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Lee JE, Cho YU, Kim KH, Lee DY. Distinctive metabolomic responses of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to the chemical elicitation by methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid. Process Biochem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2016.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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102
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García-García JD, Sánchez-Thomas R, Moreno-Sánchez R. Bio-recovery of non-essential heavy metals by intra- and extracellular mechanisms in free-living microorganisms. Biotechnol Adv 2016; 34:859-873. [PMID: 27184302 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Free-living microorganisms may become suitable models for recovery of non-essential and essential heavy metals from wastewater bodies and soils by using and enhancing their accumulating and/or leaching abilities. This review analyzes the variety of different mechanisms developed mainly in bacteria, protists and microalgae to accumulate heavy metals, being the most relevant those involving phytochelatin and metallothionein biosyntheses; phosphate/polyphosphate metabolism; compartmentalization of heavy metal-complexes into vacuoles, chloroplasts and mitochondria; and secretion of malate and other organic acids. Cyanide biosynthesis for extra-cellular heavy metal bioleaching is also examined. These metabolic/cellular processes are herein analyzed at the transcriptional, kinetic and metabolic levels to provide mechanistic basis for developing genetically engineered microorganisms with greater capacities and efficiencies for heavy metal recovery, recycling of heavy metals, biosensing of metal ions, and engineering of metalloenzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge D García-García
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", México D.F. 14080, México.
| | - Rosina Sánchez-Thomas
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", México D.F. 14080, México
| | - Rafael Moreno-Sánchez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", México D.F. 14080, México
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103
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Minhas AK, Hodgson P, Barrow CJ, Adholeya A. A Review on the Assessment of Stress Conditions for Simultaneous Production of Microalgal Lipids and Carotenoids. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:546. [PMID: 27199903 PMCID: PMC4853371 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgal species are potential resource of both biofuels and high-value metabolites, and their production is growth dependent. Growth parameters can be screened for the selection of novel microalgal species that produce molecules of interest. In this context our review confirms that, autotrophic and heterotrophic organisms have demonstrated a dual potential, namely the ability to produce lipids as well as value-added products (particularly carotenoids) under influence of various physico-chemical stresses on microalgae. Some species of microalgae can synthesize, besides some pigments, very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VL-PUFA,>20C) such as docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid, those have significant applications in food and health. Producing value-added by-products in addition to biofuels, fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), and lipids has the potential to improve microalgae-based biorefineries by employing either the autotrophic or the heterotrophic mode, which could be an offshoot of biotechnology. The review considers the potential of microalgae to produce a range of products and indicates future directions for developing suitable criteria for choosing novel isolates through bioprospecting large gene pool of microalga obtained from various habitats and climatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amritpreet K. Minhas
- Biotechnology and Bioresources Division, TERI-Deakin Nanobiotechnology Centre, The Energy and Resources Institute, India Habitat CentreNew Delhi, India
| | - Peter Hodgson
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin UniversityVictoria, VIC, Australia
| | - Colin J. Barrow
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin UniversityVictoria, VIC, Australia
| | - Alok Adholeya
- Biotechnology and Bioresources Division, TERI-Deakin Nanobiotechnology Centre, The Energy and Resources Institute, India Habitat CentreNew Delhi, India
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104
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105
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Moradi kor N, Akbari M, Olfati A. The effects of different levels of Chlorella microalgae on blood biochemical parameters and trace mineral concentrations of laying hens reared under heat stress condition. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2016; 60:757-762. [PMID: 26431701 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-015-1071-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of different supplementation levels of Chlorella microalgae on serum metabolites and the plasma content of minerals in laying hens reared under heat stress condition (27.5-36.7 °C, variable). A total number of 378 (40 weeks of age, with mean body weight of 1390 ± 120 g) were randomly allocated to six treatments with seven replicates. The birds were randomly assigned to 6 treatments (C, T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5) with 7 replicate cages of 9 birds. C. microalgae at the rates of 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 ppm with water were offered to groups T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5, respectively, while group C served as a control. At 71 days of trial, blood samples (14 samples per treatment) were taken for measuring serum metabolites and at 72 days for plasma mineral analysis. The results of this experiment showed that the supplementation of 200-500 ppm C. microalgae decreased the serum content of cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL (P < 0.05) whereas HDL content increased (P < 0.05) in the hens supplemented with C. microalgae (300 or 400 and 500 ppm). C. microalgae at rates of 300-500 ppm caused a marked (P < 0.05) increase in the plasma content of manganese or iodine and selenium but other minerals were not statistically different among treatments. Overall, from the results of the present experiment, it can be concluded that supplementation of C. microalgae at high rates was beneficial on blood parameters of laying hens reared under heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasroallah Moradi kor
- Research Center of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Akbari
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ali Olfati
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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106
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Zhang BB, Wang L, Charles V, Rooke JC, Su BL. Robust and Biocompatible Hybrid Matrix with Controllable Permeability for Microalgae Encapsulation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:8939-8946. [PMID: 27027232 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid beads with entrapped microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii were synthesized for the sustainable production of high value metabolites via photosynthesis. Encapsulating the microalgae requires an exquisite control of material properties, which has been achieved by modifying the composition (alginate, polycation, and silica). A coating of PDADMAC precluded cell leakage as indicated by the OD750 value of the culture medium, and the homogeneous distribution of silica prevented bead shrinkage from the strong electronic force of PDADMAC, resulting in a robust and biocompatible matrix for the cells. Besides fabricating suitable porous beads for the diffusion of expected metabolites, the permeability can be controlled to a certain degree by applying different molecular weights of PDADMAC. The hybrid alginate+silica/CaCl2+PDADMAC beads possessed sufficient mechanical rigidity to sheer force under constant stirring and good chemical stability to chelating agents such as sodium citrate. Moreover, the encapsulated cells exhibited excellent long-term viability and cellular functionality, which retained about 81.5% of the original value after a 120 day encapsulation as observed by microscopy and oximetry measurement. This study is not only significant for understanding the critical role of polycations and silica involved in the synthesis of hybrid beads but also important for real-scale bioengineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Bo Zhang
- Laboratory of Inorganic Materials Chemistry, University of Namur , rue de Bruxelles, 61, Namur B-5000, Belgium
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Li Wang
- Laboratory of Inorganic Materials Chemistry, University of Namur , rue de Bruxelles, 61, Namur B-5000, Belgium
- Laboratory of Living Materials, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology , Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Valérie Charles
- Laboratory of Inorganic Materials Chemistry, University of Namur , rue de Bruxelles, 61, Namur B-5000, Belgium
| | - Joanna C Rooke
- Laboratory of Inorganic Materials Chemistry, University of Namur , rue de Bruxelles, 61, Namur B-5000, Belgium
| | - Bao-Lian Su
- Laboratory of Inorganic Materials Chemistry, University of Namur , rue de Bruxelles, 61, Namur B-5000, Belgium
- Laboratory of Living Materials, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology , Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
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Baulina O, Gorelova O, Solovchenko A, Chivkunova O, Semenova L, Selyakh I, Scherbakov P, Burakova O, Lobakova E. Diversity of the nitrogen starvation responses in subarcticDesmodesmussp. (Chlorophyceae) strains isolated from symbioses with invertebrates. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2016; 92:fiw031. [DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiw031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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109
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Gribble MO, Karimi R, Feingold BJ, Nyland JF, O'Hara TM, Gladyshev MI, Chen CY. Mercury, selenium and fish oils in marine food webs and implications for human health. JOURNAL OF THE MARINE BIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED KINGDOM. MARINE BIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED KINGDOM 2016; 96:43-59. [PMID: 26834292 PMCID: PMC4720108 DOI: 10.1017/s0025315415001356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Humans who eat fish are exposed to mixtures of healthful nutrients and harmful contaminants that are influenced by environmental and ecological factors. Marine fisheries are composed of a multitude of species with varying life histories, and harvested in oceans, coastal waters and estuaries where environmental and ecological conditions determine fish exposure to both nutrients and contaminants. Many of these nutrients and contaminants are thought to influence similar health outcomes (i.e., neurological, cardiovascular, immunological systems). Therefore, our understanding of the risks and benefits of consuming seafood require balanced assessments of contaminants and nutrients found in fish and shellfish. In this paper, we review some of the reported benefits of fish consumption with a focus on the potential hazards of mercury exposure, and compare the environmental variability of fish oils, selenium and mercury in fish. A major scientific gap identified is that fish tissue concentrations are rarely measured for both contaminants and nutrients across a range of species and geographic regions. Interpreting the implications of seafood for human health will require a better understanding of these multiple exposures, particularly as environmental conditions in the oceans change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew O. Gribble
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Roxanne Karimi
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Beth J. Feingold
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany School of Public Health, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer F. Nyland
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Todd M. O'Hara
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Natural Science and Mathematics, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Michail I. Gladyshev
- Institute of Biophysics of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Celia Y. Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences – Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
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110
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Skjånes K, Andersen U, Heidorn T, Borgvang SA. Design and construction of a photobioreactor for hydrogen production, including status in the field. JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYCOLOGY 2016; 28:2205-2223. [PMID: 27471341 PMCID: PMC4947126 DOI: 10.1007/s10811-016-0789-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 01/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Several species of microalgae and phototrophic bacteria are able to produce hydrogen under certain conditions. A range of different photobioreactor systems have been used by different research groups for lab-scale hydrogen production experiments, and some few attempts have been made to upscale the hydrogen production process. Even though a photobioreactor system for hydrogen production does require special construction properties (e.g., hydrogen tight, mixing by other means than bubbling with air), only very few attempts have been made to design photobioreactors specifically for the purpose of hydrogen production. We have constructed a flat panel photobioreactor system that can be used in two modes: either for the cultivation of phototrophic microorganisms (upright and bubbling) or for the production of hydrogen or other anaerobic products (mixing by "rocking motion"). Special emphasis has been taken to avoid any hydrogen leakages, both by means of constructional and material choices. The flat plate photobioreactor system is controlled by a custom-built control system that can log and control temperature, pH, and optical density and additionally log the amount of produced gas and dissolved oxygen concentration. This paper summarizes the status in the field of photobioreactors for hydrogen production and describes in detail the design and construction of a purpose-built flat panel photobioreactor system, optimized for hydrogen production in terms of structural functionality, durability, performance, and selection of materials. The motivations for the choices made during the design process and advantages/disadvantages of previous designs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari Skjånes
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research—NIBIO, PO 115, N-1431 Ås, Norway
| | - Uno Andersen
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research—NIBIO, PO 115, N-1431 Ås, Norway
| | - Thorsten Heidorn
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research—NIBIO, PO 115, N-1431 Ås, Norway
| | - Stig A. Borgvang
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research—NIBIO, PO 115, N-1431 Ås, Norway
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111
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Ji C, Cao X, Liu H, Qu J, Yao C, Zou H, Xue S. Investigating Cellular Responses During Photohydrogen Production by the Marine Microalga Tetraselmis subcordiformis by Quantitative Proteome Analysis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 177:649-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1769-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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112
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de Morais MG, Vaz BDS, de Morais EG, Costa JAV. Biologically Active Metabolites Synthesized by Microalgae. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:835761. [PMID: 26339647 PMCID: PMC4538420 DOI: 10.1155/2015/835761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae are microorganisms that have different morphological, physiological, and genetic traits that confer the ability to produce different biologically active metabolites. Microalgal biotechnology has become a subject of study for various fields, due to the varied bioproducts that can be obtained from these microorganisms. When microalgal cultivation processes are better understood, microalgae can become an environmentally friendly and economically viable source of compounds of interest, because production can be optimized in a controlled culture. The bioactive compounds derived from microalgae have anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities, among others. Furthermore, these microorganisms have the ability to promote health and reduce the risk of the development of degenerative diseases. In this context, the aim of this review is to discuss bioactive metabolites produced by microalgae for possible applications in the life sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Greque de Morais
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Biochemistry, College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande, P.O. Box 474, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruna da Silva Vaz
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Biochemistry, College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande, P.O. Box 474, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Etiele Greque de Morais
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande, P.O. Box 474, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Jorge Alberto Vieira Costa
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande, P.O. Box 474, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
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113
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Ritcharoen W, Powtongsook S, Kangvansaichol K, Pavasant P. Effect of daytime CO2supplement on productivity and biochemical composition ofScenedesmus armatusunder outdoor cultivation. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2015.1015569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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114
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Desmet J, Meunier C, Danloy E, Duprez ME, Lox F, Thomas D, Hantson AL, Crine M, Toye D, Rooke J, Su BL. Highly efficient, long life, reusable and robust photosynthetic hybrid core–shell beads for the sustainable production of high value compounds. J Colloid Interface Sci 2015; 448:79-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2015.01.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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115
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Mussgnug JH. Genetic tools and techniques for Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:5407-18. [PMID: 26025017 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6698-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The development of tools has always been a major driving force for the advancement of science. Optical microscopes were the first instruments that allowed discovery and descriptive studies of the subcellular features of microorganisms. Although optical and electron microscopes remained at the forefront of microbiological research tools since their inventions, the advent of molecular genetics brought about questions which had to be addressed with new "genetic tools". The unicellular green microalgal genus Chlamydomonas, especially the most prominent species C. reinhardtii, has become a frequently used model organism for many diverse fields of research and molecular genetic analyses of C. reinhardtii, as well as the available genetic tools and techniques, have become increasingly sophisticated throughout the last decades. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the molecular key features of C. reinhardtii and summarize the progress related to the development of tools and techniques for genetic engineering of this organism, from pioneering DNA transformation experiments to state-of-the-art techniques for targeted nuclear genome editing and high-throughput screening approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan H Mussgnug
- Faculty of Biology, Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 27, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany,
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116
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Hallenbeck PC, Grogger M, Mraz M, Veverka D. Building a better mousetrap II: using Design of Experiments with unconfounded ions to compare the growth of different microalgae. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 184:90-99. [PMID: 25465789 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2014] [Revised: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A large number of unconfounded media variations were used with a Scheffe Mix Model to examine in an unambiguous fashion the effects of variations in six important ions; NH4(+), NO3(-), Na(+), K(+), PO4(-), and Cl(-), on the growth of Chlorella vulgaris. This allows several novel observations on media components, for example, the inhibitory effects of chloride, to be made. Using a side by side comparison, it is shown that two strains of Chlorella show significant physiological and functional differences brought out by this approach. Testing selected formulations with a diverse set of algae demonstrated different effects on both growth and cellular lipid content, in some cases driving significant lipid production. This suggests that future work using a larger portion of media composition space could lead to the development of novel media supporting maximal biomass production and lipid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick C Hallenbeck
- Life Sciences Research Center, Department of Biology, United States Air Force Academy, 2355 Faculty Drive, USAF Academy, CO 80840, United States.
| | - Melanie Grogger
- Life Sciences Research Center, Department of Biology, United States Air Force Academy, 2355 Faculty Drive, USAF Academy, CO 80840, United States
| | - Megan Mraz
- Life Sciences Research Center, Department of Biology, United States Air Force Academy, 2355 Faculty Drive, USAF Academy, CO 80840, United States
| | - Donald Veverka
- Life Sciences Research Center, Department of Biology, United States Air Force Academy, 2355 Faculty Drive, USAF Academy, CO 80840, United States
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117
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Damodaran SP, Eberhard S, Boitard L, Rodriguez JG, Wang Y, Bremond N, Baudry J, Bibette J, Wollman FA. A millifluidic study of cell-to-cell heterogeneity in growth-rate and cell-division capability in populations of isogenic cells of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118987. [PMID: 25760649 PMCID: PMC4356620 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
To address possible cell-to-cell heterogeneity in growth dynamics of isogenic cell populations of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, we developed a millifluidic drop-based device that not only allows the analysis of populations grown from single cells over periods of a week, but is also able to sort and collect drops of interest, containing viable and healthy cells, which can be used for further experimentation. In this study, we used isogenic algal cells that were first synchronized in mixotrophic growth conditions. We show that these synchronized cells, when placed in droplets and kept in mixotrophic growth conditions, exhibit mostly homogeneous growth statistics, but with two distinct subpopulations: a major population with a short doubling-time (fast-growers) and a significant subpopulation of slowly dividing cells (slow-growers). These observations suggest that algal cells from an isogenic population may be present in either of two states, a state of restricted division and a state of active division. When isogenic cells were allowed to propagate for about 1000 generations on solid agar plates, they displayed an increased heterogeneity in their growth dynamics. Although we could still identify the original populations of slow- and fast-growers, drops inoculated with a single progenitor cell now displayed a wider diversity of doubling-times. Moreover, populations dividing with the same growth-rate often reached different cell numbers in stationary phase, suggesting that the progenitor cells differed in the number of cell divisions they could undertake. We discuss possible explanations for these cell-to-cell heterogeneities in growth dynamics, such as mutations, differential aging or stochastic variations in metabolites and macromolecules yielding molecular switches, in the light of single-cell heterogeneities that have been reported among isogenic populations of other eu- and prokaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima P. Damodaran
- Laboratoire de Colloïdes et Matériaux Divisés, Institute of Chemistry, Biology and Innovation ESPCI ParisTech/CNRS UMR 8231/PSL* Research University, Paris, France
| | - Stephan Eberhard
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Membranaire et Moléculaire du Chloroplaste, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR CNRS/UPMC 7141, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Boitard
- Laboratoire de Colloïdes et Matériaux Divisés, Institute of Chemistry, Biology and Innovation ESPCI ParisTech/CNRS UMR 8231/PSL* Research University, Paris, France
| | - Jairo Garnica Rodriguez
- Laboratoire de Colloïdes et Matériaux Divisés, Institute of Chemistry, Biology and Innovation ESPCI ParisTech/CNRS UMR 8231/PSL* Research University, Paris, France
| | - Yuxing Wang
- Laboratoire de Colloïdes et Matériaux Divisés, Institute of Chemistry, Biology and Innovation ESPCI ParisTech/CNRS UMR 8231/PSL* Research University, Paris, France
- Optical Science & Engineering Research Center, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nicolas Bremond
- Laboratoire de Colloïdes et Matériaux Divisés, Institute of Chemistry, Biology and Innovation ESPCI ParisTech/CNRS UMR 8231/PSL* Research University, Paris, France
| | - Jean Baudry
- Laboratoire de Colloïdes et Matériaux Divisés, Institute of Chemistry, Biology and Innovation ESPCI ParisTech/CNRS UMR 8231/PSL* Research University, Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Bibette
- Laboratoire de Colloïdes et Matériaux Divisés, Institute of Chemistry, Biology and Innovation ESPCI ParisTech/CNRS UMR 8231/PSL* Research University, Paris, France
- * E-mail: (JB); (FAW)
| | - Francis-André Wollman
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Membranaire et Moléculaire du Chloroplaste, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR CNRS/UPMC 7141, Paris, France
- * E-mail: (JB); (FAW)
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118
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Aburai N, Sumida D, Abe K. Effect of light level and salinity on the composition and accumulation of free and ester-type carotenoids in the aerial microalga Scenedesmus sp. (Chlorophyceae). ALGAL RES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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119
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Yu X, Chen L, Zhang W. Chemicals to enhance microalgal growth and accumulation of high-value bioproducts. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:56. [PMID: 25741321 PMCID: PMC4330911 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Photosynthetic microalgae have attracted significant attention as they can serve as important sources for cosmetic, food and pharmaceutical products, industrial materials and even biofuel biodiesels. However, current productivity of microalga-based processes is still very low, which has restricted their scale-up application. In addition to various efforts in strain improvement and cultivation optimization, it was proposed that the productivity of microalga-based processes can also be increased using various chemicals to trigger or enhance cell growth and accumulation of bioproducts. Herein, we summarized recent progresses in applying chemical triggers or enhancers to improve cell growth and accumulation of bioproducts in algal cultures. Based on their enhancing mechanisms, these chemicals can be classified into four categories:chemicals regulating biosynthetic pathways, chemicals inducing oxidative stress responses, phytohormones and analogs regulating multiple aspects of microalgal metabolism, and chemicals directly as metabolic precursors. Taken together, the early researches demonstrated that the use of chemical stimulants could be a very effective and economical way to improve cell growth and accumulation of high-value bioproducts in large-scale cultivation of microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinheng Yu
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin UniversityTianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin UniversityTianjin, China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin UniversityTianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin UniversityTianjin, China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)Tianjin, China
| | - Weiwen Zhang
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin UniversityTianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin UniversityTianjin, China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)Tianjin, China
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Schierenbeck L, Ries D, Rogge K, Grewe S, Weisshaar B, Kruse O. Fast forward genetics to identify mutations causing a high light tolerant phenotype in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii by whole-genome-sequencing. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:57. [PMID: 25730202 PMCID: PMC4336690 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1232-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High light tolerance of microalgae is a desired phenotype for efficient cultivation in large scale production systems under fluctuating outdoor conditions. Outdoor cultivation requires the use of either wild-type or non-GMO derived mutant strains due to safety concerns. The identification and molecular characterization of such mutants derived from untagged forward genetics approaches was limited previously by the tedious and time-consuming methods involving techniques such as classical meiotic mapping. The combination of mapping with next generation sequencing technologies offers alternative strategies to identify genes involved in high light adaptation in untagged mutants. RESULTS We used the model alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in a non-GMO mutation strategy without any preceding crossing step or pooled progeny to identify genes involved in the regulatory processes of high light adaptation. To generate high light tolerant mutants, wildtype cells were mutagenized only to a low extent, followed by a stringent selection. We performed whole-genome sequencing of two independent mutants hit1 and hit2 and the parental wildtype. The availability of a reference genome sequence and the removal of shared bakground variants between the wildtype strain and each mutant, enabled us to identify two single nucleotide polymorphisms within the same gene Cre02.g085050, hereafter called LRS1 (putative Light Response Signaling protein 1). These two independent single amino acid exchanges are both located in the putative WD40 propeller domain of the corresponding protein LRS1. Both mutants exhibited an increased rate of non-photochemical-quenching (NPQ) and an improved resistance against chemically induced reactive oxygen species. In silico analyses revealed homology of LRS1 to the photoregulatory protein COP1 in plants. CONCLUSIONS In this work we identified the nuclear encoded gene LRS1 as an essential factor for high light adaptation in C. reinhardtii. The causative random mutation within this gene was identified by a rapid and efficient method, avoiding any preceding crossing step, meiotic mapping, or pooled progeny. Our results open up new insights into mechanisms of high light adaptation in microalgae and at the same time provide a simplified strategy for non-GMO forward genetics, a crucial precondition that could result in the identification of key factors for economically relevant biological processes within algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Schierenbeck
- />Department of Biology/Center for Biotechnology, Algae Biotechnology and Bioenergy, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 27, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - David Ries
- />Department of Biology/Center for Biotechnology, Genome Research, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 27, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Kristin Rogge
- />Department of Biology/Center for Biotechnology, Algae Biotechnology and Bioenergy, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 27, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Sabrina Grewe
- />Department of Biology/Center for Biotechnology, Algae Biotechnology and Bioenergy, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 27, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Bernd Weisshaar
- />Department of Biology/Center for Biotechnology, Genome Research, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 27, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Olaf Kruse
- />Department of Biology/Center for Biotechnology, Algae Biotechnology and Bioenergy, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 27, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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Abu-Ghosh S, Pal-Nath D, Markovitch D, Solovchenko A, Didi-Cohen S, Portugal I, Khozin-Goldberg I, Cohen Z, Boussiba S. A novel source of dihomo-γ-linolenic acid: Possibilities and limitations of DGLA production in the high-density cultures of the Δ5 desaturase-mutant microalgaLobosphaera incisa. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201400430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Said Abu-Ghosh
- Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory; French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands; the Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; Sede Boqer Campus; Midreshet Ben-Gurion Israel
| | - Dipasmita Pal-Nath
- Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory; French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands; the Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; Sede Boqer Campus; Midreshet Ben-Gurion Israel
| | - Dana Markovitch
- Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory; French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands; the Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; Sede Boqer Campus; Midreshet Ben-Gurion Israel
| | - Alexei Solovchenko
- Department of Bioengineering; Faculty of Biology; Moscow State University; Moscow Russia
| | - Shoshana Didi-Cohen
- Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory; French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands; the Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; Sede Boqer Campus; Midreshet Ben-Gurion Israel
| | - Isabel Portugal
- Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory; French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands; the Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; Sede Boqer Campus; Midreshet Ben-Gurion Israel
| | - Inna Khozin-Goldberg
- Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory; French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands; the Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; Sede Boqer Campus; Midreshet Ben-Gurion Israel
| | - Zvi Cohen
- Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory; French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands; the Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; Sede Boqer Campus; Midreshet Ben-Gurion Israel
| | - Sammy Boussiba
- Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory; French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands; the Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; Sede Boqer Campus; Midreshet Ben-Gurion Israel
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Enhancing Terpene yield from sugars via novel routes to 1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate. Appl Environ Microbiol 2014; 81:130-8. [PMID: 25326299 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02920-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Terpene synthesis in the majority of bacterial species, together with plant plastids, takes place via the 1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate (DXP) pathway. The first step of this pathway involves the condensation of pyruvate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate by DXP synthase (Dxs), with one-sixth of the carbon lost as CO2. A hypothetical novel route from a pentose phosphate to DXP (nDXP) could enable a more direct pathway from C5 sugars to terpenes and also circumvent regulatory mechanisms that control Dxs, but there is no enzyme known that can convert a sugar into its 1-deoxy equivalent. Employing a selection for complementation of a dxs deletion in Escherichia coli grown on xylose as the sole carbon source, we uncovered two candidate nDXP genes. Complementation was achieved either via overexpression of the wild-type E. coli yajO gene, annotated as a putative xylose reductase, or via various mutations in the native ribB gene. In vitro analysis performed with purified YajO and mutant RibB proteins revealed that DXP was synthesized in both cases from ribulose 5-phosphate (Ru5P). We demonstrate the utility of these genes for microbial terpene biosynthesis by engineering the DXP pathway in E. coli for production of the sesquiterpene bisabolene, a candidate biodiesel. To further improve flux into the pathway from Ru5P, nDXP enzymes were expressed as fusions to DXP reductase (Dxr), the second enzyme in the DXP pathway. Expression of a Dxr-RibB(G108S) fusion improved bisabolene titers more than 4-fold and alleviated accumulation of intracellular DXP.
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Solovchenko A, Pogosyan S, Chivkunova O, Selyakh I, Semenova L, Voronova E, Scherbakov P, Konyukhov I, Chekanov K, Kirpichnikov M, Lobakova E. Phycoremediation of alcohol distillery wastewater with a novel Chlorella sorokiniana strain cultivated in a photobioreactor monitored on-line via chlorophyll fluorescence. ALGAL RES 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Algal biomass analysis by laser-based analytical techniques--a review. SENSORS 2014; 14:17725-52. [PMID: 25251409 PMCID: PMC4208246 DOI: 10.3390/s140917725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Algal biomass that is represented mainly by commercially grown algal strains has recently found many potential applications in various fields of interest. Its utilization has been found advantageous in the fields of bioremediation, biofuel production and the food industry. This paper reviews recent developments in the analysis of algal biomass with the main focus on the Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and partly Laser-Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma techniques. The advantages of the selected laser-based analytical techniques are revealed and their fields of use are discussed in detail.
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Coordinated rearrangements of assimilatory and storage cell compartments in a nitrogen-starving symbiotic chlorophyte cultivated under high light. Arch Microbiol 2014; 197:181-95. [PMID: 25239707 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-014-1036-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A quantitative micromorphometric study of the cell compartment rearrangements was performed in a symbiotic chlorophyte Desmodesmus sp. 3Dp86E-1 grown on nitrogen (N) replete or N-free medium under 480 μmol PAR quanta m(-2) s(-1). The changes in the chloroplast, intraplastidial, and cytoplasmic inclusions induced by high light (HL) and N starvation were similar to those characteristic of free-living chlorophytes. The N-sufficient culture responded to HL by a transient swelling of the thylakoid lumen and a decline in photosynthetic efficiency followed by its recovery. In the N-starving cells, a more rapid expansion and thylakoid swelling occurred along with the irreversible decline in the photosynthetic efficiency. Differential induction of starch grains, oil bodies, and cell wall polysaccharides depending on the stress exposure and type was recorded. Tight relationships between the changes in the assimilatory and storage compartments in the stressed Desmodesmus sp. cells were revealed.
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Frenkel J, Vyverman W, Pohnert G. Pheromone signaling during sexual reproduction in algae. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 79:632-44. [PMID: 24597605 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Algae are found in all aquatic and many terrestrial habitats. They are dominant in phytoplankton and biofilms thereby contributing massively to global primary production. Since algae comprise photosynthetic representatives of the various protoctist groups their physiology and appearance is highly diverse. This diversity is also mirrored in their characteristic life cycles that exhibit various facets of ploidy and duration of the asexual phase as well as gamete morphology. Nevertheless, sexual reproduction in unicellular and colonial algae usually has as common motive that two specialized, sexually compatible haploid gametes establish physical contact and fuse. To guarantee mating success, processes during sexual reproduction are highly synchronized and regulated. This review focuses on sex pheromones of algae that play a key role in these processes. Especially, the diversity of sexual strategies as well as of the compounds involved are the focus of this contribution. Discoveries connected to algal pheromone chemistry shed light on the role of key evolutionary processes, including endosymbiotic events and lateral gene transfer, speciation and adaptation at all phylogenetic levels. But progress in this field might also in the future provide valid tools for the manipulation of aquaculture and environmental processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Frenkel
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Bioorganic Analytics, Friedrich Schiller University, Lessingstrasse 8, D-07743, Jena, Germany
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Hariskos I, Posten C. Biorefinery of microalgae - opportunities and constraints for different production scenarios. Biotechnol J 2014; 9:739-52. [PMID: 24838815 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201300142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In order to design economically feasible production processes it is necessary, as part of the biorefinery concept, to valorize all constituents of the microalgal biomass. Such an approach requires appropriate biorefinery side-process strategies to be adapted to production of the primary product. These strategies are particularly valid for microalgae, since the composition and amount of residual biomass can vary significantly depending on cell stoichiometry and cultivation techniques. This review investigates opportunities and constraints for biorefinery concepts in production scenarios for four different products from microalgae with different market volumes, including high- and medium-value products, whole cells and biodiesel. Approaches to close material and energy balances, as well as to adapt the biorefinery according to biological potential, process routes, and market needs are presented, which will further contribute to making the biorefinery concept a success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Hariskos
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Karlsruhe, Germany.
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Torzillo G, Scoma A, Faraloni C, Giannelli L. Advances in the biotechnology of hydrogen production with the microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2014; 35:485-96. [PMID: 24754449 DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2014.900734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Biological hydrogen production is being evaluated for use as a fuel, since it is a promising substitute for carbonaceous fuels owing to its high conversion efficiency and high specific energy content. The basic advantages of biological hydrogen production over other "green" energy sources are that it does not compete for agricultural land use, and it does not pollute, as water is the only by-product of the combustion. These characteristics make hydrogen a suitable fuel for the future. Among several biotechnological approaches, photobiological hydrogen production carried out by green microalgae has been intensively investigated in recent years. A select group of photosynthetic organisms has evolved the ability to harness light energy to drive hydrogen gas production from water. Of these, the microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is considered one of the most promising eukaryotic H2 producers. In this model microorganism, light energy, H2O and H2 are linked by two excellent catalysts, the photosystem 2 (PSII) and the [FeFe]-hydrogenase, in a pathway usually referred to as direct biophotolysis. This review summarizes the main advances made over the past decade as an outcome of the discovery of the sulfur-deprivation process. Both the scientific and technical barriers that need to be overcome before H2 photoproduction can be scaled up to an industrial level are examined. Actual and theoretical limits of the efficiency of the process are also discussed. Particular emphasis is placed on algal biohydrogen production outdoors, and guidelines for an optimal photobioreactor design are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Torzillo
- a Sede di Firenze, Via Madonna del Piano, Istituto per lo Studio degli Ecosistemi , Sesto Fiorentino , Italy
| | - Alberto Scoma
- a Sede di Firenze, Via Madonna del Piano, Istituto per lo Studio degli Ecosistemi , Sesto Fiorentino , Italy .,b Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile , Chimica, Ambientale e dei Materiali , Via Terracini , Bologna , Italy , and
| | - Cecilia Faraloni
- a Sede di Firenze, Via Madonna del Piano, Istituto per lo Studio degli Ecosistemi , Sesto Fiorentino , Italy
| | - Luca Giannelli
- a Sede di Firenze, Via Madonna del Piano, Istituto per lo Studio degli Ecosistemi , Sesto Fiorentino , Italy .,c Department of Chemical Sciences and Engineering , Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University , Kobe , Japan
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Liu Z, Li H, Wei Y, Chu W, Chong Y, Long X, Liu Z, Qin S, Shao H. Signal transduction pathways inSynechocystissp. PCC 6803 and biotechnological implications under abiotic stress. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2013; 35:269-80. [DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2013.838662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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130
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Lin HD, Liu BH, Kuo TT, Tsai HC, Feng TY, Huang CC, Chien LF. Knockdown of PsbO leads to induction of HydA and production of photobiological H2 in the green alga Chlorella sp. DT. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 143:154-62. [PMID: 23792754 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.05.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 05/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Green algae are able to convert solar energy to H2 via the photosynthetic electron transport pathway under certain conditions. Algal hydrogenase (HydA, encoded by HYDA) is in charge of catalyzing the reaction: 2H(+)+2e(-)↔H2 but usually inhibited by O2, a byproduct of photosynthesis. The aim of this study was to knockdown PsbO (encoded by psbO), a subunit concerned with O2 evolution, so that it would lead to HydA induction. The alga, Chlorella sp. DT, was then transformed with short interference RNA antisense-psbO (siRNA-psbO) fragments. The algal mutants were selected by checking for the existence of siRNA-psbO fragments in their genomes and the low amount of PsbO proteins. The HYDA transcription and the HydA expression were observed in the PsbO-knockdown mutants. Under semi-aerobic condition, PsbO-knockdown mutants could photobiologically produce H2 which increased by as much as 10-fold in comparison to the wild type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Di Lin
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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Koskimaki JE, Blazier AS, Clarens AF, Papin JA. Computational Models of Algae Metabolism for Industrial Applications. Ind Biotechnol (New Rochelle N Y) 2013. [DOI: 10.1089/ind.2013.0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob E. Koskimaki
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Anna S. Blazier
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Andres F. Clarens
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Jason A. Papin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
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Markou G, Angelidaki I, Georgakakis D. Microalgal carbohydrates: an overview of the factors influencing carbohydrates production, and of main bioconversion technologies for production of biofuels. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 96:631-45. [PMID: 22996277 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4398-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Revised: 08/26/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Microalgal biomass seems to be a promising feedstock for biofuel generation. Microalgae have relative high photosynthetic efficiencies, high growth rates, and some species can thrive in brackish water or seawater and wastewater from the food- and agro-industrial sector. Today, the main interest in research is the cultivation of microalgae for lipids production to generate biodiesel. However, there are several other biological or thermochemical conversion technologies, in which microalgal biomass could be used as substrate. However, the high protein content or the low carbohydrate content of the majority of the microalgal species might be a constraint for their possible use in these technologies. Moreover, in the majority of biomass conversion technologies, carbohydrates are the main substrate for production of biofuels. Nevertheless, microalgae biomass composition could be manipulated by several cultivation techniques, such as nutrient starvation or other stressed environmental conditions, which cause the microalgae to accumulate carbohydrates. This paper attempts to give a general overview of techniques that can be used for increasing the microalgal biomass carbohydrate content. In addition, biomass conversion technologies, related to the conversion of carbohydrates into biofuels are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgos Markou
- Department of Natural Resources Management and Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855, Athens, Greece.
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