101
|
Wu Y, Jiang Y, Liu Q, Liu CZ. lncRNA H19 promotes matrix mineralization through up-regulating IGF1 by sponging miR-185-5p in osteoblasts. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2019; 20:48. [PMID: 31718549 PMCID: PMC6852999 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-019-0230-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Matrix mineralization is a key stage in bone formation involving in many bone-specific genes and signaling pathways. Emerging evidence indicate that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and microRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial roles in regulating the mineralization process of osteoblasts. This study aims to characterize the function and mechanism of lncRNA H19/miR-185-5p/IGF1 axis in modulating matrix mineralization of osteoblasts. Results H19 and IGF1 were highly expressed while miR-185-5p was lowly expressed in mineralized cells. Knocking down H19 inhibited matrix mineralization of osteoblasts, yet miR-185-5p had opposite effects. Moreover, H19 directly targeted miR-185-5p, whereas miR-185-5p repressed IGF1 expression. Meanwhile, miR-185-5p inhibition compensated the suppression of the matrix mineralization in osteoblasts by H19 knockdown. Conclusions The findings of this study showed that lncRNA H19 was upregulated in mineralized osteoblasts and promoted matrix mineralization through miR-185-5p/IGF1 axis in osteoblasts for the first time. This study may provide a new perspective for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases related to bone metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wu
- Department of General Practice, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, No.61, Jiefang West Road, Changsha, 410006, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Institute of Emergency Medicine, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Metabonomics, Changsha, 410006, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, People's Republic of China
| | - Cui-Zhong Liu
- Department of General Practice, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, No.61, Jiefang West Road, Changsha, 410006, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
102
|
Yu GJ, Sun Y, Zhang DW, Zhang P. Long non-coding RNA HOTAIR functions as a competitive endogenous RNA to regulate PRAF2 expression by sponging miR-326 in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:270. [PMID: 31649487 PMCID: PMC6805682 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0992-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background LncRNAs may exert a regulatory effect in tumorigenesis. Although the expression of lncRNA HOTAIR has been confirmed to be notably elevated in the tissues of CSCC, its biological mechanism in CSCC is still unknown. Methods HOTAIR expression level in CSCC cell lines was monitored via qRT-PCR. Then CCK-8 assay, Transwell assay and EdU assay were adopted to detect cell migration and proliferation. Meanwhile, through bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter gene detection, a new target of HOTAIR was identified. Additionally, Western blotting and RIP analysis were adopted to discuss the possible mechanism. Results HOTAIR expression in CSCC cell lines exhibited an obvious elevation. Cell function analysis revealed that HOTAIR overexpression remarkably facilitated CSCC cell migration, proliferation and EMT process, which were impeded by down-regulation of HOTAIR. Furthermore, HOTAIR competitively bound to miR-326, so as to positively modulate miR-326 expression. Conclusions These results present that HOTAIR, as a ceRNA, regulates PRAF2 expression by competitive binding to miR-326 during CSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Jun Yu
- 1Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 6 Beijing Xi Road, Huaian, 223300 Jiangsu China
| | - Yong Sun
- 1Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 6 Beijing Xi Road, Huaian, 223300 Jiangsu China
| | - Da-Wei Zhang
- 1Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 6 Beijing Xi Road, Huaian, 223300 Jiangsu China
| | - Peng Zhang
- 2Department of ICU, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, Jiangsu China
| |
Collapse
|
103
|
Liang X, Xu C, Cao X, Wang W. Isovitexin Suppresses Cancer Stemness Property And Induces Apoptosis Of Osteosarcoma Cells By Disruption Of The DNMT1/miR-34a/Bcl-2 Axis. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:8923-8936. [PMID: 31686915 PMCID: PMC6800563 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s222708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isovitexin (apigenin-6-C-glucoside, ISOV) is a natural flavonoid that exhibits tumor suppressive activity on various types of cancer. However, it is unknown whether the mechanism of its action in osteosarcoma (OS) is associated with epigenetic regulation and whether it involves DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), microRNAs and their targets. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present study investigated the effects of ISOV on DNMT1 activation and miR-34a and Bcl-2 expression levels in order to explain the mechanism underlying ISOV-mediated repression of proliferation and stemness. In addition, the induction of apoptosis in the spheres derived from OS cells was investigated. RESULTS The results indicated that ISOV significantly repressed survival, induced apoptosis and decreased the level of CD133, CD44, ABCG2 and ALDH1 mRNA in the spheres derived from U2OS (U2OS-SC) and MG63 cells (MG63-SC). ISOV further reduced the sphere formation rate of U2OS-SC and MG63-SC. It is important to noted that, ISOV inhibited tumor growth and reduced tumor size of U2OS-SC xenografts in nude mice, which was accompanied by decreased CD133 protein levels, elevated apoptotic index, downregulation of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression, reduced DNMT1 activity and expression, increased miR-34a and decreased Bcl-2 levels. We identified that Bcl-2 as a direct functional target of miR-34a. Furthermore, ISOV exhibited a synergistic effect with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, the miR-34a mimic or ABT-263 in order to repress cell survival, induce apoptosis, downregulate CD133, CD44, ABCG2 and ALDH1 mRNA expression levels and reduce sphere formation rates of U2OS-SC and MG63-SC cells. CONCLUSION The findings suggested that ISOV-mediated epigenetic regulation involved the DNMT1/miR-34a/Bcl-2 axis and caused the suppression of stemness and induction of apoptosis in the spheres derived from OS cells. The data indicated that ISOV exhibited a novel efficient potential for the treatment of OS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan410011, China
| | - Chang Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha410013, China
| | - Xiaocheng Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha410013, China
| | - Wanchun Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan410011, China
| |
Collapse
|
104
|
Wang P, Peng X, Zhang J, Wang Z, Meng J, Cen B, Ji A, He S. LncRNA-135528 inhibits tumor progression by up-regulating CXCL10 through the JAK/STAT pathway. Apoptosis 2019; 23:651-666. [PMID: 30232656 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-018-1482-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Spontaneous tumor regression can be observed in many tumors, however, studies related to the altered expression of lncRNA in spontaneous glioma regression are limited, and the potential contributions of lncRNAs to spontaneous glioma regression remain unknown. To investigate the biological roles of lncRNA-135528 in spontaneous glioma regression. The cDNA fragment of lncRNA-135528 was obtained by rapid-amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) technology and cloned into the plvx-mcmv-zsgreen-puro vector. Additionally, we stably silenced or overexpressed lncRNA-135528 in G422 cells by transfecting with siRNA against lncRNA-135528 or lncRNA-135528 overexpression plasmid. Then, we examined lncRNA-135528 overexpressing and lncRNA-135528 silencing on glioma cells and its effects on CXCL10 and JAK/STAT pathways. The main findings indicated that lncRNA-135528 promoted glioma cell apoptosis, inhibited cell proliferation and arrested cell cycle progression; the up-regulation of lncRNA135528 led to significantly increased CXCL10 levels and the differential expression of mRNA associated with JAK/STAT pathway in glioma cells. lncRNA-135528 can inhibit tumor progression by up-regulating CXCL10 through the JAK/STAT pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510900, China
| | - Xiaobin Peng
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510900, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510900, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Jiaxue Meng
- Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Bohong Cen
- Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Aimin Ji
- Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Shuai He
- Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| |
Collapse
|
105
|
Zhang Y, Zhu Z, Huang S, Zhao Q, Huang C, Tang Y, Sun C, Zhang Z, Wang L, Chen H, Chen M, Ju W, He X. lncRNA XIST regulates proliferation and migration of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by acting as miR-497-5p molecular sponge and targeting PDCD4. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:198. [PMID: 31384173 PMCID: PMC6664491 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0909-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a pivotal role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression and have been confirmed to participate in the carcinogenesis and development of HCC. However, the relationship between miR-497-5p and HCC remains unclear. METHODS Kaplan-Meier curve analysis and the log-rank test were used to investigate the efficacy of miR-497-5p on overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in patients with HCC. According to in vitro experiments, programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) was a target of miR-497-5p by the dual-luciferase activity assay. The efficacy of PDCD4 on cell proliferation and metastasis in HCC was examined by transwell assays, CCK-8 assays and reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Additionally, we conducted a luciferase activity reporter assay to confirm the interaction between lncRNA XIST and miR-49-5p. Then, to evaluate the relationship between lncRNA XIST and miR-497-5p, several mechanistic experiments, including qRT-PCR, Western blotting, transwell assays and tumor xenograft assays, were performed. RESULTS miR-497-5p was upregulated in HCC tissues, and high expression of miR-497-5p resulted in increases in tumor size and tumor number and a higher tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage and Edmondson grade in patients with HCC. Silencing miR-497-5p inhibited the proliferation and migration of HCC cells. PDCD4, which was downregulated in HCC tissues, was shown to be a target of miR-497-5p and was negatively correlated with the expression of miR-497-5p. lncRNA XIST was found to act as a miR-497-5p sponge and to regulate the level of PDCD4, which is targeted by miR-497-5p. lncRNA XIST was observed to be downregulated in the HCC tissues and positively correlated with the expression of PDCD4. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal that the XIST/miR-497-5p/PDCD4 axis participates in HCC development and that XIST could be used as a biomarker of HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yixi Zhang
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080 China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zebin Zhu
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080 China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001 Anhui China
| | - Shanzhou Huang
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080 China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080 China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changjun Huang
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080 China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunhua Tang
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080 China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengjun Sun
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080 China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiheng Zhang
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080 China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linhe Wang
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080 China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huadi Chen
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080 China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Maogen Chen
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080 China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiqiang Ju
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080 China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoshun He
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080 China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
106
|
Du Y, Sun J, Liu X, Nan J, Qin X, Wang X, Guo J, Zhao C, Yang J. TGF-β2 antagonizes IL-6-promoted cell survival. Mol Cell Biochem 2019; 461:119-126. [PMID: 31359244 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-019-03595-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta is a key cytokine involved in the pathogenesis of fibrosis in many organs, whereas interleukin-6 plays an important role in the regulation of inflammation. They are both potent angiogenesis inducers with opposite effects on cell survival and apoptosis. TGF-β2 induces apoptosis; in contrast, IL-6 protects cells from apoptosis. The possible interaction between these two cytokines is indicated in various disease states. In this study, we have assessed the effect of TGF-β2 on IL-6 signaling and found that TGF-β2 could strongly inhibit IL-6-induced STAT3 activation and synergy with IL-6 resulting in enhanced SOCS3 expression. Interestingly, IL-6 also slows down the decay of TGF-β2 mRNA. Consistent with this mechanism, we found that TGF-β2 could antagonize IL-6 effect on cell survival in both γ-irradiation and UV light-induced apoptosis. Taken together, the finding shows that TGF-β2 serves as a negative regulator of IL-6 signaling and antagonizes the anti-apoptosis effect of IL-6.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Du
- School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 73000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjie Sun
- School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 73000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinning Liu
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Nan
- School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 73000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Qin
- School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 73000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Wang
- School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 73000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jihui Guo
- School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 73000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenyang Zhao
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jinbo Yang
- School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 73000, Gansu, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
107
|
Cui S, Tang J, Wang S, Li L. Kaempferol protects lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory injury in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) by regulation of miR-203. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 115:108888. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
|
108
|
Li B, Wang W, Miao S, Li G, Lv Y, Xiang C, Pei R. HOXA11-AS promotes the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma by targeting the miR-518a-3p/PDK1 axis. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:140. [PMID: 31139017 PMCID: PMC6530053 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0838-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are promising therapeutic molecules of cancer. Here we aim to study the therapeutic effect and mechanism of a lncRNA, HOXA11-AS, in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methods OSCC tissues and adjacent matched paraneoplastic normal tissues used in this study were collected from 42 OSCC patients. The significant downregulation or upregulation of HOXA11-AS expression in OSCC cells was confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Bioinformatics analysis of StarBase were performed to investigate the potential microRNAs mediated by HOXA11-AS. HOXA11-AS-transfected cells or control cells were subcutaneously injected into nude mice to further determine the effects of HOXA11-AS on OSCC progression in vivo. Results qRT-PCR analysis indicated that HOXA11-AS expression was significantly upregulated in OSCC tissues. Functional studies revealed that HOXA11-AS significantly promotes cell proliferation, reduces the percentage of G0/G1 phase cells and enhances the cell invasion in OSCC. Bioinformatics analysis suggested that a microRNA (miRNA), miR-518a-3p, is as a target of HOXA11-AS. Alteration of miR-518a-3p levels by HOXA11-AS transduced to changes in PDK1 expression. In a mouse model of OSCC, HOXA11-AS overexpression promoted tumor growth, concomitant with reduced miR-518a-3p expression and increased PDK1 expression. Conclusion Taken together, our study demonstrates that HOXA11-AS/miR-518a-3p/PDK1 axis is an important regulator of OSCC progression and may serve as a potential therapeutic target in OSCC. HARMU20150128, registered at Jan, 28 2018.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baojun Li
- 1Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Tumour Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081 Heilongjiang People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- 2Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang People's Republic of China
| | - Susheng Miao
- 1Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Tumour Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081 Heilongjiang People's Republic of China
| | - Guofu Li
- 3Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Tumour Hospital, Harbin Medical University, No. 150 Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081 Heilongjiang People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanjing Lv
- 3Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Tumour Hospital, Harbin Medical University, No. 150 Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081 Heilongjiang People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Xiang
- 3Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Tumour Hospital, Harbin Medical University, No. 150 Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081 Heilongjiang People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Pei
- 3Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Tumour Hospital, Harbin Medical University, No. 150 Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081 Heilongjiang People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
109
|
Lin B, Feng D, Xu J. Cardioprotective effects of microRNA-18a on acute myocardial infarction by promoting cardiomyocyte autophagy and suppressing cellular senescence via brain derived neurotrophic factor. Cell Biosci 2019; 9:38. [PMID: 31168354 PMCID: PMC6509849 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-019-0297-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prevention of cardiovascular diseases is a matter of great concern, of which acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains one of the leading causes of death resulting in high morbidity worldwide. Emerging evidence highlights the importance of microRNAs (miRNAs) as functional regulators in cardiovascular disease. In this study, an AMI rat model was established in order to investigate the effect of miR-18a on cardiomyocyte autophagy and senescence in AMI and the underlying mechanism. Methods In the present study, an AMI model was induced by ligating the anterior descending branch of left coronary artery in Wistar rats. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was introduced for exploration on the relationship between miR-18a and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). The gain- and loss-of-function experiments were performed to elucidate miR-18a and BDNF effects on cell autophagy and senescence in AMI by transfecting hypoxia-exposed H9c2 cells with miR-18a inhibitor or mimic, siRNA against BDNF, or hypoxia-exposed H9c2 cell treatment with an agonist of the Akt/mTOR axis (LM22B-10). Results Upregulation of miR-18a was found in AMI, while downregulation was present in BDNF to activate the Akt/mTOR axis. Compared with the miR-18a inhibitor group, the expression of p-Akt and p-mTOR increased and the number of senescent cells increased in the miR-18a inhibitor + LM22B-10 group, and the expression of Beclin1, LC3-II, p62 decreased and autophagy decreased (all p < 0.05). Furthermore, this could be rescued by knocking down BDNF or Akt/mTOR axis activation by LM22B-10. Conclusion All in all, downregulation of miR-18a could promote BDNF expression, which offers protection against AMI by inactivating the Akt/mTOR axis, highlighting a promising therapeutic strategy for AMI treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Lin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan People's Republic of China
| | - Deguang Feng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
110
|
Gao G, Xiu D, Yang B, Sun D, Wei X, Ding Y, Ma Y, Wang Z. miR-129-5p inhibits prostate cancer proliferation via targeting ETV1. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:3531-3544. [PMID: 31190859 PMCID: PMC6512784 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s183435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prostate cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed diseases in males. Methods RT-qPCR was used to detect miR-129-5p expression in tumor tissues and adjacent normal tissues from patients with prostate cancer. The cell proliferation assay and colony forming assay were used to study the role of miR-129-5p in mediating prostate cancer cell growth. Bioinformatic analysis and dual luciferase assay were performed to predict and confirm ETV1 as a target gene of miR-129-5p. Results We found that miR-129-5p levels were decreased significantly in human prostate cancer tissues compared with matched normal tissues from patients with prostate cancer. Overexpression of miR-129-5p suppressed prostate cancer cell growth while antagonist of miR-129-5p promoted cell proliferation in immortal prostate cell line RWPE-1. In addition, elevation of miR-129-5p decreased ETV1 expression in prostate cancer cells while downregulation of miR-129-5p increased ETV1 expression in RWPE-1. Mechanistically, ETV1 is confirmed a direct target of miR-129-5p in prostate cancer cells. Through repression of ETV1 expression, miR-129-5p could inactivate YAP signaling in prostate cancer cells. In addition, overexpression of ETV1 attenuated miR-129-5p induced cell proliferation in prostate cancer cells. Correlation analysis further revealed that there was a negative correlation between miR-129-5p levels and ETV1 mRNA levels in tumor tissues from patients with prostate cancer. Conclusion Our results identified miR-129-5p as a tumor suppressor in prostate cancer via repression of ETV1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ge Gao
- Department of Pathology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Dianhui Xiu
- Department of Radiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Daju Sun
- Department of Pathology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Xin Wei
- Department of Urology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China,
| | - Youpeng Ding
- Department of Urology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China,
| | - Yanan Ma
- Department of Urology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China,
| | - Zhixin Wang
- Department of Urology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China,
| |
Collapse
|
111
|
Bahiraee A, Ebrahimi R, Halabian R, Aghabozorgi AS, Amani J. The role of inflammation and its related microRNAs in breast cancer: A narrative review. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:19480-19493. [PMID: 31025369 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is recognized as the most common type of cancer among women with a high rate of mortality all over the world. Over the past years, growing attention has been regarded to realize more about the mechanisms underlying the disease process. It is revealed that the progression of breast cancer may be strongly linked to chronic inflammation owing to the role of inflammatory factors in genetic instability and subsequent cancer predisposition. Although the association between breast cancer and inflammatory pathways has been well-defined now, only recent evidence pointed towards the inflammation-related microRNAs (miRNAs) as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets involved in the crosstalk of multiple pathways during breast cancer development. Moreover, the practical interactions between these miRNAs and inflammatory factors are also a little characterized. In this review, we intended to describe the effects of predominant inflammatory pathways such as cytokines, phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B, and nuclear factor kappa B in association with tumor promoting and tumor suppressing miRNAs on breast cancer progression. Providing new studies in the field of combining biomarkers for early diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring breast cancer are very important. Notably, understanding the underlying mechanisms of miRNAs as a possible link between inflammation and tumorigenesis may offer a novel insight for combating this epidemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Bahiraee
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reyhane Ebrahimi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Raheleh Halabian
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirsaeed Sabeti Aghabozorgi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Jafar Amani
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
112
|
Sahranavardfard P, Firouzi J, Azimi M, Khosravani P, Heydari R, Emami Razavi A, Dorraj M, Keighobadi F, Ebrahimi M. MicroRNA-203 reinforces stemness properties in melanoma and augments tumorigenesis in vivo. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:20193-20205. [PMID: 31016725 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
One of the challenges encountered in microRNA (miRNA) studies is to observe their dual role in different conditions and cells. This leads to a tougher prediction of their behavior as gene expression regulators. miR-203 has been identified to play a negative role in the progression of malignant melanoma; however, it has been reported, with dual effect, as both an oncomiR and tumor suppressor miRNA in some malignancies, such as breast cancer, meanwhile, the role of miR-203 in melanoma stem cells or even metastatic cells is unclear. In the present study, after observation of upregulation of miR-203 in melanoma patient's serum and also melanospheres as cancer stem cells model, we examined its overexpression on the stemness potential and migration ability of melanoma cells. Our data demonstrated that the increased miR-203 level was significantly associated with significant increase in the ability of proliferation, colony and spheres formation, migration, and tumorigenesis in A375 and NA8 cells. All of these changes were associated with enhancement of BRAF, several epithelial to mesenchymal transition factors, and stemness genes. In conclusion, our results clearly determined that miR-203 could be down-regulateddownregulated in melanoma tissues but be overexpressed in melanoma stem cells. It has an important role as oncomiR and promote repopulation, tumorigenicity, self-renewal, and migration. Therefore, we suggested overexpression of miR-203 as biomarker for early detection of metastasis. However, more studies are needed to validate our data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Sahranavardfard
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Firouzi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Azimi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pardis Khosravani
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Raheleh Heydari
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Andrology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirnader Emami Razavi
- Iran National Tumor Bank, The cancer institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshad Dorraj
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Keighobadi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Ebrahimi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
113
|
Ouyang S, Zhou X, Chen Z, Wang M, Zheng X, Xie M. LncRNA BCAR4, targeting to miR-665/STAT3 signaling, maintains cancer stem cells stemness and promotes tumorigenicity in colorectal cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:72. [PMID: 30962766 PMCID: PMC6438025 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0784-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance 4 (BCAR4) is closely associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) initiation and propagation. However, the mechanisms underlying BCAR4 function in colon cancer remains largely unknown. In this study, we hypothesized that BCAR4 could regulate colon cancer stem/initiating cells (CSC) function and further facilitates the colon cancer progression. Methods qRT-PCR was used to examine the expression of BCAR4 and various CSC markers. FACS, acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity and western blot assays were applicable to test the expression of CSC markers. CCK8, tumorsphere formation and transwell assays were adopted to examine the capacity of CRC cells proliferation, self-renewal and migration. Pull down assay was used to test the interaction between BCAR4 and miR-665. Luciferase reporter assay was used to examine the interaction of miR-665 and activators of transcription (STAT3). In vivo tumor xenograft study was used to verify the malignancy of CRC cells with inhibition of BCAR4. Results Breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance 4 was highly expressed in both CRC cells and stem/initiating cells. In addition, overexpression of BCAR4 facilitated the maintenance of ALDH positive cells (a type of cancer stem/initiating cells) stemness and promoted ALDH+ cells proliferation and migration. Inhibition of BCAR4 restricted ALDH+ cells proliferation and migration. We further proved that miR-665 was the target of BCAR4 and subsequently activated signal transducers and STAT3 signaling which is an important pathway in cancer stem cells self-renewal. Conclusions Breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance 4 promotes the CRC cells stemness through targeting to miR-665/STAT3 signaling and identification of the BCAR4 in CRC stem cells provides a new insight into CRC diagnosis, treatment, prognosis and next-step translational investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shurui Ouyang
- Department of Gastrointestinal, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Huichuan Area, Dalian Road 149, Zunyi, 563000 Guizhou Province China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Huichuan Area, Dalian Road 149, Zunyi, 563000 Guizhou Province China
| | - Zhengquan Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Huichuan Area, Dalian Road 149, Zunyi, 563000 Guizhou Province China
| | - Maijian Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Huichuan Area, Dalian Road 149, Zunyi, 563000 Guizhou Province China
| | - Xinbin Zheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Huichuan Area, Dalian Road 149, Zunyi, 563000 Guizhou Province China
| | - Ming Xie
- Department of Gastrointestinal, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Huichuan Area, Dalian Road 149, Zunyi, 563000 Guizhou Province China
| |
Collapse
|
114
|
Shen Z, Zhang C, Qu L, Lu C, Xiao M, Ni R, Liu J. MKP-4 suppresses hepatocarcinogenesis by targeting ERK1/2 pathway. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:61. [PMID: 30923463 PMCID: PMC6423746 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0776-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatases-4 (MKP-4) is reported to exert a prognostic merit in hepatocarcinogenesis. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms have not been clearly defined. Methods Immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry (IP-MS) approach was used to identify interactive proteins with MKP-4. Western blot and immunohistochemistry were employed to detect proteins in HCC tissues. Cell counting kit-8, colony formation, Edu incorporation and sphere formation assays were performed to investigate functions of MKP-4/ERK1/2 interaction. Tumor xenografts in nude mice were used to determine effects in vivo. Results Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) were identified as binding partners of MKP-4. Knockdown of MKP-4 increased cell proliferation and cancer stem cell (CSC) traits while upregulation of MKP-4 or pre-incubation with ERK1/2 inhibition reversed these effects. Mechanistically MKP-4 negatively regulated phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and reduced expressions of CyclinD1 and c-Myc. Both xenograft tumor models and clinical analysis of HCC patients indicated that lower expression of MKP-4 and higher expressions of ERK1/2 were associated with worse prognosis. Conclusions MKP-4-mediated dephosphorylation of ERK1/2 might serve as a novel tumor-suppressive mechanism and provide a potential therapy for HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyi Shen
- 1Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001 Jiangsu People's Republic of China.,2Clinical Medicine Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Chengliang Zhang
- 2Clinical Medicine Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Lishuai Qu
- 1Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001 Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Cuihua Lu
- 1Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001 Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Mingbing Xiao
- 1Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001 Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Runzhou Ni
- 1Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001 Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Jinxia Liu
- 1Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001 Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
115
|
Xu JZ, Shao CC, Wang XJ, Zhao X, Chen JQ, Ouyang YX, Feng J, Zhang F, Huang WH, Ying Q, Chen CF, Wei XL, Dong HY, Zhang GJ, Chen M. circTADA2As suppress breast cancer progression and metastasis via targeting miR-203a-3p/SOCS3 axis. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:175. [PMID: 30787278 PMCID: PMC6382814 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1382-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
More and more evidence indicates that circular RNAs (circRNAs) have important roles in several diseases, especially in cancers. However, their involvement remains to be investigated in breast cancer. Through screening circRNA profile, we identified 235 differentially expressed circRNAs in breast cancer. Subsequently, we explored the clinical significance of two circTADA2As in a large cohort of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), and performed functional analysis of circTADA2A-E6 in vitro and in vivo to support clinical findings. Finally, we evaluated the effect of circTADA2A-E6 on miR-203a-3p and its target gene SOCS3. We detected two circRNAs, circTADA2A-E6 and circTADA2A-E5/E6, which were among the top five differentially expressed circRNAs in breast cancer. They were consistently and significantly decreased in a large cohort of breast cancer patients, and their downregulation was associated with poor patient survival for TNBC. Especially, circTADA2A-E6 suppressed in vitro cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and clonogenicity and possessed tumor-suppressor capability. circTADA2A-E6 preferentially acted as a miR-203a-3p sponge to restore the expression of miRNA target gene SOCS3, resulting in a less aggressive oncogenic phenotype. circTADA2As as promising prognostic biomarkers in TNBC patients, and therapeutic targeting of circTADA2As/miRNA/mRNA network may be a potential strategy for the treatment of breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Zhen Xu
- Department of Bioinformatics, Shantou University Medical College (SUMC), 515041, Shantou, China.
| | - Chang-Chun Shao
- ChangJiang Scholar's Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, 515041, Shantou, China
| | - Xiao-Jia Wang
- Key Lab of Diagnosis & Treatment Technology on Thoracic Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, 310000, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xing Zhao
- Department of Bioinformatics, Shantou University Medical College (SUMC), 515041, Shantou, China
| | - Jun-Qing Chen
- Key Lab of Diagnosis & Treatment Technology on Thoracic Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, 310000, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Xiu Ouyang
- ChangJiang Scholar's Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, 515041, Shantou, China
| | - Jun Feng
- ChangJiang Scholar's Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, 515041, Shantou, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 515041, Shantou, China
| | - Wen-He Huang
- The Breast Center, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 515041, Shantou, China
| | - Qian Ying
- Key Lab of Diagnosis & Treatment Technology on Thoracic Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, 310000, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chun-Fa Chen
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 515041, Shantou, China
| | - Xiao-Long Wei
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 515041, Shantou, China
| | - Hong-Yan Dong
- Department of Pathology, Linyi People's Hospital, 276000, Linyi, China
| | - Guo-Jun Zhang
- ChangJiang Scholar's Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, 515041, Shantou, China.
- The Breast Center, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 515041, Shantou, China.
- The Cancer Center, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, 2000 Xiang'an East Rd., 361111, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
| | - Min Chen
- ChangJiang Scholar's Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, 515041, Shantou, China.
- The Cancer Center, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, 2000 Xiang'an East Rd., 361111, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
| |
Collapse
|
116
|
El Bezawy R, Tinelli S, Tortoreto M, Doldi V, Zuco V, Folini M, Stucchi C, Rancati T, Valdagni R, Gandellini P, Zaffaroni N. miR-205 enhances radiation sensitivity of prostate cancer cells by impairing DNA damage repair through PKCε and ZEB1 inhibition. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:51. [PMID: 30717752 PMCID: PMC6360656 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1060-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiotherapy is one of the main treatment options for non-metastatic prostate cancer (PCa). Although treatment technical optimization has greatly improved local tumor control, a considerable fraction of patients still experience relapse due to the development of resistance. Radioresistance is a complex and still poorly understood phenomenon involving the deregulation of a variety of signaling pathways as a consequence of several genetic and epigenetic abnormalities. In this context, cumulative evidence supports a functional role of microRNAs in affecting radioresistance, suggesting the modulation of their expression as a novel radiosensitizing approach. Here, we investigated for the first time the ability of miR-205 to enhance the radiation response of PCa models. METHODS miR-205 reconstitution by a miRNA mimic in PCa cell lines (DU145 and PC-3) was used to elucidate miR-205 biological role. Radiation response in miRNA-reconstituted and control cells was assessed by clonogenic assay, immunofluorescence-based detection of nuclear γ-H2AX foci and comet assay. RNAi was used to silence the miRNA targets PKCε or ZEB1. In addition, target-protection experiments were carried out using a custom oligonucleotide designed to physically disrupt the pairing between the miR-205 and PKCε. For in vivo experiments, xenografts generated in SCID mice by implanting DU145 cells stably expressing miR-205 were exposed to 5-Gy single dose irradiation using an image-guided animal micro-irradiator. RESULTS miR-205 reconstitution was able to significantly enhance the radiation response of prostate cancer cell lines and xenografts through the impairment of radiation-induced DNA damage repair, as a consequence of PKCε and ZEB1 inhibition. Indeed, phenocopy experiments based on knock-down of either PKCε or ZEB1 reproduced miR-205 radiosensitizing effect, hence confirming a functional role of both targets in the process. At the molecular level, miR-205-induced suppression of PKCε counteracted radioresistance through the impairment of EGFR nuclear translocation and the consequent DNA-PK activation. Consistently, disruption of miR-205-PKCε 3'UTR pairing almost completely abrogated the radiosensitizing effect. CONCLUSIONS Our results uncovered the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the radiosensitizing effect of miR-205. These findings support the clinical interest in developing a novel therapeutic approach based on miR-205 reconstitution to increase PCa response to radiotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rihan El Bezawy
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Stella Tinelli
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Tortoreto
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Doldi
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Zuco
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Folini
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Stucchi
- Medical Physics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Tiziana Rancati
- Prostate Cancer Program, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Valdagni
- Prostate Cancer Program, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy.,Radiation Oncology 1 Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Gandellini
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Nadia Zaffaroni
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
117
|
Wei W, Huo B, Shi X. miR-600 inhibits lung cancer via downregulating the expression of METTL3. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:1177-1187. [PMID: 30774445 PMCID: PMC6362936 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s181058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Methyltransferase like 3 (METTL3) is an RNA methyltransferase implicated in mRNA biogenesis, decay, and translation control through N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification. Methods To find new treatment strategies for lung cancer and to elucidate the mechanism underlying the phenomenon, we treated the human lung cancer cell lines A549 and H1299 to investigate the effect of METTL3 on lung cancer. Results We observed that knockdown of METTL3 inhibited the survival and proliferation of A549 and H1299 cells. The migration and proliferation of both cell lines were significantly decreased, and the apoptosis was induced in comparison with control cells. These results were further confirmed by the transfection of miRNA of METTL3 increased the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in A549 and H1299 cells, which is a sign that mitochondrial apoptotic pathway was triggered. The PI3K/Akt pathway is implicated in cell growth and survival and we also observed that knockdown of METTL3 changed the expression and phosphorylation of proteins of PI3K signaling pathway members. Further, our results demonstrated that miR-600 inhibited the expression of METTL3 and reversed the positive effect of METTL3 on NSCLC progression, indicating an miR-600/METTL3 pathway in NSCLC. Conclusion These data suggested that miR-600 inhibited lung cancer via down-regulating METTL3 expression, and knockdown of METTL3 might be used as a novel strategy for lung cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Wei
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Dongying, Guangrao City, Shandong Province 257335, People's Republic of China,
| | - Baosheng Huo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Dongying, Guangrao City, Shandong Province 257335, People's Republic of China,
| | - Xiulan Shi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Dongying, Guangrao City, Shandong Province 257335, People's Republic of China,
| |
Collapse
|
118
|
Ors-Kumoglu G, Gulce-Iz S, Biray-Avci C. Therapeutic microRNAs in human cancer. Cytotechnology 2019; 71:411-425. [PMID: 30600466 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-018-0291-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are RNA molecules at about 22 nucleotide in length that are non-coding, which regulate gene expression in the post-transcriptional level by performing degradation or blocks translation of the target mRNA. It is known that they play roles in mechanisms such as metabolic regulation, embryogenesis, organogenesis, differentiation and growth control by providing post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. With these properties, miRNAs play important roles in the regulation of biological processes such as proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, drug resistance mechanisms in eukaryotic cells. In addition, there are miRNAs that can be used for cancer therapy. Tumor cells and tumor microenvironment have different miRNA expression profiles. Some miRNAs are known to play a role in the onset and progression of the tumor. miRNAs with oncogenic or tumor suppressive activity specific to different cancer types are still being investigated. This review summarizes the role of miRNAs in tumorigenesis, therapeutic strategies in human cancer and current studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Ors-Kumoglu
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Sultan Gulce-Iz
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.,Biomedical Technologies Graduate Programme, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Cigir Biray-Avci
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
119
|
Yang L, Zhang S, Guo K, Huang H, Qi S, Yao J, Zhang Z. miR-125a restrains cell migration and invasion by targeting STAT3 in gastric cancer cells. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 12:205-215. [PMID: 30636883 PMCID: PMC6309784 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s168454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, many microRNAs have been found to be involved in the cancer progression including miR-125a. However, the underlying mechanisms of miR-125a in gastric cancer (GC) remain to be completely elucidated. OBJECTIVE The study was to investigate the functional role of miR-125a and the expression relevance of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and hyaluronan synthase 1 (HAS1). METHOD CCK-8 assay, scratch wound healing and transwell assay were conducted to identify the functional role of miR-125a in GC. In addition, using bioinformatics analysis, the target regulation relationship was found in STAT3 and miR-125a. To confirm the relationship, luciferase reporter assay was performed. More importantly, quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot assay were carried out to determine the association among miR-125a, STAT3 and HAS1 in GC cells. RESULTS Overexpressed miR-125a inhibited the migration and invasion of GC cells through scratch wound healing and transwell assay, and its knockdown displayed adverse effects, but the viability of GC cells did not show significant difference using CCK-8 assay. In addition, we identified that the knockdown of STAT3 or HAS1 remarkably suppressed the migration and invasion abilities of GC cells. Using bioinformatics analysis, miRTar, in particular, indicated that the 3'-untranslated region of STAT3 binds to miR-125a with a high score. Subsequently, we also verified that STAT3 was a target of miR-125a via luciferase reporter assay. Furthermore, we found that upregulated miR-125a expression could conspicuously constrain STAT3 expression at both protein and mRNA levels in MKN45 and NCI-N87 cells using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot assay, but no significant difference had been found in SGC 7901 cells. To further identify the regulatory relationship between miR-125a and STAT3, downregulation of miR-125a in MKN45 and NCI-N87 cells was carried out, which showed that the protein and mRNA expression levels of STAT3 were declined in two cell lines. Finally, we observed that upregulated miR-125a could lead to the decrease of HAS1 at protein and mRNA levels, whereas its knockdown revealed opposite effects. Meanwhile, we noticed that overexpression of STAT3 could induce the escalation of HAS1 at protein and mRNA expression levels and its knockdown exhibited the adverse outcomes. CONCLUSION These findings indicated that miR-125a may control the HAS1 expression in GC progression by targeting STAT3, which is likely to facilitate a better understanding of the regulation mechanisms of miR-125a in GC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- Department of Cancer Biotherapy Center, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Shuguang Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China
| | - Kai Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The 161th Hospital of PLA, Wuhan, Hubei 430010, China
| | - Hu Huang
- Department of Oncology, The 161th Hospital of PLA, Wuhan, Hubei 430010, China
| | - Shuai Qi
- Department of Pharmacy, The 161th Hospital of PLA, Wuhan, Hubei 430010, China
| | - Jie Yao
- Department of Urological Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China,
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Gong'an County People's Hospital, Jingzhou, Hubei 434000, China,
| |
Collapse
|
120
|
Liu Y, Liu T, Jin H, Yin L, Yu H, Bi J. MiR-411 suppresses the development of bladder cancer by regulating ZnT1. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:8695-8704. [PMID: 30584327 PMCID: PMC6287661 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s173750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background At present, the molecular genetics of the development and progression of bladder cancer are still unclear. In recent years, the pathological relevance and significance of microRNAs (miRNAs) in bladder cancer have attracted increasing attention. Methods The expressions of miR-411 and zinc transporter 1 (ZnT1) in bladder cancer were determined by western blot and real-time PCR. Biological software, luciferase reporter gene, Western blot and real-time PCR were used to determine the regulatory effect of miR-411 on ZnT1. MTT and transwell were used to confirm the regulatory effect of miR-411 on bladder cancer cells. MTT and transwell were used to find how miR-411 modulated the biological activity of bladder cancer cells by regulating ZnT1. Results The expression of miR-411 was low in bladder cancer and was negatively correlated with ZnT1. MiR-411 can inhibit the activity and the expression of ZnT1. MiR-411 can inhibit the growth and metastasis of bladder cancer cells. MiR-411 inhibited the growth and metastasis of bladder cancer cells by targeting ZnT1. Conclusion The miR-411 target ZnT1 may provide a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of bladder cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Urology Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China,
| | - Tao Liu
- Urology Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China,
| | - Hongwei Jin
- Urology Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China,
| | - Lei Yin
- Urology Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China,
| | - Hongyuan Yu
- Urology Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China,
| | - Jianbin Bi
- Urology Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China,
| |
Collapse
|
121
|
Sohn EJ, Bak KM, Nam YK, Park HT. Upregulation of microRNA 344a-3p is involved in curcumin induced apoptosis in RT4 schwannoma cells. Cancer Cell Int 2018; 18:199. [PMID: 30534000 PMCID: PMC6278133 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-018-0693-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Schwannoma arising from peripheral nervous sheaths is a benign tumor. Methods To evaluate cell cytotoxicity, (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) tetrazolium reduction and terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase UTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assays were used. A microRNA (miRNA) array was used to identify the miRNAs involved in curcumin-induced apoptosis. To examine miRNA expression, quantitative RT-PCR was used. Results In this study, curcumin exerted cellular cytotoxicity against RT4 schwannoma cells, with an increase in TUNEL-positive cells. Curcumin also activated the expression of apoptotic proteins, such as polyADP ribose polymerase, caspase-3, and caspase-9. The miRNA array revealed that seven miRNAs (miRNA 350, miRNA 17-2-3p, let 7e-3p, miRNA1224, miRNA 466b-1-3p, miRNA 18a-5p, and miRNA 322-5p) were downregulated following treatment with both 10 and 20 μM curcumin in RT4 cells, while four miRNAs (miRNA122-5p, miRNA 3473, miRNA182, and miRNA344a-3p) were upregulated. Interestingly, transfection with a miRNA 344a-3p mimic downregulated the mRNA expression of Bcl2 and upregulated that of Bax, Curcumin treatment in RT 4 cells also reduced the mRNA expression of Bcl2 and enhanced expression of Bax, Overexpression of miRNA344a-3p mimic combined with curcumin treatment activated the expression of apoptotic proteins, including procaspase-9 and cleaved caspase-3 while inhibition of miRNA 344a-3p using miR344a-3p inhibitor repressed cleaved caspase-3 and -9 in curcumin treated RT-4 cells compared to control. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that curcumin induces apoptosis in schwannoma cells via miRNA 344a-3p. Thus, curcumin may serve as a potent therapeutic agent for the treatment of schwannoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jung Sohn
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Dongdaesin-Dong, Seo-Gu, Busan, 602-714 South Korea
| | - Kyoung-Mi Bak
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Dongdaesin-Dong, Seo-Gu, Busan, 602-714 South Korea
| | - Yun-Kyeong Nam
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Dongdaesin-Dong, Seo-Gu, Busan, 602-714 South Korea
| | - Hwan Tae Park
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Dongdaesin-Dong, Seo-Gu, Busan, 602-714 South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
122
|
Kashyap D, Tuli HS, Garg VK, Goel N, Bishayee A. Oncogenic and Tumor-Suppressive Roles of MicroRNAs with Special Reference to Apoptosis: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential. Mol Diagn Ther 2018; 22:179-201. [PMID: 29388067 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-018-0316-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are the non-coding class of minute RNA molecules that negatively control post-transcriptional regulation of various functional genes. These miRNAs are transcribed from the loci present in the introns of functional or protein-coding genes, exons of non-coding genes, or even in the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR). They have potential to modulate the stability or translational efficiency of a variety of target RNA [messenger RNA (mRNA)]. The regulatory function of miRNAs has been elucidated in several pathological conditions, including neurological (Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease) and cardiovascular conditions, along with cancer. Importantly, miRNA identification in cancer progression and invasion has evolved as an incipient era in cancer treatment. Several studies have shown the influence of miRNAs on various cancer processes, including apoptosis, invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis. In particular, apoptosis induction in tumor cells through miRNA has been extensively studied. The biphasic mode (up- and down-regulation) of miRNA expression in apoptosis and other cancer processes has already been determined. The findings of these studies could be utilized to develop potential therapeutic strategies for the management of various cancers. The present review critically describes the oncogenic and tumor suppressor role of miRNAs in apoptosis and other cancer processes, therapy resistance, and use of their presence in the body fluids as biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dharambir Kashyap
- Department of Histopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, Punjab, India
| | - Hardeep Singh Tuli
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana-Ambala, 133207, Haryana, India.
| | - Vivek Kumar Garg
- Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, 160030, Punjab, India
| | - Neelam Goel
- Department of Information Technology, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, Punjab, India
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Larkin University, Miami, FL, 33169, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
123
|
Liu B, Wu S, Ma J, Yan S, Xiao Z, Wan L, Zhang F, Shang M, Mao A. lncRNA GAS5 Reverses EMT and Tumor Stem Cell-Mediated Gemcitabine Resistance and Metastasis by Targeting miR-221/SOCS3 in Pancreatic Cancer. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2018; 13:472-482. [PMID: 30388621 PMCID: PMC6205337 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2018.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulated long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) mediating chemotherapeutic drug effects and metastasis in pancreatic cancer (PC) are key reasons for the poor prognosis of this disease. lncRNA growth arrest-specific 5 (GAS5) is reported to be a tumor suppressor in multiple cancers. However, the functions of GAS5 and its related miRNAs in PC are poorly understood. This study explored the potential functions and mechanisms of GAS5 in PC gemcitabine resistance and metastasis. The results show that overexpression of GAS5 suppressed the proliferation, migration, gemcitabine resistance, stem cell-like properties, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of PC cells by directly binding to and suppressing miR-221 expression and enhancing suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) expression. The effects of miR-221 overexpression on proliferation, migration, gemcitabine resistance, stem cell-like properties, and EMT inhibition were reversed by SOCS3 overexpression in PC cells. Additionally, GAS5 promoted gemcitabine-induced tumor growth and metastasis inhibition, as determined by Ki-67 staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL), bioluminescence imaging, and the detection of cell-like properties and EMT in vivo. Thus, lncRNA GAS5 functioned as a competing endogenous RNA for miR-221, and it suppressed cell growth, metastasis, and gemcitabine resistance in PC by regulating the miR-221/SOCS3 pathway mediating EMT and tumor stem cell self-renewal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingyan Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1111 Xianxia Road, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Shaoqiu Wu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1111 Xianxia Road, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1111 Xianxia Road, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Shuo Yan
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1111 Xianxia Road, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Zhengguang Xiao
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1111 Xianxia Road, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Linhuang Wan
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1111 Xianxia Road, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1111 Xianxia Road, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Mingyi Shang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1111 Xianxia Road, Shanghai 200336, China.
| | - Aiwu Mao
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1111 Xianxia Road, Shanghai 200336, China.
| |
Collapse
|
124
|
Han M, Chen L, Wang Y. miR-218 overexpression suppresses tumorigenesis of papillary thyroid cancer via inactivation of PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway by targeting Runx2. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:6305-6316. [PMID: 30319270 PMCID: PMC6167989 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s172152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It was previously reported that downregulation of miR-218 promoted thyroid cancer cell invasion, migration, and proliferation. However, the biological functions of miR-218 and its possible regulatory mechanisms in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) cells are still elusive. Materials and methods The expression levels of miR-218 and Runx2 in PTC tissues and cells were determined by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot. The effects of miR-218 overexpression on cell viability, invasion, apoptosis, and PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway in PTC cells were evaluated by cell counting kit-8 assay, Transwell invasion assay, flow cytometry assay, and Western blot, respectively. Luciferase reporter assay and qRT-PCR were performed to identify the target of miR-218. Xenograft tumor experiment was performed to confirm the biological roles of miR-218 and its potential mechanisms in vivo. Results miR-218 expression was downregulated and Runx2 expression was upregulated in PTC tissues and cells. Overexpression of miR-218 suppressed viability and invasion, and induced apoptosis of PTC cells in vitro, while Runx2 overexpression greatly abolished these effects. miR-218 overexpression inactivated the PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway, which was abated by Runx2 upregulation. Additionally, Runx2 was validated to be a direct target of miR-218. Moreover, enforced expression of miR-218 inhibited tumor growth and Runx2 expression, and blocked PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway in vivo. Conclusion miR-218 overexpression suppresses the tumorigenesis of PTC via downregulating PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway by targeting Runx2, which indicates that miR-218 may be a potential therapeutic target for human PTC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingkun Han
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China,
| | - Liwei Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China,
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China,
| |
Collapse
|
125
|
Zhang L, Chen Y, Wang H, Zheng X, Li C, Han Z. miR-376a inhibits breast cancer cell progression by targeting neuropilin-1 NR. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:5293-5302. [PMID: 30214235 PMCID: PMC6124787 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s173416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The roles and related mechanism of miR-376a in breast cancer cell progression are unclear. Methods Kaplan-Meier plotter analysis was used to analyze the correlation between miR-376a and the overall survival (OS) of breast cancer patients. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to detect miR-376a level in breast cancer cells. Cell viability, transwell migration and invasion, and cell apoptosis were constructed to investigate the effects of miR-376a on breast cancer cells. Luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) were used to explore the targeting of miR-376a on NRP-1. Results miR-376a expression was positively correlated with the overall survival of breast cancer patients, and significantly decreased in breast cancer cells. Functionally, miR-376a over-expression suppressed cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and promoted cells apoptosis. Additionally, miR-376a could directly target NRP-1 and exerted its effect through NRP-1. Conclusion miR-376a could suppress breast cancer cell progression via directly targeting NRP-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lansheng Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanwei Chen
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China,
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China,
| | - Xia Zheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Caihong Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengxiang Han
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China,
| |
Collapse
|
126
|
Gao S, Zhao Z, Wu R, Wu L, Tian X, Zhang Z. MicroRNA-194 regulates cell viability and apoptosis by targeting CDH2 in prostatic cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:4837-4844. [PMID: 30147335 PMCID: PMC6098416 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s169101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common malignancies in men. However, a lack of understanding of the mechanism underlying PCa metastasis has strongly limited the effectiveness of therapy for this disease. Thus, investigating the mechanism of PCa may help improve the prognosis of PCa patients. The goal of this study was to investigate the role of microRNA-194 (miR-194) in PCa. Materials and methods The expression of miR-194 and cadherin 2 (CDH2) at the transcriptional level was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The MTT assay cell apoptosis assay and Western blotting were used to determine the role of miR-194 and CDH2 in the PC3 human PCa cell line. The dual luciferase reporter assay system was performed to clarify the relationship between miR-194 and CDH2. qRT-PCR results showed that miR-194 was downregulated and CDH2 was upregulated in PC3 cells. Results Transfection with miR-194 mimics decreased cell viability and increased the rate of apoptosis compared with the control group of PC3 cells. Bioinformatics and the luciferase reporter assay indicated that CDH2 was a target of miR-194, and Western blot analysis suggested that CDH2 was negatively regulated by miR-194. Further studies revealed that the downregulation of CDH2 suppressed cell viability and promoted the apoptosis of PC3 cells and that miR-194 directly targeted CDH2 in PC3 cells. Finally, the in vivo experiments showed that miR-194 mimics suppressed tumor growth and induced apoptosis in a greater proportion of cells by decreasing the expression of CDH2 compared with the control group. Conclusion The results of this study showed that miR-194 targeted CDH2 to regulate PCa cell survival in vitro and suppress tumor growth in vivo. These findings suggest that miR-194 may be a useful therapeutic target in PCa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Song Gao
- The Second Department of Clinical Oncology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, China,
| | - Zhiying Zhao
- Department of computer science and engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Rong Wu
- The Second Department of Clinical Oncology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, China,
| | - Lina Wu
- The Second Department of Clinical Oncology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, China,
| | - Xin Tian
- The Second Department of Clinical Oncology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, China,
| | - Zhenyong Zhang
- The Second Department of Clinical Oncology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, China,
| |
Collapse
|
127
|
Li C, Zhang J, Ma Z, Zhang F, Yu W. miR-19b serves as a prognostic biomarker of breast cancer and promotes tumor progression through PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:4087-4095. [PMID: 30038508 PMCID: PMC6052917 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s171043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in tumor progression of various human malignancies. MicroRNA-19b (miR-19b) has been described as serving a crucial role in tumorigenesis of breast cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression patterns, clinical value, and functional role of miR-19b in breast cancer. Methods Expression of miR-19b was estimated by quantitative real time PCR. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and Cox regression assay were performed to explore the prognostic value of miR-19b. The functional role of miR-19b was verified using cell experiments. Results Upregulated miR-19b expression was observed in breast cancer tissues and cells compared with the controls (all P<0.05). The miR-19b expression was associated with distant metastasis and TNM stage. The survival curves showed that high miR-19b was correlated with poor overall survival of the patients (log-rank P=0.002). Furthermore, miR-19b was proven to be an independent prognostic factor for patients. By using miR-19b mimic and inhibitor, cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were enhanced by miR-19b overexpression but were suppressed by reduction of miR-19b (all P<0.05). Besides, PI3K/AKT was demonstrated to be activated by miR-19b in breast cancer cells. Conclusion The overexpression of miR-19b serves as a candidate prognostic biomarker of breast cancer and may be involved in the tumor progression through PI3K/AKT pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuansheng Li
- Department of General Surgery, Shanxian Central Hospital, Heze, Shandong, China,
| | - Jingwei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanxian Central Hospital, Heze, Shandong, China,
| | - Zhongliang Ma
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanxian Central Hospital, Heze, Shandong, China,
| | - Wenlong Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanxian Central Hospital, Heze, Shandong, China,
| |
Collapse
|
128
|
Zhang L, Li J, Wang Q, Meng G, Lv X, Zhou H, Li W, Zhang J. The relationship between microRNAs and the STAT3-related signaling pathway in cancer. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317719869. [PMID: 28859543 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317719869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression by targeting messenger RNA molecules in 3' untranslated region. Mounting evidence indicates that microRNAs regulate several factors to influence various biological activities that are related to carcinogenesis, including signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, which is a transcription factor that also acts as an oncogene. MicroRNAs influence signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 either by directly targeting or via other pathway components upstream or downstream of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 such as Janus kinases, members of the suppressor of cytokine signaling family, and other genes that regulate cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. However, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 activation changes the pattern of expression of microRNAs and mediates tumorigenesis. Moreover, the relationship between signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and microRNAs varies among different kinds of cancers. A specific microRNA may act as an oncogene or tumor suppressor in different cancers, and microRNAs also directly or indirectly regulate signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 via pathways in the same cancers. In this review, we focus on the reciprocal regulation and roles of microRNAs and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 in cancer, as well as describe current research progress on this relationship. A better understanding of this relationship may facilitate in the identification of targets for clinical therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Junyao Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Guangping Meng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Xuejiao Lv
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
129
|
Liu Y, Cheng Z, Pan F, Yan W. MicroRNA-373 Promotes Growth and Cellular Invasion in Osteosarcoma Cells by Activation of the PI3K/AKT-Rac1-JNK Pathway: The Potential Role in Spinal Osteosarcoma. Oncol Res 2017; 25:989-999. [PMID: 28244849 PMCID: PMC7841136 DOI: 10.3727/096504016x14813867762123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal osteosarcoma (OS) has been proven to be more difficult to treat owing to potently malignant metastasis. The present study aimed to explore the functional role of microRNA (miR)-373 in cell growth and invasion of OS cells, as well as its underlying mechanism. The expression of miR-373 was analyzed in spinal OS tissues and cell lines. MG-63 cells were transfected with the miR-373 mimic or inhibitor and/or treated with the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) (LY294002) inhibitor or Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac) guanosine triphosphate (GTPase) (NSC23766) inhibitor, and then the impact of miR-373 aberrant expression on cell growth and invasion was measured, along with the impact of overexpressing miR-373 on the expression of p53 and PI3K/AKT pathway-related proteins. We found that miR-373 was specifically upregulated in spinal OS tissues (p < 0.01) and OS cell lines (p < 0.01 or p < 0.001). Moreover, miR-373 expression was significantly associated with TNM stage (p = 0.035) and tumor size (p = 0.002). Overexpression of miR-373 promoted MG-63 cell viability, migration, invasion, and colony formation (all p < 0.05), while silencing of miR-373 and LY294002 exerted the opposite effects. Additionally, miR-373 overexpression downregulated p53 as well as its downstream targeted genes and orderly activated the PI3K/AKT-Rac1-JNK signaling pathway. In conclusion, miR-373 promotes growth and cellular invasion in OS cells by activating the PI3K/AKT-Rac1-JNK pathway. Therefore, miR-373 might be a candidate for molecular targeted therapy of spinal OS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Liu
- *Spinal Surgery Dept1, Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province, Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhengliang Cheng
- †The First Department of Orthopedics, Ankang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ankang, P.R. China
| | - Feng Pan
- ‡Department of Acupuncture and Physiotherapy, Maternal and Child Health Care of Zaozhuang, Zaozhuang, P.R. China
| | - Weigang Yan
- §Spinal Surgery Dept4, Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province, Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province, Luoyang, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
130
|
Wang S, Hui Y, Li X, Jia Q. Silencing of lncRNA CCDC26 Restrains the Growth and Migration of Glioma Cells In Vitro and In Vivo via Targeting miR-203. Oncol Res 2017; 26:1143-1154. [PMID: 28600863 PMCID: PMC7844715 DOI: 10.3727/096504017x14965095236521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common primary brain tumors with high mortality. The treatment for gliomas is largely limited due to its uncomprehending pathological mechanism. Here we aimed to investigate the effect of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) coiled-coil domain-containing 26 (CCDC26) in glioma progression. In our study, the expression of CCDC26 was found upregulated in glioma tissues and cell lines compared with normal tissues and cell lines. Further exploration detected decreased cell proliferation and increased cell apoptosis in U-251 and M059J cells transfected with CCDC26-siRNA. In addition, the silencing of CCDC26 strongly reduced the wound closing rate and the number of invasive cells compared with the scramble group. Simultaneously, the expression of miR-203 was found suppressed in glioma tissues and cells lines. Suppressed level of miR-203 was then elevated in U-251 and M059J cells transfected with CCDC26-siRNA. The result of the luciferase activity assay also showed that the luciferase activity was strongly strengthened by adding the miR-203 inhibitor into the CCDC26 WT group. Moreover, CDCC26-siRNA counteracted the effect of the miR-203 inhibitor in facilitating cell viability and mobility in U-251 cells. The in vivo experiment also revealed that CCDC26-siRNA inhibited glioma growth and metastasis. Taken together, our research indicated a CCDC26/miR-203 pathway in regulating the growth and metastasis of gliomas, providing new viewpoints and promising targets for glioma therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shilei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Yuzuo Hui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Qingbin Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Shandong, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
131
|
Stankevicins L, Barat A, Dessen P, Vassetzky Y, de Moura Gallo CV. The microRNA-205-5p is correlated to metastatic potential of 21T series: A breast cancer progression model. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173756. [PMID: 28346474 PMCID: PMC5367783 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA is a class of noncoding RNAs able to base pair with complementary messenger RNA sequences, inhibiting their expression. These regulatory molecules play important roles in key cellular processes including cell proliferation, differentiation and response to DNA damage; changes in miRNA expression are a common feature of human cancers. To gain insights into the mechanisms involved in breast cancer progression we conducted a microRNA global expression analysis on a 21T series of cell lines obtained from the same patient during different stages of breast cancer progression. These stages are represented by cell lines derived from normal epithelial (H16N2), atypical ductal hyperplasia (21PT), primary in situ ductal carcinoma (21NT) and pleural effusion of a lung metastasis (21MT-1 and 21MT-2). In a global microRNA expression analysis, miR-205-5p was the only miRNA to display an important downregulation in the metastatic cell lines (21MT-1; 21MT-2) when compared to the non-invasive cells (21PT and 21NT). The lower amounts of miR-205-5p found also correlated with high histological grades biopsies and with higher invasion rates in a Boyden chamber assay. This work pinpoints miR-205-5p as a potential player in breast tumor invasiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L. Stankevicins
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- CNRS UMR 8126 «Signalisation, noyaux et innovations en cancérologie», Université Paris-Sud, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif cedex, France
| | - A. Barat
- CNRS UMR 8126 «Signalisation, noyaux et innovations en cancérologie», Université Paris-Sud, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif cedex, France
| | - P. Dessen
- Functional Genomics Unit, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Y. Vassetzky
- CNRS UMR 8126 «Signalisation, noyaux et innovations en cancérologie», Université Paris-Sud, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif cedex, France
- N.K. Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - C. V. de Moura Gallo
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|