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Gray GK, McFarland BC, Rowse AL, Gibson SA, Benveniste EN. Therapeutic CK2 inhibition attenuates diverse prosurvival signaling cascades and decreases cell viability in human breast cancer cells. Oncotarget 2015; 5:6484-96. [PMID: 25153725 PMCID: PMC4171645 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women worldwide and remains a major cause of mortality, thus necessitating further therapeutic advancements. In breast cancer, numerous cell signaling pathways are aberrantly activated to produce the myriad phenotypes associated with malignancy; such pathways include the PI3K/Akt/mTOR, NF-κB and JAK/STAT cascades. These pathways are highly interconnected, but one prominent lateral enhancer of each is the remarkably promiscuous kinase CK2. CK2 expression has been shown to be elevated in cancer, thus implicating it in tumorigenesis through its effects on oncogenic signaling cascades. In this study, we identify aberrant expression of CK2 subunits in human breast samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset. Additionally, two specific small molecule inhibitors of CK2, CX-4945 and TBB, were used to examine the role of CK2 in two human breast cancer cell lines, MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. We show that CK2 inhibition attenuates constitutive PI3K/Akt/mTOR, NF-κB and STAT3 activation and inducible NF-κB and JAK/STAT activation and downstream transcriptional activity. CX-4945 treatment caused a range of phenotypic changes in these cell lines, including decreased viability, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and loss of migratory capacity. Overall, these results demonstrate the tremendous potential of CK2 as a clinical target in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Kenneth Gray
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Braden C McFarland
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Amber L Rowse
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Sara A Gibson
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Etty N Benveniste
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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102
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Association between Prediagnostic Allergy-Related Serum Cytokines and Glioma. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137503. [PMID: 26352148 PMCID: PMC4564184 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergy is inversely related to glioma risk. To determine whether prediagnostic allergy-related serum proteins are associated with glioma, we conducted a nested case-control study of seven cytokines (IL4, IL13, IL5, IL6, IL10, IFNG, TGFB2), two soluble cytokine receptors (sIL4RA, sIL13RA2) and three allergy-related transcription factors (FOXP3, STAT3, STAT6) using serum specimens from the Janus Serum Bank Cohort in Oslo, Norway. Blood donors subsequently diagnosed with glioma (n = 487) were matched to controls (n = 487) on age and date of blood draw and sex. We first estimated individual effects of the 12 serum proteins and then interactions between IL4 and IL13 and their receptors using conditional logistic regression. We next tested equality of case-control inter-correlations among the 12 serum proteins. We found that TGFB2 is inversely related to glioblastoma (Odds Ratio (OR) = 0.87, 95% Confidence Interval (CI)) = 0.76, 0.98). In addition, ≤ 5 years before diagnosis, we observed associations between IL4 (OR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.66, 1.01), sIL4RA (OR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.65, 1.00), their interaction (OR = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.01, 1.12) and glioblastoma. This interaction was apparent > 20 years before diagnosis (IL4-sIL4RA OR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.05, 1.37). Findings for glioma were similar. Case correlations were different from control correlations stratified on time before diagnosis. Five years or less before diagnosis, correlations among case serum proteins were weaker than were those among controls. Our findings suggest that IL4 and sIL4RA reduce glioma risk long before diagnosis and early gliomagenesis affects circulating immune function proteins.
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103
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ZHOU RONGJING, XU XIONGYING, LIU BUXING, DAI WENZHEN, CAI MEIQIN, BAI CHUNFENG, ZHANG XIANFEI, WANG LIMIN, LIN LI, JIA SHUZHEN, WANG WENHUA. Growth-inhibitory and chemosensitizing effects of microRNA-31 in human glioblastoma multiforme cells. Int J Mol Med 2015; 36:1159-64. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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104
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Withaferin A Inhibits Nuclear Factor-κB-Dependent Pro-Inflammatory and Stress Response Pathways in the Astrocytes. Neural Plast 2015; 2015:381964. [PMID: 26266054 PMCID: PMC4523683 DOI: 10.1155/2015/381964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Several lines of evidence suggest that astrocytes play a key role in modulating the immune responses of the central nervous system (CNS) to infections, injuries, or pathologies. Yet, their contribution to these processes remains mostly elusive. Astroglia are endowed with a wide range of toll-like receptors (TLR) by which they can sense infectious agents as well as endogenous danger signals released by damaged cells. Here we demonstrate that the activation of astrocytic TLR4 by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge can promote nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)-dependent induction of pro-inflammatory and stress response mediators, particularly Tumor Necrosis Factor α (TNFα), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Since the steroid lactone Withaferin A was described to inhibit NF-κB activity in different cell types, we next determined the impact of this natural compound towards the identified astrocytic signalling pathway. Innate immune activation was induced by stimulation of the LPS/TLR4 axis in spinal cord astrocytes. We provide evidence that both pre-treating and post-treating the cells with Withaferin A attenuate astrocytic NF-κB activity as well as the consequent production of TNFα, COX-2, and iNOS induced by stimulation of the LPS/TLR4 pathway. This study suggests that Withaferin A may be an eligible candidate for the treatment of neuroinflammatory and stress conditions characterized by an important astrocytic input.
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105
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Shan Y, He X, Song W, Han D, Niu J, Wang J. Role of IL-6 in the invasiveness and prognosis of glioma. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:9114-9120. [PMID: 26309566 PMCID: PMC4538008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
IL-6 is a cytokine secreted by glioma cells and plays an important role in the tumor growth. However, the impact of IL-6 on the invasiveness and prognosis of glioma is still unclear. In this study, immunohistochemistry was performed to determine the expression of IL-6 in 86 glioma tissues, and ELISA to measure IL-6 in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of these patients. Results showed, as ccompared with normal controls, the IL-6 in the glioma, CSF and serumincreased remarkably, and increased with the elevation of glioma grade. In addition, IL-6 in the supernatant was also detectable in glioma cell lines U251, U87, A172 and T98G. Transwell invasion assay showed that the invasiveness of glioma U87 cells and U251 cells increased remarkably after exogenous IL-6 treatment. Survival analysis indicated higher IL-6 before surgery and significantly reduction in IL-6 after operation in the serum and CSF predicted a poor prognosis. Thus, we speculate that, the poor prognosis of glioma is related to the IL-6 autocrine in the glioma and the IL-6 induced tumor growth and invasion. IL-6 may serve as a therapeutic target for glioma patients and IL-6 in the CSF and serum of glioma may be used to predict the prognosis of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhi Shan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100053, China
| | - Xin He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100093, China
| | - Wei Song
- Neurosurgery of The Second People’s Hospital of Jiaozuo City of Henan ProvinceJiaozuo 454150, Henan, China
| | - Dong Han
- Neurosurgery of The Second People’s Hospital of Jiaozuo City of Henan ProvinceJiaozuo 454150, Henan, China
| | - Jianxing Niu
- Neural Surgical Oncology of General Hospital of Chinese Armed Police ForceBeijing 100039, China
| | - Jianzhen Wang
- Neural Surgical Oncology of General Hospital of Chinese Armed Police ForceBeijing 100039, China
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106
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Griesinger AM, Josephson RJ, Donson AM, Mulcahy Levy JM, Amani V, Birks DK, Hoffman LM, Furtek SL, Reigan P, Handler MH, Vibhakar R, Foreman NK. Interleukin-6/STAT3 Pathway Signaling Drives an Inflammatory Phenotype in Group A Ependymoma. Cancer Immunol Res 2015; 3:1165-74. [PMID: 25968456 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-15-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Ependymoma (EPN) in childhood is a brain tumor with substantial mortality. Inflammatory response has been identified as a molecular signature of high-risk Group A EPN. To better understand the biology of this phenotype and aid therapeutic development, transcriptomic data from Group A and B EPN patient tumor samples, and additional malignant and normal brain data, were analyzed to identify the mechanism underlying EPN Group A inflammation. Enrichment of IL6 and STAT3 pathway genes were found to distinguish Group A EPN from Group B EPN and other brain tumors, implicating an IL6 activation of STAT3 mechanism. EPN tumor cell growth was shown to be dependent on STAT3 activity, as demonstrated using shRNA knockdown and pharmacologic inhibition of STAT3 that blocked proliferation and induced apoptosis. The inflammatory factors secreted by EPN tumor cells were shown to reprogram myeloid cells, and this paracrine effect was characterized by a significant increase in pSTAT3 and IL8 secretion. Myeloid polarization was shown to be dependent on tumor secretion of IL6, and these effects could be reversed using IL6-neutralizing antibody or IL6 receptor-targeted therapeutic antibody tocilizumab. Polarized myeloid cell production of IL8 drove unpolarized myeloid cells to upregulate CD163 and to produce a number of proinflammatory cytokines. Collectively, these findings indicate that constitutive IL6/STAT3 pathway activation is important in driving tumor growth and inflammatory cross-talk with myeloid cells within the Group A EPN microenvironment. Effective design of Group A-targeted therapy for children with EPN may require reversal of this potentially immunosuppressive and protumor pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M Griesinger
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado. Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado.
| | | | - Andrew M Donson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado. Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jean M Mulcahy Levy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado. Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Vladimir Amani
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado. Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Diane K Birks
- Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado. Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Lindsey M Hoffman
- Department of Cancer and Blood Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Steffanie L Furtek
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Phillip Reigan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Michael H Handler
- Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado. Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Rajeev Vibhakar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado. Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Nicholas K Foreman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado. Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado. Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
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107
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Benveniste EN, Liu Y, McFarland BC, Qin H. Involvement of the janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling pathway in multiple sclerosis and the animal model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2015; 34:577-88. [PMID: 25084174 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2014.0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) are characterized by focal inflammatory infiltrates into the central nervous system, demyelinating lesions, axonal damage, and abundant production of cytokines that activate immune cells and damage neurons and oligodendrocytes, including interleukin-12 (IL-12), IL-6, IL-17, IL-21, IL-23, granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor, and interferon-gamma. The Janus Kinase/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway mediates the biological activities of these cytokines and is essential for the development and regulation of immune responses. Dysregulation of the JAK/STAT pathway contributes to numerous autoimmune diseases, including MS/EAE. The JAK/STAT pathway is aberrantly activated in MS/EAE because of excessive production of cytokines, loss of expression of negative regulators such as suppressors of cytokine signaling proteins, and significant enrichment of genes encoding components of the JAK/STAT pathway, including STAT3. Specific JAK/STAT inhibitors have been used in numerous preclinical models of MS and demonstrate beneficial effects on the clinical course of disease and attenuation of innate and adaptive immune responses. In addition, other drugs such as statins, glatiramer acetate, laquinimod, and fumarates have beneficial effects that involve inhibition of the JAK/STAT pathway. We conclude by discussing the feasibility of the JAK/STAT pathway as a target for neuroinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etty N Benveniste
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
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108
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MONGRE RAJKUMAR, SODHI SIMRINDERSINGH, GHOSH MRINMOY, KIM JEONGHYUN, KIM NAMEUN, PARK YANGHO, KIM SUNGJIN, HEO YOOJEONG, SHARMA NEELESH, JEONG DONGKEE. The novel inhibitor BRM270 downregulates tumorigenesis by suppression of NF-κB signaling cascade in MDR-induced stem like cancer-initiating cells. Int J Oncol 2015; 46:2573-85. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.2961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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109
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Puliyappadamba VT, Hatanpaa KJ, Chakraborty S, Habib AA. The role of NF-κB in the pathogenesis of glioma. Mol Cell Oncol 2014; 1:e963478. [PMID: 27308348 PMCID: PMC4905061 DOI: 10.4161/23723548.2014.963478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Activation of NF-κB affects multiple aspects of cancer biology including cell survival and resistance to treatment. Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant tumor of the brain in adults and is resistant to treatment. Recent studies have reported that NF-κB activation in GBM is widespread and have elucidated the underlying regulatory mechanisms. EGFR gene amplification and mutation are among the key genetic alterations in GBM, and aberrant EGFR signaling is a key activator of NF-κB in GBM. In this review we discuss the evidence for activation of NF-κB in GBM and the key signaling pathways involved. Substantial evidence suggests a role for NF-κB in the pathogenesis of GBM and its resistance to treatment, indicating that NF-κB pathways may be useful targets for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineshkumar Thidil Puliyappadamba
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235; Current address: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Kimmo J Hatanpaa
- Pathology at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center ; Dallas TX 75390
| | - Sharmistha Chakraborty
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235; Current address: Department of Radiation Oncology, Methodist Research Institute, Houston TX 77030
| | - Amyn A Habib
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235; VA North Texas Health Care System; Dallas TX 75216
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110
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Qian C, Li P, Yan W, Shi L, Zhang J, Wang Y, Liu H, You Y. Downregulation of osteopontin enhances the sensitivity of glioma U251 cells to temozolomide and cisplatin by targeting the NF-κB/Bcl‑2 pathway. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:1951-5. [PMID: 25405848 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is resistant to the apoptotic effects of chemotherapy and the mechanism underlying its chemoresistance is not currently understood. In a previous study, we reported that osteopontin (OPN) was overexpressed in glioma tissues and had an important anti‑apoptotic effect. Furthermore, overexpression of OPN was observed following chemotherapy. To elucidate whether OPN plays a role in chemotherapy resistance and to investigate its downstream signaling pathway, this study used small interfering RNA (siRNA) to silence the expression of OPN in U251 human neuronal glioma astrocytoma cells. OPN downregulation in U251 cells enhanced the apoptotic effects induced by temozolomide (TMZ) and cisplatin (DDP). Furthermore, OPN siRNA suppressed the nuclear factor κ‑light‑chain‑enhancer of activated B cells (NF‑κB) activation and B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‑2) expression that was induced by chemotherapy. Taken together, these results demonstrated that the expression levels of OPN are involved in glioma chemoresistance. Knockdown of OPN through siRNA enhanced the effects of TMZ and DDP chemotherapy by targeting the NF‑κB/Bcl‑2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunfa Qian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Kunshan Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215300, P.R. China
| | - Junxia Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yingyi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Hongyi Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yongping You
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
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111
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Gray GK, McFarland BC, Nozell SE, Benveniste EN. NF-κB and STAT3 in glioblastoma: therapeutic targets coming of age. Expert Rev Neurother 2014; 14:1293-306. [PMID: 25262780 DOI: 10.1586/14737175.2014.964211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Since we last addressed the roles of NF-κB and JAK/STAT3 signaling in glioblastoma (GBM) 5 years ago, tremendous strides have been made in the understanding of these two pathways in glioma biology. Contributing to prosurvival mechanisms, cancer stem cell maintenance and treatment resistance, both NF-κB and STAT3 have been characterized as major drivers of GBM. In this review, we address general improvements in the molecular understanding of GBM, the structure of NF-κB and STAT3 signaling, the ways in which these pathways contribute to GBM and advances in preclinical and clinical targeting of these two signaling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Kenneth Gray
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, 1900 University Blvd, THT 926A, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294-0006, USA
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112
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PERK-dependent activation of JAK1 and STAT3 contributes to endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced inflammation. Mol Cell Biol 2014; 34:3911-25. [PMID: 25113558 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00980-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress are associated with many neurological diseases. Here, we have examined the interaction between ER stress and JAK/STAT-dependent inflammation in glial cells. We show that ER stress is present in the central nervous system (CNS) concomitant with inflammation and astrogliosis in the multiple sclerosis (MS) mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Astrocytes do not easily succumb to ER stress but rather activate an inflammatory program involving activation of STAT3 in a JAK1-dependent fashion. ER stress-induced activation of the JAK1/STAT3 axis leads to expression of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and several chemokines. Moreover, the activation of STAT3 signaling is dependent on PERK, a central component of the ER stress response, which we show is phosphorylated by JAK1. Disruption of PERK abrogates ER stress-induced activation of STAT3 and subsequent gene expression. Additionally, ER-stressed astrocytes, via paracrine signaling, can stimulate activation of microglia, leading to production of IL-6 and oncostatin M (OSM). These IL-6 cytokines can then synergize with ER stress in astrocytes to drive inflammation. Together, this work describes a new PERK/JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway that elicits a feed-forward inflammatory loop involving astrocytes and microglia to drive neuroinflammation, which may be relevant in diseases such as MS.
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113
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Qi L, Liu J, Zhu H, Li Z, Lu K, Li T, Shi D. Inhibition of glioma proliferation and migration by magnetic nanoparticle mediated JAM-2 silencing. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:7168-7175. [PMID: 32261795 DOI: 10.1039/c4tb00954a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Brain invasion is a biological hallmark of glioma that leads to its aggressiveness and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Qi
- Shanghai East Hospital
- The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science
- Tongji University School of Medicine
- Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Shanghai East Hospital
- The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science
- Tongji University School of Medicine
- Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Haiyan Zhu
- Shanghai East Hospital
- The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science
- Tongji University School of Medicine
- Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Zhuoquan Li
- Shanghai East Hospital
- The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science
- Tongji University School of Medicine
- Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Kun Lu
- Shanghai East Hospital
- The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science
- Tongji University School of Medicine
- Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Tian Li
- Shanghai East Hospital
- The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science
- Tongji University School of Medicine
- Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Donglu Shi
- Shanghai East Hospital
- The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science
- Tongji University School of Medicine
- Shanghai 200120, China
- The Materials Science and Engineering Program
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