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Rinde LB, Morelli VM, Småbrekke B, Mathiesen EB, Løchen ML, Njølstad I, Wilsgaard T, Smith E, Rosendaal FR, Frazer KA, Braekkan SK, Hansen JB. Effect of prothrombotic genotypes on the risk of venous thromboembolism in patients with and without ischemic stroke. The Tromsø Study. J Thromb Haemost 2019; 17:749-758. [PMID: 30773804 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Essentials Prothrombotic genotypes may agument the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) after ischemic stroke. We studied this effect in a case-cohort study using a genetic risk score. In stroke patients, a one-category increase in the genetic risk score was associated with a 50% higher relative risk of VTE. The risk of VTE in stroke patients increased with an increasing number of risk alleles. SUMMARY: Background Patients with ischemic stroke have a transiently increased risk of subsequent venous thromboembolism (VTE). Prothrombotic genotypes may augment VTE risk under conditions of high thrombosis risk related to stroke. Aims To investigate the effect of prothrombotic genotypes in patients with ischemic stroke on the risk of VTE in a population-based case-cohort study. Methods Cases with incident VTE (n = 664) and a randomly selected age-weighted subcohort (n = 1817) were sampled from three surveys of the Tromsø Study (1994-2008). Participants were genotyped for ABO (rs8176719), F5 (rs6025), F2 (rs1799963), FGG (rs2066865) and F11 (rs2036914) single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Cox regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) for incident VTE according to individual SNPs and categories of risk alleles (5-SNP score; 0-1, 2, 3-4 and ≥ 5) in participants with and without ischemic stroke. Results There were 192 patients with incident stroke, of whom 43 developed VTE during a median of 15.2 years of follow-up. The risk alleles of individual SNPs augmented the elevated VTE risk brought about by ischemic stroke. In stroke patients, a one-category increase in the genetic risk score was associated with a 50% higher relative risk of overall VTE (HR 1.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3-1.8) and an 80% higher relative risk of provoked VTE (HR 1.8, 95% CI 1.5-2.1). Stroke patients with ≥ 5 risk alleles had a 12-fold (HR 11.7, 95% CI 4.1-33.3) higher relative risk of VTE than stroke-free participants with 0-1 risk alleles. Conclusions Prothrombotic genotypes increased the risk of VTE in stroke patients, and the risk increased with an increasing number of risk alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludvig B Rinde
- K. G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center (TREC), Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Vania M Morelli
- K. G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center (TREC), Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Birgit Småbrekke
- K. G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center (TREC), Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ellisiv B Mathiesen
- K. G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center (TREC), Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Brain and Circulation Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Maja-Lisa Løchen
- Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases Research Group, Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Inger Njølstad
- K. G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center (TREC), Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases Research Group, Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Tom Wilsgaard
- Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases Research Group, Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Erin Smith
- K. G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center (TREC), Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Pediatrics and Rady's Children's Hospital, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Frits R Rosendaal
- K. G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center (TREC), Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Kelly A Frazer
- K. G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center (TREC), Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Pediatrics and Rady's Children's Hospital, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sigrid K Braekkan
- K. G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center (TREC), Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - John-Bjarne Hansen
- K. G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center (TREC), Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Guy H, Laskier V, Fisher M, Neuman WR, Bucior I, Deitelzweig S, Cohen AT. Cost-Effectiveness of Betrixaban Compared with Enoxaparin for Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis in Nonsurgical Patients with Acute Medical Illness in the United States. PHARMACOECONOMICS 2019; 37:701-714. [PMID: 30578462 DOI: 10.1007/s40273-018-0757-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies show that the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) continues post-discharge in nonsurgical patients with acute medical illness. Betrixaban is the first anticoagulant approved in the United States (US) for VTE prophylaxis extending beyond hospitalization. OBJECTIVE The aim was to establish whether betrixaban for VTE prophylaxis in nonsurgical patients with acute medical illness at risk of VTE in the US is cost-effective compared with enoxaparin. METHODS A cost-effectiveness analysis was conducted, estimating the cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained with betrixaban (35-42 days) compared with enoxaparin (6-14 days) from a US payer perspective over a lifetime horizon. A decision tree (DT) estimated primary VTE events, thrombotic events, and treatment complications in the first 3 months based on data from the phase III Acute Medically Ill VTE Prevention with Extended Duration Betrixaban study. A Markov model estimated recurrent events and long-term complication risks from published literature. EuroQoL-5 Dimensions utility data and costs inflated to 2017 US dollars (US$) were from published literature. Results were discounted at 3.0% per annum. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses explored uncertainty. RESULTS Betrixaban dominated enoxaparin, with savings of US$784 and increased QALYs of 0.017 per patient. In addition, betrixaban dominated enoxaparin across all sensitivity analyses, but was most sensitive to utilities and DT probabilities. Furthermore, probabilistic sensitivity analysis found that betrixaban was more cost-effective than enoxaparin at all willingness-to-pay thresholds. CONCLUSION Betrixaban can be considered cost-effective for nonsurgical patients with acute medical illness at risk of VTE, requiring longer VTE prophylaxis from hospitalization through post-discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Guy
- FIECON Ltd, 3 College Yard, Lower Dagnall Street, Hertfordshire, St Albans, AL3 4PA, UK.
| | - Vicki Laskier
- FIECON Ltd, 3 College Yard, Lower Dagnall Street, Hertfordshire, St Albans, AL3 4PA, UK
| | - Mark Fisher
- FIECON Ltd, 3 College Yard, Lower Dagnall Street, Hertfordshire, St Albans, AL3 4PA, UK
| | | | - Iwona Bucior
- Portola Pharmaceuticals, Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Steven Deitelzweig
- Ochsner Clinic Foundation and The University of Queensland School of Medicine, Ochsner Clinical School, New Orleans, LA, USA
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103
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Schaefer JK, Li Y, Gu X, Souphis NM, Haymart B, Kline-Rogers E, Almany SL, Kaatz S, Kozlowski JH, Krol GD, Sood SL, Froehlich JB, Barnes GD. Association of Adding Aspirin to Warfarin Therapy Without an Apparent Indication With Bleeding and Other Adverse Events. JAMA Intern Med 2019; 179:533-541. [PMID: 30830172 PMCID: PMC6450296 DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2018.7816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE It is not clear how often patients receive aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) while receiving oral anticoagulation with warfarin sodium without a clear therapeutic indication for aspirin, such as a mechanical heart valve replacement, recent percutaneous coronary intervention, or acute coronary syndrome. The clinical outcomes of such patients treated with warfarin and aspirin therapy compared with warfarin monotherapy are not well defined to date. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the frequency and outcomes of adding aspirin to warfarin for patients without a clear therapeutic indication for combination therapy. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A registry-based cohort study of adults enrolled at 6 anticoagulation clinics in Michigan (January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2017) who were receiving warfarin therapy for atrial fibrillation or venous thromboembolism without documentation of a recent myocardial infarction or history of valve replacement. EXPOSURE Aspirin use without therapeutic indication. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Rates of any bleeding, major bleeding events, emergency department visits, hospitalizations, and thrombotic events at 1, 2, and 3 years. RESULTS Of the study cohort of 6539 patients (3326 men [50.9%]; mean [SD] age, 66.1 [15.5] years), 2453 patients (37.5%) without a clear therapeutic indication for aspirin were receiving combination warfarin and aspirin therapy. Data from 2 propensity score-matched cohorts of 1844 patients were analyzed (warfarin and aspirin vs warfarin only). At 1 year, patients receiving combination warfarin and aspirin compared with those receiving warfarin only had higher rates of overall bleeding (cumulative incidence, 26.0%; 95% CI, 23.8%-28.3% vs 20.3%; 95% CI, 18.3%-22.3%; P < .001), major bleeding (5.7%; 95% CI, 4.6%-7.1% vs 3.3%; 95% CI, 2.4%-4.3%; P < .001), emergency department visits for bleeding (13.3%; 95% CI, 11.6%-15.1% vs 9.8%; 95% CI, 8.4%-11.4%; P = .001), and hospitalizations for bleeding (8.1%; 6.8%-9.6% vs 5.2%; 4.1%-6.4%; P = .001). Rates of thrombosis were similar, with a 1-year cumulative incidence of 2.3% (95% CI, 1.6%-3.1%) for those receiving combination warfarin and aspirin therapy compared with 2.7% (95% CI, 2.0%-3.6%) for those receiving warfarin alone (P = .40). Similar findings persisted during 3 years of follow-up as well as in sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Compared with warfarin monotherapy, receipt of combination warfarin and aspirin therapy was associated with increased bleeding and similar observed rates of thrombosis. Further research is needed to better stratify which patients may benefit from aspirin while anticoagulated with warfarin for atrial fibrillation or venous thromboembolism; clinicians should be judicious in selecting patients for combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan K Schaefer
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor
| | - Xiaokui Gu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Nicole M Souphis
- College Student, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Brian Haymart
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Eva Kline-Rogers
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Steven L Almany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Beaumont Health, Oakland University School of Medicine, Royal Oak, Michigan
| | - Scott Kaatz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Jay H Kozlowski
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Huron Valley Sinai Hospital, Commerce Township, Michigan
| | - Gregory D Krol
- Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Suman L Sood
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - James B Froehlich
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Geoffrey D Barnes
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
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104
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Guillaumin J, Gibson RMB, Goy-Thollot I, Bonagura JD. Thrombolysis with tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) in feline acute aortic thromboembolism: a retrospective study of 16 cases. J Feline Med Surg 2019; 21:340-346. [PMID: 29807505 PMCID: PMC10814639 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x18778157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Thrombolytic therapy is a treatment of choice for people with acute ischemic events, but is uncommonly administered for feline aortic thromboembolism (FATE). This study reports selected clinical data and outcomes of acute FATE treated with tissue plasminogen activator (TPA). A reference group treated with current standard of care (SOC) was analyzed for comparison. METHODS This was a retrospective study of FATE in two academic hospitals. TPA-treated cats with two or more limbs (n = 16) affected were compared with a SOC-treated group with two or more limbs affected (n = 38). A limb score based on motor function and pulse quality was calculated for each group. RESULTS Limb score and proportion of congestive heart failure at admission was similar in both groups. Time from FATE to admission was shorter in the TPA group, with a median of 3 h (range 0-6 h) vs 6 h (range 0-48 h; P = 0.0004). The most common regimen received for TPA was 1 mg/kg over 1 h. Other treatments were similar to those of the SOC group and included analgesia, thromboprophylaxis and furosemide. Documented complications for TPA-treated cats included reperfusion injury (5/10) and acute kidney injury (AKI; 3/10). Discharge proportion rate was 44% (TPA) vs 29% (SOC; P = 0.351). There were no differences in short-term survival rate (56.2% vs 39.5%; P = 0.369), clinical improvement (56.2% vs 31%; P = 0.122), rates of reperfusion injury (50% vs 50%; P = 1.00) or AKI (30% vs 27%; P = 1.00) between the TPA-treated and SOC groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Survival and complication rates of TPA-treated cats and SOC-treated cats for acute FATE were similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Guillaumin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ryan MB Gibson
- Veterinary Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - John D Bonagura
- Department of Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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105
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Zeballos-Palacios CL, Hargraves IG, Noseworthy PA, Branda ME, Kunneman M, Burnett B, Gionfriddo MR, McLeod CJ, Gorr H, Brito JP, Montori VM. Developing a Conversation Aid to Support Shared Decision Making: Reflections on Designing Anticoagulation Choice. Mayo Clin Proc 2019; 94:686-696. [PMID: 30642640 PMCID: PMC6450705 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2018.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Patient-centered care requires that treatments respond to the problematic situation of each patient in a manner that makes intellectual, emotional, and practical sense, an achievement that requires shared decision making (SDM). To implement SDM in practice, tools-sometimes called conversation aids or decision aids-are prepared by collating, curating, and presenting high-quality, comprehensive, and up-to-date evidence. Yet, the literature offers limited guidance for how to make evidence support SDM. Herein, we describe our approach and the challenges encountered during the development of Anticoagulation Choice, a conversation aid to help patients with atrial fibrillation and their clinicians jointly consider the risk of thromboembolic stroke and decide whether and how to respond to this risk with anticoagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ian G. Hargraves
- Knowledge and Evaluation Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Peter A. Noseworthy
- Knowledge and Evaluation Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Heart Rhythm Services, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Megan E. Branda
- Knowledge and Evaluation Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Marleen Kunneman
- Knowledge and Evaluation Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Bruce Burnett
- Thrombosis Clinic and Anticoagulation Services, Park Nicollet Health Services, St Louis Park, MN, USA
| | | | - Christopher J. McLeod
- Heart Rhythm Services, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Haeshik Gorr
- Department of Medicine, Hennepin Healthcare System, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Juan Pablo Brito
- Knowledge and Evaluation Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Victor M. Montori
- Knowledge and Evaluation Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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106
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Xiang RW, Han RB, Yang JY, Zhao MY, Zhao QC, Chen HS, Zhao FQ, Sun ZY, Zhao T, Song TY. Comparative efficacy and safety of multiple antiplatelet therapies for secondary prevention of ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack: A network meta-analysis. J Neurol Sci 2019; 399:199-206. [PMID: 30849580 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2019.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antiplatelet therapies for secondary prevention of ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a highly active research topic with five critical drugs obtained by visual analysis. We aimed to compare and rank multiple antiplatelet therapies using a network meta-analysis. METHODS Relevant medical databases were searched. Eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) which examined any comparisons involving mono- or dual antiplatelet therapies, based on aspirin, clopidogrel, dipyridamole, ticlopidine, cilostazol and placebo for patients with noncardioembolic ischemic stroke or TIA, were included. 14 outcomes were assessed. Primary outcomes were stroke recurrence, composite events (stroke recurrence, myocardial infarction and vascular death), and intracranial hemorrhage. PROSPERO registered number CRD42017069728. RESULTS 45 RCTs with 173,131 patients were included in network meta-analysis, involving eight antiplatelet therapies. Cilostazol and clopidogrel were statistically more efficacious than aspirin (odds ratio (OR) = 0.64, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.47-0.88; OR = 0.77, 95%CI = 0.62-0.95) and dipyridamole (OR = 0.64, 95%CI = 0.44-0.93; OR = 0.76, 95%CI = 0.58-0.99) in reducing stroke recurrence, and showed significant benefits in reducing composite events compared with aspirin (OR = 0.63, 95%CI = 0.45-0.89; OR = 0.90, 95%CI = 0.83-0.97). No significant difference was found between cilostazol and clopidogrel in intracranial hemorrhage. Weighted regression suggested cilostazol was hierarchically the optimum treatment in consideration of both efficacy and safety, followed by clopidogrel. CONCLUSION Cilostazol and clopidogrel are probably promising options for secondary prevention of ischemic stroke or TIA. Both of them reduce stroke recurrence similarly compared with aspirin or dipyridamole, and reduce composite events compared with aspirin. Further studies are needed to confirm this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Wu Xiang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
| | - Ruo-Bing Han
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jing-Yu Yang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
| | - Ming-Yi Zhao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Qing-Chun Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, The General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, 83 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Hui-Sheng Chen
- Department of Internal Neurology, The General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, 83 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Fang-Qing Zhao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhong-Yi Sun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Tong Zhao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ting-Yan Song
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Kang EYC, Lin YH, Wang NK, Yeung L, Luo C, Wu WC, Sun CC, Kang JH, Hung MJ, Chen TH. Aspirin use in central retinal arterial occlusion to prevent ischaemic stroke: a retrospective cohort study in Taiwan. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e025455. [PMID: 30819710 PMCID: PMC6398622 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To understand the efficacy of aspirin use for preventing ischaemic stroke after central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO). DESIGN The retrospective cohort study was conducted using the National Health Insurance Research Database from 1998 to 2013. SETTING A population-based study. PARTICIPANTS A total of 9437 participants with newly diagnosed CRAO were identified. Participants who had a previous stroke and/or retinal vascular occlusion, were aged <20 years and used aspirin 3 months before the event were excluded. There were 3778 eligible participants matched by propensity score, and they were divided into aspirin (n=434) and aspirin-naive (n=1736) groups after the matching. METHODS Cox proportional hazard models and cumulative survival curves were used to assess ischaemic stroke in the study groups, along with log-rank tests to compare group differences. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Incidence of ischaemic stroke in the aspirin and aspirin-naive groups 1 year after CRAO. RESULTS Of the 3778 patients with newly diagnosed CRAO, 151 (4%) had a subsequent ischaemic stroke within 1 year. The risk was especially high during the first week of the CRAO. No difference between the aspirin and aspirin-naive groups was found in risk of ischaemic stroke, haemorrhagic stroke, gastrointestinal bleeding, major bleeding, acute coronary syndrome, retinal vein occlusion, new-onset glaucoma, undergoing panretinal photocoagulation or all-cause mortality. Risk factors for ischaemic stroke within 1 year of CRAO included male gender (p=0.031; HR=1.46) and age (p=0.032; HR=1.14). CONCLUSIONS Aspirin use after a CRAO showed no benefit on attenuating the risk of ischaemic stroke. The risk of ischaemic stroke was increased after CRAO especially during the first week. Male gender and age were risk factors for ischaemic stroke after CRAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Yu-Chuan Kang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Hsuan Lin
- Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Nan-Kai Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ling Yeung
- Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Caesar Luo
- Bay Area Retina Associates, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Wei-Chi Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chin Sun
- Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
- Biostatistical Consultation Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Je-Ho Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yang Ming Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jui Hung
- Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Cardiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Hsing Chen
- Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Biostatistical Consultation Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
- Department of Cardiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
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108
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Morelli VM, Sejrup JK, Småbrekke B, Rinde LB, Grimnes G, Isaksen T, Hansen JB, Hindberg K, Brækkan SK. The Role of Stroke as a Trigger for Incident Venous Thromboembolism: Results from a Population-based Case-Crossover Study. TH OPEN 2019; 3:e50-e57. [PMID: 31249982 PMCID: PMC6524907 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1681020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is associated with a short-term increased risk of subsequent venous thromboembolism (VTE). It is unclear to what extent this association is mediated by stroke-related complications that are potential triggers for VTE, such as immobilization and infection. We aimed to investigate the role of acute stroke as a trigger for incident VTE while taking other concomitant VTE triggers into account. We conducted a population-based case-crossover study with 707 VTE patients. Triggers were registered during the 90 days before a VTE event (hazard period) and in four preceding 90-day control periods. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for VTE according to triggers. Stroke was registered in 30 of the 707 (4.2%) hazard periods and in 6 of the 2,828 (0.2%) control periods, resulting in a high risk of VTE, with odds ratios of 20.0 (95% CI: 8.3–48.1). After adjustments for immobilization and infection, odds ratios for VTE conferred by stroke were attenuated to 6.0 (95% CI: 1.6–22.1), and further to 4.0 (95% CI: 1.1–14.2) when other triggers (major surgery, red blood cell transfusion, trauma, and central venous catheter) were added to the regression model. A mediation analysis revealed that 67.8% of the total effect of stroke on VTE risk could be mediated through immobilization and infection. Analyses restricted to ischemic stroke yielded similar results. In conclusion, acute stroke was a trigger for VTE, and the association between stroke and VTE risk appeared to be largely mediated by immobilization and infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vânia M Morelli
- K. G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center (TREC), Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Joakim K Sejrup
- K. G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center (TREC), Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Birgit Småbrekke
- K. G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center (TREC), Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ludvig B Rinde
- K. G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center (TREC), Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Gro Grimnes
- K. G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center (TREC), Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Trond Isaksen
- K. G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center (TREC), Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - John-Bjarne Hansen
- K. G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center (TREC), Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Kristian Hindberg
- K. G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center (TREC), Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Sigrid K Brækkan
- K. G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center (TREC), Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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109
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Zerah L, Bun RS, Guillo S, Collet JP, Bonnet-Zamponi D, Tubach F. A prescription support-tool for chronic management of oral antithrombotic combinations in adults based on a systematic review of international guidelines. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211695. [PMID: 30763325 PMCID: PMC6375571 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral antithrombotic (AT) drugs, which include antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapies, are widely implicated in serious preventable bleeding events. Avoiding inappropriate oral AT combinations is a major concern. Numerous practical guidelines have been released; a document to enhance prescriptions of oral AT combinations for adults would be of great help. OBJECTIVE To synthesize guidelines on the prescription of oral AT combinations in adults and to create a prescription support-tool for clinicians about chronic management (≥ one month) of oral AT combinations. METHODS A systematic review of guidelines published between January 2012 and April 2017, in English or in French, from Trip database, Guideline International Network and PubMed, dealing with the prescription of oral ATs in adults was conducted. In-hospital management of ATs, bridging therapy and switches of ATs were not considered. Some specific topics requiring specialized follow-up (cancer, auto-immune disease, haemophilia, HIV, paediatrics and pregnancy) were excluded. Last update was made in November 2018. RESULTS A total of 885 guidelines were identified and 70 met the eligibility criteria. A prescription support-tool summarizing medical conditions requiring chronic management of oral AT combinations in adults with drug types, dosage and duration, on a double-sided page, was provided and tested by an external committee of physicians. The lack of specific guidelines for old people (age 75 years and older) is questioned considering the specific vulnerability of this age group to serious bleedings. CONCLUSIONS Recommendations on prescriptions about chronic management of oral AT combinations in adults were mainly consensual but dispersed in numerous guidelines according to the medical indication. We provide a prescription support-tool for clinicians. Further studies are needed to assess the impact of this tool on appropriate prescribing and the prevention of serious adverse drug events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorene Zerah
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département Biostatistique Santé Publique et Information Médicale, Unité de Recherche Clinique PSL-CFX, Centre de Pharmacoépidémiologie (Cephepi), Paris, France
- * E-mail:
| | - René-Sosata Bun
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département Biostatistique Santé Publique et Information Médicale, Unité de Recherche Clinique PSL-CFX, Centre de Pharmacoépidémiologie (Cephepi), Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Guillo
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département Biostatistique Santé Publique et Information Médicale, Unité de Recherche Clinique PSL-CFX, Centre de Pharmacoépidémiologie (Cephepi), Paris, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Collet
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Cardiologie, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Bonnet-Zamponi
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département Biostatistique Santé Publique et Information Médicale, Unité de Recherche Clinique PSL-CFX, Centre de Pharmacoépidémiologie (Cephepi), Paris, France
- Observatoire du Médicament des Dispositifs Médicaux et de l’Innovation Thérapeutique Ile de France (OMEDIT), Paris, France
| | - Florence Tubach
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département Biostatistique Santé Publique et Information Médicale, Unité de Recherche Clinique PSL-CFX, Centre de Pharmacoépidémiologie (Cephepi), Paris, France
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111
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Zhang J, Liu L, Tao J, Song Y, Fan Y, Gou M, Xu J. Prognostic role of early D-dimer level in patients with acute ischemic stroke. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211458. [PMID: 30707716 PMCID: PMC6358072 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECT The purpose of our study was to assess the prognostic role of early D-dimer level in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). METHODS The included patients' D-dimer levels have to be tested within 24 hours from stroke onset. Poor functional outcome was defined as modified Rankin Scale (mRS) ≥3. The endpoints included recurrence on 5-day diffusion-weighted imaging, 30-day mRS ≥3, 30-day mortality and 90-day mRS ≥3. Regarding to each endpoint, odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the prognostic role of D-dimer in patients with AIS. RESULTS A total of 2,479 patients were included. The results showed that elevated D-dimer levels were associated with recurrence on 5-day diffusion-weighted imaging (OR = 2.28, 95% CI = 1.32-3.95), 30-day mRS≥3 (OR = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.37-1.85), 30-day mortality (OR = 1.92, 95% CI = 1.27-2.90) and 90-day mRS≥3 (OR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.05-2.46). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, for patients with AIS, higher D-dimer level within 24 hours from stroke onset was associated with recurrence on 5-day diffusion-weighted imaging, mortality at 30 days, and poor functional outcome at both 30 days and 90 days. However, more studies are warranted to clarify this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neijiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Neijiang, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Jie Tao
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yanlin Song
- Department of Neurosurgery and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yimeng Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Maling Gou
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Jianguo Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
- * E-mail:
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112
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Core A, Pinner N, Bethea B, Starr JA. Timing of Anticoagulation in Atrial Fibrillation Status Post Cardioembolic Stroke. J Pharm Pract 2019; 33:612-617. [DOI: 10.1177/0897190019825577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Anticoagulation is the mainstay of secondary stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation; however, few studies have assessed the optimal timing for initiation of anticoagulation post cardioembolic stroke. In the 2 weeks following an acute cardioembolic stroke, the risk of recurrent stroke is as high as 8%, but this risk must be balanced against the risk of hemorrhagic transformation with early initiation of anticoagulation. Purpose: This study described the time to initiation of anticoagulation and evaluated the in-hospital incidence of hemorrhagic and ischemic complications in 106 patients with atrial fibrillation post an acute cardioembolic stroke. Methods: A single-center retrospective cohort study was conducted to describe the time to initiation of therapeutic anticoagulation in patients with atrial fibrillation admitted to the hospital for an acute cardioembolic stroke. The primary outcome was the time to initiation of anticoagulation from the time of stroke onset. Secondary outcomes included the incidence of in-hospital hemorrhagic and ischemic complications. Results: The median time to initiation of anticoagulation was 59.5 hours after stroke onset for those who did not receive thrombolytic therapy and 82.6 hours for those who did received thrombolytic therapy. Out of 100 patients initiated on anticoagulation, no ischemic complications were observed. Four patients experienced a hemorrhagic conversion following initiation of anticoagulation. In 3 of these patients, anticoagulation was initiated within 48 hours of stroke onset. Conclusion: A small percentage of patients experienced an in-house hemorrhagic conversion when anticoagulation was initiated between 48 hours and 7 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Core
- Pharmacy Department, Princeton Baptist Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Nathan Pinner
- Pharmacy Practice Department, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Brittany Bethea
- Pharmacy Practice Department, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Jessica A. Starr
- Pharmacy Practice Department, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
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113
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Antiplatelet Drugs in the Management of Cerebral Ischemia. Platelets 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-813456-6.00057-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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114
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Hao Q, Tampi M, O'Donnell M, Foroutan F, Siemieniuk RA, Guyatt G. Clopidogrel plus aspirin versus aspirin alone for acute minor ischaemic stroke or high risk transient ischaemic attack: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2018; 363:k5108. [PMID: 30563866 PMCID: PMC6298178 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.k5108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effectiveness and safety of dual agent antiplatelet therapy combining clopidogrel and aspirin to prevent recurrent thrombotic and bleeding events compared with aspirin alone in patients with acute minor ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA). DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised, placebo controlled trials. DATA SOURCES Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, WHO website, PsycINFO, and grey literature up to 4 July 2018. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES AND METHODS Two reviewers independently screened potentially eligible studies according to predefined selection criteria and assessed the risk of bias using a modified version of the Cochrane risk of bias tool. A third team member reviewed all final decisions, and the team resolved disagreements through discussion. When reports omitted data that were considered important, clarification and additional information was sought from the authors. The analysis was conducted in RevMan 5.3 and MAGICapp based on GRADE methodology. RESULTS Three eligible trials involving 10 447 participants were identified. Compared with aspirin alone, dual antiplatelet therapy with clopidogrel and aspirin that was started within 24 hours of symptom onset reduced the risk of non-fatal recurrent stroke (relative risk 0.70, 95% confidence interval 0.61 to 0.80, I2=0%, absolute risk reduction 1.9%, high quality evidence), without apparent impact on all cause mortality (1.27, 0.73 to 2.23, I2=0%, moderate quality evidence) but with a likely increase in moderate or severe extracranial bleeding (1.71, 0.92 to 3.20, I2=32%, absolute risk increase 0.2%, moderate quality evidence). Most stroke events, and the separation in incidence curves between dual and single therapy arms, occurred within 10 days of randomisation; any benefit after 21 days is extremely unlikely. CONCLUSIONS Dual antiplatelet therapy with clopidogrel and aspirin given within 24 hours after high risk TIA or minor ischaemic stroke reduces subsequent stroke by about 20 in 1000 population, with a possible increase in moderate to severe bleeding of 2 per 1000 population. Discontinuation of dual antiplatelet therapy within 21 days, and possibly as early as 10 days, of initiation is likely to maximise benefit and minimise harms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiukui Hao
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics (National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Malavika Tampi
- American Dental Association, Center for Evidence-based Dentistry, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Martin O'Donnell
- Health Research Board Clinical Research Facility, Department of Medicine, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Farid Foroutan
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Reed Ac Siemieniuk
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Gordon Guyatt
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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115
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Treatment of bleeding complications in patients on anticoagulant therapy. Blood 2018; 133:425-435. [PMID: 30559261 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-06-820746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Anticoagulant therapy is often refrained from out of fear of hemorrhagic complications. The most frequent type of major bleeding is gastrointestinal, but intracranial hemorrhage has the worst prognosis. Management of these complications in patients on anticoagulants should follow the same routines as for nonanticoagulated patients, as described here with the previously mentioned bleeds as examples. In addition, for life-threatening or massive hemorrhages, reversal of the anticoagulant effect is also crucial. Adequate reversal requires information on which anticoagulant the patient has taken and when the last dose was ingested. Laboratory data can be of some help, but not for all anticoagulants in the emergency setting. This is reviewed here for the different types of anticoagulants: vitamin K antagonists, heparins, fondaparinux, thrombin inhibitors and factor Xa inhibitors. Specific antidotes for the latter are becoming available, but supportive care and nonspecific support for hemostasis with antifibrinolytic agents or prothrombin complex concentrates, which are widely available, should be kept in mind.
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116
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Djatche LM, Varga S, Lieberthal RD. Cost-Effectiveness of Aspirin Adherence for Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Events. PHARMACOECONOMICS - OPEN 2018; 2:371-380. [PMID: 29691782 PMCID: PMC6249193 DOI: 10.1007/s41669-018-0075-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suboptimal adherence to aspirin therapy for secondary prevention of cardiovascular (CV) events is an important public health problem. Prior studies have demonstrated non-adherent patients are at higher risk of experiencing CV events. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to estimate the clinical and economic outcomes of aspirin non-adherence in patients with a prior primary CV event. METHODS We developed a Markov model to estimate the cost-effectiveness of aspirin adherence from a generic US managed care payer perspective over a 5-year time horizon. Costs, utilities and rates of aspirin adherence, CV events and adverse events were gathered from published literature to populate the model. Outcomes were quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), costs (US$) and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs). We applied the model separately to a population without type II diabetes as a comorbidity (non-diabetic model) and a population with type II diabetes (type II diabetes model). A one-way sensitivity analysis was performed to assess the model uncertainty. RESULTS The base case showed adherent patients lived 0.25 and 0.36 QALYs longer than non-adherent patients in the non-diabetic model and type II diabetes model, respectively. Adherence to aspirin had an ICER of US$25/QALY in the non-diabetic population, while it saved US$297 per patient over a 5-year period in the type II diabetes population. One-way sensitivity analysis showed the models were most sensitive to rates of non-fatal events in non-adherent patients. CONCLUSION This study suggests aspirin adherence may improve QALYs for patients with a prior primary CV event. Further, it may decrease costs in patients with type II diabetes. While additional research is needed to validate these results, payers may wish to increase strategies to promote adherence in order to improve population health. TRIAL REGISTRATION Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence M. Djatche
- Jefferson College of Population Health, Thomas Jefferson University, 901 Walnut Street, 10th Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA
| | - Stefan Varga
- Jefferson College of Population Health, Thomas Jefferson University, 901 Walnut Street, 10th Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA
| | - Robert D. Lieberthal
- Department of Public Health, College of Education, Health, and Human Sciences, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 1914 Andy Holt Ave., 386 HPER, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA
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Anesthetic Management of a Patient With Ongoing Thrombolytic Therapy During Decompressive Craniectomy: A Case Report. A A Pract 2018; 11:304-308. [PMID: 29894343 DOI: 10.1213/xaa.0000000000000813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Decompressive craniectomy (DC) is a therapeutic alternative for reducing intracranial pressure after a middle cerebral artery stroke. If thrombolytic therapy is administered, craniectomy is usually postponed for at least 24 hours due to a risk of severe bleeding. We describe a case in which DC was performed on a 38-year-old man who received thrombolytic therapy for an ischemic stroke involving the middle cerebral artery. His neurological and hemodynamic status worsened during its administration, and DC was performed 6 hours after thrombolysis was performed. Fibrinolytic coagulopathy was successfully managed by monitoring fibrinogen levels and with the administration of cryoprecipitate and tranexamic acid.
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118
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Alkhouli M, Holmes DR. Blaming the PFO in patients with cryptogenic ischaemic stroke: Round 2. Eur Heart J 2018; 40:925-927. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Alkhouli
- Division of Cardiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - David R Holmes
- Department of Cardiology, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
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119
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Böttger P, Grond M, Lemm H, Buerke M. [Ten key messages regarding embolic stroke of undetermined source and cryptogenic stroke]. Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed 2018; 113:664-671. [PMID: 30155725 DOI: 10.1007/s00063-018-0470-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cryptogenic stroke is a cerebral infarction where no source of cardioembolic events, no microangiopathy with lacunar infarcts, and no macroangiopathy with high-grade stenosis of the cerebral arteries can be detected. However, cryptogenic stroke is not operationally defined. The new concept of the embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS) is defined as a nonlacunar stroke in cerebral imaging and exclusion of significant stenosis of the cerebral arteries by angiographic or ultrasound techniques. Cardiac embolic sources must be excluded by ECG monitoring and echocardiography. At the moment, secondary prevention in patients with ESUS is performed with acetylsalicylic acid. The question of whether non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (NOAK) are effective in these patients for secondary prevention is currently being investigated in randomized trials. The acute treatment of cryptogenic stroke/ESUS does not differ from other stroke subtypes because the stroke etiology is often not known initially, but can be identified during the course of treatment in the stroke unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Böttger
- Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Kardiologie, Angiologie, Internistische Intensivmedizin, St. Marienkrankenhaus Siegen, Herz und Gefäßzentrum Südwestfalen, Kampenstr. 51, 57072, Siegen, Deutschland. .,Klinik für Neurologie, Kreisklinikum Siegen, Weidenauerstr. 76, 57076, Siegen, Deutschland.
| | - M Grond
- Klinik für Neurologie, Kreisklinikum Siegen, Weidenauerstr. 76, 57076, Siegen, Deutschland.,Klinik für Neurologie, Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg, Baldingerstraße, 35033, Marburg, Deutschland
| | - H Lemm
- Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Kardiologie, Angiologie, Internistische Intensivmedizin, St. Marienkrankenhaus Siegen, Herz und Gefäßzentrum Südwestfalen, Kampenstr. 51, 57072, Siegen, Deutschland
| | - M Buerke
- Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Kardiologie, Angiologie, Internistische Intensivmedizin, St. Marienkrankenhaus Siegen, Herz und Gefäßzentrum Südwestfalen, Kampenstr. 51, 57072, Siegen, Deutschland.,Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin III, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06097, Halle/Saale, Deutschland
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120
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Varvat J, Epinat M, Montmartin A, Accassat S, Boutet C, Garcin A, Li G, Malergue F, Chapelle C, Laporte S, Garnier P, Lambert C, Mallouk N, Mismetti P. Role of platelet α2-adrenoreceptor in biological low response to Clopidogrel for patients with non cardioembolic ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack. Am J Transl Res 2018; 10:2712-2721. [PMID: 30210708 PMCID: PMC6129516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Low biological response to Clopidogrel prescribed after non cardioembolic ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a major clinical problem and could explain the recurrence of vascular events. Platelet α2-adrenoreceptors are involved in the high residual platelet reactivity in stable coronary artery disease patients on dual antiplatelet therapy. In the present study we investigated the impact of platelet α2-adrenoreceptors on ADP-induced platelet aggregation and on ADP-induced platelet membrane CD62P (P-selectin) expression, a marker of platelet activation on blood samples from patients hospitalized at the acute phase of a non cardioembolic ischemic stroke or TIA. METHODS 72 consecutive patients were prospectively recruited over the course of two years in a monocentric study. Patients received a daily 75 mg-dose of Clopidogrel. ADP-induced platelet aggregation was measured alone, with low dose epinephrine or with atipamezole, a selective α blocker of α2-adrenoreceptors, by Light Transmittance Aggregometry (LTA). Platelet membrane expression of P-selectin was measured by flow cytometry with either ADP alone or combined with epinephrine. RESULTS Epinephrine at low dose stimulated ADP-induced platelet membrane expression of CD62P whereas Atipamezole significantly inhibited 10 µM ADP-induced platelet aggregation. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed the role of platelet α2-adrenoreceptors in biological low response to Clopidogrel for patients hospitalized for a non-cardioembolic ischemic stroke or TIA. Atipamezole could improve the status of biological response to Clopidogrel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Varvat
- Neurovascular Unit, Saint-Etienne University Hospital Center, North HospitalSaint-Etienne F-42055, France
- University of Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, Inserm, Sainbiose U1089Saint-Etienne F-42023, France
| | - Magali Epinat
- Neurovascular Unit, Saint-Etienne University Hospital Center, North HospitalSaint-Etienne F-42055, France
- University of Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, Inserm, Sainbiose U1089Saint-Etienne F-42023, France
| | - Aurélie Montmartin
- University of Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, Inserm, Sainbiose U1089Saint-Etienne F-42023, France
| | - Sandrine Accassat
- Vascular and Therapeutic Medicine Department, Saint-Etienne University Hospital Center, North HospitalSaint-Etienne F-42055, France
- Inserm, CIC1408Saint-Etienne F-42055, France
| | - Claire Boutet
- University of Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, Inserm, Sainbiose U1089Saint-Etienne F-42023, France
- Radiology Department, Saint-Etienne University Hospital Center, North HospitalSaint-Etienne F-42055, France
| | - Arnauld Garcin
- Clinical Research, Innovation and Pharmacology Unit, Saint-Etienne University Hospital Center, North HospitalSaint-Etienne F-42055, France
| | - Guorong Li
- Urology Department, Saint-Etienne University Hospital Center, North HospitalSaint-Etienne F-42055, France
| | | | - Céline Chapelle
- Clinical Research, Innovation and Pharmacology Unit, Saint-Etienne University Hospital Center, North HospitalSaint-Etienne F-42055, France
| | - Silvy Laporte
- University of Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, Inserm, Sainbiose U1089Saint-Etienne F-42023, France
- Inserm, CIC1408Saint-Etienne F-42055, France
- Clinical Research, Innovation and Pharmacology Unit, Saint-Etienne University Hospital Center, North HospitalSaint-Etienne F-42055, France
| | - Pierre Garnier
- Neurovascular Unit, Saint-Etienne University Hospital Center, North HospitalSaint-Etienne F-42055, France
- University of Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, Inserm, Sainbiose U1089Saint-Etienne F-42023, France
| | - Claude Lambert
- Immunology Department, Saint-Etienne University Hospital Center, North HospitalSaint-Etienne F-42055, France
| | - Nora Mallouk
- Vascular and Therapeutic Medicine Department, Saint-Etienne University Hospital Center, North HospitalSaint-Etienne F-42055, France
- University of Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, PRISMe, CMESSaint-Etienne F-42023, France
| | - Patrick Mismetti
- Vascular and Therapeutic Medicine Department, Saint-Etienne University Hospital Center, North HospitalSaint-Etienne F-42055, France
- Neurovascular Unit, Saint-Etienne University Hospital Center, North HospitalSaint-Etienne F-42055, France
- University of Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, Inserm, Sainbiose U1089Saint-Etienne F-42023, France
- Clinical Research, Innovation and Pharmacology Unit, Saint-Etienne University Hospital Center, North HospitalSaint-Etienne F-42055, France
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Selim M, Rakhra A, Kassim T, Sen R, Jabbari J, Valenta C. Cerebral Sinus Venous Thrombosis in a Patient Using Etonogestrel/Ethinyl Estradiol Vaginal Ring. Cureus 2018; 10:e3103. [PMID: 30338179 PMCID: PMC6175201 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.3103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A case of 43-year-old female presented to the emergency department (ED) with a new onset grand mal tonic-clonic seizure lasting at least two minutes with post-ictal confusion. Imaging was consistent with cerebral sinus venous thrombosis (CSVT) associated with intracranial hemorrhage. After ruling out most common causes of thrombosis, the etiology was attributed to estrogen vaginal ring. The patient was treated with anticoagulation therapy and had increasing hemorrhagic changes in the first few days, which eventually improved. The estimated annual incidence of cerebral sinus vein thromboses is approximately 3-4 cases per 1 million adults, mostly occurring in females. More than 80% of patients have favorable neurologic outcomes due to increased awareness of the condition as well as availability of advanced imagining and treatment options. The treatment is still controversial due to the high risk of intracranial hemorrhage with sinus thrombosis, especially for patients on anticoagulation. Still, most guidelines support starting anticoagulation. In this report, we highlight the association of CSVT with estrogen vaginal ring and discuss recent management recommendations per different society guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Selim
- Internal Medicine, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, USA
| | | | - Thamer Kassim
- Internal Medicine, Creighton University Medical Center, Omaha, USA
| | - Rouhin Sen
- Internal Medicine, CHI Creighton University Medical Center, Omaha, USA
| | - Javaneh Jabbari
- General Surgery, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, USA
| | - Carrie Valenta
- Internal Medicine, Creighton University Medical Center, Omaha, USA
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Zhang JX, Guo JM, Lin HJ, Zhang TT, Li ZG, Zhou JC, Zhang ZZ. Neuroprotective effects of Yiqihuoxue calm wind capsule on ischemic stroke in rats. Chin J Nat Med 2018; 15:758-765. [PMID: 29103461 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(17)30107-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Stroke remains the third leading cause of death and of adult disability worldwide. Vascular occlusion, followed by ischemic cascade, leads to irreversible tissue injury. Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator is the only FDA approved drug for the current treatment of acute ischemic stroke. However, traditional Chinese medicine has a long history and rich clinical experience in the treatment and rehabilitation of ischemic stroke. Using a classical middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) stroke model, we tested the effectiveness of Yiqihuoxue calm wind (YCW) capsule on neurological function, gross pathology and oxidative stress status in MCAO rats. YCW capsule (3.36 and 6.72 g·kg-1 of crude drug) could significantly lower Longa's score and superoxide dismutase (SOD) level, together with less necrotic cells and infarcted area. In addition to elevated MDA and downregulated iNOS expression, YCW capsule exhibited its neuroprotective effects via free radical scavenging and NO inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Xia Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Department of Pharmacology, Henan Provincial Institute of Food and Drug Control, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Jiao-Mei Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, Henan Provincial Institute of Food and Drug Control, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Hong-Jun Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, Henan Provincial Institute of Food and Drug Control, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Ting-Ting Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Henan Provincial Institute of Food and Drug Control, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Zhen-Guo Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Henan Provincial Institute of Food and Drug Control, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Ji-Chun Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Henan Provincial Institute of Food and Drug Control, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Zhen-Zhong Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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Sahar-Helft S, Chackartchi T, Polak D, Findler M. Dental treatment in the era of new anti-thrombotic agents. Int Dent J 2018; 68:131-137. [DOI: 10.1111/idj.12322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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124
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Moriarty CR, Alvarez-Gonzalez G. Unrelenting headache as a sign of cerebral venous thrombosis progression despite therapeutic anticoagulation with warfarin and improving motor function: A case report. INTERDISCIPLINARY NEUROSURGERY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inat.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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125
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Perera KS, Swaminathan B, Veltkamp R, Arauz A, Ameriso S, Marti-Fabregas J, Arnold M, Hankey GJ, Lutsep H, Hart RG. Frequency and features of embolic stroke of undetermined source in young adults. Eur Stroke J 2018; 3:110-116. [PMID: 31008343 PMCID: PMC6460410 DOI: 10.1177/2396987318755585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The sources of emboli in those with embolic stroke of undetermined source may differ in old and young. We assessed the frequency, features and potential embolic sources of younger vs. older embolic stroke of undetermined source patients in the embolic stroke of undetermined source Global Registry. PATIENTS AND METHODS Cross-sectional study of consecutive patients over age 18 years, with recent ischaemic strokes at 19 centres conducted in 2013-2014. Characteristics of embolic stroke of undetermined source patients who aged ≤50 years were analysed and compared with embolic stroke of undetermined source patients who aged >50 years. RESULTS Among 2144 patients with ischaemic stroke, 323 (15.1%, 95% confidence interval: 13.6-16.7%) were ≤50 years old and, 1821 >50 years. 24% (n = 78) of young vs. 15% (n = 273) of older patients met embolic stroke of undetermined source criteria. The mean age of young embolic stroke of undetermined source patients was 40 years (standard deviation +/-9), 33% were women and the most prevalent vascular risk factor was hypertension (38%). Conventional vascular risk factors were less frequent in younger embolic stroke of undetermined source patients. Fewer young embolic stroke of undetermined source patients (63%) had potential minor risk embolic sources identified vs. older embolic stroke of undetermined source patients (77%) (p = 0.02). Stroke severity on admission was similar in younger vs. older patients (National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) 3 vs. 4, p = 0.06). DISCUSSION Young embolic stroke of undetermined source patients comprise an important subset of ischaemic stroke patients around the world. Severity of stroke on admission and 30-day mortality rates are similar among young and older patients. However, there are important differences between younger vs. older embolic stroke of undetermined source patients with respect to risk factors, and potential embolic sources that could affect response to anticoagulants vs. antiplatelet therapies. CONCLUSION This study provides a benchmark for the global frequency and characteristics of young embolic stroke of undetermined source patients and shows consistent high frequency of embolic stroke of undetermined source in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanjana S Perera
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Balakumar Swaminathan
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Antonio Arauz
- Instituto Nacional de Neurologia y Neurocirugia, Mexico DF, Mexico
| | | | - Joan Marti-Fabregas
- Servei de Neurologia – Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Marcel Arnold
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Berne, Inselspital Berne, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Graeme J Hankey
- Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Helmi Lutsep
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Robert G Hart
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
Purpose of review Decision-making on resuming oral anticoagulant (OAC) after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) evokes significant debate among clinicians. Such patients have been excluded from randomized clinical trials. This review article provides a comprehensive summary of the evidence on anticoagulation resumption after ICH. Recent findings OAC resumption does not increase the risk of recurrent ICH and can also reduce the risk of all-cause mortality. OAC cessation exposes patients to a significantly higher risk of thromboembolism, which could be reduced by resumption. The optimal timing of anticoagulation resumption after ICH is still unknown. Both early (< 2 weeks) and late (> 4 weeks) resumption should be reached only after very careful assessment of risks for ICH recurrence and thromboembolism. The introduction of new oral anticoagulants and other interventions, such as left atrial appendage closure, has provided some patients with more alternatives. Summary Given the lack of high-quality evidence to guide clinical decision-making, clinicians must carefully balance the risks of thromboembolism and recurrent ICH in individual patients. We propose a management approach which would facilitate the decision-making process on whether anticoagulation is appropriate, as well as when and how to restart anticoagulation after ICH.
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Raccah BH, Perlman A, Zwas DR, Hochberg-Klein S, Masarwa R, Muszkat M, Matok I. Gender Differences in Efficacy and Safety of Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Atrial Fibrillation: Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis. Ann Pharmacother 2018; 52:1135-1142. [PMID: 29681165 DOI: 10.1177/1060028018771264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies indicate that women with atrial fibrillation (AF) are less likely to receive anticoagulants despite their higher risk of stroke compared with men. OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether the efficacy and safety of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) differ in women with AF as compared with men. Our secondary aim was to examine gender differences regarding the safety and efficacy of specific DOACs. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched through March 2017. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION Randomized clinical trials that reported on major bleeding and stroke with DOACs in women and men with AF were included. Meta-analysis and network meta-analysis was performed. DATA SYNTHESIS Five trials met the inclusion criteria. Among 66 389 patients, 37.8% were women. Women treated with DOACs were at higher risk of stroke and systemic embolism compared with men (RR = 1.19; 95% CI = 1.04-1.35; I2 = 10%) but there was a significantly lower risk of major bleeding in women compared with men (RR = 0.86; 95% CI = 0.78-0.94; I2 = 0%). Network meta-analyses suggested differences between various DOACs in men and women. LIMITATIONS Patient-level data enabling control for differences in baseline risk and head-to-head comparisons between DOACs were not available. Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice: Undertreatment with DOACs among women cannot be justified. CONCLUSION Women treated with DOACs had a lower rate of major bleeding and higher rate of stroke and systemic emboli compared with men. Further investigation of DOACs, including differences between the DOACs in specific populations is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruria Hirsh Raccah
- 1 Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem.,2 Department of Cardiology, Hadassah University Hospital
| | - Amichai Perlman
- 1 Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem.,3 Department of Medicine, Hadassah University Hospital, Mt. Scopus
| | - Donna R Zwas
- 4 Linda Joy Pollin Cardiovascular Wellness Center for Women, Department of Cardiology, Hadassah University Hospital
| | | | - Reem Masarwa
- 1 Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
| | | | - Ilan Matok
- 1 Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
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Wu YM, Zhai YD, Zhou YT, Tang SM, Li XY, Jia LF, Meng XB, Zhang H, Sun GB, Sun XB. Protection of Shuxuetong combined with aspirin against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury through ameliorating coagulation and fibrinolysis system. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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129
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Khan MT, Ikram A, Saeed O, Afridi T, Sila CA, Smith MS, Irshad K, Shuaib A. Deep Vein Thrombosis in Acute Stroke - A Systemic Review of the Literature. Cureus 2017; 9:e1982. [PMID: 29503776 PMCID: PMC5825043 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.1982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a systemic review of available literature on the complications of deep venous thrombosis that develops in patients presenting with acute stroke. There are several pharmacological and physical treatment options available and used. We aim to summarize the management plans currently used at different centers. In conclusion, low-dose anticoagulant therapy for ischemic stroke is recommended. In the case of intracerebral hemorrhage, pneumatic sequential compression devices should be placed initially, followed by the administration of ultra-fractioned heparin on the next day, and then oral anticoagulant therapy to replace the heparin after a week in high-risk patients. Similar prophylactic treatment recommendations are used for subarachnoid hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Asad Ikram
- Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Omar Saeed
- Department of Neurology, Zeenat Qureshi Stroke Insitute
| | | | - Cathy A Sila
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine
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130
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Cai LL, Huang WQ, Su ZY, Ye HM, Wang LS, Wu Y, Zhang ZY, Zhang W, Tzeng CM. Identification of two novel genes SLC15A2 and SLCO1B3 associated with maintenance dose variability of warfarin in a Chinese population. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17379. [PMID: 29234073 PMCID: PMC5727167 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17731-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Warfarin is a commonly prescribed and effective oral anticoagulant. Genetic polymorphisms associated with warfarin metabolism and sensitivity have been implicated in the wide inter-individual dose variation that is observed. Several algorithms integrating patients’ clinical characteristics and genetic polymorphism information have been explored to predict warfarin dose. However, most of these algorithms could explain only over half of the variation in a warfarin maintenance dose, suggesting that additional genetic factors may exist and need to be identified. Here, a drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) Core Panel Kit-based pharmacogenetic study was performed to screen for warfarin dose-associated SNP sites in Han-Chinese population patients taking warfarin therapy, and the screen was followed by pyrosequencing-based validation. Finally, we confirmed that the common variant rs9923231 in VKORC1 and two novel genes, SLC15A2 (rs1143671 and rs1143672) and SLCO1B3 (rs4149117 and rs7311358), are associated with the warfarin maintenance dose. As has been shown for those carriers with the variant rs9923231 in VKORC1, it was suggested that those subjects with homozygous minor alleles in those four SNPs should take a lower warfarin dose than those carrying the wild type alleles. Together with the established predictor rs9923231 in VKORC1, those four novel variants on SLC15A2 and SLCO1B3 should be considered as useful biomarkers for warfarin dose adjustment in clinical practice in Han-Chinese populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Liang Cai
- Translational Medicine Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Sheng, China
| | - Wen-Qing Huang
- Translational Medicine Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Sheng, China
| | - Zhi-Ying Su
- Clinical Research Laboratory, Xiamen's Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Teaching Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Sheng, China
| | - Hui-Ming Ye
- Translational Medicine Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Sheng, China.,Clinical Research Laboratory, Xiamen's Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Teaching Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Sheng, China
| | - Lian-Sheng Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Sheng, China
| | - Yuan Wu
- Department of cardiac surgery, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Sheng, China
| | - Zhong-Ying Zhang
- Department of Clinical laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Sheng, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Sheng, China.
| | - Chi-Meng Tzeng
- Translational Medicine Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Sheng, China.
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131
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Kulhari A, Dorn E, Pace J, Alambyan V, Chen S, Wu OC, Rizvi M, Hammond A, Ramos-Estebanez C. Acute Ischemic Pediatric Stroke Management: An Extended Window for Mechanical Thrombectomy? Front Neurol 2017; 8:634. [PMID: 29238322 PMCID: PMC5712569 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a rare condition to afflict the pediatric population. Congenital cardiomyopathy represents one of several possible etiologies in children. We report a 9-year-old boy who developed right middle cerebral artery stroke secondary to primary restrictive cardiomyopathy. In the absence of pediatric guidelines, the child met adult criteria for mechanical thrombectomy given the small core infarct and large penumbra. The literature suggests children may benefit from mechanical thrombectomy in carefully selected cases. Our patient exemplifies specific circumstances in which acute stroke therapy with thrombolysis and thrombectomy may be safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kulhari
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Neurological Institute, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Elizabeth Dorn
- Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Jonathan Pace
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Neurological Institute, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Vilakshan Alambyan
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Neurological Institute, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Stephanie Chen
- Department of Physiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Osmond C Wu
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Neurological Institute, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Macym Rizvi
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Neurological Institute, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Anthony Hammond
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Ciro Ramos-Estebanez
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Neurological Institute, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH, United States
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Kreutz R, Llau J, Norrving B, Haas S, Turpie A. Management consensus guidance for the use of rivaroxaban – an oral, direct factor Xa inhibitor. Thromb Haemost 2017; 108:876-86. [PMID: 23014816 DOI: 10.1160/th12-03-0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
SummaryA number of novel oral anticoagulants that directly target factor Xa or thrombin have been developed in recent years. Rivaroxaban and apixaban (direct factor Xa inhibitors) and dabigatran etexilate (a direct thrombin inhibitor) have shown considerable promise in large-scale, randomised clinical studies for the management of thromboembolic disorders, and have been approved for clinical use in specific indications. Rivaroxaban is licensed for the prevention of venous thromboembolism in patients undergoing elective hip or knee replacement surgery, the treatment of deep-vein thrombosis and prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism, and for stroke prevention in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation. Based on the clinical trial data for rivaroxaban, feedback on its use in clinical practice and the authors’ experience with the use of rivaroxaban, practical guidance for the use of rivaroxaban in special patient populations and specific clinical situations is provided. Although most recommendations are in line with the European summary of product characteristics for the approved indications, additional and, in several areas, different recommendations are given based on review of the literature and the authors’ clinical experience.
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133
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Makimoto H, Kurt M, Gliem M, Lee JI, Schmidt J, Müller P, Clasen L, Brinkmeyer C, Shin DI, Jander S, Kelm M, Fürnkranz A. High Incidence of Atrial Fibrillation After Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source in Posterior Cerebral Artery Territory. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:JAHA.117.007448. [PMID: 29187386 PMCID: PMC5779051 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.007448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Subclinical atrial fibrillation is one possible cause of embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS). It remains to be elucidated if a specific infarction site has a predictive value for detecting subclinical atrial fibrillation. We aimed to investigate the predictive value of infarction site in patients with ESUS for the detection of atrial tachyarrhythmia (AT) using an insertable cardiac monitor. Methods and Results Consecutive 146 patients (84 men; aged 62±12 years) underwent insertable cardiac monitor implantation after diagnosis of ESUS. The detection of AT >30 seconds was evaluated. The ESUS infarction sites were categorized into internal carotid artery and vertebral artery (VA) territories, with ophthalmic artery, anterior cerebral artery, and middle cerebral artery as internal carotid artery subterritories, and posterior cerebral artery and other vertebrobasilar arteries as VA subterritories. During a median follow‐up of 387 days, AT was detected in 33 patients (23%). Subclinical AT detection was significantly more frequent after VA territorial infarction opposed to internal carotid artery infarction (20/57 [35%] versus 13/89 [15%]; P=0.0039). Kaplan‐Meier analysis demonstrated a significantly higher AT detection rate after VA infarction (log‐rank, P=0.0076). Regression analysis revealed that VA territorial infarction, and particularly posterior cerebral artery area infarction, was an independent predictor of AT detection. Conclusions Patients with ESUS in the posterior cerebral artery territory had a higher rate of subclinical AT detection than those with other infarct localizations. Our data suggest that the possible usefulness of ESUS site to identify candidates for direct oral anticoagulation should be confirmed in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisaki Makimoto
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Service, Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Muhammed Kurt
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Service, Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Gliem
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - John-Ih Lee
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jan Schmidt
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Service, Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Patrick Müller
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Service, Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lukas Clasen
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Service, Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christoph Brinkmeyer
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Service, Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dong-In Shin
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Service, Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sebastian Jander
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Malte Kelm
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Service, Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alexander Fürnkranz
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Service, Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Agnelli G, Paciaroni M. Should oral anticoagulants be restarted after warfarin-associated cerebral haemorrhage in patients with atrial fibrillation? Thromb Haemost 2017; 111:14-8. [DOI: 10.1160/th13-08-0667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
SummaryIntracranial haemorrhage (ICH), which affects up to 1% of patients on oral anticoagulation per year, is the most feared and devastating complication of this treatment. After such an event, it is unclear whether anticoagulant therapy should be resumed. Such a decision hinges upon the assessment of the competing risks of haematoma growth or recurrent ICH and thromboembolic events. ICH location and the risk for ischaemic cerebrovascular event seem to be the key factors that lead to risk/benefit balance of restarting anticoagulation after ICH. Patients with lobar haemorrhage or cerebral amyloid angiopathy remain at higher risk for anticoagulant-related ICH recurrence than thromboembolic events and, therefore would be best managed without anticoagulants. Patients with deep hemispheric ICH and a baseline risk of ischemic stroke >6.5% per year, that corresponds to CHADS2 ≥ 4 or CHA2DS2-VASc ≥ 5, may receive net benefit from restarting anticoagulation. To date, a reasonable recommendation regarding time to resumption of anticoagulation therapy would be after 10 weeks. Available data regarding the role of magnetic resonance imaging in assessing the risks of both ICH and warfarin-related ICH do not support the use of this test for excluding anticoagulation in patients with atrial fibrillation.
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van Rein N, de Geus KS, Cannegieter SC, Reitsma PH, van der Meer FJM, Lijfering WM. Multi-dose drug dispensing as a tool to improve medication adherence: A study in patients using vitamin K antagonists. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2017; 27:46-51. [PMID: 29108127 DOI: 10.1002/pds.4346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Multi-dose drug dispensing (MDD) is a dosing aid that provides patients with disposable bags containing all drugs intended for 1 dosing moment. MDD is believed to increase medication adherence, but studies are based on self-reported data, and results may depend on socially desirable answers. Therefore, our purpose was to determine the effect of MDD on medication adherence in non-adherent patients taking vitamin K antagonists (VKAs), and to compare with instructing patients on medication use. METHODS We conducted a before-after study in non-adherent patients where MDD was the exposure and change in adherence after MDD initiation was the outcome (within patient comparison). Time in therapeutic range (TTR) was selected as a measure for adherence, as this reflects stability of VKA treatment. To analyze whether MDD improved adherence as compared with standard care (ie, letters or calls from nurses of the anticoagulation clinic), non-adherent patients without MDD were also followed to estimate their TTR change over time (between patient comparison). RESULTS Eighty-three non-adherent VKA patients started using MDD. The median TTR was 63% before MDD and 73% 6 months after MDD. The within patient TTR increased on average by 13% (95%CI 6% to 21%) within 1 month after starting MDD and remained stable during the next 5 months. The TTR of MDD-patients increased 10% (95%CI 2% to 19%) higher as compared with non-MDD patients within 1 month but was similar after 4 months (TTR difference 3%, 95%CI -2% to 9%). CONCLUSIONS Adherence improved after initiation of MDD. Compared with instructing patients, MDD was associated with better adherence within 1 month but was associated with similar improvement after 4 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nienke van Rein
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Kristel S de Geus
- Department of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne C Cannegieter
- Department of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter H Reitsma
- Department of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Felix J M van der Meer
- Department of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Qiu M, Fang M, Liu X. Low free triiodothyronine levels predict symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage and worse short-term outcome of thrombolysis in patients with acute ischemia stroke. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e8539. [PMID: 29137061 PMCID: PMC5690754 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000008539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine whether thyroid hormones level on admission in patients with ischemic stroke, treated with intravenous recombinant tissue type plasminogen activator (rtPA), was associated with symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) and worse outcomes at 3 months.Patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) receiving intravenous rtPA thrombolytic treatment on our stroke unit between January 2015 and June 2016 were included in this study. Serum-free triiodothyronine (fT3), free thyroxine (fT4), total triiodothyronine (tT3), total thyroxine (tT4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were detected on admission. The endpoints were sICH, and poor functional outcomes at 3 and 6 months.In all, 159 patients (106 males; mean age 65.36 ± 10.02 years) were included. FT3 was independently associated with sICH (odds ratio [OR] 0.204, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.065-0.642) and poor outcomes at 3 months (OR 0.396, 95% CI 0.180-1.764). The cut-off values of fT3 for sICH was 3.54 pg/mL (sensitivity 83%; specificity 83%; area under the curve 0.88). FT3 values ≤3.54 pg/mL increased risk for sICH by 3.16-fold (95% CI 0.75-1.0) compared with fT3 values >3.54 pg/mL.Low fT3 levels at admission were independently associated with sICH and worse outcomes at 3 months in AIS patients receiving rtPA thrombolytic therapy.
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Goldstein LB. Anticoagulation in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation in the Setting of Prior Hemorrhage. Stroke 2017; 48:2654-2659. [DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.117.017082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Seabury S, Bognar K, Xu Y, Huber C, Commerford SR, Tayama D. Regional disparities in the quality of stroke care. Am J Emerg Med 2017; 35:1234-1239. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2017.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Yoshio T, Tomida H, Iwasaki R, Horiuchi Y, Omae M, Ishiyama A, Hirasawa T, Yamamoto Y, Tsuchida T, Fujisaki J, Yamada T, Mita E, Ninomiya T, Michitaka K, Igarashi M. Effect of direct oral anticoagulants on the risk of delayed bleeding after gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection. Dig Endosc 2017; 29:686-694. [PMID: 28295638 DOI: 10.1111/den.12859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Anticoagulants are used to prevent thromboembolic events. Direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) are our new choice; however, their effect on bleeding risk for endoscopic treatment has not been reported. We aimed to assess the clinical effect of DOAC compared to warfarin for gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). METHODS We retrospectively studied 97 patients on anticoagulants and treated 108 gastric neoplasms with ESD in three referral institutes. Twenty-four patients were taking DOAC, including dabigatran (12), rivaroxaban (11), and apixaban (one) and 73 were taking warfarin. RESULTS In the DOAC group, delayed bleeding rate was significantly higher in patients on rivaroxaban than in patients on dabigatran (45% vs 0%, P < 0.05) without relation to heparin bridge therapy (HBT). In the warfarin group, 78% of patients underwent HBT, and delayed bleeding rate was significantly higher in patients with HBT than in those without (36% vs 0%, P < 0.05). Delayed bleeding rate increased as intake of antithrombotic agents increased (P < 0.05). HBT period was shorter (P < 0.05) in DOAC because DOAC achieve the maximum effect quicker, and hospitalization period was shorter (P < 0.05), compared with warfarin. Multivariate analysis showed that HBT (OR, 10.7), rivaroxaban (OR, 6.00) and multiple antithrombotic agents (OR, 4.35) were independent delayed bleeding risk factors. CONCLUSIONS The DOAC effect differs in each agent. Dabigatran is a feasible alternative to warfarin for shortening the hospitalization period and decreasing delayed bleeding rate, although rivaroxaban has a significantly higher delayed bleeding risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Yoshio
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideomi Tomida
- Gastroenterology Center, Ehime Prefectural Central Hospital, Ehime, Japan
| | - Ryuichiro Iwasaki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka National Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Horiuchi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masami Omae
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Ishiyama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Hirasawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yorimasa Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Tsuchida
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junko Fujisaki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka National Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eiji Mita
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka National Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Ninomiya
- Gastroenterology Center, Ehime Prefectural Central Hospital, Ehime, Japan
| | - Kojiro Michitaka
- Gastroenterology Center, Ehime Prefectural Central Hospital, Ehime, Japan
| | - Masahiro Igarashi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
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Amarenco P, Albers GW, Denison H, Easton JD, Evans SR, Held P, Hill MD, Jonasson J, Kasner SE, Ladenvall P, Minematsu K, Molina CA, Wang Y, Wong KSL, Johnston SC. Ticagrelor Versus Aspirin in Acute Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source. Stroke 2017; 48:2480-2487. [PMID: 28720658 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.117.017217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Ticagrelor is an effective antiplatelet therapy among patients with atherosclerotic disease and, therefore, could be more effective than aspirin in preventing recurrent stroke and cardiovascular events among patients with embolic stroke of unknown source (ESUS), which includes patients with ipsilateral stenosis <50% and aortic arch atherosclerosis. METHODS We randomized 13 199 patients with a noncardioembolic, nonsevere ischemic stroke or high-risk transient ischemic attack to ticagrelor (180 mg loading dose on day 1 followed by 90 mg twice daily for days 2-90) or aspirin (300 mg on day 1 followed by 100 mg daily for days 2-90) within 24 hours of symptom onset. In all patients, investigators informed on the presence of ipsilateral stenosis ≥50%, small deep infarct <15 mm, and on cardiac source of embolism detected after enrollment or rare causes, which allowed to construct an ESUS category in all other patients with documented brain infarction. The primary end point was the time to the occurrence of stroke, myocardial infarction, or death within 90 days. RESULTS ESUS was identified in 4329 (32.8%) patients. There was no treatment-by-ESUS category interaction (P=0.83). Hazard ratio in ESUS patients was 0.87 (95% confidence interval, 0.68-1.10; P=0.24). However, hazard ratio was 0.51 (95% confidence interval, 0.29-0.90; P=0.02) in ESUS patients with ipsilateral stenosis <50% or aortic arch atherosclerosis (n=961) and 0.98 (95% confidence interval, 0.76-1.27; P=0.89) in the remaining ESUS patients (n=3368; P for heterogeneity =0.04). CONCLUSIONS In this post hoc, exploratory analysis, we found no treatment-by-ESUS category interaction. ESUS subgroups have heterogeneous response to treatment (Funded by AstraZeneca). CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01994720.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Amarenco
- From the Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Bichat University Hospital and Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne University, Paris, France (P.A.); Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford Stroke Center, Palo Alto, CA (G.W.A.); AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden (H.D., P.H., J.J., P.L.); Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco (J.D.E.); Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (S.R.E.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Canada (M.D.H.); Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia (S.E.K.); National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan (K.M.); Stroke Unit, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain (C.A.M.); Department of Neurology, Tiantan Hospital, Beijing, China (Y.W.); Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, SAR (K.S.L.W.); and Dell Medical School, University of Texas, Austin (S.C.J.).
| | - Gregory W Albers
- From the Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Bichat University Hospital and Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne University, Paris, France (P.A.); Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford Stroke Center, Palo Alto, CA (G.W.A.); AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden (H.D., P.H., J.J., P.L.); Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco (J.D.E.); Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (S.R.E.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Canada (M.D.H.); Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia (S.E.K.); National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan (K.M.); Stroke Unit, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain (C.A.M.); Department of Neurology, Tiantan Hospital, Beijing, China (Y.W.); Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, SAR (K.S.L.W.); and Dell Medical School, University of Texas, Austin (S.C.J.)
| | - Hans Denison
- From the Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Bichat University Hospital and Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne University, Paris, France (P.A.); Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford Stroke Center, Palo Alto, CA (G.W.A.); AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden (H.D., P.H., J.J., P.L.); Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco (J.D.E.); Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (S.R.E.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Canada (M.D.H.); Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia (S.E.K.); National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan (K.M.); Stroke Unit, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain (C.A.M.); Department of Neurology, Tiantan Hospital, Beijing, China (Y.W.); Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, SAR (K.S.L.W.); and Dell Medical School, University of Texas, Austin (S.C.J.)
| | - J Donald Easton
- From the Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Bichat University Hospital and Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne University, Paris, France (P.A.); Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford Stroke Center, Palo Alto, CA (G.W.A.); AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden (H.D., P.H., J.J., P.L.); Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco (J.D.E.); Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (S.R.E.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Canada (M.D.H.); Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia (S.E.K.); National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan (K.M.); Stroke Unit, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain (C.A.M.); Department of Neurology, Tiantan Hospital, Beijing, China (Y.W.); Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, SAR (K.S.L.W.); and Dell Medical School, University of Texas, Austin (S.C.J.)
| | - Scott R Evans
- From the Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Bichat University Hospital and Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne University, Paris, France (P.A.); Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford Stroke Center, Palo Alto, CA (G.W.A.); AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden (H.D., P.H., J.J., P.L.); Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco (J.D.E.); Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (S.R.E.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Canada (M.D.H.); Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia (S.E.K.); National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan (K.M.); Stroke Unit, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain (C.A.M.); Department of Neurology, Tiantan Hospital, Beijing, China (Y.W.); Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, SAR (K.S.L.W.); and Dell Medical School, University of Texas, Austin (S.C.J.)
| | - Peter Held
- From the Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Bichat University Hospital and Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne University, Paris, France (P.A.); Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford Stroke Center, Palo Alto, CA (G.W.A.); AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden (H.D., P.H., J.J., P.L.); Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco (J.D.E.); Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (S.R.E.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Canada (M.D.H.); Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia (S.E.K.); National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan (K.M.); Stroke Unit, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain (C.A.M.); Department of Neurology, Tiantan Hospital, Beijing, China (Y.W.); Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, SAR (K.S.L.W.); and Dell Medical School, University of Texas, Austin (S.C.J.)
| | - Michael D Hill
- From the Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Bichat University Hospital and Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne University, Paris, France (P.A.); Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford Stroke Center, Palo Alto, CA (G.W.A.); AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden (H.D., P.H., J.J., P.L.); Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco (J.D.E.); Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (S.R.E.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Canada (M.D.H.); Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia (S.E.K.); National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan (K.M.); Stroke Unit, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain (C.A.M.); Department of Neurology, Tiantan Hospital, Beijing, China (Y.W.); Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, SAR (K.S.L.W.); and Dell Medical School, University of Texas, Austin (S.C.J.)
| | - Jenny Jonasson
- From the Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Bichat University Hospital and Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne University, Paris, France (P.A.); Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford Stroke Center, Palo Alto, CA (G.W.A.); AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden (H.D., P.H., J.J., P.L.); Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco (J.D.E.); Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (S.R.E.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Canada (M.D.H.); Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia (S.E.K.); National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan (K.M.); Stroke Unit, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain (C.A.M.); Department of Neurology, Tiantan Hospital, Beijing, China (Y.W.); Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, SAR (K.S.L.W.); and Dell Medical School, University of Texas, Austin (S.C.J.)
| | - Scott E Kasner
- From the Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Bichat University Hospital and Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne University, Paris, France (P.A.); Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford Stroke Center, Palo Alto, CA (G.W.A.); AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden (H.D., P.H., J.J., P.L.); Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco (J.D.E.); Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (S.R.E.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Canada (M.D.H.); Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia (S.E.K.); National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan (K.M.); Stroke Unit, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain (C.A.M.); Department of Neurology, Tiantan Hospital, Beijing, China (Y.W.); Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, SAR (K.S.L.W.); and Dell Medical School, University of Texas, Austin (S.C.J.)
| | - Per Ladenvall
- From the Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Bichat University Hospital and Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne University, Paris, France (P.A.); Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford Stroke Center, Palo Alto, CA (G.W.A.); AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden (H.D., P.H., J.J., P.L.); Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco (J.D.E.); Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (S.R.E.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Canada (M.D.H.); Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia (S.E.K.); National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan (K.M.); Stroke Unit, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain (C.A.M.); Department of Neurology, Tiantan Hospital, Beijing, China (Y.W.); Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, SAR (K.S.L.W.); and Dell Medical School, University of Texas, Austin (S.C.J.)
| | - Kazuo Minematsu
- From the Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Bichat University Hospital and Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne University, Paris, France (P.A.); Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford Stroke Center, Palo Alto, CA (G.W.A.); AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden (H.D., P.H., J.J., P.L.); Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco (J.D.E.); Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (S.R.E.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Canada (M.D.H.); Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia (S.E.K.); National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan (K.M.); Stroke Unit, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain (C.A.M.); Department of Neurology, Tiantan Hospital, Beijing, China (Y.W.); Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, SAR (K.S.L.W.); and Dell Medical School, University of Texas, Austin (S.C.J.)
| | - Carlos A Molina
- From the Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Bichat University Hospital and Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne University, Paris, France (P.A.); Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford Stroke Center, Palo Alto, CA (G.W.A.); AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden (H.D., P.H., J.J., P.L.); Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco (J.D.E.); Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (S.R.E.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Canada (M.D.H.); Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia (S.E.K.); National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan (K.M.); Stroke Unit, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain (C.A.M.); Department of Neurology, Tiantan Hospital, Beijing, China (Y.W.); Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, SAR (K.S.L.W.); and Dell Medical School, University of Texas, Austin (S.C.J.)
| | - Yongjun Wang
- From the Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Bichat University Hospital and Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne University, Paris, France (P.A.); Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford Stroke Center, Palo Alto, CA (G.W.A.); AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden (H.D., P.H., J.J., P.L.); Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco (J.D.E.); Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (S.R.E.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Canada (M.D.H.); Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia (S.E.K.); National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan (K.M.); Stroke Unit, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain (C.A.M.); Department of Neurology, Tiantan Hospital, Beijing, China (Y.W.); Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, SAR (K.S.L.W.); and Dell Medical School, University of Texas, Austin (S.C.J.)
| | - K S Lawrence Wong
- From the Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Bichat University Hospital and Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne University, Paris, France (P.A.); Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford Stroke Center, Palo Alto, CA (G.W.A.); AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden (H.D., P.H., J.J., P.L.); Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco (J.D.E.); Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (S.R.E.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Canada (M.D.H.); Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia (S.E.K.); National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan (K.M.); Stroke Unit, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain (C.A.M.); Department of Neurology, Tiantan Hospital, Beijing, China (Y.W.); Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, SAR (K.S.L.W.); and Dell Medical School, University of Texas, Austin (S.C.J.)
| | - S Claiborne Johnston
- From the Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Bichat University Hospital and Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne University, Paris, France (P.A.); Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford Stroke Center, Palo Alto, CA (G.W.A.); AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden (H.D., P.H., J.J., P.L.); Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco (J.D.E.); Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (S.R.E.); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Canada (M.D.H.); Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia (S.E.K.); National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan (K.M.); Stroke Unit, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain (C.A.M.); Department of Neurology, Tiantan Hospital, Beijing, China (Y.W.); Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, SAR (K.S.L.W.); and Dell Medical School, University of Texas, Austin (S.C.J.)
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Soeteman DI, Menzies NA, Pandya A. Would a Large tPA Trial for Those 4.5 to 6.0 Hours from Stroke Onset Be Good Value for Information? VALUE IN HEALTH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR PHARMACOECONOMICS AND OUTCOMES RESEARCH 2017; 20:894-901. [PMID: 28712618 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To quantify the potential value of new research in patients treated with thrombolytic treatment (tissue-type plasminogen activator [tPA]) in the 4.5- to 6.0-hour time window after stroke onset and to determine the optimal size of a future trial using value of information analysis. METHODS Expected value of partial perfect and sample information (EVPPI and EVSI) analyses were conducted using a probabilistic Markov model. Data for modified Rankin Scale (mRS) distributions in patients 4.5 to 6.0 hours since stroke onset for tPA (n = 576) and placebo (n = 543) were obtained from pooled randomized controlled trials. EVSI was quantified with net monetary benefit (assuming willingness to pay for health as $100,000/QALY). We calculated discounted population-level EVSI by multiplying per-person EVSI by the annual number of eligible patients with stroke in the United States and assuming a 10-year time frame of treatment use. Study costs were based on administrative costs and the costs of tPA. RESULTS The base-case lifetime cost-effectiveness analysis showed that tPA was dominated by placebo in this patient group. EVPPI for mRS distributions was $1003 per person. On the basis of EVSI, the optimal sample size of a new trial collecting data on tPA efficacy in these patients would be 5600 across study arms with expected population-level societal returns (EVSI minus study costs) of $68.7 million. CONCLUSIONS Expanding research attention to the 4.5- to 6.0-hour time window for tPA treatment of patients with acute ischemic stroke is justified because the expected returns are substantial. Even a relatively large trial in which more information on treatment efficacy on the basis of mRS scores is collected would represent good value for information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djøra I Soeteman
- Center for Health Decision Science, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Nicolas A Menzies
- Center for Health Decision Science, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ankur Pandya
- Center for Health Decision Science, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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143
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Garwood CL, Korkis B, Grande D, Hanni C, Morin A, Moser LR. Anticoagulation Bridge Therapy in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: Recent Updates Providing a Rebalance of Risk and Benefit. Pharmacotherapy 2017; 37:712-724. [PMID: 28475278 DOI: 10.1002/phar.1937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In 2011 we reviewed clinical updates and controversies surrounding anticoagulation bridge therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Since then, options for oral anticoagulation have expanded with the addition of four direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) agents available in the United States. Nonetheless, vitamin K antagonist (VKA) therapy continues to be the treatment of choice for patients who are poor candidates for a DOAC and for whom bridge therapy remains a therapeutic dilemma. This literature review identifies evidence and guideline and consensus statements from the last 5 years to provide updated recommendations and insight into bridge therapy for patients using a VKA for AF. Since our last review, at least four major international guidelines have been updated plus a new consensus document addressing bridge therapy was released. Prospective trials and one randomized controlled trial have provided guidance for perioperative bridge therapy. The clinical trial data showed that bridging with heparin is associated with a significant bleeding risk compared with not bridging; furthermore, data suggested that actual perioperative thromboembolic risk may be lower than previously estimated. Notably, patients at high risk for stroke have not been adequately represented. These findings highlight the importance of assessing thrombosis and bleeding risk before making bridging decisions. Thrombosis and bleeding risk tools have emerged to facilitate this assessment and have been incorporated into guideline recommendations. Results from ongoing trials are expected to provide more guidance on safe and effective perioperative management approaches for patients at high risk for stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice L Garwood
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan.,Pharmacy Department, Harper University Hospital, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Bianca Korkis
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan.,Pharmacy Department, Harper University Hospital, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Domenico Grande
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Claudia Hanni
- Pharmacy Department, Harper University Hospital, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Amy Morin
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Lynette R Moser
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
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144
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Ram H, Gerlach RM, Hernandez Conte A, Ramzy D, Jaramillo-Huff AR, Gerstein NS. The AngioVac Device and Its Anesthetic Implications. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2017; 31:1091-1102. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2016.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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145
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Christophe BR, Mehta SH, Garton ALA, Sisti J, Connolly ES. Current and future perspectives on the treatment of cerebral ischemia. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2017; 18:573-580. [PMID: 28393614 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2017.1309022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION After heart disease and combined forms of cancer, stroke is the leading cause of death in the United States. Currently, tissue-plasminogen activator (tPA) thrombolysis is the only thrombolytic therapy that has been shown to improve patient outcome. Presently, the only antithrombotic drug treatment that has proven effective at improving acute ischemic stroke patient outcome is aspirin administration. Despite these studies, no clinical trials have yet demonstrated a reliably effective pharmacological treatment. Areas covered: We conducted a search of recent drug studies for ischemic stroke on clinicaltrials.gov in addition to a literature search for acute ischemic stroke therapy using PubMed. This review details our findings of recent advancements in the pharmacological treatment of acute ischemic stroke. Expert commentary: We concluded that recent attempts to establish new pharmacological treatment protocols for acute ischemic stroke have had limited success, but many Phase III and Phase IV clinical trials demonstrate promise. Moreover, several studies have demonstrated the efficacy of dual-antiplatelet therapies at reducing risk of secondary stroke. Studies for novel therapeutic targets for neuroprotection have been largely unsuccessful. Some trials had positive results; however, there is much room for improvement and other studies show promise in their preliminary stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon R Christophe
- a Department of Neurological Surgery , Columbia University Medical Center , New York , NY , USA
| | - Shyle H Mehta
- a Department of Neurological Surgery , Columbia University Medical Center , New York , NY , USA
| | - Andrew L A Garton
- a Department of Neurological Surgery , Columbia University Medical Center , New York , NY , USA
| | - Jonathan Sisti
- a Department of Neurological Surgery , Columbia University Medical Center , New York , NY , USA
| | - E Sander Connolly
- a Department of Neurological Surgery , Columbia University Medical Center , New York , NY , USA
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146
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Amarenco P, Kim AS. Aspirin's Benefits Were Previously Underestimated and Are Primarily Accrued in the Acute Setting. Stroke 2017; 48:1438-1440. [PMID: 28411262 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.117.015061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Amarenco
- From the INSERM LVTS-U1148, AP-HP, Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Bichat Hospital, DHU FIRE, Paris-Diderot University, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, France (P.A.); and Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco (A.S.K.).
| | - Anthony S Kim
- From the INSERM LVTS-U1148, AP-HP, Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Bichat Hospital, DHU FIRE, Paris-Diderot University, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, France (P.A.); and Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco (A.S.K.)
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147
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Samuel S, Bajgur S, Savarraj JP, Choi HA. Impact of practice change in reducing venous thromboembolism in neurocritical overweight patients: 2008-2014. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2017; 43:98-104. [PMID: 27605371 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-016-1422-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Publications regarding early initiating venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis have been available since the early 1990s. These recommendations became available in current guidelines on and after 2012. The purpose of this study is to review the practice change in reducing the incidence of VTE in brain injury patients from 2008 to 2014. This was a single-center, retrospective, observational, cohort study. Data was extracted from our data base that included patients over 100 kg from January 2008 to August 2014. Included were all patients admitted with a primary diagnosis of acute brain and spinal injury to neurocritical care unit. Clinical endpoints examined were incidence of bleeding and VTE. A total of 509 patients who met the inclusion criteria were divided into two groups: The previous group (n = 212) included patients from 2008 to 2010, and the recent group (n = 297) included patients from 2011 to 2014. The time for initiating VTE prophylaxis from admission was (median, IQR) 73 h (37-140) vs. 34 h (20-46); p < 0.01. There were no differences in major and minor bleeding complications. Discontinuation of VTE prophylaxis for association with progressive bleeding was not documented in any of the study patients. The incidence of VTE was 10 % (22/212) vs. 5 % (15/297); p = 0.02. In hospital LOS in days was 16 (10-26) vs. 7 (4-15); P < 0.01. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, only the time of the initiation VTE prophylaxis after admission was significantly associated with the occurrence of VTE (median, IQR) 70 h (37-158) vs. 36 h (20-63); OR 1.004, 95 % CI 1.001-1.007; P < 0.01. In this 6-year review of data, early initiation of VTE prophylaxis has decreased the incidence of VTE without clinically documented bleeding complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Samuel
- Department of Pharmacy, Memorial Hermann-Texas Medical Center, 6411 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77054, USA.
| | - Suhas Bajgur
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, USA
| | - Jude P Savarraj
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, USA
| | - Huimahn A Choi
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, USA
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Yuki T, Ishihara S, Yashima K, Kawaguchi K, Fujishiro H, Miyaoka Y, Yuki M, Kushiyama Y, Yasugi A, Shabana M, Furuta K, Tanaka K, Koda M, Hamamoto T, Sasaki Y, Tanaka H, Yoshimura T, Murawaki Y, Isomoto H, Kinoshita Y. Bleeding Risk Related to Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Biopsy in Patients Receiving Antithrombotic Therapy: A Multicenter Prospective Observational Study. CURRENT THERAPEUTIC RESEARCH 2017; 84:32-36. [PMID: 28761577 PMCID: PMC5522983 DOI: 10.1016/j.curtheres.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although antithrombotic agents are widely used for cardiac and cerebrovascular disease prevention, they increase the risk of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. OBJECTIVE To examine GI bleeding risk in association with an esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) biopsy performed in patients without cessation of antithrombotic therapy. METHODS This study was prospectively conducted at 14 centers. EGD biopsies were performed in patients receiving antithrombotic agents without cessation, as well as age- and sex-matched controls not receiving antithrombotic therapy. Patients treated with warfarin before the biopsy had a prothrombin time-international normalized ratio level <3.0. The proportion of GI bleeding events was compared between the groups. RESULTS The patient group (n = 277) underwent a total of 560 biopsies while continuing antithrombotic therapy, of whom 24 were receiving multiple antiplatelet drugs, and 9 were receiving both antiplatelet and anticoagulant agents. The control patients (n = 263) underwent 557 biopsies. The upper-GI bleeding rate within 30 days after the EGD biopsy did not increase in patients without cessation of antithrombotic treatment, regardless of receiving single or multiple antithrombotic agents. CONCLUSIONS We found no significant increase in upper-GI bleeding risk following an EGD biopsy in patients taking antithrombotic agents, suggesting its safety without the need for antithrombotic treatment interruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Yuki
- Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Shimane University Hospital, Izumo, Japan
| | - Shunji Ishihara
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Kazuo Yashima
- Division of Medicine and Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Koichiro Kawaguchi
- Division of Medicine and Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Fujishiro
- Division of Gastroenterology, Shimane Prefectural Central Hospital, Izumo, Japan
| | - Youichi Miyaoka
- Division of Endoscopy, Shimane Prefectural Central Hospital, Izumo, Japan
| | - Mika Yuki
- Division of Internal Medicine, Izumo-City General Medical Center, Izumo, Japan
| | | | - Akiko Yasugi
- Division of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Hamada Medical Center, Hamada, Japan
| | - Michiko Shabana
- Division of Gastroenterology, Sanin Rosai Hospital, Yonago, Japan
| | - Koichirou Furuta
- Division of Gastroenterology, Masuda Red Cross Hospital, Masuda, Japan
| | - Kiwamu Tanaka
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tottori Prefectural Central Hospital, Tottori, Japan
| | - Masaharu Koda
- Division of Gastroenterology, Yonago Medical Center, Yonago, Japan
| | | | - Yuichiro Sasaki
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tottoriken Saiseikai Sakaiminato General Hospital, Sakaiminato, Japan
| | - Hisao Tanaka
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tottori Red Cross Hospital, Tottori, Japan
| | - Teiji Yoshimura
- Division of Gastroenterology, Matsue City Hospital, Matsue, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Murawaki
- Division of Medicine and Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Hajime Isomoto
- Division of Medicine and Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Kinoshita
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
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Neurologic complications in critically ill pregnant patients. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2017. [PMID: 28190440 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63599-0.00035-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Neurologic complications in a critically ill pregnant woman are uncommon but some of the complications (such as eclampsia) are unique to pregnancy and the puerperal period. Other neurologic complications (such as seizures in the setting of epilepsy) may worsen during pregnancy. Clinical signs and symptoms such as seizure, headache, weakness, focal neurologic deficits, and decreased level of consciousness require careful consideration of potential causes to ensure prompt treatment measures are instituted to prevent ongoing neurologic injury. Clinicians should be familiar with syndromes such as pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, stroke, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, and reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome. Necessary imaging studies can usually be performed safely in pregnancy. Scoring systems for predicting maternal mortality are inadequate, as are recommendations for neurorehabilitation. Tensions can arise when there is conflict between the interests of the mother and the interests of the fetus, but in general maternal health is prioritized. The complexity of care requires a multidisciplinary and multiprofessional approach to achieve best outcome in an often unexpected situation.
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150
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Lasam G, Ramirez R. Concomitant Left Atrial Myxoma and Patent Foramen Ovale: Is It an Evolutional Synergy for a Cerebrovascular Event? Cardiol Res 2017; 8:26-29. [PMID: 28275422 PMCID: PMC5340522 DOI: 10.14740/cr522w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a case of a 48-year-old female who presented initially with an abrupt onset of left facial and hand numbness after her routine yoga with no associated syncope, palpitation, chest pain or dyspnea. She consulted her primary care physician and recommended hospital care for possible stroke. On the day of admission, she complained of left facial and hand hemiparesthesia. Cranial imaging and angiography were unremarkable but echocardiography and cardiac computed tomography revealed left atrial mass. She underwent resection of the left atrial mass with an incidental finding of patent foramen ovale intraoperatively. The left atrial mass was confirmed to be an atrial myxoma. Patient’s neurologic complaints resolved towards the end of her hospital course. She was discharged stable with no recurrence of neurologic symptoms on health maintenance evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenmore Lasam
- Department of Medicine, Atlantic Health System-Overlook Medical Center, Summit, NJ 07901, USA
| | - Roberto Ramirez
- Department of Medicine, Atlantic Health System-Overlook Medical Center, Summit, NJ 07901, USA
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