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Thornton LK, Chapman C, Leidl D, Conroy C, Teesson M, Slade T, Koning I, Champion K, Stapinski L, Newton N. Climate schools plus: An online, combined student and parent, universal drug prevention program. Internet Interv 2018; 12:36-45. [PMID: 30135767 PMCID: PMC6096315 DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Early initiation of substance use significantly increases one's risk of developing substance use dependence and mental disorders later in life. To interrupt this trajectory, effective prevention during the adolescent period is critical. Parents play a key role in preventing substance use and related harms among adolescents and parenting interventions have been identified as critical components of effective prevention programs. Despite this, there is currently no substance use prevention program targeting both students and parents that adopts online delivery to overcome barriers to implementation and sustainability. The Climate Schools Plus (CSP) program was developed to meet this need. CSP is an online substance use prevention program for students and parents, based on the effective Climate Schools prevention program for students. This paper describes the development of the parent component of CSP including a literature review and results of a large scoping survey of parents of Australian high school students (n = 242). This paper also includes results of beta-testing of the developed program with relevant experts (n = 10), and parents of Australian high school students (n = 15). The CSP parent component consists of 1) a webinar which introduces shared rule ranking, 2) online modules and 3) summaries of student lessons. The parent program targets evidence-based modifiable factors associated with a delay in the onset of adolescent substance use and/or lower levels of adolescent substance use in the future; namely, rule-setting, monitoring, and modelling. To date, this is the first combined parent-student substance use prevention program to adopt an online delivery method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise K. Thornton
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Substance Use and Mental Health, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia,Corresponding author at: NDARC, UNSW Australia, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Cath Chapman
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Substance Use and Mental Health, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Dana Leidl
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Substance Use and Mental Health, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia,School of Psychology, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Chloe Conroy
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Substance Use and Mental Health, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Maree Teesson
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Substance Use and Mental Health, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tim Slade
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Substance Use and Mental Health, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ina Koning
- Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Universiteit Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Katrina Champion
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Substance Use and Mental Health, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia,Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60614, United States
| | - Lexine Stapinski
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Substance Use and Mental Health, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nicola Newton
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Substance Use and Mental Health, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
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102
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Williams A, de Vlieger N, Young M, Jensen ME, Burrows TL, Morgan PJ, Collins CE. Dietary outcomes of overweight fathers and their children in the Healthy Dads, Healthy Kids community randomised controlled trial. J Hum Nutr Diet 2018; 31:523-532. [PMID: 29473237 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have examined dietary intake changes following a weight loss intervention in fathers and the association between father-child dietary intakes. The present study aimed to: (i) evaluate the change in dietary intake in overweight fathers randomised to a family-based lifestyle intervention [Healthy Dads Healthy Kids (HDHK)] versus controls and (ii) investigate whether an association exists between father-child dietary intakes. METHODS A secondary analysis was conducted of father-child baseline and 3-month post-intervention data (n = 93) collected in the HDHK community randomised controlled trial. Intention-to-treat linear mixed models were used to assess dietary changes by group, time (baseline and 3-month) and the group-by-time interaction. Cohens d was used to determine effect sizes. RESULTS Significant group-by-time effects (all P < 0.05) favouring fathers in the intervention group were identified for total daily energy intake (-1956 kJ, d = 0.74), total sugars (-45 g, d = 0.63), sodium (-414 mg, d = 0.58) and % energy from nutrient-dense, core foods (+10.1%, d = 0.86), fruit (+2.4%, d = 0.71), vegetarian protein sources (+1.2%, d = 0.57), pre-packed snacks (+1.7%, d = 0.58) and sugar-sweetened beverages (-4.1%, d = 0.58). At baseline, positive correlations were observed between father-child intakes for a number of dietary variables, and significant correlations were observed between father-child change scores for % energy carbohydrate (r = 0.35, P = 0.023), % energy from fruit (r = 0.47, P = 0.002), vegetarian protein sources (r = 0.46, P = 0.002) and frequency of consuming meals with vegetables (r = 0.38, P = 0.012). CONCLUSIONS The HDHK intervention successfully improved some aspects of father's dietary intakes compared to controls. The fathers' eating patterns also correlated with those of their children for several dietary variables. These novel data suggest that fathers can be targeted as agents of dietary change within obesity prevention and treatment programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Williams
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - N de Vlieger
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,School of Education, Faculty of Education and Arts, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - M Young
- School of Education, Faculty of Education and Arts, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - M E Jensen
- Priority Research Centre Grow Up Well, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - T L Burrows
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,School of Education, Faculty of Education and Arts, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - P J Morgan
- School of Education, Faculty of Education and Arts, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - C E Collins
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,School of Education, Faculty of Education and Arts, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
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103
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104
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Food parenting and child snacking: a systematic review. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2017; 14:146. [PMID: 29096640 PMCID: PMC5668962 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-017-0593-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background While the role of parenting in children’s eating behaviors has been studied extensively, less attention has been given to its potential association with children’s snacking habits. To address this gap, we conducted a systematic review to describe associations between food parenting and child snacking, or consuming energy dense foods/foods in between meals. Methods Six electronic databases were searched using standardized language to identify quantitative studies describing associations of general and feeding-specific parenting styles as well as food parenting practices with snacking behaviors of children aged 2–18 years. Eligible peer-reviewed journal articles published between 1980 and 2017 were included. Data were extracted using a standard protocol by three coders; all items were double coded to ensure consistency. Results Forty-seven studies met inclusion criteria. Few studies focused on general feeding (n = 3) or parenting styles (n = 10). Most studies focused on controlling food parenting practices (n = 39) that were not specific to snacking. Parental restriction of food was positively associated with child snack intake in 13/23 studies, while pressure to eat and monitoring yielded inconsistent results. Home availability of unhealthy foods was positively associated with snack intake in 10/11 studies. Findings related to positive parent behaviors (e.g. role modeling) were limited and yielded mixed results (n = 9). Snacking was often assessed using food frequency items and defined post-hoc based on nutritional characteristics (e.g. energy-dense, sugary foods, unhealthy, etc.). Timing was rarely included in the definition of a snack (i.e. chips eaten between meals vs. with lunch). Conclusions Restrictive feeding and home access to unhealthy foods were most consistently associated with snacking among young children. Research is needed to identify positive parenting behaviors around child snacking that may be used as targets for health promotion. Detailed definitions of snacking that address food type, context, and purpose are needed to advance findings within the field. We provide suggested standardized terminology for future research. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12966-017-0593-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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105
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Penilla C, Tschann JM, Sanchez-Vaznaugh EV, Flores E, Ozer EJ. Obstacles to preventing obesity in children aged 2 to 5 years: Latino mothers' and fathers' experiences and perceptions of their urban environments. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2017; 14:148. [PMID: 29096651 PMCID: PMC5667480 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-017-0605-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of obesity among Latino children is alarmingly high, when compared to non-Latino White children. Low-income Latino parents living in urban areas, even if they are well-educated, face obstacles that shape familial health behaviors. This study used qualitative methods to explore parents’ experiences in providing meals and opportunities to play to their children aged 2 to 5 years. In contrast to most prior studies, this study examined perceptions of familial behaviors among both mothers and fathers. Methods An ecological framework for exploring the associations of parental feeding behaviors and children’s weight informed this study. An interview guide was developed to explore parents’ experiences and perceptions about children’s eating and physical activity and administered to six focus groups in a community-based organization in the Mission District of San Francisco. Transcripts were coded and analyzed. Twenty seven mothers and 22 fathers of Latino children ages 2 to 5 participated. Results Mothers, fathers, and couples reported that employment, day care, neighborhood environments and community relationships were experienced, and perceived as obstacles to promoting health behavior among their children, including drinking water instead of soda and participating in organized playtime with other preschool-age children. Conclusions Results from this study suggest that the parents’ demographic, social and community characteristics influence what and how they feed their children, as well as how often and the types of opportunities they provide for physical activity, providing further evidence that an ecological framework is useful for guiding research with both mothers and fathers. Mothers and fathers identified numerous community and society-level constraints in their urban environments. The results point to the importance of standardized work hours, resources for day care providers, clean and safe streets and parks, strong community relationships, and reduced access to sugar-sweetened beverages in preventing the development of obesity in preschool-age Latino children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Penilla
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 50 University Hall, Berkeley, CA, 94720-7360, USA.
| | - Jeanne M Tschann
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, Box 0848, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0848, USA
| | - Emma V Sanchez-Vaznaugh
- Health Education Department, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Ave, San Francisco, CA, 94132, USA
| | - Elena Flores
- Department of Counseling, University of San Francisco, 2130 Fulton St., San Francisco, CA, 94118, USA
| | - Emily J Ozer
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 50 University Hall, Berkeley, CA, 94720-7360, USA
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106
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Vollmer RL, Mobley AR. Comparing Low-income Mothers' and Fathers' Concern for Young Children's Weight. J Pediatr Nurs 2017; 37:97-100. [PMID: 28800840 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2017.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objectives of this study were to compare the relationship of mother and father (1) perceived child weight and child body mass index (BMI) z-score, (2) concern for child's current weight and child BMI z-score, and (3) concern for child's future weight and child BMI z-score. DESIGN AND METHODS This cross-sectional study included low-income mothers (n=30) and fathers (n=30) with a young child (3 to 10years old) from the same household. Each parent completed select items from the Child Feeding Questionnaire (CFQ) with a trained interviewer. Child BMI z-score was calculated. RESULTS There was a significant, positive relationship between fathers' perceived child weight and child BMI z-score (p=0.006) and between fathers' concern for a child's future weight and child BMI z-score (p=0.001) but not among mothers. CONCLUSIONS Cohabitating low-income parents of young children may have conflicting appraisals of their child's BMI z-score and concerns for their child's future weight, and low-income fathers may be more accurate and concerned about their children's weight. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Based on findings from this study, healthcare providers including physicians and nurses should attempt to include fathers in discussions regarding their child's weight for obesity prevention, especially in low-income families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Vollmer
- Purdue University, Department of Nutrition Science, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
| | - Amy R Mobley
- Purdue University, Department of Nutrition Science, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
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107
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Wong MS, Jones-Smith JC, Colantuoni E, Thorpe RJ, Bleich SN, Chan KS. The Longitudinal Association Between Early Childhood Obesity and Fathers' Involvement in Caregiving and Decision-Making. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2017. [PMID: 28634995 PMCID: PMC5614806 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fathers have increased their involvement in child caregiving; however, their changing role in childhood obesity is understudied. This study assessed the longitudinal association between changes in obesity among children aged 2 to 4 years and changes in fathers' involvement with raising children. METHODS Longitudinal data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort were used to conduct child fixed-effects linear and logistic regression analyses to assess the association between changes in childhood obesity-related outcomes (sugar-sweetened beverage consumption, screen time, BMI z score, overweight/obesity, obesity) and fathers' involvement with raising children (caregiving and influencing child-related decisions). Fixed-effects models control for all time-invariant characteristics. Analyses were controlled for time-varying confounders, including child age, maternal and paternal employment, and family poverty status. RESULTS Children whose fathers increased their frequency of taking children outside and involvement with physical childcare experienced a decrease in their odds of obesity from age 2 to age 4. Obesity-related outcomes were not associated with fathers' decision-making influence. CONCLUSIONS Increases in fathers' involvement with some aspects of caregiving may be associated with lower odds of childhood obesity. Encouraging fathers to increase their involvement with raising children and including fathers in childhood obesity prevention efforts may help reduce obesity risk among young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle S Wong
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jessica C Jones-Smith
- Department of Health Services and Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Elizabeth Colantuoni
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Roland J Thorpe
- Department of Health and Human Behavior, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sara N Bleich
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kitty S Chan
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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108
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Morgan PJ, Young MD. Investigating Associations Between Positive Fathering and Children's Health: It's Time for Interventions. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2017; 25:1650-1651. [PMID: 28856825 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Morgan
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Education, Faculty of Education and Arts, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Myles D Young
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Education, Faculty of Education and Arts, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
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109
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Neshteruk CD, Nezami BT, Nino-Tapias G, Davison KK, Ward DS. The influence of fathers on children's physical activity: A review of the literature from 2009 to 2015. Prev Med 2017; 102:12-19. [PMID: 28652085 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Parents are influential in promoting children's physical activity. Yet, most research has focused on how mothers influence children's activity, while little empirical attention has been devoted to understanding how fathers may influence children's activity. The purpose of this review was to summarize observational studies from 2009 to 2015 examining the influence of fathers on children's physical activity. A publicly available database, from a prior systematic review, containing information on 667 studies of parenting and childhood obesity from 2009 to 2015 was searched for potential studies. Studies were eligible if: 1) fathers were included as participants, 2) results were presented for fathers separate from mothers, 3) fathers' physical activity or physical activity parenting was assessed, and 4) child physical activity was measured. Ten studies met eligibility criteria. All studies were rated as fair quality. The majority of studies (n=8) assessed the relationship between father and child physical activity. Of 27 associations tested, 14 (52%) were significant, indicating a modest, positive relationship between father and child activity. Of the studies examining fathers' physical activity parenting (n=3), there were three significant associations out of 15 tested (20%) and no consistency among measured constructs. No differences were observed in the influence of mothers vs. fathers on children's physical activity. Limited evidence was available to examine moderating effects of child sex or age. Few studies have examined the effect of fathers on child physical activity and this relationship remains unclear. Future studies should target fathers for research and investigate specific pathways through which fathers can influence child activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody D Neshteruk
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.
| | - Brooke T Nezami
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Gianna Nino-Tapias
- Center for Comparative Studies in Race & Ethnicity, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Kirsten K Davison
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Dianne S Ward
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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110
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Morgan PJ, Young MD. The Influence of Fathers on Children's Physical Activity and Dietary Behaviors: Insights, Recommendations and Future Directions. Curr Obes Rep 2017; 6:324-333. [PMID: 28762103 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-017-0275-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Although fathers have an important influence on their children's well-being, their unique influence on child lifestyle behaviors has been largely overlooked in the literature. To inform and encourage future research, this paper provides an overview of existing studies that have examined the influence of fathers on the physical activity and dietary behaviors of their children. RECENT FINDINGS While the available data indicate that fathers' behaviors and parenting practices likely play an important role in promoting healthy behaviors in children, the evidence base is limited by a reliance on observational designs and small, ungeneralizable samples. This paper also provides a summary of the methods, research findings, and experiential insights we have gained while conducting the "Healthy Dads, Healthy Kids" randomized controlled trials, which tested the efficacy and effectiveness of a socio-culturally targeted program that engages fathers to improve their own health and the health of their children. The paper concludes with a series of recommendations for recruiting and engaging fathers and a summary of directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Morgan
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
- Faculty of Education and Arts, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.
| | - Myles D Young
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Faculty of Education and Arts, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
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111
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Ash T, Agaronov A, Young T, Aftosmes-Tobio A, Davison KK. Family-based childhood obesity prevention interventions: a systematic review and quantitative content analysis. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2017; 14:113. [PMID: 28836983 PMCID: PMC5571569 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-017-0571-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A wide range of interventions has been implemented and tested to prevent obesity in children. Given parents' influence and control over children's energy-balance behaviors, including diet, physical activity, media use, and sleep, family interventions are a key strategy in this effort. The objective of this study was to profile the field of recent family-based childhood obesity prevention interventions by employing systematic review and quantitative content analysis methods to identify gaps in the knowledge base. METHODS Using a comprehensive search strategy, we searched the PubMed, PsycIFO, and CINAHL databases to identify eligible interventions aimed at preventing childhood obesity with an active family component published between 2008 and 2015. Characteristics of study design, behavioral domains targeted, and sample demographics were extracted from eligible articles using a comprehensive codebook. RESULTS More than 90% of the 119 eligible interventions were based in the United States, Europe, or Australia. Most interventions targeted children 2-5 years of age (43%) or 6-10 years of age (35%), with few studies targeting the prenatal period (8%) or children 14-17 years of age (7%). The home (28%), primary health care (27%), and community (33%) were the most common intervention settings. Diet (90%) and physical activity (82%) were more frequently targeted in interventions than media use (55%) and sleep (20%). Only 16% of interventions targeted all four behavioral domains. In addition to studies in developing countries, racial minorities and non-traditional families were also underrepresented. Hispanic/Latino and families of low socioeconomic status were highly represented. CONCLUSIONS The limited number of interventions targeting diverse populations and obesity risk behaviors beyond diet and physical activity inhibit the development of comprehensive, tailored interventions. To ensure a broad evidence base, more interventions implemented in developing countries and targeting racial minorities, children at both ends of the age spectrum, and media and sleep behaviors would be beneficial. This study can help inform future decision-making around the design and funding of family-based interventions to prevent childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayla Ash
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, SPH-2 655 Huntington Avenue, Boston, 02115 USA
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Nutrition, Kresge Building 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, 02115 USA
| | - Alen Agaronov
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, SPH-2 655 Huntington Avenue, Boston, 02115 USA
| | - Ta’Loria Young
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, University of Texas at Austin, 110 Inner Campus Drive, Austin, 78705 USA
| | - Alyssa Aftosmes-Tobio
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Nutrition, Kresge Building 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, 02115 USA
| | - Kirsten K. Davison
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, SPH-2 655 Huntington Avenue, Boston, 02115 USA
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Nutrition, Kresge Building 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, 02115 USA
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112
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Noonan RJ, Fairclough SJ, Knowles ZR, Boddy LM. One Size Does Not Fit All: Contextualising Family Physical Activity Using a Write, Draw, Show and Tell Approach. CHILDREN-BASEL 2017; 4:children4070059. [PMID: 28708114 PMCID: PMC5532551 DOI: 10.3390/children4070059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Understanding family physical activity (PA) behaviour is essential for designing effective family-based PA interventions. However, effective approaches to capture the perceptions and "lived experiences" of families are not yet well established. The aims of the study were to: (1) demonstrate how a "write, draw, show and tell" (WDST) methodological approach can be appropriate to family-based PA research, and (2) present two distinct family case studies to provide insights into the habitual PA behaviour and experiences of a nuclear and single-parent family. Six participants (including two "target" children aged 9-11 years, two mothers and two siblings aged 6-8 years) from two families were purposefully selected to take part in the study, based on their family structure. Participants completed a paper-based PA diary and wore an ActiGraph GT9X accelerometer on their left wrist for up to 10 weekdays and 16 weekend days. A range of WDST tasks were then undertaken by each family to offer contextual insight into their family-based PA. The selected families participated in different levels and modes of PA, and reported contrasting leisure opportunities and experiences. These novel findings encourage researchers to tailor family-based PA intervention programmes to the characteristics of the family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Noonan
- Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk L39 4QP, UK.
- Physical Activity Exchange, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 2AB, UK.
| | - Stuart J Fairclough
- Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk L39 4QP, UK.
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland.
| | - Zoe R Knowles
- Physical Activity Exchange, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 2AB, UK.
| | - Lynne M Boddy
- Physical Activity Exchange, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 2AB, UK.
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113
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Adetunji MC, Atanda OO, Ezekiel CN. Risk Assessment of Mycotoxins in Stored Maize Grains Consumed by Infants and Young Children in Nigeria. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 4:E58. [PMID: 28698507 PMCID: PMC5532550 DOI: 10.3390/children4070058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Maize is a major complimentary food for infants (0-4years) and young children (5-12years) in Nigeria. In this study, we assessed the risk of exposure of infants and young children (IYC) to some major mycotoxins in stored maize grains from five agro-ecological zones of Nigeria. The probable daily intake approach was employed to determine exposure to five mycotoxins while the margin of exposure (MOE) and population at risk of primary hepatocellular carcinoma approaches were used to characterize the risk of consuming aflatoxin contaminated maize. Infants and young children in the Derived Savannah zone are more exposed to aflatoxins, ochratoxins, and zearalenone while those in the Northern Guinea Savanna zone are mainly exposed to deoxynivalenol and fumonisins. The mean national MOE for infants and children were 0.12 and 0.3 respectively while the risk of developing primary liver cancer was estimated at 152.7 and 61.1 cancer/year/100,000 population of infants and children, respectively. Infants and young children consuming mycotoxin contaminated maize in Nigeria are therefore vulnerable to the adverse health effects. Mycotoxin contamination of maize is still a challenge in Nigeria; mitigation efforts should target the value chain and stricter tolerable limits should be enforced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Modupeade C Adetunji
- Department of Biological Sciences, McPherson University, Seriki Sotayo, 110117, Ogun State, Nigeria.
| | - Olusegun O Atanda
- Department of Biological Sciences, McPherson University, Seriki Sotayo, 110117, Ogun State, Nigeria.
| | - Chibundu N Ezekiel
- Department of Microbiology, Babcock University, Ilishan Remo, 121103, Ogun State, Nigeria.
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114
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Young MD, Morgan PJ. Paternal Physical Activity: An Important Target to Improve the Health of Fathers and their Children. Am J Lifestyle Med 2017; 11:212-215. [PMID: 30202332 PMCID: PMC6125078 DOI: 10.1177/1559827616689544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the transition to fatherhood is joyful and fulfilling for many men, becoming a father also exposes men to a series of new challenges and responsibilities that can negatively affect their well-being. As such, effective strategies that foster positive physical and mental health in fathers are required. Given the established links between regular physical activity and optimal health, strategies to reduce the substantial decline in physical activity typically observed during the early fatherhood may be particularly fruitful. In this commentary, we discuss the potential mediating role of physical activity on a series of important outcomes for fathers, including paternal and child health and the quality of the father-child relationship. We also present an argument that high-quality research studies testing physical activity interventions that meaningfully engage fathers are urgently required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myles D. Young
- Myles D. Young, PhD, Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, University Drive, New South Wales 2308, Australia; e-mail:
| | - Philip J. Morgan
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition (MDY, PJM), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Education, Faculty of Education and Arts (MDY, PJM), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
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115
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May C, Chai LK, Burrows T. Parent, partner, co-parent or partnership? The need for clarity as family systems thinking takes hold in the quest to motivate behavioural change. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 4:E29. [PMID: 28430137 PMCID: PMC5406688 DOI: 10.3390/children4040029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Research is increasingly pointing to the importance of extending the focus of childhood obesity intervention to include fathers, fathering figures, and other members of a child's primary parenting network. Advances in communication technology are now making it possible to achieve this aim, within current resources, using modalities such text messaging, web-based resources and apps that extend intervention to parents not in attendance at face to face interactions. However, published research is often unclear as to which parent/s they targeted or engaged with, whether interventions planned to influence behaviours and capabilities across family systems, and how this can be achieved. As childhood obesity research employing information technology to engage with family systems takes hold it is becoming important for researchers clearly describe who they engage with, what they hope to achieve with them, and the pathways of influence that they aim to activate. This paper integrates extant knowledge on family systems thinking, parenting efficacy, co-parenting, and family intervention with the way parents are represented and reported in childhood obesity research. The paper concludes with recommendations on terminology that can be used to describe parents and parenting figures in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris May
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle 2308, Australia.
| | - Li Kheng Chai
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle 2308, Australia.
| | - Tracy Burrows
- Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia.
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