101
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Zhao S, He W, He P, Li K. Comparison of planktonic bacterial communities indoor and outdoor of aquaculture greenhouses. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 132:2605-2612. [PMID: 34919750 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Greenhouses are widely used in agriculture systems to shield crops from unfavourable weather to achieve a year-round food supply. In recent years, aquaculture ponds have been placed in greenhouses in many regions. The impacts of the greenhouses on planktonic bacterial communities should be uncovered. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, two polyolefin film greenhouses accommodating aquaculture ponds were established and planktonic bacterial communities were compared from samples taken in aquaculture ponds inside and outside the greenhouses, using Illumina 16S rRNA sequencing. CONCLUSIONS The results showed there were significant variations in bacterial community structure between indoor and outdoor samples. Obvious differences were also found between two greenhouses, whereas the differences in indoor samples were weaker than outdoor samples. Significantly higher temperature (in summer), pH and permanganate index were found in the outdoor pond samples. Results of redundancy analysis showed that Proteobacteria and Bacteroidota were positively related to the dissolved oxygen, total nitrogen and total phosphorus, and Actinobacteriota were positively related to pH, temperature and permanganate index, whereas Cyanobacteria were positively related to the salinity, conductivity, total dissolved solids and ammonia nitrogen. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The results of this study revealed that greenhouses significantly influenced planktonic bacterial communities in aquaculture ponds. This study is expected to provide a scientific basis for aquaculture in greenhouses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhao
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhui He
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peimin He
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kejun Li
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
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102
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Łaniewski P, Herbst-Kralovetz MM. Bacterial vaginosis and health-associated bacteria modulate the immunometabolic landscape in 3D model of human cervix. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2021; 7:88. [PMID: 34903740 PMCID: PMC8669023 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-021-00259-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is an enigmatic polymicrobial condition characterized by a depletion of health-associated Lactobacillus and an overgrowth of anaerobes. Importantly, BV is linked to adverse gynecologic and obstetric outcomes: an increased risk of sexually transmitted infections, preterm birth, and cancer. We hypothesized that members of the cervicovaginal microbiota distinctly contribute to immunometabolic changes in the human cervix, leading to these sequelae. Our 3D epithelial cell model that recapitulates the human cervical epithelium was infected with clinical isolates of cervicovaginal bacteria, alone or as a polymicrobial community. We used Lactobacillus crispatus as a representative health-associated commensal and four common BV-associated species: Gardnerella vaginalis, Prevotella bivia, Atopobium vaginae, and Sneathia amnii. The immunometabolic profiles of these microenvironments were analyzed using multiplex immunoassays and untargeted global metabolomics. A. vaginae and S. amnii exhibited the highest proinflammatory potential through induction of cytokines, iNOS, and oxidative stress-associated compounds. G. vaginalis, P. bivia, and S. amnii distinctly altered physicochemical barrier-related proteins and metabolites (mucins, sialic acid, polyamines), whereas L. crispatus produced an antimicrobial compound, phenyllactic acid. Alterations to the immunometabolic landscape correlate with symptoms and hallmarks of BV and connected BV with adverse women’s health outcomes. Overall, this study demonstrated that 3D cervical epithelial cell colonized with cervicovaginal microbiota faithfully reproduce the immunometabolic microenvironment previously observed in clinical studies and can successfully be used as a robust tool to evaluate host responses to commensal and pathogenic bacteria in the female reproductive tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Łaniewski
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine - Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Melissa M Herbst-Kralovetz
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine - Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine - Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA.
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103
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Zheng N, Guo R, Wang J, Zhou W, Ling Z. Contribution of Lactobacillus iners to Vaginal Health and Diseases: A Systematic Review. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:792787. [PMID: 34881196 PMCID: PMC8645935 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.792787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus iners, first described in 1999, is a prevalent bacterial species of the vaginal microbiome. As L. iners does not easily grow on de Man-Rogosa-Sharpe agar, but can grow anaerobically on blood agar, it has been initially overlooked by traditional culture methods. It was not until the wide application of molecular biology techniques that the function of L. iners in the vaginal microbiome was carefully explored. L. iners has the smallest genome among known Lactobacilli and it has many probiotic characteristics, but is partly different from other major vaginal Lactobacillus species, such as L. crispatus, in contributing to the maintenance of a healthy vaginal microbiome. It is not only commonly present in the healthy vagina but quite often recovered in high numbers in bacterial vaginosis (BV). Increasing evidence suggests that L. iners is a transitional species that colonizes after the vaginal environment is disturbed and offers overall less protection against vaginal dysbiosis and, subsequently, leads to BV, sexually transmitted infections, and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Accordingly, under certain conditions, L. iners is a genuine vaginal symbiont, but it also seems to be an opportunistic pathogen. Further studies are necessary to identify the exact role of this intriguing species in vaginal health and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nengneng Zheng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Renyong Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Clinical In Vitro Diagnostic Techniques of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinxi Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zongxin Ling
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Microbe & Host Health, Linyi University, Linyi, China
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104
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Borgogna JLC, Anastario M, Firemoon P, Rink E, Ricker A, Ravel J, Brotman RM, Yeoman CJ. Vaginal microbiota of American Indian women and associations with measures of psychosocial stress. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260813. [PMID: 34890405 PMCID: PMC8664215 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular-bacterial vaginosis (BV) is characterized by low levels of vaginal Lactobacillus species and is associated with higher risk of sexually transmitted infections (STI). Perceived psychosocial stress is associated with increased severity and persistence of infections, including STIs. American Indians have the highest rates of stress and high rates of STIs. The prevalence of molecular-BV among American Indian women is unknown. We sought to evaluate measures of psychosocial stress, such as historic loss (a multigenerational factor involving slavery, forced removal from one's land, legally ratified race-based segregation, and contemporary discrimination) and their association with the vaginal microbiota and specific metabolites associated with BV, in 70 Northwestern Plains American Indian women. Demographics, perceived psychosocial stressors, sexual practices, and known BV risk factors were assessed using a modified version of the American Indian Service Utilization, Psychiatric Epidemiology, Risk and Protective Factors Project survey. Self-collected mid-vaginal swabs were profiled for bacterial composition by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and metabolites quantified by targeted liquid-chromatography mass spectrometry. Sixty-six percent of the participants were classified as having molecular-BV, with the rest being either dominated by L. crispatus (10%) or L. iners (24%). High levels of lifetime trauma were associated with higher odds of having molecular-BV (adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR): 2.5, 95% Credible Interval (CrI): 1.1-5.3). Measures of psychosocial stress, including historic loss and historic loss associated symptoms, were significantly associated with lifestyle and behavioral practices. Higher scores of lifetime trauma were associated with increased concentrations of spermine (aFC: 3.3, 95% CrI: 1.2-9.2). Historic loss associated symptoms and biogenic amines were the major correlates of molecular-BV. Historical loss associated symptoms and lifetime trauma are potentially important underlying factors associated with BV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna-Lynn C. Borgogna
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America
| | - Michael Anastario
- Department of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Paula Firemoon
- Fort Peck Community College, Poplar, Montana, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Rink
- Department of Health and Human Development, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America
| | - Adriann Ricker
- School of Public Health–Center for American Indian Health and School of Nursing, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jacques Ravel
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Rebecca M. Brotman
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Carl J. Yeoman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America
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105
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Ma K, Cao Z, Cui Y, Chen T, Shan S, Shi Y, Wang W, Lv J. Effect of magnetite on anaerobic digestion treating saline wastewater: Methane production, biomass aggregation and microbial community dynamics. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 341:125783. [PMID: 34418842 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effect of magnetite amendment on anaerobic digestion was investigated at three increasing salinity levels (0.5%, 1% and 2% NaCl). The amendment of magnetite enhanced the methane yield by 36.3%, 33.3% and 16.5% at low salinity (0.5% NaCl) and high salinity (1% and 2% NaCl), respectively. Meanwhile, a larger proportion of granules was obtained in the magnetite amended reactor (48.05% vs 33.16% at the end of operation). Microbial analysis suggested magnetite could induce more methanogenesis partnerships between hydrogenotrophic methanogens and syntrophic bacteria. Methanosaeta and Methanocorpusculum were the alternating dominant methanogens at low salinity and high salinity. While Streptococcus and Mesotoga were two prevalent bacteria that showed totally different transition tendency in two reactors. Additionally, the supplement of magnetite could relieve the suppression of methanogenesis-related gene expression caused by salinity, thus facilitated the higher methane production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaili Ma
- School of Environment, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, PR China.
| | - Zhiguo Cao
- School of Environment, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, PR China
| | - Yanrui Cui
- School of Environment, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, PR China
| | - Tingting Chen
- School of Environment, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, PR China
| | - Shijie Shan
- School of Environment, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, PR China
| | - Yuyang Shi
- School of Environment, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Environment, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, PR China
| | - Jinghua Lv
- School of Environment, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, PR China
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106
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KIECKA ANETA, MACURA BARBARA, SZCZEPANIK MARIAN. Can Lactobacillus spp. Be a Factor Reducing the Risk of Miscarriage? Pol J Microbiol 2021; 70:431-446. [PMID: 35003275 PMCID: PMC8702604 DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2021-043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy loss is a common obstetric problem. Significant causes of miscarriage include genetic and epigenetic disorders of the embryo, immunological and endocrine factors, uterine malformations, improper embryo selection, and lifestyle. Perhaps a hitherto underappreciated cause of miscarriage may be an abnormal microbiota composition of the female reproductive system. Lactobacillus spp. is the most common bacteria within the reproductive tract. However, the protective role of Lactobacilli in the vagina has been well described in the literature, while it is still unknown what function Lactobacilli may have in the uterus. Moreover, new research shows that Lactobacillus spp. can have a role in miscarriage. However, both molecular and immunological mechanisms of host-Lactobacillus spp. interactions are not fully understood. Understanding these relationships will help address the importance and extent of the protective role of Lactobacillus spp. in miscarriage.
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Affiliation(s)
- ANETA KIECKA
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Physiotherapy, Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Cracow, Poland
| | - BARBARA MACURA
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Physiotherapy, Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Cracow, Poland
| | - MARIAN SZCZEPANIK
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Physiotherapy, Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Cracow, Poland
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107
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Kim S, Seo H, Rahim MDA, Lee S, Kim YS, Song HY. Changes in the Microbiome of Vaginal Fluid after Menopause in Korean Women. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 31:1490-1500. [PMID: 34489372 PMCID: PMC9705842 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2106.06022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Various microorganisms reside in the human vagina; the vaginal microbiome is closely linked to both vaginal and general health, and for this reason, microbiome studies of the vagina are an area of research. In this study, we analyzed the vaginal microbiome of women before and after menopause to further increase our understanding of the vaginal microbiome and its contribution to general health. We did a 16s rRNA gene-based metagenomic analysis on the vaginal fluids of 11 premenopausal and 19 postmenopausal women in Korea. We confirmed that the taxonomic composition was significantly different between the two groups. In postmenopausal women, species richness was significantly decreased, but species diversity was significantly increased. In particular, among the taxonomic components corresponding to all taxon ranks of the vaginal microbiome, a reduction in Lactobacillus taxa after menopause contributed the most to the difference between the two groups. In addition, we confirmed through metabolic analysis that the lactic-acid concentration was also decreased in the vaginal fluid of women after menopause. Our findings on the correlation between menopause and the microbiome could help diagnose menopause and enhance the prevention and treatment diseases related to menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukyung Kim
- Probiotics Microbiome Convergence Center, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoonhee Seo
- Probiotics Microbiome Convergence Center, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - MD Abdur Rahim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Chungnam 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Saebim Lee
- Probiotics Microbiome Convergence Center, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Sook Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Chungnam 31151, Republic of Korea,Corresponding authors Y.S. Kim E-mail:
| | - Ho-Yeon Song
- Probiotics Microbiome Convergence Center, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam 31538, Republic of Korea,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Chungnam 31151, Republic of Korea,
H.Y. Song E-mail: ,
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108
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Gladysheva IV, Chertkov KL, Cherkasov SV, Khlopko YA, Kataev VY, Valyshev AV. Probiotic Potential, Safety Properties, and Antifungal Activities of Corynebacterium amycolatum ICIS 9 and Corynebacterium amycolatum ICIS 53 Strains. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 15:588-600. [PMID: 34807410 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09876-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the probiotic characteristics and safety and to study the antifungal activity of C. amycolatum ICIS 9 and C. amycolatum ICIS 53 against Candida spp. The probiotic potential and safety properties were assessed by standard parameters. Both strains showed good survival at pH 3 for 3 h and high tolerance to 0.3% bile salts after 4 h of incubation. The indicators of hydrophobicity, autoaggregation, and surface tension for ICIS 9 were 89.43% (n-hexane) and 73.96% (xylene) and ranged from 13.13 to 39.86% and 34.27 mN/m, respectively. For ICIS 53, they were 59.95% (n-hexane) and 45.68% (xylene), from 35.58 to 51.53% and 32.40 mN/m, respectively. The strains ICIS 9 and ICIS 53 exhibited varying levels of coaggregation with all eight examined bacterial pathogens. The ICIS 9 strain was resistant to amikacin, amoxicillin, clarithromycin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, and gentamycin. ICIS 53 was resistant only to ciprofloxacin. The cell-free supernatant of strains ICIS 9 and ICIS 53 showed good antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity against 10 pathogenic vaginal and intestinal isolates of Candida spp. The CFS of ICIS 9 was more active against intestinal isolates, and the CFS of ICIS 53 showed good antimicrobial activity against vaginal isolates while inhibiting the growth of 2 out of 5 Candida spp. isolated from the intestine. Both of the strains were capable of reducing the biofilm formation of Candida fungi. In the case of the vaginal isolates of C. krusei V1, the results showed that the inhibition levels of ICIS 9 and ICIS 53 were 36.75 and 11.4%, respectively. In the case of C. albicans (V2, V3, V7, and V8), the inhibition of biofilm formation was no more than 7.07%. ICIS 9 and ICIS 53 also significantly inhibited biofilm formation of C. krusei 2613 intestinal isolates by 42.75 and 41.87%, respectively, with ICIS 9 inhibiting biofilm formation of C. albicans (2607, 2311, 2615, and 2615) from 3.38 to 15.69% and ICIS 53 from 5.95 to 23.48%. None of the strains showed DNase, haemolytic, or gelatinase activities. The results obtained revealed that ICIS 9 and ICIS 53 have safe properties and have the potential to be developed as probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- I V Gladysheva
- Institute of Cellular and Intracellular Symbiosis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Orenburg, Russia.
| | - K L Chertkov
- Institute of Cellular and Intracellular Symbiosis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Orenburg, Russia
| | - S V Cherkasov
- Institute of Cellular and Intracellular Symbiosis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Orenburg, Russia
| | - Y A Khlopko
- Institute of Cellular and Intracellular Symbiosis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Orenburg, Russia
| | - V Y Kataev
- Institute of Cellular and Intracellular Symbiosis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Orenburg, Russia
| | - A V Valyshev
- Institute of Cellular and Intracellular Symbiosis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Orenburg, Russia
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109
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Li K, Zhao S, Guan W, Li KJ. Planktonic bacteria in white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) and channel catfish (Letalurus punetaus) aquaculture ponds in a salt-alkaline region. Lett Appl Microbiol 2021; 74:212-219. [PMID: 34778977 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Aquaculture in salt-alkaline regions is encouraged in China, and culture of many aquatic species has been introduced into these areas. In this study, we cultured two species, white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) and channel catfish (Letalurus punetaus) separately in aquaculture ponds in a salt-alkaline region in northwest China and assessed the impacts of the aquaculture operations on the planktonic bacterial community in the culture ponds. Culture of both species decreased the planktonic bacterial diversity and altered the bacterial community structure in the aquaculture ponds compared with the source water. Among the 10 dominant bacterial phyla, 8 were significantly correlated with environmental parameters; the exception was Actinobacteriota, the most dominant phylum, and Firmicutes. Proteobacteria and Bacteroidota abundances showed significant positive correlations with alkalinity, whereas Patescibacteria, Cyanobacteria, Planctomycetota, and Verrucomicrobiota abundance were positively correlated with salinity. Linear regression analysis showed that alkalinity was positively correlated with bacterial beta diversity and salinity was negatively correlated with that. In addition, white shrimp aquaculture significantly lowered the alkalinity, which suggests that culture of this species in inland salt-alkaline regions is a potential dealkalization solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Li
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - S Zhao
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - W Guan
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - K J Li
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
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110
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Abstract
In this article, we argue that a careful examination of human microbiome science's relationship with race and racism is necessary to foster equitable social and ecological relations in the field. We point to the origins and evolution of the problematic use of race in microbiome literature by demonstrating the increased usage of race both explicitly and implicitly in and beyond the human microbiome sciences. We demonstrate how these uses limit the future of rigorous and just microbiome research. We conclude with an outline of alternative actionable ways to build a more effective, antiracist microbiome science.
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111
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Guan W, Li K, Zhao S, Li K. A high abundance of Firmicutes in the intestine of chinese mitten crabs (Eriocheir sinensis) cultured in an alkaline region. AMB Express 2021; 11:141. [PMID: 34693464 PMCID: PMC8542526 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-021-01301-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) is a popular aquaculture product in East Asia, especially in China. In the last decade, rice-crab co-culture has rapidly expanded in China. Under this model, crabs are raised in rice fields instead of in traditional aquaculture ponds. In this study, we cultured two varieties of Chinese mitten crabs (Changjiang and Liaohe) in an alkaline region in northwest China and used Illumina MiSeq sequencing to compare the intestinal bacterial alpha diversity and community structure between traditional and co-culture aquaculture models, between two crab varieties, and between female and male crabs. Significant variations in intestinal bacterial communities were found between crab varieties and between female and male crabs but not between aquaculture models. These results show that rice-crab co-culture operations did not obviously impact the crab intestinal bacterial community compared with traditional pond aquaculture. Firmicutes was the most abundant bacterial phylum in the crab intestines (78%, relative abundance). Three dominant operational taxonomic units (OTUs) represented 73.2% of Firmicutes sequences and 56.8% of all sequences. A dominant OTU assigned as Firmicutes that was negatively correlated with crab body length, width, and weight was found in the source water for the experimental area. The results of this study suggest that the aquaculture of Chinese mitten crabs in alkaline regions requires more study to improve cultivation techniques.
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112
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Chao X, Wang L, Wang S, Lang J, Tan X, Fan Q, Shi H. Research of the Potential Vaginal Microbiome Biomarkers for High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:565001. [PMID: 34621755 PMCID: PMC8490638 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.565001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaginal microbiome may have a role in HPV infection and cervical neoplasm. To explore potential vaginal microbiome biomarkers for high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), and to find the best scheme to facilitate the current cervical cancer screening strategy. This study enrolled 272 women, including 83 confirmed with HSIL, 86 with HPV infection but without cervical neoplasm, and 103 without HPV infection as controls. Vaginal microbiome composition was determined by sequencing of barcoded 16S rDNA gene fragments (V4) on Illumina HiSeq2500. The relative increasing abundance of Stenotrophomonas, Streptococcus, and Pseudomonas, and a concomitant paucity of Dialister, unidentified Prevotellaceae, Faecalibacterium, Bifidobacterium, and Bacteroides, were related with HSIL, which can be used to predict the development of HISL in high-risk HPV infected patients. The relative abundance of Stenotrophomonas being over 0.0090387%, or Faecalibacterium being under 0.01420015%, or Bifidobacterium being under 0.0116183% maybe a good predictor for HSIL for those infected with HPV 16 and/or 18. The relative abundance of Stenotrophomonas being over 0.01549105%, or Streptococcus being over 0.48409585%, or Bacteroides being under 0.0296912% maybe a good predictor for HSIL for those infected with the 12 other high-risk types of HPV with concurrent abnormal TCT results. This study revealed that potential vaginal microbiome biomarkers may relate to HSIL, and can facilitate the cervical cancer screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopei Chao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric and Gynecologic Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hebei Yanda Hospital, Hebei, China
| | - Shu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric and Gynecologic Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jinghe Lang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric and Gynecologic Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xianjie Tan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric and Gynecologic Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Qingbo Fan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric and Gynecologic Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Honghui Shi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric and Gynecologic Diseases, Beijing, China
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113
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Wolf EA, Rettig HC, Lupatsii M, Schlüter B, Schäfer K, Friedrich D, Graspeuntner S, Rupp J. Culturomics Approaches Expand the Diagnostic Accuracy for Sexually Transmitted Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910815. [PMID: 34639153 PMCID: PMC8509341 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a major health concern with clinical manifestations being acknowledged to cause severe reproductive impairment. Research in infectious diseases has been centered around the known major pathogens for decades. However, we have just begun to understand that the microbiota of the female genital tract is of particular importance for disease initiation, infection progression, and pathological outcome. Thus, we are now aware that many poorly described, partially not yet known, or cultured bacteria may pave the way for an infection and/or contribute to disease severity. While sequencing-based methods are an important step in diagnosing STIs, culture-based methods are still the gold-standard method in diagnostic routine, providing the opportunity to distinguish phenotypic traits of bacteria. However, current diagnostic culture routines suffer from several limitations reducing the content of information about vaginal microbiota. A detailed characterization of microbiota-associated factors is needed to assess the impact of single-bacterial isolates from the vaginal community on vaginal health and the containment of STIs. Here we provide current concepts to enable modern culture routines and create new ideas to improve diagnostic approaches with a conjunct usage of bioinformatics. We aim to enable scientists and physicians alike to overcome long-accepted limitations in culturing bacteria of interest to the human health. Eventually, this may improve the quality of culture-based diagnostics, facilitate a research interface, and lead to a broader understanding of the role of vaginal microbiota in reproductive health and STIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellinor Anna Wolf
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany; (E.A.W.); (H.C.R.); (M.L.); (K.S.); (D.F.); (S.G.)
| | - Hannah Clara Rettig
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany; (E.A.W.); (H.C.R.); (M.L.); (K.S.); (D.F.); (S.G.)
| | - Mariia Lupatsii
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany; (E.A.W.); (H.C.R.); (M.L.); (K.S.); (D.F.); (S.G.)
| | - Britta Schlüter
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 23538 Lübeck, Germany;
| | - Kathrin Schäfer
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany; (E.A.W.); (H.C.R.); (M.L.); (K.S.); (D.F.); (S.G.)
| | - Dirk Friedrich
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany; (E.A.W.); (H.C.R.); (M.L.); (K.S.); (D.F.); (S.G.)
| | - Simon Graspeuntner
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany; (E.A.W.); (H.C.R.); (M.L.); (K.S.); (D.F.); (S.G.)
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jan Rupp
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany; (E.A.W.); (H.C.R.); (M.L.); (K.S.); (D.F.); (S.G.)
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
- Correspondence:
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114
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Kim S, Seo H, Rahim MA, Tajdozian H, Kim YS, Song HY. Characteristics of Vaginal Microbiome in Women with Pelvic Inflammatory Disease in Korea. Pol J Microbiol 2021; 70:345-357. [PMID: 34584529 PMCID: PMC8458998 DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2021-033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Human vaginal microorganisms play an important role in maintaining good health throughout the human life cycle. An imbalance in the vaginal microbiota is associated with an increased risk of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). This study aimed to characterize and compare vaginal microbial profiles of premenopausal Korean women with and without PID. 74 Korean premenopausal female vaginal samples were obtained; 33 were from healthy women (a control group) and 41 from PID patients. Vaginal fluid samples were collected from the vaginal wall and posterior cervix and then analyzed by 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) gene-based amplicon sequencing. Results showed a significant difference between the vaginal microbial communities of the two groups (Jensen-Shannon, p = 0.014; Bray-Curtis, p = 0.009; Generalized UniFrac, p = 0.007; UniFrac, p = 0.008). Lactobacillus accounted for the highest percentage (61.0%) of the control group but was significantly decreased (34.9%) in PID patients; this was the most significant difference among all bacterial communities (p = 0.028, LDA effect size = 5.129). In addition, in the PID patient group, species diversity significantly increased (Simpson, p = 0.07) as the proportion of various pathogens increased evenly, resulting in a polymicrobial infection. Similarly, lactate, which constituted the highest percentage of the organic acids in the control group, was significantly decreased in the PID patient group (p = 0.04). The present study's findings will help understand PID from the microbiome perspective and are expected to contribute to the development of more efficient PID diagnosis and treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukyung Kim
- Probiotics Microbiome Convergence Center, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, South Korea
| | - Hoonhee Seo
- Probiotics Microbiome Convergence Center, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, South Korea
| | - Md Abdur Rahim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Hanieh Tajdozian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Yun-Sook Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Ho-Yeon Song
- Probiotics Microbiome Convergence Center, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, South Korea.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, South Korea
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115
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Li P, Wei K, He X, Zhang L, Liu Z, Wei J, Chen X, Wei H, Chen T. Vaginal Probiotic Lactobacillus crispatus Seems to Inhibit Sperm Activity and Subsequently Reduces Pregnancies in Rat. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:705690. [PMID: 34485291 PMCID: PMC8414900 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.705690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The vaginal microbiota is associated with the health of the female reproductive system and the offspring. Lactobacillus crispatus belongs to one of the most important vaginal probiotics, while its role in the agglutination and immobilization of human sperm, fertility, and offspring health is unclear. Methods Adherence assays, sperm motility assays, and Ca2+-detecting assays were used to analyze the adherence properties and sperm motility of L. crispatus Lcr-MH175, attenuated Salmonella typhimurium VNP20009, engineered S. typhimurium VNP20009 DNase I, and Escherichia coli O157:H7 in vitro. The rat reproductive model was further developed to study the role of L. crispatus on reproduction and offspring health, using high-throughput sequencing, real-time PCR, and molecular biology techniques. Results Our results indicated that L. crispatus, VNP20009, VNP20009 DNase I, and E. coli O157:H7 significantly inhibited the sperm motility in vitro via adversely affecting the sperm intracellular Ca2+ concentration and showed a high adhesion to sperms. The in vivo results indicated that L. crispatus and other tested bacteria greatly reduced the pregnancy rates, but L. crispatus had a positive effect on maternal health and offspring development. Moreover, the transplantation of L. crispatus could sustain a normal bacterial composition of the vaginal microbiota in healthy rats and markedly reduced the expression of uterine inflammatory factors (toll-like receptor-4/nuclear factor kappa-B, tumor necrosis factor-α, production of interleukin-1β, etc.) and apoptosis factors (Fas Ligand, Bcl-2-associated X protein/B cell lymphoma-2, etc.) compared with the other tested strains. Conclusion Our study demonstrated that the vaginal probiotic L. crispatus greatly affected the sperm activity and could also reduce pregnancies through its adhesion property, which might account for some unexplained infertility. Therefore, more caution should be paid when using L. crispatus as a vaginal viable preparation in women of child-bearing age, especially for women whose partners have abnormal sperms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Kehong Wei
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xia He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ninth Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhaoxia Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jing Wei
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaomei Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hong Wei
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingtao Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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116
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Turner E, Sobel JD, Akins RA. Prognosis of recurrent bacterial vaginosis based on longitudinal changes in abundance of Lactobacillus and specific species of Gardnerella. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256445. [PMID: 34424942 PMCID: PMC8382169 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Refractory responses to standard-of-care oral metronidazole among recurrent bacterial vaginosis (BV) patients is not rare, and recurrence within a year is common. A better understanding of the bacterial determinants of these outcomes is essential. In this study we ask whether changes in specific species of Gardnerella are associated with poor short or long term clinical outcomes, and if and how resurgence of Lactobacillus species affects these outcomes. We quantify Lactobacillus isolates as a proportion of total vaginal bacteria using the LbRC5 qPCR assay, and 5 prevalent species of Gardnerella using primers that target species-specific polymorphisms within the cpn60 gene. The study includes 43 BV patients: 18 refractory, 16 recurrent, and 11 remission patients, sampled daily for up to two weeks post-treatment; clinical outcomes were tracked for up to 9 months. Persistently high titers of Gardnerella Gsp07 were associated with refractory responses, and persistently low abundance of Gardnerella Gsp07 and G. swidsinskii / G. leopoldii were associated with remission. Lactobacillus species abundance rose in 4-14 days after initiation of treatment in most but not all recurrent and remission patients, although increases were more sustained among remission patients. The findings suggest that Gardnerella Gsp07 and G. swidsinskii / G. leopoldii are markers of poor clinical outcome or may directly or indirectly suppress recovery of Lactobacillus species, thereby interfering with clinical recovery. Therapies that target these strains may improve patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essence Turner
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, & Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Jack D. Sobel
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Robert A. Akins
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, & Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
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117
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Vasundhara D, Raju VN, Hemalatha R, Nagpal R, Kumar M. Vaginal & gut microbiota diversity in pregnant women with bacterial vaginosis & effect of oral probiotics: An exploratory study. Indian J Med Res 2021; 153:492-502. [PMID: 34380796 PMCID: PMC8354056 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_350_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & objectives: The vaginal microbiota undergoes subtle changes during pregnancy and may affect several aspects of pregnancy outcomes. There has been no comprehensive study characterizing the gestational vaginal and gut microbiota and the dynamics of the microbiota with oral probiotics among Indian women. Hence, the study was aimed to explore the microbiota of pregnant women with normal microbiota and bacterial vaginosis (BV) environments and the effect of oral probiotics on the microbiota and the BV status in these women. Methods: Using high-throughput Illumina-MiSeq sequencing approach, the 16S rRNA gene amplicons were analyzed and the vaginal and gut microbiota of pregnant women with and without BV and pre- and post-probiotics (Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 and Lactobacillus reuteri RC-14) intervention for a month was characterized. Results: The study revealed a compositional difference in the vaginal and gut microbiota between BV and healthy pregnant women. The vaginal microbiota of healthy women was characteristically predominated by Lactobacillus helveticus, followed by L. iners and L. gasseri; in contrast, women positive for BV harboured higher α-diversity and had lower abundance of L. helveticus. Similarly, Prevotella copri, a gut microbe, associated with normal environment was detected in the vaginal samples of all pregnant women without BV, it remained undetected in women with the infection, while all women with BV had Gardnerella vaginalis, which decreased significantly with probiotic treatment. Gut microbiota also revealed dominant abundance of P. copri in healthy women, whereas it was significantly lower in women with BV. The bacterial clade, P. copri abundance increased from 9.17 to 16.49 per cent in the probiotic group and reduced from 7.75 to 4.84 per cent in the placebo group. Interpretation & conclusions: This study showed gestational vaginal and gut microbiota differences in normal and BV environments. With probiotic treatment, the dynamics of L. helveticus and P. copri hint towards a possible role of probiotics in modulating the vaginal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donugama Vasundhara
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Vankudavath Naik Raju
- Nutrition Information, Communication & Health Education (NICHE), ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | | | - Ravinder Nagpal
- Department of Internal Medicine-Molecular Medicine; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Wake Forest, School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
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118
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Wright ML, Fettweis JM, Eaves LJ, Silberg JL, Neale MC, Serrano MG, Jimenez NR, Prom-Wormley E, Girerd PH, Borzelleca JF, Jefferson KK, Strauss JF, York TP, Buck GA. Vaginal microbiome Lactobacillus crispatus is heritable among European American women. Commun Biol 2021; 4:872. [PMID: 34354222 PMCID: PMC8342574 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02394-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The diversity and dominant bacterial taxa in the vagina are reported to be influenced by multiple intrinsic and extrinsic factors, including but not limited to pregnancy, contraceptive use, pathogenic states, socioeconomic status, and ancestry. However, the extent to which host genetic factors influence variation in the vaginal microbiota is unclear. We used a biometrical genetic approach to determine whether host genetic factors contribute to inter-individual differences in taxa from a sample of 332 twins who self-identified as being of African (44 pairs) or European ancestry (122 pairs). Lactobacillus crispatus, a major determinant of vaginal health, was identified as heritable among European American women (narrow-sense heritability = 34.7%, P-value = 0.018). Heritability of L. crispatus is consistent with the reduced prevalence of adverse reproductive disorders, including bacterial vaginosis and preterm birth, among women of European ancestry. Wright et al. apply biometric genetic approach to identify the extent to which host genetic factors influence species-level variation in the vaginal microbiota. Their study suggests that Lactobacillus crispatus, a major determinant of vaginal health, is heritable among European American women, consistent with the reduced prevalence of adverse reproductive disorders in them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Wright
- School of Nursing, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.,Department of Women's Health, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer M Fettweis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Center for Microbiome Engineering and Data Analysis, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Lindon J Eaves
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Judy L Silberg
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Mid-Atlantic Twin Registry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Michael C Neale
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Myrna G Serrano
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Center for Microbiome Engineering and Data Analysis, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Nicole R Jimenez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Center for Microbiome Engineering and Data Analysis, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Prom-Wormley
- Family Medicine and Population Health, Division of Epidemiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Philippe H Girerd
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Center for Microbiome Engineering and Data Analysis, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Joseph F Borzelleca
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Kimberly K Jefferson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Center for Microbiome Engineering and Data Analysis, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jerome F Strauss
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Center for Microbiome Engineering and Data Analysis, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Timothy P York
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA. .,Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
| | - Gregory A Buck
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Center for Microbiome Engineering and Data Analysis, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Department of Computer Science, School of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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119
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MITCHELL CM, Nanxun, MITCHELL AJ, WU MC, VALINT DJ, PROLL S, REED SD, GUTHRIE KA, LACROIX AZ, LARSON JC, PEPIN R, RAFTERY D, FREDRICKS DN, SRINIVASAN S. Association between postmenopausal vulvovaginal discomfort, vaginal microbiota, and mucosal inflammation. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2021; 225:159.e1-159.e15. [PMID: 33675793 PMCID: PMC8328873 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2021.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Half of all postmenopausal women report symptoms of vulvar, vaginal, or urinary discomfort with substantial impact on sexual function and quality of life; underlying mechanisms leading to symptoms are poorly understood. OBJECTIVE To examine the possibility that the vaginal microbiota and/or mucosal immune response contributes to the severity of bothersome vaginal symptoms, we conducted a substudy of samples from a randomized trial of vaginal treatment for genitourinary syndrome of menopause to compare these features between women whose symptoms improved and women whose symptoms did not improve. STUDY DESIGN This is a secondary analysis of samples collected in a 12-week randomized trial of treatment with vaginal estradiol or moisturizer vs placebo for moderate-severe postmenopausal symptoms of vaginal discomfort. We randomly selected 20 women in each arm with ≥2-point decrease in most bothersome symptom severity (responders) and 20 matched controls with ≤1-point decrease (nonresponders). At 0, 4, and 12 weeks, we characterized vaginal microbiota (16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing), vaginal fluid metabolites (broad-based metabolomic profiling), vaginal fluid-soluble immune markers (Meso Scale Discovery), pH, and vaginal maturation index. We compared responders with nonresponders at baseline and across all visits using linear mixed models to evaluate associations with microbiota, metabolites, and immune markers, incorporating visit and participant-specific random effects while controlling for treatment arm. RESULTS Here, the mean age of women was 61 years (n=120), and most women (92%) were White. At enrollment, no significant differences were observed between responders and nonresponders in age, most bothersome symptom type or severity, microbiota composition or diversity, Lactobacillus dominance, metabolome, or immune markers. There was a significant decrease in diversity of the vaginal microbiota in both responders and nonresponders (P<.001) over 12 weeks. Although this change did not differ by responder status, diversity was associated with treatment arm: more women in the estradiol arm (63%) had Lactobacillus-dominant, lower diversity bacterial communities than women in the moisturizer (35%) or dual placebo (23%) arms (P=.001) at 12 weeks. The metabolome, vaginal maturation index, and measured immune markers were not associated with responder status over the 12 weeks but varied by treatment arm. CONCLUSION Postmenopausal vaginal symptom severity was not significantly associated with vaginal microbiota or mucosal inflammatory markers in this small study. Women receiving vaginal estradiol experienced greater abundance of lactobacilli and lower vaginal pH at end of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M. MITCHELL
- Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Nanxun
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Alissa J. MITCHELL
- Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Michael C. WU
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - DJ VALINT
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Sean PROLL
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Susan D. REED
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle WA
| | - Katherine A. GUTHRIE
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Andrea Z. LACROIX
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health, University of California, San Diego
| | - Joseph C LARSON
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Robert PEPIN
- Department of Anesthesia & Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle WA
| | - Daniel RAFTERY
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA,Department of Anesthesia & Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle WA
| | - David N. FREDRICKS
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle WA
| | - Sujatha SRINIVASAN
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
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120
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Huang CC, Liang CM, Yang TI, Chen JL, Wang WK. Shift of bacterial communities in heavy metal-contaminated agricultural land during a remediation process. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255137. [PMID: 34297781 PMCID: PMC8301633 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities accompanied by heavy metal waste threaten the environment. Heavy metal pollution alters the soil microbial community composition, and the microorganisms that adapt to this stress increase in abundance. The remediation process of contaminated soil not only reduces the concentration of heavy metals but also alters the bacterial communities. High-throughput 16S rDNA sequencing techniques were applied to understand the changes in soil microbial communities. Using the remediation approach of the soil mixing, the concentrations of heavy metals in the contaminated areas were diluted and the soil environment was changed. The change of soil environment as a disturbance contributed to the alteration of microbial diversity of the remediated areas. The pH and heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn) were the most influential factors driving the changes in community structure. The bacterial community structure was significantly different among sample areas. The decrease of heavy metals in soil may be the important factors that changed the microbial composition. This study provides the better understanding of the changes in composition of microbial communities affected by the remediation process in heavy metal-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Chun Huang
- Endemic Species Research Institute, Jiji, Nantou, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ming Liang
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Science, Feng Chia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ting-I Yang
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Science, Feng Chia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jiann-Long Chen
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Science, Feng Chia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Kuang Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Science, Feng Chia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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121
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Carter KA, Srinivasan S, Fiedler TL, Anzala O, Kimani J, Mochache V, Wallis JM, Fredricks DN, McClelland RS, Balkus JE. Vaginal Bacteria and Risk of Incident and Persistent Infection With High-Risk Subtypes of Human Papillomavirus: A Cohort Study Among Kenyan Women. Sex Transm Dis 2021; 48:499-507. [PMID: 33346587 PMCID: PMC8184569 DOI: 10.1097/olq.0000000000001343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is associated with an increased risk of high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV), whereas Lactobacillus-dominated vaginal microbiotas are associated with reduced burden of hrHPV. Few epidemiologic studies have prospectively investigated the relationships between vaginal bacteria and hrHPV, particularly among women from countries in Africa. METHODS We conducted a prospective cohort study nested within the Preventing Vaginal Infections trial to evaluate associations between vaginal bacteria and hrHPV incidence and persistence. Sexually active, HIV-seronegative women aged 18 to 45 years who had a vaginal infection at screening were eligible to enroll. Analyses were restricted to participants enrolled in Kenya and randomized to placebo. At enrollment and months 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12, hrHPV testing, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (measuring taxon quantity per swab), and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of the vaginal microbiota were performed. Generalized estimating equations multinomial logistic regression models were fit to evaluate associations between vaginal bacteria and incident and persistent hrHPV. RESULTS Eighty-four participants were included in this analysis. Higher concentrations of Lactobacillus crispatus were inversely associated with persistent hrHPV detection. Specifically, 1 tertile higher L. crispatus concentration was associated with 50% reduced odds of persistent hrHPV detection (odds ratio, 0.50; 95% confidence interval, 0.29-0.85). CONCLUSIONS This study is consistent with reports that vaginal L. crispatus is associated with reduced susceptibility to hrHPV persistence. Evidence from in vitro studies provides insight into potential mechanisms by which L. crispatus may mediate hrHPV risk. Future studies should further explore in vivo mechanisms that may drive this relationship and opportunities for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla A. Carter
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington; Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sujatha Srinivasan
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tina L. Fiedler
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Omu Anzala
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi; Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Joshua Kimani
- University of Nairobi Institute for Tropical and Infectious Diseases, University of Nairobi; Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Vernon Mochache
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington; Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jacqueline M. Wallis
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David N. Fredricks
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington; Seattle, WA, USA
| | - R. Scott McClelland
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington; Seattle, WA, USA
- University of Nairobi Institute for Tropical and Infectious Diseases, University of Nairobi; Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington; Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington; Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jennifer E. Balkus
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington; Seattle, WA, USA
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; Seattle, WA, USA
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122
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Brown SE, Robinson CK, Shardell MD, Holm JB, Ravel J, Ghanem KG, Brotman RM. Assessing the Concordance Between Urogenital and Vaginal Microbiota: Can Urine Specimens Be Used as a Proxy for Vaginal Samples? Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:671413. [PMID: 34268137 PMCID: PMC8276069 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.671413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The vaginal microbiota play a key role in defense against reproductive tract infections; however, many population-based women's health studies do not collect vaginal samples. Molecular examinations of urine samples have revealed common vaginal bacteria. We sought to assess the extent that community state type assignments of archived random-catch and clean-catch urine samples agreed with the paired vaginal samples in both reproductive-age and peri/post-menopausal women. Results Using archived samples, we evaluated the microbiota concordance among women in three studies: two with paired mid-vaginal/random-catch urine (N=91 reproductive-age participants and N=13 peri/post-menopausal participants), and one with paired mid-vaginal/clean-catch urine (N=99 reproductive-age participants). Microbiota composition was characterized by sequencing amplicons of the 16S rRNA gene V3-V4 regions and assigned to community state types. Similarity of paired samples was gauged using agreement of community state types and Yue-Clayton θ indices. Analysis of Composition of Microbiomes II indicated which taxa were differently relatively abundant in paired vaginal and urine samples. In reproductive-age women, random-catch and clean-catch urines were 89.0% and 86.9% concordant on five community state types with paired mid-vaginal swabs, and Kappa statistics indicated almost perfect agreement (κrandom-catch=.85, κclean-catch=.81, p<0.0001). A small number of pairs of samples were discordant (23/190, 12%), and discordant pairs tended to be between samples classified to L. iners-dominated and/or low-Lactobacillus states. Concordance and agreement remained similar when dichotomizing the microbiota to Lactobacillus-dominated versus low-Lactobacillus microbiota, as well as when evaluating separately the three subtypes of the low-Lactobacillus community state type IV. Median similarity of paired urine/vaginal samples was high (θrandom-catch=.85, θclean-catch=.88), and a comparison of the random-catch and clean-catch similarity scores showed no significant difference (p=.80). Concordance and similarity were lower for peri/post-menopausal women, but agreement remained substantial (76.9% concordant, κrandom-catch= 0.64, θrandom-catch=.62). Taxonomic-level analysis confirmed these findings. Conclusions Random-catch and clean-catch urine samples showed substantial agreement on bacterial composition to paired mid-vaginal samples, indicating that the genitourinary microbiota may be a reliable proxy for assessing the overall composition of the vaginal microbiota via community state types. This data suggests that urine samples can, with proper interpretation, be utilized as a surrogate for developing preliminary data and hypothesis-generating studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Brown
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States,Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Courtney K. Robinson
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Michelle D. Shardell
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States,Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Johanna B. Holm
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jacques Ravel
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Khalil G. Ghanem
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Rebecca M. Brotman
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States,Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States,*Correspondence: Rebecca M. Brotman,
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123
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Whitney BM, Srinivasan S, Tapia K, Muriuki EM, Chohan BH, Wallis JM, Liu C, Guthrie BL, McClelland RS, Hoffman NG, Fredricks DN, Roxby AC. Influence of Intramuscular Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate Initiation on Vaginal Microbiota in the Postpartum Period. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 72:e1093-e1102. [PMID: 33354707 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The vaginal microbiome plays a key role in women's reproductive health. Use of exogenous hormones, such as intramuscular depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA-IM), may alter the composition of vaginal bacterial community. METHODS Vaginal swab samples were collected from postpartum Kenyan women initiating DMPA-IM or nonhormonal contraception (non-HC). Bacterial vaginosis was assessed by Nugent score (Nugent-BV) and bacterial community composition was evaluated using broad-range 16S ribosomal RNA gene polymerase chain reaction with high-throughput sequencing. Changes in Nugent score, alpha diversity (Shannon diversity index), and total bacterial load between contraceptive groups from enrollment to 3 months after initiation were estimated using multivariable linear mixed effects regression. RESULTS Among 54 human immunodeficiency virus-negative women, 33 choosing DMPA-IM and 21 choosing non-HC, Nugent-BV was more common among DMPA-IM users at enrollment. At follow-up, Nugent score had decreased significantly among DMPA-IM users (change, -1.89; 95% confidence interval [CI], -3.53 to -.25; P = .02) while alpha diversity remained stable (0.03; -.24 to .30; P = .83). Conversely, Nugent score remained relatively stable among non-HC users (change, -0.73; 95% CI, -2.18 to .73; P = .33) while alpha diversity decreased (-0.34; -.67 to -.001; P = .05). The total bacterial load decreased slightly in DMPA-IM users and increased slightly among non-HC users, resulting in a significant difference in change between the contraceptive groups (difference, -0.64 log10 gene copies per swab sample; 95% CI, -1.19 to -.08; P = .02). While significant changes in Nugent score and alpha diversity were observed within contraceptive groups, changes between groups were not significantly different. CONCLUSIONS Postpartum vaginal bacterial diversity did not change in DMPA-IM users despite a reduction in Nugent-BV, but it decreased significantly among women using non-HC. Choice of contraception may influence Lactobacillus recovery in postpartum women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget M Whitney
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Sujatha Srinivasan
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kenneth Tapia
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Eric Munene Muriuki
- Institute of Infectious and Tropical Diseases (UNITID), University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Bhavna H Chohan
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, and Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jacqueline M Wallis
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Congzhou Liu
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Brandon L Guthrie
- Department of Global Health and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - R Scott McClelland
- Department of Medicine, Global Health, and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Noah G Hoffman
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - David N Fredricks
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, and Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Alison C Roxby
- Department of Medicine and Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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124
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Vieira-Baptista P, Silva AR, Costa M, Figueiredo R, Saldanha C, Sousa C. Diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis: Clinical or microscopic? A cross-sectional study. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2021; 156:552-559. [PMID: 34160078 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.13792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the performance of the Amsel criteria, culture of Gardnerella spp., and wet mount microscopy (WMM) in the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis. METHODS A cross-sectional cohort study was conducted, consisting of evaluating 749 consecutive women, regardless of symptoms. The Amsel criteria were evaluated, WMM microscopy and Gram staining were performed, and a swab was collected for culture. The gold standard for diagnosis was the Nugent score. RESULTS The sensitivity and specificity for the different approaches were: Amsel criteria 41.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] 33.76-49.18) and 97.8% (95% CI 96.21-98.81); cultures 59.9% (95% CI 51.47-67.85) and 99.0% (95% CI 97.76-99.69); WMM 82.6% (95% CI 76.02-88.05) and 92.4% (95% CI 89.98-94.45), respectively. WMM performed equally well in symptomatic and asymptomatic women. Amsel criteria in scenarios where there is no use of a microscope had very poor sensitivity (22.8% [CI 16.63-29.87%]). CONCLUSION The Amsel criteria have a poor performance for the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis. WMM performs well but is not routinely used and should be the first approach for the diagnosis of vaginitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Vieira-Baptista
- Hospital Lusíadas Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Lower Genital Tract Unit, Gynecology Department, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Porto, Portugal.,LAP, a Unilabs Company, Porto, Portugal
| | | | | | - Rita Figueiredo
- Lower Genital Tract Unit, Gynecology Department, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Porto, Portugal
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125
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Han Y, Liu Z, Chen T. Role of Vaginal Microbiota Dysbiosis in Gynecological Diseases and the Potential Interventions. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:643422. [PMID: 34220737 PMCID: PMC8249587 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.643422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaginal microbiota dysbiosis, characterized by the loss of Lactobacillus dominance and increase of microbial diversity, is closely related to gynecological diseases; thus, intervention on microbiota composition is significant and promising in the treatment of gynecological diseases. Currently, antibiotics and/or probiotics are the mainstay of treatment, which show favorable therapeutic effects but also bring problems such as drug resistance and high recurrence. In this review, we discuss the role of vaginal microbiota dysbiosis in various gynecological infectious and non-infectious diseases, as well as the current and potential interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhaoxia Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Tingtao Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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126
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Onywera H, Anejo-Okopi J, Mwapagha LM, Okendo J, Williamson AL. Predictive functional analysis reveals inferred features unique to cervicovaginal microbiota of African women with bacterial vaginosis and high-risk human papillomavirus infection. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253218. [PMID: 34143825 PMCID: PMC8213166 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests that Lactobacillus species may not necessarily be the sine qua non of healthy cervicovaginal microbiota (CVM), especially among reproductive-age African women. A majority of African women have high-diversity non-Lactobacillus-dominated CVM whose bacterial functions remain poorly characterized. Functional profiling of the CVM is vital for investigating human host-microbiota interactions in health and disease. Here, we investigated the functional potential of L. iners-dominated and high-diversity non-Lactobacillus-dominated CVM of 75 African women with and without bacterial vaginosis (BV) and high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection. Functional contents were predicted using PICRUSt. Microbial taxonomic diversity, BV, and HR-HPV infection statuses were correlated with the inferred functional composition of the CVM. Differentially abundant inferred functional categories were identified using linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) (p-value <0.05 and logarithmic LDA score >2.0). Of the 75 women, 56 (74.7%), 35 (46.7%), and 29 (38.7%) had high-diversity non-Lactobacillus-dominated CVM, BV, and HR-HPV infection, respectively. Alpha diversity of the inferred functional contents (as measured by Shannon diversity index) was significantly higher in women with high-diversity non-Lactobacillus-dominated CVM and BV than their respective counterparts (H statistic ≥11.5, q-value <0.001). Ordination of the predicted functional metagenome content (using Bray-Curtis distances) showed that the samples segregated according to the extent of microbial taxonomic diversity and BV (pseudo-F statistic ≥19.6, q-value = 0.001) but not HR-HPV status (pseudo-F statistic = 1.7, q-value = 0.159). LEfSe analysis of the inferred functional categories revealed that transport systems (including ABC transporters) and transcription factors were enriched in high-diversity CVM. Interestingly, transcription factors and sporulation functional categories were uniquely associated with high-diversity CVM, BV, and HR-HPV infection. Our predictive functional analysis reveals features unique to high-diversity CVM, BV and HR-HPV infections. Such features may represent important biomarkers of BV and HR-HPV infection. Our findings require proof-of-concept functional studies to examine the relevance of these potential biomarkers in women's reproductive health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harris Onywera
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Research, Innovations, and Academics Unit, Tunacare Services Health Providers Limited, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Joseph Anejo-Okopi
- Department of Microbiology, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria
- AIDS Prevention Initiative in Nigeria, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Lamech M. Mwapagha
- Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, Department of Natural and Applied Sciences, Namibia University of Science and Technology, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Javan Okendo
- Division of Chemical and Systems Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Centre for Research in Therapeutic Sciences (CREATES), Strathmore University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Anna-Lise Williamson
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- SAMRC Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Lagenaur LA, Hemmerling A, Chiu C, Miller S, Lee PP, Cohen CR, Parks TP. Connecting the Dots: Translating the Vaginal Microbiome Into a Drug. J Infect Dis 2021; 223:S296-S306. [PMID: 33330916 PMCID: PMC8502429 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A Lactobacillus-dominated vaginal microbiota (VMB) has been associated with health and considered an important host defense mechanism against urogenital infections. Conversely, depletion of lactobacilli and increased microbial diversity, amplifies the risk of adverse gynecologic and obstetric outcomes. A common clinical condition that exemplifies dysbiosis is bacterial vaginosis (BV). BV is currently treated with antibiotics, but frequently recurs, due in part to persistent dysbiosis and failure of lactobacilli to repopulate the vagina. New treatment options are needed to address BV. The VMB is relatively simple and optimally dominated by one or several species of Lactobacillus. Lactobacillus crispatus is strongly associated with vaginal health and depleted in dysbiosis. Replenishing the dysbiotic VMB with protective L. crispatus CTV-05 is a promising approach to prevent recurrent infections and improve women's health. Here we discuss confirmation of this approach with the microbiome-based biologic drug, LACTIN-V (L. crispatus CTV-05), focusing on prevention of BV recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anke Hemmerling
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Charles Chiu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Steve Miller
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Craig R Cohen
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Joseph RJ, Ser HL, Kuai YH, Tan LTH, Arasoo VJT, Letchumanan V, Wang L, Pusparajah P, Goh BH, Ab Mutalib NS, Chan KG, Lee LH. Finding a Balance in the Vaginal Microbiome: How Do We Treat and Prevent the Occurrence of Bacterial Vaginosis? Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:719. [PMID: 34203908 PMCID: PMC8232816 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10060719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) has been reported in one-third of women worldwide at different life stages, due to the complex balance in the ecology of the vaginal microbiota. It is a common cause of abnormal vaginal discharge and is associated with other health issues. Since the first description of anaerobic microbes associated with BV like Gardnerella vaginalis in the 1950s, researchers have stepped up the game by incorporating advanced molecular tools to monitor and evaluate the extent of dysbiosis within the vaginal microbiome, particularly on how specific microbial population changes compared to a healthy state. Moreover, treatment failure and BV recurrence rate remain high despite the standard antibiotic treatment. Consequently, researchers have been probing into alternative or adjunct treatments, including probiotics or even vaginal microbiota transplants, to ensure successful treatment outcomes and reduce the colonization by pathogenic microbes of the female reproductive tract. The current review summarizes the latest findings in probiotics use for BV and explores the potential of vaginal microbiota transplants in restoring vaginal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Jane Joseph
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group (NBDD), Microbes and Bioresource Research Strength (MBRS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia; (R.J.J.); (H.-L.S.); (Y.-H.K.); (L.T.-H.T.); (V.L.); (P.P.); (N.-S.A.M.)
| | - Hooi-Leng Ser
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group (NBDD), Microbes and Bioresource Research Strength (MBRS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia; (R.J.J.); (H.-L.S.); (Y.-H.K.); (L.T.-H.T.); (V.L.); (P.P.); (N.-S.A.M.)
| | - Yi-He Kuai
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group (NBDD), Microbes and Bioresource Research Strength (MBRS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia; (R.J.J.); (H.-L.S.); (Y.-H.K.); (L.T.-H.T.); (V.L.); (P.P.); (N.-S.A.M.)
| | - Loh Teng-Hern Tan
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group (NBDD), Microbes and Bioresource Research Strength (MBRS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia; (R.J.J.); (H.-L.S.); (Y.-H.K.); (L.T.-H.T.); (V.L.); (P.P.); (N.-S.A.M.)
- Clinical School Johor Bahru, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Johor Bahru 80100, Malaysia;
| | | | - Vengadesh Letchumanan
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group (NBDD), Microbes and Bioresource Research Strength (MBRS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia; (R.J.J.); (H.-L.S.); (Y.-H.K.); (L.T.-H.T.); (V.L.); (P.P.); (N.-S.A.M.)
| | - Lijing Wang
- Vascular Biology Research Institute, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China;
| | - Priyia Pusparajah
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group (NBDD), Microbes and Bioresource Research Strength (MBRS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia; (R.J.J.); (H.-L.S.); (Y.-H.K.); (L.T.-H.T.); (V.L.); (P.P.); (N.-S.A.M.)
| | - Bey-Hing Goh
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group (BMEX), School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia;
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Nurul-Syakima Ab Mutalib
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group (NBDD), Microbes and Bioresource Research Strength (MBRS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia; (R.J.J.); (H.-L.S.); (Y.-H.K.); (L.T.-H.T.); (V.L.); (P.P.); (N.-S.A.M.)
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), UKM Medical Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Kok-Gan Chan
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- International Genome Centre, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Learn-Han Lee
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group (NBDD), Microbes and Bioresource Research Strength (MBRS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia; (R.J.J.); (H.-L.S.); (Y.-H.K.); (L.T.-H.T.); (V.L.); (P.P.); (N.-S.A.M.)
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Mngomezulu K, Mzobe GF, Mtshali A, Osman F, Liebenberg LJP, Garrett N, Singh R, Rompalo A, Mindel A, Karim SSA, Karim QA, Baxter C, Ngcapu S. Recent Semen Exposure Impacts the Cytokine Response and Bacterial Vaginosis in Women. Front Immunol 2021; 12:695201. [PMID: 34177961 PMCID: PMC8221111 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.695201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The presence of semen in the vagina from unprotected sex may influence the immune and microbial environment of the female genital tract. Inflammatory cytokine concentrations and BV-associated bacteria in female genital secretions may influence HIV risk, although the effect of recent sexual intercourse on incident BV and the cytokine milieu of cervicovaginal secretions has rarely been measured in previous studies. Here, we investigated the extent to which partner semen impacts the cytokine response and incident BV. Methods At baseline, we assessed the recency of semen exposure in menstrual cup supernatants by quantifying prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels using ELISA in 248 HIV-uninfected women at high risk for HIV infection. Luminex was used to measure 48 cytokines in menstrual cup supernatants and vaginal swabs to diagnose BV by Nugent score. Point-of-care screening for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae was conducted using GeneXpert while OSOM was used for Trichomonas vaginalis detection. Multivariable models, adjusted for age, sexually transmitted infections, BV, current contraception use and condom use, were used to assess the impact of semen exposure on biomarkers of inflammation and BV. Results Presence of PSA, indicating recent semen exposure within 48 hours prior to sampling, was observed in menstrual cup supernatants of 17% (43/248) of women. Of these women, 70% (30/43) had self-reported condom use at their last sex act and 84% (36/43) had BV (Nugent score >7). PSA presence was significantly associated with prevalent BV (Relative Risk (RR), 2.609; 95% Confidence Interval (CI), 1.104 - 6.165; p = 0.029). Furthermore, women with detectable PSA had high median concentrations of macrophage inflammatory protein- beta (MIP-1α, p=0.047) and low median concentration of the stem cell growth factor beta (SCGF-β, p=0.038) compared to those without PSA. Conclusion A degree of discordance between self-reports of consistent condom use and PSA positivity was observed. There was also evidence of a relationship between recent semen exposure, BV prevalence and altered cytokine concentrations. These findings suggest that PSA, as a semen biomarker, should be taken into consideration when investigating biological markers in the female genital tract and self-reported condom use in studies on reproductive and sexual health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khanyisile Mngomezulu
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Gugulethu F. Mzobe
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Andile Mtshali
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Farzana Osman
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Lenine J. P. Liebenberg
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Nigel Garrett
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Ravesh Singh
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Microbiology, National Health Laboratory Services, KwaZulu-Natal Academic Complex, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban, South Africa
| | - Anne Rompalo
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Adrian Mindel
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Salim S. Abdool Karim
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Quarraisha Abdool Karim
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Cheryl Baxter
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Sinaye Ngcapu
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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130
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Gupta M, Weinberg JM, Yamauchi PS, Patil A, Grabbe S, Goldust M. Psoriasis: Embarking a dynamic shift in the skin microbiota. J Cosmet Dermatol 2021; 21:1402-1406. [PMID: 34089221 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent interest has arisen regarding the role of microbiome and its composition in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Numerous studies have shown that there are alterations in skin flora arrangement between normal individuals and psoriatic patients. Psoriasis exacerbation could be interconnected with epidermal or mucosal colonization with streptococci, Malassezia, Staphylococcus aureus, or Candida albicans. The role of cutaneous and gut microbiome in psoriasis pathogenesis has recently been studied in both human and animal models. In this review, we try to evaluate various pathogenic mechanisms linking the microbiota and psoriasis. The literature research included peer-reviewed articles which included clinical trials, original reports, and scientific reviews. MEDLINE and PubMed databases were searched from January 1990 to March 2021, including the reference lists of articles meeting our criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinal Gupta
- DNB Dermatology Consultant Dermatologist, Treatwell Skin Centre, Jammu, India
| | | | - Paul S Yamauchi
- Dermatology Institute and Skin Care Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA.,Division of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anant Patil
- Department of Pharmacology, Dr. DY Patil Medical College, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Stephan Grabbe
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mohamad Goldust
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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131
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Kudela E, Liskova A, Samec M, Koklesova L, Holubekova V, Rokos T, Kozubik E, Pribulova T, Zhai K, Busselberg D, Kubatka P, Biringer K. The interplay between the vaginal microbiome and innate immunity in the focus of predictive, preventive, and personalized medical approach to combat HPV-induced cervical cancer. EPMA J 2021; 12:199-220. [PMID: 34194585 PMCID: PMC8192654 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-021-00244-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
HPVs representing the most common sexually transmitted disease are a group of carcinogenic viruses with different oncogenic potential. The immune system and the vaginal microbiome represent the modifiable and important risk factors in HPV-induced carcinogenesis. HPV infection significantly increases vaginal microbiome diversity, leading to gradual increases in the abundance of anaerobic bacteria and consequently the severity of cervical dysplasia. Delineation of the exact composition of the vaginal microbiome and immune environment before HPV acquisition, during persistent/progressive infections and after clearance, provides insights into the complex mechanisms of cervical carcinogenesis. It gives hints regarding the prediction of malignant potential. Relative high HPV prevalence in the general population is a challenge for modern and personalized diagnostics and therapeutic guidelines. Identifying the dominant microbial biomarkers of high-grade and low-grade dysplasia could help us to triage the patients with marked chances of lesion regression or progression. Any unnecessary surgical treatment of cervical dysplasia could negatively affect obstetrical outcomes and sexual life. Therefore, understanding the effect and role of microbiome-based therapies is a breaking point in the conservative management of HPV-associated precanceroses. The detailed evaluation of HPV capabilities to evade immune mechanisms from various biofluids (vaginal swabs, cervicovaginal lavage/secretions, or blood) could promote the identification of new immunological targets for novel individualized diagnostics and therapy. Qualitative and quantitative assessment of local immune and microbial environment and associated risk factors constitutes the critical background for preventive, predictive, and personalized medicine that is essential for improving state-of-the-art medical care in patients with cervical precanceroses and cervical cancer. The review article focuses on the influence and potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications of the local innate immune system and the microbial markers in HPV-related cancers in the context of 3P medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Kudela
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Kollarova 2, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Alena Liskova
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Kollarova 2, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Marek Samec
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Kollarova 2, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Lenka Koklesova
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Kollarova 2, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Veronika Holubekova
- Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Centre Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Tomas Rokos
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Kollarova 2, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Erik Kozubik
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Kollarova 2, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Terezia Pribulova
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Kollarova 2, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Kevin Zhai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, 24144 Doha, Qatar
| | - Dietrich Busselberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, 24144 Doha, Qatar
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
- European Association for Predictive, Preventive and Personalised Medicine, EPMA, 1160 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kamil Biringer
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Kollarova 2, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
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132
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Ma K, Wang W, Liu Y, Bao L, Cui Y, Kang W, Wu Q, Xin X. Insight into the performance and microbial community profiles of magnetite-amended anaerobic digestion: Varying promotion effects at increased loads. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 329:124928. [PMID: 33690060 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In current study, the enhancement effect of magnetite on anaerobic digestion was evaluated at increased organic loading rate (OLR) from 1.6 to 25.6 kg COD·m-3·d-1. The supplement of magnetite enhanced the methane yield by 7-483% accompanied with faster VFAs conversion. Microbial analysis suggested the varied enhancing effect achieved at different OLRs was attributed to different syntrophic interactions triggered by magnetite. More specially, an electroactive syntropy was established between Trichococcus with Methanobacterium at OLR lower than 6.4 kg COD·m-3·d-1, while with the OLR increase, more acid fermentative bacteria (Propionimicrobium, Syner-01) were enriched and further enhanced methanogenesis in a syntrophic way with Methanosaeta. Overall, the incorporation of magnetite was a promising approach to achieve efficient anaerobic digestion, OLR was also critical factor affecting the methanogenesis and should be carefully regulated in future application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaili Ma
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, China; Key Laboratory of Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, China; Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang 453000, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, China; Key Laboratory of Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, China; Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang 453000, China
| | - Yuqing Liu
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, China; Key Laboratory of Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, China; Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang 453000, China
| | - Linlin Bao
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, China; Key Laboratory of Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, China; Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang 453000, China
| | - Yanrui Cui
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, China; Key Laboratory of Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, China; Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang 453000, China
| | - Wei Kang
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, China; Key Laboratory of Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, China; Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang 453000, China
| | - Qing Wu
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, China; Key Laboratory of Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, China; Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang 453000, China
| | - Xiaodong Xin
- Fujian Provincial Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Biochemical Treatment (Huaqiao University), Xiamen 361021, China; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
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133
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Sultan JS, Wang T, Hunte R, Srinivasan S, McWalters J, Tharp GK, Bosinger SE, Fiedler TL, Atrio JM, Murphy K, Barnett R, Ray LR, Krows ML, Fredricks DN, Irungu E, Ngure K, Mugo N, Marrazzo J, Keller MJ, Herold BC. Differences in vaginal microbiota, host transcriptome and proteins in women with bacterial vaginosis are associated with metronidazole treatment response. J Infect Dis 2021; 224:2094-2104. [PMID: 34003290 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacterial vaginosis (BV) treatment failures and recurrences are common. To identify features associated with treatment response, we compared vaginal microbiota and host ectocervical transcriptome before and after oral metronidazole therapy. METHODS Women with BV (Bronx, NY and Thika, Kenya) received 7 days of oral metronidazole at enrollment (Day 0) and underwent genital tract sampling of microbiome (16S rRNA gene sequencing), transcriptome (RNAseq), and immune mediator concentrations on Day 0, 15 and 35. RESULTS Bronx participants were more likely than Thika participants to clinically respond to metronidazole (19/20 vs 10/18, respectively, p=0.0067) and by changes in microbiota composition and diversity. After dichotomizing the cohort into responders and non-responders by change in alpha diversity between Day 35 and Day 0, we identified transcription differences associated with chemokine signaling (q=0.002) and immune system process (q=2.5e-8) that differentiated responders from non-responders were present at enrollment. Responders had significantly lower levels of CXCL9 in cervicovaginal lavage on Day 0 (p< 0.007) and concentrations of CXCL9, CXCL10 and MCP-1 increased significantly between Day 0 and Day 35 in responders versus non-responders. CONCLUSIONS Response to metronidazole is characterized by significant changes in chemokines and related transcripts suggesting that treatments that promote these pathways may prove beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Serebrenik Sultan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Richard Hunte
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Sujatha Srinivasan
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jessica McWalters
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Gregory K Tharp
- Yerkes Genomics Core Laboratory, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Steven E Bosinger
- Yerkes Genomics Core Laboratory, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta,GA, USA
| | - Tina L Fiedler
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jessica M Atrio
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Kerry Murphy
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Rebecca Barnett
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Laurie R Ray
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Meighan L Krows
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle WA, USA
| | - David N Fredricks
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Irungu
- Department of Medicine, Center for Clinical Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Kenneth Ngure
- Department of Medicine, Center for Clinical Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Nelly Mugo
- Department of Medicine, Center for Clinical Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jeanne Marrazzo
- University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Marla J Keller
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Betsy C Herold
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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134
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Menezes MLB, Giraldo PC, Linhares IM, Boldrini NAT, Aragon MG. Brazilian Protocol for Sexually Transmitted infections, 2020: pelvic inflammatory disease. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2021; 54:e2020602. [PMID: 34008722 PMCID: PMC8210479 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-602-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease is a topic included in the Clinical Protocol and Therapeutic Guidelines for Comprehensive Care for People with Sexually Transmitted Infections, published by the Brazilian Ministry of Health in 2020. Pelvic inflammatory disease is an upper female genital tract acute infection due to canalicular spread of endogenous cervicovaginal microorganisms and especially the sexually transmitted microorganisms. Standing out among the etiological agents involved are Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The main sequelae are chronic pelvic pain, infertility, and ectopic pregnancy. Clinical diagnosis is the most important practical approach. Antibiotic treatment must start immediately after the clinical suspicion. Guidelines for health service managers and health professionals on diagnostic tests, treatment, follow-up, counseling, notification, handling sexual partners and special populations are described. Given the increased availability of the molecular biology techniques in Brazil, C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae screening are recommended as a disease prevention strategy. Pelvic inflammatory disease is one of the most significant sexually transmitted infections, and in most cases, it is a main consequence of cervicitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paulo Cesar Giraldo
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Departamento de Tocoginecologia, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - Iara Moreno Linhares
- Universidade de São Paulo, Disciplina de Ginecologia, Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Mayra Gonçalves Aragon
- Ministério da Saúde, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Brasilia, DF, Brasil.,Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Doenças Infecciosas, Vitória, ES, Brasil
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135
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Kumar S, Kumari N, Talukdar D, Kothidar A, Sarkar M, Mehta O, Kshetrapal P, Wadhwa N, Thiruvengadam R, Desiraju BK, Nair GB, Bhatnagar S, Mukherjee S, Das B. The Vaginal Microbial Signatures of Preterm Birth Delivery in Indian Women. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:622474. [PMID: 34094994 PMCID: PMC8169982 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.622474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence of preterm birth (PTB) in India is around 13%. Specific bacterial communities or individual taxon living in the vaginal milieu of pregnant women is a potential risk factor for PTB and may play an important role in its pathophysiology. Besides, bacterial taxa associated with PTB vary across populations. Objective Conduct a comparative analysis of vaginal microbiome composition and microbial genomic repertoires of women who enrolled in the Interdisciplinary Group for Advanced Research on Birth Outcomes – A DBT India Initiative (GARBH-Ini) pregnancy cohort to identify bacterial taxa associated with term birth (TB) and PTB in Indian women. Methods Vaginal swabs were collected during all three trimesters from 38 pregnant Indian women who delivered spontaneous term (n=20) and preterm (n=18) neonates. Paired-end sequencing of V3-V4 region of 16S rRNA gene was performed using the metagenomic DNA isolated from vaginal swabs (n=115). Whole genome sequencing of bacterial species associated with birth outcomes was carried out by shotgun method. Lactobacillus species were grown anaerobically in the De Man, Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) agar culture medium for isolation of genomic DNA and whole genome sequencing. Results Vaginal microbiome of both term and preterm samples reveals similar alpha diversity indices. However, significantly higher abundance of Lactobacillus iners (p-value All_Trimesters<0.02), Megasphaera sp (p-value1st_Trimester <0.05), Gardnerella vaginalis (p-value2nd_Trimester= 0.01) and Sneathia sanguinegens (p-value2nd_Trimester <0.0001) were identified in preterm samples whereas higher abundance of L. gasseri (p-value3rd_Trimester =0.010) was observed in term samples by Wilcoxon rank-sum test. The relative abundance of L. iners, and Megasphaera sp. were found to be significantly different over time between term and preterm mothers. Analyses of the representative genomes of L. crispatus and L. gasseri indicate presence of secretory transcriptional regulator and several ribosomally synthesized antimicrobial peptides correlated with anti-inflammatory condition in the vagina. These findings indicate protective role of L. crispatus and L. gasseri in reducing the risk of PTB. Conclusion Our findings indicate that the dominance of specific Lactobacillus species and few other facultative anaerobes are associated with birth outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakti Kumar
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, National Capital Region (NCR) Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Naina Kumari
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, India
| | - Daizee Talukdar
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, National Capital Region (NCR) Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Akansha Kothidar
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, National Capital Region (NCR) Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Mousumi Sarkar
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, India
| | - Ojasvi Mehta
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, National Capital Region (NCR) Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Pallavi Kshetrapal
- Pediatric Biology Center, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Nitya Wadhwa
- Pediatric Biology Center, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Ramachandran Thiruvengadam
- Pediatric Biology Center, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Bapu Koundinya Desiraju
- Pediatric Biology Center, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - G Balakrish Nair
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, National Capital Region (NCR) Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Shinjini Bhatnagar
- Pediatric Biology Center, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | | | - Bhabatosh Das
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, National Capital Region (NCR) Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
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Coexistence of Three Dominant Bacterial Symbionts in a Social Aphid and Implications for Ecological Adaptation. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12050416. [PMID: 34066350 PMCID: PMC8148176 DOI: 10.3390/insects12050416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Most insects are associated with a variety of symbionts that play a crucial role in insect life history. Symbiosis of aphids and their symbionts is a good model system to study insect–symbiont interactions. Pseudoregma bambucicola is a typical social aphid that lives parthenogenetically throughout the year on bamboos in subtropical areas, and it is the only aphid that exclusively feeds on the hard stalks of bamboo. In this study, we surveyed the symbiotic bacterial community associated with P. bambucicola. Our results showed that the diversity of P. bambucicola microbiome was low, but three symbionts, namely the primary endosymbiont Buchnera and two secondary symbionts (Pectobacterium and Wolbachia), were stable coexisting with a high infection rate. Combined with the biology of P. bambucicola, we speculate that Pectobacterium may help P. bambucicola feed on the stalks of bamboo, and Wolbachia may regulate the loss of sexual reproduction or has a nutritional role in P. bambucicola. These findings will advance our knowledge of the microbiomes of social aphids and set the foundation for further studies on the functional roles of P. bambucicola symbionts. Abstract Aphids are associated with an array of symbionts that have diverse ecological and evolutionary effects on their hosts. To date, symbiont communities of most aphid species are still poorly characterized, especially for the social aphids. In this study, high-throughput 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing was used to assess the bacterial communities of the social aphid Pseudoregma bambucicola, and the differences in bacterial diversity with respect to ant attendance and time series were also assessed. We found that the diversity of symbionts in P. bambucicola was low and three dominant symbionts (Buchnera, Pectobacterium and Wolbachia) were stably coexisting. Pectobacterium may help P. bambucicola feed on the hard bamboo stems, and genetic distance analysis suggests that the Pectobacterium in P. bambucicola may be a new symbiont species. Wolbachia may be associated with the transition of reproduction mode or has a nutritional role in P. bambucicola. Statistical tests on the diversity of bacterial communities in P. bambucicola suggest that aphid populations attended by ants usually have a significantly higher evenness than populations without ant attendance but there was no significant difference among aphid populations from different seasons.
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137
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Chen X, Lu Y, Chen T, Li R. The Female Vaginal Microbiome in Health and Bacterial Vaginosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:631972. [PMID: 33898328 PMCID: PMC8058480 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.631972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The vaginal microbiome is an intricate and dynamic microecosystem that constantly undergoes fluctuations during the female menstrual cycle and the woman’s entire life. A healthy vaginal microbiome is dominated by Lactobacillus which produce various antimicrobial compounds. Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is characterized by the loss or sharp decline in the total number of Lactobacillus and a corresponding marked increase in the concentration of anaerobic microbes. BV is a highly prevalent disorder of the vaginal microbiota among women of reproductive age globally. BV is confirmed to be associated with adverse gynecologic and obstetric outcomes, such as sexually transmitted infections, pelvic inflammatory disease, and preterm birth. Gardnerella vaginalis is the most common microorganism identified from BV. It is the predominant microbe in polymicrobial biofilms that could shelter G. vaginalis and other BV-associated microbes from adverse host environments. Many efforts have been made to increase our understanding of the vaginal microbiome in health and BV. Thus, improved novel and accurate diagnosis and therapeutic strategies for BV have been developed. This review covers the features of vaginal microbiome, BV, BV-associated diseases, and various strategies of diagnosis and treatment of BV, with an emphasis on recent research progresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodi Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinan Maternity and Child Care Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yune Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinan Maternity and Child Care Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinan Maternity and Child Care Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Rongguo Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinan Maternity and Child Care Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
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138
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Theis KR, Florova V, Romero R, Borisov AB, Winters AD, Galaz J, Gomez-Lopez N. Sneathia: an emerging pathogen in female reproductive disease and adverse perinatal outcomes. Crit Rev Microbiol 2021; 47:517-542. [PMID: 33823747 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2021.1905606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sneathia is an emerging pathogen implicated in adverse reproductive and perinatal outcomes. Although scarce, recent data suggest that vaginally residing Sneathia becomes pathogenic following its ascension into the upper urogenital tract, amniotic fluid, placenta, and foetal membranes. The role of Sneathia in women's health and disease is generally underappreciated because the cultivation of these bacteria is limited by their complex nutritional requirements, slow growth patterns, and anaerobic nature. For this reason, molecular methods are typically required for the detection and differential diagnosis of Sneathia infections. Here, we review the laboratory methods used for the diagnosis of Sneathia infections, the molecular mechanisms underlying its virulence, and its sensitivity to antibiotics. We further review the evidence of Sneathia's contributions to the pathogenesis of bacterial vaginosis, chorioamnionitis, preterm prelabour rupture of membranes, spontaneous preterm labour, stillbirth, maternal and neonatal sepsis, HIV infection, and cervical cancer. Collectively, growing evidence indicates that Sneathia represents an important yet underappreciated pathogen affecting the development and progression of several adverse clinical conditions diagnosed in pregnant women and their neonates, as well as in non-pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin R Theis
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Violetta Florova
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.,Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.,Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Andrei B Borisov
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Andrew D Winters
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Jose Galaz
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Nardhy Gomez-Lopez
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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139
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Agarwal K, Lewis AL. Vaginal sialoglycan foraging by Gardnerella vaginalis: mucus barriers as a meal for unwelcome guests? Glycobiology 2021; 31:667-680. [PMID: 33825850 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwab024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a condition of the vaginal microbiome in which there are few lactobacilli and abundant anaerobic bacteria. Members of the genus Gardnerella are often one of the most abundant bacteria in BV. BV is associated with a wide variety of poor health outcomes for women. It has been recognized since the 1980s that women with BV have detectable and sometimes markedly elevated levels of sialidase activity in vaginal fluids and that bacteria associated with this condition produce this activity in culture. Mounting evidence collected using diverse methodologies points to the conclusion that BV is associated with a reduction in intact sialoglycans in cervicovaginal secretions. Here we review evidence for the contributions of vaginal bacteria, especially Gardnerella, in the processes of mucosal sialoglycan degradation, uptake, metabolism and depletion. Our understanding of the impacts of vaginal sialoglycan degradation is still limited. However, the potential implications of sialic acid depletion are discussed in light of our current understanding of the roles played by sialoglycans in vaginal physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Agarwal
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla CA 92093, USA
| | - Amanda L Lewis
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla CA 92093, USA
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140
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Cheng G, Ma T, Deng Z, Gutiérrez-Gamboa G, Ge Q, Xu P, Zhang Q, Zhang J, Meng J, Reiter RJ, Fang Y, Sun X. Plant-derived melatonin from food: a gift of nature. Food Funct 2021; 12:2829-2849. [PMID: 33877242 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo03213a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, people have become increasingly interested in bioactive ingredients from plants, especially antioxidant molecules such as melatonin, which are beneficial to human health. The purpose of this article is to provide new information on plant-derived foods with a high content of melatonin. We comprehensively summarize the content of melatonin in plant-derived foods and discuss the factors that influence melatonin levels to provide new ideas on enhancement. Additionally, we describe the biosynthetic pathway of melatonin and identify its major functions. Medicinal herbs are often rich in melatonin while many vegetables and fruits exhibit somewhat lower levels with wide variations among species. The genetic traits of plants, the phenological stage of the cultivar, the photoperiod, the level of stress to which the plants are exposed at the time of harvest, exposure to agrochemicals and determination methods are the main factors affecting the melatonin content. To date, standardization of uniform sampling times and the use of suitable pretreatments as well as determination methods have not been achieved. The results of the studies reviewed highlight the potentially important role of plant melatonin in influencing the progression of human diseases. Based on the health promotional aspects of melatonin, consuming foods containing higher concentrations of tryptophan and melatonin is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Cheng
- College of Enology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
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141
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Singer M, Koedooder R, Bos MP, Poort L, Schoenmakers S, Savelkoul PHM, Laven JSE, de Jonge JD, Morré SA, Budding AE. The profiling of microbiota in vaginal swab samples using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and IS-pro analysis. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:100. [PMID: 33789573 PMCID: PMC8015044 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02149-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 16S rRNA gene sequencing is currently the most common way of determining the composition of microbiota. This technique has enabled many new discoveries to be made regarding the relevance of microbiota to the health and disease of the host. However, compared to other diagnostic techniques, 16S rRNA gene sequencing is fairly costly and labor intensive, leaving room for other techniques to improve on these aspects. RESULTS The current study aimed to compare the output of 16S rRNA gene sequencing to the output of the quick IS-pro analysis, using vaginal swab samples from 297 women of reproductive age. 16S rRNA gene sequencing and IS-pro analyses yielded very similar vaginal microbiome profiles, with a median Pearson's R2 of 0.97, indicating a high level of similarity between both techniques. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the results of 16S rRNA gene sequencing and IS-pro are highly comparable and that both can be used to accurately determine the vaginal microbiota composition, with the IS-pro analysis having the benefit of rapidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Singer
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Tubascan, Spin-off at the Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - R Koedooder
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 12, Rotterdam, 3015 CN, The Netherlands.
| | - M P Bos
- InBiome B.V, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L Poort
- InBiome B.V, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Schoenmakers
- Division Obstetrics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P H M Savelkoul
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J S E Laven
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 12, Rotterdam, 3015 CN, The Netherlands
| | - J D de Jonge
- ARTPred B.V, Seringenstraat 15, 's Hertogenbosch, 5213 GS, The Netherlands
| | - S A Morré
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Institute of Public Health Genomics, Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Research Institute GROW, Faculty of Health, Medicine & Life Sciences, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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142
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Menezes MLB, Giraldo PC, Linhares IM, Boldrini NAT, Aragón MG. [Brazilian Protocol for Sexually Transmitted Infections 2020: pelvic inflammatory disease]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 30:e2020602. [PMID: 33729405 DOI: 10.1590/s1679-4974202100011.esp1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease is a topic included in the Clinical Protocol and Therapeutic Guidelines for Comprehensive Care for People with Sexually Transmitted Infections, published by the Brazilian Ministry of Health in 2020. Pelvic inflammatory disease is an acute infection of the upper female genital tract due to canalicular spread of endogenous cervicovaginal microorganisms, in particular sexually transmitted organisms. Standing out among the etiological agents involved are Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The most important sequels are chronic pelvic pain, infertility and ectopic pregnancy. Clinical diagnosis is the most important practical approach. Antibiotic treatment should start immediately upon clinical suspicion. The article contains guidance for health service managers and health professionals on diagnostic tests, treatment, follow-up, counseling, notification, handling of sexual partnerships and special populations. In view of increased availability of the molecular biology technique in Brazil, C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae screening is recommended as a disease prevention strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paulo Cesar Giraldo
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Departamento de Tocoginecologia, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - Iara Moreno Linhares
- Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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143
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Up to 30% of women with vaginal symptoms are not assigned a diagnosis after standard diagnostic assessment. METHODS We compared premenopausal women with idiopathic vaginitis (IV) or vulvodynia (VVD) to healthy controls. Microbiota were characterized using rRNA sequencing. Cytokines/chemokines (IL-10, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-2, IL-18, IL-4, IL-9, and IL-13) were measured in vaginal lavage fluid using the Meso Scale Discovery platform or ELISA (IL-1ra). Immunoglobulins were measured in vaginal lavage fluid using a bead-based immunoassay (Millipore). Cases and controls were compared using Kruskal-Wallis, analysis of variance, and linear regression or (for microbiome composition) the Bray-Curtis dissimilarity statistic. RESULTS We compared 20 women with IV, 30 with VVD, and 52 controls. Most (80%) had greater than 90% 16S rRNA gene sequences from Lactobacillus crispatus, L. jensenii, L. gasseri, or L. iners. In analyses adjusted for age and hormonal contraception (HC), Gardnerella vaginalis was less prevalent and abundant in women with VVD (2/30, 7%) versus controls (16/52, 31%) or IV (5/20, 25%) (P = 0.030). Bray-Curtis dissimilarity was not significantly different between IV and controls or VVD. Fungal sequences were only detected in 5 participants: 2 control, 1 IV, 2 VVD. In univariate analysis, cytokines were not associated with diagnosis. Median vaginal concentration of IgE (but not other immunoglobulins) was lower in women with VVD (P = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS Minimal differences in vaginal microbiota and inflammatory markers between women with IV, VVD or controls suggest no striking association between vaginal bacteria, fungi or inflammation and diagnosis in these women.
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144
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Vieira-Baptista P, Silva AR, Costa M, Aguiar T, Saldanha C, Sousa C. Clinical validation of a new molecular test (Seegene Allplex™ Vaginitis) for the diagnosis of vaginitis: a cross-sectional study. BJOG 2021; 128:1344-1352. [PMID: 33540484 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.16661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To validate the use of Seegene Allplex™ Vaginitis assay in the diagnosis of candidiasis, bacterial vaginosis (BV) and trichomoniasis. DESIGN Cross-sectional, prospective study conducted in a single centre. SETTING Outpatient clinic of a gynaecology department. POPULATION Consecutive symptomatic and asymptomatic women (18-60 years of age). METHODS Comparison of the assay test with the reference standards for the diagnosis of vaginitis (cultures for yeasts, Nugent for BV and nucleic acid amplification test for trichomoniasis). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Performance of the investigational assay, in comparison with the reference standards for the diagnosis of the presence of Candida spp., Trichomonas vaginalis and BV. Secondary objectives are the evaluation of the performance of the test in postmenopausal women and in symptomatic women. RESULTS A diagnosis of vaginitis was established in 14.0%. The global prevalences of BV, Candida spp. and T. vaginalis were 22.3%, 13.2% and 2.4%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the assay test for those three causes of vaginitis were as follows: BV 91.7% and 86.6%; any Candida spp. 91.1% and 95.6%; Candida albicans 88.1% and 98.2%, non-albicans Candida 100% and 97.5%, and T. vaginalis 94.4 and 99.9%. The performance of the test was identical in the subgroup of women that reported vulvovaginal symptoms. The presence of multiple infections did not interfere with the performance of the test. CONCLUSIONS The Seegene Allplex™ Vaginitis assay has an excellent performance in the diagnosis of the BV and presence of Candida; the results were good for trichomoniasis, but the study was underpowered for this outcome. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT Seegene Allplex™ Vaginitis is an excellent option for screening and diagnosis of vaginitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Vieira-Baptista
- Hospital Lusíadas Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Lower Genital Tract Unit, Gynaecology Department, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - A R Silva
- LAP, a Unilabs Company, Porto, Portugal
| | - M Costa
- LAP, a Unilabs Company, Porto, Portugal
| | - T Aguiar
- Centro Hospitalar de São João, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - C Sousa
- LAP, a Unilabs Company, Porto, Portugal
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145
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Eastment MC, Balkus JE, Richardson BA, Srinivasan S, Kimani J, Anzala O, Schwebke J, Fiedler TL, Fredricks DN, McClelland RS. Association Between Vaginal Bacterial Microbiota and Vaginal Yeast Colonization. J Infect Dis 2021; 223:914-923. [PMID: 32726445 PMCID: PMC7938175 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaginal yeast is frequently found with Lactobacillus-dominant microbiota. The relationship between vaginal yeast and other bacteria has not been well characterized. METHODS These analyses utilized data from the Preventing Vaginal Infections trial. Relative abundance of vaginal bacteria from 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene amplicon sequencing and quantities of 10 vaginal bacteria using taxon-directed polymerase chain reaction assays were compared at visits with and without detection of yeast on microscopy, culture, or both. RESULTS Higher relative abundances of Megasphaera species type 1 (risk ratio [RR], 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.52-0.95), Megasphaera species type 2 (RR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.67-0.98), and Mageeibacillus indolicus (RR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.25-0.83) were associated with lower risk of detecting yeast. In contrast, higher relative abundances of Bifidobacterium bifidum, Aerococcus christensenii, Lactobacillus mucosae, Streptococcus equinus/infantarius/lutentiensis, Prevotella bivia, Dialister propionicifaciens, and Lactobacillus crispatus/helveticus were associated with yeast detection. Taxon-directed assays confirmed that increasing quantities of both Megasphaera species and M indolicus were associated with lower risk of detecting yeast, whereas increasing quantities of L crispatus were associated with higher risk of detecting yeast. CONCLUSIONS Despite an analysis that examined associations between multiple vaginal bacteria and the presence of yeast, only a small number of vaginal bacteria were strongly and significantly associated with the presence or absence of yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- McKenna C Eastment
- University of Washington, Department of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jennifer E Balkus
- Department of Global Health, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Barbra A Richardson
- Department of Global Health, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Sujatha Srinivasan
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Joshua Kimani
- University of Nairobi, Institute of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Omu Anzala
- Kenya AIDS Vaccine Initiative (KAVI)-Institute of Clinical Research, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jane Schwebke
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Division of Infectious Diseases, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Tina L Fiedler
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - David N Fredricks
- University of Washington, Department of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - R Scott McClelland
- University of Washington, Department of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Global Health, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Seattle, Washington, USA
- University of Nairobi, Institute of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Nairobi, Kenya
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146
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Bulavaitė A, Maier T, Pleckaityte M. Discrimination of Gardnerella Species by Combining MALDI-TOF Protein Profile, Chaperonin cpn60 Sequences, and Phenotypic Characteristics. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10030277. [PMID: 33804525 PMCID: PMC7998583 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10030277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The description of Gardnerella vaginalis was recently updated and three new species, including nine genome species within Gardnerella, were defined using whole genome sequences and matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. A fast and simple method based on readily available techniques would be of immense use to identify Gardnerella species in research and clinical practice. Here we show that 34 previously characterized Gardnerella isolates were assigned to the species using partial chaperonin cpn60 sequences. The MALDI Biotyper from Bruker Daltonik GmbH demonstrated the capability to differentiate the phylogenetically diverse groups composed of G. vaginalis/G. piotii and G. leopoldii/G. swidsinskii. Among the phenotypic properties that characterize Gardnerella species are sialidase and β-galactosidase activities. Our data confirmed that the NanH3 enzyme is responsible for sialidase activity in Gardnerella spp. isolates. Almost all G. piotii isolates displayed a sialidase positive phenotype, whereas the majority of G. vaginalis strains were sialidase negative. G. leopoldii and G. swidskinskii displayed a sialidase negative phenotype. β-galactosidase is produced exclusively in G. vaginalis strains. Earlier determined phenotypic characteristics associated with virulence of Gardnerella isolates now assigned to the defined species may provide insights on how diverse species contribute to shaping the vaginal microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aistė Bulavaitė
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio al. 7, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Thomas Maier
- R&D Bioanalytics, MALDI Biotyper Business Area Microbiology & Diagnostics, Bruker Daltonik GmbH, Fahrenheitstr. 4, 28359 Bremen, Germany;
| | - Milda Pleckaityte
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio al. 7, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania;
- Correspondence:
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147
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Srinivasan S, Beamer MA, Fiedler TL, Austin MN, Sizova MV, Strenk SM, Agnew KJ, Gowda GAN, Raftery D, Epstein SS, Fredricks DN, Hillier SL. Megasphaera lornae sp. nov., Megasphaera hutchinsoni sp. nov., and Megasphaera vaginalis sp. nov.: novel bacteria isolated from the female genital tract. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2021; 71. [PMID: 33616513 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Six strictly anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria representing three novel species were isolated from the female reproductive tract. The proposed type strains for each species were designated UPII 199-6T, KA00182T and BV3C16-1T. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing indicated that the bacterial isolates were members of the genus Megasphaera. UPII 199-6T and KA00182T had 16S rRNA gene sequence identities of 99.9 % with 16S rRNA clone sequences previously amplified from the human vagina designated as Megasphaera type 1 and Megasphaera type 2, members of the human vaginal microbiota associated with bacterial vaginosis, preterm birth and HIV acquisition. UPII 199-6T exhibited sequence identities ranging from 92.9 to 93.6 % with validly named Megasphaera isolates and KA00182T had 16S rRNA gene sequence identities ranging from 92.6-94.2 %. BV3C16-1T was most closely related to Megasphaera cerevisiae with a 16S rRNA gene sequence identity of 95.4 %. Cells were coccoid or diplococcoid, non-motile and did not form spores. Genital tract isolates metabolized organic acids but were asaccharolytic. The isolates also metabolized amino acids. The DNA G+C content for the genome sequences of UPII 199-6T, KA00182T and BV3C16-1T were 46.4, 38.9 and 49.8 mol%, respectively. Digital DNA-DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity between the genital tract isolates and other validly named Megasphaera species suggest that each isolate type represents a new species. The major fatty acid methyl esters include the following: C12 : 0, C16 : 0, C16 : 0 dimethyl acetal (DMA) and summed feature 5 (C15 : 0 DMA and/or C14 : 0 3-OH) in UPII 199-6T; C16 : 0 and C16 : 1 cis 9 in KA00182T; C12 : 0; C14 : 0 3-OH; and summed feature 5 in BV3C16-1T. The isolates produced butyrate, isobutyrate, and isovalerate but there were specific differences including production of formate and propionate. Together, these data indicate that UPII 199-6T, KA00182T and BV3C16-1T represent novel species within the genus Megasphaera. We propose the following names: Megasphaera lornae sp. nov. for UPII 199-6T representing the type strain of this species (=DSM 111201T=ATCC TSD-205T), Megasphaera hutchinsoni sp. nov. for KA00182T representing the type strain of this species (=DSM 111202T=ATCC TSD-206T) and Megasphaera vaginalis sp. nov. for BV3C16-1T representing the type strain of this species (=DSM 111203T=ATCC TSD-207T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujatha Srinivasan
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - May A Beamer
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tina L Fiedler
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Maria V Sizova
- Present address: Evelo Biosciences, 620 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Susan M Strenk
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kathy J Agnew
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - G A Nagana Gowda
- Northwest Metabolomics Research Center and Mitochondrial and Metabolism Center, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Daniel Raftery
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Northwest Metabolomics Research Center and Mitochondrial and Metabolism Center, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Slava S Epstein
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David N Fredricks
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sharon L Hillier
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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148
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Genetic Variation in Toll-Like Receptor 5 and Colonization with Flagellated Bacterial Vaginosis-Associated Bacteria. Infect Immun 2021; 89:IAI.00060-20. [PMID: 33199356 PMCID: PMC8097276 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00060-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a vaginal dysbiotic condition linked to negative gynecological and reproductive sequelae. Flagellated bacteria have been identified in women with BV, including Mobiluncus spp. and BV-associated bacterium-1 (BVAB1), an uncultivated, putatively flagellated species. The host response to flagellin mediated through Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) has not been explored in BV. Using independent discovery and validation cohorts, we examined the hypothesis that TLR5 deficiency-defined by a dominant negative stop codon polymorphism, rs5744168-is associated with an increased risk for BV and increased colonization with flagellated bacteria associated with BV (BVAB1, Mobiluncus curtisii, and Mobiluncus mulieris). TLR5 deficiency was not associated with BV status, and TLR5-deficient women had decreased colonization with BVAB1 in both cohorts. We stimulated HEK-hTLR5-overexpressing NF-κB reporter cells with whole, heat-killed M. mulieris or M. curtisii and with partially purified flagellin from these species; as BVAB1 is uncultivated, we used cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) fluid supernatant from women colonized with BVAB1 for stimulation. While heat-killed M. mulieris and CVL fluid from women colonized with BVAB1 stimulate a TLR5-mediated response, heat-killed M. curtisii did not. In contrast, partially purified flagellin from both Mobiluncus species stimulated a TLR5-mediated response in vitro We observed no correlation between vaginal interleukin 8 (IL-8) and flagellated BVAB concentrations among TLR5-sufficient women. Interspecies variation in accessibility of flagellin recognition domains may be responsible for these observations, as reflected in the potentially novel flagellin products encoded by Mobiluncus species versus those encoded by BVAB1.
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Li T, Liu Z, Zhang Z, Bai H, Zong X, Wang F, Fan L. Comparative analysis of the vaginal microbiome of Chinese women with Trichomonas vaginalis and mixed infection. Microb Pathog 2021; 154:104790. [PMID: 33607218 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The high prevalence and serious long-term sequelae of Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) infection worldwide is of a particular concern; however, data regarding the differences in the composition of the vaginal microbiome in cases of single TV infection or mixed infections (i.e., presence of TV and bacterial vaginosis) are scarce. We employed metagenomic sequencing analyses to study gene expression in the vaginal microbiota of women with single TV infection and mixed infection. Women infected with only TV had significantly higher abundance of Mycoplasma, Prevotella, and Streptococcus compared to women without vaginal infection (control). Women infected with mixed infections had a significantly higher abundance of Mycoplasma, Prevotella, Streptococcus, Anaerococcus, Dialister, Peptostreptococcus, Peptoniphilus and a significantly lower abundance of Lactobacillus than TV alone. Mixed infections had a significantly higher abundance of Prevotella, Anaerococcus and Dialister. Our findings suggest that the bacterial community composition varies among healthy women, women with TV alone, and those with mixed infection, and we hypothesize that these bacterial vaginosis (BV)-associated bacterium may play a role in the pathogenesis and recurrence of TV. Probiotic pessaries may necessarily be the answer because shifting the vaginal microbiome and host responses is probably a complex undertaking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- Department of Gynecology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaohui Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhan Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huihui Bai
- Department of Microecological Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaonan Zong
- Department of Gynecology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fengjuan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Linyuan Fan
- Department of Gynecology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Kumari S, Bhor VM. Association of cervicovaginal dysbiosis mediated HPV infection with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Microb Pathog 2021; 152:104780. [PMID: 33545325 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cellular transformation to malignancy is a multifactorial process strongly linked with microbiome dysbiosis. The female reproductive tract (FRT) is inhabited by specific Lactobacillus spp which play a significant role in maintaining a homeostatic balance and providing resistance to perturbation. Any imbalance in the resident microbiota of the FRT results in cervicovaginal dysbiosis and increased predisposition to viral and bacterial infections. In the present review, we discuss the critical role played by the cervicovaginal microbiome in maintaining cervicovaginal homeostasis. Loss of the mutualistic relationship between cervicovaginal microbiota and the host leads to increased susceptibility to Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection. HPV in coinfection with Chlamydia trachomatis has been linked with increased risk for cellular transformation. The progression to cervical neoplasia is a multistep process regulated by cellular and epigenetic changes mediated by oncogenes and miRNA. Exosomes derived from the infected cells play an important role in the pathological development and progression to cervical neoplasia as they harbor the regulatory molecules like miRNA, proteins and prooncogenic factors which may facilitate cellular transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Kumari
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, GIS, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, 530045, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| | - Vikrant M Bhor
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Microbiology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (ICMR-NIRRH), Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai, 400 012, Maharashtra, India.
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