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Mahfoud Z, Saad S, Haddad P, Chaaya M. Determinants of change in paternal smoking trends during pregnancy in Lebanon. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2010; 89:587-591. [PMID: 20196676 DOI: 10.3109/00016341003623753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
For pregnant women and their fetus, secondhand smoking poses major public health effects. This study analyzes the determinants of change in smoking behavior among fathers whose partners were pregnant. The study is a secondary analysis of a nationally representative Lebanese cross-sectional survey of 1,028 households conducted in 2007. Currently smoking fathers with a child of 5 years of age or less were included. The main outcome was the change in the father's smoking behavior during his wife's last pregnancy. The study concluded that fathers who changed their smoking patterns when their wives were pregnant were significantly more educated, more likely to smoke a lesser number of cigarettes per day (OR = 96, 95% CI (0.93, 0.99)), and more knowledgeable about cigarette constitutes and its health risks (OR = 1.37, 95% CI (1.08, 1.74). Public health practitioners and health professionals are recommended to raise awareness and provide cessation programs for parents and especially fathers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyad Mahfoud
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sara Saad
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Pascale Haddad
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Monique Chaaya
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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102
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Karcaaltincaba D, Kandemir Ö, Yalvac S, Güvendağ Güven ES, Yildirim BA, Haberal A. Cigarette smoking and pregnancy: Results of a survey at a Turkish women's hospital in 1,020 patients. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2010; 29:480-6. [DOI: 10.1080/01443610902984953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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103
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Vossenaar M, Bermúdez OI, Anderson AS, Solomons NW. Practical limitations to a positive deviance approach for identifying dietary patterns compatible with the reduction of cancer risk. J Hum Nutr Diet 2010; 23:382-92. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-277x.2010.01056.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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104
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Barros FC, Bhutta ZA, Batra M, Hansen TN, Victora CG, Rubens CE. Global report on preterm birth and stillbirth (3 of 7): evidence for effectiveness of interventions. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2010; 10 Suppl 1:S3. [PMID: 20233384 PMCID: PMC2841444 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2393-10-s1-s3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Interventions directed toward mothers before and during pregnancy and childbirth may help reduce preterm births and stillbirths. Survival of preterm newborns may also be improved with interventions given during these times or soon after birth. This comprehensive review assesses existing interventions for low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). METHODS Approximately 2,000 intervention studies were systematically evaluated through December 31, 2008. They addressed preterm birth or low birth weight; stillbirth or perinatal mortality; and management of preterm newborns. Out of 82 identified interventions, 49 were relevant to LMICs and had reasonable amounts of evidence, and therefore selected for in-depth reviews. Each was classified and assessed by the quality of available evidence and its potential to treat or prevent preterm birth and stillbirth. Impacts on other maternal, fetal, newborn or child health outcomes were also considered. Assessments were based on an adaptation of the Grades of Recommendation Assessment, Development and Evaluation criteria. RESULTS Most interventions require additional research to improve the quality of evidence. Others had little evidence of benefit and should be discontinued. The following are supported by moderate- to high-quality evidence and strongly recommended for LMICs: Two interventions prevent preterm births--smoking cessation and progesterone. Eight interventions prevent stillbirths--balanced protein energy supplementation, screening and treatment of syphilis, intermittant presumptive treatment for malaria during pregnancy, insecticide-treated mosquito nets, birth preparedness, emergency obstetric care, cesarean section for breech presentation, and elective induction for post-term delivery. Eleven interventions improve survival of preterm newborns--prophylactic steroids in preterm labor, antibiotics for PROM, vitamin K supplementation at delivery, case management of neonatal sepsis and pneumonia, delayed cord clamping, room air (vs. 100% oxygen) for resuscitation, hospital-based kangaroo mother care, early breastfeeding, thermal care, and surfactant therapy and application of continued distending pressure to the lungs for respiratory distress syndrome CONCLUSION The research paradigm for discovery science and intervention development must be balanced to address prevention as well as improve morbidity and mortality in all settings. This review also reveals significant gaps in current knowledge of interventions spanning the continuum of maternal and fetal outcomes, and the critical need to generate further high-quality evidence for promising interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando C Barros
- Post-Graduate Course in Health and Behaviour, Universidade Catolica de Pelotas, Brazil
| | | | - Maneesh Batra
- Divison of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | | | - Craig E Rubens
- Global Alliance to Prevent Prematurity and Stillbirth, an initiative of Seattle Children's, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Pediatrics at University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
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105
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England LJ, Kim SY, Tomar SL, Ray CS, Gupta PC, Eissenberg T, Cnattingius S, Bernert JT, Tita ATN, Winn DM, Djordjevic MV, Lambe M, Stamilio D, Chipato T, Tolosa JE. Non-cigarette tobacco use among women and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2010; 89:454-464. [PMID: 20225987 PMCID: PMC5881107 DOI: 10.3109/00016341003605719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although cigarette smoking remains the most prevalent form of tobacco use in girls and in women of reproductive age globally, use of non-cigarette forms of tobacco is prevalent or gaining in popularity in many parts of the world, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Sparse but growing evidence suggests that the use of some non-cigarette tobacco products during pregnancy increases the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. In this paper we review the literature on the prevalence of non-cigarette tobacco product use in pregnant women and in women of reproductive age in high-, middle-, and low-income countries and the evidence that maternal use of these products during pregnancy has adverse health effects. In addition, we communicate findings from an international group of perinatal and tobacco experts that was convened to establish research priorities concerning the use of non-cigarette tobacco products during pregnancy. The working group concluded that attempts to develop a public health response to non-cigarette tobacco use in women are hindered by a lack of data on the epidemiology of use in many parts of the world and by our limited understanding of the type and magnitude of the health effects of these products. We highlight research gaps and provide recommendations for a global research agenda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucinda J England
- Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Shin Y Kim
- Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Scott L Tomar
- Department of Community Dentistry and Behavioral Science, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Cecily S Ray
- Healis-Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Prakash C Gupta
- Healis-Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Thomas Eissenberg
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Sven Cnattingius
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John T Bernert
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Alan Thevenet N Tita
- Center for Women's Reproductive Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Deborah M Winn
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mirjana V Djordjevic
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mats Lambe
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David Stamilio
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Tsungai Chipato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe
- Global Network for Perinatal and Reproductive Health, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Jorge E Tolosa
- Global Network for Perinatal and Reproductive Health, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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106
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Chomba E, Tshefu A, Onyamboko M, Kaseba - Sata C, Moore J, McClure EM, Moss N, Goco N, Bloch M, Goldenberg RL. Tobacco use and secondhand smoke exposure during pregnancy in two African countries: Zambia and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2010; 89:531-539. [PMID: 20230310 PMCID: PMC3875167 DOI: 10.3109/00016341003605693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study pregnant women's knowledge, attitudes and behaviors towards tobacco use and secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure, and exposure to advertising for and against tobacco products in Zambia and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). DESIGN Prospective cross-sectional survey between November 2004 and September 2005. SETTING Antenatal care clinics in Lusaka, Zambia, and Kinshasa, DRC. POPULATION Pregnant women in Zambia (909) and the DRC (847). METHODS Research staff administered a structured questionnaire to pregnant women attending antenatal care clinics. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Pregnant women's use of tobacco, exposure to SHS, knowledge of the harms of tobacco and exposure to advertising for and against tobacco products. RESULTS Only about 10% of pregnant women reported ever having tried cigarettes (6.6% Zambia; 14.1% DRC). However, in the DRC, 41.8% of pregnant women had tried other forms of tobacco, primarily snuff. About 10% of pregnant women and young children were frequently or always exposed to SHS. Pregnant women's knowledge of the hazards of smoking and SHS exposure was extremely limited. About 13% of pregnant women had seen or heard advertising for tobacco products in the last 30 days. CONCLUSIONS Tobacco use and SHS exposure pose serious threats to the health of women, infants and children. In many African countries, maternal and infant health outcomes are often poor and will likely worsen if maternal tobacco use increases. Our findings suggest that a 'window of opportunity' exists to prevent increased tobacco use and SHS exposure of pregnant women in Zambia and the DRC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antoinette Tshefu
- Kinshasa School of Public Health, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Marie Onyamboko
- Kinshasa School of Public Health, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | | | - Janet Moore
- Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, U.S
| | | | - Nancy Moss
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Rockville, Maryland, U.S
| | - Norman Goco
- Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, U.S
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107
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Securing the health of disadvantaged women: a critical investigation of tobacco-control policy effects on women worldwide. Am J Prev Med 2009; 37:S117-20. [PMID: 19591749 PMCID: PMC2730584 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2009.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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108
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Corrêa PCRP, Barreto SM, Passos VMA. Smoking-attributable mortality and years of potential life lost in 16 Brazilian capitals, 2003: a prevalence-based study. BMC Public Health 2009; 9:206. [PMID: 19558658 PMCID: PMC2711948 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-9-206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2008] [Accepted: 06/26/2009] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To establish the impact of tobacco smoking on mortality is essential to define and monitor public health interventions in developing countries. METHODS The Smoking-Attributable Mortality, Morbidity and Economic Costs (SAMMEC) software was used to estimate the smoking attributable mortality (SAM) in 15 Brazilian State Capitals and the Federal District for the year 2003. Smoking prevalence and mortality data of people aged 35 years or older were obtained for each city from the Brazilian Household Survey on Non Communicable Diseases Risk Factors (2002-2003) and from the Brazilian Mortality System (2003), respectively. RESULTS In 2003, of the 177,543 deaths of persons aged 35 years and older 24,222 (13.64%) were attributable to cigarette smoking. This total represents 18.08% of all male deaths (n = 16,896) and 8.71% (n = 7,326) of all female deaths in these cities. The four leading causes of smoking-attributable death were chronic airways obstruction (4,419 deaths), ischemic heart disease (4,417 deaths), lung cancer (3,682 deaths), and cerebrovascular disease (3,202 deaths). Cigarette smoking accounted for 419,935 years of potential life lost (YPLL) (279,990 YPLL for men and 139,945 YPLL for women) in the same period. CONCLUSION Tobacco use caused one out of five male deaths and one out of ten female deaths in the sixteen cities in 2003. Four leading causes of smoking attributable deaths (ischemic heart disease, chronic airways obstruction, lung cancer and cerebrovascular disease) accounted for 64.9% of SAM. Effective and comprehensive actions must be taken in order to slow this epidemic in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo C R P Corrêa
- Hospital Alberto Cavalcanti, Fundação Hospitalar do Estado de Minas Gerais (FHEMIG), Bairro Padre Eustáquio, ZIP 30730-540, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
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