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Martinelli N, Droit-Volet S. What factors underlie our experience of the passage of time? Theoretical consequences. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2021; 86:522-530. [PMID: 33760972 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-021-01486-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the factors that explain variations in the conscious experience of time. The level of difficulty of the task, emotional valence and duration of stimuli were tested in three different experiments with two ranges of durations, one of seconds and the other one of minutes. The results showed that the passage of time was judged faster with durations in the seconds than in the minutes range. However, for all duration values, each change in the features of the task produced changes in the judgment of the passage of time. The subjective feeling of an acceleration of the passage of time, therefore, increased linearly with the increase in the level of difficulty of the task and with the positive valence of the emotional stimuli. It also varied linearly with the length of real time, increasing in the same proportion as the decrease in stimulus duration, regardless of the associated range (seconds or minutes). Our theory is that the judgment of the passage of time might be a generic way of describing the most salient internal or external contextual changes experienced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Martinelli
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LAPSCO, 34 avenue Carnot, 63037, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sylvie Droit-Volet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LAPSCO, 34 avenue Carnot, 63037, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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102
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Martinelli N, Gil S, Chevalère J, Belletier C, Dezecache G, Huguet P, Droit-Volet S. The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Vulnerable People Suffering from Depression: Two Studies on Adults in France. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18063250. [PMID: 33801095 PMCID: PMC8004181 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18063250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the difficulties experienced by people suffering from depression in coping with the stressful context of the COVID-19 pandemic and the lockdown. Two large samples of the French population were classified on the basis of their depressive symptoms and completed an online questionnaire on their emotions and their behaviors during the lockdown. Results showed that, compared to participants with no or mild mental health-related symptoms, participants with moderate to severe depressive symptoms suffered from greater psychological effects of the pandemic and the lockdown (fear, anxiety, sadness, sleep quality, loss of daily routine). However, health risk behaviors (smoking, drinking, non-compliance with lockdown and barrier gestures) and perceived vulnerability did not differ between the participant groups, although more severely depressed participants tended to be less respectful of health guidelines. In addition, the most heightened effects on the depressed participants were boredom and the feeling of social isolation, which was not compensated by the search for social affiliation. Supporting people with depression should be a public health priority because they suffer psychologically more than others from the pandemic and the lockdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Martinelli
- CNRS, LAPSCO, Université Clermont-Auvergne, F-6300 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (N.M.); (J.C.); (C.B.); (G.D.); (P.H.)
| | - Sandrine Gil
- CNRS, CeRCA, Université de Poitiers, F-86000 Poitiers, France;
| | - Johann Chevalère
- CNRS, LAPSCO, Université Clermont-Auvergne, F-6300 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (N.M.); (J.C.); (C.B.); (G.D.); (P.H.)
| | - Clément Belletier
- CNRS, LAPSCO, Université Clermont-Auvergne, F-6300 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (N.M.); (J.C.); (C.B.); (G.D.); (P.H.)
| | - Guillaume Dezecache
- CNRS, LAPSCO, Université Clermont-Auvergne, F-6300 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (N.M.); (J.C.); (C.B.); (G.D.); (P.H.)
| | - Pascal Huguet
- CNRS, LAPSCO, Université Clermont-Auvergne, F-6300 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (N.M.); (J.C.); (C.B.); (G.D.); (P.H.)
| | - Sylvie Droit-Volet
- CNRS, LAPSCO, Université Clermont-Auvergne, F-6300 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (N.M.); (J.C.); (C.B.); (G.D.); (P.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)4-73-40-85-07
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Le-Thai C, Guiddir T, Stern R, Smilov M, Pigeot JC, Merzouk A, Billard-Larue C, de Menibus AC, Nemni A. Impact du confinement sur le suivi des immunothérapies orales alimentaires : étude multicentrique dans 3 centres d’Île-de-France. REVUE FRANÇAISE D'ALLERGOLOGIE 2021; 61:75-80. [PMID: 33354251 PMCID: PMC7746089 DOI: 10.1016/j.reval.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
But de l’étude Plusieurs études ont confirmé l’impact du confinement sur la population, entraînant une rupture de soins, des effets somatiques et psychologiques. Notre étude s’intéresse aux effets indésirables et aux problèmes d’observance au cours d’immunothérapie orale (ITO) alimentaires pendant le confinement. Patients et méthodes Au total, 132 patients, majoritairement des enfants (95 %), avec un antécédent atopique (60 %) suivis pour une ITO ont été inclus dans 3 centres d’allergologie en Île-de-France, pendant le confinement lié à la pandémie SARS-Cov-2 du 16/03 au 11/05/20. Les aliments des ITO étaient principalement l’arachide (38 %), le lait de vache (24 %), la noisette (14 %), l’œuf (9 %), la noix de cajou et la pistache (8 %). Résultats Des effets indésirables ont été retrouvés chez 13 patients soit 10 % des cas. Ces réactions étaient principalement de grade 1 et 2 selon la classification de Ring et Messmer. Trois patients ont présenté des réactions de grade 3 et six patients ont utilisé l’adrénaline au domicile. L’observance était correcte dans 81 % des cas sans aucun oubli. Trois patients ont augmenté leur dose quotidienne sans avis médical. Nous n’avons pas retrouvé de différence significative dans l’analyse en sous-groupe comparant des enfants appariés en âge suivis en ITO en 2019 et en 2020 sur la même période dans le même hôpital. Conclusion Il n’y a pas eu d’augmentation des effets indésirables au cours d’ITO pendant la période du confinement. L’éducation thérapeutique au cours de l’ITO est primordiale et participe à réduire la survenue d’effets indésirables.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Le-Thai
- Unité d'allergologie enfants-adultes, centre hospitalier intercommunal Robert-Ballanger, boulevard Robert-Ballanger, 93600 Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - T Guiddir
- Service de pédiatrie générale, centre hospitalier universitaire Bicêtre, 78, avenue du Général-Leclerc, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - R Stern
- Unité d'allergologie enfants-adultes, centre hospitalier intercommunal Robert-Ballanger, boulevard Robert-Ballanger, 93600 Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - M Smilov
- Unité d'allergologie enfants-adultes, centre hospitalier intercommunal Robert-Ballanger, boulevard Robert-Ballanger, 93600 Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - J-C Pigeot
- Unité d'allergologie enfants-adultes, centre hospitalier intercommunal Robert-Ballanger, boulevard Robert-Ballanger, 93600 Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - A Merzouk
- Unité d'allergologie enfants-adultes, centre hospitalier intercommunal Robert-Ballanger, boulevard Robert-Ballanger, 93600 Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - C Billard-Larue
- Unité d'allergologie enfants-adultes, grand hôpital de l'Est Francilien - site de Meaux, 6, rue Saint-Fiacre, 77100 Meaux, France
| | - A-C de Menibus
- Unité d'allergologie enfants-adultes, centre hospitalier intercommunal Robert-Ballanger, boulevard Robert-Ballanger, 93600 Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
- Unité d'allergologie enfants-adultes, grand hôpital de l'Est Francilien - site de Meaux, 6, rue Saint-Fiacre, 77100 Meaux, France
| | - A Nemni
- Unité d'allergologie enfants-adultes, centre hospitalier intercommunal Robert-Ballanger, boulevard Robert-Ballanger, 93600 Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
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104
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De Backer C, Teunissen L, Cuykx I, Decorte P, Pabian S, Gerritsen S, Matthys C, Al Sabbah H, Van Royen K. An Evaluation of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Perceived Social Distancing Policies in Relation to Planning, Selecting, and Preparing Healthy Meals: An Observational Study in 38 Countries Worldwide. Front Nutr 2021; 7:621726. [PMID: 33614693 PMCID: PMC7890074 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.621726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To examine changes in planning, selecting, and preparing healthy foods in relation to personal factors (time, money, stress) and social distancing policies during the COVID-19 crisis. Methods Using cross-sectional online surveys collected in 38 countries worldwide in April-June 2020 (N = 37,207, Mage 36.7 SD 14.43, 73.6% women), we compared changes in food literacy behaviors to changes in personal factors and social distancing policies, using hierarchical multiple regression analyses controlling for sociodemographic variables. Results Increases in planning (4.7 SD 1.2, 4.9 SD 1.3), selecting (3.8 SD 1.7, 3.8 SD 1.7), and preparing (4.6 SD 1.3, 4.7 SD 1.3) healthy foods were found for women and men, and positively related to perceived time availability among women and stay-at-home policies for planning and preparing in women. Psychological distress was a barrier for women, and an enabler for men. COVID-19 induced financial stress was a barrier depending on various sociodemographic variables (all p < 0.01). Conclusion Stay-at-home policies and feelings of having more time during COVID-19 seem to have improved food literacy among women. Stress and other social distancing policies relate to food literacy in more complex ways, highlighting the necessity of a health equity lens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte De Backer
- Department of Communication Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Lauranna Teunissen
- Department of Communication Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Cuykx
- Department of Communication Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Paulien Decorte
- Department of Communication Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sara Pabian
- Department of Communication Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Tilburg Center for Cognition and Communication, Tilburg School of Humanities and Digital Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands
| | - Sarah Gerritsen
- School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Haleama Al Sabbah
- Public Health Nutrition Department, Zayed University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kathleen Van Royen
- Department of Communication Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Family Medicine and Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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105
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Souza ASR, Fernandes AS, Vanderlei LCDM, Costa AARD, Ferreira ALCG, Dubeux LS, Braga C, Cabral Filho JE. Transparency in research and publications on COVID-19. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE SAÚDE MATERNO INFANTIL 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9304202100s100001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Cynthia Braga
- Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira, Brasil
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106
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Feng YJ, Fan YJ, Su ZZ, Li BB, Li B, Liu N, Wang PX. Correlation of Sexual Behavior Change, Family Function, and Male-Female Intimacy Among Adults Aged 18-44 Years During COVID-19 Epidemic. Sex Med 2021; 9:100301. [PMID: 33429243 PMCID: PMC7930884 DOI: 10.1016/j.esxm.2020.100301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been declared a global pandemic. In this unprecedented situation, the intimate relationship, sexual behavior, and family functions of partners have also undergone unique changes. There are few reports on whether sexual behavior and family function affect intimate relationships between partners, especially among people aged 18 to 44 years. AIM To analyze the influence of sociodemographic characteristics, family function, and changes in sexual behavior on male-female intimacy, the independent contributions of the aforementioned factors in this population group are required to be further investigated. METHODS In the present study, 284 Chinese citizens aged 18-44 years completed the online questionnaire. The univariate analysis and cluster multiple linear regression were used to analyze the associations between sociodemographic factors, sexual-behavior changes, family function, and male-female intimacy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Family adaptation, partnership, growth, affection, resolve (APGAR) Scale and Relationship Assessment Scale were used to evaluate participants' family function and their intimacy. Details of the participants (sociodemographic and sexual factors) were obtained. RESULTS The summary scores, with Relationship Assessment Scale and APGAR scales, were 27.19 ± 4.49 and 6.76 ± 2.28, respectively. About 43.3% of participants reported a decrease in sexual frequency. There were considerable differences among age, education level, sexual desire, sexual satisfaction, quality of sexual life, family function with male-female intimacy (P < .05). The sexual satisfaction and intimacy demonstrated a significant positive correlation (P < .05) by cluster multiple linear regression analysis. Compared with those who had a sexual life of mediocre quality, respondents who experienced a good quality sexual life had relatively higher scores in intimacy. The independent contributions of sociodemographic factors, sexual behavior factors, and family function in male-female intimacy were 13.0%, 38.2%, and 48.8%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Sexual behavior factors and family function were important independent determinants of partner intimacy among people aged 18-44 years. It can provide supportive information for health care to develop intervention plans and services to promote the harmonious development of intimate relationship. Feng Y-J, Fan Y-J, Su Z-Z, et al. Correlation of Sexual Behavior Change, Family Function, and Male-Female Intimacy Among Adults Aged 18-44 Years During COVID-19 Epidemic. Sex Med 2021;9:100301.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jin Feng
- Institute of Chronic Disease Risks Assessment, School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yu-Jun Fan
- Institute of Chronic Disease Risks Assessment, School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Su
- Institute of Chronic Disease Risks Assessment, School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Bing-Bing Li
- Institute of Chronic Disease Risks Assessment, School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Bo Li
- Institute of Chronic Disease Risks Assessment, School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Nan Liu
- Institute of Chronic Disease Risks Assessment, School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Pei-Xi Wang
- Institute of Chronic Disease Risks Assessment, School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, China; General Practice Center, Nanhai Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China.
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107
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Souza GFDA, Praciano GDAF, Ferreira Neto ODC, Paiva MC, Jesus RPFSD, Cordeiro ALN, Souza GA, Silva Junior JR, Souza ASR. Factors associated with psychic symptomatology in diabetics during the COVID-19 pandemic. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE SAÚDE MATERNO INFANTIL 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9304202100s100009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Objectives: to determine the frequency and factors associated with severe / extreme signs and symptoms of stress, anxiety and depression in diabetic patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: cross-sectional study conducted in April /May 2020, which included 162 individuals with diabetes mellitus and over 18 years old. An online questionnaire was applied on social networks, composed of biological, sociodemographic, clinical characteristics and the Stress, Anxiety and Depression Scale (DASS-21). For statistical analysis, a multivariate logistic regression model was applied with a 5% significance level. Results: frequency of 37.7%, 43.3% and 45.1% were found for some symptom of stress, anxiety and depression, respectively. The factors associated with sign and symptoms of severe / extreme psychic disorders were: not having religion (stress, anxiety and depression); be at graduation (stress and anxiety); history of anxiety and depression (anxiety and depression); not practicing or decreasing physical exercises and starting, increased or continue taking sleeping medications (stress); history of contact with a suspected case of COVID-19, absence or decreased leisure (anxiety); female gender, absence of a partner, decreased family income and work or study (depression). Conclusion: the frequency of psychological disorders was higher than described in the literature on diabetic patients, being associated with biological, sociodemographic, clinical factors and aspects related to COVID-19 during the pandemic
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108
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Joyce AA, Styklunas GM, Rigotti NA, Neil JM, Park ER, Kruse GR. Quit Experiences among Primary Care Patients Enrolled in a Smoking Cessation Pilot RCT Early in the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:1011. [PMID: 33498834 PMCID: PMC7908271 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18031011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on US adults' smoking and quitting behaviors is unclear. We explored the impact of COVID-19 on smoking behaviors, risk perceptions, and reactions to text messages during a statewide stay-at-home advisory among primary care patients who were trying to quit. From May-June 2020, we interviewed smokers enrolled in a 12-week, pilot cessation trial providing text messaging and mailed nicotine replacement medication (NCT04020718). Twenty-two individuals (82% white, mean age 55 years), representing 88% of trial participants during the stay-at-home advisory, completed exit interviews; four (18%) of them reported abstinence. Interviews were thematically analyzed by two coders. COVID-19-induced environmental changes had mixed effects, facilitating quitting for some and impeding quitting for others. While stress increased for many, those who quit found ways to cope with stress. Generally, participants felt at risk for COVID-19 complications but not at increased risk of becoming infected. Reactions to COVID-19 and quitting behaviors differed across age groups, older participants reported difficulties coping with isolation (e.g., feeling disappointed when a text message came from the study and not a live person). Findings suggest that cessation interventions addressing stress and boredom are needed during COVID-19, while smokers experiencing isolation may benefit from live-person supports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea A. Joyce
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (G.M.S.); (N.A.R.)
- Tobacco Research and Treatment Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (J.M.N.); (E.R.P.)
| | - Grace M. Styklunas
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (G.M.S.); (N.A.R.)
- Tobacco Research and Treatment Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (J.M.N.); (E.R.P.)
- Department of Public Health and Professional Degrees, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Nancy A. Rigotti
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (G.M.S.); (N.A.R.)
- Tobacco Research and Treatment Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (J.M.N.); (E.R.P.)
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Health Policy Research Center, Mongan Institute, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jordan M. Neil
- Tobacco Research and Treatment Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (J.M.N.); (E.R.P.)
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Health Policy Research Center, Mongan Institute, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Elyse R. Park
- Tobacco Research and Treatment Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (J.M.N.); (E.R.P.)
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Health Policy Research Center, Mongan Institute, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Gina R. Kruse
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (G.M.S.); (N.A.R.)
- Tobacco Research and Treatment Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (J.M.N.); (E.R.P.)
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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109
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Martinelli N, Gil S, Belletier C, Chevalère J, Dezecache G, Huguet P, Droit-Volet S. Time and Emotion During Lockdown and the Covid-19 Epidemic: Determinants of Our Experience of Time? Front Psychol 2021; 11:616169. [PMID: 33488485 PMCID: PMC7816521 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.616169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To fight against the spread of the coronavirus disease, more than 3 billion people in the world have been confined indoors. Although lockdown is an efficient solution, it has had various psychological consequences that have not yet been fully measured. During the lockdown period in France (April 2020), we conducted two surveys on two large panels of participants to examine how the lockdown disrupted their relationship with time and what this change in their experiences of time means. Numerous questions were asked about the experience of time but also the nature of life during the lockdown: the emotions felt, boredom, the activities performed, sleep quality, and the daily rhythm. The participants also completed a series of self-reported scales used to assess depression, anxiety, and impulsivity. The results showed that time seemed to pass more slowly during the lockdown compared to before. This feeling of a slowing down of time has little to do with living conditions during the lockdown and individual psychological characteristics. The main predictor of this time experience was boredom and partly mediated by the lack of activity. The feeling of being less happy and the presence of sleep disturbance also explained this specific experience of time albeit to a lesser extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Martinelli
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LAPSCO, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sandrine Gil
- Université de Poitiers et CNRS, UMR7295 Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition et l’Apprentissage, Poitiers, France
| | - Clément Belletier
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LAPSCO, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Johann Chevalère
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LAPSCO, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Guillaume Dezecache
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LAPSCO, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pascal Huguet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LAPSCO, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sylvie Droit-Volet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LAPSCO, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Salles J, Yrondi A, Marhar F, Andant N, Dorlhiac RA, Quach B, Jiao J, Antunes S, Ugbolue UC, Guegan J, Rouffiac K, Pereira B, Clinchamps M, Dutheil F. Changes in Cannabis Consumption During the Global COVID-19 Lockdown: The International COVISTRESS Study. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:689634. [PMID: 34858218 PMCID: PMC8632365 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.689634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: COVID-19 lockdown measures have been sources of both potential stress and possible psychological and addiction complications. A lack of activity and isolation during lockdown are among the factors thought to be behind the growth in the use of psychoactive substances and worsening addictive behaviors. Previous studies on the pandemic have attested to an increase in alcohol consumption during lockdowns. Likewise, data suggest there has also been a rise in the use of cannabis, although it is unclear how this is affected by external factors. Our study used quantitative data collected from an international population to evaluate changes in cannabis consumption during the lockdown period between March and October, 2020. We also compared users and non-users of the drug in relation to: (1) socio-demographic differences, (2) emotional experiences, and (3) the information available and the degree of approval of lockdown measures. Methods: An online self-report questionnaire concerning the lockdown was widely disseminated around the globe. Data was collected on sociodemographics and how the rules imposed had influenced the use of cannabis and concerns about health, the economic impact of the measures and the approach taken by government(s). Results: One hundred eighty two respondents consumed cannabis before the lockdown vs. 199 thereafter. The mean cannabis consumption fell from 13 joints per week pre-lockdown to 9.75 after it (p < 0.001). Forty-nine respondents stopped using cannabis at all and 66 admitted to starting to do so. The cannabis users were: less satisfied with government measures; less worried about their health; more concerned about the impact of COVID-19 on the economy and their career; and more frightened of becoming infected in public areas. The risk factors for cannabis use were: age (OR = 0.96); concern for physical health (OR = 0.98); tobacco (OR = 1.1) and alcohol consumption during lockdown (OR = 1.1); the pre-lockdown anger level (OR = 1.01); and feelings of boredom during the restrictions (OR = 1.1). Conclusion: In a specific sub-population, the COVID-19 lockdown brought about either an end to the consumption of cannabis or new use of the drug. The main risk factors for cannabis use were: a lower age, co-addictions and high levels of emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Salles
- University Hospital of Toulouse, CHU Toulouse, Department of Psychiatry, Infinity (Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases), INSERM UMR1291, CNRS UMR5051, Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Antoine Yrondi
- University Hospital of Toulouse, CHU Toulouse, Department of Psychiatry, Inserm Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, ToNIC, Toulouse, France
| | - Fouad Marhar
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LaPSCo, Physiological and Psychosocial Stress F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France University Hospital of Toulouse, Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Andant
- University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, DRCI, Biostatistics Unit, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Raimundo Avilés Dorlhiac
- Universidad Finis-Terrae, El-Carmen, Hospital Dr. Luis-Valentìn-Ferrada, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maipù, Chile
| | - Binh Quach
- Sport and Physical Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jiao Jiao
- Sport and Physical Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Samuel Antunes
- Ordem dos Psicólogos Portugueses, ISPA-Instituto Universitário, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ukadike Chris Ugbolue
- University of the West of Scotland, Institute for Clinical Exercise & Health Science, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Julien Guegan
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LaPSCo, Catech, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Karine Rouffiac
- University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Preventive and Occupational Medicine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bruno Pereira
- University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, DRCI, Biostatistics Unit, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Maëlys Clinchamps
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LaPSCo, Physiological and Psychosocial Stress, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Preventive and Occupational Medicine, WittyFit, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Frederic Dutheil
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LaPSCo, Physiological and Psychosocial Stress, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Preventive and Occupational Medicine, WittyFit, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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111
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Tutzer F, Frajo-Apor B, Pardeller S, Plattner B, Chernova A, Haring C, Holzner B, Kemmler G, Marksteiner J, Miller C, Schmidt M, Sperner-Unterweger B, Hofer A. Psychological Distress, Loneliness, and Boredom Among the General Population of Tyrol, Austria During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:691896. [PMID: 34177672 PMCID: PMC8222609 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.691896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: COVID-19-related mental health problems are considered a public health challenge. The aim of this study was to investigate psychological distress, loneliness, and boredom among the general population of the federal state of Tyrol, Austria. Methods: Residents of Tyrol aged ≥ 18 years were recruited via dissemination of a link through social media and other advertisements and invited to complete an online survey from June 26th to August 20th, 2020. Next to the collection of sociodemographic and COVID-19 related variables the Brief Symptom Checklist (BSCL), the Three-Item Loneliness Scale (TILS), and the Multidimensional State Boredom Scale-Short Form (MSBS-SF) were used to assess psychological distress, loneliness, and boredom. Results: 961 participants took part in the survey (68.3% woman). Of these, 14.4% were burdened from psychological distress (BSCL), 22.6% reached a TILS score ≥ 7 and were therefore classified as severely lonely, and boredom levels lay by a mean of 25.9 ± 11.0 points in the MSBS-SF (range: 7-56). Women, singles, low-income people as well as those who were unemployed were significantly more often affected by all of the selected outcomes compared to the remaining sample and they had significantly more frequently consumed alcohol or other substances since the outbreak of the pandemic in order to feel better. In addition, young and middle-aged adults were particularly burdened by loneliness and boredom. Discussion: Our findings identify vulnerable groups and factors associated with higher psychological distress, loneliness, and boredom in the context of the pandemic. In order to prevent mental health problems it will be critical to identify options of maintaining social contacts and remaining active despite pandemic-related restrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Tutzer
- Division of Psychiatry I, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Beatrice Frajo-Apor
- Division of Psychiatry I, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Silvia Pardeller
- Division of Psychiatry I, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Barbara Plattner
- Department of Psychiatry, Central Hospital, Sanitary Agency of South Tyrol, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Anna Chernova
- Division of Psychiatry I, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christian Haring
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy B, State Hospital Hall in Tyrol, Hall in Tyrol, Austria
| | - Bernhard Holzner
- Division of Psychiatry I, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Georg Kemmler
- Division of Psychiatry I, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Josef Marksteiner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy A, State Hospital Hall in Tyrol, Hall in Tyrol, Austria
| | - Carl Miller
- Department of Psychiatry, County Hospital Kufstein, Kufstein, Austria
| | - Martin Schmidt
- Department of Psychiatry, County Hospital Lienz, Lienz, Austria
| | - Barbara Sperner-Unterweger
- Division of Psychiatry II, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alex Hofer
- Division of Psychiatry I, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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112
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Chiu R. Functions of Music Making Under Lockdown: A Trans-Historical Perspective Across Two Pandemics. Front Psychol 2020; 11:616499. [PMID: 33391135 PMCID: PMC7773809 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.616499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper describes how music fulfills two of its broadly recognized functions-"mood regulation" and "social cohesion"-in times of pandemics and social isolation. Through a trans-historical comparison of the musical activities of the Milanese during an outbreak of plague in 1576 with the musical activities observed during the COVID lockdowns in 2020 (such as balcony-singing and playlist-making), this paper suggests a framework for understanding the role of music in the care of the biological body and the social body in times of medical disaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remi Chiu
- Department of Fine Arts, Loyola University Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
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113
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Liang Z, Zhao Q, Zhou Z, Yu Q, Li S, Chen S. The Effect of "Novelty Input" and "Novelty Output" on Boredom During Home Quarantine in the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Moderating Effects of Trait Creativity. Front Psychol 2020; 11:601548. [PMID: 33381069 PMCID: PMC7767915 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.601548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Governments have adopted strict home quarantine measures during the COVID-19 pandemic. A monotonous, barren, and under-stimulating environment can cause state boredom, and people often deal with boredom via novelty-seeking behavior. Novelty-seeking behavior can be divided into "novelty input" and "novelty output." The former refers to obtaining novel information such as browsing the Web; the latter refers to engaging in creative behavior such as literary creation. This study explores the relationship between two types of novelty-seeking behavior and individual state boredom during home quarantine, along with the moderation effect of trait creativity. The study sample consists of 582 Chinese college students who were quarantined at home during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants completed the Multidimensional State Boredom Scale, the Williams Creativity Aptitude Test, and self-compiled questionnaires of novelty input and novelty output. The results show that there is no significant relationship between novelty input or novelty output and boredom during the COVID-19 quarantine. Trait creativity is found to negatively moderate the relationship between the two means of novelty seeking and boredom. Specifically, novelty output negatively predicts the state boredom of individuals with high creativity, while novelty input positively predicts the state boredom of individuals with low creativity. Our findings suggest that different novelty-seeking behaviors may have different effects on the boredom level of individuals with high versus low creativity during quarantine. During a quarantine period, individuals should avoid excessively engaging in novelty input behaviors aimed at escaping boring situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Liang
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (Ministry of Education), School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingbai Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (Ministry of Education), School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhijin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (Ministry of Education), School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Quanlei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (Ministry of Education), School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Songqing Li
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (Ministry of Education), School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (Ministry of Education), School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
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114
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Sun Y, Lin SY, Chung KKH. University Students' Perceived Peer Support and Experienced Depressive Symptoms during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Mediating Role of Emotional Well-Being. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E9308. [PMID: 33322751 PMCID: PMC7763059 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17249308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has adversely affected individuals' mental health. Social isolation as a result of social distancing during the pandemic potentially affects the associations among perceived available peer support, emotional well-being, and depression in university students. The present study examined the associations among university students' perceived available peer support, emotional well-being (as indicated negatively by loneliness and negative affects and positively by positive affects and hope), and depressive symptoms. During the third wave of the COVID-19 outbreak in July, 2020, 255 students at a public university in Hong Kong participated in an online-based survey that assessed their perceived available peer support, emotional well-being, and depressive symptoms. Results showed that perceived available peer support negatively contributed to depressive symptoms; both negative and positive indicators of emotional well-being mediated the association between perceived available peer support and depressive symptoms. Our results also suggested that university students showed signs of elevated depressive symptoms during the pandemic. Thus, our study advanced the theoretical understanding of university students' mental health in the time of a global pandemic. Our study also highlighted the practical needs for preventive efforts and accessible care to support the psychological and emotional needs of young people during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Sun
- Centre for Child and Family Science, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (Y.S.); (S.-Y.L.)
| | - Shiang-Yi Lin
- Centre for Child and Family Science, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (Y.S.); (S.-Y.L.)
| | - Kevin Kien Hoa Chung
- Centre for Child and Family Science, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (Y.S.); (S.-Y.L.)
- Department of Early Childhood Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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115
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Bacon AM, Corr PJ. Behavioral Immune System Responses to Coronavirus: A Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory Explanation of Conformity, Warmth Toward Others and Attitudes Toward Lockdown. Front Psychol 2020; 11:566237. [PMID: 33324279 PMCID: PMC7725687 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.566237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Behavioral immune system (BIS) describes psychological mechanisms that detect cues to infectious pathogens in the immediate environment, trigger disease-relevant responses and facilitate behavioral avoidance/escape. BIS activation elicits a perceived vulnerability to disease (PVD) which can result in conformity with social norms. However, a response to superficial cues can result in aversive responses to people that pose no actual threat, leading to an aversion to unfamiliar others, and likelihood of prejudice. Pathogen-neutralizing behaviors, therefore, have implications for social interaction as well as illness behaviors and responses to health communications. In this study, we investigate how PVD influences conformity, attitudes to other people and to lockdown regulations through the lens of the Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (RST). RST describes personality in terms of biologically-driven approach and avoidance motivations which support personal goals. Participants from the United Kingdom public (N = 605) completed an RST personality questionnaire and then read either (a) coronavirus morbidity-mortality statistics and current United Kingdom government lifestyle regulations, (b) just the regulations (as presented in most government publicity materials), or (c) no information at all. They all completed the Perceived Vulnerability to Disease scale to assess BIS-relevant Germ Aversion and Perceived Infectability, followed by questions measuring social conformity, warmth toward others and attitudes toward lockdown measures. Significantly lower PVD scores were observed in the no-information condition, with the other conditions showing no difference. In terms of RST, approach behaviors related to goal-drive persistence work alongside fear in explaining conformity to social norms. Reward related approach behaviors partially explained warmth toward others, indicating that social rewards gained through interaction continue to be strong drivers of behavior. We found no role for RST traits in attitudes toward lockdown. Overall, coronavirus-related behavior is not driven purely by fear, but also by social and/or protection goals regulated by approach motivation. This study presents new insights into public perceptions of coronavirus and government regulated lifestyle restrictions, helping to explain social behaviors in terms of biologically driven mechanisms. Such understanding is vital if we are to successfully motivate public behavior to constrain spread of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison M Bacon
- School of Psychology, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Philip J Corr
- Department of Psychology, City, University of London, London, United Kingdom
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116
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Sweeny K, Rankin K, Cheng X, Hou L, Long F, Meng Y, Azer L, Zhou R, Zhang W. Flow in the time of COVID-19: Findings from China. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242043. [PMID: 33175915 PMCID: PMC7657532 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In February 2020, the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) was raging in Wuhan, China and quickly spreading to the rest of the world. This period was fraught with uncertainty for those in the affected areas. The present investigation examined the role of two potential coping resources during this stressful period of uncertainty: flow and mindfulness. Participants in Wuhan and other major cities affected by COVID-19 (N = 5115) completed an online survey assessing subjective experiences of flow, mindfulness, and well-being. Longer quarantine was associated with poorer well-being; flow and mindfulness were associated with better well-being on some measures. However, flow-but not mindfulness-moderated the link between quarantine length and well-being, such that people who experienced high levels flow showed little or no association between quarantine length and poorer well-being. These findings suggest that experiencing flow (typically by engaging in flow-inducing activities) may be a particularly effective way to protect against potentially deleterious effects of a period of quarantine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Sweeny
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (KS); (RZ)
| | - Kyla Rankin
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Xiaorong Cheng
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lulu Hou
- Department of Psychology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fangfang Long
- Department of Psychology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yao Meng
- Department of Psychology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lilian Azer
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Renlai Zhou
- Department of Psychology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (KS); (RZ)
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, California, United States of America
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117
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Reizer A, Koslowsky M, Geffen L. Living in fear: The relationship between fear of COVID-19, distress, health, and marital satisfaction among Israeli women. Health Care Women Int 2020; 41:1273-1293. [DOI: 10.1080/07399332.2020.1829626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Abira Reizer
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Meni Koslowsky
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Lilach Geffen
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
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118
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Deng S, Wang W, Xie P, Chao Y, Zhu J. Perceived Severity of COVID-19 and Post-pandemic Consumption Willingness: The Roles of Boredom and Sensation-Seeking. Front Psychol 2020; 11:567784. [PMID: 33041933 PMCID: PMC7525206 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.567784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic restricts people's activities and makes consumer businesses suffered. This study explored the relationship between the perceived severity of COVID-19 and the post-pandemic consumption willingness. Study 1 surveyed 1464 Chinese people in March 2020, found the perceived severity of COVID-19 during the pandemic significantly increased the willingness to consume post-pandemic, and boredom stemming from limited activities and sensation-seeking expressions mediated this effect. Study 2 conducted an experiment with 174 participants in August 2020, found a high level of perceived severity of COVID-19 and the experience of life tedium during the pandemic significantly increased individuals' impulsive buying tendencies after the pandemic. The results suggested the level of perceived severity of COVID-19 may influence people's post-pandemic consumption patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichang Deng
- School of Management, Shanghai University of International Business and Economics, Shanghai, China
| | - Wangshuai Wang
- School of Management, Shanghai University of International Business and Economics, Shanghai, China
| | - Peihong Xie
- School of Management, Shanghai University of International Business and Economics, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifan Chao
- School of Business, Shanghai University of International Business and Economics, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingru Zhu
- School of Management, Shanghai University of International Business and Economics, Shanghai, China
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