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Abstract
Lysosomal storage disorders are a heterogeneous group of genetic diseases characterized by defective function in one of the lysosomal enzymes. In this review paper, we describe neuroradiological findings and clinical characteristics of neuronopathic lysosomal disorders with a focus on differential diagnosis. New insights regarding pathogenesis and therapeutic perspectives are also briefly discussed.
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102
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Virgolini MJ, Feliziani C, Cambiasso MJ, Lopez PH, Bollo M. Neurite atrophy and apoptosis mediated by PERK signaling after accumulation of GM2-ganglioside. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1866:225-239. [PMID: 30389374 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
GM2-gangliosidosis, a subgroup of lysosomal storage disorders, is caused by deficiency of hexosaminidase activity, and comprises the closely related Tay-Sachs and Sandhoff diseases. The enzyme deficiency prevents normal metabolization of ganglioside GM2, usually resulting in progressive neurodegenerative disease. The molecular mechanisms whereby GM2 accumulation in neurons triggers neurodegeneration remain unclear. In vitro experiments, using microsomes from Sandhoff mouse model brain, showed that increase of GM2 content negatively modulates sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) (Pelled et al., 2003). Furthermore, Ca2+ depletion in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) triggers Unfolded Protein Response (UPR), which tends to restore homeostasis in the ER; however, if cellular damage persists, an apoptotic response is initiated. We found that ER GM2 accumulation in cultured neurons induces luminal Ca2+ depletion, which in turn activates PERK (protein kinase RNA [PKR]-like ER kinase), one of three UPR sensors. PERK signaling displayed biphasic activation; i.e., early upregulation of cytoprotective calcineurin (CN) and, under prolonged ER stress, enhanced expression of pro-apoptotic transcription factor C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP). Moreover, GM2 accumulation in neuronal cells induced neurite atrophy and apoptosis. Both processes were effectively modulated by treatment with the selective PERK inhibitor GSK2606414, by CN knockdown, and by CHOP knockdown. Overall, our findings demonstrate the essential role of PERK signaling pathway contributing to neurodegeneration in a model of GM2-gangliosidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Virgolini
- Instituto de Investigación Médica M y M Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina; Universidad Nacional de Villa María, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Constanza Feliziani
- Instituto de Investigación Médica M y M Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Julia Cambiasso
- Instituto de Investigación Médica M y M Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Pablo H Lopez
- Instituto de Investigación Médica M y M Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Mariana Bollo
- Instituto de Investigación Médica M y M Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
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103
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Efficacy of a Bicistronic Vector for Correction of Sandhoff Disease in a Mouse Model. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2018; 12:47-57. [PMID: 30534578 PMCID: PMC6279944 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
GM2 gangliosidoses are a family of severe neurodegenerative disorders resulting from a deficiency in the β-hexosaminidase A enzyme. These disorders include Tay-Sachs disease and Sandhoff disease, caused by mutations in the HEXA gene and HEXB gene, respectively. The HEXA and HEXB genes are required to produce the α and β subunits of the β-hexosaminidase A enzyme, respectively. Using a Sandhoff disease mouse model, we tested for the first time the potential of a comparatively lower dose (2.04 × 1013 vg/kg) of systemically delivered single-stranded adeno-associated virus 9 expressing both human HEXB and human HEXA cDNA under the control of a single promoter with a P2A-linked bicistronic vector design to correct the neurological phenotype. A bicistronic design allows maximal overexpression and secretion of the Hex A enzyme. Neonatal mice were injected with either this ssAAV9-HexB-P2A-HexA vector or a vehicle solution via the superficial temporal vein. An increase in survival of 56% compared with vehicle-injected controls and biochemical analysis of the brain tissue and serum revealed an increase in enzyme activity and a decrease in brain GM2 ganglioside buildup. This is a proof-of-concept study showing the “correction efficacy” of a bicistronic AAV9 vector delivered intravenously for GM2 gangliosidoses. Further studies with higher doses are warranted.
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104
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Wang SS, Gao X, Solar VD, Yu X, Antonopoulos A, Friedman AE, Matich EK, Atilla-Gokcumen GE, Nasirikenari M, Lau JT, Dell A, Haslam SM, Laine RA, Matta KL, Neelamegham S. Thioglycosides Are Efficient Metabolic Decoys of Glycosylation that Reduce Selectin Dependent Leukocyte Adhesion. Cell Chem Biol 2018; 25:1519-1532.e5. [PMID: 30344053 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic decoys are synthetic analogs of naturally occurring biosynthetic acceptors. These compounds divert cellular biosynthetic pathways by acting as artificial substrates that usurp the activity of natural enzymes. While O-linked glycosides are common, they are only partially effective even at millimolar concentrations. In contrast, we report that N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) incorporated into various thioglycosides robustly truncate cell surface N- and O-linked glycan biosynthesis at 10-100 μM concentrations. The >10-fold greater inhibition is in part due to the resistance of thioglycosides to hydrolysis by intracellular hexosaminidases. The thioglycosides reduce β-galactose incorporation into lactosamine chains, cell surface sialyl Lewis-X expression, and leukocyte rolling on selectin substrates including inflamed endothelial cells under fluid shear. Treatment of granulocytes with thioglycosides prior to infusion into mouse inhibited neutrophil homing to sites of acute inflammation and bone marrow by ∼80%-90%. Overall, thioglycosides represent an easy to synthesize class of efficient metabolic inhibitors or decoys. They reduce N-/O-linked glycan biosynthesis and inflammatory leukocyte accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuen-Shiuan Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, State University of New York, 906 Furnas Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Xuefeng Gao
- TumorEnd LLC, Louisiana Emerging Technology Center, 340 East Parker Drive, Suite 246, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Virginia Del Solar
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, State University of New York, 906 Furnas Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA; Clinical & Translational Research Center and State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Xinheng Yu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, State University of New York, 906 Furnas Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | | | - Alan E Friedman
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Eryn K Matich
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | | | - Mehrab Nasirikenari
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Joseph T Lau
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Anne Dell
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Stuart M Haslam
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Roger A Laine
- TumorEnd LLC, Louisiana Emerging Technology Center, 340 East Parker Drive, Suite 246, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Khushi L Matta
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, State University of New York, 906 Furnas Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA; TumorEnd LLC, Louisiana Emerging Technology Center, 340 East Parker Drive, Suite 246, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
| | - Sriram Neelamegham
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, State University of New York, 906 Furnas Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA; Clinical & Translational Research Center and State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA.
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105
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Zubaida B, Hashmi MA, Cheema HA, Naeem M. Identification of a novel GLB1 mutation in a consanguineous Pakistani family affected by rare infantile GM1 gangliosidosis. J Genet 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-018-1002-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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106
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Ogawa Y, Furusawa E, Saitoh T, Sugimoto H, Omori T, Shimizu S, Kondo H, Yamazaki M, Sakuraba H, Oishi K. Inhibition of astrocytic adenosine receptor A 2A attenuates microglial activation in a mouse model of Sandhoff disease. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 118:142-154. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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107
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Cho SM, Vardi A, Platt N, Futerman AH. Absence of infiltrating peripheral myeloid cells in the brains of mouse models of lysosomal storage disorders. J Neurochem 2018; 148:625-638. [PMID: 29900534 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 70 lysosomal storage diseases are currently known, resulting from mutations in genes encoding lysosomal enzymes and membrane proteins. Defects in lysosomal enzymes that hydrolyze sphingolipids have been relatively well studied. Gaucher disease is caused by the loss of activity of glucocerebrosidase, leading to accumulation of glucosylceramide. Gaucher disease exhibits a number of subtypes, with types 2 and 3 showing significant neuropathology. Sandhoff disease results from the defective activity of β-hexosaminidase, leading to accumulation of ganglioside GM2. Niemann-Pick type C disease is primarily caused by the loss of activity of the lysosomal membrane protein, NPC1, leading to storage of cholesterol and sphingosine. All three disorders display significant neuropathology, accompanied by neuroinflammation. It is commonly assumed that neuroinflammation is the result of infiltration of monocyte-derived macrophages into the brain; for instance, cells resembling lipid-engorged macrophages ('Gaucher cells') have been observed in the brain of Gaucher disease patients. We now review the evidence that inflammatory macrophages are recruited into the brain in these diseases and then go on to provide some experimental data that, at least in the three mouse models tested, monocyte-derived macrophages do not appear to infiltrate the brain. Resident microglia, which are phenotypically distinct from infiltrating macrophages, are the only myeloid population present in significant numbers within the brain parenchyma in these authentic mouse models, even during the late symptomatic stages of disease when there is substantial neuroinflammation. OPEN SCIENCE BADGES: This article has received a badge for *Open Materials* because it provided all relevant information to reproduce the study in the manuscript. The complete Open Science Disclosure form for this article can be found at the end of the article. More information about the Open Practices badges can be found at https://cos.io/our-services/open-science-badges/. This article is part of the Special Issue "Lysosomal Storage Disorders".
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Min Cho
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ayelet Vardi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nicolas Platt
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Anthony H Futerman
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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108
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Pshezhetsky AV, Ashmarina M. Keeping it trim: roles of neuraminidases in CNS function. Glycoconj J 2018; 35:375-386. [PMID: 30088207 PMCID: PMC6182584 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-018-9837-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The sialylated glyconjugates (SGC) are found in abundance on the surface of brain cells, where they form a dense array of glycans mediating cell/cell and cell/protein recognition in numerous physiological and pathological processes. Metabolic genetic blocks in processing and catabolism of SGC result in development of severe storage disorders, dominated by CNS involvement including marked neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, the pathophysiological mechanisms of which are still discussed. SGC patterns in the brain are cell and organelle-specific, dynamic and maintained by highly coordinated processes of their biosynthesis, trafficking, processing and catabolism. The changes in the composition of SGC during development and aging of the brain cannot be explained based solely on the regulation of the SGC-synthesizing enzymes, sialyltransferases, suggesting that neuraminidases (sialidases) hydrolysing the removal of terminal sialic acid residues also play an essential role. In the current review we summarize the roles of three mammalian neuraminidases: neuraminidase 1, neuraminidase 3 and neuraminidase 4 in processing brain SGC. Emerging data demonstrate that these enzymes with different, yet overlapping expression patterns, intracellular localization and substrate specificity play essential roles in the physiology of the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V Pshezhetsky
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Department of Paediatrics, University of Montreal, CHU Ste-Justine, Centre de recherche, 3175 Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1C5, Canada.
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, H3A0C7, Canada.
| | - Mila Ashmarina
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Department of Paediatrics, University of Montreal, CHU Ste-Justine, Centre de recherche, 3175 Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1C5, Canada
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109
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Stark DT, Anderson DMG, Kwong JMK, Patterson NH, Schey KL, Caprioli RM, Caprioli J. Optic Nerve Regeneration After Crush Remodels the Injury Site: Molecular Insights From Imaging Mass Spectrometry. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2018; 59:212-222. [PMID: 29340649 PMCID: PMC5770179 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.17-22509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Mammalian central nervous system axons fail to regenerate after injury. Contributing factors include limited intrinsic growth capacity and an inhibitory glial environment. Inflammation-induced optic nerve regeneration (IIR) is thought to boost retinal ganglion cell (RGC) intrinsic growth capacity through progrowth gene expression, but effects on the inhibitory glial environment of the optic nerve are unexplored. To investigate progrowth molecular changes associated with reactive gliosis during IIR, we developed an imaging mass spectrometry (IMS)-based approach that identifies discriminant molecular signals in and around optic nerve crush (ONC) sites. Methods ONC was performed in rats, and IIR was established by intravitreal injection of a yeast cell wall preparation. Optic nerves were collected at various postcrush intervals, and longitudinal sections were analyzed with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) IMS and data mining. Immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy were used to compare discriminant molecular features with cellular features of reactive gliosis. Results IIR increased the area of the crush site that was occupied by a dense cellular infiltrate and mass spectral features consistent with lysosome-specific lipids. IIR also increased immunohistochemical labeling for microglia and macrophages. IIR enhanced clearance of lipid sulfatide myelin-associated inhibitors of axon growth and accumulation of simple GM3 gangliosides in a spatial distribution consistent with degradation of plasma membrane from degenerated axons. Conclusions IIR promotes a robust phagocytic response that improves clearance of myelin and axon debris. This growth-permissive molecular remodeling of the crush injury site extends our current understanding of IIR to include mechanisms extrinsic to the RGC.
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Affiliation(s)
- David T Stark
- Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - David M G Anderson
- Vanderbilt Mass Spectrometry Research Center and Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Jacky M K Kwong
- Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Nathan Heath Patterson
- Vanderbilt Mass Spectrometry Research Center and Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Kevin L Schey
- Vanderbilt Mass Spectrometry Research Center and Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Richard M Caprioli
- Vanderbilt Mass Spectrometry Research Center and Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Joseph Caprioli
- Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States
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110
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Marquês JT, Marinho HS, de Almeida RF. Sphingolipid hydroxylation in mammals, yeast and plants – An integrated view. Prog Lipid Res 2018; 71:18-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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111
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Maginnis MS. Virus-Receptor Interactions: The Key to Cellular Invasion. J Mol Biol 2018; 430:2590-2611. [PMID: 29924965 PMCID: PMC6083867 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Virus–receptor interactions play a key regulatory role in viral host range, tissue tropism, and viral pathogenesis. Viruses utilize elegant strategies to attach to one or multiple receptors, overcome the plasma membrane barrier, enter, and access the necessary host cell machinery. The viral attachment protein can be viewed as the “key” that unlocks host cells by interacting with the “lock”—the receptor—on the cell surface, and these lock-and-key interactions are critical for viruses to successfully invade host cells. Many common themes have emerged in virus–receptor utilization within and across virus families demonstrating that viruses often target particular classes of molecules in order to mediate these events. Common viral receptors include sialylated glycans, cell adhesion molecules such as immunoglobulin superfamily members and integrins, and phosphatidylserine receptors. The redundancy in receptor usage suggests that viruses target particular receptors or “common locks” to take advantage of their cellular function and also suggests evolutionary conservation. Due to the importance of initial virus interactions with host cells in viral pathogenesis and the redundancy in viral receptor usage, exploitation of these strategies would be an attractive target for new antiviral therapeutics. Viral receptors are key regulators of host range, tissue tropism, and viral pathogenesis. Many viruses utilize common viral receptors including sialic acid, cell adhesion molecules such as immunoglobulin superfamily members and integrins, and phosphatidylserine receptors. Detailed molecular interactions between viruses and receptors have been defined through elegant biochemical analyses including glycan array screens, structural–functional analyses, and cell-based approaches providing tremendous insights into these initial events in viral infection. Commonalities in virus–receptor interactions present promising targets for the development of broad-spectrum antiviral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa S Maginnis
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469-5735, USA.
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112
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Sandhoff R, Sandhoff K. Emerging concepts of ganglioside metabolism. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:3835-3864. [PMID: 29802621 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Gangliosides (GGs) are sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids (GSLs) and major membrane components enriched on cellular surfaces. Biosynthesis of mammalian GGs starts at the cytosolic leaflet of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes with the formation of their hydrophobic ceramide anchors. After intracellular ceramide transfer to Golgi and trans-Golgi network (TGN) membranes, anabolism of GGs, as well as of other GSLs, is catalyzed by membrane-spanning glycosyltransferases (GTs) along the secretory pathway. Combined activity of only a few promiscuous GTs allows for the formation of cell-type-specific glycolipid patterns. Following an exocytotic vesicle flow to the cellular plasma membranes, GGs can be modified by metabolic reactions at or near the cellular surface. For degradation, GGs are endocytosed to reach late endosomes and lysosomes. Whereas membrane-spanning enzymes of the secretory pathway catalyze GSL and GG formation, a cooperation of soluble glycosidases, lipases and lipid-binding cofactors, namely the sphingolipid activator proteins (SAPs), act as the main players of GG and GSL catabolism at intralysosomal luminal vesicles (ILVs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Sandhoff
- Lipid Pathobiochemistry Group (G131), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
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113
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Lie PPY, Nixon RA. Lysosome trafficking and signaling in health and neurodegenerative diseases. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 122:94-105. [PMID: 29859318 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes, single-membrane organelles defined by a uniquely strong acidic lumenal pH and high content of acid hydrolases, are the shared degradative compartments of the endocytic and autophagic pathways. These pathways, and especially lysosomes, are points of particular vulnerability in many neurodegenerative diseases. Beyond the role of lysosomes in substrate degradation, new findings have ascribed to lysosomes the leading role in sensing and responding to cellular nutrients, growth factors and cellular stress. This review aims to integrate recent concepts of basic lysosome biology and pathobiology as a basis for understanding neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis. Here, we discuss the newly recognized signaling functions of lysosomes and specific aspects of lysosome biology in neurons while re-visiting the classical defining criteria for lysosomes and the importance of preserving strict definitions. Our discussion emphasizes dynein-mediated axonal transport of maturing degradative organelles, with further consideration of their roles in synaptic function. We finally examine how distinctive underlying disturbances of lysosomes in various neurodegenerative diseases result in unique patterns of auto/endolysosomal mistrafficking. The rapidly emerging understanding of lysosomal trafficking and disruptions in lysosome signaling is providing valuable clues to new targets for disease-modifying therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pearl P Y Lie
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA; Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Ralph A Nixon
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA; Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Cell Biology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA; NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
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114
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Bellettato CM, Hubert L, Scarpa M, Wangler MF. Inborn Errors of Metabolism Involving Complex Molecules: Lysosomal and Peroxisomal Storage Diseases. Pediatr Clin North Am 2018; 65:353-373. [PMID: 29502918 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcl.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisomes and lysosomes are distinct subcellular compartments that underlie several pediatric metabolic disorders. Knowledge of their function and cell biology leads to understanding how the disorders result from genetic defects. Diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for the disorders take advantage of the cell biology mechanisms. Whereas peroxisomal disorders are characterized by enzymatic defects in peroxisomal pathways leading to metabolic and lipid changes, lysosomal storage disorders are marked by accumulation of substrates of lysosomal pathways inside the lysosome. The human diseases related to these two organelles are reviewed, focusing on general disease patterns and underlying diagnosis and treatment principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Maria Bellettato
- Brains for Brains Foundation, Department of Women and Children Health, Via Giustiniani 3, Padova 35128, Italy
| | - Leroy Hubert
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Maurizio Scarpa
- Brains for Brains Foundation, Department of Women and Children Health, Via Giustiniani 3, Padova 35128, Italy; Center for Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Helios Dr. Horst Schmidt Klinik, Ludwig-Erhard-Straße 100, Wiesbaden 65199, Germany; Department of Women and Children Health, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, Padova 35128, Italy
| | - Michael F Wangler
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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115
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Pereira DM, Valentão P, Andrade PB. Tuning protein folding in lysosomal storage diseases: the chemistry behind pharmacological chaperones. Chem Sci 2018; 9:1740-1752. [PMID: 29719681 PMCID: PMC5896381 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc04712f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Misfolding of proteins is the basis of several proteinopathies. Chemical and pharmacological chaperones are small molecules capable of inducing the correct conformation of proteins, thus being of interest for human therapeutics. The most recent developments in medicinal chemistry and in the drug development of pharmacological chaperones are discussed, with focus on lysosomal storage diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Pereira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV , Laboratório de Farmacognosia , Departamento de Química , Faculdade de Farmácia , Universidade do Porto , Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228 , 4050-313 Porto , Portugal .
| | - Patrícia Valentão
- REQUIMTE/LAQV , Laboratório de Farmacognosia , Departamento de Química , Faculdade de Farmácia , Universidade do Porto , Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228 , 4050-313 Porto , Portugal .
| | - Paula B Andrade
- REQUIMTE/LAQV , Laboratório de Farmacognosia , Departamento de Química , Faculdade de Farmácia , Universidade do Porto , Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228 , 4050-313 Porto , Portugal .
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116
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Hypomyelinating disorders in China: The clinical and genetic heterogeneity in 119 patients. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0188869. [PMID: 29451896 PMCID: PMC5815574 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hypomyelinating disorders are a group of clinically and genetically heterogeneous diseases characterized by neurological deterioration with hypomyelination visible on brain MRI scans. This study was aimed to clarify the clinical and genetic features of HMDs in Chinese population. METHODS 119 patients with hypomyelinating disorders in Chinese population were enrolled and evaluated based on their history, clinical manifestation, laboratory examinations, series of brain MRI with follow-up, genetic etiological tests including chromosomal analysis, multiplex ligation probe amplification, Sanger sequencing, targeted enrichment-based next-generation sequencing and whole exome sequencing. RESULTS Clinical and genetic features of hypomyelinating disorders were revealed. Nine different hypomyelinating disorders were identified in 119 patients: Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease (94, 79%), Pelizaeus-Merzbacher-like disease (10, 8%), hypomyelination with atrophy of the basal ganglia and cerebellum (3, 3%), GM1 gangliosidosis (5, 4%), GM2 gangliosidosis (3, 3%), trichothiodystrophy (1, 1%), Pol III-related leukodystrophy (1, 1%), hypomyelinating leukodystrophy type 9 (1, 1%), and chromosome 18q deletion syndrome (1, 1%). Of the sample, 94% (112/119) of the patients were genetically diagnosed, including 111 with mutations distributing across 9 genes including PLP1, GJC2, TUBB4A, GLB1, HEXA, HEXB, ERCC2, POLR3A, and RARS and 1 with mosaic chromosomal change of 46, XX,del(18)(q21.3)/46,XX,r(18)(p11.32q21.3)/45,XX,-18. Eighteen novel mutations were discovered. Mutations in POLR3A and RARS were first identified in Chinese patients with Pol III-related leukodystrophy and hypomyelinating leukodystrophy, respectively. SIGNIFICANCE This is the first report on clinical and genetic features of hypomyelinating disorders with a large sample of patients in Chinese population, identifying 18 novel mutations especially mutations in POLR3A and RARS in Chinese patients, expanding clinical and genetic spectrums of hypomyelinating disorders.
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117
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Mahdieh N, Mikaeeli S, Tavasoli AR, Rezaei Z, Maleki M, Rabbani B. Genotype, phenotype and in silico pathogenicity analysis of HEXB mutations: Panel based sequencing for differential diagnosis of gangliosidosis. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2018; 167:43-53. [PMID: 29448188 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2018.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Gangliosidosis is an inherited metabolic disorder causing neurodegeneration and motor regression. Preventive diagnosis is the first choice for the affected families due to lack of straightforward therapy. Genetic studies could confirm the diagnosis and help families for carrier screening and prenatal diagnosis. An update of HEXB gene variants concerning genotype, phenotype and in silico analysis are presented. PATIENTS AND METHODS Panel based next generation sequencing and direct sequencing of four cases were performed to confirm the clinical diagnosis and for reproductive planning. Bioinformatic analyses of the HEXB mutation database were also performed. RESULTS Direct sequencing of HEXA and HEXB genes showed recurrent homozygous variants at c.509G>A (p.Arg170Gln) and c.850C>T (p.Arg284Ter), respectively. A novel variant at c.416T>A (p.Leu139Gln) was identified in the GLB1 gene. Panel based next generation sequencing was performed for an undiagnosed patient which showed a novel mutation at c.1602C>A (p.Cys534Ter) of HEXB gene. Bioinformatic analysis of the HEXB mutation database showed 97% consistency of in silico genotype analysis with the phenotype. Bioinformatic analysis of the novel variants predicted to be disease causing. In silico structural and functional analysis of the novel variants showed structural effect of HEXB and functional effect of GLB1 variants which would provide fast analysis of novel variants. CONCLUSIONS Panel based studies could be performed for overlapping symptomatic patients. Consequently, genetic testing would help affected families for patients' management, carrier detection, and family planning's.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nejat Mahdieh
- Genetic Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sahar Mikaeeli
- Genetic Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Tavasoli
- Children's Hospital Center, Pediatric Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Center, Tehran, Iran; Growth and Development Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Rezaei
- Children's Hospital Center, Pediatric Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Maleki
- Genetic Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahareh Rabbani
- Genetic Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Growth and Development Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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118
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Progranulin Gene Therapy Improves Lysosomal Dysfunction and Microglial Pathology Associated with Frontotemporal Dementia and Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis. J Neurosci 2018; 38:2341-2358. [PMID: 29378861 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3081-17.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations in progranulin, a lysosomal glycoprotein, cause neurodegenerative disease. Progranulin haploinsufficiency causes frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and complete progranulin deficiency causes CLN11 neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL). Progranulin replacement is a rational therapeutic strategy for these disorders, but there are critical unresolved mechanistic questions about a progranulin gene therapy approach, including its potential to reverse existing pathology. Here, we address these issues using an AAV vector (AAV-Grn) to deliver progranulin in Grn-/- mice (both male and female), which model aspects of NCL and FTD pathology, developing lysosomal dysfunction, lipofuscinosis, and microgliosis. We first tested whether AAV-Grn could improve preexisting pathology. Even with treatment after onset of pathology, AAV-Grn reduced lipofuscinosis in several brain regions of Grn-/- mice. AAV-Grn also reduced microgliosis in brain regions distant from the injection site. AAV-expressed progranulin was only detected in neurons, not in microglia, indicating that the microglial activation in progranulin deficiency can be improved by targeting neurons and thus may be driven at least in part by neuronal dysfunction. Even areas with sparse transduction and almost undetectable progranulin showed improvement, indicating that low-level replacement may be sufficiently effective. The beneficial effects of AAV-Grn did not require progranulin binding to sortilin. Finally, we tested whether AAV-Grn improved lysosomal function. AAV-derived progranulin was delivered to the lysosome, ameliorated the accumulation of LAMP-1 in Grn-/- mice, and corrected abnormal cathepsin D activity. These data shed light on progranulin biology and support progranulin-boosting therapies for NCL and FTD due to GRN mutations.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Heterozygous loss-of-function progranulin (GRN) mutations cause frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and homozygous mutations cause neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL). Here, we address several mechanistic questions about the potential of progranulin gene therapy for these disorders. GRN mutation carriers with NCL or FTD exhibit lipofuscinosis and Grn-/- mouse models develop a similar pathology. AAV-mediated progranulin delivery reduced lipofuscinosis in Grn-/- mice even after the onset of pathology. AAV delivered progranulin only to neurons, not microglia, but improved microgliosis in several brain regions, indicating cross talk between neuronal and microglial pathology. Its beneficial effects were sortilin independent. AAV-derived progranulin was delivered to lysosomes and corrected lysosomal abnormalities. These data provide in vivo support for the efficacy of progranulin-boosting therapies for FTD and NCL.
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119
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Glawar AFG, Martínez RF, Ayers BJ, Hollas MA, Ngo N, Nakagawa S, Kato A, Butters TD, Fleet GWJ, Jenkinson SF. Structural essentials for β-N-acetylhexosaminidase inhibition by amides of prolines, pipecolic and azetidine carboxylic acids. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 14:10371-10385. [PMID: 27735004 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01549b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper explores the computer modelling aided design and synthesis of β-N-acetylhexosaminidase inhibitors along with their applicability to human disease treatment through biological evaluation in both an enzymatic and cellular setting. We investigated the importance of individual stereocenters, variations in structure-activity relationships along with factors influencing cell penetration. To achieve these goals we modified nitrogen heterocycles in terms of ring size, side chains present and ring nitrogen derivatization. By reducing the inhibitor interactions with the active site down to the essentials we were able to determine that besides the established 2S,3R trans-relationship, the presence and stereochemistry of the CH2OH side chain is of crucial importance for activity. In terms of cellular penetration, N-butyl side chains favour cellar uptake, while hydroxy- and carboxy-group bearing sidechains on the ring nitrogen retarded cellular penetration. Furthermore we show an early proof of principle study that β-N-acetylhexosaminidase inhibitors can be applicable to use in a potential anti-invasive anti-cancer strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F G Glawar
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK. and Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - R F Martínez
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - B J Ayers
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - M A Hollas
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - N Ngo
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - S Nakagawa
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
| | - A Kato
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
| | - T D Butters
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - G W J Fleet
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK. and Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - S F Jenkinson
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
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120
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Moskot M, Bocheńska K, Jakóbkiewicz-Banecka J, Banecki B, Gabig-Cimińska M. Abnormal Sphingolipid World in Inflammation Specific for Lysosomal Storage Diseases and Skin Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E247. [PMID: 29342918 PMCID: PMC5796195 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Research in recent years has shown that sphingolipids are essential signalling molecules for the proper biological and structural functioning of cells. Long-term studies on the metabolism of sphingolipids have provided evidence for their role in the pathogenesis of a number of diseases. As many inflammatory diseases, such as lysosomal storage disorders and some dermatologic diseases, including psoriasis, atopic dermatitis and ichthyoses, are associated with the altered composition and metabolism of sphingolipids, more studies precisely determining the responsibilities of these compounds for disease states are required to develop novel pharmacological treatment opportunities. It is worth emphasizing that knowledge from the study of inflammatory metabolic diseases and especially the possibility of their treatment may lead to insight into related metabolic pathways, including those involved in the formation of the epidermal barrier and providing new approaches towards workable therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Moskot
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Kadki 24, 80-822 Gdańsk, Poland.
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Bocheńska
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | | | - Bogdan Banecki
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG-MUG, Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Gabig-Cimińska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Kadki 24, 80-822 Gdańsk, Poland.
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
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121
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Hill CH, Cook GM, Spratley SJ, Fawke S, Graham SC, Deane JE. The mechanism of glycosphingolipid degradation revealed by a GALC-SapA complex structure. Nat Commun 2018; 9:151. [PMID: 29323104 PMCID: PMC5764952 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02361-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are essential components of cellular membranes and defects in their synthesis or degradation cause severe human diseases. The efficient degradation of sphingolipids in the lysosome requires lipid-binding saposin proteins and hydrolytic enzymes. The glycosphingolipid galactocerebroside is the primary lipid component of the myelin sheath and is degraded by the hydrolase β-galactocerebrosidase (GALC). This enzyme requires the saposin SapA for lipid processing and defects in either of these proteins causes a severe neurodegenerative disorder, Krabbe disease. Here we present the structure of a glycosphingolipid-processing complex, revealing how SapA and GALC form a heterotetramer with an open channel connecting the enzyme active site to the SapA hydrophobic cavity. This structure defines how a soluble hydrolase can cleave the polar glycosyl headgroups of these essential lipids from their hydrophobic ceramide tails. Furthermore, the molecular details of this interaction provide an illustration for how specificity of saposin binding to hydrolases is encoded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris H Hill
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK.,MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Georgia M Cook
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Samantha J Spratley
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK.,Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, MedImmune, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK
| | - Stuart Fawke
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Stephen C Graham
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Janet E Deane
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK.
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122
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Sandhoff R, Schulze H, Sandhoff K. Ganglioside Metabolism in Health and Disease. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2018; 156:1-62. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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123
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The spectrum of adult-onset heritable white-matter disorders. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64076-5.00043-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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124
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Abstract
Gangliosides are sialic acid containing glycosphingolipids, which are abundant in mammalian brain tissue. Several fatal human diseases are caused by defects in glycolipid metabolism. Defects in their degradation lead to an accumulation of metabolites upstream of the defective reactions, whereas defects in their biosynthesis lead to diverse problems in a large number of organs.Gangliosides are primarily positioned with their ceramide anchor in the neuronal plasma membrane and the glycan head group exposed on the cell surface. Their biosynthesis starts in the endoplasmic reticulum with the formation of the ceramide anchor, followed by sequential glycosylation reactions, mainly at the luminal surface of Golgi and TGN membranes, a combinatorial process, which is catalyzed by often promiscuous membrane-bound glycosyltransferases.Thereafter, the gangliosides are transported to the plasma membrane by exocytotic membrane flow. After endocytosis, they are degraded within the endolysosomal compartments by a complex machinery of degrading enzymes, lipid-binding activator proteins, and negatively charged lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette Breiden
- LIMES Institute, Membrane Biology & Lipid Biochemistry Unit, Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Konrad Sandhoff
- LIMES Institute, Membrane Biology & Lipid Biochemistry Unit, Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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125
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Sarbu M, Vukelić Ž, Clemmer DE, Zamfir AD. Ion mobility mass spectrometry provides novel insights into the expression and structure of gangliosides in the normal adult human hippocampus. Analyst 2018; 143:5234-5246. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an01118d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
General work-flow for ganglioside analysis by IM-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirela Sarbu
- National Institute for Research and Development in Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter
- Timisoara
- Romania
| | - Željka Vukelić
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Zagreb Medical School
- Zagreb
- Croatia
| | | | - Alina D. Zamfir
- National Institute for Research and Development in Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter
- Timisoara
- Romania
- “Aurel Vlaicu” University of Arad
- Arad
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126
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Gupta M, Pandey H, Sivakumar S. Intracellular Delivery of β-Galactosidase Enzyme Using Arginase-Responsive Dextran Sulfate/Poly-l-arginine Capsule for Lysosomal Storage Disorder. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:9002-9012. [PMID: 30023598 PMCID: PMC6044979 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b01230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
β-Galactosidase (β-gal) is one of the important lysosomal enzymes that is involved in the breakdown of glycosphingolipids (e.g., GM1 ganglioside), and its deficiency leads to GM1 Gangliosidosis, a lysosomal storage disorder (LSD). Intracellular delivery of β-gal is one of the preferable methods to treat this kind of LSDs. However, it cannot permeate the cell membrane due to its intricate macromolecular nature, low stability, and degradation by endogenous proteases. To this end, we report efficient intracellular delivery of β-gal via arginase-responsive dextran sulfate/poly-l-arginine polymer capsules (DS/PA capsules). The therapeutic activity of β-gal enzyme has been assessed in two gene-deficient diseased cell lines, SV (β-galactosidase gene-deficient mouse fibroblast) and R201C (deficient human β-galactosidase gene-introduced mouse fibroblast), and in wild-type mouse fibroblast immortalized cell lines. The activity of β-gal enzyme has been estimated within cells by using fluorescein isothiocyanate-cholera toxin B as a florescent probe that illustrates the level of GM1 ganglioside, the β-gal substrate. We found 1.8-, 3.4-, and 2.8-fold reduction in the substrate level in R201C, SV, and wild-type mouse fibroblast, respectively, which confirms the release and therapeutic activity of β-gal enzyme inside the cells. Moreover, enzyme delivery in gene-deficient diseased cell lines (SV and R201C) via DS/PA capsules reduced the level of enzyme substrate to a normal endogenous level, which is present in untreated wild-type mouse fibroblast cells. We note that loading of β-gal enzyme within DS/PA capsules was estimated to be 3 mU per hundred capsules and more than 77% of β-gal is released within 12 h. Overall, these results highlight the potential of DS/PA capsules as an efficient delivery carrier for therapeutic enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Gupta
- Institute
of Pharmacy, Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj
University, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208024, India
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom
University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh 211007, India
| | - Himanshu Pandey
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom
University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh 211007, India
| | - Sri Sivakumar
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Material Science Programme, Centre for Nanoscience
and Soft Nanotechnology, Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
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127
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Chen Y, Liu H, Xiong Y, Ju H. Quantitative Screening of Cell‐Surface Gangliosides by Nondestructive Extraction and Hydrophobic Collection. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201710984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Nanjing 210023 P.R. China
| | - Huipu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Nanjing 210023 P.R. China
| | - Yingying Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Nanjing 210023 P.R. China
| | - Huangxian Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Nanjing 210023 P.R. China
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128
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Chen Y, Liu H, Xiong Y, Ju H. Quantitative Screening of Cell-Surface Gangliosides by Nondestructive Extraction and Hydrophobic Collection. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 57:785-789. [PMID: 29205712 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201710984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A screening strategy involving designed extractors and collectors was used for the nondestructive quantitation of gangliosides on cell surfaces. The extractors were constructed by functionalizing maleimide silica bubbles with a DNA probe, which contains an endonuclease cleavage site and a boronic acid end to extract cell-surface sialic acid-containing compounds through simple centrifugation. After the extractors containing the extracted compounds were incubated with endonuclease, the released oligonucleotide-gangliosides were selectively collected by silanized collector bubbles through hydrophobic interactions. The in vitro fluorescent signals from the collectors were used for the quantitation of cell-surface gangliosides. By combining with sialidase cleavage, a protocol for the identification of ganglioside subtypes was developed. The successful monitoring of the regeneration of cell-surface gangliosides demonstrates the potential of this strategy in probing related biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P.R. China
| | - Huipu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P.R. China
| | - Yingying Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P.R. China
| | - Huangxian Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P.R. China
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129
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Kelly JM, Gross AL, Martin DR, Byrne ME. Polyethylene glycol-b-poly(lactic acid) polymersomes as vehicles for enzyme replacement therapy. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2017; 12:2591-2606. [PMID: 29111890 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2017-0221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Polymersomes are created to deliver an enzyme-based therapy to the brain in lysosomal storage disease patients. MATERIALS & METHODS Polymersomes are formed via the injection method using poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(lactic acid) (PEGPLA) and bound to apolipoprotein E, to create a brain-targeted delivery vehicle. RESULTS Polymersomes have a smallest average diameter of 145 ± 21 nm and encapsulate β-galactosidase at 72.0 ± 12.2% efficiency. PEGPLA polymersomes demonstrate limited release at physiologic pH (7.4), with a burst release at the acidic pH (4.8) of the lysosome. PEGPLA polymersomes facilitate delivery of active β-galactosidase to an in vitro model of GM1 gangliosidosis. CONCLUSION The foundation has been laid for testing of PEGPLA polymersomes to deliver enzymatic treatments to the brain in lysosomal storage disorders for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Kelly
- Biomimetic & Biohybrid Materials, Biomedical Devices, & Drug Delivery Laboratories, Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.,Scott Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.,US Department of Education GAANN Graduate Fellowship Program in Biological & Pharmaceutical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Amanda L Gross
- Scott Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.,Department of Anatomy, Physiology, & Pharmacology, Scott Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Douglas R Martin
- Scott Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.,US Department of Education GAANN Graduate Fellowship Program in Biological & Pharmaceutical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.,Department of Anatomy, Physiology, & Pharmacology, Scott Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Mark E Byrne
- Biomimetic & Biohybrid Materials, Biomedical Devices, & Drug Delivery Laboratories, Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.,US Department of Education GAANN Graduate Fellowship Program in Biological & Pharmaceutical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.,Biomimetic & Biohybrid Materials, Biomedical Devices, & Drug Delivery Laboratories, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
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130
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van der Knaap MS, Bugiani M. Leukodystrophies: a proposed classification system based on pathological changes and pathogenetic mechanisms. Acta Neuropathol 2017; 134:351-382. [PMID: 28638987 PMCID: PMC5563342 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-017-1739-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Leukodystrophies are genetically determined disorders characterized by the selective involvement of the central nervous system white matter. Onset may be at any age, from prenatal life to senescence. Many leukodystrophies are degenerative in nature, but some only impair white matter function. The clinical course is mostly progressive, but may also be static or even improving with time. Progressive leukodystrophies are often fatal, and no curative treatment is known. The last decade has witnessed a tremendous increase in the number of defined leukodystrophies also owing to a diagnostic approach combining magnetic resonance imaging pattern recognition and next generation sequencing. Knowledge on white matter physiology and pathology has also dramatically built up. This led to the recognition that only few leukodystrophies are due to mutations in myelin- or oligodendrocyte-specific genes, and many are rather caused by defects in other white matter structural components, including astrocytes, microglia, axons and blood vessels. We here propose a novel classification of leukodystrophies that takes into account the primary involvement of any white matter component. Categories in this classification are the myelin disorders due to a primary defect in oligodendrocytes or myelin (hypomyelinating and demyelinating leukodystrophies, leukodystrophies with myelin vacuolization); astrocytopathies; leuko-axonopathies; microgliopathies; and leuko-vasculopathies. Following this classification, we illustrate the neuropathology and disease mechanisms of some leukodystrophies taken as example for each category. Some leukodystrophies fall into more than one category. Given the complex molecular and cellular interplay underlying white matter pathology, recognition of the cellular pathology behind a disease becomes crucial in addressing possible treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjo S van der Knaap
- Department of Pediatrics/Child Neurology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Functional Genomics, Centre for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marianna Bugiani
- Department of Pediatrics/Child Neurology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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131
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Subramanian K, Rauniyar N, Lavalleé-Adam M, Yates JR, Balch WE. Quantitative Analysis of the Proteome Response to the Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor (HDACi) Vorinostat in Niemann-Pick Type C1 disease. Mol Cell Proteomics 2017; 16:1938-1957. [PMID: 28860124 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m116.064949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) disease is an inherited, progressive neurodegenerative disorder principally caused by mutations in the NPC1 gene. NPC disease is characterized by the accumulation of unesterified cholesterol in the late endosomes (LE) and lysosomes (Ly) (LE/Ly). Vorinostat, a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi), restores cholesterol homeostasis in fibroblasts derived from NPC patients; however, the exact mechanism by which Vorinostat restores cholesterol level is not known yet. In this study, we performed comparative proteomic profiling of the response of NPC1I1061T fibroblasts to Vorinostat. After stringent statistical criteria to filter identified proteins, we observed 202 proteins that are differentially expressed in Vorinostat-treated fibroblasts. These proteins are members of diverse cellular pathways including the endomembrane dependent protein folding-stability-degradation-trafficking axis, energy metabolism, and lipid metabolism. Our study shows that treatment of NPC1I1061T fibroblasts with Vorinostat not only enhances pathways promoting the folding, stabilization and trafficking of NPC1 (I1061T) mutant to the LE/Ly, but alters the expression of lysosomal proteins, specifically the lysosomal acid lipase (LIPA) involved in the LIPA->NPC2->NPC1 based flow of cholesterol from the LE/Ly lumen to the LE/Ly membrane. We posit that the Vorinostat may modulate numerous pathways that operate in an integrated fashion through epigenetic and post-translational modifications reflecting acetylation/deacetylation balance to help manage the defective NPC1 fold, the function of the LE/Ly system and/or additional cholesterol metabolism/distribution pathways, that could globally contribute to improved mitigation of NPC1 disease in the clinic based on as yet uncharacterized principles of cellular metabolism dictating cholesterol homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanagaraj Subramanian
- From the ‡Department of Chemical Physiology and Cell and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550, North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Navin Rauniyar
- §Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Mathieu Lavalleé-Adam
- §Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - John R Yates
- §Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - William E Balch
- From the ‡Department of Chemical Physiology and Cell and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550, North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037;
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132
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Osmon KJL, Woodley E, Thompson P, Ong K, Karumuthil-Melethil S, Keimel JG, Mark BL, Mahuran D, Gray SJ, Walia JS. Systemic Gene Transfer of a Hexosaminidase Variant Using an scAAV9.47 Vector Corrects GM2 Gangliosidosis in Sandhoff Mice. Hum Gene Ther 2017; 27:497-508. [PMID: 27199088 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2016.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
GM2 gangliosidosis is a group of neurodegenerative diseases caused by β-hexosaminidase A (HexA) enzyme deficiency. There is currently no cure. HexA is composed of two similar, nonidentical subunits, α and β, which must interact with the GM2 activator protein (GM2AP), a substrate-specific cofactor, to hydrolyze GM2 ganglioside. Mutations in either subunit or the activator can result in the accumulation of GM2 ganglioside within neurons throughout the central nervous system. The resulting neuronal cell death induces the primary symptoms of the disease: motor impairment, seizures, and sensory impairments. This study assesses the long-term effects of gene transfer in a Sandhoff (β-subunit knockout) mouse model. The study utilized a modified human β-hexosaminidase α-subunit (μ-subunit) that contains critical sequences from the β-subunit that enables formation of a stable homodimer (HexM) and interaction with GM2AP to hydrolyze GM2 ganglioside. We investigated a self-complementary adeno-associated viral (scAAV) vector expressing HexM, through intravenous injections of the neonatal mice. We monitored one cohort for 8 weeks and another cohort long-term for survival benefit, behavioral, biochemical, and molecular analyses. Untreated Sandhoff disease (SD) control mice reached a humane endpoint at approximately 15 weeks, whereas treated mice had a median survival age of 40 weeks, an approximate 2.5-fold survival advantage. On behavioral tests, the treated mice outperformed their knockout age-matched controls and perform similarly to the heterozygous controls. Through the enzymatic and GM2 ganglioside analyses, we observed a significant decrease in the GM2 ganglioside level, even though the enzyme levels were not significantly increased. Molecular analyses revealed a global distribution of the vector between brain and spinal cord regions. In conclusion, the neonatal delivery of a novel viral vector expressing the human HexM enzyme is effective in ameliorating the SD mouse phenotype for long-term. Our data could have implications not only for treatment of SD but also for Tay-Sachs disease (α-subunit deficiency) and similar brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlaina J L Osmon
- 1 Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University , Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Evan Woodley
- 2 Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University , Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patrick Thompson
- 3 Medical Genetics/Departments of Pediatrics, Queen's University , Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katalina Ong
- 3 Medical Genetics/Departments of Pediatrics, Queen's University , Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - John G Keimel
- 5 New Hope Research Foundation , North Oaks, Minnesota
| | - Brian L Mark
- 6 Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Don Mahuran
- 7 Genetics and Genome Biology, SickKids, Toronto, Ontario, Canada .,8 Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Steven J Gray
- 4 Gene Therapy Center, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,9 Department of Ophthalmology, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jagdeep S Walia
- 1 Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University , Kingston, Ontario, Canada .,2 Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University , Kingston, Ontario, Canada .,3 Medical Genetics/Departments of Pediatrics, Queen's University , Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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133
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Kolicheski A, Johnson GS, Villani NA, O'Brien DP, Mhlanga-Mutangadura T, Wenger DA, Mikoloski K, Eagleson JS, Taylor JF, Schnabel RD, Katz ML. GM2 Gangliosidosis in Shiba Inu Dogs with an In-Frame Deletion in HEXB. J Vet Intern Med 2017; 31:1520-1526. [PMID: 28833537 PMCID: PMC5598891 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Consistent with a tentative diagnosis of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL), autofluorescent cytoplasmic storage bodies were found in neurons from the brains of 2 related Shiba Inu dogs with a young‐adult onset, progressive neurodegenerative disease. Unexpectedly, no potentially causal NCL‐related variants were identified in a whole‐genome sequence generated with DNA from 1 of the affected dogs. Instead, the whole‐genome sequence contained a homozygous 3 base pair (bp) deletion in a coding region of HEXB. The other affected dog also was homozygous for this 3‐bp deletion. Mutations in the human HEXB ortholog cause Sandhoff disease, a type of GM2 gangliosidosis. Thin‐layer chromatography confirmed that GM2 ganglioside had accumulated in an affected Shiba Inu brain. Enzymatic analysis confirmed that the GM2 gangliosidosis resulted from a deficiency in the HEXB encoded protein and not from a deficiency in products from HEXA or GM2A, which are known alternative causes of GM2 gangliosidosis. We conclude that the homozygous 3‐bp deletion in HEXB is the likely cause of the Shiba Inu neurodegenerative disease and that whole‐genome sequencing can lead to the early identification of potentially disease‐causing DNA variants thereby refocusing subsequent diagnostic analyses toward confirming or refuting candidate variant causality.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kolicheski
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - G S Johnson
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - N A Villani
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - D P O'Brien
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | | | - D A Wenger
- Department of Neurology, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, PA
| | - K Mikoloski
- Pittsburgh Veterinary Specialty and Emergency Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - J S Eagleson
- Veterinary Specialty and Emergency Center, Blue Pearl Veterinary Partners, Levittown, PA
| | - J F Taylor
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - R D Schnabel
- Division of Animal Sciences and Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - M L Katz
- Mason Eye Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
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134
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Karimzadeh P, Naderi S, Modarresi F, Dastsooz H, Nemati H, Farokhashtiani T, Shamsian BS, Inaloo S, Faghihi MA. Case reports of juvenile GM1 gangliosidosisis type II caused by mutation in GLB1 gene. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2017; 18:73. [PMID: 28716012 PMCID: PMC5513107 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-017-0417-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type II or juvenile GM1-gangliosidosis is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder, which is clinically distinct from infantile form of the disease by the lack of characteristic cherry-red spot and hepatosplenomegaly. The disease is characterized by slowly progressive neurodegeneration and mild skeletal changes. Due to the later age of onset and uncharacteristic presentation, diagnosis is frequently puzzled with other ataxic and purely neurological disorders. Up to now, 3-4 types of GM1-gangliosidosis have been reported and among them type I is the most common phenotype with the age of onset around 6 months. Various forms of GM1-gangliosidosis are caused by GLB1 gene mutations but severity of the disease and age of onset are directly related to the position and the nature of deleterious mutations. However, due to its unique genetic cause and overlapping clinical features, some researchers believe that GM1 gangliosidosis represents an overlapped disease spectrum instead of four distinct types. CASE PRESENTATION Here, we report a less frequent type of autosomal recessive GM1 gangliosidosis with perplexing clinical presentation in three families in the southwest part of Iran, who are unrelated but all from "Lurs" ethnic background. To identify disease-causing mutations, Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) utilizing next generation sequencing was performed. Four patients from three families were investigated with the age of onset around 3 years old. Clinical presentations were ataxia, gate disturbances and dystonia leading to wheelchair-dependent disability, regression of intellectual abilities, and general developmental regression. They all were born in consanguineous families with no previous documented similar disease in their parents. A homozygote missense mutation in GLB1 gene (c. 601 G > A, p.R201C) was found in all patients. Using Sanger sequencing this identified mutation was confirmed in the proband, their parents, grandparents, and extended family members, confirming its autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance. CONCLUSIONS Our study identified a rare pathogenic missense mutation in GLB1 gene in patients with complex neurodevelopmental findings, which can extend the list of differential diagnoses for childhood ataxia in Iranian patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvaneh Karimzadeh
- Pediatric Neurology Department, Pediatric Neurology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Naderi
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Modarresi
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, USA
| | - Hassan Dastsooz
- Comprehensive Medical Genetic Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hamid Nemati
- Shiraz Neuroscience Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Tayebeh Farokhashtiani
- Pediatric Neurology Department, Pediatric Neurology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Bibi Shahin Shamsian
- Pediatric Congenital Hematologic Disorders Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soroor Inaloo
- Neonatal Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Faghihi
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, USA.
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135
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Mohamed FE, Al-Gazali L, Al-Jasmi F, Ali BR. Pharmaceutical Chaperones and Proteostasis Regulators in the Therapy of Lysosomal Storage Disorders: Current Perspective and Future Promises. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:448. [PMID: 28736525 PMCID: PMC5500627 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Different approaches have been utilized or proposed for the treatment of lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) including enzyme replacement and hematopoietic stem cell transplant therapies, both aiming to compensate for the enzymatic loss of the underlying mutated lysosomal enzymes. However, these approaches have their own limitations and therefore the vast majority of LSDs are either still untreatable or their treatments are inadequate. Missense mutations affecting enzyme stability, folding and cellular trafficking are common in LSDs resulting often in low protein half-life, premature degradation, aggregation and retention of the mutant proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. Small molecular weight compounds such as pharmaceutical chaperones (PCs) and proteostasis regulators have been in recent years to be promising approaches for overcoming some of these protein processing defects. These compounds are thought to enhance lysosomal enzyme activity by specific binding to the mutated enzyme or by manipulating components of the proteostasis pathways promoting protein stability, folding and trafficking and thus enhancing and restoring some of the enzymatic activity of the mutated protein in lysosomes. Multiple compounds have already been approved for clinical use to treat multiple LSDs like migalastat in the treatment of Fabry disease and others are currently under research or in clinical trials such as Ambroxol hydrochloride and Pyrimethamine. In this review, we are presenting a general overview of LSDs, their molecular and cellular bases, and focusing on recent advances on targeting and manipulation proteostasis, including the use of PCs and proteostasis regulators, as therapeutic targets for some LSDs. In addition, we present the successes, limitations and future perspectives in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fedah E Mohamed
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates UniversityAl Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Lihadh Al-Gazali
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates UniversityAl Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fatma Al-Jasmi
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates UniversityAl Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bassam R Ali
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates UniversityAl Ain, United Arab Emirates.,Zayed Bin Sultan Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates UniversityAl-Ain, United Arab Emirates
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136
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Rigante D, Cipolla C, Basile U, Gulli F, Savastano MC. Overview of immune abnormalities in lysosomal storage disorders. Immunol Lett 2017; 188:79-85. [PMID: 28687233 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The critical relevance of the lysosomal compartment for normal cellular function can be proved by numbering the clinical phenotypes that arise in lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs), a group of around 70 different monogenic autosomal or X-linked syndromes, caused by specific lysosomal enzyme deficiencies: all LSDs are characterized by progressive accumulation of heterogeneous biologic materials in the lysosomes of various parts of the body such as viscera, skeleton, skin, heart, and central nervous system. At least a fraction of LSDs has been associated with mixed abnormalities involving the immune system, while some patients with LSDs may result more prone to autoimmune phenomena. A large production of proinflammatory cytokines has been observed in Gaucher and Fabry diseases, and wide different autoantibody production has been also reported in both. Many immune-mediated reactions are crucial to the pathogenesis of different inflammatory signs in mucopolysaccharidoses, and subverted heparan sulphate catabolism might dysregulate cellular homeostasis in the brain of these patients. Furthermore, an inappropriate activation of microglia is implicated in the neurodegenerative foci of Niemann-Pick disease, in which abnormal signalling pathways are activated by impaired sphingolipid metabolism. In addition, not the simple impaired catabolism of gangliosides per se, but also the production of anti-ganglioside autoantibodies contributes to the neurological disease of gangliosidoses. Even if the exact relationship between the modification of lysosomal activities and modulation of the immune system remains obscure, there is emerging evidence of different impaired immunity responses in a variety of LSDs: in this review we investigate and summarize the immune abnormalities and/or clinical data about immune system irregularities which have been described in a subset of LSDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donato Rigante
- Institute of Pediatrics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
| | - Clelia Cipolla
- Institute of Pediatrics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Umberto Basile
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Gulli
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Ospedale M.G. Vannini, Institute Figlie S. Camillo, Rome, Italy
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137
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Pan X, De Aragão CDBP, Velasco-Martin JP, Priestman DA, Wu HY, Takahashi K, Yamaguchi K, Sturiale L, Garozzo D, Platt FM, Lamarche-Vane N, Morales CR, Miyagi T, Pshezhetsky AV. Neuraminidases 3 and 4 regulate neuronal function by catabolizing brain gangliosides. FASEB J 2017; 31:3467-3483. [PMID: 28442549 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201601299r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Gangliosides (sialylated glycolipids) play an essential role in the CNS by regulating recognition and signaling in neurons. Metabolic blocks in processing and catabolism of gangliosides result in the development of severe neurologic disorders, including gangliosidoses manifesting with neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. We demonstrate that 2 mammalian enzymes, neuraminidases 3 and 4, play important roles in catabolic processing of brain gangliosides by cleaving terminal sialic acid residues in their glycan chains. In neuraminidase 3 and 4 double-knockout mice, GM3 ganglioside is stored in microglia, vascular pericytes, and neurons, causing micro- and astrogliosis, neuroinflammation, accumulation of lipofuscin bodies, and memory loss, whereas their cortical and hippocampal neurons have lower rate of neuritogenesis in vitro Double-knockout mice also have reduced levels of GM1 ganglioside and myelin in neuronal axons. Furthermore, neuraminidase 3 deficiency drastically increased storage of GM2 in the brain tissues of an asymptomatic mouse model of Tay-Sachs disease, a severe human gangliosidosis, indicating that this enzyme is responsible for the metabolic bypass of β-hexosaminidase A deficiency. Together, our results provide the first in vivo evidence that neuraminidases 3 and 4 have important roles in CNS function by catabolizing gangliosides and preventing their storage in lipofuscin bodies.-Pan, X., De Britto Pará De Aragão, C., Velasco-Martin, J. P., Priestman, D. A., Wu, H. Y., Takahashi, K., Yamaguchi, K., Sturiale, L., Garozzo, D., Platt, F. M., Lamarche-Vane, N., Morales, C. R., Miyagi, T., Pshezhetsky, A. V. Neuraminidases 3 and 4 regulate neuronal function by catabolizing brain gangliosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefang Pan
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Camila De Britto Pará De Aragão
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - David A Priestman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Harry Y Wu
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kohta Takahashi
- Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Luisella Sturiale
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute for Polymers, Composites, and Biomaterials, Catania, Italy
| | - Domenico Garozzo
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute for Polymers, Composites, and Biomaterials, Catania, Italy
| | - Frances M Platt
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nathalie Lamarche-Vane
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Carlos R Morales
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Taeko Miyagi
- Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute, Natori, Japan
| | - Alexey V Pshezhetsky
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; .,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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138
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Martins C, Brunel-Guitton C, Lortie A, Gauvin F, Morales CR, Mitchell GA, Pshezhetsky AV. Atypical juvenile presentation of G M2 gangliosidosis AB in a patient compound-heterozygote for c.259G > T and c.164C > T mutations in the GM2A gene. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2017; 11:24-29. [PMID: 28417072 PMCID: PMC5388932 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2017.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
GM2-gangliosidosis, AB variant is an extremely rare autosomal recessive inherited disorder caused by mutations in the GM2A gene that encodes GM2 ganglioside activator protein (GM2AP). GM2AP is necessary for solubilisation of GM2 ganglioside in endolysosomes and its presentation to β-hexosaminidase A. Conversely GM2AP deficiency impairs lysosomal catabolism of GM2 ganglioside, leading to its storage in cells and tissues. We describe a 9-year-old child with an unusual juvenile clinical onset of GM2-gangliosidosis AB. At the age of 3 years he presented with global developmental delay, progressive epilepsy, intellectual disability, axial hypertonia, spasticity, seizures and ataxia, but without the macular cherry-red spots typical for GM2 gangliosidosis. Brain MRI detected a rapid onset of diffuse atrophy, whereas whole exome sequencing showed that the patient is a compound heterozygote for two mutations in GM2A: a novel nonsense mutation, c.259G > T (p.E87X) and a missense mutation c.164C > T (p.P55L) that was recently identified in homozygosity in patients of a Saudi family with a progressive chorea-dementia syndrome. Western blot analysis showed an absence of GM2AP in cultured fibroblasts from the patient, suggesting that both mutations interfere with the synthesis and/or folding of the protein. Finally, impaired catabolism of GM2 ganglioside in the patient's fibroblasts was demonstrated by metabolic labeling with fluorescently labeled GM1 ganglioside and by immunohistochemistry with anti-GM2 and anti-GM3 antibodies. Our observation expands the molecular and clinical spectrum of molecular defects linked to GM2-gangliosidosis and suggests novel diagnostic approach by whole exome sequencing and perhaps ganglioside analysis in cultured patient's cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Martins
- CHU Ste-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Anne Lortie
- CHU Ste-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - France Gauvin
- CHU Ste-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Carlos R Morales
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Alexey V Pshezhetsky
- CHU Ste-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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139
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PUGNAc treatment provokes globotetraosylceramide accumulation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 487:76-82. [PMID: 28392398 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PUGNAc is a well-investigated inhibitor for protein-O-GlcNAcase, whereas recent investigations showed that PUGNAc had a broad range as inhibitor for cellular β-hexosaminidases. Here we report that PUGNAc treatment provokes globotetraosylceramide (Gb4Cer) accumulation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). HPLC analysis and a quantitative ELISA using newly developed anti-Gb4Cer monoclonal antibody revealed that PUGNAc treatment specifically increased the expression of Gb4Cer among glycosphingolipids expressed in HUVEC. Although the effect was weaker than PUGNAc, an O-GlcNAcase selective inhibitor (Thiamet-G) treatment also increased Gb4Cer levels in HUVEC. Furthermore, both of PUGNAc and Thiamet-G treatment up-regulated the expression levels of α-1,4-galactosyltransferase/Gb3Cer synthase gene which encodes a key enzyme in Gb4Cer synthesis. These results indicate that protein-O-GlcNAcylation can regulate the expression levels of cellular Gb4Cer.
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140
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Sarbu M, Dehelean L, Munteanu CV, Vukelić Ž, Zamfir AD. Assessment of ganglioside age-related and topographic specificity in human brain by Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Anal Biochem 2017; 521:40-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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141
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Matalonga L, Gort L, Ribes A. Small molecules as therapeutic agents for inborn errors of metabolism. J Inherit Metab Dis 2017; 40:177-193. [PMID: 27966099 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-016-0005-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Most inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) remain without effective treatment mainly due to the incapacity of conventional therapeutic approaches to target the neurological symptomatology and to ameliorate the multisystemic involvement frequently observed in these patients. However, in recent years, the therapeutic use of small molecules has emerged as a promising approach for treating this heterogeneous group of disorders. In this review, we focus on the use of therapeutically active small molecules to treat IEM, including readthrough agents, pharmacological chaperones, proteostasis regulators, substrate inhibitors, and autophagy inducers. The small molecules reviewed herein act at different cellular levels, and this knowledge provides new tools to set up innovative treatment approaches for particular IEM. We review the molecular mechanism underlying therapeutic properties of small molecules, methodologies used to screen for these compounds, and their applicability in preclinical and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Matalonga
- Secció Errors Congènits del Metabolisme-IBC. Servei de Bioquímica i Genètica Molecular, Hospital Clínic, CIBERER-U737; IDIBAPS, C/ Mejía Lequerica s/n, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Laura Gort
- Secció Errors Congènits del Metabolisme-IBC. Servei de Bioquímica i Genètica Molecular, Hospital Clínic, CIBERER-U737; IDIBAPS, C/ Mejía Lequerica s/n, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonia Ribes
- Secció Errors Congènits del Metabolisme-IBC. Servei de Bioquímica i Genètica Molecular, Hospital Clínic, CIBERER-U737; IDIBAPS, C/ Mejía Lequerica s/n, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
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142
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Song Y, Bei Y, Mao D, Ding W, Lin Z. A combination of gangliosides and nerve growth factor alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced neuronal cells damage and its mechanism. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20170801025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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143
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Karlsson O, Michno W, Ransome Y, Hanrieder J. MALDI imaging delineates hippocampal glycosphingolipid changes associated with neurotoxin induced proteopathy following neonatal BMAA exposure. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2016; 1865:740-746. [PMID: 27956354 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The environmental toxin β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) has been proposed to contribute to neurodegenerative diseases. We have previously shown that neonatal exposure to BMAA results in dose-dependent cognitive impairments, proteomic alterations and progressive neurodegeneration in the hippocampus of adult rats. A high BMAA dose (460mg/kg) also induced intracellular fibril formation, increased protein ubiquitination and enrichment of proteins important for lipid transport and metabolism. The aim of this study was therefore to elucidate the role of neuronal lipids in BMAA-induced neurodegeneration. By using matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI IMS), we characterized the spatial lipid profile in the hippocampus of six month-old rats that were treated neonatally (postnatal days 9-10) with 460mg/kg BMAA. Multivariate statistical analysis revealed long-term changes in distinct ganglioside species (GM, GD, GT) in the dentate gyrus. These changes could be a consequence of direct effects on ganglioside biosynthesis through the b-series (GM3-GD3-GD2-GD1b-GT1b) and may be linked to astrogliosis. Complementary immunohistochemistry experiments towards GFAP and S100β further verified the role of increased astrocyte activity in BMAA-induced brain damage. This highlights the potential of imaging MS for probing chemical changes associated with neuropathological mechanisms in situ. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: MALDI Imaging, edited by Dr. Corinna Henkel and Prof. Peter Hoffmann.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Karlsson
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Toxicology and Drug Safety, Uppsala University, Box 591, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wojciech Michno
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal Hospital, House V, 431 80 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Yusuf Ransome
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jörg Hanrieder
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal Hospital, House V, 431 80 Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Analytical Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, WC1N 3BG London, UK.
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144
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Feider CL, Elizondo N, Eberlin LS. Ambient Ionization and FAIMS Mass Spectrometry for Enhanced Imaging of Multiply Charged Molecular Ions in Biological Tissues. Anal Chem 2016; 88:11533-11541. [PMID: 27782388 PMCID: PMC5317180 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Ambient ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) has been increasingly used to investigate the molecular distribution of biological tissue samples. Here, we report the integration and optimization of desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) and liquid-microjunction surface sampling probe (LMJ-SSP) with a chip-based high-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) device to image metabolites, lipids, and proteins in biological tissue samples. Optimized FAIMS parameters for specific molecular classes enabled semitargeted detection of multiply charged molecular species at enhanced signal-to-noise ratios (S/N), improved visualization of spatial distributions, and, most importantly, allowed detection of species which were unseen by ambient ionization MSI alone. Under static DESI-FAIMS conditions selected for transmission of doubly charged cardiolipins (CL), for example, detection of 71 different CL species was achieved in rat brain, 23 of which were not observed by DESI alone. Diagnostic CL were imaged in a human thyroid tumor sample with reduced interference of isobaric species. LMJ-SSP-FAIMS enabled detection of 84 multiply charged protein ions in rat brain tissue, 66 of which were exclusive to this approach. Spatial visualization of proteins in substructures of rat brain, and in human ovarian cancerous, necrotic, and normal tissues was achieved. Our results indicate that integration of FAIMS with ambient ionization MS allows improved detection and imaging of selected molecular species. We show that this methodology is valuable in biomedical applications of MSI for detection of multiply charged lipids and proteins from biological tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara L Feider
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Natalia Elizondo
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Livia S Eberlin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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145
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Lloyd-Evans E, Haslett LJ. The lysosomal storage disease continuum with ageing-related neurodegenerative disease. Ageing Res Rev 2016; 32:104-121. [PMID: 27516378 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomal storage diseases and diseases of ageing share many features both at the physiological level and with respect to the mechanisms that underlie disease pathogenesis. Although the exact pathophysiology is not exactly the same, it is astounding how many similar pathways are altered in all of these diseases. The aim of this review is to provide a summary of the shared disease mechanisms, outlining the similarities and differences and how genetics, insight into rare diseases and functional research has changed our perspective on the causes underlying common diseases of ageing. The lysosome should no longer be considered as just the stomach of the cell or as a suicide bag, it has an emerging role in cellular signalling, nutrient sensing and recycling. The lysosome is of fundamental importance in the pathophysiology of diseases of ageing and by comparing against the LSDs we not only identify common pathways but also therapeutic targets so that ultimately more effective treatments can be developed for all neurodegenerative diseases.
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146
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Lawson CA, Martin DR. Animal models of GM2 gangliosidosis: utility and limitations. APPLICATION OF CLINICAL GENETICS 2016; 9:111-20. [PMID: 27499644 PMCID: PMC4959762 DOI: 10.2147/tacg.s85354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
GM2 gangliosidosis, a subset of lysosomal storage disorders, is caused by a deficiency of the glycohydrolase, β-N-acetylhexosaminidase, and includes the closely related Tay–Sachs and Sandhoff diseases. The enzyme deficiency prevents the normal, stepwise degradation of ganglioside, which accumulates unchecked within the cellular lysosome, particularly in neurons. As a result, individuals with GM2 gangliosidosis experience progressive neurological diseases including motor deficits, progressive weakness and hypotonia, decreased responsiveness, vision deterioration, and seizures. Mice and cats are well-established animal models for Sandhoff disease, whereas Jacob sheep are the only known laboratory animal model of Tay–Sachs disease to exhibit clinical symptoms. Since the human diseases are relatively rare, animal models are indispensable tools for further study of pathogenesis and for development of potential treatments. Though no effective treatments for gangliosidoses currently exist, animal models have been used to test promising experimental therapies. Herein, the utility and limitations of gangliosidosis animal models and how they have contributed to the development of potential new treatments are described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Douglas R Martin
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center; Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL, USA
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147
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Park DH, Wang L, Pittock P, Lajoie G, Whitehead SN. Increased Expression of GM1 Detected by Electrospray Mass Spectrometry in Rat Primary Embryonic Cortical Neurons Exposed to Glutamate Toxicity. Anal Chem 2016; 88:7844-52. [PMID: 27376483 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b01940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Neurons within different brain regions have varying levels of vulnerability to external stress and respond differently to injury. A potential reason to explain this may lie within a key lipid class of the cell's plasma membrane called gangliosides. These glycosphingolipid species have been shown to play various roles in the maintenance of neuronal viability. The purpose of this study is to use electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and immunohistochemistry to evaluate the temporal expression profiles of gangliosides during the course of neurodegeneration in rat primary cortical neurons exposed to glutamate toxicity. Primary embryonic (E18) rat cortical neurons were cultured to DIV (days in vitro) 14. Glutamate toxicity was induced for 1, 3, 6, and 24 h to injure and kill neurons. Immunofluorescence was used to stain for GM1 and GM3 species, and ESI-MS was used to quantify the ganglioside species expressed within these injured neurons. ESI-MS data revealed that GM1, GM2, and GM3 were up-regulated in neurons exposed to glutamate. Interestingly, using immunofluorescence, we demonstrated that the GM1 increase following glutamate exposure occurred in viable neurons, possibly indicating a potential intrinsic neuroprotective response. To test this potential neuroprotective property, neurons were pretreated with GM1 for 24 h prior to glutamate exposure. Pretreatment with GM1 conferred significant neuroprotection against glutamate-induced cell death. Overall, work from this study validates the use of ESI-MS for cell-derived gangliosides and supports the further development of lipid based strategies to protect against neuron cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Shawn Narain Whitehead
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario , London, Ontario N6A 5A5, Canada
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148
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Sheth J, Datar C, Mistri M, Bhavsar R, Sheth F, Shah K. GM2 gangliosidosis AB variant: novel mutation from India - a case report with a review. BMC Pediatr 2016; 16:88. [PMID: 27402091 PMCID: PMC4939586 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-016-0626-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background GM2 gangliosidosis-AB variants a rare autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder occurring due to deficiency of GM2 activator protein resulting from the mutation in GM2A gene. Only seven mutations in nine cases have been reported from different population except India. Case presentation Present case is a one year old male born to 3rd degree consanguineous Indian parents from Maharashtra. He was presented with global developmental delay, hypotonia and sensitive to hyperacusis. Horizontal nystagmus and cherry red spot was detected during ophthalmic examination. MRI of brain revealed putaminal hyperintensity and thalamic hypointensity with some unmyelinated white matter in T2/T1 weighted images. Initially he was suspected having Tay-Sachs disease and finally diagnosed as GM2 gangliosidosis, AB variant due to truncated protein caused by nonsense mutation c.472 G > T (p.E158X) in GM2Agene. Conclusion Children with phenotypic presentation as GM2 gangliosidosis (Tay-Sachs or Sandhoff disease) and normal enzyme activity of β-hexosaminidase-A and -B in leucocytes need to be investigated for GM2 activator protein deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayesh Sheth
- Department of Biochemical and Molecular Genetics, FRIGE's Institute of Human Genetics, FRIGE House, Jodhpur Gam Road, Satellite, Ahmedabad, 380015, Gujarat, India.
| | - Chaitanya Datar
- Sahyadari Medical Genetics and Tissue engineering facility (SMGTEF), Pune, 411005, India
| | - Mehul Mistri
- Department of Biochemical and Molecular Genetics, FRIGE's Institute of Human Genetics, FRIGE House, Jodhpur Gam Road, Satellite, Ahmedabad, 380015, Gujarat, India
| | - Riddhi Bhavsar
- Department of Biochemical and Molecular Genetics, FRIGE's Institute of Human Genetics, FRIGE House, Jodhpur Gam Road, Satellite, Ahmedabad, 380015, Gujarat, India
| | - Frenny Sheth
- Department of Biochemical and Molecular Genetics, FRIGE's Institute of Human Genetics, FRIGE House, Jodhpur Gam Road, Satellite, Ahmedabad, 380015, Gujarat, India
| | - Krati Shah
- Department of Biochemical and Molecular Genetics, FRIGE's Institute of Human Genetics, FRIGE House, Jodhpur Gam Road, Satellite, Ahmedabad, 380015, Gujarat, India
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149
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Gangliosides of the Vertebrate Nervous System. J Mol Biol 2016; 428:3325-3336. [PMID: 27261254 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2016.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gangliosides, sialylated glycosphingolipids, found on all vertebrate cells and tissues, are major molecular determinants on the surfaces of vertebrate nerve cells. Composed of a sialylated glycan attached to a ceramide lipid, the same four structures-GM1, GD1a, GD1b, and GT1b-represent the vast majority (>90%) of gangliosides in the brains of all mammals and birds. Primarily found on the outer surface of the plasma membrane with their glycans facing outward, gangliosides associate laterally with each other, sphingomyelin, cholesterol, and select proteins in lipid rafts-the dynamic functional subdomains of the plasma membrane. The functions of gangliosides in the human nervous system are revealed by congenital mutations in ganglioside biosynthetic genes. Mutations in ST3GAL5, which codes for an enzyme early in brain ganglioside biosynthesis, result in an early-onset seizure disorder with profound motor and cognitive decay, whereas mutations in B4GALNT1, a gene encoding a later step, result in hereditary spastic paraplegia accompanied by intellectual deficits. The molecular functions of brain gangliosides include regulation of receptors in the same membrane via lateral (cis) associations and regulation of cell-cell recognition by trans interaction with ganglioside binding proteins on apposing cells. Gangliosides also affect the aggregation of Aβ (Alzheimer's disease) and α-synuclein (Parkinson's Disease). As analytical, biochemical, and genetic tools advance, research on gangliosides promises to reveal mechanisms of molecular control related to nerve and glial cell differentiation, neuronal excitability, axon outgrowth after nervous system injury, and protein folding in neurodegenerative diseases.
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150
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Schütz I, Lopez-Hernandez T, Gao Q, Puchkov D, Jabs S, Nordmeyer D, Schmudde M, Rühl E, Graf CM, Haucke V. Lysosomal Dysfunction Caused by Cellular Accumulation of Silica Nanoparticles. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:14170-14184. [PMID: 27226546 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.710947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) are widely used as components of drugs or cosmetics and hold great promise for biomedicine, yet their effects on cell physiology remain poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that clathrin-independent dynamin 2-mediated caveolar uptake of surface-functionalized silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) impairs cell viability due to lysosomal dysfunction. We show that internalized SiNPs accumulate in lysosomes resulting in inhibition of autophagy-mediated protein turnover and impaired degradation of internalized epidermal growth factor, whereas endosomal recycling proceeds unperturbed. This phenotype is caused by perturbed delivery of cargo via autophagosomes and late endosomes to SiNP-filled cathepsin B/L-containing lysosomes rather than elevated lysosomal pH or altered mTOR activity. Given the importance of autophagy and lysosomal protein degradation for cellular proteostasis and clearance of aggregated proteins, these results raise the question of beneficial use of NPs in biomedicine and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Schütz
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tania Lopez-Hernandez
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Qi Gao
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dmytro Puchkov
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabrina Jabs
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany,; Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Nordmeyer
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Madlen Schmudde
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Eckart Rühl
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christina M Graf
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Volker Haucke
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany,; Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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