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Camiletti BX, Lichtemberg PSF, Paredes JA, Carraro TA, Velascos J, Michailides TJ. Characterization of Colletotrichum Isolates Causing Colletotrichum Dieback of Citrus in California. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2022; 112:1454-1466. [PMID: 35113671 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-10-21-0434-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Dieback caused by Colletotrichum spp. is an emerging disease in California citrus groves. A large-scale survey with emphasis on seasonal variations of latent infections was conducted throughout citrus orchards in Fresno, Kern, and Tulare counties in 2019 and 2020. Latent infections on citrus leaves and twigs varied markedly between years. Isolates of Colletotrichum spp. were obtained from asymptomatic tissue, and two groups were formed based on colony and spore morphology. The morphological groups were further identified based on multigene sequence analysis using the DNA regions ITS1-5.8S-ITS2, TUB2, and GAPDH. Results revealed that isolates belong to two phylogenetic species, C. gloeosporioides and C. karstii, being C. karstii more frequently isolated. Representative isolates of each species were further selected and characterized based on the response of physiological variables to temperature. Both species had similar optimum growth temperatures but differed in maximum growth rates, with C. gloeosporioides exhibiting a greater growth rate than that of C. karstii on media. Pathogenicity tests on citrus trees demonstrated the ability of C. gloeosporioides and C. karstii to cause lesions on twigs and no differences in aggressiveness. A fungicide screening performed in this study determined that the DMI fungicides were the most effective in reducing the mycelial growth of C. gloeosporioides and C. karstii. The QoI fungicides showed a remarkably inhibitory impact on spore germination of both species. On average, C. karstii was more sensitive to the DMI fungicides than C. gloeosporioides. The findings of this study provide new information to understand the Colletotrichum dieback of citrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris X Camiletti
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kearney Agricultural Research and Extension Center, University of California Davis, Parlier, CA 93648
| | - Paulo S F Lichtemberg
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kearney Agricultural Research and Extension Center, University of California Davis, Parlier, CA 93648
| | - Juan A Paredes
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kearney Agricultural Research and Extension Center, University of California Davis, Parlier, CA 93648
| | - Thiago A Carraro
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kearney Agricultural Research and Extension Center, University of California Davis, Parlier, CA 93648
| | - Jhordan Velascos
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kearney Agricultural Research and Extension Center, University of California Davis, Parlier, CA 93648
| | - Themis J Michailides
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kearney Agricultural Research and Extension Center, University of California Davis, Parlier, CA 93648
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102
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Okon NI, Markson AAA, Okon EI, Ita EE, Uyoh EA, Ene-Obong EOE, Ntui VO. Characterization of some fungal pathogens causing anthracnose disease on yam in Cross River State, Nigeria. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270601. [PMID: 35767579 PMCID: PMC9242479 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Yam anthracnose is one of the most serious fungal diseases affecting white and water yam production. Screening of available landraces for new sources of durable resistance to the pathogen is a continuous process. In the present study, the pathogens causing anthracnose in Dioscorea alata and Dioscorea rotundata farms in Cross River State yam belt region were characterized. Diseased yam leaves with anthracnose symptoms collected from the farms were used in the isolation, purification and, identification of C. alatae strains using morphological, cultural, and molecular methods. Leaf chlorosis, leaf edge necrosis, blights, dark brown to black leaf spots, shot holes, necrotic vein banding and vein browning were the predominantly observed symptoms. Seven isolates of C. alatae, Ca5, Ca14, Ca16, Ca22, Ca24, Ca32 and Ca34, and one isolate of Lasidioplodia theobromae, Lt1 were found to be associated with yam infection in Cross River State, with Lt1 as the most prevalent, occurring in all the locations. These isolates were classified into four forms which included the slow-growing grey (SGG), the fast-growing grey (FGG), the fast-growing salmon (FGS), and the fast-growing olive (FGO). Sequence analysis of the ITS region revealed <80% nucleotide identity between the isolates and the reference C. gloeosporioides. Pathogenicity test showed that all the isolates displayed typical symptoms of anthracnose disease as were observed in the field, but Lt1 was the most virulent. Inoculation of 20 D. alata and 13 D. rotundata landraces with isolate Lt1, showed that 63.64% of the landraces were susceptible while 36.36%were resistant. D. alata landraces were the most susceptible. This study revealed that anthracnose is prevalent and may assume an epidemic dimension in the yam growing communities of the state. There is need for increased effort in the breeding of yam for anthracnose resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nkese Ime Okon
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | | | - Ekeng Ita Okon
- Department of Plant and Ecological Studies, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Effiom Eyo Ita
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Edak Aniedi Uyoh
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | | | - Valentine Otang Ntui
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Nairobi, Kenya
- * E-mail: ,
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103
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Chung PC, Wu HY, Chen YC, Hung TH, Chung CL. Development of a nested PCR assay for detecting Colletotrichum siamense and Colletotrichum fructicola on symptomless strawberry plants. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270687. [PMID: 35763511 PMCID: PMC9239453 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthracnose is a major disease of strawberry that seriously impacts the strawberry industry. To prevent the spread of anthracnose through symptomless plants, it is important to detect pathogenic Colletotrichum spp. at the latent infection stage in the nursery. Previous PCR-based methods developed for the diagnosis or detection of Colletotrichum acutatum and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides have used primers targeting the internal transcribed spacer region of ribosomal DNA, β-tubulin gene, or mating type gene. In this study, to specifically detect Colletotrichum siamense and Colletotrichum fructicola, the most predominant and virulent Colletotrichum species causing strawberry anthracnose in Taiwan, we conducted a comparative genomics analysis of 29 Colletotrichum spp. and identified a non-conserved 1157-bp intergenic region suitable for designing specific primers for a nested PCR assay. In silico analysis and actual tests suggested that the new nested PCR assay could detect pathogenic C. siamense and C. fructicola, but not other strawberry pathogens (Botrytis sp., Fusarium spp., Neopestalotiopsis rosae, and Phytophthora sp.) or ubiquitous saprophytes (Fusarium spp. and Trichoderma spp.). The inner to outer primer ratio was optimized to 1:10 to eliminate unexpected bands and enhance the signal. The assay could detect as little as 1 pg of C. siamense genomic DNA, which corresponds to ~15 cells. Application of the new detection assay on 747 leaf samples collected from 18 strawberry nurseries in 2019 and 2020 showed that an average of 20% of strawberry mother plants in Taiwan were latently infected by C. siamense or C. fructicola. The newly developed assay is being applied to facilitate the production of healthy strawberry runner plants in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Che Chung
- Miaoli District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Miaoli County, Taiwan
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yi Wu
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chia Chen
- Miaoli District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hsuan Hung
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (THH); (CLC)
| | - Chia-Lin Chung
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (THH); (CLC)
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104
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Wu Q, Xiao Z, Tian J, Li S, Peng X, Wang H. First Report of Colletotrichum siamense Causing Leaf Anthracnose on Pachira glabra in China. PLANT DISEASE 2022; 107:572. [PMID: 35722913 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-05-22-1162-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pachira glabra Pasq.is an important landscape tree in southern China due to its ornamental value. Between March and April - 2021, anthracnose-like symptoms on P. glabra leaves were found in the botanical garden (27.904°N, 112.918°E) of Hunan University of Science and Technology located in Xiangtan of Hunan Province. Over 700 plants were evaluated, and up to 30% of the plants were symptomatic. On each plant, approximately 22% leaves had symptoms. Disease severity was estimated to be 15.6 ± 6.1% (n=100) in moderately diseased plants. Initially, subcircular or irregular shaped, water-soaked spots with pale green to yellow centers appeared mostly along leaf margins. Later, theses spots turned light brown to dark brown with black borders, gradually enlarged, and often coalesced into large sunken, necrotic areas, leading to early leaf death and abscission. Thirty lesions (2 × 2 mm) collected from ten trees were sterilized in 75% ethanol for 10 s, 2% sodium hypochlorite for 30 s, rinsed in sterile water three times, placed on potato dextrose agar (PDA) with lactic acid (3 ml/liter), and incubated at 28°C for 5 days. After incubation, six isolates with a similar morphology were obtained by single-sporing. Colonies on PDA were white and with age produced a light brown pigmentation on the underside of the colony. Acervuli present in aged cultures, brown to black, circular to subcircular and measured 31.9 to 108.7 µm (71.4 ± 6.2 µm, n=30). Conidia were single-celled, transparent, smooth, fusiform to cylindrical with obtuse to slightly ronded ends, and measured 7.8 to 11.1 µm long and 2.5 to 3.1 µm wide (9.3 ± 1.0 × 2.9 ± 0.7, n=100). For further molecular identification, Internal transcribed spacer (ITS), actin (ACT), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (GAPDH), calmodulin (CAL), and beta-tubulin (TUB2) genes of the isolates were amplified from genomic DNA, using primers ITS1/ITS4 (Mills et al. 1992), GDF/GDR (Cannon et al. 2012), ACT-512F/ACT-783R, CL1CF/CL2CR (Weir et al. 2012), and T1F/T22R (O'Donnell et al. 1997), respectively. Sequences of ITS (accession no. OM074029), ACT (OM190777), GAPDH (OM190778), CAL (ON210110), and TUB2 (ON210109) from CS-1 showed >98% identity where sequences overlapped to the reference strain of Colletotrichum siamense CBS 130420 (JX010259.1, JX009549.1, JX009974.1, JX009713.1 and JX010415.1). Concatenated sequences were used for a phylogenetic analysis based on Maximum Likelihood using MEGA-X. Based on morphological and molecular data, isolate CS-1 was identified as C. siamense (Cannon et al. 2012). . Pathogenicity tests were performed three times on healthy leaves using isolate CS1. Ten leaves on one-year-old plants were either slightly wounded by a sterile needle or unwounded, and inoculated with 10 µl of conidial suspension (1×106 conidia/ml, containing 0.05% Tween 20) per wound. The control plants were treated with sterile water. All plants were kept in a greenhouse for 24 h at 28°C and 80% relative humidity, with a 12-h photoperiod and then transferred to natural conditions. All wounded, inoculated leaves developed leaf spot symptoms after 14 days similar to those observed in the field, whereas no visible symptoms appeared on the intact and noninoculated leaves. C. siamense strains were reisolated from all symptomatic leaves, fulfilling Koch's postulates. C. siamense has been reported as a causal agent of anthracnose associated with diverse species (Udayanga et al. 2013), but not including P. glabra. To our knowledge, this is the first report of C. siamense causing anthracnose on P. glabra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingtao Wu
- Hunan University of Science and Technology, School of Life and Health Sciences, Xiangtan, Hunan, China, China;
| | - Zuyin Xiao
- Hunan University of Science and Technology, School of Life and Health Sciences, Xiangtan, Hunan, China, China;
| | - Jianhong Tian
- Hunan University of Science and Technology, School of Life and Health Sciences, Xiangtan, Hunan, China;
| | - Shaoqing Li
- Hunan University of Science and Technology, 12518, Xiangtan, Hunan, China;
| | - Xixu Peng
- Hunan University of Science and Technology, 12518, School of Life and Health Sciences, Xiangtan, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of the Pests and Diseases on Horticultural Crops in Hunan Province, Xiangtan, Hunan, China;
| | - Haihua Wang
- Hunan University of Science and Technology, 12518, School of Life and Health Sciences, Xiangtan, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Multiple Utilization of Economic Crops in Hunan Province, Xiangtan, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Remediation and Safe Utilization of Heavy Metal-polluted Soils, College of Hunan Province, Xiangtan, Hunan, China;
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105
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de Oliveira Amaral A, E Ferreira AFTAF, da Silva Bentes JL. Fungal endophytic community associated with Hevea spp.: diversity, enzymatic activity, and biocontrol potential. Braz J Microbiol 2022; 53:857-872. [PMID: 35247168 PMCID: PMC9151944 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00709-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants of the genus Hevea present a great diversity of endophytic fungal species, which can provide bioactive compounds and enzymes for biotechnological use, and antagonist agents for plant disease biological control. The diversity of endophytic fungi associated with leaves of Hevea spp. clones in western Amazonia was explored using cultivation-based techniques, combined with the sequencing of the ITS rRNA-region. A total of 269 isolates were obtained, and phylogenetic analysis showed that they belong to 47 putative species, of which 24 species were unambiguous. The phylum Ascomycota was the most abundant (95.4%), with predominance of the genera Colletotrichum and Diaporthe, followed by the phylum Basidiomycota (4.6%), with abundance of the genera Trametes and Phanerochaete. Endophytic composition was influenced by the clones, with few species shared among them, and the greatest diversity was found in clone C44 (richness: 26, Shannon: 14,15, Simpson: 9.11). The potential for biocontrol and enzymatic production of endophytes has been investigated. In dual culture tests, 95% of the isolates showed inhibitory activity against C. gloeosporioides, and 84% against C. cassiicola. Efficient inhibition was obtained with isolates HEV158C and HEV255M (Cophinforma atrovirens and Polyporales sp. 2) for C. gloeosporioides, and HEV1A and HEV8B (Phanerochaete sp. 3 and Diaporthe sp. 4) for C. cassiicola. The endophytic isolates were positive for lipase (69.6%), amylase (67.6%), cellulase (33.3%), and protease (20.6%). The enzyme index ≥ 2 was found for amylase and lipase. The isolates obtained from rubber trees showed good antimicrobial and enzymatic potential, which can be tested in the future for use in the industry, and in the control of plant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriene de Oliveira Amaral
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Florestais e Ambientais, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | | | - Jânia Lília da Silva Bentes
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Florestais e Ambientais, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia Tropical, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
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106
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Kennedy AH, Schoch CL, Marrero G, Brover V, Robbertse B. Publicly Available and Validated DNA Reference Sequences Are Critical to Fungal Identification and Global Plant Protection Efforts: A Use-Case in Colletotrichum. PLANT DISEASE 2022; 106:1573-1596. [PMID: 35538602 PMCID: PMC9196201 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-09-21-2083-sr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Publicly available and validated DNA reference sequences useful for phylogeny estimation and identification of fungal pathogens are an increasingly important resource in the efforts of plant protection organizations to facilitate safe international trade of agricultural commodities. Colletotrichum species are among the most frequently encountered and regulated plant pathogens at U.S. ports-of-entry. The RefSeq Targeted Loci (RTL) project at NCBI (BioProject no. PRJNA177353) contains a database of curated fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences that interact extensively with NCBI Taxonomy, resulting in verified name-strain-sequence type associations for >12,000 species. We present a publicly available dataset of verified and curated name-type strain-sequence associations for all available Colletotrichum species. This includes an updated GenBank Taxonomy for 238 species associated with up to 11 protein coding loci and an updated RTL ITS dataset for 226 species. We demonstrate that several marker loci are well suited for phylogenetic inference and identification. We improve understanding of phylogenetic relationships among verified species, verify or improve phylogenetic circumscriptions of 14 species complexes, and reveal that determining relationships among these major clades will require additional data. We present detailed comparisons between phylogenetic and similarity-based approaches to species identification, revealing complex patterns among single marker loci that often lead to misidentification when based on single-locus similarity approaches. We also demonstrate that species-level identification is elusive for a subset of samples regardless of analytical approach, which may be explained by novel species diversity in our dataset and incomplete lineage sorting and lack of accumulated synapomorphies at these loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron H. Kennedy
- National Identification Services, Plant Protection and Quarantine, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | - Conrad L. Schoch
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894
| | - Glorimar Marrero
- National Identification Services, Plant Protection and Quarantine, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | - Vyacheslav Brover
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894
| | - Barbara Robbertse
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894
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107
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Ma T, Yang C, Cai F, Chen Z. Morpho-cultural, physiological and molecular characterisation of Colletotrichum nymphaeae causing anthracnose disease of walnut in China. Microb Pathog 2022; 166:105537. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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108
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Shin JH, Kim HY, Fu T, Lee KH, Kim KS. CsPOM1, a DYRK Family Kinase, Plays Diverse Roles in Fungal Development, Virulence, and Stress Tolerance in the Anthracnose Pathogen Colletotrichum scovillei. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:861915. [PMID: 35558103 PMCID: PMC9088010 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.861915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colletotrichum scovillei is the major anthracnose fungus of sweet pepper and chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), causing significant losses in the yield and quality of the pepper fruits. Molecular mechanisms governing development and pathogenicity have been widely studied in many foliar fungal pathogens, but the information on fruit diseases is still limited. In this study, we determined the functional roles of the dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase CsPOM1 in C. scovillei. Knockout mutant for CsPOM1 gene was obtained via homology-dependent gene replacement. The ΔCspom1 mutant exhibited a reduction in vegetative growth on osmotic stress, surface hydrophobicity, and conidiation compared with wild-type. Conidia of the ΔCspom1 mutant were already two-celled before inoculation on an induction surface, indicating that CsPOM1 negatively regulates conidial cell division. The ΔCspom1 mutant, similar to wild-type, formed appressoria on the plant surface, but was significantly reduced on hydrophobic coverslips, probably due to a defect in the recognition of surface hydrophobicity. Treatment of conidia with cutin monomers restored appressorium formation on hydrophobic coverslips in the ΔCspom1 mutant. On pepper fruits, the ΔCspom1 mutant exhibited delayed penetration and invasive growth, leading to significantly reduced virulence. Collectively, the results showed that CsPOM1 is important for stress tolerance, conidiation, surface hydrophobicity, appressorium formation, and virulence in C. scovillei.
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109
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Hu S, Zhang Y, Yu H, Zhou J, Hu M, Liu A, Wu J, Wang H, Zhang C. Colletotrichum Spp. Diversity Between Leaf Anthracnose and Crown Rot From the Same Strawberry Plant. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:860694. [PMID: 35495690 PMCID: PMC9048825 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.860694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leaf anthracnose (LA) and anthracnose crown rot (ACR) represent serious fungal diseases that pose significant threats to strawberry production. To characterize the pathogen diversity associated with above diseases, 100 strawberry plants, including varieties of "Hongjia," "Zhangji," and "Tianxianzui," were sampled from Jiande and Zhoushan, the primary plantation regions of Zhejiang province, China. A total of 309 Colletotrichum isolates were isolated from crown (150 isolates) and leaves (159 isolates) of affected samples. Among these, 100 isolates obtained from the plants showing both LA and CR symptoms were selected randomly for further characterization. Based on the morphological observations combined with phylogenetic analysis of multiple genes (ACT, ITS, CAL, GAPDH, and CHS), all the 100 tested isolates were identified as C. gloeosporioides species complex, including 91 isolates of C. siamense, 8 isolates of C. fructicola causing both LA and ACR, and one isolate of C. aenigma causing ACR. The phenotypic characteristics of these isolated species were investigated using the BIOLOG phenotype MicroArray (PM) and a total of 950 different metabolic phenotype were tested, showing the characteristics among these isolates and providing the theoretical basis for pathogenic biochemistry and metabolism. The pathogenicity tests showed that even the same Colletotrichum species isolated from different diseased tissues (leaves or crowns) had significantly different pathogenicity toward strawberry leaves and crown. C. siamense isolated from diseased leaves (CSLA) was more aggressive than C. siamense isolated from rotted crown (CSCR) during the infection on "Zhangji" leaves. Additionally, C. fructicola isolated from affected leaf (CFLA) caused more severe symptoms on the leaves of four strawberry varieties compared to C. fructicola isolated from diseased crown (CFCR). For crown rot, the pathogenicity of CSCR was higher than that of CSLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuodan Hu
- College of Modern Agriculture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanting Zhang
- College of Modern Agriculture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Yu
- Research Institute for the Agriculture Science of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiayan Zhou
- Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meihua Hu
- Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Aichun Liu
- Research Institute for the Agriculture Science of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianyan Wu
- College of Modern Agriculture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Chuanqing Zhang
- College of Modern Agriculture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
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110
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Colletotrichum litangense sp. nov., Isolated as an Endophyte of Hippuris vulgaris, an Aquatic Plant in Sichuan, China. Curr Microbiol 2022; 79:161. [PMID: 35416528 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-02846-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
An unknown endophytic fungus was isolated from the aquatic plant Hippuris vulgaris in Litang county, Sichuan province, China. Phylogenetic analyses inferred from combined ITS, Sod2, Apn2, and TUB2 sequences revealed that the endophyte is a new species belonging to the Colletotrichum graminicola species complex. Morphological characteristics showed that Colletotrichum litangense is characterized by its falcate, lunate to sublunate conidia, and ellipsoidal, ovoid, or lobed appressoria. Pathogenicity tests on several fruits showed that C. litangense could induce anthracnose lesions. As a result of the phylogenetic, morphological, and pathogenicity analyses, we proposed the name Colletotrichum litangense for the new species.
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111
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Yin Q, Shi X, Zhu Z, Wang Y, Tian L, Sang Z, Ma L, Jia Z. First Report of Leaf Spot Caused by Colletotrichum fructicola on Magnolia wufengensis in Hubei, China. PLANT DISEASE 2022; 106:2987. [PMID: 35394333 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-12-21-2811-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Magnolia wufengensis belongs to the Magnoliaceae family. Its variation-rich flowers (tepal number from 9 to 46, tepal color from pink to bright red) and excellent wood characteristics (strong, straight, texture) have important ornamental and economic value (Duan et al. 2019; Luyi et al. 2006). M. wufengensis is popularly cultivated in parks, courtyards, mountains, and along roadsides. In May 2020, leaf spot symptoms were observed on over 85% of M. wufengensis in Yuyangguan Township, Wufeng County, Hubei Province (110.60°E, 30.21°N). The damaged area was over 18.7 hectares. Early symptoms began as small brown spots with a light-yellow halo. Gradual lesions expanded, and the center was withered, gray, and necrotic with a dark brown border. Eventually, several spots combined with larger irregular lesions, turning the leaves yellow and causing them to fall off. The border of lesions and healthy tissues were cut into small pieces (5×5 mm), and surface sterilized with 1% sodium hypochlorite solution for three minutes, rinsed three times with sterile water, and plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium at 25±2 °C with a 12h photoperiod under fluorescent lighting. Pure isolates (MCS1228.1, MCS1228.4, MCS1228.9) were gray to pale grayish, and their average growth rate was 10.5±1.23 mm/day. Conidiophores were hyaline, aseptate, branched. Conidia were hyaline, aseptate, cylindrical, and 14.00 to 25.17 × 4.74 to 6.56 μm in size (average 17.48 × 5.58 μm) (n=50). Appressoria were brown and showed multivariate shape. The morphological characteristics of the isolates corresponded to the description given for Colletotrichum fructicola (Liu et al. 2015). Molecular identification was accomplished through amplification of the internal transcribed spacer (IST), actin (ACT), calmodulin (CAL), chitin synthase (CHS-1) glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), and beta-tubulin (TUB2) genes (Fu et al. 2018). The ITS (OL800580.1, OL800581.1, OL800582.1), ACT (GenBank accession No. OL873155- OL873157), CAL (GenBank accession No. OL873158- OL873160), CHS-1 (GenBank accession No. OL873161- OL873163), GAPDH (GenBank accession No. OL873164- OL873166) and TUB2 (GenBank accession No. OL873167- OL873169) sequences were deposited in GenBank. A Bayesian inference phylogenetic tree based on multilocus sequences was constructed, and the sequences of the 3 isolations showed the same homology with C. fructicola (Fu et al. 2018). To fulfill Koch's postulates, 30 potted seedlings were inoculated with 1×10^6 conidia/ml suspension of each isolate by spraying the leaves, and 30 potted seedlings were sprayed with sterile distilled water as control. Inoculated and control plants were kept in a greenhouse with 25/15°C (day/night) temperature and 80% relative humidity. In addition, 30 healthy detached leaves free of pests and diseases were washed three times with sterile distilled water, air-dried, and artificially inoculated using a 6 mm (diameter) PDA medium (5 days incubation) with mycelium. 30 leaves were inoculated with sterile PDA medium as control. All leaves were sprayed with sterile water every 24 hours, covered with plastic wrap, and incubated at 25±2 °C, 100% humidity. The experiment was repeated three times. Similar symptoms to those found initially were both observed on all the inoculated potted seedlings and detached leaves after 14 days and 5 days post inoculation (dpi), respectively. Whereas the controls remained symptomless. The reisolated pathogens from symptomatic tissues were identical to the original isolates. In this study, isolated fungi associated with M. wufengensis leaf spot were identified as C. fructicola based on morphological and multiloci phylogenetic analyses, and Koch's postulates. Colletotrichum species are important plant pathogens and cause diseases in a wide variety of woody and herbaceous plants (Cannon et al. 2012). C. fructicola has been identified as a responsible pathogen for apple (Casanova et al. 2016), Fatsia japonica (Shi et al. 2017), and Rubus corchorifolius (Wu et al. 2021) leaf spot. To our knowledge, this is the first report of C. fructicola causing leaf spot in M. wufengensis in China. This research may contribute to the development of management strategies for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Yin
- Beijing Forestry University, 12380, College of Forestry, No. 35 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China, 100083;
| | - Xiaodeng Shi
- Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, 504526, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China;
| | - Zhonglong Zhu
- Beijing Forestry University, 12380, Magnolia wufengensis Research Center, Beijing, China;
| | - Yi Wang
- Beijing Forestry University, 12380, Magnolia wufengensis Research Center, Beijing, China
- Beijing Forestry University, 12380, Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing, China;
| | - Ling Tian
- Beijing Forestry University, 12380, Magnolia wufengensis Research Center, Beijing, China;
| | - Ziyang Sang
- Forestry Science Research Institute of Wufeng County, Yichang, China;
| | - Luyi Ma
- Beijing Forestry University, 12380, Magnolia wufengensis Research Center, Beijing, China
- Beijing Forestry University, 12380, Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing, China;
| | - Zhongkui Jia
- Beijing Forestry University, 12380, Magnolia wufengensis Research Center, Beijing, China
- Beijing Forestry University, 12380, Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing, China;
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Oliveira MS, Wang NY, Peres NA. Multilocus Phylogenetic Analyses of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Species Complex Causing Crown Rot on Strawberry in Florida. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2022; 112:898-906. [PMID: 34549972 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-04-20-0151-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is the causal agent of Colletotrichum crown rot of strawberry in the southern United States. Recent multigene studies defined C. gloeosporioides as a complex species comprised of 37 species. In our study, we phylogenetically characterized C. gloeosporioides isolates from strawberry and other noncultivated plants around strawberry fields. One hundred fifteen strawberry isolates and 38 isolates from noncultivated hosts were sequenced for five genomic regions: internal transcribed spacer, actin, calmodulin, chitin synthase, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Phylogenetic analysis using the maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods, based on partition-specific models, revealed that most of the isolates in Florida (86%) were closely related to C. siamense, whereas 14 isolates were closely related to C. theobromicola (syn. C. fragariae), four isolates were C. fructicola, and three isolates were C. clidemiae. However, only the first three species were pathogenic to strawberry. Morphological characteristics evaluated show that mycelial growth of all species is approximately 5 mm/day, but colony morphology varies by species and incubation conditions. In vitro mating of the isolates demonstrated that C. fructicola is homothallic whereas C. siamense and C. theobromicola isolates are heterothallic. The biological importance of these different Colletotrichum species is currently being investigated to determine whether different management strategies are needed in strawberry production fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle S Oliveira
- Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Wimauma, FL
| | - Nan-Yi Wang
- Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Wimauma, FL
| | - Natalia A Peres
- Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Wimauma, FL
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Fu T, Shin JH, Lee NH, Lee KH, Kim KS. Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase CsPMK1 Is Essential for Pepper Fruit Anthracnose by Colletotrichum scovillei. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:770119. [PMID: 35283826 PMCID: PMC8907736 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.770119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The phytopathogenic fungus Colletotrichum scovillei, belonging to the Colletotrichum acutatum species complex, causes severe anthracnose disease on several fruits, including chili pepper (Capsicum annuum). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the development and pathogenicity of Colletotrichum scovillei are unclear. The conserved Fus3/Kss1-related MAPK regulates fungal development and pathogenicity. Here, the role of CsPMK1, orthologous to Fus3/Kss1, was characterized by phenotypic comparison of a target deletion mutant (ΔCspmk1). The mycelial growth and conidiation of ΔCspmk1 were normal compared to that of the wild type. ΔCspmk1 produced morphologically abnormal conidia, which were delayed in conidial germination. Germinated conidia of ΔCspmk1 failed to develop appressoria on inductive surfaces of hydrophobic coverslips and host plants. ΔCspmk1 was completely defective in infectious growth, which may result from failure to suppress host immunity. Furthermore, ΔCspmk1 was impaired in nuclear division and lipid mobilization during appressorium formation, in response to a hydrophobic surface. CsPMK1 was found to interact with CsHOX7, a homeobox transcription factor essential for appressorium formation, via a yeast two-hybridization analysis. Taken together, these findings suggest that CsPMK1 is required for fungal development, stress adaptation, and pathogenicity of C. scovillei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Fu
- Division of Bio-Resource Sciences, BioHerb Research Institute, and Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Jong-Hwan Shin
- Division of Bio-Resource Sciences, BioHerb Research Institute, and Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Noh-Hyun Lee
- Division of Bio-Resource Sciences, BioHerb Research Institute, and Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Kwang Ho Lee
- Division of Bio-Resource Sciences, BioHerb Research Institute, and Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Kyoung Su Kim
- Division of Bio-Resource Sciences, BioHerb Research Institute, and Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
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Fan H, Li Y, Chachar S, Yang Y, Guan C. Genome Sequence Resource of Colletotrichum horii, an Important Pathogenic Fungus Threatening Persimmon Production. PLANT DISEASE 2022; 106:1052-1055. [PMID: 35259004 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-11-21-2417-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanyue Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yongkuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Sadaruddin Chachar
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Changfei Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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Ishii H, Watanabe H, Yamaoka Y, Schnabel G. Sensitivity to fungicides in isolates of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and C. acutatum species complexes and efficacy against anthracnose diseases. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 182:105049. [PMID: 35249649 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Colletotrichum species cause diseases on many plants and are among the 'top 10' fungal plant pathogens. Species of the C. gloeosporioides and C. acutatum complexes are particularly important because they infect temperate fruit crops, but their control relies largely on chemical fungicides. In this study, differences in intrinsic fungicide sensitivity were determined in vitro using isolates of the C. gloeosporioides sp. complex (C. fructicola, C. siamense, and C. tropicale) and the C. acutatum sp. complex (C. fioriniae and C. nymphaeae), which had never been exposed to fungicides. Mycelial growth of all isolates was sensitive to the QoI azoxystrobin, the SDHI benzovindiflupyr, and the new DMI fungicide mefentrifluconazole. The isolates of C. nymphaeae were highly sensitive to the phenylpyrrole fungicide fludioxonil. The isolates of C. gloeosporioides sp. complex were sensitive to the bis-guanidine fungicide iminoctadine-albesilate, whereas those of C. acutatum sp. complex were inherently insensitive. These results are valuable when sensitivity of field populations is monitored in resistance management. Although SDHI fungicides are largely not effective against diseases caused by Colletotrichum species, benzovindiflupyr controlled anthracnose disease of various crops such as kidney bean, garland chrysanthemum, and strawberry, caused by C. lindemuthianum, C. chrysanthemi, and C. siamense, respectively, demonstrating this fungicide to be unique among SDHIs and having a broad control spectrum against anthracnose. To help understanding the reason for differential activity of benzovindiflupyr and boscalid, sdhB gene sequences were analyzed but those of C. lindemuthianum, C. chrysanthemi, and C. scovillei revealed no known mutations reported to be responsible for SDHI resistance in other fungi, indicating that other mechanism(s) than target-site modification may be involved in differential sensitivity to benzovindiflupyr and boscalid, found in Colletotrichum species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Ishii
- University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan; Clemson University, 105 Collings Street, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; Kibi International University, Sareo 370-1, Shichi, Minami-awaji, Hyogo 656-0484, Japan.
| | - Hideki Watanabe
- Gifu Prefectural Agricultural Technology Centre, Matamaru, Gifu, Gifu 501-1152, Japan
| | - Yuichi Yamaoka
- University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Guido Schnabel
- Clemson University, 105 Collings Street, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
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117
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Fu M, Bai Q, Zhang H, Guo Y, Peng Y, Zhang P, Shen L, Hong N, Xu W, Wang G. Transcriptome Analysis of the Molecular Patterns of Pear Plants Infected by Two Colletotrichum fructicola Pathogenic Strains Causing Contrasting Sets of Leaf Symptoms. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:761133. [PMID: 35251071 PMCID: PMC8888856 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.761133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Colletotrichum fructicola infects pear leaves, resulting in two major symptoms: tiny black spots (TS) followed by severe early defoliation and big necrotic lesions (BnL) without apparent damage depending on the pathotypes. How the same fungal species causes different symptoms remains unclear. To understand the molecular mechanism underlying the resulting diseases and the diverse symptoms, two C. fructicola pathogenetic strains (PAFQ31 and PAFQ32 responsible for TS and BnL symptoms, respectively) were inoculated on Pyrus pyrifolia leaves and subjected to transcriptome sequencing at the quiescent stage (QS) and necrotrophic stage (NS), respectively. In planta, the genes involved in the salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathway were upregulated at the NS caused by the infection of each strain. In contrast, the ethylene (ET), abscisic acid (ABA), and jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathways were specifically related to the TS symptoms caused by the infection of strain PAFQ31, corresponding to the yellowish and early defoliation symptoms triggered by the strain infection. Correspondingly, SA was accumulated in similar levels in the leaves infected by each strain at NS, but JA was significantly higher in the PAFQ31-infected as measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis also reveals specific genes, pathways, phytohormones, and transcription factors (TFs) associated with the PAFQ31-associated early defoliation. Taken together, these data suggest that specific metabolic pathways were regulated in P. pyrifolia in response to the infection of two C. fructicola pathotypes resulting in the diverse symptoms: JA, ET, and ABA accumulated in the PAFQ31-infected leaves, which negatively affected the chlorophyll metabolism and photosynthesis pathways while positively affecting the expression of senescence-associated TFs and genes, resulted in leaf yellowing and defoliation; whereas SA inhibited JA-induced gene expression in the PAFQ32-infected leaves, which led to hypersensitive response-like reaction and BnL symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Fu
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop (Fruit Trees) Biology and Germplasm Creation of the Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Wuhan, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Bai
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yashuang Guo
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuhong Peng
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Shen
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ni Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop (Fruit Trees) Biology and Germplasm Creation of the Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Wuhan, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenxing Xu
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop (Fruit Trees) Biology and Germplasm Creation of the Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Wuhan, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guoping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop (Fruit Trees) Biology and Germplasm Creation of the Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Wuhan, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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118
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Yu Z, Jiang X, Zheng H, Zhang H, Qiao M. Fourteen New Species of Foliar Colletotrichum Associated with the Invasive Plant Ageratinaadenophora and Surrounding Crops. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8020185. [PMID: 35205939 PMCID: PMC8879954 DOI: 10.3390/jof8020185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ageratina adenophora is one of the most invasive weeds in China. Following an outbreak in Yunnan in the 1960s, A. adenophora has been spreading in Southwest China at tremendous speed. Previous research indicated A. adenophora contained many Colletotrichum species as endophytes. In this study, we investigated the diversity of Colletotrichum in healthy and diseased leaves of the invasive plant A. adenophora and several surrounding crops in Yunnan, Guangxi, and Guizhou provinces in China, and obtained over 1000 Colletotrichum strains. After preliminary delimitation using the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) sequences, 44 representative strains were selected for further study. Their phylogenetic positions were determined by phylogenetic analyses using combined sequences of ITS, actin (ACT), chitin synthase (CHS-1), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), and beta-tubulin (TUB2). Combined with morphological characteristics, 14 new Colletotrichum species were named as C. adenophorae, C. analogum, C. cangyuanense, C. dimorphum, C. gracile, C. nanhuaense, C. nullisetosum, C. oblongisporum, C. parvisporum, C. robustum, C. simulanticitri, C. speciosum, C. subhenanense, and C. yunajiangense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zefen Yu
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; (Z.Y.); (X.J.); (H.Z.)
| | - Xinwei Jiang
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; (Z.Y.); (X.J.); (H.Z.)
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Hua Zheng
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; (Z.Y.); (X.J.); (H.Z.)
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Hanbo Zhang
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; (Z.Y.); (X.J.); (H.Z.)
- Correspondence: (H.Z.); (M.Q.)
| | - Min Qiao
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; (Z.Y.); (X.J.); (H.Z.)
- Correspondence: (H.Z.); (M.Q.)
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Alizadeh A, Javan-Nikkhah M, Nourmohammadi Nazarian R, Liu F, Zare R, Fotouhifar KB, Stukenbrock EH, Damm U. New species of Colletotrichum from wild Poaceae and Cyperaceae plants in Iran. Mycologia 2022; 114:89-113. [PMID: 35138985 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2021.2008765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-two Colletotrichum strains were isolated from anthracnose symptoms or leaf spots on leaves of various wild Poaceae and Cyperaceae plants collected in three provinces of Iran and tentatively identified as belonging to the Graminicola species complex based on morphology. All strains were studied via a polyphasic approach combining colony characteristics, morphology and phylogeny inferred from multi-locus sequences, including the nuc rDNA ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS), partial sequences of the β-tubulin (tub2), actin (act), manganese superoxide dismutase 2 (sod2), DNA lyase 2 (apn2) genes, a 200-bp intron of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh), and the intergenic spacer between the apn2 gene and the mat1 idiomorph (apn2/mat1). Six species were distinguished, including three new species, namely C. caspicum, C. persicum, and C. sacchari, and three previously described species, C. cereale, C. nicholsonii and C. sublineola. Comprehensive morphological descriptions and illustrations are provided for all species. Furthermore, this study provided new insights into the distribution and host range of known species.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Alizadeh
- Department of Plant Protection, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz 5375171379, Iran
| | - M Javan-Nikkhah
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj 77871-31587, Iran
| | | | - F Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 3 1st Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - R Zare
- Department of Botany, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), P.O. Box 19395-1454, Tehran, Iran
| | - K B Fotouhifar
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj 77871-31587, Iran
| | - E H Stukenbrock
- Environmental Genomics, Botanical Institute, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Germany and Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany
| | - U Damm
- Department of Botany, Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz, PF 300 154, 02806 Görlitz, Germany
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120
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Dentika P, Ozier-Lafontaine H, Penet L. Dynamics of Pathogenic Fungi in Field Hedges: Vegetation Cover Is Differentially Impacted by Weather. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10020400. [PMID: 35208855 PMCID: PMC8876894 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10020400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Landscape effects might impede or increase spore dispersal and disease risk for crops, as trees and hedges buffer winds and can behave as spore traps, therefore limiting diffusion of fungi, or, on the contrary, behave as disease relay once vegetation is infected and become inoculum sources. In this study, we investigated weekly prevalence of the pathogenic fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides on guava tree leaves, differentiating impacts of leaf height on tree, age, and location within leaf. We first estimated differences in prevalence for each covariate, and then related infection rates to weather effects during the year. Our results highlighted a great variance of prevalence among individual trees, and a lower contamination of tree tops, as well as a tendency for greater odds of infection in tips of young leaves compared to older ones. Last, we show evidence that individual tree contaminations are associated with different disease dynamics: early and dispersal-based, late and growth-based, as well as with intermediate dynamic ranges. Pathogen infection dynamics will thus be greatly impacted by cover characteristics at local scale, and tree cover should not be perceived as homogeneously driving disease levels.
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121
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Colletotrichum species associated with sugarcane red rot in Brazil. Fungal Biol 2022; 126:290-299. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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122
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Hsieh DK, Chuang SC, Chen CY, Chao YT, Lu MYJ, Lee MH, Shih MC. Comparative Genomics of Three Colletotrichum scovillei Strains and Genetic Analysis Revealed Genes Involved in Fungal Growth and Virulence on Chili Pepper. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:818291. [PMID: 35154058 PMCID: PMC8828978 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.818291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colletotrichum scovillei causes anthracnose of chili pepper in many countries. Three strains of this pathogen, Coll-524, Coll-153, and Coll-365, show varied virulence on chili pepper. Among the three strains, Coll-365 showed significant defects in growth and virulence. To decipher the genetic variations among these strains and identify genes contributing to growth and virulence, comparative genomic analysis and gene transformation to show gene function were applied in this study. Compared to Coll-524, Coll-153, and Coll-365 had numerous gene losses including 32 candidate effector genes that are mainly exist in acutatum species complex. A cluster of 14 genes in a 34-kb genomic fragment was lost in Coll-365. Through gene transformation, three genes in the 34-kb fragment were identified to have functions in growth and/or virulence of C. scovillei. CsPLAA encoding a phospholipase A2-activating protein enhanced the growth of Coll-365. A combination of CsPLAA with one transcription factor CsBZTF and one C6 zinc finger domain-containing protein CsCZCP was found to enhance the pathogenicity of Coll-365. Introduction of CsGIP, which encodes a hypothetical protein, into Coll-365 caused a reduction in the germination rate of Coll-365. In conclusion, the highest virulent strain Coll-524 had more genes and encoded more pathogenicity related proteins and transposable elements than the other two strains, which may contribute to the high virulence of Coll-524. In addition, the absence of the 34-kb fragment plays a critical role in the defects of growth and virulence of strain Coll-365.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai-Keng Hsieh
- Ph.D. Program in Microbial Genomics, National Chung Hsing University and Academia Sinica, Taichung, Taiwan
- Advanced Plant Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Cheng Chuang
- Ph.D. Program in Microbial Genomics, National Chung Hsing University and Academia Sinica, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yi Chen
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ting Chao
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Yeh Jade Lu
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Miin-Huey Lee
- Ph.D. Program in Microbial Genomics, National Chung Hsing University and Academia Sinica, Taichung, Taiwan
- Advanced Plant Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Miin-Huey Lee,
| | - Ming-Che Shih
- Ph.D. Program in Microbial Genomics, National Chung Hsing University and Academia Sinica, Taichung, Taiwan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Ming-Che Shih,
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123
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Xu X, Hai D, Li J, Huang F, Wang Y. Molecular characterization of a novel penoulivirus from the phytopathogenic fungus Colletotrichum camelliae. Arch Virol 2022; 167:641-644. [PMID: 35034177 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05334-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Colletotrichum camelliae is a widespread filamentous phytopathogenic fungus. In this study, a novel mycovirus designated as "Colletotrichum camelliae botourmiavirus 1" (CcBV1) was isolated from strain ZJQT11 of C. camelliae, and its complete genome sequence was determined. CcBV1 has a genome of 2,506 nucleotides and contains a large open reading frame (ORF) that encodes an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) with 672 amino acids and a predicted molecular mass of 75.23 kDa. A BLASTp search showed that RdRp encoded by CcBV1 is closely related to that of Pyricularia oryzae ourmia-like virus 1 with 73.22% identity. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that CcBV1 clustered in the penoulivirus clade within the family Botourmiaviridae. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a penoulivirus in C. camelliae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Xu
- Hubei Academy of Forestry, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Du Hai
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jincang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Faxin Huang
- Hubei Academy of Forestry, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixun Wang
- Hubei Academy of Forestry, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.
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124
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Zheng H, Yu Z, Jiang X, Fang L, Qiao M. Endophytic Colletotrichum Species from Aquatic Plants in Southwest China. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:87. [PMID: 35050027 PMCID: PMC8779291 DOI: 10.3390/jof8010087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Colletotrichum species are plant pathogens, saprobes, and endophytes in many economically important hosts. Many studies have investigated the diversity and pathogenicity of Colletotrichum species in common ornamentals, fruits, and vegetables. However, Colletotrichum species occurring in aquatic plants are not well known. During the investigation of the diversity of endophytic fungi in aquatic plants in southwest China, 66 Colletotrichum isolates were obtained from aquatic plants there, and 26 of them were selected for sequencing and analyses of actin (ACT), chitin synthase (CHS-1), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, and β-tubulin (TUB2) genomic regions. Based on morphological characterization and multi-locus phylogenetic analyses, 13 Colletotrichum species were recognized, namely, C. baiyuense sp. nov., C. casaense sp. nov., C. demersi sp. nov., C. dianense sp. nov., C. fructicola, C. garzense sp. nov., C. jiangxiense, C. karstii, C. philoxeroidis sp. nov., C. spicati sp. nov., C. tengchongense sp. nov., C. vulgaris sp. nov., C. wuxuhaiense sp. nov. Two species complexes, the C. boninense species complex and C. gloeosporioides species complex, were found to be associated with aquatic plants. Pathogenicity tests revealed a broad diversity in pathogenicity and aggressiveness among the eight new Colletotrichum species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zheng
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Zefen Yu
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Xinwei Jiang
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Linlin Fang
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Min Qiao
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
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The CfMK1 Gene Regulates Reproduction, Appressorium Formation, and Pathogenesis in a Pear Anthracnose-Causing Fungus. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8010077. [PMID: 35050017 PMCID: PMC8779585 DOI: 10.3390/jof8010077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Colletotrichum fructicola, the causal agent of pear anthracnose, causes significant annual economic losses. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are highly conserved signal transduction pathways that play a crucial role in mediating cellular responses to environmental and host signals in plant pathogenic fungi. In this study, we identified an ortholog of the FUS3/KSS1-related MAPK gene, CfMK1, and characterized its function in C. fructicola. The Cfmk1 deletion mutants exhibited poorly developed aerial hyphae, autolysis, no conidial mass or perithecia on solid plates. However, the conidiation of the Cfmk1 mutant in PDB liquid medium was normal compared with that of the wild type (WT). Conidia of the Cfmk1 mutant exhibited a reduced germination rate on glass slides or plant surfaces. The Cfmk1 deletion mutants were unable to form appressoria and lost the capacity to penetrate plant epidermal cells. The ability of the Cfmk1 mutants to infect pear leaves and fruit was severely reduced. Moreover, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis of the WT and Cfmk1 mutant was performed, and the results revealed 1886 upregulated and 1554 downregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the mutant. The DEGs were significantly enriched in cell wall and pathogenesis terms, which was consistent with the defects of the Cfmk1 mutant in cell wall integrity and plant infection. Overall, our data demonstrate that CfMK1 plays critical roles in the regulation of aerial hyphal growth, asexual and sexual reproduction, autolysis, appressorium formation, and pathogenicity.
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Rasiukevičiūtė N, Brazaitytė A, Vaštakaitė-Kairienė V, Valiuškaitė A. Different LED Light Wavelengths and Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density Effect on Colletotrichum acutatum Growth. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11010143. [PMID: 35009145 PMCID: PMC8747561 DOI: 10.3390/plants11010143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate the effect of different photon flux density (PFD) and light-emitting diodes (LED) wavelengths on strawberry Colletotrichum acutatum growth characteristics. The C. acutatum growth characteristics under the blue 450 nm (B), green 530 nm (G), red 660 nm (R), far-red 735 nm (FR), and white 5700 K (W) LEDs at PFD 50, 100 and 200 μmol m−2 s−1 were evaluated. The effect on C. acutatum mycelial growth evaluated by daily measuring until five days after inoculation (DAI). The presence of conidia and size (width and length) evaluated after 5 DAI. The results showed that the highest inhibition of fungus growth was achieved after 1 DAI under B and G at 50 μmol m−2 s−1 PFD. Additionally, after 1–4 DAI under B at 200 μmol m−2 s−1 PFD. The lowest conidia width was under FR at 50 μmol m−2 s−1 PFD and length under FR at 100 μmol m−2 s−1 PFD. Various LED light wavelengths influenced differences in C. acutatum colonies color. In conclusion, different photosynthetic photon flux densities and wavelengths influence C. acutatum growth characteristics. The changes in C. acutatum morphological and phenotypical characteristics could be related to its ability to spread and infect plant tissues. This study’s findings could potentially help to manage C. acutatum by LEDs in controlled environment conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neringa Rasiukevičiūtė
- Laboratory of Plant Protection, Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Kauno Street 30, LT-54333 Babtai, Lithuania;
- Correspondence:
| | - Aušra Brazaitytė
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Kauno Street 30, LT-54333 Babtai, Lithuania; (A.B.); (V.V.-K.)
| | - Viktorija Vaštakaitė-Kairienė
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Kauno Street 30, LT-54333 Babtai, Lithuania; (A.B.); (V.V.-K.)
| | - Alma Valiuškaitė
- Laboratory of Plant Protection, Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Kauno Street 30, LT-54333 Babtai, Lithuania;
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127
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Mu T, Zhang Z, Liu R, Liu S, Li Z, Zhang X, Xia J. Morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses reveal three species of Colletotrichum in Shandong province, China. MycoKeys 2022; 85:57-71. [PMID: 34975280 PMCID: PMC8674231 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.85.75944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colletotrichum has numerous host range and distribution. Its species are important plant pathogens, endophytes and saprobes. Colletotrichum can cause regular or irregular depressions and necrotic lesions in the epidermal tissues of plants. During this research Colletotrichum specimens were collected from Mengyin County, Shandong Province, China. A multi-locus phylogenetic analysis of ITS, GAPDH, CHS-1, ACT, TUB2, CAL and GS sequence data combined with morphology, revealed a new species and two known species, viz. C.mengyinense sp. nov., C.gloeosporioides and C.pandanicola, belonging to the C.gloeosporioides species complex. The new species is described and illustrated in this paper and compared with taxa in the C.gloeosporioides species complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taichang Mu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China Shandong Agricultural University Tai'an China
| | - Zhaoxue Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China Shandong Agricultural University Tai'an China
| | - Rongyu Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China Shandong Agricultural University Tai'an China
| | - Shubin Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China Shandong Agricultural University Tai'an China
| | - Zhuang Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China Shandong Agricultural University Tai'an China
| | - Xiuguo Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China Shandong Agricultural University Tai'an China
| | - Jiwen Xia
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China Shandong Agricultural University Tai'an China
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Qiu MM, Chen KF, Liu QR, Miao WN, Liu B, Xu L. A ratiometric fluorescent sensor made of a terbium coordination polymer for the anthrax biomarker 2,6-dipicolinic acid with on-site detection assisted by a smartphone app. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce01256h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Tb-NDBC is a quantitative ratiometric fluorescence sensor for DPA detection with high sensitivity and selectivity, a rapid response, and durability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao-Miao Qiu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, Shaanxi Province, P. R. China
| | - Ke-Fu Chen
- College of Information Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, Henan Province, P. R. China
| | - Qi-Rui Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, Shaanxi Province, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Ni Miao
- Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, Shaanxi Province, P. R. China
| | - Bing Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, Shaanxi Province, P. R. China
| | - Ling Xu
- Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, Shaanxi Province, P. R. China
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129
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Fungal diversity notes 1512-1610: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions on genera and species of fungal taxa. FUNGAL DIVERS 2022; 117:1-272. [PMID: 36852303 PMCID: PMC9948003 DOI: 10.1007/s13225-022-00513-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
This article is the 14th in the Fungal Diversity Notes series, wherein we report 98 taxa distributed in two phyla, seven classes, 26 orders and 50 families which are described and illustrated. Taxa in this study were collected from Australia, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Chile, China, Cyprus, Egypt, France, French Guiana, India, Indonesia, Italy, Laos, Mexico, Russia, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Vietnam. There are 59 new taxa, 39 new hosts and new geographical distributions with one new combination. The 59 new species comprise Angustimassarina kunmingense, Asterina lopi, Asterina brigadeirensis, Bartalinia bidenticola, Bartalinia caryotae, Buellia pruinocalcarea, Coltricia insularis, Colletotrichum flexuosum, Colletotrichum thasutense, Coniochaeta caraganae, Coniothyrium yuccicola, Dematipyriforma aquatic, Dematipyriforma globispora, Dematipyriforma nilotica, Distoseptispora bambusicola, Fulvifomes jawadhuvensis, Fulvifomes malaiyanurensis, Fulvifomes thiruvannamalaiensis, Fusarium purpurea, Gerronema atrovirens, Gerronema flavum, Gerronema keralense, Gerronema kuruvense, Grammothele taiwanensis, Hongkongmyces changchunensis, Hypoxylon inaequale, Kirschsteiniothelia acutisporum, Kirschsteiniothelia crustaceum, Kirschsteiniothelia extensum, Kirschsteiniothelia septemseptatum, Kirschsteiniothelia spatiosum, Lecanora immersocalcarea, Lepiota subthailandica, Lindgomyces guizhouensis, Marthe asmius pallidoaurantiacus, Marasmius tangerinus, Neovaginatispora mangiferae, Pararamichloridium aquisubtropicum, Pestalotiopsis piraubensis, Phacidium chinaum, Phaeoisaria goiasensis, Phaeoseptum thailandicum, Pleurothecium aquisubtropicum, Pseudocercospora vernoniae, Pyrenophora verruculosa, Rhachomyces cruralis, Rhachomyces hyperommae, Rhachomyces magrinii, Rhachomyces platyprosophi, Rhizomarasmius cunninghamietorum, Skeletocutis cangshanensis, Skeletocutis subchrysella, Sporisorium anadelphiae-leptocomae, Tetraploa dashaoensis, Tomentella exiguelata, Tomentella fuscoaraneosa, Tricholomopsis lechatii, Vaginatispora flavispora and Wetmoreana blastidiocalcarea. The new combination is Torula sundara. The 39 new records on hosts and geographical distribution comprise Apiospora guiyangensis, Aplosporella artocarpi, Ascochyta medicaginicola, Astrocystis bambusicola, Athelia rolfsii, Bambusicola bambusae, Bipolaris luttrellii, Botryosphaeria dothidea, Chlorophyllum squamulosum, Colletotrichum aeschynomenes, Colletotrichum pandanicola, Coprinopsis cinerea, Corylicola italica, Curvularia alcornii, Curvularia senegalensis, Diaporthe foeniculina, Diaporthe longicolla, Diaporthe phaseolorum, Diatrypella quercina, Fusarium brachygibbosum, Helicoma aquaticum, Lepiota metulispora, Lepiota pongduadensis, Lepiota subvenenata, Melanconiella meridionalis, Monotosporella erecta, Nodulosphaeria digitalis, Palmiascoma gregariascomum, Periconia byssoides, Periconia cortaderiae, Pleopunctum ellipsoideum, Psilocybe keralensis, Scedosporium apiospermum, Scedosporium dehoogii, Scedosporium marina, Spegazzinia deightonii, Torula fici, Wiesneriomyces laurinus and Xylaria venosula. All these taxa are supported by morphological and multigene phylogenetic analyses. This article allows the researchers to publish fungal collections which are important for future studies. An updated, accurate and timely report of fungus-host and fungus-geography is important. We also provide an updated list of fungal taxa published in the previous fungal diversity notes. In this list, erroneous taxa and synonyms are marked and corrected accordingly.
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Evidences of Colletotrichum fructicola Causing Anthracnose on Passiflora edulis Sims in China. Pathogens 2021; 11:pathogens11010006. [PMID: 35055953 PMCID: PMC8777589 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) is a tropical and subtropical plant that is widely cultivated in China due to its high nutritional value, unique flavor and medicinal properties. In August 2020, typical anthracnose symptoms with light brown and water-soaked lesions on Passiflora edulis Sims were observed, which result in severe economic losses. The incidence of this disease was approximately 30%. The pathogens from the infected fruit were isolated and purified by the method of tissue isolation. Morphological observations showed that the colony of isolate BXG-2 was gray to celadon and grew in concentric circles. The orange conidia appeared in the center after 14 days of incubation. The pathogenicity was verified by Koch’s postulates. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS), chitin synthase (CHS-1), actin (ACT), and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) were amplified by relevant PCR programs. The multi-gene (ITS, GAPDH, ACT, CHS-1) phylogeny analysis confirmed that isolate BXG-2 belongs to Colletotrichum fructicola. The inhibitory effect of six synthetic fungicides on the mycelial growth of the pathogen was investigated, among which difenoconazole 10% WG showed the best inhibitory effect against C. fructicola with an EC50 value of 0.5579 mg·L−1. This is the first report of anthracnose on Passiflora edulis Sims caused by Colletotrichum fructicola in China.
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131
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Chen D, Nie X, Feng Q, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Wang Q, Huang L, Huang S, Liao S. Electrochemical Oxo-Fluorosulfonylation of Alkynes under Air: Facile Access to β-Keto Sulfonyl Fluorides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:27271-27276. [PMID: 34729882 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202112118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Radical fluorosulfonylation is emerging as an appealing approach for the synthesis of sulfonyl fluorides, which have widespread applications in many fields, in particular in the context of chemical biology and drug development. Here, we report the first investigation of FSO2 radical generation under electrochemical conditions, and the establishment of a new and facile approach for the synthesis of β-keto sulfonyl fluorides via oxo-fluorosulfonylation of alkynes with sulfuryl chlorofluoride as the radical precursor and air as the oxidant. This electrochemical protocol is amenable to access two different products (β-keto sulfonyl fluorides or α-chloro-β-keto sulfonyl fluorides) with the same reactants. The β-keto sulfonyl fluoride products can be utilized as useful building blocks in the synthesis of various derivatives and heterocycles, including the first synthesis of an oxathiazole dioxide compound. Furthermore, some β-keto sulfonyl fluorides and derivatives exhibited notably potent activities against Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengfeng Chen
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Xingliang Nie
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Qingyuan Feng
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Yingyin Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Yiheng Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Qiuyue Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Lin Huang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Shenlin Huang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Saihu Liao
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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132
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Chen D, Nie X, Feng Q, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Wang Q, Huang L, Huang S, Liao S. Electrochemical Oxo‐Fluorosulfonylation of Alkynes under Air: Facile Access to β‐Keto Sulfonyl Fluorides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dengfeng Chen
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China
| | - Xingliang Nie
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University) College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 China
| | - Qingyuan Feng
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China
| | - Yingyin Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China
| | - Yiheng Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China
| | - Qiuyue Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China
| | - Lin Huang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China
| | - Shenlin Huang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China
| | - Saihu Liao
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University) College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Beijing 100190 China
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Gonçalves DDC, Ribeiro WR, Gonçalves DC, Menini L, Costa H. Recent advances and future perspective of essential oils in control Colletotrichum spp.: A sustainable alternative in postharvest treatment of fruits. Food Res Int 2021; 150:110758. [PMID: 34865776 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The world population growth has raised concerns about food security. Agricultural systems are asked to satisfy a growing demand for food with increasingly limited resources, and simultaneously still must reduce the impacts on the environment. This scenario encourages the search for safe and sustainable production strategies. Reducing losses in the production process can be one of the main ways to guarantee food safety. In fruticulture, it is estimated that more than 50% of the production can be lost between harvest and the final consumer due to postharvest diseases caused by phytopathogenic fungi. The fungi of the genus Colletotrichum are opportunistic and are associated with several diseases, being the anthracnose the most relevant in terms of the quality and yield losses in fruit species around worldwide. To control these diseases, the use of synthetic fungicides has been the main instrument utilized, however, because of their phytotoxicity to human health, the environment, and strong selection pressure imposed by continuous applications, the fungicides have caused resistance in the pathogen populations. So reducing the excessive application of these products is indispensable for human health and for sustainable Agriculture. Towards this purpose, research has been carried out to identify the phytopathological potentiality of essential oils (EOs) extracted from plants. Therefore, this review aims to contribute to the formation of knowledge bases, about the discoveries, recent advances, and the use of EOs as a strategy to alternatively control fungal disease caused by Colletotrichum spp. in postharvest fruits. Here, we provide valuable information exploring the application potential of essential oils as commercially useful biorational pesticides for food preservation, contributing to sustainable production and global food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalila da Costa Gonçalves
- Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo (IFES - Alegre), Rodovia Br 482, Km 47 s/n, Alegre - ES 29520-000, Brazil.
| | - Wilian Rodrigues Ribeiro
- Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (CCA-UFES), Alto Universitário, S/N Guararema, Alegre - ES 29500-000, Brazil.
| | - Débora Cristina Gonçalves
- Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (CCA-UFES), Alto Universitário, S/N Guararema, Alegre - ES 29500-000, Brazil.
| | - Luciano Menini
- Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo (IFES - Alegre), Rodovia Br 482, Km 47 s/n, Alegre - ES 29520-000, Brazil.
| | - Hélcio Costa
- Fazenda do Estado - Incaper. BR 262, km 94 - Domingos, Martins - ES 29278-000, Brazil.
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134
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Cheon W, Kim YS, Balaraju K, Lee Y, Kwon HT, Jeon J, Jeon Y. Distinct Transcriptional Programs Underlie Differences in Virulence of Isolates on Host Plants in a Fungal Pathogen, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:743776. [PMID: 34858364 PMCID: PMC8630545 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.743776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Susceptible host plants challenged by fungal pathogens can display different types of lesions, which can be attributed to environmental factors affecting the nature of interactions between the host and pathogen. During our survey of apple anthracnose in Korea, two distinct types of disease symptoms, designated as progressive (PS) and static symptoms (SS), were recognized. PS is a typical, rapidly enlarging symptom of apple anthracnose, while SS is a small, dark speck that does not expand further until the harvesting season. Isolation and genotyping of pathogens from disease lesions suggested that all of them belong to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, a well-known causal agent of apple anthracnose. Two types of isolates were comparable in growth on media, spore germination and appressorium formation, virulence test on fruits at various temperature conditions. Furthermore, they were analyzed at the molecular level by a phylogenetic tree, RNA-seq, and expression of virulence gene. However, the SS isolates were defective in appressorium-mediated penetration into the underlying substratum. RNA-seq analysis of PS and SS isolates showed that distinct transcriptional programs underlie the development of different types of anthracnose symptoms in host plants. One downregulated gene in SS encoded isocitrate lyase is essential for disease development via its involvement in the glyoxylate cycle. It partly explains why SS is less virulent than PS on host plants. Overall, our work challenges the traditional view on the development of different lesion types and provides valuable insights into variations that exist in the pathogen population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonsu Cheon
- Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University, Andong, South Korea.,Microbial Research Department, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju, South Korea
| | - Young Soo Kim
- Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University, Andong, South Korea
| | - Kotnala Balaraju
- Agricultural Science & Technology Research Institute, Andong National University, Andong, South Korea
| | - Younmi Lee
- Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University, Andong, South Korea.,Agricultural Science & Technology Research Institute, Andong National University, Andong, South Korea
| | - Hyeok Tae Kwon
- Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University, Andong, South Korea
| | - Junhyun Jeon
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Yongho Jeon
- Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University, Andong, South Korea
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136
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Zhang R, Isozumi N, Mori M, Okuta R, Singkaravanit-Ogawa S, Imamura T, Kurita JI, Gan P, Shirasu K, Ohki S, Takano Y. Fungal effector SIB1 of Colletotrichum orbiculare has unique structural features and can suppress plant immunity in Nicotiana benthamiana. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101370. [PMID: 34756891 PMCID: PMC8633582 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal plant pathogens secrete virulence-related proteins, called effectors, to establish host infection; however, the details are not fully understood yet. Functional screening of effector candidates using Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression assay in Nicotiana benthamiana identified two virulence-related effectors, named SIB1 and SIB2 (Suppression of Immunity in N. benthamiana), of an anthracnose fungus Colletotrichum orbiculare, which infects both cucurbits and N. benthamiana. The Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression of SIB1 or SIB2 increased the susceptibility of N. benthamiana to C. orbiculare, which suggested these effectors can suppress immune responses in N. benthamiana. The presence of SIB1 and SIB2 homologs was found to be limited to the genus Colletotrichum. SIB1 suppressed both (i) the generation of reactive oxygen species triggered by two different pathogen-associated molecular patterns, chitin and flg22, and (ii) the cell death response triggered by the Phytophthora infestans INF1 elicitin in N. benthamiana. We determined the NMR-based structure of SIB1 to obtain its structural insights. The three-dimensional structure of SIB1 comprises five β-strands, each containing three disulfide bonds. The overall conformation was found to be a cylindrical shape, such as the well-known antiparallel β-barrel structure. However, the β-strands were found to display a unique topology, one pair of these β-strands formed a parallel β-sheet. These results suggest that the effector SIB1 present in Colletotrichum fungi has unique structural features and can suppress pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity in N. benthamiana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Zhang
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Noriyoshi Isozumi
- Center for Nano Materials and Technology (CNMT), Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST), Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Masashi Mori
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Ishikawa, Japan.
| | - Ryuta Okuta
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Tomohiro Imamura
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Kurita
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Pamela Gan
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ken Shirasu
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shinya Ohki
- Center for Nano Materials and Technology (CNMT), Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST), Ishikawa, Japan.
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137
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Lee NH, Fu T, Shin JH, Song YW, Jang DC, Kim KS. The Small GTPase CsRAC1 Is Important for Fungal Development and Pepper Anthracnose in Colletotrichum scovillei. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 37:607-618. [PMID: 34897252 PMCID: PMC8666242 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.09.2021.0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The pepper anthracnose fungus, Colletotrichum scovillei, causes severe losses of pepper fruit production in the tropical and temperate zones. RAC1 is a highly conserved small GTP-binding protein in the Rho GTPase family. This protein has been demonstrated to play a role in fungal development, and pathogenicity in several plant pathogenic fungi. However, the functional roles of RAC1 are not characterized in C. scovillei causing anthracnose on pepper fruits. Here, we generated a deletion mutant (ΔCsrac1) via homologous recombination to investigate the functional roles of CsRAC1. The ΔCsrac1 showed pleiotropic defects in fungal growth and developments, including vegetative growth, conidiogenesis, conidial germination and appressorium formation, compared to wild-type. Although ΔCsrac1 was able to develop appressoria, it failed to differentiate appressorium pegs. However, ΔCsrac1 still caused anthracnose disease with significantly reduced rate on wounded pepper fruits. Further analyses revealed that ΔCsrac1 was defective in tolerance to oxidative stress and suppression of host-defense genes. Taken together, our results suggest that CsRAC1 plays essential roles in fungal development and pathogenicity in C. scovillei-pepper fruit pathosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noh-Hyun Lee
- Division of Bio-Resource Sciences, BioHerb Research Institute, and Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341,
Korea
| | - Teng Fu
- Division of Bio-Resource Sciences, BioHerb Research Institute, and Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341,
Korea
| | - Jong-Hwan Shin
- Division of Bio-Resource Sciences, BioHerb Research Institute, and Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341,
Korea
| | - Yong-Won Song
- Division of Bio-Resource Sciences, BioHerb Research Institute, and Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341,
Korea
| | - Dong-Cheol Jang
- Department of Horticulture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341,
Korea
| | - Kyoung Su Kim
- Division of Bio-Resource Sciences, BioHerb Research Institute, and Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341,
Korea
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138
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Bragard C, Di Serio F, Gonthier P, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas-Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Thulke HH, Van der Werf W, Civera AV, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Migheli Q, Vloutoglou I, Campese C, Maiorano A, Streissl F, Reignault PL. Pest categorisation of Colletotrichum plurivorum. EFSA J 2021; 19:e06886. [PMID: 34795796 PMCID: PMC8579720 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The EFSA Plant Health Panel performed a pest categorisation of Colletotrichum plurivorum Damm, Alizadeh & Toy. Sato, a well-defined fungus of the C. orchidearum species complex which has been reported from Africa, Asia and America to cause anthracnose and pre- and post-harvest fruit rots on more than 30 plant genera. The pathogen has not been reported from the EU territory and is not included in EU Commission Implementing Regulation 2019/2072. Because of the very wide host range, this pest categorisation focused on Abelmoschus esculentus, Capsicum spp., Carica papaya, Glycine max, Manihot esculenta, Phaseolus lunatus, Pyrus bretschneideri and Vitis spp. for which there was robust evidence that C. plurivorum was formally identified by morphology and multilocus gene sequencing analysis. Host plants for planting and fresh fruits are the main pathways for the entry of the pathogen into the EU. The host availability and climate suitability factors occurring in some parts of the EU are favourable for the establishment of the pathogen. Economic impact on the production of the main hosts is expected if establishment occurs. Phytosanitary measures are available to prevent the introduction of the pathogen into the EU. Colletotrichum plurivorum satisfies the criteria that are within the remit of EFSA to assess for this species to be regarded as a potential Union quarantine pest. However, there is a high uncertainty on the status of C. plurivorum in the EU territory because of the lack of specific surveys following the re-evaluation of the taxonomy of the genus Colletotrichum.
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139
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Singkaravanit-Ogawa S, Kosaka A, Kitakura S, Uchida K, Nishiuchi T, Ono E, Fukunaga S, Takano Y. Arabidopsis CURLY LEAF functions in leaf immunity against fungal pathogens by concomitantly repressing SEPALLATA3 and activating ORA59. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 108:1005-1019. [PMID: 34506685 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis non-host resistance against non-adapted fungal pathogens including Colletotrichum fungi consists of pre-invasive and post-invasive immune responses. Here we report that non-host resistance against non-adapted Colletotrichum spp. in Arabidopsis leaves requires CURLY LEAF (CLF), which is critical for leaf development, flowering and growth. Microscopic analysis of pathogen behavior revealed a requirement for CLF in both pre- and post-invasive non-host resistance. The loss of a functional SEPALLATA3 (SEP3) gene, ectopically expressed in clf mutant leaves, suppressed not only the defect of the clf plants in growth and leaf development but also a defect in non-host resistance against the non-adapted Colletotrichum tropicale. However, the ectopic overexpression of SEP3 in Arabidopsis wild-type leaves did not disrupt the non-host resistance. The expression of multiple plant defensin (PDF) genes that are involved in non-host resistance against C. tropicale was repressed in clf leaves. Moreover, the Octadecanoid-responsive Arabidopsis 59 (ORA59) gene, which is required for PDF expression, was also repressed in clf leaves. Notably, when SEP3 was overexpressed in the ora59 mutant background, C. tropicale produced clear lesions in the inoculated leaves, indicating an impairment in non-host resistance. Furthermore, ora59 plants overexpressing SEP3 exhibited a defect in leaf immunity to the adapted Colletotrichum higginsianum. Since the ora59 plants overexpressing SEP3 did not display obvious leaf curling or reduced growth, in contrast to the clf mutants, these results strongly suggest that concomitant SEP3 repression and ORA59 induction via CLF are required for Arabidopsis leaf immunity to Colletotrichum fungi, uncoupled from CLF's function in growth and leaf development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ayumi Kosaka
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Saeko Kitakura
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kotaro Uchida
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Takumi Nishiuchi
- Advanced Science Research Center, Institute for Gene Research, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Erika Ono
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fukunaga
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Takano
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
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140
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Ji T, Salotti I, Dong C, Li M, Rossi V. Modeling the Effects of the Environment and the Host Plant on the Ripe Rot of Grapes, Caused by the Colletotrichum Species. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10112288. [PMID: 34834648 PMCID: PMC8623558 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Ripe rot caused by Colletotrichum spp. is a serious threat in many vineyards, and its control relies mainly on the repeated use of fungicides. A mechanistic, dynamic model for the prediction of grape ripe rot epidemics was developed by using information and data from a systematic literature review. The model accounts for (i) the production and maturation of the primary inoculum; (ii) the infection caused by the primary inoculum; (iii) the production of a secondary inoculum; and (iv) the infection caused by the secondary inoculum. The model was validated in 19 epidemics (vineyard × year combinations) between 1980 and 2014 in China, Japan, and the USA. The observed disease incidence was correlated with the number of infection events predicted by the model and their severity (ρ = 0.878 and 0.533, respectively, n = 37, p ≤ 0.001). The model also accurately predicted the disease severity progress during the season, with a concordance correlation coefficient of 0.975 between the observed and predicted data. Overall, the model provided an accurate description of the grape ripe rot system, as well as reliable predictions of infection events and of disease progress during the season. The model increases our understanding of ripe rot epidemics in vineyards and will help guide disease control. By using the model, growers can schedule fungicides based on the risk of infection rather than on a seasonal spray calendar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ji
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production (DI.PRO.VES.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via E. Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (T.J.); (I.S.)
| | - Irene Salotti
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production (DI.PRO.VES.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via E. Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (T.J.); (I.S.)
| | | | - Ming Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture (NERCITA) and Information Technology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China;
| | - Vittorio Rossi
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production (DI.PRO.VES.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via E. Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (T.J.); (I.S.)
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141
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Chakraborty A, Ray P. Mycoherbicides for the Noxious Meddlesome: Can Colletotrichum be a Budding Candidate? Front Microbiol 2021; 12:754048. [PMID: 34659190 PMCID: PMC8515123 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.754048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive plant species are a major threat to biodiversity and agricultural productivity. Hence, efforts to manage these menace involves extensive and effective use of chemical herbicides amongst others. However, not only is the impact of control with chemical herbicides short-lived but also leads to negative impact on human health and environment due to non-target herbicide-drift and runoff from the sprayed areas. This has ushed in much-anticipated nature-based potential regulators of weed species, in an attempt to lower the utilisation of chemical herbicides. Mycoherbicides have been seen as a benign, eco-friendly, host-specific, and replacement for chemical herbicides. There are several noteworthy genera of fungus that have been proved to be effective against weeds. They either produce strong phytotoxins or are often used as spore/conidia-based solutions and applied as a spray in growth media. One of such potential genera is Colletotrichum Corda 1831. Compared to other potent fungal genera, with well-established roles in conferring herbicidal activities by producing competent phytotoxins, only a few species under genus Colletotrichum are known to produce fungal metabolites be used as phytotoxins. This article elucidates the current understanding of using spore suspension/phytotoxin of Colletotrichum as a weedicide. We also discuss the interaction between fungal metabolites release and Colletotrichum-target plant, from a molecular and biochemical point of view. This review article has been written to accentuate on the potency of Colletotrichum, and to serve as an eye-opener to consider this genus for further fruitful investigations. However, inconsistency associated with mycoherbicides in terms of viability and efficacy under field conditions, production of bioactive compound, slow natural dispersal ability, etc., have often reduced their utility. Hence, our study emphasizes on the need to do extensive research in elucidating more phytotoxins from necrotrophic phytopathogenic microorganisms with novel mode of action for field application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwesha Chakraborty
- Multitrophic Interactions and Biocontrol Research Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Puja Ray
- Multitrophic Interactions and Biocontrol Research Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
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142
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Ogawa T, Chen J, Mise K, Takano Y. Multiple Colletotrichum species commonly exhibit focal effector accumulation in a biotrophic interface at the primary invasion sites in their host plants. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2021; 16:1935604. [PMID: 34120570 PMCID: PMC8331012 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2021.1935604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fungal plant pathogens deploy a suite of secreted proteins, called effectors, to facilitate successful infection. Several fungal pathogens have been reported to secrete and accumulate their effector proteins in the host-pathogen interfacial spaces. Previously, we reported that the strain 104-T of the cucurbit anthracnose pathogen Colletotrichum orbiculare secretes and accumulates mCherry-tagged effectors along with the formation of ring-shaped fluorescence signals beneath the appressoria. However, it was unclear whether these effector accumulation patterns occur in other C. orbiculare isolates and other species belonging to the Colletotrichum genus. Here, we investigated the effector localization during host infection of C. orbiculare MAFF306589, C. trifolii MAFF305078, which infects alfalfa, and C. higginsianum MAFF305635, which infects Brassicaceae plants. We generated effector-reporter lines of each species, which constitutively expressed mCherry-tagged CoDN3 effector (CoDN3:mCherry). Immunoblotting analysis of the liquid culture fluids of the generated lines detected CoDN3:mCherry, which confirmed secretion of CoDN3:mCherry by fungal cells. Via inoculation assays in the corresponding host plants, we detected ring-shaped CoDN3:mCherry fluorescence around the appressorial invasion sites in all tested reporter lines. These results suggest that pathogens in the Colletotrichum genus have evolutionarily conserved the trait of effector secretion in the infection stage irrespective of differences in their hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Ogawa
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jinlian Chen
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Mise
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Takano
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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143
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Grano-Maldonado MI, Ramos-Payan R, Rivera-Chaparro F, Aguilar-Medina M, Romero-Quintana JG, Rodríguez-Santiago A, Nieves-Soto M. First Molecular Characterization of Colletotrichum sp. and Fusarium sp. Isolated from Mangrove in Mexico and the Antagonist Effect of Trichoderma harzianum as an Effective Biocontrol Agent. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 37:465-475. [PMID: 34847633 PMCID: PMC8632615 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.03.2021.0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize potential fungal species affecting mangrove species in Mexico. The phytopathogens were identified based on morphological and molecular characteristics using internal transcribed spacer (ITS1/ITS4) primers then sequenced and compared with the other related sequences in GenBank (NCBI). Three fungal species were identified as Colletotrichum queenslandicum (Weir and Johnst, 2012) from black mangrove (Avicennia germinans); Colletotrichum ti (Weir and Johnst, 2012) from white mangrove (Laguncularia racemosa) and buttonwood mangrove (Conocarpus erectus); Fusarium equiseti (Corda) from red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle). In addition, C. ti and F. equiseti were identified from mango Mangifera indica L. sampled close by the mangrove area. This study provides first evidence of anthracnose on four mangrove species caused by Colletotrichum and Fusarium species in the "Términos" coastal lagoon in Campeche State southern Mexico. This is the first time that C. queenslandicum and C. ti are reported in Mexico. F. equiseti has not been reported affecting M. indica and R. mangle until the present work. Little is known regarding fungal diseases affecting mangroves in Mexico. These ecosystems are protected by Mexican laws and may be threatened by these pathogenic fungus. This is the first report of the effect of Trichoderma harzianum TRICHO-SIN as an effective biological control against of Colletotrichum and Fusarium species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosalio Ramos-Payan
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, 80010, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Sinaloa, México
| | - Fernando Rivera-Chaparro
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, 80010, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Sinaloa, México
| | - Maribel Aguilar-Medina
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, 80010, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Sinaloa, México
| | | | - Amparo Rodríguez-Santiago
- CONACYT, Universidad Autónoma del Carmen, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, 24155 Ciudad del Carmen, Campeche, México
| | - Mario Nieves-Soto
- Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, 82000 Mazatlán, Sinaloa, México
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Jian Y, Li Y, Tang G, Zheng X, Khaskheli MI, Gong G. Identification of Colletotrichum Species Associated with Anthracnose Disease of Strawberry in Sichuan Province, China. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 105:3025-3036. [PMID: 33749314 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-10-20-2114-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Strawberry anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum species, is a major fungal disease threatening the strawberry industry in Sichuan Province of southwestern China. However, research on identification of Colletotrichum species associated with strawberry anthracnose in Sichuan remains scarce. In this study, 73 representative Colletotrichum strains were isolated from diseased leaves, stolons, petioles, and crowns of 11 major strawberry-planting localities in Sichuan Province. Based on morphological characteristics and multiloci phylogenetic analysis, the Colletotrichum strains were identified as three distinct species: Colletotrichum fructicola (53 strains, 72.60%), Colletotrichum siamense (17 strains, 23.29%), and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides sensu stricto (3 strains, 4.11%). Among them, C. fructicola was the most ubiquitous and dominant species, whereas C. gloeosporioides sensu stricto was restricted to Chongzhou. Importantly, our pathogenicity tests showed that C. fructicola and C. siamense can infect both leaves and stolons, whereas C. gloeosporioides sensu stricto was only pathogenic to leaves. Interestingly, although the sexual stage of C. siamense was not observed in this study, it still exhibited the strongest virulence to strawberry compared with C. gloeosporioides sensu stricto and C. fructicola. This is the first study to characterize Colletotrichum species causing strawberry anthracnose and evaluate their pathogenicity in Sichuan Province of southwestern China, which will provide a better strategy for accurate diagnosis and management of anthracnose disease in strawberry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqing Jian
- College of Agronomy & Key Laboratory for Major Crop Diseases, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| | - Ying Li
- College of Agronomy & Key Laboratory for Major Crop Diseases, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| | - Guiting Tang
- College of Agronomy & Key Laboratory for Major Crop Diseases, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
- Southeast Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuling 408000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojuan Zheng
- College of Agronomy & Key Laboratory for Major Crop Diseases, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| | - Muhammad Ibrahim Khaskheli
- College of Agronomy & Key Laboratory for Major Crop Diseases, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
- Department of Plant Protection, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam 70060, Pakistan
| | - Guoshu Gong
- College of Agronomy & Key Laboratory for Major Crop Diseases, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
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145
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Carneiro GA, Baric S. Colletotrichum fioriniae and Colletotrichum godetiae Causing Postharvest Bitter Rot of Apple in South Tyrol (Northern Italy). PLANT DISEASE 2021; 105:3118-3126. [PMID: 33656363 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-11-20-2482-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
South Tyrol (northern Italy) harbors one of the largest interconnected apple farming areas in Europe, contributing approximately 10% to the apple production of the European Union. Despite the availability of sophisticated storage facilities, postharvest diseases occur, one of which is bitter rot of apple. In Europe, this postharvest disease is mainly caused by the Colletotrichum acutatum species complex. This study aimed to characterize the Colletotrichum spp. isolated from decayed apple fruit collected in 2018 and 2019 in South Tyrol. The characterization of Colletotrichum spp. was accomplished based on multilocus DNA sequences of four different genomic regions-actin (ACT), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), histone H3 (HIS3), and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region-as well as morphological and pathogenicity assessment. A phylogenetic analysis based on multilocus DNA sequences showed that the isolates obtained from apples with symptoms of bitter rot belonged to the species Colletotrichum godetiae and Colletotrichum fioriniae, which are part of the Colletotrichum acutatum species complex. A third species isolated from apples belonging to the same species complex, Colletotrichum salicis, was described in this area. Moreover, the Colletotrichum isolates found in this study proved to be virulent on Cripps Pink, Golden Delicious, and Roho 3615/Evelina. To the best of our knowledge, C. godetiae and C. fioriniae have so far never been mentioned as postharvest pathogens of apple in Italy, although the reanalysis of samples collected in the past indicates that these pathogens have been occurring in Italy for at least a decade. So far, bitter rot seems to play a minor role as a postharvest disease in South Tyrol, but it was disproportionately represented on a few scab-resistant apple cultivars, which are increasingly planted in organically managed orchards. Considering that the expansion of organic apple production and the conversion to new potentially Colletotrichum-susceptible cultivars will continue, the present study represents an important contribution toward a better understanding of bitter rot in this geographic area.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greice Amaral Carneiro
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, 39100 Bozen-Bolzano, Italy
| | - Sanja Baric
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, 39100 Bozen-Bolzano, Italy
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146
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Colletotrichum species and complexes: geographic distribution, host range and conservation status. FUNGAL DIVERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-021-00491-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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147
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De Vivo M, Wang WH, Chen KH, Huang JP. First detection of Colletotrichumfructicola (Ascomycota) on horsehair worms (Nematomorpha). Biodivers Data J 2021; 9:e72798. [PMID: 34690520 PMCID: PMC8484196 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.9.e72798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal members of Colletotrichum (Ascomycota) were found to be associated with Chordodesformosanus, one of the three currently known horsehair worm (Nematomorpha) species in Taiwan. The fungi were identified as Colletotrichumfructicola, which is mostly known as a plant pathogen, through the use of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer and partial large subunit (nrITS + nrLSU) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) DNA sequences. To our knowledge, this report represents both the first records for Colletotrichum associated with hairworms and for fungi on Nematomorpha. These findings expand the knowledge on the ecological relationships of both clades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia De Vivo
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, TaiwanBiodiversity Research Center, Academia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, TaiwanDepartment of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Biodiversity Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, TaiwanBiodiversity Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Taiwan Normal UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Wen-Hong Wang
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, TaiwanBiodiversity Research Center, Academia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Ko-Hsuan Chen
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, TaiwanBiodiversity Research Center, Academia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Jen-Pan Huang
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, TaiwanBiodiversity Research Center, Academia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
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148
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Moral J, Agustí-Brisach C, Raya MC, Jurado-Bello J, López-Moral A, Roca LF, Chattaoui M, Rhouma A, Nigro F, Sergeeva V, Trapero A. Diversity of Colletotrichum Species Associated with Olive Anthracnose Worldwide. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:741. [PMID: 34575779 PMCID: PMC8466006 DOI: 10.3390/jof7090741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Olive anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum species causes dramatic losses of fruit yield and oil quality worldwide. A total of 185 Colletotrichum isolates obtained from olives and other hosts showing anthracnose symptoms in Spain and other olive-growing countries over the world were characterized. Colony and conidial morphology, benomyl-sensitive, and casein-hydrolysis activity were recorded. Multilocus alignments of ITS, TUB2, ACT, CHS-1, HIS3, and/or GAPDH were conducted for their molecular identification. The pathogenicity of the most representative Colletotrichum species was tested to olive fruits and to other hosts, such as almonds, apples, oleander, sweet oranges, and strawberries. In general, the phenotypic characters recorded were not useful to identify all species, although they allowed the separation of some species or species complexes. ITS and TUB2 were enough to infer Colletotrichum species within C. acutatum and C. boninense complexes, whereas ITS, TUB2, ACT, CHS-1, HIS-3, and GADPH regions were necessary to discriminate within the C. gloesporioides complex. Twelve Colletotrichum species belonging to C. acutatum, C. boninense, and C. gloeosporioides complexes were identified, with C. godetiae being dominant in Spain, Italy, Greece, and Tunisia, C. nymphaeae in Portugal, and C. fioriniae in California. The highest diversity with eight Colletotrichum spp. was found in Australia. Significant differences in virulence to olives were observed between isolates depending on the Colletotrichum species and host origin. When other hosts were inoculated, most of the Colletotrichum isolates tested were pathogenic in all the hosts evaluated, except for C. siamense to apple and sweet orange fruits, and C. godetiae to oleander leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Moral
- Departamento de Agronomía (DAUCO María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence 2021–2023), Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Edif. C4, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (C.A.-B.); (M.C.R.); (J.J.-B.); (A.L.-M.); (L.F.R.)
| | - Carlos Agustí-Brisach
- Departamento de Agronomía (DAUCO María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence 2021–2023), Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Edif. C4, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (C.A.-B.); (M.C.R.); (J.J.-B.); (A.L.-M.); (L.F.R.)
| | - Maria Carmen Raya
- Departamento de Agronomía (DAUCO María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence 2021–2023), Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Edif. C4, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (C.A.-B.); (M.C.R.); (J.J.-B.); (A.L.-M.); (L.F.R.)
| | - José Jurado-Bello
- Departamento de Agronomía (DAUCO María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence 2021–2023), Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Edif. C4, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (C.A.-B.); (M.C.R.); (J.J.-B.); (A.L.-M.); (L.F.R.)
| | - Ana López-Moral
- Departamento de Agronomía (DAUCO María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence 2021–2023), Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Edif. C4, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (C.A.-B.); (M.C.R.); (J.J.-B.); (A.L.-M.); (L.F.R.)
| | - Luis F. Roca
- Departamento de Agronomía (DAUCO María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence 2021–2023), Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Edif. C4, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (C.A.-B.); (M.C.R.); (J.J.-B.); (A.L.-M.); (L.F.R.)
| | - Mayssa Chattaoui
- Laboratory of Improvement and Protection of Olive Genetic Resources, Olive Tree Institute, BP 208 Cité Mahrajene, Tunis 1082, Tunisia; (M.C.); (A.R.)
| | - Ali Rhouma
- Laboratory of Improvement and Protection of Olive Genetic Resources, Olive Tree Institute, BP 208 Cité Mahrajene, Tunis 1082, Tunisia; (M.C.); (A.R.)
| | - Franco Nigro
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - Vera Sergeeva
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith 2747, Australia;
| | - Antonio Trapero
- Departamento de Agronomía (DAUCO María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence 2021–2023), Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Edif. C4, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (C.A.-B.); (M.C.R.); (J.J.-B.); (A.L.-M.); (L.F.R.)
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149
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Phylogenetic Analysis and Genetic Diversity of Colletotrichum falcatum Isolates Causing Sugarcane Red Rot Disease in Bangladesh. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10090862. [PMID: 34571739 PMCID: PMC8467384 DOI: 10.3390/biology10090862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Sugarcane is an important agro-industrial crop because it is one of the major sources of white sugar. Red rot which is caused by Colletotrichum falcatum is the most devastating disease of sugarcane because its infestation results in significant sugarcane yield loss. The intra- and inter-specific genetic diversity, population structure and phylogenetic relationship amongst C. falcatum isolates from Bangladesh remain unclear. This information is essential for the effective management of red rot and to also develop resistant sugarcane varieties through plant breeding programmes. This paper demonstrates the phylogenetic relationship and genetic diversity of C. falcatum isolates from Bangladesh. Also, it provides baseline information that can be used to establish red rot disease management strategies for future application. Abstract Colletotrichum falcatum Went causes red rot disease in sugarcane farming in the tropical and sub-tropical regions. This disease causes significant economic loss to the sugarcane production industry. Successful disease management strategies depend on understanding the evolutionary relationship between pathogens, genetic diversity, and population structure, particularly at the intra-specific level. Forty-one isolates of C. falcatum were collected from different sugarcane farms across Bangladesh for molecular identification, phylogeny and genetic diversity study. The four genes namely, ITS-rDNA, β-tubulin, Actin and GAPDH sequences were conducted. All the 41 C. falcatum isolates showed a 99–100% similarity index to the conserved gene sequences in the GenBank database. The phylogram of the four genes revealed that C. falcatum isolates of Bangladesh clustered in the same clade and no distinct geographical structuring were evident within the clade. The four gene sequences revealed that C. falcatum isolates from Bangladesh differed from other countries´ isolates because of nucleotides substitution at different loci. The genetic structure of C. falcatum isolates were determined using ISSR marker generated 404 polymorphic loci from 10 selected markers. The percentage of polymorphic loci was 99.01. The genetic variability at species level was slightly higher than at population level. Total mean gene diversity at the species level was 0.1732 whereas at population level it was 0.1521. The cluster analysis divided 41 isolates into four main genetic groups and the principal component analysis was consistent with cluster analysis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first finding on characterizing C. falcatum isolates infesting sugarcane in Bangladesh. The results of this present study provide important baseline information vis a vis C. falcatum phylogeny analysis and genetic diversity study.
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150
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Tsushima A, Narusaka M, Gan P, Kumakura N, Hiroyama R, Kato N, Takahashi S, Takano Y, Narusaka Y, Shirasu K. The Conserved Colletotrichum spp. Effector Candidate CEC3 Induces Nuclear Expansion and Cell Death in Plants. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:682155. [PMID: 34539598 PMCID: PMC8446390 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.682155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant pathogens secrete proteins, known as effectors, that promote infection by manipulating host cells. Members of the phytopathogenic fungal genus Colletotrichum collectively have a broad host range and generally adopt a hemibiotrophic lifestyle that includes an initial biotrophic phase and a later necrotrophic phase. We hypothesized that Colletotrichum fungi use a set of conserved effectors during infection to support the two phases of their hemibiotrophic lifestyle. This study aimed to examine this hypothesis by identifying and characterizing conserved effectors among Colletotrichum fungi. Comparative genomic analyses using genomes of ascomycete fungi with different lifestyles identified seven effector candidates that are conserved across the genus Colletotrichum. Transient expression assays showed that one of these putative conserved effectors, CEC3, induces nuclear expansion and cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana, suggesting that CEC3 is involved in promoting host cell death during infection. Nuclear expansion and cell death induction were commonly observed in CEC3 homologs from four different Colletotrichum species that vary in host specificity. Thus, CEC3 proteins could represent a novel class of core effectors with functional conservation in the genus Colletotrichum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Tsushima
- Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Japan
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mari Narusaka
- Research Institute for Biological Sciences Okayama, Kaga-gun, Japan
| | - Pamela Gan
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Ryoko Hiroyama
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Naoki Kato
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, Wako, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Ken Shirasu
- Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Japan
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
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