101
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Jayash SN, Hashim NM, Misran M, Baharuddin NA. In vitro evaluation of osteoprotegerin in chitosan for potential bone defect applications. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2229. [PMID: 27635307 PMCID: PMC5012333 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B (RANK)/RANK ligand/osteoprotegerin (OPG) system plays a critical role in bone remodelling by regulating osteoclast formation and activity. OPG has been used systemically in the treatment of bone diseases. In searching for more effective and safer treatment for bone diseases, we investigated newly formulated OPG-chitosan complexes, which is prepared as a local application for its osteogenic potential to remediate bone defects. Methods We examined high, medium and low molecular weights of chitosan combined with OPG. The cytotoxicity of OPG in chitosan and its proliferation in vitro was evaluated using normal, human periodontal ligament (NHPL) fibroblasts in 2D and 3D cell culture. The cytotoxicity of these combinations was compared by measuring cell survival with a tetrazolium salt reduction (MTT) assay and AlamarBlue assay. The cellular morphological changes were observed under an inverted microscope. A propidium iodide and acridine orange double-staining assay was used to evaluate the morphology and quantify the viable and nonviable cells. The expression level of osteopontin and osteocalcin protein in treated normal human osteoblast cells was evaluated by using Western blot. Results The results demonstrated that OPG in combination with chitosan was non-toxic, and OPG combined with low molecular weight chitosan has the most significant effect on NHPL fibroblasts and stimulates proliferation of cells over the period of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soher Nagi Jayash
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Najihah M Hashim
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya,Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia; Centre For Natural Products And Drug Discovery (CENAR), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya,Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia
| | - Misni Misran
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - N A Baharuddin
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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102
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Pradhan S, Hassani I, Clary JM, Lipke EA. Polymeric Biomaterials for In Vitro Cancer Tissue Engineering and Drug Testing Applications. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2016; 22:470-484. [PMID: 27302080 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2015.0567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Biomimetic polymers and materials have been widely used in tissue engineering for regeneration and replication of diverse types of both normal and diseased tissues. Cancer, being a prevalent disease throughout the world, has initiated substantial interest in the creation of tissue-engineered models for anticancer drug testing. The development of these in vitro three-dimensional (3D) culture models using novel biomaterials has facilitated the investigation of tumorigenic and associated biological phenomena with a higher degree of complexity and physiological context than that provided by established two-dimensional culture models. In this review, an overview of a wide range of natural, synthetic, and hybrid biomaterials used for 3D cancer cell culture and investigation of cancer cell behavior is presented. The role of these materials in modulating cell-matrix interactions and replicating specific tumorigenic characteristics is evaluated. In addition, recent advances in biomaterial design, synthesis, and fabrication are also assessed. Finally, the advantages of incorporating polymeric biomaterials in 3D cancer models for obtaining efficacy data in anticancer drug testing applications are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shantanu Pradhan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University , Auburn, Alabama
| | - Iman Hassani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University , Auburn, Alabama
| | - Jacob M Clary
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University , Auburn, Alabama
| | - Elizabeth A Lipke
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University , Auburn, Alabama
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103
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Theodoraki MA, Rezende CO, Chantarasriwong O, Corben AD, Theodorakis EA, Alpaugh ML. Spontaneously-forming spheroids as an in vitro cancer cell model for anticancer drug screening. Oncotarget 2016; 6:21255-67. [PMID: 26101913 PMCID: PMC4673263 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The limited translational value in clinic of analyses performed on 2-D cell cultures has prompted a shift toward the generation of 3-dimensional (3-D) multicellular systems. Here we present a spontaneously-forming in vitro cancer spheroid model, referred to as spheroidsMARY-X, that precisely reflects the pathophysiological features commonly found in tumor tissues and the lymphovascular embolus. In addition, we have developed a rapid, inexpensive means to evaluate response following drug treatment where spheroid dissolution indices from brightfield image analyses are used to construct dose-response curves resulting in relevant IC50 values. Using the spheroidsMARY-X model, we demonstrate the unique ability of a new class of molecules, containing the caged Garcinia xanthone (CGX) motif, to induce spheroidal dissolution and apoptosis at IC50 values of 0.42 +/−0.02 μM for gambogic acid and 0.66 +/−0.02 μM for MAD28. On the other hand, treatment of spheroidsMARY-X with various currently approved chemotherapeutics of solid and blood-borne cancer types failed to induce any response as indicated by high dissolution indices and subsequent poor IC50 values, such as 7.8 +/−3.1 μM for paclitaxel. Our studies highlight the significance of the spheroidsMARY-X model in drug screening and underscore the potential of the CGX motif as a promising anticancer pharmacophore.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Celso O Rezende
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California - San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Oraphin Chantarasriwong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California - San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Adriana D Corben
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emmanuel A Theodorakis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California - San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mary L Alpaugh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California - San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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104
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Melrose J. The knee joint loose body as a source of viable autologous human chondrocytes. Eur J Histochem 2016; 60:2645. [PMID: 27349321 PMCID: PMC4933832 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2016.2645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Loose bodies are fragments of cartilage or bone present in the synovial fluid. In the present study we assessed if loose bodies could be used as a source of autologous human chondrocytes for experimental purposes. Histochemical examination of loose bodies and differential enzymatic digestions were undertaken, the isolated cells were cultured in alginate bead microspheres and immunolocalisations were undertaken for chondrogenic markers such as aggrecan, and type II collagen. Isolated loose body cells had high viability (≥90% viable), expressed chondrogenic markers (aggrecan, type II collagen) but no type I collagen. Loose bodies may be a useful source of autologous chondrocytes of high viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Melrose
- Royal North Shore Hospital University of Sydney University of NSW.
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105
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Zang R, Zhang X, Sun J, Yang ST. In vitro 3-D multicellular models for cytotoxicity assay and drug screening. Process Biochem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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106
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ZEEBERG KATRINE, CARDONE ROSAANGELA, GRECO MARIARAFFAELLA, SACCOMANO MARA, NØHR-NIELSEN ASBJØRN, ALVES FRAUKE, PEDERSEN STINEFALSIG, RESHKIN STEPHANJOEL. Assessment of different 3D culture systems to study tumor phenotype and chemosensitivity in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Int J Oncol 2016; 49:243-52. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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107
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Ham SL, Joshi R, Thakuri PS, Tavana H. Liquid-based three-dimensional tumor models for cancer research and drug discovery. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 241:939-54. [PMID: 27072562 PMCID: PMC4950350 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216643772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors are three-dimensional tissues where close contacts between cancer cells, intercellular interactions between cancer and stromal cells, adhesion of cancer cells to the extracellular matrix, and signaling of soluble factors modulate functions of cancer cells and their response to therapeutics. Three-dimensional cultures of cancer cells overcome limitations of traditionally used monolayer cultures and recreate essential characteristics of tumors such as spatial gradients of oxygen, growth factors, and metabolites and presence of necrotic, hypoxic, quiescent, and proliferative cells. As such, three-dimensional tumor models provide a valuable tool for cancer research and oncology drug discovery. Here, we describe different tumor models and primarily focus on a model known as tumor spheroid. We summarize different technologies of spheroid formation, and discuss the use of spheroids to address the influence of stromal fibroblasts and immune cells on cancer cells in tumor microenvironment, study cancer stem cells, and facilitate compound screening in the drug discovery process. We review major techniques for quantification of cellular responses to drugs and discuss challenges ahead to enable broad utility of tumor spheroids in research laboratories, integrate spheroid models into drug development and discovery pipeline, and use primary tumor cells for drug screening studies to realize personalized cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L Ham
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA
| | - Ramila Joshi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA
| | - Pradip S Thakuri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA
| | - Hossein Tavana
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA
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108
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Sutherland JJ, Jolly RA, Goldstein KM, Stevens JL. Assessing Concordance of Drug-Induced Transcriptional Response in Rodent Liver and Cultured Hepatocytes. PLoS Comput Biol 2016; 12:e1004847. [PMID: 27028627 PMCID: PMC4814051 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of drugs, disease and other perturbations on mRNA levels are studied using gene expression microarrays or RNA-seq, with the goal of understanding molecular effects arising from the perturbation. Previous comparisons of reproducibility across laboratories have been limited in scale and focused on a single model. The use of model systems, such as cultured primary cells or cancer cell lines, assumes that mechanistic insights derived from the models would have been observed via in vivo studies. We examined the concordance of compound-induced transcriptional changes using data from several sources: rat liver and rat primary hepatocytes (RPH) from Drug Matrix (DM) and open TG-GATEs (TG), human primary hepatocytes (HPH) from TG, and mouse liver / HepG2 results from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) repository. Gene expression changes for treatments were normalized to controls and analyzed with three methods: 1) gene level for 9071 high expression genes in rat liver, 2) gene set analysis (GSA) using canonical pathways and gene ontology sets, 3) weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Co-expression networks performed better than genes or GSA when comparing treatment effects within rat liver and rat vs. mouse liver. Genes and modules performed similarly at Connectivity Map-style analyses, where success at identifying similar treatments among a collection of reference profiles is the goal. Comparisons between rat liver and RPH, and those between RPH, HPH and HepG2 cells reveal lower concordance for all methods. We observe that the baseline state of untreated cultured cells relative to untreated rat liver shows striking similarity with toxicant-exposed cells in vivo, indicating that gross systems level perturbation in the underlying networks in culture may contribute to the low concordance. Gene expression studies in model systems are widely used for understanding the mechanism of drugs and other perturbations in biological systems. Other researchers have examined the reproducibility of microarray studies between laboratories, or comparing microarrays and/or RNA sequencing. However, no large scale studies have compared results from protocols which differ in minor details, or results generated in vivo vs. in vitro culture systems thought to serve as useful models. The rat liver is by far the most extensively studied model evaluating effects of drugs and other perturbations, and existing data allowed us to assess the level of concordance between rat liver and rat primary hepatocytes cultured in collagen-coated plates (i.e. “flat” culture) for hundreds of drugs. We found that the mouse liver serves as a better model of the rat liver than do rat primary hepatocytes, even after allowing for differences due to pharmacokinetics. The low concordance observed between rat liver and rat hepatocytes suggests that validating the utility of ‘omics data generated on emerging cell culture approaches (e.g. “organ-on-a-chip”, 3D-printed tissues) using rat cells and comparison to the rat liver may be necessary in order to gain confidence these approaches substantially improve on traditional culture models of human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J. Sutherland
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JJS); (JLS)
| | - Robert A. Jolly
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Keith M. Goldstein
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - James L. Stevens
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JJS); (JLS)
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109
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Cardoso TC, Sakamoto SS, Stockmann D, Souza TFB, Ferreira HL, Gameiro R, Vieira FV, Louzada MJQ, Andrade AL, Flores EF. A three-dimensional cell culture system as an in vitro canine mammary carcinoma model for the expression of connective tissue modulators. Vet Comp Oncol 2016; 15:582-593. [PMID: 26991309 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In this study, derived complex carcinoma (CC) and simple carcinoma (SC) cell lines were established and cultured under two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) conditions. The 3D was performed in six-well AlgiMatrix™ (LifeTechnologies®, Carlsbad, CA, USA) scaffolds, resulting in spheroids sized 50-125 µm for CC and 175-200 µm for SC. Cell viability was demonstrated up to 14 days for both models. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was expressed in CC and SC in both systems. However, higher mRNA and protein levels were observed in SC 2D and 3D systems when compared with CC (P < 0.005). The connective tissue modulators, metalloproteinases-1, -2, -9 and -13 (MMPs), relaxin receptors 1 and 2 (RXR1 and RXR2) and E-cadherin (CDH1) were quantitated. All were upregulated similarly when canine mammary tumour (CMT)-derived cell lines were cultured under 3D AlgiMatrix, except CDH1 that was downregulated (P < 0.005). These results are promising towards the used of 3D system to increase a high throughput in vitro canine tumour model.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Cardoso
- Veterinary Medicine School, Department of Support, Production and Animal Health, University of São Paulo State, Laboratory of Animal Virology and Cell Culture, Araçatuba, Brazil.,Veterinary Medicine School, Department of Clinical, Surgery and Animal Reproduction, University of São Paulo State, Veterinary Hospital Section, Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - S S Sakamoto
- Veterinary Medicine School, Department of Clinical, Surgery and Animal Reproduction, University of São Paulo State, Veterinary Hospital Section, Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - D Stockmann
- Veterinary Medicine School, Department of Clinical, Surgery and Animal Reproduction, University of São Paulo State, Veterinary Hospital Section, Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - T F B Souza
- Veterinary Medicine School, Department of Clinical, Surgery and Animal Reproduction, University of São Paulo State, Veterinary Hospital Section, Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - H L Ferreira
- Department of de Veterinary Medicine, Faculdade Zotecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos-USP, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - R Gameiro
- Veterinary Medicine School, Department of Support, Production and Animal Health, University of São Paulo State, Laboratory of Animal Virology and Cell Culture, Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - F V Vieira
- Veterinary Medicine School, Department of Support, Production and Animal Health, University of São Paulo State, Laboratory of Animal Virology and Cell Culture, Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - M J Q Louzada
- Veterinary Medicine School, Department of Support, Production and Animal Health, University of São Paulo State, Laboratory of Animal Virology and Cell Culture, Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - A L Andrade
- Veterinary Medicine School, Department of Clinical, Surgery and Animal Reproduction, University of São Paulo State, Veterinary Hospital Section, Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - E F Flores
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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110
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Fang JY, Tan SJ, Wu YC, Yang Z, Hoang BX, Han B. From competency to dormancy: a 3D model to study cancer cells and drug responsiveness. J Transl Med 2016; 14:38. [PMID: 26847768 PMCID: PMC4743174 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-0798-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The heterogeneous and dynamic tumor microenvironment has significant impact on cancer cell proliferation, invasion, drug response, and is probably associated with entering dormancy and recurrence. However, these complex settings are hard to recapitulate in vitro. Methods In this study, we mimic different restriction forces that tumor cells are exposed to using a physiologically relevant 3D model with tunable mechanical stiffness. Results Breast cancer MDA-MB-231, colon cancer HCT-116 and pancreatic cancer CFPAC cells embedded in the stiffer gels exhibit a changed morphology and cluster formation, prolonged doubling time, and a slower metabolism rate, recapitulating the pathway from competency to dormancy. Altering environmental restriction allows them to re-enter and exit dormant conditions and change their sensitivities to drugs such as paclitaxol and gemcitabine. Cells surviving drug treatments can still regain competent growth and form tumors in vivo. Conclusion We have successfully developed an in vitro 3D model to mimic the effects of matrix restriction on tumor cells and this high throughput model can be used to study tumor cellular functions and their drug responses in their different states. This all in one platform may aid effective drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Y Fang
- Nimni-Cordoba Tissue Engineering and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Departments of Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1333 San Pablo St., BMT 302, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
| | - Shih-Jye Tan
- Nimni-Cordoba Tissue Engineering and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Departments of Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1333 San Pablo St., BMT 302, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
| | - Yi-Chen Wu
- Nimni-Cordoba Tissue Engineering and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Departments of Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1333 San Pablo St., BMT 302, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
| | - Zhi Yang
- Nimni-Cordoba Tissue Engineering and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Departments of Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1333 San Pablo St., BMT 302, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
| | - Ba X Hoang
- Nimni-Cordoba Tissue Engineering and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Departments of Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1333 San Pablo St., BMT 302, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
| | - Bo Han
- Nimni-Cordoba Tissue Engineering and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Departments of Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1333 San Pablo St., BMT 302, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
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111
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Curtis LT, England CG, Wu M, Lowengrub J, Frieboes HB. An interdisciplinary computational/experimental approach to evaluate drug-loaded gold nanoparticle tumor cytotoxicity. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 11:197-216. [PMID: 26829163 PMCID: PMC4910950 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.15.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Clinical translation of cancer nanotherapy has largely failed due to the infeasibility of optimizing the complex interaction of nano/drug/tumor/patient parameters. We develop an interdisciplinary approach modeling diffusive transport of drug-loaded gold nanoparticles in heterogeneously-vascularized tumors. MATERIALS & METHODS Evaluated lung cancer cytotoxicity to paclitaxel/cisplatin using novel two-layer (hexadecanethiol/phosphatidylcholine) and three-layer (with high-density-lipoprotein) nanoparticles. Computer simulations calibrated to in-vitro data simulated nanotherapy of heterogeneously-vascularized tumors. RESULTS Evaluation of free-drug cytotoxicity between monolayer/spheroid cultures demonstrates a substantial differential, with increased resistance conferred by diffusive transport. Nanoparticles had significantly higher efficacy than free-drug. Simulations of nanotherapy demonstrate 9.5% (cisplatin) and 41.3% (paclitaxel) tumor radius decrease. CONCLUSION Interdisciplinary approach evaluating gold nanoparticle cytotoxicity and diffusive transport may provide insight into cancer nanotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis T Curtis
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, KY, USA
| | | | - Min Wu
- Department of Engineering Sciences & Applied Mathematics, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - John Lowengrub
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Hermann B Frieboes
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Louisville, KY, USA
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, KY, USA
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112
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Santo VE, Estrada MF, Rebelo SP, Abreu S, Silva I, Pinto C, Veloso SC, Serra AT, Boghaert E, Alves PM, Brito C. Adaptable stirred-tank culture strategies for large scale production of multicellular spheroid-based tumor cell models. J Biotechnol 2016; 221:118-29. [PMID: 26815388 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Currently there is an effort toward the development of in vitro cancer models more predictive of clinical efficacy. The onset of advanced analytical tools and imaging technologies has increased the utilization of spheroids in the implementation of high throughput approaches in drug discovery. Agitation-based culture systems are commonly proposed as an alternative method for the production of tumor spheroids, despite the scarce experimental evidence found in the literature. In this study, we demonstrate the robustness and reliability of stirred-tank cultures for the scalable generation of 3D cancer models. We developed standardized protocols to a panel of tumor cell lines from different pathologies and attained efficient tumor cell aggregation by tuning hydrodynamic parameters. Large numbers of spheroids were obtained (typically 1000-1500 spheroids/mL) presenting features of native tumors, namely morphology, proliferation and hypoxia gradients, in a cell line-dependent mode. Heterotypic 3D cancer models, based on co-cultures of tumor cells and fibroblasts, were also established in the absence or presence of additional physical support from an alginate matrix, with maintenance of high cell viability. Altogether, we demonstrate that 3D tumor cell model production in stirred-tank culture systems is a robust and versatile approach, providing reproducible tools for drug screening and target verification in pre-clinical oncology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vítor E Santo
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2780-901 Oeiras, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Marta F Estrada
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2780-901 Oeiras, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Sofia P Rebelo
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2780-901 Oeiras, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Sofia Abreu
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2780-901 Oeiras, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Inês Silva
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2780-901 Oeiras, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Catarina Pinto
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2780-901 Oeiras, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Susana C Veloso
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2780-901 Oeiras, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ana Teresa Serra
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2780-901 Oeiras, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | | | - Paula M Alves
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2780-901 Oeiras, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Catarina Brito
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2780-901 Oeiras, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
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113
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Kumari J, Karande AA, Kumar A. Combined Effect of Cryogel Matrix and Temperature-Reversible Soluble-Insoluble Polymer for the Development of in Vitro Human Liver Tissue. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:264-277. [PMID: 26654271 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b08607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic cell culture on a three-dimensional (3D) matrix or as a hepatosphere appears to be a promising in vitro biomimetic system for liver tissue engineering applications. In this study, we have combined the concept of a 3D scaffold and a spheroid culture to develop an in vitro model to engineer liver tissue for drug screening. We have evaluated the potential of poly(ethylene glycol)-alginate-gelatin (PAG) cryogel matrix for in vitro culture of human liver cell lines. The synthesized cryogel matrix has a flow rate of 7 mL/min and water uptake capacity of 94% that enables easy nutrient transportation in the in vitro cell culture. Young's modulus of 2.4 kPa and viscoelastic property determine the soft and elastic nature of synthesized cryogel. Biocompatibility of PAG cryogel was evaluated through MTT assay of HepG2 and Huh-7 cells on matrices. The proliferation and functionality of the liver cells were enhanced by culturing hepatic cells as spheroids (hepatospheres) on the PAG cryogel using temperature-reversible soluble-insoluble polymer, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm). Pore size of the cryogel above 100 μm modulated spheroid size that can prevent hypoxia condition within the spheroid culture. Both the hepatic cells have shown a significant difference (P < 0.05) in terms of cell number and functionality when cultured with PNIPAAm. After 10 days of culture using 0.05% PNIPAAm, the cell number increased by 11- and 7-fold in case of HepG2 and Huh-7 cells, respectively. Similarly, after 10 days of hepatic spheroids culture on PAG cryogel, the albumin production, urea secretion, and CYP450 activity were significantly higher in case of culture with PNIPAAm. The developed tissue mass on the PAG cryogel in the presence of PNIPAAm possess polarity, which was confirmed using F-actin staining and by presence of intercellular bile canalicular lumen. The developed cryogel matrix supports liver cells proliferation and functionality and therefore can be used for in vitro and in vivo drug testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Kumari
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur , Kanpur, 208016 UP, India
| | - Anjali A Karande
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Sciences , Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur , Kanpur, 208016 UP, India
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Kuhl S, Voss E, Scherer A, Lusche DF, Wessels D, Soll DR. 4D Tumorigenesis Model for Quantitating Coalescence, Directed Cell Motility and Chemotaxis, Identifying Unique Cell Behaviors, and Testing Anticancer Drugs. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1407:229-50. [PMID: 27271907 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3480-5_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A 4D high-resolution computer-assisted reconstruction and motion analysis system has been developed and applied to the long-term (14-30 days) analysis of cancer cells migrating and aggregating within a 3D matrix. 4D tumorigenesis models more closely approximate the tumor microenvironment than 2D substrates and, therefore, are improved tools for elucidating the interactions within the tumor microenvironment that promote growth and metastasis. The model we describe here can be used to analyze the growth of tumor cells, aggregate coalescence, directed cell motility and chemotaxis, matrix degradation, the effects of anticancer drugs, and the behavior of immune and endothelial cells mixed with cancer cells. The information given in this chapter is also intended to acquaint the reader with computer-assisted methods and algorithms that can be used for high-resolution 3D reconstruction and quantitative motion analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer Kuhl
- W.M. Keck Dynamic Image Analysis Facility, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Edward Voss
- W.M. Keck Dynamic Image Analysis Facility, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Amanda Scherer
- W.M. Keck Dynamic Image Analysis Facility, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Daniel F Lusche
- W.M. Keck Dynamic Image Analysis Facility, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Deborah Wessels
- W.M. Keck Dynamic Image Analysis Facility, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - David R Soll
- Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, 302 Biology Building East, 210 Iowa Avenue, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
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Alginate: Current Use and Future Perspectives in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications. INT J POLYM SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1155/2016/7697031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, alginates, natural multifunctional polymers, have increasingly drawn attention as attractive compounds in the biomedical and pharmaceutical fields due to their unique physicochemical properties and versatile biological activities. The focus of the paper is to describe biological and pharmacological activity of alginates and to discuss the present use and future possibilities of alginates as a tool in drug formulation. The recent technological advancements with using alginates, issues related to alginates suitability as matrix for three-dimensional tissue cultures, adjuvants of antibiotics, and antiviral agents in cell transplantation in diabetes or neurodegenerative diseases treatment, and an update on the antimicrobial and antiviral therapy of the alginate based drugs are also highlighted.
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Sarkar J, Kumar A. Thermo-responsive polymer aided spheroid culture in cryogel based platform for high throughput drug screening. Analyst 2016; 141:2553-67. [DOI: 10.1039/c6an00356g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A versatile and widely applicable cryogel-based high throughput platform for spheroid culture in the presence of a thermo-responsive polymer and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Sarkar
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering and Centre for Environmental Sciences and Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kanpur-208016
- India
| | - A. Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering and Centre for Environmental Sciences and Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kanpur-208016
- India
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AlgiMatrix™-Based 3D Cell Culture System as an In Vitro Tumor Model: An Important Tool in Cancer Research. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1379:117-28. [PMID: 26608295 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3191-0_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Routinely used two-dimensional cell culture-based models often fail while translating the observations into in vivo models. This setback is more common in cancer research, due to several reasons. The extracellular matrix and cell-to-cell interactions are not present in two-dimensional (2D) cell culture models. Diffusion of drug molecules into cancer cells is hindered by barriers of extracellular components in in vivo conditions, these barriers are absent in 2D cell culture models. To better mimic or simulate the in vivo conditions present in tumors, the current study used the alginate based three-dimensional cell culture (AlgiMatrix™) model, which resembles close to the in vivo tumor models. The current study explains the detailed protocols involved in AlgiMatrix™ based in vitro non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) models. The suitability of this model was studied by evaluating, cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and penetration of nanoparticles into the in vitro tumor spheroids. This study also demonstrated the effect of EphA2 receptor targeted docetaxel-loaded nanoparticles on MDA-MB-468 TNBC cell lines. The methods section is subdivided into three subsections such as (1) preparation of AlgiMatrix™-based 3D in vitro tumor models and cytotoxicity assays, (2) free drug and nanoparticle uptake into spheroid studies, and (3) western blot, IHC, and RT-PCR studies.
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de la Puente P, Muz B, Gilson RC, Azab F, Luderer M, King J, Achilefu S, Vij R, Azab AK. 3D tissue-engineered bone marrow as a novel model to study pathophysiology and drug resistance in multiple myeloma. Biomaterials 2015; 73:70-84. [PMID: 26402156 PMCID: PMC4917006 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most prevalent hematological malignancy and it remains incurable despite the introduction of several novel drugs. The discrepancy between preclinical and clinical outcomes can be attributed to the failure of classic two-dimensional (2D) culture models to accurately recapitulate the complex biology of MM and drug responses observed in patients. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We developed 3D tissue engineered bone marrow (3DTEBM) cultures derived from the BM supernatant of MM patients to incorporate different BM components including MM cells, stromal cells, and endothelial cells. Distribution and growth were analyzed by confocal imaging, and cell proliferation of cell lines and primary MM cells was tested by flow cytometry. Oxygen and drug gradients were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry, and drug resistance was studied by flow cytometry. RESULTS 3DTEBM cultures allowed proliferation of MM cells, recapitulated their interaction with the microenvironment, recreated 3D aspects observed in the bone marrow niche (such as oxygen and drug gradients), and induced drug resistance in MM cells more than 2D or commercial 3D tissue culture systems. CONCLUSIONS 3DTEBM cultures not only provide a better model for investigating the pathophysiology of MM, but also serve as a tool for drug development and screening in MM. In the future, we will use the 3DTEBM cultures for developing personalized therapeutic strategies for individual MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar de la Puente
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Biology Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Barbara Muz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Biology Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rebecca C Gilson
- Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Feda Azab
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Biology Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Micah Luderer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Biology Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Justin King
- Section of Stem Cell Transplant and Leukemia, Division of Medical Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Samuel Achilefu
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ravi Vij
- Section of Stem Cell Transplant and Leukemia, Division of Medical Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Abdel Kareem Azab
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Biology Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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Stadler M, Walter S, Walzl A, Kramer N, Unger C, Scherzer M, Unterleuthner D, Hengstschläger M, Krupitza G, Dolznig H. Increased complexity in carcinomas: Analyzing and modeling the interaction of human cancer cells with their microenvironment. Semin Cancer Biol 2015; 35:107-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Martinez NJ, Titus SA, Wagner AK, Simeonov A. High-throughput fluorescence imaging approaches for drug discovery using in vitro and in vivo three-dimensional models. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2015; 10:1347-61. [PMID: 26394277 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2015.1091814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION High-resolution microscopy using fluorescent probes is a powerful tool to investigate individual cell structure and function, cell subpopulations and mechanisms underlying cellular responses to drugs. Additionally, responses to drugs more closely resemble those seen in vivo when cells are physically connected in three-dimensional (3D) systems (either 3D cell cultures or whole organisms), as opposed to traditional monolayer cultures. Combined, the use of imaging-based 3D models in the early stages of drug development has the potential to generate biologically relevant data that will increase the likelihood of success for drug candidates in human studies. AREAS COVERED The authors discuss current methods for the culturing of cells in 3D as well as approaches for the imaging of whole-animal models and 3D cultures that are amenable to high-throughput settings and could be implemented to support drug discovery campaigns. Furthermore, they provide critical considerations when discussing imaging these 3D systems for high-throughput chemical screenings. EXPERT OPINION Despite widespread understanding of the limitations imposed by the two-dimensional versus the 3D cellular paradigm, imaging-based drug screening of 3D cellular models is still limited, with only a few screens found in the literature. Image acquisition in high throughput, accurate interpretation of fluorescent signal, and uptake of staining reagents can be challenging, as the samples are in essence large aggregates of cells. The authors recognize these shortcomings that need to be overcome before the field can accelerate the utilization of these technologies in large-scale chemical screens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia J Martinez
- a National Institutes of Health, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences , Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Steven A Titus
- a National Institutes of Health, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences , Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Amanda K Wagner
- a National Institutes of Health, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences , Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Anton Simeonov
- a National Institutes of Health, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences , Rockville, MD 20850, USA
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Zustiak SP, Dadhwal S, Medina C, Steczina S, Chehreghanianzabi Y, Ashraf A, Asuri P. Three-dimensional matrix stiffness and adhesive ligands affect cancer cell response to toxins. Biotechnol Bioeng 2015; 113:443-52. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.25709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Smritee Dadhwal
- Department of Bioengineering; Santa Clara University; Santa Clara California
| | - Carlos Medina
- Department of Bioengineering; Santa Clara University; Santa Clara California
| | - Sonette Steczina
- Department of Bioengineering; Santa Clara University; Santa Clara California
| | | | - Anisa Ashraf
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Saint Louis University; St. Louis Missouri
| | - Prashanth Asuri
- Department of Bioengineering; Santa Clara University; Santa Clara California
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Wang Q, Tang X, Luo X, de Voogd NJ, Li P, Li G. (+)- and (-)-Spiroreticulatine, A Pair of Unusual Spiro Bisheterocyclic Quinoline-imidazole Alkaloids from the South China Sea Sponge Fascaplysinopsis reticulata. Org Lett 2015; 17:3458-61. [PMID: 26126146 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b01503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A pair of novel bisheterocyclic quinoline-imidazole alkaloids, (+)- and (-)-spiroreticulatine (1), were isolated from the South China Sea sponge Fascaplysinopsis reticulata. The structures and absolute configurations were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic analysis, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and quantum chemical calculation methods. Spiroreticulatine is the first example of a sponge-derived natural spiro quinoline-imidazole alkaloid that may derive from tryptophan and 1,3-dimethylurea. Compound 1 showed inhibitory activity on IL-2 production but inactive against normal tumor cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- †Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuli Tang
- ‡College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangchao Luo
- †Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Nicole J de Voogd
- §National Museum of Natural History, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Pinglin Li
- †Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqiang Li
- †Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
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Zhong L, Gou J, Deng N, Shen H, He T, Zhang BQ. Three-dimensional co-culture of hepatic progenitor cells and mesenchymal stem cells in vitro and in vivo. Microsc Res Tech 2015; 78:688-96. [PMID: 26031767 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Here we co-cultured hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to investigate whether the co-culture environments could increase hepatocytes form. METHODS Three-dimensional (3D) co-culture model of HPCs and MSCs was developed and morphological features of cells were continuously observed. Hepatocyte specific markers Pou5f1/Oct4, AFP, CK-18 and Alb were analyzed to confirm the differentiation of HPCs. The mRNA expression of CK-18 and Alb was analyzed by RT-PCR to investigate the influence of co-culture model to the terminal differentiation process of mature hepatocytes. The functional properties of hepatocyte-like cells were detected by continuously monitoring the albumin secretion using Gaussia luciferase assays. Scaffolds with HPCs and MSCs were implanted into nude mouse subcutaneously to set up the in vivo co-culture model. RESULTS Although two groups formed smooth spheroids and high expressed of CK-18 and Alb, hybrid spheroids had more regular structures and higher cell density. CK-18 and Alb mRNA were at a relatively higher expression level in co-culture system during the whole cultivation time (P < 0.05). Albumin secretion rates in the hybrid spheroids had been consistently higher than that in the mono-culture spheroids (P < 0.05). In vivo, the hepatocyte-like cells were consistent with the morphological features of mature hepatocytes and more well-differentiated hepatocyte-like cells were observed in the co-culture group. CONCLUSIONS HPCs and MSCs co-culture system is an efficient way to form well-differentiated hepatocyte-like cells, hence, may be helpful to the cell therapy of hepatic tissues and alleviate the problem of hepatocytes shortage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1st Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Juhua Gou
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1st Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Nian Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1st Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Hao Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1st Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Tongchuan He
- Department of Surgery, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, the University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, 60637
| | - Bing-Qiang Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1st Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
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Shakibaei M, Kraehe P, Popper B, Shayan P, Goel A, Buhrmann C. Curcumin potentiates antitumor activity of 5-fluorouracil in a 3D alginate tumor microenvironment of colorectal cancer. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:250. [PMID: 25884903 PMCID: PMC4406109 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1291-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To overcome the limitations of animal-based experiments, 3D culture models mimicking the tumor microenvironment in vivo are gaining attention. Herein, we investigated an alginate-based 3D scaffold for screening of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) or/and curcumin on malignancy of colorectal cancer cells (CRC). METHODS The potentiation effects of curcumin on 5-FU against proliferation and metastasis of HCT116 cell and its corresponding isogenic 5-FU-chemoresistant cells (HCT116R) were examined in a 3D-alginate tumor model. RESULTS CRC cells encapsulated in alginate were able to proliferate in 3D-colonospheres in a vivo-like phenotype and invaded from alginate. During cultivation of cells in alginate, we could isolate 3 stages of cells, (1) alginate proliferating (2) invasive and (3) adherent cells. Tumor-promoting factors (CXCR4, MMP-9, NF-κB) were significantly increased in the proliferating and invasive compared to the adherent cells, however HCT116R cells overexpressed factors in comparison to the parental HCT116, suggesting an increase in malignancy behavior. In alginate, curcumin potentiated 5-FU-induced decreased capacity for proliferation, invasion and increased more sensitivity to 5-FU of HCT116R compared to the HCT116 cells. IC50 for HCT116 to 5-FU was 8nM, but co-treatment with 5 μM curcumin significantly reduced 5-FU concentrations in HCT116 and HCT116R cells (0.8nM, 0.1nM, respectively) and these effects were accompanied by down-regulation of NF-κB activation and NF-κB-regulated gene products. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that the alginate provides an excellent tumor microenvironment and indicate that curcumin potentiates and chemosensitizes HCT116R cells to 5-FU-based chemotherapy that may be useful for the treatment of CRC and to overcome drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Shakibaei
- Institute of Anatomy, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Pettenkoferstrasse 11, D-80336, Munich, Germany.
| | - Patricia Kraehe
- Institute of Anatomy, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Pettenkoferstrasse 11, D-80336, Munich, Germany.
| | - Bastian Popper
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, D-80336, Munich, Germany.
| | - Parviz Shayan
- Investigating Institute of Molecular Biological System Transfer, Tehran, 1417863171, Iran.
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, 141556453, Iran.
| | - Ajay Goel
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Laboratory, Division of Gastroenterology, Baylor Research Institute and Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Constanze Buhrmann
- Institute of Anatomy, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Pettenkoferstrasse 11, D-80336, Munich, Germany.
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Andersen T, Auk-Emblem P, Dornish M. 3D Cell Culture in Alginate Hydrogels. MICROARRAYS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2015; 4:133-61. [PMID: 27600217 PMCID: PMC4996398 DOI: 10.3390/microarrays4020133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This review compiles information regarding the use of alginate, and in particular alginate hydrogels, in culturing cells in 3D. Knowledge of alginate chemical structure and functionality are shown to be important parameters in design of alginate-based matrices for cell culture. Gel elasticity as well as hydrogel stability can be impacted by the type of alginate used, its concentration, the choice of gelation technique (ionic or covalent), and divalent cation chosen as the gel inducing ion. The use of peptide-coupled alginate can control cell-matrix interactions. Gelation of alginate with concomitant immobilization of cells can take various forms. Droplets or beads have been utilized since the 1980s for immobilizing cells. Newer matrices such as macroporous scaffolds are now entering the 3D cell culture product market. Finally, delayed gelling, injectable, alginate systems show utility in the translation of in vitro cell culture to in vivo tissue engineering applications. Alginate has a history and a future in 3D cell culture. Historically, cells were encapsulated in alginate droplets cross-linked with calcium for the development of artificial organs. Now, several commercial products based on alginate are being used as 3D cell culture systems that also demonstrate the possibility of replacing or regenerating tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pia Auk-Emblem
- FMC BioPolymer AS, Industriveien 33, 1337 Sandvika, Norway.
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Scherer A, Kuhl S, Wessels D, Lusche DF, Hanson B, Ambrose J, Voss E, Fletcher E, Goldman C, Soll DR. A computer-assisted 3D model for analyzing the aggregation of tumorigenic cells reveals specialized behaviors and unique cell types that facilitate aggregate coalescence. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118628. [PMID: 25790299 PMCID: PMC4366230 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We have developed a 4D computer-assisted reconstruction and motion analysis system, J3D-DIAS 4.1, and applied it to the reconstruction and motion analysis of tumorigenic cells in a 3D matrix. The system is unique in that it is fast, high-resolution, acquires optical sections using DIC microscopy (hence there is no associated photoxicity), and is capable of long-term 4D reconstruction. Specifically, a z-series at 5 μm increments can be acquired in less than a minute on tissue samples embedded in a 1.5 mm thick 3D Matrigel matrix. Reconstruction can be repeated at intervals as short as every minute and continued for 30 days or longer. Images are converted to mathematical representations from which quantitative parameters can be derived. Application of this system to cancer cells from established lines and fresh tumor tissue has revealed unique behaviors and cell types not present in non-tumorigenic lines. We report here that cells from tumorigenic lines and tumors undergo rapid coalescence in 3D, mediated by specific cell types that we have named “facilitators” and “probes.” A third cell type, the “dervish”, is capable of rapid movement through the gel and does not adhere to it. These cell types have never before been described. Our data suggest that tumorigenesis in vitro is a developmental process involving coalescence facilitated by specialized cells that culminates in large hollow spheres with complex architecture. The unique effects of select monoclonal antibodies on these processes demonstrate the usefulness of the model for analyzing the mechanisms of anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Scherer
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Institute, Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank, Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, United States of America
| | - Spencer Kuhl
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Institute, Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank, Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, United States of America
| | - Deborah Wessels
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Institute, Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank, Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, United States of America
| | - Daniel F. Lusche
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Institute, Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank, Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, United States of America
| | - Brett Hanson
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Institute, Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank, Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, United States of America
| | - Joseph Ambrose
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Institute, Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank, Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, United States of America
| | - Edward Voss
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Institute, Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank, Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, United States of America
| | - Emily Fletcher
- Mercy Hospital System of Des Moines, Des Moines, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Charles Goldman
- Mercy Hospital System of Des Moines, Des Moines, Iowa, United States of America
| | - David R. Soll
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Institute, Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank, Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Yang Y, Yang X, Zou J, Jia C, Hu Y, Du H, Wang H. Evaluation of photodynamic therapy efficiency using an in vitro three-dimensional microfluidic breast cancer tissue model. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:735-744. [PMID: 25428803 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc01065e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In recognition of the limitations of monolayer cell cultures and resource-intensive animal studies, a microfluidic culture system was developed for creation of physiologically relevant three-dimensional (3D) tissues. In this study, an in vitro 3D breast cancer tissue model was established in a microfluidic system with human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) and primary adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs). It was evaluated for utility in determining the efficiency of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with therapeutic agents (i.e. photosensitizer and gold nanoparticles) under various irradiation conditions. We demonstrated, for the first time, the potential use of a microfluidic-based in vitro 3D breast cancer model for effective evaluation of PDT, with the capability of controlling 3D microenvironments for breast cancer tissue formation, real-time monitoring of tissue progression, implementing a circulation-like dynamic medium flow and drug supplements, and investigating the relation between light penetration and tissue depth in PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamin Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA.
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128
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Subia B, Dey T, Sharma S, Kundu SC. Target specific delivery of anticancer drug in silk fibroin based 3D distribution model of bone-breast cancer cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:2269-2279. [PMID: 25557227 DOI: 10.1021/am506094c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
To avoid the indiscriminating action of anticancer drugs, the cancer cell specific targeting of drug molecule becomes a preferred choice for the treatment. The successful screening of the drug molecules in 2D culture system requires further validation. The failure of target specific drug in animal model raises the issue of creating a platform in between the in vitro (2D) and in vivo animal testing. The metastatic breast cancer cells migrate and settle at different sites such as bone tissue. This work evaluates the in vitro 3D model of the breast cancer and bone cells to understand the cellular interactions in the presence of a targeted anticancer drug delivery system. The silk fibroin based cytocompatible 3D scaffold is used as in vitro 3D distribution model. Human breast adenocarcinoma and osteoblast like cells are cocultured to evaluate the efficiency of doxorubicin loaded folic acid conjugated silk fibroin nanoparticle as drug delivery system. Decreasing population of the cancer cells, which lower the levels of vascular endothelial growth factors, glucose consumption, and lactate production are observed in the drug treated coculture constructs. The drug treated constructs do not show any major impact on bone mineralization. The diminished expression of osteogenic markers such as osteocalcein and alkaline phosphatase are recorded. The result indicates that this type of silk based 3D in vitro coculture model may be utilized as a bridge between the traditional 2D and animal model system to evaluate the new drug molecule (s) or to reassay the known drug molecules or to develop target specific drug in cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bano Subia
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur , Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
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129
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Cell viability assessment using the Alamar blue assay: A comparison of 2D and 3D cell culture models. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 29:124-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2014.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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130
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Mas C, Boda B, CaulFuty M, Huang S, Wiszniewski L, Constant S. Antitumour efficacy of the selumetinib and trametinib MEK inhibitors in a combined human airway-tumour-stroma lung cancer model. J Biotechnol 2015; 205:111-9. [PMID: 25615947 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 12/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
With more than 1 million deaths worldwide every year, lung cancer remains an area of unmet need. Accessible human in vitro 3D tissue models are required to improve preclinical predictivity. OncoCilAir™ is a new in vitro model of Non Small Cell Lung Cancer which combines a reconstituted human airway epithelium, human lung fibroblasts and lung adenocarcinoma cell lines. Remarkably, we found that in this 3D microenvironment tumour cells expand by forming nodules, mimicking a human lung cancer feature. OncoCilAir™ mutated for KRAS and expressing the green fluorescent protein were used to test the antitumour potential of the investigational MEK inhibitors selumetinib and trametinib. As primary endpoint, changes in tumour size were assessed by fluorescence measurements. Tumours showed a reduced growth in response to the MEK inhibitors, but halting the selumetinib dosing resulted in tumour relapse. Importantly, toxicity study on the normal part of the cultures revealed that the airway epithelium integrity was also affected by anticancer drug treatments. These results highlight the possibility to assess simultaneously drug efficacy, drug side-effect and tumour recurrence within a single culture model. OncoCilAir™ heralds a new generation of integrated in vitro tumour models that should be valuable tools for drug development, while reducing animal testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Mas
- OncoTheis Sàrl, 14 chemin des aulx, CH-1228 Plan-les-Ouates, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Bernadett Boda
- OncoTheis Sàrl, 14 chemin des aulx, CH-1228 Plan-les-Ouates, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Song Huang
- Epithelix Sàrl, Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland
| | | | - Samuel Constant
- OncoTheis Sàrl, 14 chemin des aulx, CH-1228 Plan-les-Ouates, Geneva, Switzerland; Epithelix Sàrl, Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland
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131
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Ravi M, Paramesh V, Kaviya SR, Anuradha E, Solomon FDP. 3D cell culture systems: advantages and applications. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:16-26. [PMID: 24912145 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 651] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cell cultures are important material of study for the variety of advantages that they offer. Both established continuous cell lines and primary cell cultures continue to be invaluable for basic research and for direct applications. Technological advancements are necessary to address emerging complex challenges and the way cells are cultured in vitro is an area of intense activity. One important advancement in cell culture techniques has been the introduction of three dimensional culture systems. This area is one of the fastest growing experimental approaches in life sciences. Augmented with advancements in cell imaging and analytical systems, as well as the applications of new scaffolds and matrices, cells have been increasingly grown as three dimensional models. Such cultures have proven to be closer to in vivo natural systems, thus proving to be useful material for many applications. Here, we review the three dimensional way of culturing cells, their advantages, the scaffolds and matrices currently available, and the applications of such cultures in major areas of life sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddaly Ravi
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Technology and Research, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai, India
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132
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Lu M, Zhou F, Hao K, Liu J, Chen Q, Ni P, Zhou H, Wang G, Zhang J. Alternation of adriamycin penetration kinetics in MCF-7 cells from 2D to 3D culture based on P-gp expression through the Chk2/p53/NF-κB pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 93:210-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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133
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Wolfram J, Zhu M, Yang Y, Shen J, Gentile E, Paolino D, Fresta M, Nie G, Chen C, Shen H, Ferrari M, Zhao Y. Safety of Nanoparticles in Medicine. Curr Drug Targets 2015; 16:1671-81. [PMID: 26601723 PMCID: PMC4964712 DOI: 10.2174/1389450115666140804124808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Nanomedicine involves the use of nanoparticles for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. During the past two decades, a growing number of nanomedicines have received regulatory approval and many more show promise for future clinical translation. In this context, it is important to evaluate the safety of nanoparticles in order to achieve biocompatibility and desired activity. However, it is unwarranted to make generalized statements regarding the safety of nanoparticles, since the field of nanomedicine comprises a multitude of different manufactured nanoparticles made from various materials. Indeed, several nanotherapeutics that are currently approved, such as Doxil and Abraxane, exhibit fewer side effects than their small molecule counterparts, while other nanoparticles (e.g. metallic and carbon-based particles) tend to display toxicity. However, the hazardous nature of certain nanomedicines could be exploited for the ablation of diseased tissue, if selective targeting can be achieved. This review discusses the mechanisms for molecular, cellular, organ, and immune system toxicity, which can be observed with a subset of nanoparticles. Strategies for improving the safety of nanoparticles by surface modification and pretreatment with immunomodulators are also discussed. Additionally, important considerations for nanoparticle safety assessment are reviewed. In regards to clinical application, stricter regulations for the approval of nanomedicines might not be required. Rather, safety evaluation assays should be adjusted to be more appropriate for engineered nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Wolfram
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience & Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Motao Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience & Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jianliang Shen
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Emanuela Gentile
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Health Science, University Magna Grœcia of Catanzaro, Germaneto 88100, Italy
| | - Donatella Paolino
- Department of Health Science, University Magna Grœcia of Catanzaro, Germaneto 88100, Italy
| | - Massimo Fresta
- Department of Health Science, University Magna Grœcia of Catanzaro, Germaneto 88100, Italy
| | - Guangjun Nie
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience & Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chunying Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience & Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Haifa Shen
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Mauro Ferrari
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience & Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China
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134
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Unger C, Kramer N, Walzl A, Scherzer M, Hengstschläger M, Dolznig H. Modeling human carcinomas: physiologically relevant 3D models to improve anti-cancer drug development. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 79-80:50-67. [PMID: 25453261 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Anti-cancer drug development is inefficient, mostly due to lack of efficacy in human patients. The high fail rate is partly due to the lack of predictive models or the inadequate use of existing preclinical test systems. However, progress has been made and preclinical models were improved or newly developed, which all account for basic features of solid cancers, three-dimensionality and heterotypic cell interaction. Here we give an overview of available in vivo and in vitro models of cancer, which meet the criteria of being 3D and mirroring human tumor-stroma interactions. We only focus on drug response models without touching models for pharmacokinetic and dynamic, toxicity or delivery aspects.
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135
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Leong DT, Ng KW. Probing the relevance of 3D cancer models in nanomedicine research. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 79-80:95-106. [PMID: 24996135 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
For decades, 2D cell culture format on plastic has been the main workhorse in cancer research. Though many important understandings of cancer cell biology were derived using this platform, it is not a fair representation of the in vivo scenario. In this review, both established and new 3D cell culture systems are discussed with specific references to anti-cancer drug and nanomedicine applications. 3D culture systems exploit more realistic spatial, biochemical and cellular heterogeneity parameters to bridge the experimental gap between in vivo and in vitro settings when studying the performance and efficacy of novel nanomedicine strategies to manage cancer. However, the complexities associated with 3D culture systems also necessitate greater technical expertise in handling and characterizing in order to arrive at meaningful experimental conclusions. Finally, we have also provided future perspectives where cutting edge 3D culture technologies may be combined with under-explored technologies to build better in vitro cancer platforms.
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136
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Cameron RB. STAT3, Cten, and lung cancer: simultaneous excitement and caution. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2014; 149:376-7. [PMID: 25439466 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2014.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert B Cameron
- Divisions of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, Calif.
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137
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Le VM, Lang MD, Shi WB, Liu JW. A collagen-based multicellular tumor spheroid model for evaluation of the efficiency of nanoparticle drug delivery. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 44:540-4. [PMID: 25315504 DOI: 10.3109/21691401.2014.968820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Targeted drug delivery systems, especially those that use nanoparticles, have been the focus of research into cancer therapy during the last decade, to improve the bioavailability and delivery of anticancer drugs to specific tumor sites, thereby reducing the toxicity and side effects to normal tissues. However, the positive antitumor effects of these nanocarriers observed in conventional monolayer cultures frequently fail in vivo, due to the lack of physical and biological barriers resembling those seen in the actual body. Therefore, the collagen-based 3-D multicellular culture system, to screen new nanocarriers for drug delivery and to obtain more adequate and better prediction of therapeutic outcomes in preclinical experiments, was developed. This 3-D culture model was successfully established using optimized density of cells. Our result showed that 3-D cell colonies were successfully developed from 95-D, U87 and HCT116 cell lines respectively, after a seven-day culture in the collagen matrix. The coumarin-conjugated nanoparticles were able to penetrate the matrix gel to reach the tumor cells. The model is supposedly more accurate in reflecting/predicting the dynamics and therapeutic outcomes of candidates for drug transport in vivo, and/or investigation of tumor biology, thus speeding up the pace of discovery of novel drug delivery systems for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van-Minh Le
- a Department of Molecular & Cellular Pharmacology , Biomedical Nanotechnology Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering & Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , P.R. China
| | - Mei-Dong Lang
- b Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , China
| | - Wei-Bin Shi
- c Department of General Surgery , Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University , Shanghai , P.R. China
| | - Jian-Wen Liu
- a Department of Molecular & Cellular Pharmacology , Biomedical Nanotechnology Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering & Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , P.R. China
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138
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Jahnke HG, Poenick S, Maschke J, Kendler M, Simon JC, Robitzki AA. Direct chemosensitivity monitoring ex vivo on undissociated melanoma tumor tissue by impedance spectroscopy. Cancer Res 2014; 74:6408-18. [PMID: 25267064 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-0813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Stage III/IV melanoma remains incurable in most cases due to chemotherapeutic resistance. Thus, predicting and monitoring chemotherapeutic responses in this setting offer great interest. To overcome limitations of existing assays in evaluating the chemosensitivity of dissociated tumor cells, we developed a label-free monitoring system to directly analyze the chemosensitivity of undissociated tumor tissue. Using a preparation of tumor micro-fragments (TMF) established from melanoma biopsies, we characterized the tissue organization and biomarker expression by immunocytochemistry. Robust generation of TMF was established successfully and demonstrated on a broad range of primary melanoma tumors and tumor metastases. Organization and biomarker expression within the TMF were highly comparable with tumor tissue, in contrast to dissociated, cultivated tumor cells. Using isolated TMF, sensitivity to six clinically relevant chemotherapeutic drugs (dacarbazine, doxorubicin, paclitaxel, cisplatin, gemcitabine, and treosulfan) was determined by impedance spectroscopy in combination with a unique microcavity array technology we developed. In parallel, comparative analyses were performed on monolayer tumor cell cultures. Lastly, we determined the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents on TMF by impedance spectroscopy to obtain individual chemosensitivity patterns. Our results demonstrated nonpredictable differences in the reaction of tumor cells to chemotherapy in TMF by comparison with dissociated, cultivated tumor cells. Our direct impedimetric analysis of melanoma biopsies offers a direct ex vivo system to more reliably predict patient-specific chemosensitivity patterns and to monitor antitumor efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinz-Georg Jahnke
- Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BBZ), Molecular Biological-Biochemical Processing Technology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sarah Poenick
- Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BBZ), Molecular Biological-Biochemical Processing Technology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jan Maschke
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig Germany
| | - Michael Kendler
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig Germany
| | - Jan C Simon
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig Germany
| | - Andrea A Robitzki
- Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BBZ), Molecular Biological-Biochemical Processing Technology, Leipzig, Germany.
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139
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Mohamed MS, Veeranarayanan S, Baliyan A, Poulose AC, Nagaoka Y, Minegishi H, Iwai S, Shimane Y, Yoshida Y, Maekawa T, Kumar DS. Structurally Distinct Hybrid Polymer/Lipid Nanoconstructs Harboring a Type-I Ribotoxin as Cellular Imaging and Glioblastoma-Directed Therapeutic Vectors. Macromol Biosci 2014; 14:1696-711. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201400248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 07/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Sheikh Mohamed
- Bio Nano Electronics Research Center; Graduate School of Interdisciplinary New Science Toyo University; Kawagoe Saitama 350-8585 Japan
| | - Srivani Veeranarayanan
- Bio Nano Electronics Research Center; Graduate School of Interdisciplinary New Science Toyo University; Kawagoe Saitama 350-8585 Japan
| | - Ankur Baliyan
- Bio Nano Electronics Research Center; Graduate School of Interdisciplinary New Science Toyo University; Kawagoe Saitama 350-8585 Japan
| | - Aby Cheruvathoor Poulose
- Bio Nano Electronics Research Center; Graduate School of Interdisciplinary New Science Toyo University; Kawagoe Saitama 350-8585 Japan
| | - Yutaka Nagaoka
- Bio Nano Electronics Research Center; Graduate School of Interdisciplinary New Science Toyo University; Kawagoe Saitama 350-8585 Japan
| | - Hiroaki Minegishi
- Bio Nano Electronics Research Center; Graduate School of Interdisciplinary New Science Toyo University; Kawagoe Saitama 350-8585 Japan
| | - Seiki Iwai
- Bio Nano Electronics Research Center; Graduate School of Interdisciplinary New Science Toyo University; Kawagoe Saitama 350-8585 Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Shimane
- Bio Nano Electronics Research Center; Graduate School of Interdisciplinary New Science Toyo University; Kawagoe Saitama 350-8585 Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Yoshida
- Bio Nano Electronics Research Center; Graduate School of Interdisciplinary New Science Toyo University; Kawagoe Saitama 350-8585 Japan
| | - Toru Maekawa
- Bio Nano Electronics Research Center; Graduate School of Interdisciplinary New Science Toyo University; Kawagoe Saitama 350-8585 Japan
| | - D. Sakthi Kumar
- Bio Nano Electronics Research Center; Graduate School of Interdisciplinary New Science Toyo University; Kawagoe Saitama 350-8585 Japan
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140
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Dyakova L, Culita DC, Marinescu G, Alexandrov M, Kalfin R, Patron L, Alexandrova R. Metal Zn(II), Cu(II), Ni (II) complexes of ursodeoxycholic acid as putative anticancer agents. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2014; 28:543-551. [PMID: 26019542 PMCID: PMC4433944 DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2014.927973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of metal [Zn(II), Cu(II), Ni(II)] complexes with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) on the viability and proliferation of tumour and non-tumour cells. Cell lines established from retrovirus-transformed chicken hepatoma (LSCC-SF-Mc29) and rat sarcoma (LSR-SF-SR) as well as from human cancers of the breast (MCF-7), uterine cervix (HeLa), lung (A549) and liver (HepG2) were used as model systems. Non-tumour human embryo (Lep-3) cells were also included in some of the experiments. The investigations were carried out by the thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) test, neutral red uptake cytotoxicity assay, crystal violet staining, double staining with acridine orange and propidium iodide and the colony-forming method. The results obtained revealed that: (1) UDCA and its metal complexes in the tested concentrations decreased (to a varying degree) the viability and proliferation of the treated cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner; (2) chicken hepatoma (LSCC-SF-Mc29) cells were most sensitive to the cytotoxic and antiproliferative action of the compounds tested, followed by rat sarcoma (LSR-SF-SR) cells; (3) Cu‒UDCA and Ni‒UDCA were more effective against animal LSCC-SF-Mc29 and LSR-SF-SR cells, while Zn‒UDCA significantly decreased the viability and proliferation of human tumour cell lines; (4) applied independently, UDCA expressed lower cytotoxic/cytostatic activity as compared to metal complexes; and (5) the sensitivity of the non-tumour embryonic Lep-3 cells to the effects of UDCA and its metal complexes was comparable or even higher than those of the human tumour cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lora Dyakova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Department of Synaptic Signaling and Communications, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences , Sofia , Bulgaria
| | | | - Gabriela Marinescu
- Institute of Physical Chemistry 'Ilie Murgulescu', Romanian Academy , Bucharest , Romania
| | - Marin Alexandrov
- Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum, Department of Pathology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences , Sofia , Bulgaria
| | - Reni Kalfin
- Institute of Neurobiology, Department of Synaptic Signaling and Communications, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences , Sofia , Bulgaria
| | - Luminita Patron
- Institute of Physical Chemistry 'Ilie Murgulescu', Romanian Academy , Bucharest , Romania
| | - Radostina Alexandrova
- Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum, Department of Pathology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences , Sofia , Bulgaria
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141
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Lü WD, Zhang L, Wu CL, Liu ZG, Lei GY, Liu J, Gao W, Hu YR. Development of an acellular tumor extracellular matrix as a three-dimensional scaffold for tumor engineering. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103672. [PMID: 25072252 PMCID: PMC4114977 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor engineering is defined as the construction of three-dimensional (3D) tumors in vitro with tissue engineering approaches. The present 3D scaffolds for tumor engineering have several limitations in terms of structure and function. To get an ideal 3D scaffold for tumor culture, A549 human pulmonary adenocarcinoma cells were implanted into immunodeficient mice to establish xenotransplatation models. Tumors were retrieved at 30-day implantation and sliced into sheets. They were subsequently decellularized by four procedures. Two decellularization methods, Tris-Trypsin-Triton multi-step treatment and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) treatment, achieved complete cellular removal and thus were chosen for evaluation of histological and biochemical properties. Native tumor tissues were used as controls. Human breast cancer MCF-7 cells were cultured onto the two 3D scaffolds for further cell growth and growth factor secretion investigations, with the two-dimensional (2D) culture and cells cultured onto the Matrigel scaffolds used as controls. Results showed that Tris-Trypsin-Triton multi-step treated tumor sheets had well-preserved extracellular matrix structures and components. Their porosity was increased but elastic modulus was decreased compared with the native tumor samples. They supported MCF-7 cell repopulation and proliferation, as well as expression of growth factors. When cultured within the Tris-Trypsin-Triton treated scaffold, A549 cells and human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (SW-480) had similar behaviors to MCF-7 cells, but human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells (KYSE-510) had a relatively slow cell repopulation rate. This study provides evidence that Tris-Trypsin-Triton treated acellular tumor extracellular matrices are promising 3D scaffolds with ideal spatial arrangement, biomechanical properties and biocompatibility for improved modeling of 3D tumor microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Dong Lü
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tumor Hospital of Shaanxi Province, Affiliated to the Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, PR China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Chun-Lin Wu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Zhi-Gang Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tumor Hospital of Shaanxi Province, Affiliated to the Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, PR China
| | - Guang-Yan Lei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tumor Hospital of Shaanxi Province, Affiliated to the Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, PR China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tumor Hospital of Shaanxi Province, Affiliated to the Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, PR China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tumor Hospital of Shaanxi Province, Affiliated to the Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, PR China
| | - Ye-Rong Hu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, PR China
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142
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LEE SANGHAK, NAM JAEKOOK, PARK JONGKOOK, LEE JOOHO, MIN DOSIK, KUH HYOJEONG. Differential protein expression and novel biomarkers related to 5-FU resistance in a 3D colorectal adenocarcinoma model. Oncol Rep 2014; 32:1427-34. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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143
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Dolega ME, Wagh J, Gerbaud S, Kermarrec F, Alcaraz JP, Martin DK, Gidrol X, Picollet-D’hahan N. Facile bench-top fabrication of enclosed circular microchannels provides 3D confined structure for growth of prostate epithelial cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99416. [PMID: 24945245 PMCID: PMC4063722 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a simple bench-top method to fabricate enclosed circular channels for biological experiments. Fabricating the channels takes less than 2 hours by using glass capillaries of various diameters (from 100 µm up to 400 µm) as a mould in PDMS. The inner surface of microchannels prepared in this way was coated with a thin membrane of either Matrigel or a layer-by-layer polyelectrolyte to control cellular adhesion. The microchannels were then used as scaffolds for 3D-confined epithelial cell culture. To show that our device can be used with several epithelial cell types from exocrine glandular tissues, we performed our biological studies on adherent epithelial prostate cells (non-malignant RWPE-1 and invasive PC3) and also on breast (non-malignant MCF10A) cells We observed that in static conditions cells adhere and proliferate to form a confluent layer in channels of 150 µm in diameter and larger, whereas cellular viability decreases with decreasing diameter of the channel. Matrigel and PSS (poly (sodium 4-styrenesulphonate)) promote cell adhesion, whereas the cell proliferation rate was reduced on the PAH (poly (allylamine hydrochloride))-terminated surface. Moreover infusing channels with a continuous flow did not induce any cellular detachment. Our system is designed to simply grow cells in a microchannel structure and could be easily fabricated in any biological laboratory. It offers opportunities to grow epithelial cells that support the formation of a light. This system could be eventually used, for example, to collect cellular secretions, or study cell responses to graduated hypoxia conditions, to chemicals (drugs, siRNA, …) and/or physiological shear stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika E. Dolega
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, iRTSV-BGE, Grenoble, France
- CEA, iRTSV-BGE, Grenoble, France
- INSERM, BGE, Grenoble, France
| | - Jayesh Wagh
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, iRTSV-BGE, Grenoble, France
- CEA, iRTSV-BGE, Grenoble, France
- INSERM, BGE, Grenoble, France
| | - Sophie Gerbaud
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, iRTSV-BGE, Grenoble, France
- CEA, iRTSV-BGE, Grenoble, France
- INSERM, BGE, Grenoble, France
| | - Frederique Kermarrec
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, iRTSV-BGE, Grenoble, France
- CEA, iRTSV-BGE, Grenoble, France
- INSERM, BGE, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Donald K. Martin
- UJF-Grenoble 1, CNRS, TIMC-IMAG UMR 5525 (SyNaBi), Grenoble, France
| | - Xavier Gidrol
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, iRTSV-BGE, Grenoble, France
- CEA, iRTSV-BGE, Grenoble, France
- INSERM, BGE, Grenoble, France
| | - Nathalie Picollet-D’hahan
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, iRTSV-BGE, Grenoble, France
- CEA, iRTSV-BGE, Grenoble, France
- INSERM, BGE, Grenoble, France
- * E-mail:
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144
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Lovitt CJ, Shelper TB, Avery VM. Advanced cell culture techniques for cancer drug discovery. BIOLOGY 2014; 3:345-67. [PMID: 24887773 PMCID: PMC4085612 DOI: 10.3390/biology3020345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Human cancer cell lines are an integral part of drug discovery practices. However, modeling the complexity of cancer utilizing these cell lines on standard plastic substrata, does not accurately represent the tumor microenvironment. Research into developing advanced tumor cell culture models in a three-dimensional (3D) architecture that more prescisely characterizes the disease state have been undertaken by a number of laboratories around the world. These 3D cell culture models are particularly beneficial for investigating mechanistic processes and drug resistance in tumor cells. In addition, a range of molecular mechanisms deconstructed by studying cancer cells in 3D models suggest that tumor cells cultured in two-dimensional monolayer conditions do not respond to cancer therapeutics/compounds in a similar manner. Recent studies have demonstrated the potential of utilizing 3D cell culture models in drug discovery programs; however, it is evident that further research is required for the development of more complex models that incorporate the majority of the cellular and physical properties of a tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie J Lovitt
- Discovery Biology, Griffith University, N27, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia.
| | - Todd B Shelper
- Discovery Biology, Griffith University, N27, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia.
| | - Vicky M Avery
- Discovery Biology, Griffith University, N27, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia.
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145
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Niero EL, Rocha-Sales B, Lauand C, Cortez BA, de Souza MM, Rezende-Teixeira P, Urabayashi MS, Martens AA, Neves JH, Machado-Santelli GM. The multiple facets of drug resistance: one history, different approaches. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2014; 33:37. [PMID: 24775603 PMCID: PMC4041145 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-33-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Some cancers like melanoma and pancreatic and ovarian cancers, for example, commonly display resistance to chemotherapy, and this is the major obstacle to a better prognosis of patients. Frequently, literature presents studies in monolayer cell cultures, 3D cell cultures or in vivo studies, but rarely the same work compares results of drug resistance in different models. Several of these works are presented in this review and show that usually cells in 3D culture are more resistant to drugs than monolayer cultured cells due to different mechanisms. Searching for new strategies to sensitize different tumors to chemotherapy, many methods have been studied to understand the mechanisms whereby cancer cells acquire drug resistance. These methods have been strongly advanced along the years and therapies using different drugs have been increasingly proposed to induce cell death in resistant cells of different cancers. Recently, cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been extensively studied because they would be the only cells capable of sustaining tumorigenesis. It is believed that the resistance of CSCs to currently used chemotherapeutics is a major contributing factor in cancer recurrence and later metastasis development. This review aims to appraise the experimental progress in the study of acquired drug resistance of cancer cells in different models as well as to understand the role of CSCs as the major contributing factor in cancer recurrence and metastasis development, describing how CSCs can be identified and isolated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evandro Luís Niero
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av, Prof, Lineu Prestes, 1524, Cidade Universitária, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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146
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Ranga A, Gjorevski N, Lutolf MP. Drug discovery through stem cell-based organoid models. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 69-70:19-28. [PMID: 24582599 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of new drugs is currently a long and costly process in large part due to the failure of promising drug candidates identified in initial in vitro screens to perform as intended in vivo. New approaches to drug screening are being developed which focus on providing more biomimetic platforms. This review surveys this new generation of drug screening technologies, and provides an overview of recent developments in organoid culture systems which could afford previously unmatched fidelity for testing bioactivity and toxicity. The challenges inherent in such approaches will also be discussed, with a view towards bridging the gap between proof-of-concept studies and a wider implementation within the drug development community.
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147
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Shi W, Le V, Gu C, Zheng Y, Lang M, Lu Y, Liu J. Overcoming Multidrug Resistance in 2D and 3D Culture Models by Controlled Drug Chitosan‐Graft Poly(Caprolactone)‐Based Nanoparticles. J Pharm Sci 2014; 103:1064-74. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.23860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 12/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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148
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Astashkina A, Grainger DW. Critical analysis of 3-D organoid in vitro cell culture models for high-throughput drug candidate toxicity assessments. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 69-70:1-18. [PMID: 24613390 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Drug failure due to toxicity indicators remains among the primary reasons for staggering drug attrition rates during clinical studies and post-marketing surveillance. Broader validation and use of next-generation 3-D improved cell culture models are expected to improve predictive power and effectiveness of drug toxicological predictions. However, after decades of promising research significant gaps remain in our collective ability to extract quality human toxicity information from in vitro data using 3-D cell and tissue models. Issues, challenges and future directions for the field to improve drug assay predictive power and reliability of 3-D models are reviewed.
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149
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Chen J, Wang J, Zhang Y, Chen D, Yang C, Kai C, Wang X, Shi F, Dou J. Observation of ovarian cancer stem cell behavior and investigation of potential mechanisms of drug resistance in three-dimensional cell culture. J Biosci Bioeng 2014; 118:214-22. [PMID: 24684961 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2014.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells behave differently in a three-dimensional (3D) cell culture compared with in the conventional two-dimensional (2D) one. Accumulated evidences indicate that the characteristics of cancer stem cells (CSCs) are different from common cancer cells due to their ability to produce tumors and resist chemoradiation. The objective of this work was to observe CSC behavior and investigate the potential mechanisms of CSC drug resistance in 3D versus 2D in vitro environment. We first demonstrated that the CD44(+)CD117(+)cells isolated from the human epithelial ovarian cancer HO8910 cell line have the properties of CSCs that revealed faster growth, larger tumorsphere and stronger survival potential in the hypoxic environment in 3D cell culture as well as more powerful tumorigenicity in a xenograft mice than the HO8910 cells. The CD44(+)CD117(+)CSCs also exhibited high chemoresistance to anticancer drugs when the cells were incubated with 5-fluorouracil, cisplatin and carboplatin, respectively in 3D versus 2D environment. This might be associated with the high expression of ABCG2, ABCB1 and the high expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in CD44(+)CD117(+)CSCs. Overall, these results suggest the advantages of using 3D culture model to accurately display CSC behavior in vitro. 3D model may improve the efficacy of screening anticancer drugs for treatment of ovarian CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junsong Chen
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Medical School, Southeast University, Dingjiaqiao 87, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Dingjiaqiao 87, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yunxia Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Medical School, Southeast University, Dingjiaqiao 87, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Dingjiaqiao 87, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Dengyu Chen
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Medical School, Southeast University, Dingjiaqiao 87, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Cuiping Yang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Medical School, Southeast University, Dingjiaqiao 87, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Cai Kai
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Medical School, Southeast University, Dingjiaqiao 87, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Medical School, Southeast University, Dingjiaqiao 87, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Fangfang Shi
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Medical School, Southeast University, Dingjiaqiao 87, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jun Dou
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Medical School, Southeast University, Dingjiaqiao 87, Nanjing 210009, China.
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150
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Fuller ES, Howell VM. Culture models to define key mediators of cancer matrix remodeling. Front Oncol 2014; 4:57. [PMID: 24724052 PMCID: PMC3971193 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
High grade serous epithelial ovarian cancer (HG-SOC) is one of the most devastating gynecological cancers affecting women worldwide, with a poor survival rate despite clinical treatment advances. HG-SOC commonly metastasizes within the peritoneal cavity, primarily to the mesothelial cells of the omentum, which regulate an extracellular matrix rich in collagens type I, III, and IV along with laminin, vitronectin, and fibronectin. Cancer cells depend on their ability to penetrate and invade secondary tissue sites to spread, however a detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying these processes remain largely unknown. Given the high metastatic potential of HG-SOC and the associated poor clinical outcome, it is extremely important to identify the pathways and the components of which that are responsible for the progression of this disease. In vitro methods of recapitulating human disease processes are the critical first step in such investigations. In this context, establishment of an in vitro “tumor-like” micro-environment, such as 3D culture, to study early disease and metastasis of human HG-SOC is an important and highly insightful method. In recent years, many such methods have been established to investigate the adhesion and invasion of human ovarian cancer cell lines. The aim of this review is to summarize recent developments in ovarian cancer culture systems and their use to investigate clinically relevant findings concerning the key players in driving human HG-SOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Suzanne Fuller
- Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney , St. Leonards, NSW , Australia
| | - Viive Maarika Howell
- Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney , St. Leonards, NSW , Australia
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