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Fu J, Yi Z, Cai M, Yuan W, Zhang W, Lee K, He JC. Global transcriptomic changes in glomerular endothelial cells in mice with podocyte depletion and glomerulosclerosis. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:687. [PMID: 34244474 PMCID: PMC8270962 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03951-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Podocytes are a key component of the glomerular filtration barrier, and its dysfunction and eventual loss drive glomerular disease progression. Recent research has demonstrated the importance of podocyte cross-talk with other glomerular cells, such as glomerular endothelial cells (GECs), in both glomerular homeostasis and in disease settings. However, how GECs are affected globally by podocyte injury and loss in disease settings remains unclear. Therefore, to characterize the molecular changes occurring in GECs in response to the podocyte loss, we performed the transcriptomic profiling of isolated GECs after diphtheria toxin (DT)-mediated podocyte depletion in transgenic mice with podocyte-specific human DT receptor and endothelial-specific enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (EYFP) expression. DT administration led to nearly 40% of podocyte loss with the development of glomerulosclerosis. Differential gene expression analysis of isolated GECs in the diseased mice showed significant changes in pathways related to cell adhesion and actin cytoskeleton, proliferation, and angiogenesis, as well as apoptosis and cell death. However, quantification of EYFP + GECs indicated that there was a reduction in GECs in the diseased mice, suggesting that despite the ongoing proliferation, the concomitant injury and the activation of cell death program results in their overall net loss. The upstream regulator analysis strongly indicated the involvement of p53, TGF-β1, and TNF-α as key mediators of the molecular changes occurring in GECs in the diseased mice. Our findings demonstrate significant molecular changes in GECs as a secondary consequence of podocyte loss and provide a valuable resource for further in-depth analysis of potential glomerular cross-talk mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Fu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Zhengzi Yi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Minchao Cai
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weijie Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weijia Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kyung Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - John Cijiang He
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Renal Program, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center at Bronx, New York, NY, USA.
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102
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Shi S, Xing F, Lin W. Informatics Analysis of Health Indicators and Pathological Manifestations of Foot-Process in Patients with Primary IgA Nephropathy. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL IMAGING AND HEALTH INFORMATICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1166/jmihi.2021.3557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective: This paper focuses on the foot-process in renal biopsies of patients with lgA, and examines their correlation with baseline clinical indicators and pathological manifestations in patients with lgA. Method: A retrospective data of patients who performed renal
biopsy proven IgA nephropathy was selected. The patients who reached the agreed standard were grouped based on the degree of foot-process. There were three groups (ABC Groups) (Du, Y. and Huang, C, 2009. The value of proteinuria and foot process fusion in the onset of prognosis of acute kidney
disease. Chinese Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, 10(1), pp.44-45): group A for patients with no obvious foot-process lesion; group B for patients with segmental foot-process; group C for patients with massive foot-process. The three groups were reviewed in the
aspects of baseline clinical indicators and Oxford classification, so as to discover foot-process’ effect on patients with IgA nephropathy. Results: A total of 129 patients with IgA nephropathy were included in the study. Concerning about the clinical baseline indicators related
to the degree of foot-process, the 24-hour proteinuria level at admission was statistically significant and positively correlated (r = 0.324, P = 0.000). The comparison between groups showed there was statistically significant difference between group C and group A and group
B (P = 0.001, P = 0.035). According to the Oxford Classification, only the differences of mesangial hypercellularity (M) and segmental sclerosis/adhesion (S) were statistically significant (r = 0.239, P = 0.006; r = 0.257, P = 0.003) and were positively
correlated. In terms of mesangial hypercellularity (M), the differences between group A and B, group A and C were statistically significant (P = 0.01, P = 0.003). The comparison between group B and group C showed statistical difference (P = −0.031) in segmental sclerosis/adhesion
(S). Among the 76 patients with S0 revealed by the Oxford classification, there were 55 patients of glomerulosclerosis, which was positively correlated with the degree of foot process (r = 0.211, P = 0.016). The comparison between group A and group C showed statistical difference
(P = 0.014). Conclusion: The severity foot-process was positively correlated with the level of proteinuria. Foot-process is positively related with mesangial hypercellularity, segmental sclerosis and glomerulosclerosis. With more severe the foot-process, there will be more serious
mesangial hypercellularity and irreversible glomerular injury. Foot-process is positively correlated with Lee’s Pathological Grading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanhong Shi
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, China
| | - Fang Xing
- Medical Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, China
| | - Weiyuan Lin
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, China
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103
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Corrêa JWN, Boaro KR, Sene LB, Polidoro JZ, Salles TA, Martins FL, Bendhack LM, Girardi ACC. Antiproteinuric and Hyperkalemic Mechanisms Activated by Dual Versus Single Blockade of the RAS in Renovascular Hypertensive Rats. Front Physiol 2021; 12:656460. [PMID: 34177612 PMCID: PMC8221266 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.656460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the antiproteinuric and hyperkalemic mechanisms activated by dual renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockade in renovascular hypertensive rats (2-kidney 1-clip model [2K-1C]). Six weeks after clipping the left renal artery or sham operation (2K), rats were treated with losartan, enalapril, or both drugs for two weeks. We found that 2K-1C rats displayed higher tail-cuff blood pressure (BP), increased non-clipped kidney Ang II concentration, and more pronounced urinary albumin excretion than 2K. BP was decreased by the treatment with either enalapril or losartan, and the combination of both drugs promoted an additional antihypertensive effect in 2K-1C rats. Renal Ang II content and albuminuria were reduced by either enalapril or losartan in monotherapy and restored to control levels by dual RAS blockade. Albuminuria in 2K-1C rats was accompanied by downregulation of the glomerular slit protein podocin, reduction of the endocytic receptors megalin and cubilin, and a marked decrease in the expression of the ClC-5 chloride channel, compared to 2K animals. Treatment with losartan and enalapril in monotherapy or combination increased the expression of podocin, cubilin, and ClC-5. However, only the combined therapy normalized podocin, cubilin, and ClC-5 protein abundance in the non-clipped kidney of 2K-1C rats. Renovascular hypertensive 2K-1C rats had a lower concentration of plasma potassium compared to 2K rats. Single RAS blockade normalized potassium plasma concentration, whereas 2K-1C rats treated with dual RAS blockade exhibited hyperkalemia. Hypokalemia in 2K-1C rats was accompanied by an increase in the cleaved activated forms of α-ENaC and γ-ENaC and the expression of β-ENaC. Combined RAS blockade but not monotherapy significantly reduced the expression of these ENaC subunits in 2K-1C rats. Indeed, double RAS blockade reduced the abundance of cleaved-α-ENaC to levels lower than those of 2K rats. Collectively, these results demonstrate that the antiproteinuric effect of dual RAS blockade in 2K-1C rats is associated with the restored abundance of podocin and cubilin, and ClC-5. Moreover, double RAS blockade-induced hyperkalemia may be due, at least partially, to an exaggerated downregulation of cleaved α-ENaC in the non-clipped kidney of renovascular hypertensive rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Wilson N Corrêa
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute (InCor) University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Karoline R Boaro
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute (InCor) University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Letícia B Sene
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute (InCor) University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliano Z Polidoro
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute (InCor) University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thiago A Salles
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute (InCor) University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flavia L Martins
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute (InCor) University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lusiane M Bendhack
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Adriana C C Girardi
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute (InCor) University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
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104
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Cao A, Li J, Asadi M, Basgen JM, Zhu B, Yi Z, Jiang S, Doke T, El Shamy O, Patel N, Cravedi P, Azeloglu EU, Campbell KN, Menon M, Coca S, Zhang W, Wang H, Zen K, Liu Z, Murphy B, He JC, D’Agati VD, Susztak K, Kaufman L. DACH1 protects podocytes from experimental diabetic injury and modulates PTIP-H3K4Me3 activity. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:141279. [PMID: 33998601 PMCID: PMC8121508 DOI: 10.1172/jci141279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Dachshund homolog 1 (DACH1), a key cell-fate determinant, regulates transcription by DNA sequence-specific binding. We identified diminished Dach1 expression in a large-scale screen for mutations that convert injury-resistant podocytes into injury-susceptible podocytes. In diabetic kidney disease (DKD) patients, podocyte DACH1 expression levels are diminished, a condition that strongly correlates with poor clinical outcomes. Global Dach1 KO mice manifest renal hypoplasia and die perinatally. Podocyte-specific Dach1 KO mice, however, maintain normal glomerular architecture at baseline, but rapidly exhibit podocyte injury after diabetes onset. Furthermore, podocyte-specific augmentation of DACH1 expression in mice protects from DKD. Combined RNA sequencing and in silico promoter analysis reveal conversely overlapping glomerular transcriptomic signatures between podocyte-specific Dach1 and Pax transactivation-domain interacting protein (Ptip) KO mice, with upregulated genes possessing higher-than-expected numbers of promoter Dach1-binding sites. PTIP, an essential component of the activating histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4Me3) complex, interacts with DACH1 and is recruited by DACH1 to its promoter-binding sites. DACH1-PTIP recruitment represses transcription and reduces promoter H3K4Me3 levels. DACH1 knockdown in podocytes combined with hyperglycemia triggers target gene upregulation and increases promoter H3K4Me3. These findings reveal that in DKD, diminished DACH1 expression enhances podocyte injury vulnerability via epigenetic derepression of its target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aili Cao
- Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Nephrology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhua Li
- Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Morad Asadi
- Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - John M. Basgen
- Life Science Institute, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Bingbing Zhu
- Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Nephrology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengzi Yi
- Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Song Jiang
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tomohito Doke
- Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Osama El Shamy
- Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Niralee Patel
- Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Paolo Cravedi
- Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Evren U. Azeloglu
- Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kirk N. Campbell
- Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Madhav Menon
- Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Steve Coca
- Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Weijia Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Zen
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhihong Liu
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Barbara Murphy
- Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - John C. He
- Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Vivette D. D’Agati
- Department of Pathology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Katalin Susztak
- Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lewis Kaufman
- Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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105
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Woodhams L, Sim TF, Chalmers L, Yeap B, Green D, Schlaich M, Schultz C, Hillis G. Diabetic kidney disease in type 2 diabetes: a review of pathogenic mechanisms, patient-related factors and therapeutic options. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11070. [PMID: 33976959 PMCID: PMC8061574 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The global prevalence of diabetic kidney disease is rapidly accelerating due to an increasing number of people living with type 2 diabetes. It has become a significant global problem, increasing human and financial pressures on already overburdened healthcare systems. Interest in diabetic kidney disease has increased over the last decade and progress has been made in determining the pathogenic mechanisms and patient-related factors involved in the development and pathogenesis of this disease. A greater understanding of these factors will catalyse the development of novel treatments and influence current practice. This review summarises the latest evidence for the factors involved in the development and progression of diabetic kidney disease, which will inform better management strategies targeting such factors to improve therapeutic outcomes in patients living with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Woodhams
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Tin Fei Sim
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Leanne Chalmers
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Bu Yeap
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Daniel Green
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Sciences), The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Markus Schlaich
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Neurovascular Hypertension and Kidney Disease Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital Unit/Medical Research Foundation, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Carl Schultz
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Graham Hillis
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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106
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Bhargava R, Lehoux S, Maeda K, Tsokos MG, Krishfield S, Ellezian L, Pollak M, Stillman IE, Cummings RD, Tsokos GC. Aberrantly glycosylated IgG elicits pathogenic signaling in podocytes and signifies lupus nephritis. JCI Insight 2021; 6:147789. [PMID: 33784256 PMCID: PMC8262331 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.147789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Lupus nephritis (LN) is a serious complication occurring in 50% of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) for which there is a lack of biomarkers, a lack of specific medications, and a lack of a clear understanding of its pathogenesis. The expression of calcium/calmodulin kinase IV (CaMK4) is increased in podocytes of patients with LN and lupus-prone mice, and its podocyte-targeted inhibition averts the development of nephritis in mice. Nephrin is a key podocyte molecule essential for the maintenance of the glomerular slit diaphragm. Here, we show that the presence of fucose on N-glycans of IgG induces, whereas the presence of galactose ameliorates, podocyte injury through CaMK4 expression. Mechanistically, CaMK4 phosphorylates NF-κB, upregulates the transcriptional repressor SNAIL, and limits the expression of nephrin. In addition, we demonstrate that increased expression of CaMK4 in biopsy specimens and in urine podocytes from people with LN is linked to active kidney disease. Our data shed light on the role of IgG glycosylation in the development of podocyte injury and propose the development of “liquid kidney biopsy” approaches to diagnose LN.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sylvain Lehoux
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Glycomics Core, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Isaac E Stillman
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Glycomics Core, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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107
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Haruhara K, Sasaki T, de Zoysa N, Okabayashi Y, Kanzaki G, Yamamoto I, Harper IS, Puelles VG, Shimizu A, Cullen-McEwen LA, Tsuboi N, Yokoo T, Bertram JF. Podometrics in Japanese Living Donor Kidneys: Associations with Nephron Number, Age, and Hypertension. J Am Soc Nephrol 2021; 32:1187-1199. [PMID: 33627345 PMCID: PMC8259686 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2020101486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Podocyte depletion, low nephron number, aging, and hypertension are associated with glomerulosclerosis and CKD. However, the relationship between podometrics and nephron number has not previously been examined. METHODS To investigate podometrics and nephron number in healthy Japanese individuals, a population characterized by a relatively low nephron number, we immunostained single paraffin sections from 30 Japanese living-kidney donors (median age, 57 years) with podocyte-specific markers and analyzed images obtained with confocal microscopy. We used model-based stereology to estimate podometrics, and a combined enhanced-computed tomography/biopsy-specimen stereology method to estimate nephron number. RESULTS The median number of nonsclerotic nephrons per kidney was 659,000 (interquartile range [IQR], 564,000-825,000). The median podocyte number and podocyte density were 518 (IQR, 428-601) per tuft and 219 (IQR, 180-253) per 106μm3, respectively; these values are similar to those previously reported for other races. Total podocyte number per kidney (obtained by multiplying the individual number of nonsclerotic glomeruli by podocyte number per glomerulus) was 376 million (IQR, 259-449 million) and ranged 7.4-fold between donors. On average, these healthy kidneys lost 5.63 million podocytes per kidney per year, with most of this loss associated with glomerular loss resulting from global glomerulosclerosis, rather than podocyte loss from healthy glomeruli. Hypertension was associated with lower podocyte density and larger podocyte volume, independent of age. CONCLUSIONS Estimation of the number of nephrons, podocytes, and other podometric parameters in individual kidneys provides new insights into the relationships between these parameters, age, and hypertension in the kidney. This approach might be of considerable value in evaluating the kidney in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Haruhara
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia,Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takaya Sasaki
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Natasha de Zoysa
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yusuke Okabayashi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Go Kanzaki
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Izumi Yamamoto
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ian S. Harper
- Monash Micro Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Victor G. Puelles
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia,III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Akira Shimizu
- Department of Analytic Human Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Luise A. Cullen-McEwen
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nobuo Tsuboi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Yokoo
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - John F. Bertram
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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108
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Immune-mediated entities of (primary) focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 385:423-434. [PMID: 33907872 PMCID: PMC8523460 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-021-03454-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) represents a glomerular scar formation downstream of various different mechanisms leading to podocytopathy and podocyte loss. Recently, significant advances were made in understanding genetic factors, podocyte intrinsic mechanisms, and adaptive mechanisms causing FSGS. However, while most cases of nephrotic FSGS are being treated with immunosuppressants, the underlying immune dysregulation, involved immune cells, and soluble factors are only incompletely understood. Thus, we here summarize the current knowledge of proposed immune effector cells, secreted soluble factors, and podocyte response in immune-mediated (primary) FSGS.
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109
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Benzing
- From Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, and University Hospital Cologne, and the Excellence Cluster CECAD, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (T.B.); and the Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston (D.S.)
| | - David Salant
- From Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, and University Hospital Cologne, and the Excellence Cluster CECAD, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (T.B.); and the Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston (D.S.)
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110
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Gu X, Zhang S, Zhang T. Abnormal Crosstalk between Endothelial Cells and Podocytes Mediates Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (TKI)-Induced Nephrotoxicity. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040869. [PMID: 33921219 PMCID: PMC8070074 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and its receptor VEGFR2 are the main targets of antiangiogenic therapies, and proteinuria is one of the common adverse events associated with the inhibition of the VEGFA/VEGFR2 pathway. The proteinuric kidney damage induced by VEGFR2 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) is characterized by podocyte foot process effacement. TKI therapy promotes the formation of abnormal endothelial‒podocyte crosstalk, which plays a key role in TKI-induced podocyte injury and proteinuric nephropathy. This review article summarizes the underlying mechanism by which the abnormal endothelial‒podocyte crosstalk mediates podocyte injury and discusses the possible molecules and signal pathways involved in abnormal endothelial‒podocyte crosstalk. What is more, we highlight the molecules involved in podocyte injury and determine the essential roles of Rac1 and Cdc42; this provides evidence for exploring the abnormal endothelial‒podocyte crosstalk in TKI-induced nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ti Zhang
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-21-6417-5590
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111
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Zimmermann M, Klaus M, Wong MN, Thebille AK, Gernhold L, Kuppe C, Halder M, Kranz J, Wanner N, Braun F, Wulf S, Wiech T, Panzer U, Krebs CF, Hoxha E, Kramann R, Huber TB, Bonn S, Puelles VG. Deep learning-based molecular morphometrics for kidney biopsies. JCI Insight 2021; 6:144779. [PMID: 33705360 PMCID: PMC8119189 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.144779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Morphologic examination of tissue biopsies is essential for histopathological diagnosis. However, accurate and scalable cellular quantification in human samples remains challenging. Here, we present a deep learning-based approach for antigen-specific cellular morphometrics in human kidney biopsies, which combines indirect immunofluorescence imaging with U-Net-based architectures for image-to-image translation and dual segmentation tasks, achieving human-level accuracy. In the kidney, podocyte loss represents a hallmark of glomerular injury and can be estimated in diagnostic biopsies. Thus, we profiled over 27,000 podocytes from 110 human samples, including patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated glomerulonephritis (ANCA-GN), an immune-mediated disease with aggressive glomerular damage and irreversible loss of kidney function. We identified previously unknown morphometric signatures of podocyte depletion in patients with ANCA-GN, which allowed patient classification and, in combination with routine clinical tools, showed potential for risk stratification. Our approach enables robust and scalable molecular morphometric analysis of human tissues, yielding deeper biological insights into the human kidney pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Zimmermann
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Center for Biomedical AI (bAIome), Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Klaus
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Center for Biomedical AI (bAIome), Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Milagros N Wong
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ann-Katrin Thebille
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Center for Biomedical AI (bAIome), Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Gernhold
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Kuppe
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology and.,Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Maurice Halder
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology and.,Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jennifer Kranz
- St.-Antonius Hospital Eschweiler, Department of Urology, Eschweiler, Germany.,Department of Urology and Kidney Transplantation, Martin-Luther-University, Halle, Germany
| | - Nicola Wanner
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Braun
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sonia Wulf
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Wiech
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ulf Panzer
- III. Department of Medicine, Division of Translational Immunology, and.,Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian F Krebs
- III. Department of Medicine, Division of Translational Immunology, and.,Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Elion Hoxha
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rafael Kramann
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology and.,Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tobias B Huber
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Bonn
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Center for Biomedical AI (bAIome), Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Victor G Puelles
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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112
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Pereira BMV, Katakia YT, Majumder S, Thieme K. Unraveling the epigenetic landscape of glomerular cells in kidney disease. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 99:785-803. [PMID: 33763722 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02066-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health concern and its prevalence and incidence are rising quickly. It is a non-communicable disease primarily caused by diabetes and/or hypertension and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Despite decades of research efforts, the pathogenesis of CKD remains a puzzle with missing pieces. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms that govern the loss of kidney function is crucial. Abrupt regulation of gene expression in kidney cells is apparent in CKD and shown to be responsible for disease onset and progression. Gene expression regulation extends beyond DNA sequence and involves epigenetic mechanisms including changes in DNA methylation and post-translational modifications of histones, driven by the activity of specific enzymes. Recent advances demonstrate the essential participation of epigenetics in kidney (patho)physiology, as its actions regulate both the integrity of cells but also triggers deleterious signaling pathways. Here, we review the known epigenetic processes regulating the complex filtration unit of the kidney, the glomeruli. The review will elaborate on novel insights into how epigenetics contributes to cell injury in the CKD setting majorly focusing on kidney glomerular cells: the glomerular endothelial cells, the mesangial cells, and the specialized and terminally differentiated podocyte cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Maria Veloso Pereira
- Laboratório de Bases Celulares e Moleculares da Fisiologia Renal, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Yash T Katakia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Syamantak Majumder
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Karina Thieme
- Laboratório de Bases Celulares e Moleculares da Fisiologia Renal, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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113
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Saud A, Luiz RS, Leite APO, Muller CR, Visona I, Reinecke N, Silva WH, Gloria MA, Razvickas CV, Casarini DE, Schor N. Resistance exercise training ameliorates chronic kidney disease outcomes in a 5/6 nephrectomy model. Life Sci 2021; 275:119362. [PMID: 33741414 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined by decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) or increased albumin excretion leading to renal injury. However, exercise training is an important non-pharmacological intervention that ameliorates and protects against Diabetes Mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and CKD. AIM Our aim was to evaluate the capability of resistance exercise training (RET) to improve CKD outcomes and the contribution of the renal and muscular Akt/mTOR signaling pathway for RET beneficial effects on a CKD model. MAIN METHODS Male Wistar rats were subjected to RET, followed for 10 weeks, and randomly divided into 5 groups: Sham: Sham-operated; sedentary and nephrectomy (5/6Nx) (SNS); exercising post-5/6Nx (SNE); exercising pre-5/6Nx (ENS); exercising pre- and post-5/6Nx (ENE). The systolic blood pressure (BP) was measured. Creatinine, proteinuria, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were evaluated. After euthanasia Renal and muscular Akt/mTOR signaling pathways were analyzed. KEY FINDING Our study showed that the SNS presented renal injury, hypertension, weight and muscular mass loss and a higher mortality rate. SNS group also decreased renal IL-10 and increased TNF-alfa and TGF-Beta. Renal AKT, mTOR, and rpS6 pathway were increased, PTEN was decreased on SNS. And muscular Akt and mTOR were decreased on SNS. SIGNIFICANCE The RET before and after the 5/6Nx ameliorates all these parameters mentioned above, suggesting that RET is a good non-pharmacological approach to diminish complications frequently found in CKD. We also suggest that the AKT-m-TOR pathway can play an important role in these beneficial outcomes of RET on the CKD animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Saud
- Departamento de Medicina, Disciplina de Nefrologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - R S Luiz
- Departamento de Medicina, Disciplina de Nefrologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - A P O Leite
- Departamento de Medicina, Disciplina de Nefrologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Tulane University, Department of Physiology & Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - C R Muller
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - I Visona
- Departamento de Patologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - N Reinecke
- Departamento de Medicina, Disciplina de Nefrologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - W H Silva
- Departamento de Medicina, Disciplina de Nefrologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - M A Gloria
- Departamento de Medicina, Disciplina de Nefrologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - C V Razvickas
- Departamento de Medicina, Disciplina de Nefrologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - D E Casarini
- Departamento de Medicina, Disciplina de Nefrologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - N Schor
- Departamento de Medicina, Disciplina de Nefrologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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114
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Okabe M, Yamamoto K, Miyazaki Y, Motojima M, Ohtsuka M, Pastan I, Yokoo T, Matsusaka T. Indirect podocyte injury manifested in a partial podocytectomy mouse model. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2021; 320:F922-F933. [PMID: 33719575 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00602.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In progressive glomerular diseases, segmental podocyte injury often expands, leading to global glomerulosclerosis by unclear mechanisms. To study the expansion of podocyte injury, we established a new mosaic mouse model in which a fraction of podocytes express human (h)CD25 and can be injured by the immunotoxin LMB2. hCD25+ and hCD25- podocytes were designed to express tdTomato and enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP), respectively, which enabled cell sorting analysis of podocytes. After the injection of LMB2, mosaic mice developed proteinuria and glomerulosclerosis. Not only tdTomato+ podocytes but also EGFP+ podocytes were decreased in number and showed damage, as evidenced by a decrease in nephrin and an increase in desmin at both protein and RNA levels. Transcriptomics analysis found a decrease in the glucocorticoid-induced transcript 1 gene and an increase in the thrombospondin 4, heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor, and transforming growth factor-β genes in EGFP+ podocytes; these genes may be candidate mediators of secondary podocyte damage. Pathway analysis suggested that focal adhesion, integrin-mediated cell adhesion, and focal adhesion-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt-mammalian target of rapamycin signaling are involved in secondary podocyte injury. Finally, treatment of mosaic mice with angiotensin II receptor blocker markedly ameliorated secondary podocyte injury. This mosaic podocyte injury model has distinctly demonstrated that damaged podocytes cause secondary podocyte damage, which may be a promising therapeutic target in progressive kidney diseases.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This novel mosaic model has demonstrated that when a fraction of podocytes is injured, other podocytes are subjected to secondary injury. This spreading of injury may occur ubiquitously irrespective of the primary cause of podocyte injury, leading to end-stage renal failure. Understanding the molecular mechanism of secondary podocyte injury and its prevention is important for the treatment of progressive kidney diseases. This model will be a powerful tool for studying the indirect podocyte injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Okabe
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Basic Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Yamamoto
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Basic Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Yoichi Miyazaki
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaru Motojima
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Masato Ohtsuka
- Department of Basic Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan.,Institute of Medical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Ira Pastan
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Takashi Yokoo
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taiji Matsusaka
- Department of Basic Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan.,Institute of Medical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
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115
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Angeletti A, Cantarelli C, Petrosyan A, Andrighetto S, Budge K, D'Agati VD, Hartzell S, Malvi D, Donadei C, Thurman JM, Galešić-Ljubanović D, He JC, Xiao W, Campbell KN, Wong J, Fischman C, Manrique J, Zaza G, Fiaccadori E, La Manna G, Fribourg M, Leventhal J, Da Sacco S, Perin L, Heeger PS, Cravedi P. Loss of decay-accelerating factor triggers podocyte injury and glomerulosclerosis. J Exp Med 2021; 217:151976. [PMID: 32717081 PMCID: PMC7478737 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20191699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney glomerulosclerosis commonly progresses to end-stage kidney failure, but pathogenic mechanisms are still poorly understood. Here, we show that podocyte expression of decay-accelerating factor (DAF/CD55), a complement C3 convertase regulator, crucially controls disease in murine models of adriamycin (ADR)-induced focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic glomerulosclerosis. ADR induces enzymatic cleavage of DAF from podocyte surfaces, leading to complement activation. C3 deficiency or prevention of C3a receptor (C3aR) signaling abrogates disease despite DAF deficiency, confirming complement dependence. Mechanistic studies show that C3a/C3aR ligations on podocytes initiate an autocrine IL-1β/IL-1R1 signaling loop that reduces nephrin expression, causing actin cytoskeleton rearrangement. Uncoupling IL-1β/IL-1R1 signaling prevents disease, providing a causal link. Glomeruli of patients with FSGS lack DAF and stain positive for C3d, and urinary C3a positively correlates with the degree of proteinuria. Together, our data indicate that the development and progression of glomerulosclerosis involve loss of podocyte DAF, triggering local, complement-dependent, IL-1β–induced podocyte injury, potentially identifying new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Angeletti
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.,Division of Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation, Giannina Gaslini Children's Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Chiara Cantarelli
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.,Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Università di Parma, UO Nefrologia, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Astgik Petrosyan
- GOFARR Laboratory for Organ Regenerative Research and Cell Therapeutics in Urology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.,Division of Urology, Saban Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Sofia Andrighetto
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.,Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Kelly Budge
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Vivette D D'Agati
- Department of Pathology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Susan Hartzell
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Deborah Malvi
- "F. Addarii" Institute of Oncology and Transplantation Pathology, Bologna University, Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Donadei
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.,Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale (DIMES), Policlinico Sant'Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Joshua M Thurman
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | | | - John Cijiang He
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Wenzhen Xiao
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Kirk N Campbell
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Jenny Wong
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Clara Fischman
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Joaquin Manrique
- Nephrology Service, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gianluigi Zaza
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Enrico Fiaccadori
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Università di Parma, UO Nefrologia, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Gaetano La Manna
- Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale (DIMES), Policlinico Sant'Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Miguel Fribourg
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Jeremy Leventhal
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Stefano Da Sacco
- GOFARR Laboratory for Organ Regenerative Research and Cell Therapeutics in Urology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.,Division of Urology, Saban Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Laura Perin
- GOFARR Laboratory for Organ Regenerative Research and Cell Therapeutics in Urology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.,Division of Urology, Saban Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Peter S Heeger
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Paolo Cravedi
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
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116
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Weng PL, Majmundar AJ, Khan K, Lim TY, Shril S, Jin G, Musgrove J, Wang M, Ahram DF, Aggarwal VS, Bier LE, Heinzen EL, Onuchic-Whitford AC, Mann N, Buerger F, Schneider R, Deutsch K, Kitzler TM, Klämbt V, Kolb A, Mao Y, Moufawad El Achkar C, Mitrotti A, Martino J, Beck BB, Altmüller J, Benz MR, Yano S, Mikati MA, Gunduz T, Cope H, Shashi V, Trachtman H, Bodria M, Caridi G, Pisani I, Fiaccadori E, AbuMaziad AS, Martinez-Agosto JA, Yadin O, Zuckerman J, Kim A, John-Kroegel U, Tyndall AV, Parboosingh JS, Innes AM, Bierzynska A, Koziell AB, Muorah M, Saleem MA, Hoefele J, Riedhammer KM, Gharavi AG, Jobanputra V, Pierce-Hoffman E, Seaby EG, O'Donnell-Luria A, Rehm HL, Mane S, D'Agati VD, Pollak MR, Ghiggeri GM, Lifton RP, Goldstein DB, Davis EE, Hildebrandt F, Sanna-Cherchi S. De novo TRIM8 variants impair its protein localization to nuclear bodies and cause developmental delay, epilepsy, and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Am J Hum Genet 2021; 108:357-367. [PMID: 33508234 PMCID: PMC7895901 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2021.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is the main pathology underlying steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) and a leading cause of chronic kidney disease. Monogenic forms of pediatric SRNS are predominantly caused by recessive mutations, while the contribution of de novo variants (DNVs) to this trait is poorly understood. Using exome sequencing (ES) in a proband with FSGS/SRNS, developmental delay, and epilepsy, we discovered a nonsense DNV in TRIM8, which encodes the E3 ubiquitin ligase tripartite motif containing 8. To establish whether TRIM8 variants represent a cause of FSGS, we aggregated exome/genome-sequencing data for 2,501 pediatric FSGS/SRNS-affected individuals and 48,556 control subjects, detecting eight heterozygous TRIM8 truncating variants in affected subjects but none in control subjects (p = 3.28 × 10-11). In all six cases with available parental DNA, we demonstrated de novo inheritance (p = 2.21 × 10-15). Reverse phenotyping revealed neurodevelopmental disease in all eight families. We next analyzed ES from 9,067 individuals with epilepsy, yielding three additional families with truncating TRIM8 variants. Clinical review revealed FSGS in all. All TRIM8 variants cause protein truncation clustering within the last exon between residues 390 and 487 of the 551 amino acid protein, indicating a correlation between this syndrome and loss of the TRIM8 C-terminal region. Wild-type TRIM8 overexpressed in immortalized human podocytes and neuronal cells localized to nuclear bodies, while constructs harboring patient-specific variants mislocalized diffusely to the nucleoplasm. Co-localization studies demonstrated that Gemini and Cajal bodies frequently abut a TRIM8 nuclear body. Truncating TRIM8 DNVs cause a neuro-renal syndrome via aberrant TRIM8 localization, implicating nuclear bodies in FSGS and developmental brain disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia L Weng
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Amar J Majmundar
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kamal Khan
- Center for Disease Modeling, Duke University, Durham, NC 27701, USA; Advanced Center for Translational and Genetic Medicine (ACT-GeM), Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Tze Y Lim
- Division of Nephrology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Shirlee Shril
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gina Jin
- Division of Nephrology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - John Musgrove
- Center for Disease Modeling, Duke University, Durham, NC 27701, USA; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Minxian Wang
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Medical and Population Genetics Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Dina F Ahram
- Division of Nephrology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Vimla S Aggarwal
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Louise E Bier
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Erin L Heinzen
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ana C Onuchic-Whitford
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nina Mann
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Florian Buerger
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ronen Schneider
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Konstantin Deutsch
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Thomas M Kitzler
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Verena Klämbt
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Amy Kolb
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Youying Mao
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Christelle Moufawad El Achkar
- Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Adele Mitrotti
- Division of Nephrology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jeremiah Martino
- Division of Nephrology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Bodo B Beck
- Institute of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Janine Altmüller
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Shoji Yano
- Genetics Division, Department of Pediatrics, LAC+USC Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Mohamad A Mikati
- Division of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Talha Gunduz
- Division of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Heidi Cope
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics. Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Vandana Shashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics. Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Howard Trachtman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Monica Bodria
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova GE, Italy
| | - Gianluca Caridi
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova GE, Italy
| | - Isabella Pisani
- U.O. Nefrologia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma and Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Parma, 43126 Parma PR, Italy
| | - Enrico Fiaccadori
- U.O. Nefrologia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma and Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Parma, 43126 Parma PR, Italy
| | - Asmaa S AbuMaziad
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Arizona-Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Julian A Martinez-Agosto
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Human Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Psychiatry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ora Yadin
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jonathan Zuckerman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Arang Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | | | - Amanda V Tyndall
- Department of Medical Genetics and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Jillian S Parboosingh
- Department of Medical Genetics and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - A Micheil Innes
- Department of Medical Genetics and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Agnieszka Bierzynska
- Bristol Renal, University of Bristol and Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol BS2 8BJ, UK
| | - Ania B Koziell
- Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Evelina London, London SE1 7EH, UK; Faculty of Life Sciences, King's College London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Mordi Muorah
- Renal Unit, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, B4 6NH, UK
| | - Moin A Saleem
- Bristol Renal, University of Bristol and Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol BS2 8BJ, UK
| | - Julia Hoefele
- Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Korbinian M Riedhammer
- Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany; Department of Nephrology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Ali G Gharavi
- Division of Nephrology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Vaidehi Jobanputra
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; New York Genome Center, New York, NY 10013, USA
| | - Emma Pierce-Hoffman
- Broad Center for Mendelian Genetics, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Eleanor G Seaby
- Broad Center for Mendelian Genetics, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Anne O'Donnell-Luria
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Center for Mendelian Genetics, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Heidi L Rehm
- Broad Center for Mendelian Genetics, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Shrikant Mane
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale Center for Mendelian Genomics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Vivette D D'Agati
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Martin R Pollak
- Division of Nephrology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Gian Marco Ghiggeri
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova GE, Italy
| | - Richard P Lifton
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale Center for Mendelian Genomics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Laboratory of Human Genetics and Genomics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - David B Goldstein
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Erica E Davis
- Center for Disease Modeling, Duke University, Durham, NC 27701, USA; Advanced Center for Translational and Genetic Medicine (ACT-GeM), Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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Zhuang Q, Li F, Liu J, Wang H, Tian Y, Zhang Z, Wang F, Zhao Z, Chen J, Wu H. Nuclear exclusion of YAP exacerbates podocyte apoptosis and disease progression in Adriamycin-induced focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. J Transl Med 2021; 101:258-270. [PMID: 33203894 PMCID: PMC7815513 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-020-00503-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a chronic glomerular disease with poor clinical outcomes. Podocyte loss via apoptosis is one important mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of FSGS. Recently, Yes-associated-protein (YAP), a key downstream protein in the Hippo pathway, was identified as an activator for multiple gene transcriptional factors in the nucleus to control cell proliferation and apoptosis. To investigate the potential role of YAP in the progression of FSGS, we examined kidney samples from patients with minimal change disease or FSGS and found that increases in podocyte apoptosis is positively correlated with the cytoplasmic distribution of YAP in human FSGS. Utilizing an established mT/mG transgenic mouse model and primary cultured podocytes, we found that YAP was distributed uniformly in nucleus and cytoplasm in the podocytes of control animals. Adriamycin treatment induced gradual nuclear exclusion of YAP with enhanced phospho-YAP/YAP ratio, accompanied by the induction of podocyte apoptosis both in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, we used verteporfin to treat an Adriamycin-induced FSGS mouse model, and found YAP inhibition by verteporfin induced nuclear exclusion of YAP, thus increasing podocyte apoptosis and accelerating disease progression. Therefore, our findings suggest that YAP nuclear distribution and activation in podocytes is an important endogenous anti-apoptotic mechanism during the progression of FSGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyuan Zhuang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyu Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuchen Tian
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhonghua Zhao
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianchun Chen
- Division of Nephrology in Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Huijuan Wu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Chebotareva N, Bobkova I, Lysenko L, Moiseev S. Urinary Markers of Podocyte Dysfunction in Chronic Glomerulonephritis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1306:81-99. [PMID: 33959907 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-63908-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) is a disease with a steady progressive course that involves the development of nephrosclerosis, which is especially evident in clinical courses with incidences of high proteinuria (PU). Currently, proteinuria is considered the main laboratory feature (sign) of CGN activity and progression because proteinuria is closely related to the process of tubulointerstitial fibrosis, which is correlated with the grade of renal insufficiency. The injury to podocytes, which are key components of the filtration barrier, plays a central role in proteinuria development. The detachment of podocytes from the glomerular basement membrane leading to podocytopenia is suggested to induce glomerulosclerosis and hyalinosis with obliteration of capillary loops and the progression of chronic kidney disease. Urinary markers of podocyte dysfunction could serve as useful tools while monitoring the activity and prognosis of CGN. In this chapter, the most important mechanisms of podocyte loss and urinary markers of this process are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Chebotareva
- Tareev Clinic, Department of Nephrology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Irina Bobkova
- Tareev Clinic, Department of Nephrology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Lidia Lysenko
- Tareev Clinic, Department of Nephrology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Moiseev
- Tareev Clinic, Department of Nephrology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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119
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Bhargava R, Maeda K, Tsokos MG, Pavlakis M, Stillman IE, Tsokos GC. N-glycosylated IgG in patients with kidney transplants increases calcium/calmodulin kinase IV in podocytes and causes injury. Am J Transplant 2021; 21:148-160. [PMID: 32531122 PMCID: PMC8188503 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.16140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Transplant glomerulopathy (TG) is a major cause of late allograft loss. Increased urine podocin/creatinine ratio in TG signifies accelerated podocyte loss. The mechanisms that lead to podocyte injury in TG remain unclear. We report that IgG from kidney transplant recipients with TG, but not from those without TG, cause a reduction in the expression of nephrin, significant podocyte actin cytoskeleton, and motility changes. These changes are preceded by increased expression of calcium/calmodulin kinase IV (CAMK4). Mechanistically, we found that CAMK4 phosphorylates GSK3β (glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta), activates the Wnt pathway and stabilizes the nephrin transcriptional repressor SNAIL. Silencing neonatal Fc Receptor (FcRn) or CAMK4 prevented the podocyte-damaging effects of IgG from patients with TG. Furthermore, we show that removal of N-linked glycosyl residues from these IgG did not interfere with its entry into the podocytes but eliminated its ability to upregulate CAMK4 and cause podocyte injury. The translational value of these findings is signified by the fact that CAMK4 is increased in podocytes of patients with TG but not in those without TG despite other forms of renal dysfunction. Our results offer novel considerations to limit podocyte injury in patients with kidney transplants, which may lead to eventual glomerular destabilization and transplant glomerulopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhea Bhargava
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kayaho Maeda
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Maria G. Tsokos
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Martha Pavlakis
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Isaac E. Stillman
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - George C. Tsokos
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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120
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Gao N, Zhang Y, Li L, Lei L, Cao P, Zhao X, Lin L, Xu R. Hyperhomocysteinemia-Induced Oxidative Stress Aggravates Renal Damage in Hypertensive Rats. Am J Hypertens 2020; 33:1127-1135. [PMID: 32484231 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpaa086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) plays a synergistic role with hypertension in vascular injury; however, the relationship between HHcy and hypertension in renal injury remains unclear. Here, we sought to evaluate the relationship between HHcy and hypertension in the context of renal injury and to elucidate the mechanism of action underlying this relationship. METHODS Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were randomized into WKY, WKY + HHcy, SHR, and SHR + HHcy groups. Blood pressure, plasma homocysteine, serum malondialdehyde (MDA), serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), urinary albumin creatinine ratio (UACR), and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were measured. Renal histopathology and expression levels of NOX2, NOX4, and nephrin in the kidneys were examined. RESULTS The WKY + HHcy and SHR groups exhibited lower serum SOD and GFR levels, relative to the WKY group, along with higher levels of both serum MDA and UACR. Higher mRNA and protein expression levels of NOX2 and NOX4, along with lower expression levels of nephrin, were observed in the kidneys of WKY + HHcy and SHR rats, relative to WKY controls, respectively. Similar effects were observed in the SHR + HHcy group, relative to the SHR group and WKY + HHcy group, respectively. Periodic acid-Schiff staining showed an increase in the glomerular extracellular matrix in the WKY + HHcy and SHR + HHcy groups compared with their respective controls. CONCLUSIONS HHcy appears to synergistically increase hypertensive renal damage by enhancing oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Gao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuzhen Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, the People’s Hospital of Zhangqiu, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lei Lei
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ping Cao
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tai’an City Central Hospital, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Xuan Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, People’s Hospital of Dongying, Dongying, Shandong, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Rui Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Zhang C, Gong Y, Li N, Liu X, Zhang Y, Ye F, Guo Q, Zheng J. Long noncoding RNA Kcnq1ot1 promotes sC5b-9-induced podocyte pyroptosis by inhibiting miR-486a-3p and upregulating NLRP3. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 320:C355-C364. [PMID: 33296289 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00403.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Podocytes are epithelial cells adhering glomerular capillaries, which regulate the integrity of glomerular filtration barrier. Irreversible podocyte injury induces glomerular inflammation and causes chronic renal diseases. Kcnq1ot1, a long noncoding RNA, participates in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy and cardiomyopathy. However, its function in podocyte injury is elusive. Pyroptosis of murine podocyte MPC5 was triggered by sublytic complement C5b-9 (sC5b-9) for subsequent in vitro functional and mechanistic investigation. Gain/loss-of-function analysis was conducted to examine the functional role of Kcnq1ot1 in podocyte pyroptosis. Meanwhile, the molecular mechanism of Kcnq1ot1's effect on podocyte injury was explored by identifying downstream molecules and their intermediate interactions. Kcnq1ot1 was upregulated in sC5b-9-induced podocytes, and silencing Kcnq1ot1 could inhibit sC5b-9's effect on podocyte pyroptosis. We also identified the interaction between Kcnq1ot1 and miR-486a-3p, through which Kcnq1ot1 mediated miR-486a-3p inhibition by sC5b-9. Furthermore, miR-486a-3p reduced the transcriptional activity of NLRP3, while the overexpression of NLRP3 enhanced sC5b-9's effect on podocyte pyroptosis through activating NLRP3 inflammasome. sC5b-9 induces pyroptosis in podocytes through modulating the Kcnq1ot1/miR-486a-3p/NLRP3 regulatory axis, and these uncovered key molecules might facilitate podocyte-targeted treatment for renal inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjian Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Heilongjiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Yimeng Gong
- Department of Nephrology, Heilongjiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Nephrology, Heilongjiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Heilongjiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Yunzhu Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Heilongjiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Fangze Ye
- Department of Nephrology, Heilongjiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Department of Nephrology, Heilongjiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Jiaxin Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, Heilongjiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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Wang W, Long H, Huang W, Zhang T, Xie L, Chen C, Liu J, Xiong D, Hu W. Bu-Shen-Huo-Xue Decoction Ameliorates Diabetic Nephropathy by Inhibiting Rac1/PAK1/p38MAPK Signaling Pathway in High-Fat Diet/Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:587663. [PMID: 33343355 PMCID: PMC7744471 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.587663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN), a leading cause of end-stage renal disease, is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide and the development of new drugs to treat DN is urgently required. Bu-Shen-Huo-Xue (BSHX) decoction is a traditional Chinese herbal formula, made according to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory, and has been used clinically to treat DN. In the present study, we established a high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced diabetic mouse model and treated the mice with BSHX decoction to verify its therapeutic effects in vivo. Ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) was applied to analyze the chemical composition and active compounds of BSHX decoction. Markers of podocyte epithelial-mesenchymal transition and the Rac1/PAK1/p38MAPK signaling pathway were evaluated to investigate the mechanism underlying function of BSHX decoction. BSHX decoction effectively alleviated diabetic symptoms, according to analysis of the renal function indicators, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, serum uric acid, and urinary albumin excretion rate, as well as renal histopathology and ultrastructural pathology of DN mice. We identified 67 compounds, including 20 likely active compounds, in BSHX decoction. The podocyte markers, nephrin and podocin, were down-regulated, while the mesenchymal markers, α-SMA and FSP-1, were up-regulated in DN mouse kidney; however, the changes in these markers were reversed on treatment with BSHX decoction. GTP-Rac1 was markedly overexpressed in DN mice and its levels were significantly decreased in response to BSHX decoction. Similarly, levels of p-PAK1 and p-p38MAPK which indicate Rac1 activation, were reduced on treatment with BSHX decoction. Together, our data demonstrated that BSHX decoction ameliorated renal function and podocyte epithelial-mesenchymal transition via inhibiting Rac1/PAK1/p38MAPK signaling pathway in high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Further, we generated a quality control standard and numerous potential active compounds from BSHX decoction for DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weisong Wang
- Graduate School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Hongping Long
- Experiment Center of Medical Innovation, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Graduate School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Graduate School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Lihua Xie
- Graduate School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Graduate School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Jianhe Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Dan Xiong
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
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Ngowi EE, Sarfraz M, Afzal A, Khan NH, Khattak S, Zhang X, Li T, Duan SF, Ji XY, Wu DD. Roles of Hydrogen Sulfide Donors in Common Kidney Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:564281. [PMID: 33364941 PMCID: PMC7751760 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.564281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) plays a key role in the regulation of physiological processes in mammals. The decline in H2S level has been reported in numerous renal disorders. In animal models of renal disorders, treatment with H2S donors could restore H2S levels and improve renal functions. H2S donors suppress renal dysfunction by regulating autophagy, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation through multiple signaling pathways, such as TRL4/NLRP3, AMP-activated protein kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin, transforming growth factor-β1/Smad3, extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1/2, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and nuclear factor kappa B. In this review, we summarize recent developments in the effects of H2S donors on the treatment of common renal diseases, including acute/chronic kidney disease, renal fibrosis, unilateral ureteral obstruction, glomerulosclerosis, diabetic nephropathy, hyperhomocysteinemia, drug-induced nephrotoxicity, metal-induced nephrotoxicity, and urolithiasis. Novel H2S donors can be designed and applied in the treatment of common renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebenezeri Erasto Ngowi
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Dar es Salaam University College of Education, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Muhammad Sarfraz
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Kaifeng Municipal Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan Provincial Engineering Centre for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Attia Afzal
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nazeer Hussain Khan
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Saadullah Khattak
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Tao Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Shao-Feng Duan
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xin-Ying Ji
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Diseases and Bio-Safety, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Dong-Dong Wu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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Rodriguez PQ, Unnersjö-Jess D, Zambrano SS, Guo J, Möller-Hackbarth K, Blom H, Jahnukainen T, Ebarasi L, Patrakka J. Inactivation of mediator complex protein 22 in podocytes results in intracellular vacuole formation, podocyte loss and premature death. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20037. [PMID: 33208756 PMCID: PMC7676236 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76870-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocytes are critical for the maintenance of kidney ultrafiltration barrier and play a key role in the progression of glomerular diseases. Although mediator complex proteins have been shown to be important for many physiological and pathological processes, their role in kidney tissue has not been studied. In this study, we identified a mediator complex protein 22 (Med22) as a renal podocyte cell-enriched molecule. Podocyte-specific Med22 knockout mouse showed that Med22 was not needed for normal podocyte maturation. However, it was critical for the maintenance of podocyte health as the mice developed progressive glomerular disease and died due to renal failure. Detailed morphological analyses showed that Med22-deficiency in podocytes resulted in intracellular vacuole formation followed by podocyte loss. Moreover, Med22-deficiency in younger mice promoted the progression of glomerular disease, suggesting Med22-mediated processes may have a role in the development of glomerulopathies. This study shows for the first time that mediator complex has a critical role in kidney physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Q Rodriguez
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center, Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David Unnersjö-Jess
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - Sonia S Zambrano
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center, Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Katja Möller-Hackbarth
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center, Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans Blom
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - Timo Jahnukainen
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Transplantation, New Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lwaki Ebarasi
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center, Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jaakko Patrakka
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center, Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Mao Y, Schneider R, van der Ven PFM, Assent M, Lohanadan K, Klämbt V, Buerger F, Kitzler TM, Deutsch K, Nakayama M, Majmundar AJ, Mann N, Hermle T, Onuchic-Whitford AC, Zhou W, Margam NN, Duncan R, Marquez J, Khokha M, Fathy HM, Kari JA, El Desoky S, Eid LA, Awad HS, Al-Saffar M, Mane S, Lifton RP, Fürst DO, Shril S, Hildebrandt F. Recessive Mutations in SYNPO2 as a Candidate of Monogenic Nephrotic Syndrome. Kidney Int Rep 2020; 6:472-483. [PMID: 33615072 PMCID: PMC7879128 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2020.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Most of the approximately 60 genes that if mutated cause steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) are highly expressed in the glomerular podocyte, rendering SRNS a “podocytopathy.” Methods We performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) in 1200 nephrotic syndrome (NS) patients. Results We discovered homozygous truncating and homozygous missense mutation in SYNPO2 (synaptopodin-2) (p.Lys1124∗ and p.Ala1134Thr) in 2 patients with childhood-onset NS. We found SYNPO2 expression in both podocytes and mesangial cells; however, notably, immunofluorescence staining of adult human and rat kidney cryosections indicated that SYNPO2 is localized mainly in mesangial cells. Subcellular localization studies reveal that in these cells SYNPO2 partially co-localizes with α-actinin and filamin A−containing F-actin filaments. Upon transfection in mesangial cells or podocytes, EGFP-SYNPO2 co-localized with α-actinin-4, which gene is mutated in autosomal dominant SRNS in humans. SYNPO2 overexpression increases mesangial cell migration rate (MMR), whereas shRNA knockdown reduces MMR. Decreased MMR was rescued by transfection of wild-type mouse Synpo2 cDNA but only partially by cDNA representing mutations from the NS patients. The increased mesangial cell migration rate (MMR) by SYNPO2 overexpression was inhibited by ARP complex inhibitor CK666. SYNPO2 shRNA knockdown in podocytes decreased active Rac1, which was rescued by transfection of wild-type SYNPO2 cDNA but not by cDNA representing any of the 2 mutant variants. Conclusion We show that SYNPO2 variants may lead to Rac1-ARP3 dysregulation, and may play a role in the pathogenesis of nephrotic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youying Mao
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanhai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ronen Schneider
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peter F M van der Ven
- Institute for Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marvin Assent
- Institute for Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Keerthika Lohanadan
- Institute for Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Verena Klämbt
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Florian Buerger
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thomas M Kitzler
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Konstantin Deutsch
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Makiko Nakayama
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amar J Majmundar
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nina Mann
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tobias Hermle
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ana C Onuchic-Whitford
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanhai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Roy Duncan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Jonathan Marquez
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Mustafa Khokha
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Hanan M Fathy
- Department of Pediatrics, Alexandria Faculty of medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Jameela A Kari
- Department of Pediatrics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Pediatric Nephrology Center of Excellence, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sherif El Desoky
- Department of Pediatrics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Pediatric Nephrology Center of Excellence, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Loai A Eid
- Pediatric Nephrology Department, Dubai Kidney Center of Excellence, Dubai Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hazem Subhi Awad
- Pediatric Nephrology Department, Dubai Kidney Center of Excellence, Dubai Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Muna Al-Saffar
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,United Arab Emirates University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shrikant Mane
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Richard P Lifton
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA
| | - Dieter O Fürst
- Institute for Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Shirlee Shril
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Friedhelm Hildebrandt
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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126
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de Winter D, Salaets T, Gie A, Deprest J, Levtchenko E, Toelen J. Glomerular developmental delay and proteinuria in the preterm neonatal rabbit. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241384. [PMID: 33166318 PMCID: PMC7652305 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in neonatal care have improved the survival rate of those born premature. But prenatal conditions, premature birth and clinical interventions can lead to transient and permanent problems in these fragile patients. Premature birth (<36 gestational weeks) occurs during critical renal development and maturation. Some consequences have been observed but the exact pathophysiology is still not entirely known. This experimental animal study aims to investigate the effect of premature birth on postnatal nephrogenesis in premature neonatal rabbits compared to term rabbits of the same corrected age. We analyzed renal morphology, glomerular maturity and functional parameters (proteinuria and protein/creatinine ratio) in three cohorts of rabbit pups: preterm (G28), preterm at day 7 of life (G28+7) and term at day 4 of life (G31+4). We found no significant differences in kidney volume and weight, and relative kidney volume between the cohorts. Nephrogenic zone width increased significantly over time when comparing G31 + 4 to G28. The renal corpuscle surface area, in the inner cortex and outer cortex, tended to decrease significantly after birth in both preterm and term groups. With regard to glomerular maturity, we found that the kidneys in the preterm cohorts were still in an immature state (presence of vesicles and capillary loop stage). Importantly, significant differences in proteinuria and protein/creatinine ratio were found. G28 + 7 showed increased proteinuria (p = 0.019) and an increased protein/creatinine ratio (p = 0.023) in comparison to G31 +4. In conclusion, these results suggest that the preterm rabbit kidney tends to linger in the immature glomerular stages and shows signs of a reduced renal functionality compared to the kidney born at term, which could in time lead to short- and long-term health consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek de Winter
- Faculty of Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Thomas Salaets
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Paediatrics, Division Woman and Child, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - André Gie
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Deprest
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Division Woman and Child, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Institute for Women’s Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Levtchenko
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Paediatrics, Division Woman and Child, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jaan Toelen
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Paediatrics, Division Woman and Child, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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127
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Fang Y, Gong AY, Haller ST, Dworkin LD, Liu Z, Gong R. The ageing kidney: Molecular mechanisms and clinical implications. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 63:101151. [PMID: 32835891 PMCID: PMC7595250 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
As human life expectancy keeps increasing, ageing populations present a growing challenge for clinical practices. Human ageing is associated with molecular, structural, and functional changes in a variety of organ systems, including the kidney. During the ageing process, the kidney experiences progressive functional decline as well as macroscopic and microscopic histological alterations, which are accentuated by systemic comorbidities like hypertension and diabetes mellitus, or by preexisting or underlying kidney diseases. Although ageing per se does not cause kidney injury, physiologic changes associated with normal ageing processes are likely to impair the reparative capacity of the kidney and thus predispose older people to acute kidney disease, chronic kidney disease and other renal diseases. Mechanistically, cell senescence plays a key role in renal ageing, involving a number of cellular signaling mechanisms, many of which may be harnessed as international targets for slowing or even reversing kidney ageing. This review summarizes the clinical characteristics of renal ageing, highlights the latest progresses in deciphering the role of cell senescence in renal ageing, and envisages potential interventional strategies and novel therapeutic targets for preventing or improving renal ageing in the hope of maintaining long-term kidney health and function across the life course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Fang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Division of Nephrology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Athena Y Gong
- Division of Nephrology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Steven T Haller
- Division of Cardiology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Lance D Dworkin
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Zhangsuo Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Rujun Gong
- Division of Nephrology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, USA; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, USA.
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128
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Mild electrical stimulation with heat shock attenuates renal pathology in adriamycin-induced nephrotic syndrome mouse model. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18719. [PMID: 33128027 PMCID: PMC7603347 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75761-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a renal disorder that is characterized by massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia and edema. One of the main causes of NS is focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), which has extremely poor prognosis. Although steroids and immunosuppressants are the first line of treatment, some FSGS cases are refractory, prompting the need to find new therapeutic strategies. We have previously demonstrated that an optimized combination treatment of mild electrical stimulation (MES) and heat shock (HS) has several biological benefits including the amelioration of the pathologies of the genetic renal disorder Alport syndrome. Here, we investigated the effect of MES + HS on adriamycin (ADR)-induced NS mouse model. MES + HS suppressed proteinuria and glomerulosclerosis induced by ADR. The expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines and pro-fibrotic genes were also significantly downregulated by MES + HS. MES + HS decreased the expression level of cleaved caspase-3 and the number of TUNEL-positive cells, indicating that MES + HS exerted anti-apoptotic effect. Moreover, MES + HS activated the Akt signaling and induced the phosphorylation and inhibition of the apoptotic molecule BAD. In in vitro experiment, the Akt inhibitor abolished the MES + HS-induced Akt-BAD signaling and anti-apoptotic effect in ADR-treated cells. Collectively, our study suggested that MES + HS modulates ADR-induced pathologies and has renoprotective effect against ADR-induced NS via regulation of Akt-BAD axis.
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129
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Urinary podocyte mRNAs precede microalbuminuria as a progression risk marker in human type 2 diabetic nephropathy. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18209. [PMID: 33097787 PMCID: PMC7584595 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75320-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Earlier detection of progression risk in diabetic nephropathy will allow earlier intervention to reduce progression. The hypothesis that urinary pellet podocyte mRNA is a more sensitive progression risk marker than microalbuminuria was tested. A cross sectional cohort of 165 type 2 diabetics and 41 age and sex-matched controls were enrolled. Podocyte stress (Urinary pellet podocin:nephrin mRNA ratio), podocyte detachment (Urinary pellet podocin mRNA:creatinine ratio: UPPod:CR) and a tubular marker (Urinary pellet aquaporin 2:creatinine ratio) were measured in macro-albuminuric, micro-albuminuric and norm-albuminuric groups. eGFR was reassessed after 4 years in 124 available diabetic subjects. Urinary pellet podocyte and tubular mRNA markers were increased in all diabetic groups in cross-sectional analysis. After 4 years of follow-up univariable and multivariate model analysis showed that the only urinary markers significantly related to eGFR slope were UPPod:CR (P < 0.01) and albuminuria (P < 0.01). AUC analysis using K-fold cross validation to predict eGFR loss of ≥ 3 ml/min/1.73m2/year showed that UPPod:CR and albuminuria each improved the AUC similarly such that combined with clinical variables they gave an AUC = 0.70. Podocyte markers and albuminuria had overlapping AUC contributions, as expected if podocyte depletion causes albuminuria. In the norm-albuminuria cohort (n = 75) baseline UPPod:CR was associated with development of albuminuria (P = 0.007) and, in the tertile with both normal kidney function (eGFR 84 ± 11.7 ml/min/1.73m2) and norm-albuminuria at baseline, UPPod:CR was associated with eGFR loss rate (P = 0.003). In type 2 diabetics with micro- or macro-albuminuria UPPod:CR and albuminuria were equally good at predicting eGFR loss. For norm-albuminuric type 2 diabetics UPPod:CR predicted both albuminuria and eGFR loss.
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130
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Hansen KUI, Siegerist F, Daniel S, Schindler M, Iervolino A, Blumenthal A, Daniel C, Amann K, Zhou W, Endlich K, Endlich N. Prolonged podocyte depletion in larval zebrafish resembles mammalian focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis. FASEB J 2020; 34:15961-15974. [PMID: 33070374 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000724r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a histological pattern frequently found in patients with nephrotic syndrome that often progress to end-stage kidney disease. The initial step in development of this histologically defined entity is injury and ultimately depletion of podocytes, highly arborized interdigitating cells on the glomerular capillaries with important function for the glomerular filtration barrier. Since there are still no causal therapeutic options, animal models are needed to develop new treatment strategies. Here, we present an FSGS-like model in zebrafish larvae, an eligible vertebrate model for kidney research. In a transgenic zebrafish strain, podocytes were depleted, and the glomerular response was investigated by histological and morphometrical analysis combined with immunofluorescence staining and ultrastructural analysis by transmission electron microscopy. By intravenous injection of fluorescent high-molecular weight dextran, we confirmed leakage of the size selective filtration barrier. Additionally, we observed severe podocyte foot process effacement of remaining podocytes, activation of proximal tubule-like parietal epithelial cells identified by ultrastructural cytomorphology, and expression of proximal tubule markers. These activated cells deposited extracellular matrix on the glomerular tuft which are all hallmarks of FSGS. Our findings indicate that glomerular response to podocyte depletion in larval zebrafish resembles human FSGS in several important characteristics. Therefore, this model will help to investigate the disease development and the effects of potential drugs in a living organism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Florian Siegerist
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sophie Daniel
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Maximilian Schindler
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anna Iervolino
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Biogem Research Institute Gaetano Salvatore, Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Antje Blumenthal
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christoph Daniel
- Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Amann
- Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Weibin Zhou
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Karlhans Endlich
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nicole Endlich
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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131
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Nie J, Yang J, Wei Y, Wei X. The role of oxidized phospholipids in the development of disease. Mol Aspects Med 2020; 76:100909. [PMID: 33023753 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2020.100909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Oxidized phospholipids (OxPLs), complex mixtures of phospholipid oxidation products generated during normal or pathological processes, are increasingly recognized to show bioactive effects on many cellular signalling pathways. There is a growing body of evidence showing that OxPLs play an important role in many diseases, so it is essential to define the specific role of OxPLs in different diseases for the design of disease therapies. In vastly diverse pathological processes, OxPLs act as pro-inflammatory agents and contribute to the progression of many diseases; in addition, they play a role in anti-inflammatory processes, promoting the dissipation of inflammation and inhibiting the progression of some diseases. In addition to participating in the regulation of inflammatory responses, OxPLs affect the occurrence and development of diseases through other pathways, such as apoptosis promotion. In this review, the different and even opposite effects of different OxPL molecular species are discussed. Furthermore, the specific effects of OxPLs in various diseases, as well as the receptor and cellular mechanisms involved, are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Nie
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Department of Respiration, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Yunnan, 650032, China; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Melanoma and Sarcoma Medical Oncology Unit, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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132
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Queiroz PC, Jorge AES, Mourão PHV, Penido MGMG. Collapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis probably triggered by dengue virus infection - two case reports. J Bras Nefrol 2020; 42:489-493. [PMID: 32255468 PMCID: PMC7860653 DOI: 10.1590/2175-8239-jbn-2019-0237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The reported cases describe the association between collapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and acute dengue virus infection. In both cases, patients were diagnosed with dengue virus infection and had a severe kidney disease, with nephrotic syndrome and acute kidney injury. Kidney biopsy was performed and showed collapsing FSGS. The first patient, a 27-year-old man, was diagnosed with dengue virus infection and developed nephrotic syndrome after two weeks of illness. He was treated with methylprednisolone for three days and intravenous furosemide. This patient evolved well, although his renal function did not fully recover. The second patient, a 32-year-old man, was diagnosed with a milder clinical presentation of dengue virus infection. He had a past medical history of nephrotic syndrome in childhood, which might have caused its relapse. This patient was treated with intravenous furosemide and also did not fully recover renal function. These cases highlight the possible implication of dengue virus infection in the etiology of collapsing variant of FSGS. Healthcare professionals should be prepared to identify similar cases.
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133
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Increased long noncoding RNA maternally expressed gene 3 contributes to podocyte injury induced by high glucose through regulation of mitochondrial fission. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:814. [PMID: 32994406 PMCID: PMC7525535 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03022-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Excessive mitochondrial fission plays a key role in podocyte injury in diabetic kidney disease (DKD), and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are important in the development and progression of DKD. However, lncRNA regulation of mitochondrial fission in podocytes is poorly understood. Here, we studied lncRNA maternally expressed gene 3 (Meg3) in mitochondrial fission in vivo and in vitro using human podocytes and Meg3 podocyte-specific knockdown mice. Expression of lncRNA Meg3 in STZ-induced diabetic mice was higher, and correlated with the number of podocytes. Excessive mitochondrial fission of podocytes and renal histopathological and physiological parameters were improved in podocyte-specific Meg3 knockdown diabetic mice. Elongated mitochondria with attenuated podocyte damage, as well as mitochondrial translocation of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), were decreased in Meg3 knockout podocytes. By contrast, increased fragmented mitochondria, podocyte injury, and Drp1 expression and phosphorylation were observed in lncRNA Meg3-overexpressing podocytes. Treatment with Mdivi1 significantly blunted more fragmented mitochondria and reduced podocyte injury in lncRNA Meg3-overexpressing podocytes. Finally, fragmented mitochondria and Drp1 mitochondrial translocation induced by high glucose were reduced following treatment with Mdivi1. Our data show that expression of Meg3 in podocytes in both human cells and diabetic mice was higher, which regulates mitochondrial fission and contributes to podocyte injury through increased Drp1 and its translocation to mitochondria.
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134
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Your blood pressure might be normal, but what about your podocytes? Kidney Int 2020; 98:545-547. [PMID: 32828235 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Associations among hypertension, podocyte depletion, and chronic kidney disease are well-established, but whether mean arterial pressure (MAP) in the normal range influences podocyte depletion has not been previously examined. In this issue, Naik et al. use non-invasive urinary mRNA analysis to demonstrate that higher podocyte stress and detachment are associated with higher MAP in the normal range. The relationship between blood pressure and podocyte health suddenly got much more interesting.
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135
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Wei C, He Y, Li T, Hu H, Song H, Qi D, Cheng Y, Chen J, Guan M, Xiao X, Li J. Glomerulosclerosis predicts poor renal outcome in patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy. Int Urol Nephrol 2020; 53:505-514. [PMID: 32960397 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-020-02641-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the association between the proportion of glomerulosclerosis (focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and/or global glomerulosclerosis) and renal prognosis in patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN). METHODS A retrospective analysis performed from January 2008 to December 2017 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University by renal biopsy confirmed 200 patients with IMN, and their clinical pathology and prognosis were compared. Patients were divided into three groups on the basis of glomerular sclerosis proportion tertiles: low (Tertile1 group, proportion of glomerulosclerosis, 0-0%), middle (Tertile2 group, proportion of glomerulosclerosis, 0-5.5%) and high (Tertile3 group, proportion of glomerulosclerosis, 5.8-72.7%) tertiles. The follow-up endpoints were decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) by 20%, end-stage renal disease, and all-cause mortality. RESULTS (1) Both, the Tertile1 and Tertile2, groups had significantly lower albumin level and higher 24-h urine protein level than that in the Tertile3 group. Regarding treatment, as the proportion of glomerulosclerosis increases, a more aggressive treatment with glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants should be provided. (2) Correlation analysis showed that the proportion of glomerulosclerosis was positively associated with age (P < 0.05). However, it was negatively associated with eGFR (P < 0.05). (3) Renal tubular atrophy and renal interstitial inflammatory cell infiltration were considered independent correlative factors for glomerulosclerosis. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that renal survival rate was significantly lower in patients with a proportion of glomerulosclerosis ≥ 6.45% than in patients with a proportion of glomerulosclerosis < 6.45%. Cox regression analysis revealed that as the proportion of glomerulosclerosis increases, the risk of renal outcomes increases gradually. CONCLUSIONS Patients in the Tertile3 (higher proportion of glomerulosclerosis) group had more severe renal pathological damage compared to patients in the Tertile1 and Tertile2 groups. Glomerulosclerosis is a risk factor for renal function progression and poor renal prognosis in patients with IMN. As the proportion of glomerulosclerosis increases, the risk of renal endpoint events increases gradually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuimei Wei
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, No. 3002 Sungang Road, Futian, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China.,Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongcheng He
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China.,Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China. .,Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China.
| | - Haofei Hu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China.,Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Haiying Song
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China.,Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Dongli Qi
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China.,Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China.,Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China.,Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Mijie Guan
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China.,Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaohua Xiao
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, No. 3002 Sungang Road, Futian, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China.,Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Junyi Li
- Department of Applied Statistics, School of Applied Mathematics, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510643, China
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136
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Kubo A, Hidaka T, Nakayama M, Sasaki Y, Takagi M, Suzuki H, Suzuki Y. Protective effects of DPP-4 inhibitor on podocyte injury in glomerular diseases. BMC Nephrol 2020; 21:402. [PMID: 32948146 PMCID: PMC7501714 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-020-02060-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is a serine protease that inhibits the degradation of glucagon-like peptide 1. DPP-4 inhibitors are used worldwide to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus and were recently shown to have pleiotropic effects such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fibrotic actions. DPP-4 inhibitors improve albuminuria and renal injury including glomerular damage independent of its hypoglycemic effect. Although DPP-4 is mainly expressed in the kidney, the physiological function of DPP-4 remains unclear. METHODS The localization of renal DPP-4 activity was determined in human renal biopsy specimens with glycyl-1-prolyl-4-methoxy-2-naphthylamide and the effects of a DPP-4 inhibitor were examined in human cultured podocyte. RESULTS DPP-4 activity under normal conditions was observed in some Bowman's capsular epithelial cells and proximal tubules, but not in the glomerulus. DPP-4 activity was observed in crescent formation in anti-neutrophil myeloperoxidase cytoplasmic antigen antibody nephritis, nodular lesions in diabetic nephropathy, and some podocytes in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Notably, the DPP-4 inhibitor saxagliptin suppressed DPP-4 activity in podocytes and the proximal tubules. To assess the effect of DPP-4 inhibitor on podocytes, human cultured podocytes were injured by Adriamycin, which increased DPP-4 activity; this activity was dose-dependently suppressed by saxagliptin. Treatment with saxagliptin maintained the structure of synaptopodin and RhoA. Saxagliptin also improved the detachment of podocytes. CONCLUSIONS DPP-4 activity induces degradation of synaptopodin and reduction of RhoA, resulting in destruction of the podocyte cytoskeleton. Saxagliptin may have pleiotropic effects to prevent podocyte injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayano Kubo
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Teruo Hidaka
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Maiko Nakayama
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yu Sasaki
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Miyuki Takagi
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Suzuki
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.,Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, 2-1-1 Tomioka, Urayasu-City, Chiba, 279-0021, Japan
| | - Yusuke Suzuki
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
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137
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Lorbach SK, Hokamp JA, Quimby JM, Cianciolo RE. Clinicopathologic characteristics, pathology, and prognosis of 77 dogs with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. J Vet Intern Med 2020; 34:1948-1956. [PMID: 33463760 PMCID: PMC7517845 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a common cause of nonimmune complex glomerulopathy and the prognosis and clinicopathologic findings associated with this condition have not been described in dogs. OBJECTIVE To characterize the presentation and identify clinical factors associated with the survival of dogs with FSGS. ANIMALS Seventy-seven dogs diagnosed with FSGS based on evaluation of renal biopsy samples submitted to the International Veterinary Renal Pathology Service. METHODS Retrospective review of medical records of dogs biopsied for evaluation of proteinuria between January 2015 and May 2017. RESULTS The incidence of FSGS among all dogs biopsied for proteinuria was 26%. Significantly more females (48; 62.3%) than males (29; 37.7%) were affected (P = .04). At the time of biopsy, median serum creatinine concentration (SCr) was 1.2 mg/dL (range, 0.3-8.7), median serum albumin concentration (Alb) was 2.8 g/dL (range, 1.1-4.6), median systolic blood pressure was 153.5 mm Hg (range, 95-260), and median urine protein : creatinine ratio was 5.9 (range, 1.4-22). Median survival time after biopsy was 258 days (range, 26-1003) for dogs that died from all causes (n = 32). Factors that were associated with a shorter survival time included SCr ≥ 2.1 mg/dL (P < .01) and Alb < 2 g/dL (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Most dogs with FSGS were female, and although commonly hypertensive, azotemia, severe hypoalbuminemia and ascites or edema were observed infrequently. Variables significantly associated with survival time were SCr and Alb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K. Lorbach
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary MedicineThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Jessica A. Hokamp
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary MedicineThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
- International Veterinary Renal Pathology Service (IVRPS), Combined Service at The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio and Texas A&MCollege StationTexasUSA
| | - Jessica M. Quimby
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary MedicineThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Rachel E. Cianciolo
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary MedicineThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
- International Veterinary Renal Pathology Service (IVRPS), Combined Service at The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio and Texas A&MCollege StationTexasUSA
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138
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Naik AS, Le D, Aqeel J, Wang SQ, Chowdhury M, Walters LM, Cibrik DM, Samaniego M, Wiggins RC. Podocyte stress and detachment measured in urine are related to mean arterial pressure in healthy humans. Kidney Int 2020; 98:699-707. [PMID: 32739208 PMCID: PMC10440835 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension-associated progressive glomerulosclerosis is a significant driver of both de novo and all-cause chronic kidney disease leading to end-stage kidney failure. The progression of glomerular disease proceeds via continuing depletion of podocytes from the glomeruli into the ultrafiltrate. To non-invasively assess injury patterns associated with mean arterial pressure (MAP), we conducted an observational study of 87 healthy normotensive individuals who were cleared for living kidney donation. Urine pellet podocin and aquaporin2 mRNAs normalized to the urine creatinine concentration (UPod:Creat ratio and UAqp2:Creat ratio) were used as markers of podocyte detachment and tubular injury, respectively. The ratio of two podocyte mRNA markers, podocin to nephrin (UPod:Neph) as well as the ratio of podocin to the tubular marker aquaporin2 (UPod:Aqp2) estimated the relative rates of podocyte stress and glomerular vs. tubular injury. The MAP was positively correlated with the UPod:Neph and UPod:Aqp2, thereby confirming the relationship of MAP with podocyte stress and the preferential targeting of the glomerulus by higher MAP. In multivariable linear regression analysis, both UPod:Neph and UPod:Creat, but not UAqp2:Creat or proteinuria, were both significantly related to a range of normal MAP (70 to 110 mm Hg). Systolic, as opposed to diastolic or pulse pressure was associated with UPod:Creat. Thus, higher podocyte stress and detachment into the urine are associated with MAP even in a relatively "normal" range of MAP. Hence, urine pellet mRNA monitoring can potentially identify progression risk before the onset of overt hypertension, proteinuria or chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit S Naik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
| | - Dustin Le
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jawad Aqeel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Su Q Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Mahboob Chowdhury
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Lisa M Walters
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Diane M Cibrik
- Nephrology Division, University of Kansas, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Roger C Wiggins
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
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139
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Kaverina NV, Eng DG, Miner JH, Pippin JW, Shankland SJ. Parietal epithelial cell differentiation to a podocyte fate in the aged mouse kidney. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:17601-17624. [PMID: 32858527 PMCID: PMC7521511 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Healthy aging is typified by a progressive and absolute loss of podocytes over the lifespan of animals and humans. To test the hypothesis that a subset of glomerular parietal epithelial cell (PEC) progenitors transition to a podocyte fate with aging, dual reporter PEC-rtTA|LC1|tdTomato|Nphs1-FLPo|FRT-EGFP mice were generated. PECs were inducibly labeled with a tdTomato reporter, and podocytes were constitutively labeled with an EGFP reporter. With advancing age (14 and 24 months) glomeruli in the juxta-medullary cortex (JMC) were more severely injured than those in the outer cortex (OC). In aged mice (24m), injured glomeruli with lower podocyte number (41% decrease), showed more PEC migration and differentiation to a podocyte fate than mildly injured or healthy glomeruli. PECs differentiated to a podocyte fate had ultrastructural features of podocytes and co-expressed the podocyte markers podocin, nephrin, p57 and VEGF164, but not markers of mesangial (Perlecan) or endothelial (ERG) cells. PECs differentiated to a podocyte fate did not express CD44, a marker of PEC activation. Taken together, we demonstrate that a subpopulation of PECs differentiate to a podocyte fate predominantly in injured glomeruli in mice of advanced age.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diana G. Eng
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jeffrey H. Miner
- Division of Nephrology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jeffrey W. Pippin
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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140
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Mulder EG, Ghossein-Doha C, Crutsen J, Van Kuijk S, Thilaganathan B, Spaanderman M. Effect of pregnancy prolongation in early-onset pre-eclampsia on postpartum maternal cardiovascular, renal and metabolic function in primiparous women: an observational study. BJOG 2020; 128:121-129. [PMID: 32725713 PMCID: PMC7754285 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.16435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the association between deferred delivery in early‐onset pre‐eclampsia and offspring outcome and maternal cardiovascular, renal and metabolic function in the postpartum period. Design Observational study. Setting Tertiary referral hospital. Population Nulliparous women diagnosed with pre‐eclampsia before 34 weeks’ gestation who participated in a routine postpartum cardiovascular risk assessment programme. Women with hypertension, diabetes mellitus or renal disease prior to pregnancy were excluded. Methods Regression analyses were performed to assess the association between pregnancy prolongation and outcome measures. Main outcome measures Offspring outcome and prevalence of deviant maternal cardiovascular, renal and metabolic function. Results The study population included 564 women with a median pregnancy prolongation of 10 days (interquartile range [IQR] 4–18) who were assessed at on average 8 months (IQR 6–12) postpartum. Pregnancy prolongation after diagnosis resulted in a decrease in infant mortality (adjusted odd ratio [aOR] 0.907, 95% CI 0.852–0.965 per day prolongation). This improvement in offspring outcome was associated with an elevated risk of moderately increased albuminuria (aOR 1.025, 95% CI 1.006–1.045 per day prolongation), but not with aberrant cardiac geometry, cardiac systolic or diastolic dysfunction, persistent hypertension or metabolic syndrome. Conclusion Pregnancy prolongation in early‐onset pre‐eclampsia is associated with improved offspring outcome and survival. These effects do not appear to be deleterious to short‐term maternal cardiovascular and metabolic function but are associated with a modest increase in risk of residual albuminuria. Tweetable abstract Pregnancy prolongation in pre‐eclampsia has only a limited effect on postpartum maternal cardiovascular function. Pregnancy prolongation in pre‐eclampsia has only a limited effect on postpartum maternal cardiovascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- E G Mulder
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - C Ghossein-Doha
- Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jrw Crutsen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Smj Van Kuijk
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technology Assessment, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - B Thilaganathan
- St George's University of London, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Mea Spaanderman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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141
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Kwiatkowska E, Stefańska K, Zieliński M, Sakowska J, Jankowiak M, Trzonkowski P, Marek-Trzonkowska N, Kwiatkowski S. Podocytes-The Most Vulnerable Renal Cells in Preeclampsia. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21145051. [PMID: 32708979 PMCID: PMC7403979 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a disorder that affects 3–5% of normal pregnancies. It was believed for a long time that the kidney, similarly to all vessels in the whole system, only sustained endothelial damage. The current knowledge gives rise to a presumption that the main role in the development of proteinuria is played by damage to the podocytes and their slit diaphragm. The podocyte damage mechanism in preeclampsia is connected to free VEGF and nitric oxide (NO) deficiency, and an increased concentration of endothelin-1 and oxidative stress. From national cohort studies, we know that women who had preeclampsia in at least one pregnancy carried five times the risk of developing end-stage renal disease (ESRD) when compared to women with physiological pregnancies. The focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is the dominant histopathological lesion in women with a history of PE. The kidney’s podocytes are not subject to replacement or proliferation. Podocyte depletion exceeding 20% resulted in FSGS, which is a reason for the later development of ESRD. In this review, we present the mechanism of kidney (especially podocytes) injury in preeclampsia. We try to explain how this damage affects further changes in the morphology and function of the kidneys after pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Kwiatkowska
- Clinical Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Stefańska
- Department of Obstetrics, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Maciej Zieliński
- Department of Medical Immunology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland; (M.Z.); (J.S.); (M.J.); (P.T.)
| | - Justyna Sakowska
- Department of Medical Immunology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland; (M.Z.); (J.S.); (M.J.); (P.T.)
| | - Martyna Jankowiak
- Department of Medical Immunology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland; (M.Z.); (J.S.); (M.J.); (P.T.)
| | - Piotr Trzonkowski
- Department of Medical Immunology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland; (M.Z.); (J.S.); (M.J.); (P.T.)
| | - Natalia Marek-Trzonkowska
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science Cancer Immunology Group, University of Gdansk, 80-822 Gdańsk, Poland;
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Cellular Therapies, Department of Family Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Sebastian Kwiatkowski
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
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Scuto M, Trovato Salinaro A, Modafferi S, Polimeni A, Pfeffer T, Weigand T, Calabrese V, Schmitt CP, Peters V. Carnosine Activates Cellular Stress Response in Podocytes and Reduces Glycative and Lipoperoxidative Stress. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8060177. [PMID: 32604897 PMCID: PMC7344982 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8060177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Carnosine improves diabetic complications, including diabetic nephropathy, in in vivo models. To further understand the underlying mechanism of nephroprotection, we studied the effect of carnosine under glucose-induced stress on cellular stress response proteins in murine immortalized podocytes, essential for glomerular function. High-glucose stress initiated stress response by increasing intracellular heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), sirtuin-1 (Sirt-1), thioredoxin (Trx), glutamate-cysteine ligase (gamma-glutamyl cysteine synthetase; γ-GCS) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in podocytes by 30–50% compared to untreated cells. Carnosine (1 mM) also induced a corresponding upregulation of these intracellular stress markers, which was even more prominent compared to glucose for Hsp70 (21%), γ-GCS and HO-1 (13% and 20%, respectively; all p < 0.001). Co-incubation of carnosine (1 mM) and glucose (25 mM) induced further upregulation of Hsp70 (84%), Sirt-1 (52%), Trx (35%), γ-GCS (90%) and HO-1 (73%) concentrations compared to untreated cells (all p < 0.001). The glucose-induced increase in 4-hydroxy-trans-2-nonenal (HNE) and protein carbonylation was reduced dose-dependently by carnosine by more than 50% (p < 0.001). Although podocytes tolerated high carnosine concentrations (10 mM), high carnosine levels only slightly increased Trx and γ-GCS (10% and 19%, respectively, compared to controls; p < 0.001), but not Hsp70, Sirt-1 and HO-1 proteins (p not significant), and did not modify the glucose-induced oxidative stress response. In podocytes, carnosine induced cellular stress tolerance and resilience pathways and was highly effective in reducing high-glucose-induced glycative and lipoperoxidative stress. Carnosine in moderate concentrations exerted a direct podocyte molecular protective action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Scuto
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (M.S.); (A.T.S.); (S.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Angela Trovato Salinaro
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (M.S.); (A.T.S.); (S.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Sergio Modafferi
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (M.S.); (A.T.S.); (S.M.); (A.P.)
- Centre for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Heidelberg, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany; (T.P.); (T.W.); (V.P.)
| | - Alessandra Polimeni
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (M.S.); (A.T.S.); (S.M.); (A.P.)
- Centre for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Heidelberg, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany; (T.P.); (T.W.); (V.P.)
| | - Tilman Pfeffer
- Centre for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Heidelberg, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany; (T.P.); (T.W.); (V.P.)
| | - Tim Weigand
- Centre for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Heidelberg, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany; (T.P.); (T.W.); (V.P.)
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (M.S.); (A.T.S.); (S.M.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence: (V.C.); (C.P.S.)
| | - Claus Peter Schmitt
- Centre for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Heidelberg, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany; (T.P.); (T.W.); (V.P.)
- Correspondence: (V.C.); (C.P.S.)
| | - Verena Peters
- Centre for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Heidelberg, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany; (T.P.); (T.W.); (V.P.)
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Hamatani H, Eng DG, Hiromura K, Pippin JW, Shankland SJ. CD44 impacts glomerular parietal epithelial cell changes in the aged mouse kidney. Physiol Rep 2020; 8:e14487. [PMID: 32597007 PMCID: PMC7322268 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
CD44 contributes to the activation of glomerular parietal epithelial cells (PECs). Although CD44 expression is higher in PECs of healthy aged mice, the biological role of CD44 in PECs in this context remains unclear. Accordingly, young (4 months) and aged (24 months) CD44-/- mice were compared to age-matched CD44+/+ mice, both aged in a nonstressed environment. Parietal epithelial cell densities were similar in both young and aged CD44+/+ and CD44-/- mice. Phosphorylated ERK 1/2 (pERK) was higher in aged CD44+/+ mice. Vimentin and α-SMA, markers of changes to the epithelial cell phenotype, were present in PECs in aged CD44+/+ mice, but absent in aged CD44-/- mice in both outer cortical (OC) and juxtamedullary (JM) glomeruli. Because age-related glomerular hypertrophy was lower in CD44-/- mice, mTOR activation was assessed by phospho-S6 ribosomal protein (pS6RP) staining. Parietal epithelial cells and glomerular tuft staining for pS6RP was lower in aged CD44-/- mice compared to aged CD44+/+ mice. Podocyte density was higher in aged CD44-/- mice in both OC and JM glomeruli. These changes were accompanied by segmental and global glomerulosclerosis in aged CD44+/+ mice, but absent in aged CD44-/- mice. These results show that the increase in CD44 in PECs in aged kidneys contributes to several changes to the glomerulus during healthy aging in mice, and may involve ERK and mTOR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Hamatani
- Division of NephrologyUniversity of Washington School of MedicineSeattleWAUSA
- Department of Nephrology and RheumatologyGunma University Graduate School of MedicineMaebashiJapan
| | - Diana G. Eng
- Division of NephrologyUniversity of Washington School of MedicineSeattleWAUSA
| | - Keiju Hiromura
- Department of Nephrology and RheumatologyGunma University Graduate School of MedicineMaebashiJapan
| | - Jeffrey W. Pippin
- Division of NephrologyUniversity of Washington School of MedicineSeattleWAUSA
| | - Stuart J. Shankland
- Division of NephrologyUniversity of Washington School of MedicineSeattleWAUSA
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Trimarchi H. Mechanisms of Podocyte Detachment, Podocyturia, and Risk of Progression of Glomerulopathies. KIDNEY DISEASES 2020; 6:324-329. [PMID: 33490112 DOI: 10.1159/000507997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Glomerulopathies are the main cause of ESRD. Primary or secondary causes of glomerular diseases comprise more than 70% of cases that end up in renal replacement therapies. Summary The total glomerular mass that each individual contains is key to maintaining normal kidney function. Diabetes, hypertension, and any primary or secondary glomerulopathy may threaten the normal glomerular function. In fact, any glomerular insult may alter the glomerular filtration barrier, which in turn is composed by the podocyte, the glomerular basement membrane, and the capillary endothelial cell. Deposition of immune complexes, antibodies, or complement components at the subepithelial, intramembranous, or subendothelial space, and mutations in podocyte, slit diaphragm, or glomerular basement membrane proteins or enzymes are the main etiologies of glomerular alterations. Podocytes are glomerular cells that do not divide under normal circumstances. In this respect, maintenance of the absolute podocyte number per glomer-ulus is critical for normal glomerular function. As the insult progresses, podocytes start to detach from the glomerular basement membrane. When the podocyte loss is over 40% in a glomerulus, glomerulosclerosis develops, and obliteration of the glomerulus is the rule. In clinical grounds, this phenomenon is diagnosed mainly by proteinuria and a decline in glomerular filtration rate. Key messages In this review article, the impact of podocyturia in glomerular diseases and the main mechanisms of podocyte detachment are discussed. Finally, potential targets of therapeutic approach are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernán Trimarchi
- Nephrology Service, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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145
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Low doses of folic acid can reduce hyperhomocysteinemia-induced glomerular injury in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertens Res 2020; 43:1182-1191. [DOI: 10.1038/s41440-020-0471-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Butt L, Unnersjö-Jess D, Höhne M, Edwards A, Binz-Lotter J, Reilly D, Hahnfeldt R, Ziegler V, Fremter K, Rinschen MM, Helmstädter M, Ebert LK, Castrop H, Hackl MJ, Walz G, Brinkkoetter PT, Liebau MC, Tory K, Hoyer PF, Beck BB, Brismar H, Blom H, Schermer B, Benzing T. A molecular mechanism explaining albuminuria in kidney disease. Nat Metab 2020; 2:461-474. [PMID: 32694662 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-020-0204-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian kidneys constantly filter large amounts of liquid, with almost complete retention of albumin and other macromolecules in the plasma. Breakdown of the three-layered renal filtration barrier results in loss of albumin into urine (albuminuria) across the wall of small renal capillaries, and is a leading cause of chronic kidney disease. However, exactly how the renal filter works and why its permeability is altered in kidney diseases is poorly understood. Here we show that the permeability of the renal filter is modulated through compression of the capillary wall. We collect morphometric data prior to and after onset of albuminuria in a mouse model equivalent to a human genetic disease affecting the renal filtration barrier. Combining quantitative analyses with mathematical modelling, we demonstrate that morphological alterations of the glomerular filtration barrier lead to reduced compressive forces that counteract filtration pressure, thereby resulting in capillary dilatation, and ultimately albuminuria. Our results reveal distinct functions of the different layers of the filtration barrier and expand the molecular understanding of defective renal filtration in chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linus Butt
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - David Unnersjö-Jess
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Höhne
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Aurelie Edwards
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julia Binz-Lotter
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Dervla Reilly
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Robert Hahnfeldt
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Vera Ziegler
- Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Fremter
- Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Markus M Rinschen
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Mass Spectrometry and Metabolomics, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Martin Helmstädter
- Department of Medicine IV, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, and Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg,, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lena K Ebert
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hayo Castrop
- Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Matthias J Hackl
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gerd Walz
- Department of Medicine IV, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, and Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg,, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Paul T Brinkkoetter
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Max C Liebau
- Department of Pediatrics and Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kálmán Tory
- MTA-SE Lendület Nephrogenetic Laboratory, 1st Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter F Hoyer
- University Children's Hospital, Clinic for Pediatrics II, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Bodo B Beck
- Institute of Human Genetics and Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Hans Blom
- Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bernhard Schermer
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- CECAD, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Benzing
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- CECAD, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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147
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Khokhar M, Roy D, Modi A, Agarwal R, Yadav D, Purohit P, Sharma P. Perspectives on the role of PTEN in diabetic nephropathy: an update. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2020; 57:470-483. [PMID: 32306805 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2020.1746735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is a potent tumor suppressor gene that antagonizes the proto-oncogenic phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway and governs basic cellular metabolic processes. Recently, its role in cell growth, metabolism, architecture, and motility as an intramolecular and regulatory mediator has gained widespread research interest as it applies to non-tumorous diseases, such as insulin resistance (IR) and diabetic nephropathy (DN). DN is characterized by renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF) and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and PTEN plays a significant role in the regulation of both. Epigenetics and microRNAs (miRNAs) are novel players in post-transcriptional regulation and research evidence demonstrates that they reduce the expression of PTEN by acting as key regulators of autophagy and TIF through activation of the Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. These regulatory processes might play an important role in solving the complexities of DN pathogenesis and IR, as well as the therapeutic management of DN with the help of PTEN K27-linked polyubiquitination. Currently, there are no comprehensive reviews citing the role PTEN plays in the development of DN and its regulation via miRNA and epigenetic modifications. The present review explores these facets of PTEN in the pathogenesis of IR and DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Khokhar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Dipayan Roy
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Anupama Modi
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Riddhi Agarwal
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Dharmveer Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Purvi Purohit
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Praveen Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
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148
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Kravets I, Mallipattu SK. The Role of Podocytes and Podocyte-Associated Biomarkers in Diagnosis and Treatment of Diabetic Kidney Disease. J Endocr Soc 2020; 4:bvaa029. [PMID: 32232184 PMCID: PMC7093089 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvaa029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is an important public health problem. Podocyte injury is a central event in the mechanism of DKD development. Podocytes are terminally differentiated, highly specialized glomerular visceral epithelial cells critical for the maintenance of the glomerular filtration barrier. Although potential mechanisms by which diabetic milieu contributes to irreversible loss of podocytes have been described, identification of markers that prognosticate either the development of DKD or the progression to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) have only recently made it to the forefront. Currently, the most common marker of early DKD is microalbuminuria; however, this marker has significant limitations: not all diabetic patients with microalbuminuria will progress to ESKD and as many as 30% of patients with DKD have normal urine albumin levels. Several novel biomarkers indicating glomerular or tubular damage precede microalbuminuria, suggesting that the latter develops when significant kidney injury has already occurred. Because podocyte injury plays a key role in DKD pathogenesis, identification of markers of early podocyte injury or loss may play an important role in the early diagnosis of DKD. Such biomarkers in the urine include podocyte-released microparticles as well as expression of podocyte-specific markers. Here, we review the mechanisms by which podocyte injury contributes to DKD as well as key markers that have been recently implicated in the development and/or progression of DKD and might serve to identify individuals that require earlier preventative care and treatment in order to slow the progression to ESKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Kravets
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Sandeep K Mallipattu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
- Renal Section, Northport VA Medical Center, Northport, NY
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149
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Atchison DK, O'Connor CL, Menon R, Otto EA, Ganesh SK, Wiggins RC, Smrcka AV, Bitzer M. Hypertension induces glomerulosclerosis in phospholipase C-ε1 deficiency. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 318:F1177-F1187. [PMID: 32223311 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00541.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations in phospholipase C-ε1 (PLCE1) have been detected in patients with nephrotic syndrome, but other family members with the same mutation were asymptomatic, suggesting additional stressor are required to cause the full phenotype. Consistent with these observations, we determined that global Plce1-deficient mice have histologically normal glomeruli and no albuminuria at baseline. Angiotensin II (ANG II) is known to induce glomerular damage in genetically susceptible individuals. Therefore, we tested whether ANG II enhances glomerular damage in Plce1-deficient mice. ANG II increased blood pressure equally in Plce1-deficient and wild-type littermates. Additionally, it led to 20-fold increased albuminuria and significantly more sclerotic glomeruli in Plce1-deficient mice compared with wild-type littermates. Furthermore, Plce1-deficient mice demonstrated diffuse mesangial expansion, podocyte loss, and focal podocyte foot process effacement. To determine whether these effects are mediated by hypertension and hyperfiltration, rather than directly through ANG II, we raised blood pressure to a similar level using DOCA + salt + uninephrectomy and norepinephrine. This caused a fivefold increase in albuminuria in Plce1-deficient mice and a significant increase in the number of sclerotic glomeruli. Consistent with previous findings in mice, we detected strong PLCE1 transcript expression in podocytes using single cell sequencing of human kidney tissue. In hemagglutinin-tagged Plce1 transgenic mice, Plce1 was detected in podocytes and also in glomerular arterioles using immunohistochemistry. Our data demonstrate that Plce1 deficiency in mice predisposes to glomerular damage secondary to hypertensive insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas K Atchison
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Christopher L O'Connor
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Rajasree Menon
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Edgar A Otto
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Santhi K Ganesh
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Roger C Wiggins
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Alan V Smrcka
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Markus Bitzer
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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150
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Naik AS, Afshinnia F, Aqeel J, Cibrik DM, Samaniego M, Wickman L, Wang SQ, Chowdhury M, Wiggins RC. Accelerated podocyte detachment early after kidney transplantation is related to long-term allograft loss of function. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2020; 34:1232-1239. [PMID: 30500951 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfy350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kidney allograft half-life has not improved despite excellent short-term survival. Recent long-term surveillance biopsy studies identify accumulating glomerulosclerosis (GS) to be associated with late allograft loss. While podocyte depletion is well known to drive proteinuria and GS in animal models and human glomerular diseases, its role in renal allograft loss of function is generally not recognized. METHODS To address these questions, we collected urine from 125 kidney allograft recipients in the first posttransplant year for urine pellet messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein analysis, with a median follow up of 4.5 years. RESULTS Using multivariable linear models adjusted for proteinuria, transplant, recipient and donor factors, we observed that the average urine pellet podocin mRNA normalized to urine creatinine (UPodCR) in the first posttransplant year was significantly associated with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline (P = 0.001). The relationship between UPodCR and eGFR decline persisted even among recipients who were nonproteinuric and who had no recurrent or de novo glomerular disease identified on 1-year protocol biopsy. Finally, we identified recipient, donor and recipient:donor body surface area mismatch ratio to be independently associated with UPodCR early after transplantation. A larger donor was protective, while a larger recipient and increased recipient:donor size mismatch ratio were associated with increased UPodCR. CONCLUSIONS These findings support the concept that in kidney allografts, accelerated podocyte loss precedes proteinuria and is associated with inferior long-term allograft outcomes as measured by eGFR decline and may be initiated by recipient:donor size mismatch. Modulating factors driving early podocyte detachment after kidney transplantation may help improve long-term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit S Naik
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Farsad Afshinnia
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jawad Aqeel
- College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Diane M Cibrik
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | | | - Larysa Wickman
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Su Q Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mahboob Chowdhury
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Roger C Wiggins
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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