101
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Mendes M, Sousa JJ, Pais A, Vitorino C. Targeted Theranostic Nanoparticles for Brain Tumor Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:E181. [PMID: 30304861 PMCID: PMC6321593 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10040181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The poor prognosis and rapid recurrence of glioblastoma (GB) are associated to its fast-growing process and invasive nature, which make difficult the complete removal of the cancer infiltrated tissues. Additionally, GB heterogeneity within and between patients demands a patient-focused method of treatment. Thus, the implementation of nanotechnology is an attractive approach considering all anatomic issues of GB, since it will potentially improve brain drug distribution, due to the interaction between the blood⁻brain barrier and nanoparticles (NPs). In recent years, theranostic techniques have also been proposed and regarded as promising. NPs are advantageous for this application, due to their respective size, easy surface modification and versatility to integrate multiple functional components in one system. The design of nanoparticles focused on therapeutic and diagnostic applications has increased exponentially for the treatment of cancer. This dual approach helps to understand the location of the tumor tissue, the biodistribution of nanoparticles, the progress and efficacy of the treatment, and is highly useful for personalized medicine-based therapeutic interventions. To improve theranostic approaches, different active strategies can be used to modulate the surface of the nanotheranostic particle, including surface markers, proteins, drugs or genes, and take advantage of the characteristics of the microenvironment using stimuli responsive triggers. This review focuses on the different strategies to improve the GB treatment, describing some cell surface markers and their ligands, and reports some strategies, and their efficacy, used in the current research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Mendes
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - João José Sousa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Alberto Pais
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Carla Vitorino
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
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102
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A Longitudinal Study of Lipid Peroxidation and Symptom Clusters in Patients With Brain Cancers. Nurs Res 2018; 67:387-394. [DOI: 10.1097/nnr.0000000000000302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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103
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Bae K, Zheng W, Lin K, Lim SW, Chong YK, Tang C, King NK, Ti Ang CB, Huang Z. Epi-Detected Hyperspectral Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy for Label-Free Molecular Subtyping of Glioblastomas. Anal Chem 2018; 90:10249-10255. [PMID: 30070837 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b01677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We report the development and implementation of an epi-detected spectral-focusing hyperspectral stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) imaging technique for label-free biomolecular subtyping of glioblastomas (GBMs). The hyperspectral SRS imaging technique developed generates SRS image stacks (from 2800 to 3020 cm-1 at 7 cm-1 intervals) within 30 s through controlling the time delay between the chirped pump and Stokes beams. SRS images at representative Raman shifts (e.g., 2845, 2885, and 2935 cm-1) delineate the biochemical variations and morphological differences between proneural and mesenchymal subtypes of GBMs. Multivariate curve resolution (MCR) analysis on hyperspectral SRS images enables the quantification of major biomolecule distributions in mesenchymal and proneural GBMs. Further principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) together with leave-one SRS spectrum-out, cross-validation (LOOCV) yields a diagnostic sensitivity of 96.7% (29/30) and specificity of 88.9% (28/36) for differentiation between mesenchymal and proneural subtypes of GBMs. This study shows great potential of applying hyperspectral SRS imaging technique developed for rapid, label-free molecular subtyping of GBMs in neurosurgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kideog Bae
- Optical Bioimaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , National University of Singapore , Singapore 117576
| | - Wei Zheng
- Optical Bioimaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , National University of Singapore , Singapore 117576.,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine , National University of Singapore , Singapore 119260
| | - Kan Lin
- Optical Bioimaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , National University of Singapore , Singapore 117576.,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine , National University of Singapore , Singapore 119260
| | - See Wee Lim
- National Neuroscience Institute , Singapore 308433
| | | | - Carol Tang
- National Neuroscience Institute , Singapore 308433.,Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School , Singapore 169857.,Division of Cellular and Molecular Research , Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre , Singapore 169610
| | - Nicolas K King
- National Neuroscience Institute , Singapore 308433.,Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School , Singapore 169857
| | - Christopher Beng Ti Ang
- National Neuroscience Institute , Singapore 308433.,Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School , Singapore 169857.,Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine , National University of Singapore , Singapore 117597.,Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) , Singapore 117609
| | - Zhiwei Huang
- Optical Bioimaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , National University of Singapore , Singapore 117576
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104
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Seow P, Narayanan V, Hernowo AT, Wong JHD, Ramli N. Quantification and visualization of lipid landscape in glioma using in -and opposed-phase imaging. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2018; 20:531-536. [PMID: 30167373 PMCID: PMC6111041 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Objectives This study maps the lipid distributions based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in-and opposed-phase (IOP) sequence and correlates the findings generated from lipid map to histological grading of glioma. Methods Forty histologically proven glioma patients underwent a standard MRI tumour protocol with the addition of IOP sequence. The regions of tumour (solid enhancing, solid non-enhancing, and cystic regions) were delineated using snake model (ITK-SNAP) with reference to structural and diffusion MRI images. The lipid distribution map was constructed based on signal loss ratio (SLR) obtained from the IOP imaging. The mean SLR values of the regions were computed and compared across the different glioma grades. Results The solid enhancing region of glioma had the highest SLR for both Grade II and III. The mean SLR of solid non-enhancing region of tumour demonstrated statistically significant difference between the WHO grades (grades II, III & IV) (mean SLRII = 0.04, mean SLRIII = 0.06, mean SLRIV = 0.08, & p < .01). A strong positive correlation was seen between WHO grades with mean SLR on lipid map of solid non-enhancing (ρ=0.68, p < .01). Conclusion Lipid quantification via lipid map provides useful information on lipid landscape in tumour heterogeneity characterisation of glioma. This technique adds to the surgical diagnostic yield by identifying biopsy targets. It can also be used as an adjunct grading tool for glioma as well as to provide information about lipidomics landscape in glioma development. In- and opposed-phase imaging is useful in gliomas characterisation and grading. Signal loss ratio in the solid non-enhancing region is a potential imaging marker for discriminating between the WHO grades. Lipid quantification via lipid distribution mapping provides useful information on lipid landscape in tumour heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pohchoo Seow
- Department of Biomedical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; University of Malaya Research Imaging Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Vairavan Narayanan
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Aditya Tri Hernowo
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jeannie Hsiu Ding Wong
- Department of Biomedical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; University of Malaya Research Imaging Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norlisah Ramli
- Department of Biomedical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; University of Malaya Research Imaging Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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105
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Cheng X, Li J, Guo D. SCAP/SREBPs are Central Players in Lipid Metabolism and Novel Metabolic Targets in Cancer Therapy. Curr Top Med Chem 2018; 18:484-493. [PMID: 29788888 DOI: 10.2174/1568026618666180523104541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Lipid metabolism reprogramming emerges as a new hallmark of malignancies. Sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs), which are central players in lipid metabolism, are endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-bound transcription factors that control the expression of genes important for lipid synthesis and uptake. Their transcriptional activation requires binding to SREBP cleavageactivating protein (SCAP) to translocate their inactive precursors from the ER to the Golgi to undergo cleavage and subsequent nucleus translocation of their NH2-terminal forms. Recent studies have revealed that SREBPs are markedly upregulated in human cancers, providing the mechanistic link between lipid metabolism alterations and malignancies. Pharmacological or genetic inhibition of SCAP or SREBPs significantly suppresses tumor growth in various cancer models, demonstrating that SCAP/SREBPs could serve as promising metabolic targets for cancer therapy. In this review, we will summarize recent progress in our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms regulating SCAP/SREBPs and lipid metabolism in malignancies, discuss new findings about SREBP trafficking, which requires SCAP N-glycosylation, and introduce a newly identified microRNA-29-mediated negative feedback regulation of the SCAP/SREBP pathway. Moreover, we will review recently developed inhibitors targeting the SCAP/SREBP pathway for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Cheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University James Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Jianying Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University James Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Deliang Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University James Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
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106
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The Involvement of PPARs in the Peculiar Energetic Metabolism of Tumor Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19071907. [PMID: 29966227 PMCID: PMC6073339 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Energy homeostasis is crucial for cell fate, since all cellular activities are strongly dependent on the balance between catabolic and anabolic pathways. In particular, the modulation of metabolic and energetic pathways in cancer cells has been discussed in some reports, but subsequently has been neglected for a long time. Meanwhile, over the past 20 years, a recovery of the study regarding cancer metabolism has led to an increasing consideration of metabolic alterations in tumors. Cancer cells must adapt their metabolism to meet their energetic and biosynthetic demands, which are associated with the rapid growth of the primary tumor and colonization of distinct metastatic sites. Cancer cells are largely dependent on aerobic glycolysis for their energy production, but are also associated with increased fatty acid synthesis and increased rates of glutamine consumption. In fact, emerging evidence has shown that therapeutic resistance to cancer treatment may arise from the deregulation of glucose metabolism, fatty acid synthesis, and glutamine consumption. Cancer cells exhibit a series of metabolic alterations induced by mutations that lead to a gain-of-function of oncogenes, and a loss-of-function of tumor suppressor genes, including increased glucose consumption, reduced mitochondrial respiration, an increase of reactive oxygen species, and cell death resistance; all of these are responsible for cancer progression. Cholesterol metabolism is also altered in cancer cells and supports uncontrolled cell growth. In this context, we discuss the roles of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), which are master regulators of cellular energetic metabolism in the deregulation of the energetic homeostasis, which is observed in cancer. We highlight the different roles of PPAR isotypes and the differential control of their transcription in various cancer cells.
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107
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Cheng C, Geng F, Cheng X, Guo D. Lipid metabolism reprogramming and its potential targets in cancer. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2018; 38:27. [PMID: 29784041 PMCID: PMC5993136 DOI: 10.1186/s40880-018-0301-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 451] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reprogramming of lipid metabolism is a newly recognized hallmark of malignancy. Increased lipid uptake, storage and lipogenesis occur in a variety of cancers and contribute to rapid tumor growth. Lipids constitute the basic structure of membranes and also function as signaling molecules and energy sources. Sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs), a family of membrane-bound transcription factors in the endoplasmic reticulum, play a central role in the regulation of lipid metabolism. Recent studies have revealed that SREBPs are highly up-regulated in various cancers and promote tumor growth. SREBP cleavage-activating protein is a key transporter in the trafficking and activation of SREBPs as well as a critical glucose sensor, thus linking glucose metabolism and de novo lipid synthesis. Targeting altered lipid metabolic pathways has become a promising anti-cancer strategy. This review summarizes recent progress in our understanding of lipid metabolism regulation in malignancy, and highlights potential molecular targets and their inhibitors for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunming Cheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University James Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Feng Geng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University James Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Xiang Cheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University James Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Deliang Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University James Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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108
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Yang SH, Li S, Lu G, Xue H, Kim DH, Zhu JJ, Liu Y. Metformin treatment reduces temozolomide resistance of glioblastoma cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:78787-78803. [PMID: 27791206 PMCID: PMC5346677 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that metformin acts synergistically with temozolomide (TMZ) to inhibit proliferation of glioma cells including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). However, the molecular mechanism underlying how metformin exerts its anti-cancer effects remains elusive. We used a combined experimental and bioinformatics approach to identify genes and complex regulatory/signal transduction networks that are involved in restoring TMZ sensitivity of GBM cells after metformin treatment. First, we established TMZ resistant GBM cell lines and found that the resistant cells regained TMZ sensitivity after metformin treatment. We further identified that metformin down-regulates SOX2 expression in TMZ-resistant glioma cells, reduces neurosphere formation capacity of glioblastoma cells, and inhibits GBM xenograft growth in vivo. Finally, the global gene expression profiling data reveals that multiple pathways are involved in metformin treatment related gene expression changes, including fatty acid metabolism and RNA binding and splicing pathways. Our work provided insight of the mechanisms on potential synergistic effects of TMZ and metformin in the treatment of glioblastoma, which will in turn yield potentially translational value for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Ho Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, South Korea.,Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shenglan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.,Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Guangrong Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Haipeng Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.,Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Dong H Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.,Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jay-Jiguang Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.,Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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109
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Metabolic Heterogeneity Evidenced by MRS among Patient-Derived Glioblastoma Multiforme Stem-Like Cells Accounts for Cell Clustering and Different Responses to Drugs. Stem Cells Int 2018. [PMID: 29531533 PMCID: PMC5835274 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3292704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Clustering of patient-derived glioma stem-like cells (GSCs) through unsupervised analysis of metabolites detected by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) evidenced three subgroups, namely clusters 1a and 1b, with high intergroup similarity and neural fingerprints, and cluster 2, with a metabolism typical of commercial tumor lines. In addition, subclones generated by the same GSC line showed different metabolic phenotypes. Aerobic glycolysis prevailed in cluster 2 cells as demonstrated by higher lactate production compared to cluster 1 cells. Oligomycin, a mitochondrial ATPase inhibitor, induced high lactate extrusion only in cluster 1 cells, where it produced neutral lipid accumulation detected as mobile lipid signals by MRS and lipid droplets by confocal microscopy. These results indicate a relevant role of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation for energy production in GSCs. On the other hand, further metabolic differences, likely accounting for different therapy responsiveness observed after etomoxir treatment, suggest that caution must be used in considering patient treatment with mitochondria FAO blockers. Metabolomics and metabolic profiling may contribute to discover new diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers to be used for personalized therapies.
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110
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Presler M, Wojtczyk-Miaskowska A, Schlichtholz B, Kaluzny A, Matuszewski M, Mika A, Sledzinski T, Swierczynski J. Increased expression of the gene encoding stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 in human bladder cancer. Mol Cell Biochem 2018; 447:217-224. [PMID: 29396722 PMCID: PMC6133071 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-018-3306-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Bladder cancer is a common disease and a significant cause of death worldwide. There is thus great interest in identifying a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker, as well as gaining an understanding of the molecular basis of bladder cancer. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 gene (SCD1) is highly overexpressed in many human cancers. However, the expression of SCD1 has not yet been investigated in patients with bladder cancer. Here, we document that (a) the SCD1 is highly overexpressed in human bladder cancer; (b) high expression of SCD1 is more frequently observed in the late stage of disease and patients with lymph node metastasis; (c) bladder cancer patients with a higher SCD1 mRNA level have a poorer survival rate than those with normal SCD1 expression. Overall, this is the first report to indicate an association between SCD1 mRNA level and clinical indicators of human bladder cancer. Our study has provided evidence supporting the potential role of SCD1 as a biomarker for human bladder cancer prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Presler
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
| | - A Wojtczyk-Miaskowska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
| | - B Schlichtholz
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
| | - A Kaluzny
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Gdansk, Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214, Gdansk, Poland
| | - M Matuszewski
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Gdansk, Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214, Gdansk, Poland
| | - A Mika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland.,Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland
| | - T Sledzinski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
| | - J Swierczynski
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland. .,State School of Higher Vocational Education in Koszalin, Lesna 1, 75-582, Koszalin, Poland.
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111
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Toxic effects of phytol and retinol on human glioblastoma cells are associated with modulation of cholesterol and fatty acid biosynthetic pathways. J Neurooncol 2017; 136:435-443. [PMID: 29159775 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-017-2672-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary brain tumor. Genetic mutations may reprogram the metabolism of neoplastic cells. Particularly, alterations in cholesterol and fatty acid biosynthetic pathways may favor biomass synthesis and resistance to therapy. Therefore, compounds that interfere with those pathways, such as phytol (PHY) and retinol (RET), may be appropriate for cytotoxic approaches. We tested the effect of PHY or RET on the viability of human GBM cell lines (U87MG, A172 and T98G). Since the compounds showed a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect, additional analyses were performed with IC50 values. Transcriptome analyses of A172 cells treated with PHY IC50 or RET IC50 revealed down-regulated genes involved in cholesterol and/or fatty acid biosynthetic pathways. Thus, we investigated the expression of proteins required for cholesterol and/or fatty acid synthesis after treating all lineages with PHY IC50 or RET IC50 and comparing them with controls. Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP-1) expression was reduced by PHY in U87 and T98G cells. However, fatty acid synthase (FAS) protein expression, which is regulated by SREBP-1, was down-regulated in all lineages after both treatments. Moreover, farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyltransferase (FDFT1) levels, a protein associated with cholesterol synthesis, were reduced in all lineages by PHY and in U87MG and A172 cells by RET. Our results suggest that SREBP-1, FAS and FDFT1 are potential target(s) for future in vivo approaches against GBM and support the use of inhibitors of their synthesis, including PHY and RET, for such approaches.
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112
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Autry A, Phillips JJ, Maleschlijski S, Roy R, Molinaro AM, Chang SM, Cha S, Lupo JM, Nelson SJ. Characterization of Metabolic, Diffusion, and Perfusion Properties in GBM: Contrast-Enhancing versus Non-Enhancing Tumor. Transl Oncol 2017; 10:895-903. [PMID: 28942218 PMCID: PMC5612804 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the contrast-enhancing (CE) lesion on T1-weighted MR images is widely used as a surrogate for glioblastoma (GBM), there are also non-enhancing regions of infiltrative tumor within the T2-weighted lesion, which elude radiologic detection. Because non-enhancing GBM (Enh-) challenges clinical patient management as latent disease, this study sought to characterize ex vivo metabolic profiles from Enh- and CE GBM (Enh+) samples, alongside histological and in vivo MR parameters, to assist in defining criteria for estimating total tumor burden. METHODS Fifty-six patients with newly diagnosed GBM received a multi-parametric pre-surgical MR examination. Targets for obtaining image-guided tissue samples were defined based on in vivo parameters that were suspicious for tumor. The actual location from where tissue samples were obtained was recorded, and half of each sample was analyzed for histopathology while the other half was scanned using HR-MAS spectroscopy. RESULTS The Enh+ and Enh- tumor samples demonstrated comparable mitotic activity, but also significant heterogeneity in microvascular morphology. Ex vivo spectroscopic parameters indicated similar levels of total choline and N-acetylaspartate between these contrast-based radiographic subtypes of GBM, and characteristic differences in the levels of myo-inositol, creatine/phosphocreatine, and phosphoethanolamine. Analysis of in vivo parameters at the sample locations were consistent with histological and ex vivo metabolic data. CONCLUSIONS The similarity between ex vivo levels of choline and NAA, and between in vivo levels of choline, NAA and nADC in Enh+ and Enh- tumor, indicate that these parameters can be used in defining non-invasive metrics of total tumor burden for patients with GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Autry
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Joanna J Phillips
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Stojan Maleschlijski
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ritu Roy
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center (HDFCC) Biostatistical Core Facility, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Computational Biology Core, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Annette M Molinaro
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Susan M Chang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Soonmee Cha
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Janine M Lupo
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sarah J Nelson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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113
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Gahoi N, Malhotra D, Moiyadi A, Varma SG, Gandhi MN, Srivastava S. Multi-pronged proteomic analysis to study the glioma pathobiology using cerebrospinal fluid samples. Proteomics Clin Appl 2017; 12:e1700056. [PMID: 28679024 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201700056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Gliomas are one of the most aggressive and lethal brain tumors arising from neoplastic transformation of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. A comprehensive quantitative analysis of proteome level differences in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) across different grades of gliomas for a better understanding of glioma pathobiology is carried out. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Glioma patients are diagnosed by radiology and histochemistry-based analyses. Differential proteomic analysis of high (n = 12) and low (n = 5) grade gliomas, and control (n = 3) samples is performed by using two complementary quantitative proteomic approaches; 2D-DIGE and iTRAQ. Further, comparative analysis of three IDH wild-type and five IDH mutants is performed to identify the proteome level differences between these two sub-classes. RESULTS Level of several proteins including haptoglobin, transthyretin, osteopontin, vitronectin, complement factor H and different classes of immunoglobulins are found to be considerably increased in CSF of higher grades of gliomas. Subsequent bioinformatics analysis indicated that many of the dysregulated CSF proteins are associated with metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins, complement and coagulation cascades and extracellular matrix remodeling in gliomas. Intriguingly, CSF of glioma patients with IDH mutations exhibite increased levels of multiple proteins involved in response to oxidative stress. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE To the best of our knowledge, this is the foremost proteome level investigation describing comprehensive proteome profiles of different grades of gliomas using proximal fluid (CSF); and thereby providing insights into disease pathobiology, which aided in identification of grade and sub-type specific alterations. Moreover, if validated in larger clinical cohorts, a panel of differentially abundant CSF proteins may serve as potential disease monitoring and prognostic markers for gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Gahoi
- Wadhwani Research Center for Biosciences and Bioengineering, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India.,Centre for Research in Nanotechnology and Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India
| | - Darpan Malhotra
- Wadhwani Research Center for Biosciences and Bioengineering, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India.,Department of Biochemistry, Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Santosh G Varma
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Grant Govt. Medical College and Sir JJ Group of Hospitals, Byculla, Mumbai, India.,BJ Medical College & Sassoon Hospital, Jai Prakash Narayan Road, Near Pune Railway Station, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mayuri N Gandhi
- Centre for Research in Nanotechnology and Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India
| | - Sanjeeva Srivastava
- Wadhwani Research Center for Biosciences and Bioengineering, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India
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114
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Anna I, Bartosz P, Lech P, Halina A. Novel strategies of Raman imaging for brain tumor research. Oncotarget 2017; 8:85290-85310. [PMID: 29156720 PMCID: PMC5689610 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Raman diagnostics and imaging have been shown to be an effective tool for the analysis and discrimination of human brain tumors from normal structures. Raman spectroscopic methods have potential to be applied in clinical practice as they allow for identification of tumor margins during surgery. In this study, we investigate medulloblastoma (grade IV WHO) (n= 5), low-grade astrocytoma (grades I-II WHO) (n =4), ependymoma (n=3) and metastatic brain tumors (n= 1) and the tissue from the negative margins used as normal controls. We compare a high grade medulloblastoma, low grade astrocytoma and non-tumor samples from human central nervous system (CNS) tissue. Based on the properties of the Raman vibrational features and Raman images we provide a real–time feedback method that is label-free to monitor tumor metabolism that reveals reprogramming of biosynthesis of lipids, proteins, DNA and RNA. Our results indicate marked metabolic differences between low and high grade brain tumors. We discuss molecular mechanisms causing these metabolic changes, particularly lipid alterations in malignant medulloblastoma and low grade gliomas that may shed light on the mechanisms driving tumor recurrence thereby revealing new approaches for the treatment of malignant glioma. We have found that the high-grade tumors of central nervous system (medulloblastoma) exhibit enhanced level of β-sheet conformation and down-regulated level of α-helix conformation when comparing against normal tissue. We have found that almost all tumors studied in the paper have increased Raman signals of nucleic acids. This increase can be interpreted as increased DNA/RNA turnover in brain tumors. We have shown that the ratio of Raman intensities I2930/I2845 at 2930 and 2845 cm-1 is a good source of information on the ratio of lipid and protein contents. We have found that the ratio reflects the different lipid and protein contents of cancerous brain tissue compared to the non-tumor tissue. We found that levels of the saturated fatty acids were significantly reduced in the high grade medulloblastoma samples compared with non-tumor brain samples and low grade astrocytoma. Differences were also noted in the n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) content between medulloblastoma and non-tumor brain samples. The content of the oleic acid (OA) was significantly smaller in almost all brain high grade brain tumors than that observed in the control samples. It indicates that the fatty acid composition of human brain tumors differs from that found in non-tumor brain tissue. The iodine number NI for the normal brain tissue is 60. For comparison OA has 87, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) 464, α-linolenic acid (ALA) 274. The high grade tumors have the iodine numbers between that for palmitic acid, stearic acid, arachidic acid (NI=0) and oleic acid (NI=87). Most low grade tumors have NI similar to that of OA. The iodine number for arachidonic acid (AA) (NI=334) is much higher than those observed for all studied samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imiela Anna
- Lodz University of Technology, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Laboratory of Laser Molecular Spectroscopy, 93-590 Lodz, Poland
| | - Polis Bartosz
- Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotraumatology, 3-338 Lodz, Poland
| | - Polis Lech
- Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotraumatology, 3-338 Lodz, Poland
| | - Abramczyk Halina
- Lodz University of Technology, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Laboratory of Laser Molecular Spectroscopy, 93-590 Lodz, Poland
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115
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Sun Y, He W, Luo M, Zhou Y, Chang G, Ren W, Wu K, Li X, Shen J, Zhao X, Hu Y. Role of transgelin-2 in diabetes-associated pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:49592-49604. [PMID: 28521289 PMCID: PMC5564790 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive malignancy with poor prognosis. Diabetes is a significant risk factor for PDAC and >50% of PDAC patients have concomitant diabetes. How diabetes influences the initiation and progression of PDAC remains elusive. Here, we show that transgelin-2 is dominantly expressed in PDAC tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues. The high level of transgelin-2 indicates poor survival of patients with PDAC. Remarkably, transgelin-2 expression is correlated with diabetic status. Hyperinsulinemia is frequently observed in type 2 diabetes. Our results indicate that upregulation of transgelin-2 is induced by insulin via sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1-mediated transcription in PDAC cells. Transgelin-2 is a novel target of SREBP-1. Our data support a novel mechanism in diabetes-associated PDAC by which transgelin-2 mediates proliferation of PDAC cells upon insulin stimulation. The insulin/SREBP-1/transgelin-2 network should be further explored as a diagnostic marker or a novel therapeutic target for diabetes-associated PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Weiwei He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sixth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Man Luo
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuhong Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guilin Chang
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Weiying Ren
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Kefen Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xi Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiping Shen
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yu Hu
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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116
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Muroski ME, Miska J, Chang AL, Zhang P, Rashidi A, Moore H, Lopez-Rosas A, Han Y, Lesniak MS. Fatty Acid Uptake in T Cell Subsets Using a Quantum Dot Fatty Acid Conjugate. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5790. [PMID: 28724939 PMCID: PMC5517517 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05556-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid (FA) metabolism directly influences the functional capabilities of T cells in tumor microenvironments. Thus, developing tools to interrogate FA-uptake by T cell subsets is important for understanding tumor immunosuppression. Herein, we have generated a novel FA-Qdot 605 dye conjugate with superior sensitivity and flexibility to any of the previously commercially available alternatives. For the first time, we demonstrate that this nanoparticle can be used as a specific measure of fatty acid uptake by T cells both in-vitro and in-vivo. Flow cytometric analysis shows that both the location and activation status of T cells determines their FA uptake. Additionally, CD4+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) uptake FA at a higher rate than effector T cell subsets, supporting the role of FA metabolism for Treg function. Furthermore, we are able to simultaneously detect glucose and fatty acid uptake directly within the tumor microenvironment. Cumulatively, our results suggest that this novel fluorescent probe is a powerful tool to understand FA utilization within the tumor, thereby providing an unprecedented opportunity to study T cell FA metabolism in-vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Muroski
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
| | - Jason Miska
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
| | - Alan L Chang
- Committee on Cancer Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
| | - Aida Rashidi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
| | - Haley Moore
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
| | - Aurora Lopez-Rosas
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
| | - Maciej S Lesniak
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA.
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Beyer S, Fleming J, Meng W, Singh R, Haque SJ, Chakravarti A. The Role of miRNAs in Angiogenesis, Invasion and Metabolism and Their Therapeutic Implications in Gliomas. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9070085. [PMID: 28698530 PMCID: PMC5532621 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9070085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding, endogenous RNA molecules that function in gene silencing by post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. The dysregulation of miRNA plays a pivotal role in cancer tumorigenesis, including the development and progression of gliomas. Their small size, stability and ability to target multiple oncogenes have simultaneously distinguished miRNAs as attractive candidates for biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets for glioma patients. In this review, we summarize the most frequently cited miRNAs known to contribute to gliomagenesis and progression by regulating the defining hallmarks of gliomas, including angiogenesis, invasion, and cell metabolism. We also discuss their promising potential as prognostic and predictive biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets, in addition to the challenges that must be overcome before their translation from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasha Beyer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center & Arthur, G. James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, OH 43012, USA.
| | - Jessica Fleming
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center & Arthur, G. James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, OH 43012, USA.
| | - Wei Meng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center & Arthur, G. James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, OH 43012, USA.
| | - Rajbir Singh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center & Arthur, G. James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, OH 43012, USA.
| | - S Jaharul Haque
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center & Arthur, G. James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, OH 43012, USA.
| | - Arnab Chakravarti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center & Arthur, G. James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, OH 43012, USA.
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Fidoamore A, Cristiano L, Laezza C, Galzio R, Benedetti E, Cinque B, Antonosante A, d'Angelo M, Castelli V, Cifone MG, Ippoliti R, Giordano A, Cimini A. Energy metabolism in glioblastoma stem cells: PPARα a metabolic adaptor to intratumoral microenvironment. Oncotarget 2017; 8:108430-108450. [PMID: 29312541 PMCID: PMC5752454 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB), the most-common cancer in the adult brain, despite surgery and radio/ chemotherapy, is to date almost incurable. Many hypoxic tumors, including GB, show metabolic reprogramming to sustain uncontrolled proliferation, hypoxic conditions and angiogenesis. Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptors (PPAR), particularly the α isotype, have been involved in the control of energetic metabolism. Herein, we characterized patient-derived GB neurospheres focusing on their energetic metabolism and PPARα expression. Moreover, we used a specific PPARα antagonist and studied its effects on the energetic metabolism and cell proliferation/survival of GB stem cells. The results obtained demonstrate that tumor neurospheres are metabolically reprogrammed up-regulating glucose transporter, glucose uptake and glycogen and lipid storage, mainly under hypoxic culture conditions. Treatment with the PPARα antagonist GW6471 resulted in decreased cell proliferation and neurospheres formation. Therefore, PPARα antagonism arises as a potent new strategy as adjuvant to gold standard therapies for GB for counteracting recurrences and opening the way for pre-clinical trials for this class of compounds. When tumor neurospheres were grown in hypoxic conditions in the presence of different glucose concentrations, the most diluted one (0.25g/L) mimicking the real concentration present in the neurosphere core, PPARα increase/PPARγ decrease, increased proliferation and cholesterol content, decreased glycogen particles and LDs were observed. All these responses were reverted by the 72 h treatment with the PPARα antagonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Fidoamore
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Loredana Cristiano
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Chiara Laezza
- Institute of Endocrinology and Experimental Oncology, IEOS, CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Renato Galzio
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Benedetti
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Benedetta Cinque
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Andrea Antonosante
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Michele d'Angelo
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Vanessa Castelli
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Cifone
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Ippoliti
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Annamaria Cimini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.,Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Gran Sasso National Laboratory (LNGS), Assergi, Italy
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Shi J, Hou S, Huang J, Wang S, Huan W, Huang C, Liu X, Jiang R, Qian W, Lu J, Wang X, Shi W, Huang R, Chen J. An MSN-PEG-IP drug delivery system and IL13Rα2 as targeted therapy for glioma. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:8970-8981. [PMID: 28443896 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr08786h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A combination of gene therapy and chemotherapy has recently received interest as a targeted therapy for glioma. A mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSN)-based vehicle coated with IL13Rα2-targeted peptide (IP) using polyethylene glycol (PEG), MSN-PEG-IP (MPI), was constructed and confirmed as a potential glioma-targeted drug delivery system in vitro. In this work, tissue microarray (TMA) results revealed that IL13Rα2 was over-expressed in human glioma tissues and that high expression of IL13Rα2 in patients was associated with poor survival. Doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded MPI (MPI/D) crossed the blood-brain barrier, specifically targeting glioma cells and significantly enhancing the cellular uptake of DOX in glioma cells compared with MSN/DOX (M/D) and MSN-PEG/DOX (MP/D), whereas the normal brain was not affected. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) examinations showed that the tumour size of glioma-bearing rats in the MPI/D-treated group was much smaller than those in the M/D and MP/D treated groups. Immunofluorescence results demonstrated that MPI/D treatment induced more apoptosis and much less proliferation than the other two treatments. However, the therapeutic effect was weak when IL13Rα2 was knocked down. Furthermore, U87 cells treated with IL-13 and MPI together could increase both STAT6 and P63 expression, which attenuated glioma cell proliferation, invasion and migration compared with cells treated with IL-13 alone. The results of the subcutaneous tumour model also revealed that IL13Rα2 knockdown could hinder cell proliferation and induce more apoptosis. The promising results suggested that MPI can not only deliver DOX to glioma in a targeted manner but also occupy IL13Rα2, which can promote IL-13 binding to IL13Rα1 and activation of the JAK-STAT pathway to induce an anti-glioma effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Shi
- Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Centre of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
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Geng F, Guo D. Lipid droplets, potential biomarker and metabolic target in glioblastoma. INTERNAL MEDICINE REVIEW (WASHINGTON, D.C. : ONLINE) 2017; 3:10.18103/imr.v3i5.443. [PMID: 29034362 PMCID: PMC5639724 DOI: 10.18103/imr.v3i5.443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are subcellular organelles that store large amounts of the neutral lipids, triglycerides (TG) and/or cholesteryl esters (CE). LDs are commonly formed in adipocytes, liver cells and macrophages, and their formation has been shown to be associated with the progression of metabolic diseases, i.e., obesity, fatty liver and atherosclerosis. Interestingly, LDs are also found in some tumor tissues. We recently showed that LDs are prevalent in glioblastoma (GBM), the most deadly brain tumor, but are not detectable in low-grade gliomas and normal brain tissues, suggesting that LDs may serve as a novel diagnostic biomarker for GBM. This short review will briefly introduce LD biology, summarize recent observations about LDs in several types of cancer tissues, and discuss LD formation in GBM. Moreover, we will highlight the role of SOAT1 (sterol-O transferase 1), a key enzyme regulating CE synthesis and LD formation in GBM, in the regulation of SREBP (sterol regulatory-element binding protein) activation. The therapeutic potential of LDs and SOAT1 will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Geng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University James Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Deliang Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University James Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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121
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Ru P, Guo D. microRNA-29 mediates a novel negative feedback loop to regulate SCAP/SREBP-1 and lipid metabolism. RNA & DISEASE 2017; 4. [PMID: 28664184 DOI: 10.14800/rd.1525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The membrane-bound transcription factors, SREBPs (sterol regulatory element-binding proteins), play a central role in regulating lipid metabolism. The transcriptional activation of SREBPs requires the key protein SCAP (SREBP-cleavage activating protein) to translocate their precursors from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi for subsequent proteolytic activation, a process tightly regulated by a cholesterol-mediated negative feedback loop. Our previous work showed that the SCAP/SREBP-1 pathway is significantly upregulated in human glioblastoma (GBM), the most deadly brain cancer, and that glucose-mediated N-glycosylation of SCAP is a prerequisite step for SCAP/SREBP trafficking. More recently, we demonstrated that microRNA-29 (miR-29) mediates a previously unrecognized negative feedback loop in SCAP/SREBP-1 signaling to control lipid metabolism. We found that SREBP-1, functioning as a transcription factor, promotes the expression of the miR-29 family members, miR-29a, -29b and -29c. In turn, the miR-29 isoforms reversely repress the expression of SCAP and SREBP-1. Moreover, treatment with miR-29 mimics effectively suppressed GBM tumor growth by inhibiting SCAP/SREBP-1 and de novo lipid synthesis. These findings, recently published in Cell Reports, strongly suggest that delivery of miR-29 in vivo may be a promising approach to treat cancer and metabolic diseases by suppressing SCAP/SREBP-1-regulated lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ru
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University James Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Deliang Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University James Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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122
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Batova A, Altomare D, Creek KE, Naviaux RK, Wang L, Li K, Green E, Williams R, Naviaux JC, Diccianni M, Yu AL. Englerin A induces an acute inflammatory response and reveals lipid metabolism and ER stress as targetable vulnerabilities in renal cell carcinoma. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172632. [PMID: 28296891 PMCID: PMC5351975 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is among the top ten most common forms of cancer and is the most common malignancy of the kidney. Clear cell renal carcinoma (cc-RCC), the most common type of RCC, is one of the most refractory cancers with an incidence that is on the rise. Screening of plant extracts in search of new anti-cancer agents resulted in the discovery of englerin A, a guaiane sesquiterpene with potent cytotoxicity against renal cancer cells and a small subset of other cancer cells. Though a few cellular targets have been identified for englerin A, it is still not clear what mechanisms account for the cytotoxicity of englerin A in RCC, which occurs at concentrations well below those used to engage the targets previously identified. Unlike any prior study, the current study used a systems biology approach to explore the mechanism(s) of action of englerin A. Metabolomics analyses indicated that englerin A profoundly altered lipid metabolism by 24 h in cc-RCC cell lines and generated significant levels of ceramides that were highly toxic to these cells. Microarray analyses determined that englerin A induced ER stress signaling and an acute inflammatory response, which was confirmed by quantitative PCR and Western Blot analyses. Additionally, fluorescence confocal microscopy revealed that englerin A at 25 nM disrupted the morphology of the ER confirming the deleterious effect of englerin A on the ER. Collectively, our findings suggest that cc-RCC is highly sensitive to disruptions in lipid metabolism and ER stress and that these vulnerabilities can be targeted for the treatment of cc-RCC and possibly other lipid storing cancers. Furthermore, our results suggest that ceramides may be a mediator of some of the actions of englerin A. Lastly, the acute inflammatory response induced by englerin A may mediate anti-tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Batova
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Diego Altomare
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kim E. Creek
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Robert K. Naviaux
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, California, United States of America
- The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Lin Wang
- The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Kefeng Li
- The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Erica Green
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Richard Williams
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Jane C. Naviaux
- The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Mitchell Diccianni
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Alice L. Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, California, United States of America
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Ye X, Anjum K, Song T, Wang W, Liang Y, Chen M, Huang H, Lian XY, Zhang Z. Antiproliferative cyclodepsipeptides from the marine actinomycete Streptomyces sp. P11-23B downregulating the tumor metabolic enzymes of glycolysis, glutaminolysis, and lipogenesis. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2017; 135:151-159. [PMID: 28049552 PMCID: PMC7111624 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2016.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Two cyclodepsipeptides and a known cyclodepsipeptide valinomycin were isolated from a culture of the marine actinomycete Streptomyces sp. P11-23B. Their structures were established based on NMR, HRESIMS, and MS-MS spectroscopic interpretation as well as by chemical degradation. Both streptodepsipeptides P11A and P11B inhibited proliferation of different glioma cell lines, with IC50 values ranging from 0.1 μM to 1.4 μM. Streptodepsipeptide P11A was found to block the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase and induce apoptosis in glioma cells. Further investigation demonstrated that streptodepsipeptide P11A downregulated expression of HK2, PFKFB3, PKM2, GLS, and FASN, important tumor metabolic enzymes. Data from this study suggested that targeting multiple tumor metabolic regulators might be one anti-glioma mechanism of streptodepsipeptide P11A. A possible mechanism for this class of streptodepsipeptides is reported herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Ye
- Ocean College, Zhoushan Campus, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China
| | - Komal Anjum
- Ocean College, Zhoushan Campus, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China
| | - Tengfei Song
- Ocean College, Zhoushan Campus, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China
| | - Wenling Wang
- Ocean College, Zhoushan Campus, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China
| | - Ying Liang
- Ocean College, Zhoushan Campus, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China
| | - Mengxuan Chen
- Ocean College, Zhoushan Campus, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China
| | - Haocai Huang
- Ocean College, Zhoushan Campus, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China
| | - Xiao-Yuan Lian
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Zhizhen Zhang
- Ocean College, Zhoushan Campus, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China.
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124
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Panosyan EH, Lin HJ, Koster J, Lasky JL. In search of druggable targets for GBM amino acid metabolism. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:162. [PMID: 28245795 PMCID: PMC5331648 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3148-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amino acid (AA) pathways may contain druggable targets for glioblastoma (GBM). Literature reviews and GBM database ( http://r2.amc.nl ) analyses were carried out to screen for such targets among 95 AA related enzymes. METHODS First, we identified the genes that were differentially expressed in GBMs (3 datasets) compared to non-GBM brain tissues (5 datasets), or were associated with survival differences. Further, protein expression for these enzymes was also analyzed in high grade gliomas (HGGs) (proteinatlas.org). Finally, AA enzyme and gene expression were compared among the 4 TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) subtypes of GBMs. RESULTS We detected differences in enzymes involved in glutamate and urea cycle metabolism in GBM. For example, expression levels of BCAT1 (branched chain amino acid transferase 1) and ASL (argininosuccinate lyase) were high, but ASS1 (argininosuccinate synthase 1) was low in GBM. Proneural and neural TCGA subtypes had low expression of all three. High expression of all three correlated with worse outcome. ASL and ASS1 protein levels were mostly undetected in high grade gliomas, whereas BCAT1 was high. GSS (glutathione synthetase) was not differentially expressed, but higher levels were linked to poor progression free survival. ASPA (aspartoacylase) and GOT1 (glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 1) had lower expression in GBM (associated with poor outcomes). All three GABA related genes -- glutamate decarboxylase 1 (GAD1) and 2 (GAD2) and 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase (ABAT) -- were lower in mesenchymal tumors, which in contrast showed higher IDO1 (indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1) and TDO2 (tryptophan 2, 3-diaxygenase). Expression of PRODH (proline dehydrogenase), a putative tumor suppressor, was lower in GBM. Higher levels predicted poor survival. CONCLUSIONS Several AA-metabolizing enzymes that are higher in GBM, are also linked to poor outcome (such as BCAT1), which makes them potential targets for therapeutic inhibition. Moreover, existing drugs that deplete asparagine and arginine may be effective against brain tumors, and should be studied in conjunction with chemotherapy. Last, AA metabolism is heterogeneous in TCGA subtypes of GBM (as well as medulloblastomas and other pediatric tumors), which may translate to variable responses to AA targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard H. Panosyan
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Box 468, 1000 W. Carson Street, N25, Torrance, CA 90509 USA
| | - Henry J. Lin
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Box 468, 1000 W. Carson Street, N25, Torrance, CA 90509 USA
| | - Jan Koster
- Department of Oncogenomics, Academic Medical Center of the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joseph L. Lasky
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Box 468, 1000 W. Carson Street, N25, Torrance, CA 90509 USA
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125
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Kohe S, Colmenero I, McConville C, Peet A. Immunohistochemical staining of lipid droplets with adipophilin in paraffin-embedded glioma tissue identifies an association between lipid droplets and tumour grade. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.7243/2055-091x-4-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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126
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Cheng C, Guo JY, Geng F, Wu X, Cheng X, Li Q, Guo D. Analysis of SCAP N-glycosylation and Trafficking in Human Cells. J Vis Exp 2016. [PMID: 27911384 DOI: 10.3791/54709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated lipogenesis is a common characteristic of cancer and metabolic diseases. Sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs), a family of membrane-bound transcription factors controlling the expression of genes important for the synthesis of cholesterol, fatty acids and phospholipids, are frequently upregulated in these diseases. In the process of SREBP nuclear translocation, SREBP-cleavage activating protein (SCAP) plays a central role in the trafficking of SREBP from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi and in subsequent proteolysis activation. Recently, we uncovered that glucose-mediated N-glycosylation of SCAP is a prerequisite condition for the exit of SCAP/SREBP from the ER and movement to the Golgi. N-glycosylation stabilizes SCAP and directs SCAP/SREBP trafficking. Here, we describe a protocol for the isolation of membrane fractions in human cells and for the preparation of the samples for the detection of SCAP N-glycosylation and total protein by using western blot. We further provide a method to monitor SCAP trafficking by using confocal microscopy. This protocol is appropriate for the investigation of SCAP N-glycosylation and trafficking in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunming Cheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine
| | - Jeffrey Yunhua Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine
| | - Feng Geng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine
| | - Xiaoning Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine
| | - Xiang Cheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine
| | - Qiyue Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine
| | - Deliang Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine;
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127
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Geng F, Cheng X, Wu X, Yoo JY, Cheng C, Guo JY, Mo X, Ru P, Hurwitz B, Kim SH, Otero J, Puduvalli V, Lefai E, Ma J, Nakano I, Horbinski C, Kaur B, Chakravarti A, Guo D. Inhibition of SOAT1 Suppresses Glioblastoma Growth via Blocking SREBP-1-Mediated Lipogenesis. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:5337-5348. [PMID: 27281560 PMCID: PMC5093025 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-2973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Elevated lipogenesis regulated by sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1), a transcription factor playing a central role in lipid metabolism, is a novel characteristic of glioblastoma (GBM). The aim of this study was to identify effective approaches to suppress GBM growth by inhibition of SREBP-1. As SREBP activation is negatively regulated by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) cholesterol, we sought to determine whether suppression of sterol O-acyltransferase (SOAT), a key enzyme converting ER cholesterol to cholesterol esters (CE) to store in lipid droplets (LDs), effectively suppressed SREBP-1 and blocked GBM growth. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The presence of LDs in glioma patient tumor tissues was analyzed using immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, and electronic microscopy. Western blotting and real-time PCR were performed to analyze protein levels and gene expression of GBM cells, respectively. Intracranial GBM xenografts were used to determine the effects of genetically silencing SOAT1 and SREBP-1 on tumor growth. RESULTS Our study unraveled that cholesterol esterification and LD formation are signature of GBM, and human patients with glioma possess elevated LDs that correlate with GBM progression and poor survival. We revealed that SOAT1 is highly expressed in GBM and functions as a key player in controlling the cholesterol esterification and storage in GBM. Targeting SOAT1 suppresses GBM growth and prolongs survival in xenograft models via inhibition of SREBP-1-regulated lipid synthesis. CONCLUSIONS Cholesterol esterification and storage in LDs are novel characteristics of GBM, and inhibiting SOAT1 to block cholesterol esterification is a promising therapeutic strategy to treat GBM by suppressing SREBP-1. Clin Cancer Res; 22(21); 5337-48. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Geng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Comprehensive Cancer Center & Arthur G James Cancer Hospital, The Ohio State Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Xiang Cheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Comprehensive Cancer Center & Arthur G James Cancer Hospital, The Ohio State Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Xiaoning Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Comprehensive Cancer Center & Arthur G James Cancer Hospital, The Ohio State Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Ji Young Yoo
- Department of Neurosurgery, James Comprehensive Cancer Center & Arthur G James Cancer Hospital, The Ohio State Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Chunming Cheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Comprehensive Cancer Center & Arthur G James Cancer Hospital, The Ohio State Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jeffrey Yunhua Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Comprehensive Cancer Center & Arthur G James Cancer Hospital, The Ohio State Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Xiaokui Mo
- Center for Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical Informatics, James Comprehensive Cancer Center & Arthur G James Cancer Hospital, The Ohio State Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Peng Ru
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Comprehensive Cancer Center & Arthur G James Cancer Hospital, The Ohio State Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Brian Hurwitz
- Department of Neurosurgery, James Comprehensive Cancer Center & Arthur G James Cancer Hospital, The Ohio State Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Sung-Hak Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery at University Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jose Otero
- Department of Pathology, James Comprehensive Cancer Center & Arthur G James Cancer Hospital, The Ohio State Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Vinay Puduvalli
- Department of Neurosurgery, James Comprehensive Cancer Center & Arthur G James Cancer Hospital, The Ohio State Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Etienne Lefai
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRA 1397, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Sud, University de Lyon, Oullins, France
| | - Jianjie Ma
- Department of Surgery, James Comprehensive Cancer Center & Arthur G James Cancer Hospital, The Ohio State Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Ichiro Nakano
- Department of Neurosurgery at University Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Craig Horbinski
- Departments of Pathology and Neurosurgery at Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Balveen Kaur
- Department of Neurosurgery, James Comprehensive Cancer Center & Arthur G James Cancer Hospital, The Ohio State Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Arnab Chakravarti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Comprehensive Cancer Center & Arthur G James Cancer Hospital, The Ohio State Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Deliang Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Comprehensive Cancer Center & Arthur G James Cancer Hospital, The Ohio State Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio.
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128
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Bao J, Zhu L, Zhu Q, Su J, Liu M, Huang W. SREBP-1 is an independent prognostic marker and promotes invasion and migration in breast cancer. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:2409-2416. [PMID: 27703522 PMCID: PMC5038874 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Re-programming of lipogenic signaling has been previously demonstrated to result in significant alterations in tumor cell pathology. Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP-1) is a known transcription factor of lipogenic genes. Despite the fact that its functions in proliferation and apoptosis have been elucidated in recent studies, its role in tumor cell migration and invasion, particularly in breast cancer, remains unclear. In present study, the messenger RNA and protein expression levels of SREBP-1 in cancer tissues were observed to be overexpressed compared with those in matched para-cancerous tissues (P<0.01). SREBP-1 level was highly positively correlated with tumor differentiation (P<0.001), tumor-node-metastasis stage (P=0.044) and lymph node metastasis (P<0.001). High expression of SREBP-1 predicted poor prognosis in patients with breast cancer. Additionally, multivariate analysis revealed that SREBP-1 was an independent factor of 5-year overall and disease-specific survival in breast cancer patients (P<0.01). In vitro studies revealed that the suppression of SREBP-1 expression in both MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 cells significantly inhibited cell migration and invasion (P<0.01). The present data indicate that SREBP-1 plays a critical role in breast cancer migration and invasion, and may serve as a prognostic marker of this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisheng Bao
- Department of Geriatrics, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi Second Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214002, P.R. China
| | - Liping Zhu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi Second Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214002, P.R. China
| | - Qi Zhu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi Second Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214002, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Su
- Department of Geriatrics, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi Second Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214002, P.R. China
| | - Menglan Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi Second Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214002, P.R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Geriatrics, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi Second Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214002, P.R. China
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129
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Ru P, Hu P, Geng F, Mo X, Cheng C, Yoo JY, Cheng X, Wu X, Guo JY, Nakano I, Lefai E, Kaur B, Chakravarti A, Guo D. Feedback Loop Regulation of SCAP/SREBP-1 by miR-29 Modulates EGFR Signaling-Driven Glioblastoma Growth. Cell Rep 2016; 16:1527-1535. [PMID: 27477273 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated lipid metabolism is a characteristic of malignancies. Sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP-1), a transcription factor playing a central role in lipid metabolism, is highly activated in malignancies. Here, we unraveled a link between miR-29 and the SCAP (SREBP cleavage-activating protein)/SREBP-1 pathway in glioblastoma (GBM) growth. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling enhances miR-29 expression in GBM cells via upregulation of SCAP/SREBP-1, and SREBP-1 activates miR-29 expression via binding to specific sites in its promoter. In turn, miR-29 inhibits SCAP and SREBP-1 expression by interacting with their 3' UTRs. miR-29 transfection suppressed lipid synthesis and GBM cell growth, which were rescued by the addition of fatty acids or N-terminal SREBP-1 expression. Xenograft studies showed that miR-29 mimics significantly inhibit GBM growth and prolong the survival of GBM-bearing mice. Our study reveals a previously unrecognized negative feedback loop in SCAP/SREBP-1 signaling mediated by miR-29 and suggests that miR-29 treatment may represent an effective means to target GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ru
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Peng Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Feng Geng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Xiaokui Mo
- Center for Biostatistics, Department of Bioinformatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Chunming Cheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Ji Young Yoo
- Department of Neurosurgery, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Xiang Cheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Xiaoning Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jeffrey Yunhua Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Ichiro Nakano
- Department of Neurosurgery and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Etienne Lefai
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRA 1397, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Sud BP 12, Université de Lyon, 69921 Oullins Cedex, France
| | - Balveen Kaur
- Department of Neurosurgery, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Arnab Chakravarti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Deliang Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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130
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Kahlert UD, Mooney SM, Natsumeda M, Steiger HJ, Maciaczyk J. Targeting cancer stem-like cells in glioblastoma and colorectal cancer through metabolic pathways. Int J Cancer 2016; 140:10-22. [PMID: 27389307 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) are thought to be the main cause of tumor occurrence, progression and therapeutic resistance. Strong research efforts in the last decade have led to the development of several tailored approaches to target CSCs with some very promising clinical trials underway; however, until now no anti-CSC therapy has been approved for clinical use. Given the recent improvement in our understanding of how onco-proteins can manipulate cellular metabolic networks to promote tumorigenesis, cancer metabolism research may well lead to innovative strategies to identify novel regulators and downstream mediators of CSC maintenance. Interfering with distinct stages of CSC-associated metabolics may elucidate novel, more efficient strategies to target this highly malignant cell population. Here recent discoveries regarding the metabolic properties attributed to CSCs in glioblastoma (GBM) and malignant colorectal cancer (CRC) were summarized. The association between stem cell markers, the response to hypoxia and other environmental stresses including therapeutic insults as well as developmentally conserved signaling pathways with alterations in cellular bioenergetic networks were also discussed. The recent developments in metabolic imaging to identify CSCs were also summarized. This summary should comprehensively update basic and clinical scientists on the metabolic traits of CSCs in GBM and malignant CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- U D Kahlert
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heinrich-Heine University Medical Center, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - S M Mooney
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - M Natsumeda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - H-J Steiger
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heinrich-Heine University Medical Center, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - J Maciaczyk
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heinrich-Heine University Medical Center, Düsseldorf, Germany
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131
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Abstract
We recently uncovered that glucose is a critical activator of sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs). Glucose promotes SREBP-cleavage activating protein (SCAP)/SREBP complex trafficking from the ER to the Golgi and subsequent SREBP activation via N-glycosylation of SCAP. Our study also demonstrated that SCAP plays a critical role in tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deliang Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio 43210
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132
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New look inside human breast ducts with Raman imaging. Raman candidates as diagnostic markers for breast cancer prognosis: Mammaglobin, palmitic acid and sphingomyelin. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 909:91-100. [PMID: 26851089 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Looking inside the human body fascinated mankind for thousands of years. Current diagnostic and therapy methods are often limited by inadequate sensitivity, specificity and spatial resolution. Raman imaging may bring revolution in monitoring of disease and treatment. The main advantage of Raman imaging is that it gives spatial information about various chemical constituents in defined cellular organelles in contrast to conventional methods (liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry, NMR, HPLC) that rely on bulk or fractionated analyses of extracted components. We demonstrated how Raman imaging can drive the progress on breast cancer just unimaginable a few years ago. We looked inside human breast ducts answering fundamental questions about location and distribution of various biochemical components inside the lumen, epithelial cells of the duct and the stroma around the duct during cancer development. We have identified Raman candidates as diagnostic markers for breast cancer prognosis: carotenoids, mammaglobin, palmitic acid and sphingomyelin as key molecular targets in ductal breast cancer in situ, and propose the molecular mechanisms linking oncogenes with lipid programming.
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133
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Fogal V, Babic I, Chao Y, Pastorino S, Mukthavaram R, Jiang P, Cho YJ, Pingle SC, Crawford JR, Piccioni DE, Kesari S. Mitochondrial p32 is upregulated in Myc expressing brain cancers and mediates glutamine addiction. Oncotarget 2015; 6:1157-70. [PMID: 25528767 PMCID: PMC4359224 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a key feature of tumorigenesis that is controlled by oncogenes. Enhanced utilization of glucose and glutamine are the best-established hallmarks of tumor metabolism. The oncogene c-Myc is one of the major players responsible for this metabolic alteration. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in Myc-induced metabolic reprogramming are not well defined. Here we identify p32, a mitochondrial protein known to play a role in the expression of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes, as a critical player in Myc-induced glutamine addiction. We show that p32 is a direct transcriptional target of Myc and that high level of Myc in malignant brain cancers correlates with high expression of p32. Attenuation of p32 expression reduced growth rate of glioma cells expressing Myc and impaired tumor formation in vivo. Loss of p32 in glutamine addicted glioma cells induced resistance to glutamine deprivation and imparted sensitivity to glucose withdrawal. Finally, we provide evidence that p32 expression contributes to Myc-induced glutamine addiction of cancer cells. Our findings suggest that Myc promotes the expression of p32, which is required to maintain sufficient respiratory capacity to sustain glutamine metabolism in Myc transformed cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Fogal
- Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Ivan Babic
- Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Ying Chao
- Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Sandra Pastorino
- Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Rajesh Mukthavaram
- Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Pengfei Jiang
- Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | | | - Sandeep C Pingle
- Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - John R Crawford
- Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA.,Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - David E Piccioni
- Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA.,Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Santosh Kesari
- Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA.Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA.,Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA.Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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134
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Novel application of chemical shift gradient echo in- and opposed-phase sequences in 3 T MRI for the detection of H-MRS visible lipids and grading of glioma. Eur Radiol 2015; 26:2019-29. [PMID: 26560718 PMCID: PMC4902846 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-015-4045-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Objectives We evaluated the feasibility of using chemical shift gradient-echo (GE) in- and opposed-phase (IOP) imaging to grade glioma. Methods A phantom study was performed to investigate the correlation of 1H MRS-visible lipids with the signal loss ratio (SLR) obtained using IOP imaging. A cross-sectional study approved by the institutional review board was carried out in 22 patients with different glioma grades. The patients underwent scanning using IOP imaging and single-voxel spectroscopy (SVS) using 3T MRI. The brain spectra acquisitions from solid and cystic components were obtained and correlated with the SLR for different grades. Results The phantom study showed a positive linear correlation between lipid quantification at 0.9 parts per million (ppm) and 1.3 ppm with SLR (r = 0.79–0.99, p < 0.05). In the clinical study, we found that SLR at the solid portions was the best measure for differentiating glioma grades using optimal cut-points of 0.064 and 0.086 with classification probabilities for grade II (SII = 1), grade III (SIII = 0.50) and grade IV (SIV = 0.89). Conclusions The results underscore the lipid quantification differences in grades of glioma and provide a more comprehensive characterization by using SLR in chemical shift GE IOP imaging. SLR in IOP sequence demonstrates good performance in glioma grading. Key Points • Strong correlation was seen between lipid concentration and SLR obtained using IOP • IOP sequence demonstrates significant differences in signal loss within the glioma grades • SLR at solid tumour portions was the best measure for differentiation • This sequence is applicable in a research capacity for glioma staging armamentarium
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Cheng C, Ru P, Geng F, Liu J, Yoo JY, Wu X, Cheng X, Euthine V, Hu P, Guo JY, Lefai E, Kaur B, Nohturfft A, Ma J, Chakravarti A, Guo D. Glucose-Mediated N-glycosylation of SCAP Is Essential for SREBP-1 Activation and Tumor Growth. Cancer Cell 2015; 28:569-581. [PMID: 26555173 PMCID: PMC4643405 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2015.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tumorigenesis is associated with increased glucose consumption and lipogenesis, but how these pathways are interlinked is unclear. Here, we delineate a pathway in which EGFR signaling, by increasing glucose uptake, promotes N-glycosylation of sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) cleavage-activating protein (SCAP) and consequent activation of SREBP-1, an ER-bound transcription factor with central roles in lipid metabolism. Glycosylation stabilizes SCAP and reduces its association with Insig-1, allowing movement of SCAP/SREBP to the Golgi and consequent proteolytic activation of SREBP. Xenograft studies reveal that blocking SCAP N-glycosylation ameliorates EGFRvIII-driven glioblastoma growth. Thus, SCAP acts as key glucose-responsive protein linking oncogenic signaling and fuel availability to SREBP-dependent lipogenesis. Targeting SCAP N-glycosylation may provide a promising means of treating malignancies and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunming Cheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Peng Ru
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Feng Geng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Junfeng Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Ji Young Yoo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Xiaoning Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Xiang Cheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Vanessa Euthine
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRA 1397, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Sud BP 12, Université de Lyon, 69921 Oullins Cedex, France
| | - Peng Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jeffrey Yunhua Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Etienne Lefai
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRA 1397, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Sud BP 12, Université de Lyon, 69921 Oullins Cedex, France
| | - Balveen Kaur
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Axel Nohturfft
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, St. George's University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Jianjie Ma
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Arnab Chakravarti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Deliang Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Sun Y, He W, Luo M, Zhou Y, Chang G, Ren W, Wu K, Li X, Shen J, Zhao X, Hu Y. SREBP1 regulates tumorigenesis and prognosis of pancreatic cancer through targeting lipid metabolism. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:4133-41. [PMID: 25589463 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3047-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1) is a known transcription factor of lipogenic genes, which plays important roles in regulating de novo lipogenesis. Accumulating evidences indicate SREBP1 is involved in tumorigenesis, yet its role in pancreatic cancer remains unclear. Here, we explored the expression characteristic and function of SREBP1 in pancreatic cancer. Analysis of 60 patients with pancreatic ducat cancer showed that SREBP1 level was significantly higher in pancreatic cancer than that in adjacent normal tissues. High expression of SREBP1 predicted poor prognosis in patients with pancreatic cancer. Multivariate analysis revealed that SREBP1 was an independent factor affecting overall survival. SREBP1 silencing resulted in proliferation inhibition and induction of apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. Mechanistically, lipogenic genes (acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FASN), and stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1)) and de novo lipogenesis were promoted by SREBP1. Inhibition of lipogenic genes through specific inhibitors ablated SREBP1-mediated growth regulation. Furthermore, depletion of SREBP1 could suppress lipid metabolism and tumor growth in vivo. Our results indicate that SREBP1 had important role in tumor progression and appears to be a novel prognostic marker for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
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Abstract
Constitutively activated oncogenic signaling via genetic mutations such as in the EGFR/PI3K/Akt and Ras/RAF/MEK pathways has been recognized as a major driver for tumorigenesis in most cancers. Recent insights into tumor metabolism have further revealed that oncogenic signaling pathways directly promote metabolic reprogramming to upregulate biosynthesis of lipids, carbohydrates, protein, DNA and RNA, leading to enhanced growth of human tumors. Therefore, targeting cell metabolism has become a novel direction for drug development in oncology. In malignant gliomas, metabolism pathways of glucose, glutamine and lipid are significantly reprogrammed. Moreover, molecular mechanisms causing these metabolic changes are just starting to be unraveled. In this review, we will summarize recent studies revealing critical gene alterations that lead to metabolic changes in malignant gliomas, and also discuss promising therapeutic strategies via targeting the key players in metabolic regulation.
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