101
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Bonsall S, Hubbard S, Jithin U, Anslow J, Todd D, Rowding C, Filarowski T, Duly G, Wilson R, Porter J, Turega S, Haywood-Small S. Water-Soluble Truncated Fatty Acid-Porphyrin Conjugates Provide Photo-Sensitizer Activity for Photodynamic Therapy in Malignant Mesothelioma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5446. [PMID: 36358864 PMCID: PMC9654571 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Clinical trials evaluating intrapleural photodynamic therapy (PDT) are ongoing for mesothelioma. Several issues still hinder the development of PDT, such as those related to the inherent properties of photosensitizers. Herein, we report the synthesis, photophysical, and photobiological properties of three porphyrin-based photosensitizers conjugated to truncated fatty acids (C5SHU to C7SHU). Our photosensitizers exhibited excellent water solubility and high PDT efficiency in mesothelioma. As expected, absorption spectroscopy confirmed an increased aggregation as a consequence of extending the fatty acid chain length. In vitro PDT activity was studied using human mesothelioma cell lines (biphasic MSTO-211H cells and epithelioid NCI-H28 cells) alongside a non-malignant mesothelial cell line (MET-5A). The PDT effect of these photosensitizers was initially assessed using the colorimetric WST-8 cell viability assay and the mode of cell death was determined via flow cytometry of Annexin V-FITC/PI-stained cells. Photosensitizers appeared to selectively localize within the non-nuclear compartments of cells before exhibiting high phototoxicity. Both apoptosis and necrosis were induced at 24 and 48 h. As our pentanoic acid-derivatized porphyrin (C5SHU) induced the largest anti-tumor effect in this study, we put this forward as an anti-tumor drug candidate in PDT and photo-imaging diagnosis in mesothelioma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sarah Haywood-Small
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, City Campus, Howard Street, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK
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102
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Dual-Functionalized Nanoliposomes Achieve a Synergistic Chemo-Phototherapeutic Effect. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232112817. [PMID: 36361615 PMCID: PMC9653560 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The enhancement of photodynamic therapy (PDT) effectiveness by combining it with other treatment modalities and improved drug delivery has become an interesting field in cancer research. We have prepared and characterized nanoliposomes containing the chemotherapeutic drug irinotecan (CPT11lip), the photodynamic agent protoporphyrin IX (PpIXlip), or their combination (CPT11-PpIXlip). The effects of individual and bimodal (chemo-phototherapeutic) treatments on HeLa cells have been studied by a combination of biological and photophysical studies. Bimodal treatments show synergistic cytotoxic effects on HeLa cells at relatively low doses of PpIX/PDT and CPT11. Mechanistic cell inactivation studies revealed mitotic catastrophe, apoptosis, and senescence contributions. The enhanced anticancer activity is due to a sustained generation of reactive oxygen species, which increases the number of double-strand DNA breaks. Bimodal chemo-phototherapeutic liposomes may have a very promising future in oncological therapy, potentially allowing a reduction in the CPT11 concentration required to achieve a therapeutic effect and overcoming resistance to individual cancer treatments.
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103
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Aires-Fernandes M, Botelho Costa R, Rochetti do Amaral S, Mussagy CU, Santos-Ebinuma VC, Primo FL. Development of Biotechnological Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy: Cancer Research and Treatment-From Benchtop to Clinical Practice. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27206848. [PMID: 36296441 PMCID: PMC9609562 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27206848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a noninvasive therapeutic approach that has been applied in studies for the treatment of various diseases. In this context, PDT has been suggested as a new therapy or adjuvant therapy to traditional cancer therapy. The mode of action of PDT consists of the generation of singlet oxygen (¹O2) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) through the administration of a compound called photosensitizer (PS), a light source, and molecular oxygen (3O2). This combination generates controlled photochemical reactions (photodynamic mechanisms) that produce ROS, such as singlet oxygen (¹O2), which can induce apoptosis and/or cell death induced by necrosis, degeneration of the tumor vasculature, stimulation of the antitumor immune response, and induction of inflammatory reactions in the illuminated region. However, the traditional compounds used in PDT limit its application. In this context, compounds of biotechnological origin with photosensitizing activity in association with nanotechnology are being used in PDT, aiming at its application in several types of cancer but with less toxicity toward neighboring tissues and better absorption of light for more aggressive types of cancer. In this review, we present studies involving innovatively developed PS that aimed to improve the efficiency of PDT in cancer treatment. Specifically, we focused on the clinical translation and application of PS of natural origin on cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariza Aires-Fernandes
- Department of Bioprocess and Biotechnology Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University—UNESP, Araraquara 14800-903, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ramon Botelho Costa
- Department of Bioprocess and Biotechnology Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University—UNESP, Araraquara 14800-903, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Stéphanie Rochetti do Amaral
- Department of Bioprocess and Biotechnology Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University—UNESP, Araraquara 14800-903, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cassamo Ussemane Mussagy
- Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Quillota 2260000, Chile
| | - Valéria C. Santos-Ebinuma
- Department of Bioprocess and Biotechnology Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University—UNESP, Araraquara 14800-903, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Lucas Primo
- Department of Bioprocess and Biotechnology Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University—UNESP, Araraquara 14800-903, São Paulo, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-16-3301-4661
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104
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Quantum Dots Mediated Imaging and Phototherapy in Cancer Spheroid Models: State of the Art and Perspectives. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102136. [PMID: 36297571 PMCID: PMC9611360 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum Dots (QDs) are fluorescent nanoparticles known for their exceptional optical properties, i.e., high fluorescence emission, photostability, narrow emission spectrum, and broad excitation wavelength. These properties make QDs an exciting choice for bioimaging applications, notably in cancer imaging. Challenges lie in their ability to specifically label targeted cells. Numerous studies have been carried out with QDs coupled to various ligands like peptides, antibodies, aptamers, etc., to achieve efficient targeting. Most studies were conducted in vitro with two-dimensional cell monolayers (n = 8902) before evolving towards more sophisticated models. Three-dimensional multicellular tumor models better recapitulate in vivo conditions by mimicking cell-to-cell and cell-matrix interactions. To date, only few studies (n = 34) were conducted in 3D in vitro models such as spheroids, whereas these models could better represent QDs behavior in tumors compared to monolayers. Thus, the purpose of this review is to present a state of the art on the studies conducted with Quantum Dots on spheroid models for imaging and phototherapy purposes.
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105
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Awad M, Barnes TJ, Thomas N, Joyce P, Prestidge CA. Gallium Protoporphyrin Liquid Crystalline Lipid Nanoparticles: A Third-Generation Photosensitizer against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102124. [PMID: 36297559 PMCID: PMC9610264 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The looming antimicrobial resistance pandemic has encouraged the investigation of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) as a promising technology to combat recalcitrant bacterial infections caused by antibiotic resistant strains. Here, we report on the optimization and effective application of gallium protoporphyrin liquid crystalline lipid nanoparticles (GaPP-LCNP) as a photosensitizer for aPDT against the Gram-negative bacteria P. aeruginosa in both planktonic and biofilm modes of growth. LCNP significantly enhanced the performance of GaPP as photosensitizer by two-fold, which was correlated with higher antibacterial activity, reducing the viability of planktonic P. aeruginosa by 7 log10 using 0.8 µM GaPP-LCNP and a light dose of 17 J.cm−2. Importantly, GaPP-LCNP also reduced the viability of biofilms by 6 log10 at relatively low light dose of 34.2 J.cm−2 using only 3 µM GaPP-LCNP. The high antibiofilm activity of GaPP-LCNP at low GaPP-LCNP dose indicated the high efficiency and safety profile of GaPP-LCNP as a promising platform for photodynamic inactivation of recalcitrant infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Awad
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation, University of South Australia, Clinical and Health Sciences, Adelaide 5000, Australia
- Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Woodville 5011, Australia
| | - Timothy J. Barnes
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation, University of South Australia, Clinical and Health Sciences, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Nicky Thomas
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation, University of South Australia, Clinical and Health Sciences, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Paul Joyce
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation, University of South Australia, Clinical and Health Sciences, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Clive A. Prestidge
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation, University of South Australia, Clinical and Health Sciences, Adelaide 5000, Australia
- Correspondence:
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106
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Combination of light and Ru(II) polypyridyl complexes: Recent advances in the development of new anticancer drugs. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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107
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Dey A, Singhvi G, Puri A, Kesharwani P, Dubey SK. An insight into photodynamic therapy towards treating major dermatological conditions. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022; 76:103751. [PMID: 36159728 PMCID: PMC9495279 DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT), as the name suggests is a light-based, non-invasive therapeutic treatment method that has garnered immense interest in the recent past for its efficacy in treating several pathological conditions. PDT has prominent use in the treatment of several dermatological conditions, which consequently have cosmetic benefits associated with it as PDT improves the overall appearance of the affected area. PDT is commonly used for repairing sun-damaged skin, providing skin rejuvenation, curbing pre-cancerous cells, treating conditions like acne, keratosis, skin-microbial infections, and cutaneous warts, etc. PDT mediates its action by generating oxygen species that are involved in bringing about immunomodulation, suppression of microbial load, wound-healing, lightening of scarring, etc. Although there are several challenges associated with PDT, the prominent ones being pain, erythema, insufficient delivery of the photosensitizing agent, and poor clinical outcomes, still PDT stands to be a promising approach with continuous efforts towards maximizing clinical efficacy while being cautious of the side effects and working towards lessening them. This article discusses the major skin-related conditions which can be treated or managed by employing PDT as a better or comparable alternative to conventional treatment approaches such that it also brings about aesthetic improvements thereof.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Dey
- R&D Healthcare Division, Emami Ltd, 13, BT Road, Belgharia, Kolkata 700056, India
| | - Gautam Singhvi
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India-333031
| | - Anu Puri
- RNA Structure and Design Section, RNA Biology Laboratory (RBL), Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute — Frederick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
- University Institute of Pharma Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Dubey
- R&D Healthcare Division, Emami Ltd, 13, BT Road, Belgharia, Kolkata 700056, India
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108
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Miura K, Wen Y, Tsushima M, Nakamura H. Photodynamic Therapy by Glucose Transporter 1-Selective Light Inactivation. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:34685-34692. [PMID: 36188330 PMCID: PMC9520747 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Chromophore-assisted light inactivation (CALI) was applied to molecule-targeted photodynamic therapy (PDT). In order to identify organic photosensitizers suitable for CALI, the carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) ligand, 4-sulfamoylbenzoic acid 1, was conjugated with several photosensitizers to produce compounds 2-7, whose CALI ability was evaluated by measuring their effect on CAII enzymatic activity. Di-iodinated BODIPY (I2BODIPY) exhibited excellent CAII inactivation ability, similar to that of Ru(bpy)3. The glucose-I2BODIPY conjugate (8) was synthesized as an inactivation of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), a protein overexpressed in many cancer cells. Under light irradiation, 8 exhibited concentration-dependent cytotoxicity with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 5.49, 11.14, and 8.73 μM, against human cervical carcinoma (HeLa), human lung carcinoma (A549), and human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell lines, respectively. The GLUT1 inhibitor phloretin suppressed the cytotoxicity induced by 8 under light irradiation in a concentration-dependent manner. Western blot analysis indicated that GLUT1 was not detected in cell lines treated with 10 μM 8 under light irradiation. Furthermore, 8 reduced the levels of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase (EGFR), phospho-ERK (Y204), and GLUT1 without affecting ERK, α-tubulin, and PCNA protein levels, whereas talaporfin sodium, a clinically approved photosensitizer for PDT, nonspecifically reduced intracellular protein levels in HeLa cells, indicating that 8 has a GLUT1-specific inactivation ability and causes light-induced cytotoxicity by modulating the EGFR/MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Miura
- Laboratory
for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Yijin Wen
- School
of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute
of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho,
Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Michihiko Tsushima
- School
of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute
of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho,
Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakamura
- Laboratory
for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
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109
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Xue Q, Zhang J, Jiao J, Qin W, Yang X. Photodynamic therapy for prostate cancer: Recent advances, challenges and opportunities. Front Oncol 2022; 12:980239. [PMID: 36212416 PMCID: PMC9538922 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.980239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, there has been a tendency toward early diagnosis of prostate cancer due to raised awareness among the general public and professionals, as well as the promotion of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening. As a result, patients with prostate cancer are detected at an earlier stage. Due to the risks of urine incontinence, erectile dysfunction, etc., surgery is not advised because the tumor is so small at this early stage. Doctors typically only advise active surveillance. However, it will bring negative psychological effects on patients, such as anxiety. And there is a higher chance of cancer progression. Focal therapy has received increasing attention as an alternative option between active monitoring and radical therapy. Due to its minimally invasive, oncological safety, low toxicity, minimal effects on functional outcomes and support by level 1 evidence from the only RCT within the focal therapy literature, photodynamic treatment (PDT) holds significant promise as the focal therapy of choice over other modalities for men with localized prostate cancer. However, there are still numerous obstacles that prevent further advancement. The review that follows provides an overview of the preclinical and clinical published research on PDT for prostate cancer from 1999 to the present. It focuses on clinical applications of PDT and innovative techniques and technologies that address current problems, especially the use of nanoparticle photosensitizers in PDT of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jingliang Zhang
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | | | - Weijun Qin
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaojian Yang
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
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110
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Theoretical Evaluation of the Interactions between Metal-Phthalocyanines and Various Fullerenes as Delivery Systems. CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemistry4030069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The photodynamic therapy (PDT) represents a non-invasive method with good results in the treatment of superficial tumors. PDT is based on a combination of two factors, namely, a non-toxic photosensitizing molecule and a light source; the photosensitizer absorbs a photon of radiation, leading to a series of reactions that cause irreversible damage to the affected tissue. The present paper investigates the photosensitization properties of nine substituted metal-phthalocyanines (the central metals being iron, nickel, and zinc). In addition, the interactions between the aforementioned compounds and four fullerenes are investigated by means of molecular docking studies in order to verify their potential as delivery systems for phthalocyanines. Our results outline that the properties of metal-phthalocyanines are mainly influenced by the type of substituent and to a lesser extent by the nature of the metal. The binding energies of the metal-phthalocyanines towards the fullerenes suggest a slight increased affinity for the fullerene C52 as compared to the three nitrogen- and phosphorus-doped C46N3P3 fullerenes.
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111
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Novel Short PEG Chain-Substituted Porphyrins: Synthesis, Photochemistry, and In Vitro Photodynamic Activity against Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710029. [PMID: 36077451 PMCID: PMC9456001 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This work presents the synthesis and characterization of metal-free, zinc (II), and cobalt (II) porphyrins substituted with short PEG chains. The synthesized compounds were characterized by UV-Vis, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The origin of the absorption bands for tested compounds in the UV-Vis range was determined using a computational model based on the electron density functional theory (DFT) and its time-dependent variant (TD-DFT). The photosensitizing activity was evaluated by measuring the ability to generate singlet oxygen (ΦΔ), which reached values up to 0.54. The photodynamic activity was tested using bladder (5637), prostate (LNCaP), and melanoma (A375) cancer cell lines. In vitro experiments clearly showed the structure-activity relationship regarding types of substituents, their positions in the phenyl ring, and the variety of central metal ions on the porphyrin core. Notably, the metal-free derivative 3 and its zinc derivative 6 exerted strong cytotoxic activity toward 5637 cells, with IC50 values of 8 and 15 nM, respectively. None of the tested compounds induced a cytotoxic effect without irradiation. In conclusion, these results highlight the potential value of the tested compounds for PDT application.
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112
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The Potential of Antibody Technology and Silver Nanoparticles for Enhancing Photodynamic Therapy for Melanoma. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092158. [PMID: 36140259 PMCID: PMC9495799 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is highly aggressive and is known to be efficient at resisting drug-induced apoptotic signals. Resection is currently the gold standard for melanoma management, but it only offers local control of the early stage of the disease. Metastatic melanoma is prone to recurrence, and has a poor prognosis and treatment response. Thus, the need for advanced theranostic alternatives is evident. Photodynamic therapy has been increasingly studied for melanoma treatment; however, it relies on passive drug accumulation, leading to off-target effects. Nanoparticles enhance drug biodistribution, uptake and intra-tumoural concentration and can be functionalised with monoclonal antibodies that offer selective biorecognition. Antibody–drug conjugates reduce passive drug accumulation and off-target effects. Nonetheless, one limitation of monoclonal antibodies and antibody–drug conjugates is their lack of versatility, given cancer’s heterogeneity. Monoclonal antibodies suffer several additional limitations that make recombinant antibody fragments more desirable. SNAP-tag is a modified version of the human DNA-repair enzyme, O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase. It reacts in an autocatalytic and covalent manner with benzylguanine-modified substrates, providing a simple protein labelling system. SNAP-tag can be genetically fused with antibody fragments, creating fusion proteins that can be easily labelled with benzylguanine-modified payloads for site-directed delivery. This review aims to highlight the benefits and limitations of the abovementioned approaches and to outline how their combination could enhance photodynamic therapy for melanoma.
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113
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Almammadov T, Elmazoglu Z, Atakan G, Kepil D, Aykent G, Kolemen S, Gunbas G. Locked and Loaded: β-Galactosidase Activated Photodynamic Therapy Agent Enables Selective Imaging and Targeted Treatment of Glioblastoma Multiforme Cancer Cells. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:4284-4293. [PMID: 36043987 PMCID: PMC9490748 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Selective detection and effective therapy of brain cancer, specifically, the very aggressive glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), remains one of the paramount challenges in clinical settings. While radiotherapy combined surgery is proposed as the main treatment course, it has several drawbacks such as complexity of the operation and common development of recurrent tumors in this course of patient care. Unique opportunities presented by photodynamic therapy (PDT) offer promising, effective, and precise therapy against GBM cells along with simultaneous imaging opportunities. However, activatable, theranostic molecular systems in PDT modality for GBM remained scarce. Specifically, even though elevated β-galactosidase (β-gal) activity in glioblastoma cells is well-documented, targeted, activatable therapeutic PDT agents have not been realized. Herein, we report a β-galactosidase (β-gal) activatable phototheranostic agent based on an iodinated resorufin core (RB-1) which was realized in only three steps with commercial reagents in 29% overall yield. RB-1 showed very high singlet oxygen (1O2) quantum yield (54%) accompanied by a remarkable turn-on response in fluorescence upon enzymatic activation. RB-1 was tested in different cell lines and revealed selective photocytotoxicity in U-87MG glioblastoma cells. Additionally, thanks to almost 7% fluorescence quantum yield (ΦF) despite extremely high 1O2 generation yield, RB-1 was also demonstrated as a successful agent for fluorescence imaging of U-87MG cells. Due to significantly lower (β-gal) activity in healthy cells (NIH/3T3), RB-1 stayed in a passive state and showed minimal photo and dark toxicity. RB-1 marks the first example of a β-gal activatable phototheranostic agent toward effective treatment of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toghrul Almammadov
- Department
of Chemistry, Koç University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zubeyir Elmazoglu
- Department
of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University
(METU), 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gizem Atakan
- Department
of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University
(METU), 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dilay Kepil
- Department
of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University
(METU), 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Guzide Aykent
- Department
of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University
(METU), 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Safacan Kolemen
- Department
of Chemistry, Koç University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey
- Surface
Science and Technology Center (KUYTAM), Koç University, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey
- Boron
and Advanced Materials Application and Research Center, Koç University, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gorkem Gunbas
- Department
of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University
(METU), 06800 Ankara, Turkey
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114
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Zhao Y, Liu J, He M, Dong Q, Zhang L, Xu Z, Kang Y, Xue P. Platinum-Titania Schottky Junction as Nanosonosensitizer, Glucose Scavenger, and Tumor Microenvironment-Modulator for Promoted Cancer Treatment. ACS NANO 2022; 16:12118-12133. [PMID: 35904186 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c02540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To date, the construction of heterogeneous interfaces between sonosensitizers and other semiconductors or noble metals has aroused increasing attention, owing to an enhanced interface charge transfer, augmented spin-flip, and attenuated activation energy of oxygen. Here, a smart therapeutic nanoplatform is constructed by surface immobilization of glucose oxidase (GOx) onto a TiO2@Pt Schottky junction. The sonodynamic therapy (SDT) and starvation therapy (ST) mediated by TiO2@Pt/GOx (TPG) promote systemic tumor suppression upon hypoxia alleviation in tumor microenvironment. The band gap of TiO2@Pt is outstandingly decreased to 2.9 eV, in contrast to that of pristine TiO2. The energy structure optimization enables a more rapid generation of singlet oxygen (1O2) and hydroxyl radicals (•OH) by TiO2@Pt under ultrasound irradiation, resulting from an enhanced separation of hole-electron pair for redox utilization. The tumorous reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and GOx-mediated glucose depletion facilitate oxidative damage and energy exhaustion of cancer cells, both of which can be tremendously amplified by Pt-catalyzed oxygen self-supply. Importantly, the combinatorial therapy triggers intense immunogenetic cell death, which favors a follow-up suppression of distant tumor and metastasis by evoking antitumor immunity. Collectively, this proof-of-concept paradigm provides an insightful strategy for highly efficient SDT/ST, which possesses good clinical potential for tackling cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinmin Zhao
- School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jiahui Liu
- School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Mengting He
- School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qi Dong
- School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Zhigang Xu
- School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yuejun Kang
- School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Peng Xue
- School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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George BP, Chota A, Sarbadhikary P, Abrahamse H. Fundamentals and applications of metal nanoparticle- enhanced singlet oxygen generation for improved cancer photodynamic therapy. Front Chem 2022; 10:964674. [PMID: 35936097 PMCID: PMC9352943 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.964674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The introduction of nanotechnology in the field of Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) has proven to have great potential to overcome some of the challenges associated with traditional organic photosensitizers (PS) with respect to their solubility, drug delivery, distribution and site-specific targeting. Other focused areas in PDT involve high singlet oxygen production capability and excitability of PS by deep tissue penetrating light wavelengths. Owing to their very promising optical and surface plasmon resonance properties, combination of traditional PSs with plasmonic metallic nanoparticles like gold and silver nanoparticles results in remarkably high singlet oxygen production and extended excitation property from visible and near-infrared lights. This review summarizes the importance, fundamentals and applications of on plasmonic metallic nanoparticles in PDT. Lastly, we highlight the future prospects of these plasmonic nanoengineering strategies with or without PS combination, to have a significant impact in improving the therapeutic efficacy of cancer PDT.
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Choi J, Sun IC, Sook Hwang H, Yeol Yoon H, Kim K. Light-triggered photodynamic nanomedicines for overcoming localized therapeutic efficacy in cancer treatment. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 186:114344. [PMID: 35580813 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic nanomedicines have significantly enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of photosensitizers (PSs) by overcoming critical limitations of PSs such as poor water solubility and low tumor accumulation. Furthermore, functional photodynamic nanomedicines have enabled overcoming oxygen depletion during photodynamic therapy (PDT) and tissue light penetration limitation by supplying oxygen or upconverting light in targeted tumor tissues, resulting in providing the potential to overcome biological therapeutic barriers of PDT. Nevertheless, their localized therapeutic effects still remain a huddle for the effective treatment of metastatic- or recurrent tumors. Recently, newly designed photodynamic nanomedicines and their combination chemo- or immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy enable the systemic treatment of various metastatic tumors by eliciting antitumor immune responses via immunogenic cell death (ICD). This review introduces recent advances in photodynamic nanomedicines and their applications, focusing on overcoming current limitations. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives of the clinical translation of photodynamic nanomedicines in cancer PDT are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwoong Choi
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; Medicinal Materials Research Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Cheol Sun
- Medicinal Materials Research Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Sook Hwang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Yeol Yoon
- Medicinal Materials Research Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kwangmeyung Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; Medicinal Materials Research Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.
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Singlet Oxygen, Photodynamic Therapy, and Mechanisms of Cancer Cell Death. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:7211485. [PMID: 35794980 PMCID: PMC9252714 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7211485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) can be developed into an important arsenal against cancer; it is a minimally invasive therapy, which is used in the treatment or/and palliation of a variety of cancers and benign diseases. The removal of cancerous tissue is achieved with the use of photosensitizer and a light source, which excites the photosensitizer. This excitation causes the photosensitizer to generate singlet oxygen and other reactive oxygen species. PDT has been used in several types of cancers including nonmelanoma skin cancer, bladder cancer, esophageal cancer, head and neck cancer, and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Although it is routinely used in nonmelanoma skin cancer, it has not been widely adopted in other solid cancers due to a lack of clinical data showing the superiority of PDT over other forms of treatment. Singlet oxygen used in PDT can alter the activity of the catalase, which induces immunomodulation through HOCl signaling. The singlet oxygen can induce apoptosis through both the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways. The extrinsic pathway of apoptosis starts with the activation of the Fas receptor by singlet oxygen that leads to activation of the caspase-7 and caspase-3. In the case of the intrinsic pathway, disruption caused by singlet oxygen in the mitochondria membrane leads to the release of cytochrome c, which binds with APAF-1 and procaspase-9, forming a complex, which activates caspase-3. Mechanisms of PDT action can vary according to organelles affected. In the plasma membrane, membrane disruption is caused by the oxidative stress leading to the intake of calcium ions, which causes swelling and rupture of cells due to excess intake of water, whereas disruption of lysosome causes the release of the cathepsins B and D, which cleave Bid into tBid, which changes the mitochondrial outer membrane permeability (MOMP). Oxidative stress causes misfolding of protein in the endoplasmic reticulum. When misfolding exceeds the threshold, it triggers unfolding protein response (UPR), which leads to activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3. Finally, the activation of p38 MAPK works as an alternative pathway for the induction of MOMP.
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Hu J, Hu J, Wu W, Qin Y, Fu J, Liu C, Seeberger PH, Yin J. Bimodal Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Targeted Minimally Interventional Photodynamic/Chemotherapy Using Glyco-Covalent-Organic Frameworks-Guided Porphyrin/Sorafenib. Acta Biomater 2022; 148:206-217. [PMID: 35697198 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Very limited treatment options are available to fight hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a serious global health concern with high morbidity and mortality. The integration of multiple therapies into one nanoplatform to exert synergistic therapeutic effects offers advantages over monotherapies. Here, we describe the construction of the nanoplatform Sor@GR-COF-366 for synergistic chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy (PDT) for HCC using a porphyrin-based covalent organic framework (COF-366) coated with N-acetyl-galactosamine (GalNAc) and rhodamine B (RhB), and loaded with the first-line agent, Sorafenib (Sor). The nanoplatform is targeted towards ASGPR-overexpressed HCC cells and liver tissues by GalNAc and observed by real-time imaging of RhB in vitro and in vivo. The nanoplatform Sor@GR-COF-366 exerts an enhanced synergistic tumor suppression effect in a subcutaneous HCC mouse model with a tumor inhibition rate (TGI) of 97% while significantly prolonging survival at very low toxicity. The potent synergistic therapeutic outcome is confirmed in an orthotopic mouse model of HCC with the TGI of 98% with a minimally invasive interventional PDT (IPDT). Sor@GR-COF-366 is a promising candidate to be combined with chemo-IPDT for the treatment of HCC. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This work describes the construction of covalent-organic frameworks (COFs) modified with glyco-moieties to serve as hepato-targeted multitherapy delivery systems. They combine minimally invasive interventional photodynamic therapy (IPDT) triggered synergism with chemotherapy treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). With the aid of minimally invasive intervention, PDT can elicit potent anti-cancer activity for deep solid tumors. This platform shows strong therapeutic outcomes in both subcutaneous and orthotopic mouse models, which can significantly prolong survival. This work showed an effective combination of a biomedical nano-formulation with the clinical operational means in cancer treatment, which is greatly promising in clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Lihu Avenue1800, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wenrui Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation and Department of Biliary-Pancreat Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Yufei Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation and Department of Biliary-Pancreat Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Junjie Fu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation and Department of Biliary-Pancreat Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Jian Yin
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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Advantages of combined photodynamic therapy in the treatment of oncological diseases. Biophys Rev 2022; 14:941-963. [DOI: 10.1007/s12551-022-00962-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Kogan EA, Meerovich GA, Karshieva SS, Makarova EA, Romanishkin ID, Akhlyustina EV, Meerovich IG, Zharkov NV, Demura TA, Chen ZL, Koudan EV, Angelov IP, Loschenov VB. On the mechanisms of photodynamic action of photosensitizers based on polycationic derivatives of synthetic bacteriochlorin against human lung cancer cells A549 (in vitro study). Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 39:102955. [PMID: 35690323 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the tasks of anticancer photodynamic therapy is increasing the efficacy of treatment of cancer nodes with large (clinically relevant) sizes using near-infrared photosensitizers (PS). We study the photodynamic action against A549 human lung cancer cells using PS based on polycationic derivatives of synthetic bacteriochlorin. METHODS The efficacy and mechanisms of the photodynamic action of PS based on polycationic derivatives of synthetic bacteriochlorin against A549 lung cancer cells were studied in vitro using immunocytochemical and morphological methods. RESULTS It was found that PS based on tetracationic and octacationic derivatives of synthetic bacteriochlorin induce necrosis, apoptosis, decreasing of proliferative and mitotic activity, as well as reducing the number of ALDH1-positive cancer cells with signs of stem cells in A549 human lung cancer cell culture. The IC50 values (concentration of a PS that reduces cells survival by 50%) were about 0.69 μM for tetracationic PS and 0.57 μM for octacationic PS under irradiation at 30 J/cm2 while in the "dark" control they were higher than 100 μM for both PSs. CONCLUSIONS Photosensitizers based on polycationic derivatives of synthetic bacteriochlorin have high phototoxicity against A549 cancer cells caused by the induction of necrosis and apoptosis of cancer cells, including cells with signs of stemness, and a sharp decrease of mitotic and proliferative activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniya A Kogan
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Gennady A Meerovich
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia; National Research Nuclear University "MEPhI", Moscow 115409, Russia
| | - Saida Sh Karshieva
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow 115478, Russia; 3D Bioprinting Solutions Ltd., Moscow 115409, Russia
| | | | - Igor D Romanishkin
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | | | - Irina G Meerovich
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Nikolai V Zharkov
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Tatiana A Demura
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Zhi-Long Chen
- Donghua University, Shanghai 200051, China; Huadong Hospital at Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | | | - Ivan P Angelov
- Institute of Electronics of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1784, Bulgaria; Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria.
| | - Victor B Loschenov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia; National Research Nuclear University "MEPhI", Moscow 115409, Russia
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Chen F, Novák Z, Dannecker C, Mokráš C, Sui L, Zhang Y, You Z, Han L, Lang J, Hillemanns P. Multicentre, prospective, randomised controlled trial to evaluate hexaminolevulinate photodynamic therapy (Cevira) as a novel treatment in patients with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion: APRICITY phase 3 study protocol. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e061740. [PMID: 35667715 PMCID: PMC9171256 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-061740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION High-risk human papilloma virus (HPV)-associated cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide. Current treatments of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) of the cervix are based on invasive surgical interventions, compromising cervical competence and functionality. APRICITY is a multicentre, prospective, double-blind, randomised controlled phase 3 study further evaluating the efficacy and safety of Cevira, an integrated drug-delivery and light-delivery device for hexaminolevulinate photodynamic therapy, which shows promise as a novel, non-invasive outpatient therapy for women with HSIL. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Patients with biopsy-confirmed HSIL histology are invited to participate in the study planned to be conducted at 47 sites in China and 25 sites in Ukraine, Russia and the European Union. The aim is to include at least 384 patients, which will be randomised to either Cevira or placebo group (2:1). All patients will be assessed 3 months after first treatment and a second treatment will be administered in patients who are HPV positive or have at least low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion. Primary endpoint is the proportion of the responders 6 months after first treatment. Secondary efficacy and safety endpoints will be assessed at 6 months, and data for secondary performance endpoints of the Cevira device will be collected at 3 months and 6 months, in case second treatment was administered. All patients in the Cevira group will be enrolled in an open, long-term extension study for 6 months to collect additional efficacy and safety data (study extension endpoints). ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study was approved by the ethics committee of the Peking Union Medical College Hospital and Hannover Medical University, Germany. Findings will be disseminated through peer review publications and conference presentations. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04484415; clinicaltrials.gov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zoltán Novák
- Aranyklinika Gynecology, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Gynaecology, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Christian Dannecker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | | | - Long Sui
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Youzhong Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhixue You
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jiangsu Province Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Han
- Asieris Pharmaceuticals (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinghe Lang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Peter Hillemanns
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Niedersachsen, Hannover, Germany
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Applications of Photodynamic Therapy in Endometrial Diseases. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9050226. [PMID: 35621504 PMCID: PMC9138084 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9050226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a medical procedure useful for several benign conditions (such as wound healing and infections) and cancer. PDT is minimally invasive, presents few side effects, good scaring, and is able to minimal tissue destruction maintaining organ anatomy and function. Endoscopic access to the uterus puts PDT in the spotlight for endometrial disease treatment. This work systematically reviews the current evidence of PDT’s potential and usefulness in endometrial diseases. Thus, this narrative review focused on PDT applications for endometrial disease, including reports regarding in vitro, ex vivo, animal, and clinical studies. Cell lines and primary samples were used as in vitro models of cancer, adenomyosis and endometrioses, while most animal studies focused the PDT outcomes on endometrial ablation. A few clinical attempts are known using PDT for endometrial ablation and cancer lesions. This review emphasises PDT as a promising field of research. This therapeutic approach has the potential to become an effective conservative treatment method for endometrial benign and malignant lesions. Further investigations with improved photosensitisers are highly expected.
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Bhattacharjee S. Craft of Co-encapsulation in Nanomedicine: A Struggle To Achieve Synergy through Reciprocity. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2022; 5:278-298. [PMID: 35592431 PMCID: PMC9112416 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.2c00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Achieving synergism, often by combination therapy via codelivery of chemotherapeutic agents, remains the mainstay of treating multidrug-resistance cases in cancer and microbial strains. With a typical core-shell architecture and surface functionalization to ensure facilitated targeting of tissues, nanocarriers are emerging as a promising platform toward gaining such synergism. Co-encapsulation of disparate theranostic agents in nanocarriers-from chemotherapeutic molecules to imaging or photothermal modalities-can not only address the issue of protecting the labile drug payload from a hostile biochemical environment but may also ensure optimized drug release as a mainstay of synergistic effect. However, the fate of co-encapsulated molecules, influenced by temporospatial proximity, remains unpredictable and marred with events with deleterious impact on therapeutic efficacy, including molecular rearrangement, aggregation, and denaturation. Thus, more than just an art of confining multiple therapeutics into a 3D nanoscale space, a co-encapsulated nanocarrier, while aiming for synergism, should strive toward achieving a harmonious cohabitation of the encapsulated molecules that, despite proximity and opportunities for interaction, remain innocuous toward each other and ensure molecular integrity. This account will inspect the current progress in co-encapsulation in nanocarriers and distill out the key points toward accomplishing such synergism through reciprocity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Bhattacharjee
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Mishchenko T, Balalaeva I, Gorokhova A, Vedunova M, Krysko DV. Which cell death modality wins the contest for photodynamic therapy of cancer? Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:455. [PMID: 35562364 PMCID: PMC9106666 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04851-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) was discovered more than 100 years ago. Since then, many protocols and agents for PDT have been proposed for the treatment of several types of cancer. Traditionally, cell death induced by PDT was categorized into three types: apoptosis, cell death associated with autophagy, and necrosis. However, with the discovery of several other regulated cell death modalities in recent years, it has become clear that this is a rather simple understanding of the mechanisms of action of PDT. New observations revealed that cancer cells exposed to PDT can pass through various non-conventional cell death pathways, such as paraptosis, parthanatos, mitotic catastrophe, pyroptosis, necroptosis, and ferroptosis. Nowadays, immunogenic cell death (ICD) has become one of the most promising ways to eradicate tumor cells by activation of the T-cell adaptive immune response and induction of long-term immunological memory. ICD can be triggered by many anti-cancer treatment methods, including PDT. In this review, we critically discuss recent findings on the non-conventional cell death mechanisms triggered by PDT. Next, we emphasize the role and contribution of ICD in these PDT-induced non-conventional cell death modalities. Finally, we discuss the obstacles and propose several areas of research that will help to overcome these challenges and lead to the development of highly effective anti-cancer therapy based on PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Mishchenko
- grid.28171.3d0000 0001 0344 908XInstitute of Biology and Biomedicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Irina Balalaeva
- grid.28171.3d0000 0001 0344 908XInstitute of Biology and Biomedicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Anastasia Gorokhova
- grid.28171.3d0000 0001 0344 908XInstitute of Biology and Biomedicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Maria Vedunova
- grid.28171.3d0000 0001 0344 908XInstitute of Biology and Biomedicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitri V. Krysko
- grid.28171.3d0000 0001 0344 908XInstitute of Biology and Biomedicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation ,grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Cell Death Investigation and Therapy Laboratory, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium ,grid.510942.bCancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium ,grid.448878.f0000 0001 2288 8774Department of Pathophysiology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
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Laranjo M, Pereira NAM, Oliveira ASR, Campos Aguiar M, Brites G, Nascimento BFO, Serambeque B, Costa BDP, Pina J, Seixas de Melo JS, Pineiro M, Botelho MF, Pinho e Melo TMVD. Ring-Fused meso-Tetraarylchlorins as Auspicious PDT Sensitizers: Synthesis, Structural Characterization, Photophysics, and Biological Evaluation. Front Chem 2022; 10:873245. [PMID: 35572112 PMCID: PMC9091369 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.873245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel 4,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine-fused meso-tetraarylchlorins, with different degrees of hydrophilicity (with methyl ester, hydroxymethyl, and carboxylic acid moieties), have been synthesized and their photophysical characterization as well as in vitro photocytotoxicity assessment against human melanoma and esophageal and bladder carcinomas was carried out. An integrated analysis of the photosensitizers’ performance, considering the singlet oxygen generation data, cell internalization, and intracellular localization, allowed to establish relevant structure-photoactivity relationships and the rationalization of the observed photocytotoxicity. In the diacid and monoalcohol series, chlorins derived from meso-tetraphenylporphyrin proved to be the most efficient photodynamic therapy agents, showing IC50 values of 68 and 344 nM against A375 cells, respectively. These compounds were less active against OE19 and HT1376 cells, the diacid chlorin with IC50 values still in the nano-molar range, whereas the monohydroxymethyl-chlorin showed significantly higher IC50 values. The lead di(hydroxymethyl)-substituted meso-tetraphenylchlorin confirmed its remarkable photoactivity with IC50 values below 75 nM against the studied cancer cell lines. Subcellular accumulation of this chlorin in the mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and plasma membrane was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mafalda Laranjo
- Institute of Biophysics and Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Centre of Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical and Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nelson A. M. Pereira
- Department of Chemistry, Coimbra Chemistry Centre-Institute of Molecular Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Andreia S. R. Oliveira
- Department of Chemistry, Coimbra Chemistry Centre-Institute of Molecular Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Márcia Campos Aguiar
- Institute of Biophysics and Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Chemistry, Coimbra Chemistry Centre-Institute of Molecular Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo Brites
- Institute of Biophysics and Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Bruno F. O. Nascimento
- Department of Chemistry, Coimbra Chemistry Centre-Institute of Molecular Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Serambeque
- Institute of Biophysics and Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Centre of Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Bruna D. P. Costa
- Department of Chemistry, Coimbra Chemistry Centre-Institute of Molecular Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Pina
- Department of Chemistry, Coimbra Chemistry Centre-Institute of Molecular Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - J. Sérgio Seixas de Melo
- Department of Chemistry, Coimbra Chemistry Centre-Institute of Molecular Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marta Pineiro
- Department of Chemistry, Coimbra Chemistry Centre-Institute of Molecular Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - M. Filomena Botelho
- Institute of Biophysics and Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Centre of Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical and Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Teresa M. V. D. Pinho e Melo
- Department of Chemistry, Coimbra Chemistry Centre-Institute of Molecular Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Teresa M. V. D. Pinho e Melo,
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Yoshimoto T, Shimada M, Tokunaga T, Nakao T, Nishi M, Takasu C, Kashihara H, Wada Y, Okikawa S, Yoshikawa K. Blue light irradiation inhibits the growth of colon cancer and activation of cancer‑associated fibroblasts. Oncol Rep 2022; 47:104. [PMID: 35417035 PMCID: PMC9019302 DOI: 10.3892/or.2022.8315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Irradiation with a specific wavelength of light using light‑emitting diodes (LEDs) has various effects on cells and organisms. Recently, the antitumor effects of visible blue light on tumor cells were reported; however, the mechanism and effects on the tumor microenvironment remain unclear. Human colon cancer cells (HCT‑116) were injected into the rectal wall of nude mice. Tumors were irradiated with a 465‑nm LED light at 30 mW/cm2 for 30 min. Tumor volumes and the expression levels of opsin 3 (Opn3), autophagy‑related factors, cancer‑associated fibroblast (CAF) markers, and programmed cell death 1‑ligand (PD‑L1) were measured. Additionally, human intestinal fibroblasts were cultured in HCT116‑conditioned medium (CM) to prepare CAFs. CAFs were divided into an LED group and a control group, and the effect of the LED light on CAF activation in colon cancer cells was examined. Irradiation with blue LED light suppressed tumor growth; Opn3 expression was localized to the cell membrane in the LED group. Irradiated tumors exhibited increased autophagy‑related gene expression. Furthermore, in the LED group, TGF‑β and α‑SMA expression levels in the fibroblasts were decreased. Regarding CAFs, α‑SMA and IL‑6 expression levels were decreased in the LED group. HCT‑116 cells cultured in CAF‑CM with LED irradiation showed no enhanced migration or invasion. In the HCT‑116 cells cultured in CM of CAFs irradiated with LED, the relative increase in PD‑L1 expression was lower than that noted in the CAF‑CM without LED irradiation. Blue LED light may have a direct antitumor effect on colon cancer and also an inhibitory effect on CAFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Yoshimoto
- Department of Surgery, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770‑8503, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Shimada
- Department of Surgery, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770‑8503, Japan
| | - Takuya Tokunaga
- Department of Surgery, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770‑8503, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Nakao
- Department of Surgery, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770‑8503, Japan
| | - Masaaki Nishi
- Department of Surgery, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770‑8503, Japan
| | - Chie Takasu
- Department of Surgery, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770‑8503, Japan
| | - Hideya Kashihara
- Department of Surgery, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770‑8503, Japan
| | - Yuma Wada
- Department of Surgery, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770‑8503, Japan
| | - Shohei Okikawa
- Department of Surgery, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770‑8503, Japan
| | - Kozo Yoshikawa
- Department of Surgery, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770‑8503, Japan
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Gong L, Zhang Y, Zhao J, Zhang Y, Tu K, Jiao L, Xu Q, Zhang M, Han S. All-In-One Biomimetic Nanoplatform Based on Hollow Polydopamine Nanoparticles for Synergistically Enhanced Radiotherapy of Colon Cancer. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2107656. [PMID: 35150039 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202107656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Even though radiotherapy is the most important therapeutic strategy for colon cancer treatment, there is an enormous demand to improve radiosensitivity in solid tumor destruction. For this purpose, a biomimetic nanoplatform based on hollow polydopamine nanoparticles (HP) with homologous targeting and pH-responsive drug release properties is designed. In this work, HP is constructed by using a chelation competition-induced polymerization strategy and then modified with the cancer cell membrane. Hollow polydopamine integrated with Pt nanoparticles (Pt@HP) has a catalase-like activity, which can be used to trigger endogenous H2 O2 into O2 , relieving hypoxia of the tumor microenvironment (TME). With mesoporous shells and large cavities, Pt@HP shows efficient apoptin100-109 (AP) and verteporfin (VP) loading to form AVPt@HP@M. Under X-ray irradiation, AVPt@HP@M exerts a radiosensitization effect via multiple strategies, including relieving hypoxia (Pt NPs), enhancing tumor apoptosis (AP), and X-ray-induced photodynamic therapy (X-PDT) (VP). Further metabonomics analysis shows that the specific mechanism of the AVPt@HP@M is through influencing purine metabolism. Without appreciable systemic toxicity, this nanoplatform highlights a new strategy for effective radiosensitization and provides a reference for treating malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuyun Gong
- Department of Radiotherapy, the First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Radiotherapy, the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, China
| | - Yilei Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Kangsheng Tu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Lianying Jiao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Qiuran Xu
- Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
- Research Center of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Mingzhen Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Suxia Han
- Department of Radiotherapy, the First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
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128
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Yu XT, Sui SY, He YX, Yu CH, Peng Q. Nanomaterials-based photosensitizers and delivery systems for photodynamic cancer therapy. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 135:212725. [PMID: 35929205 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The increasing cancer morbidity and mortality requires the development of high-efficiency and low-toxicity anticancer approaches. In recent years, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has attracted much attention in cancer therapy due to its non-invasive features and low side effects. Photosensitizer (PS) is one of the key factors of PDT, and its successful delivery largely determines the outcome of PDT. Although a few PS molecules have been approved for clinical use, PDT is still limited by the low stability and poor tumor targeting capacity of PSs. Various nanomaterial systems have shown great potentials in improving PDT, such as metal nanoparticles, graphene-based nanomaterials, liposomes, ROS-sensitive nanocarriers and supramolecular nanomaterials. The small molecular PSs can be loaded in functional nanomaterials to enhance the PS stability and tumor targeted delivery, and some functionalized nanomaterials themselves can be directly used as PSs. Herein, we aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of PDT, and summarize the recent progress of nanomaterials-based PSs and delivery systems in anticancer PDT. In addition, the concerns of nanomaterials-based PDT including low tumor targeting capacity, limited light penetration, hypoxia and nonspecific protein corona formation are discussed. The possible solutions to these concerns are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Tong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shang-Yan Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yu-Xuan He
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chen-Hao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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129
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Speciale A, Muscarà C, Molonia MS, Cristani M, Cimino F, Saija A. Recent Advances in Glycyrrhetinic Acid-Functionalized Biomaterials for Liver Cancer-Targeting Therapy. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27061775. [PMID: 35335138 PMCID: PMC8954912 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Liver cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer mortality worldwide. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are the conventional therapies generally employed in patients with liver tumors. The major issue associated with the administration of chemotherapeutics is their high toxicity and lack of selectivity, leading to systemic toxicity that can be detrimental to the patient’s quality of life. An important approach to the development of original liver-targeted therapeutic products takes advantage of the employment of biologically active ligands able to bind specific receptors on the cytoplasmatic membranes of liver cells. In this perspective, glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), a pentacyclic triterpenoid present in roots and rhizomes of licorice, has been used as a ligand for targeting the liver due to the expression of GA receptors on the sinusoidal surface of mammalian hepatocytes, so it may be employed to modify drug delivery systems (DDSs) and obtain better liver or hepatocyte drug uptake and efficacy. In the current review, we focus on the most recent and interesting research advances in the development of GA-based hybrid compounds and DDSs developed for potential employment as efficacious therapeutic options for the treatment of hepatic cancer.
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130
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Ren L, Wang L, Rehberg M, Stoeger T, Zhang J, Chen S. Applications and Immunological Effects of Quantum Dots on Respiratory System. Front Immunol 2022; 12:795232. [PMID: 35069577 PMCID: PMC8770806 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.795232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs), are one kind of nanoscale semiconductor crystals with specific electronic and optical properties, offering near-infrared mission and chemically active surfaces. Increasing interest for QDs exists in developing theranostics platforms for bioapplications such as imaging, drug delivery and therapy. Here we summarized QDs’ biomedical applications, toxicity, and immunological effects on the respiratory system. Bioapplications of QDs in lung include biomedical imaging, drug delivery, bio-sensing or diagnosis and therapy. Generically, toxic effects of nanoparticles are related to the generation of oxidative stresses with subsequent DNA damage and decreased lung cells viability in vitro and in vivo because of release of toxic metal ions or the features of QDs like its surface charge. Lastly, pulmonary immunological effects of QDs mainly include proinflammatory cytokines release and recruiting innate leukocytes or adaptive T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laibin Ren
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lingwei Wang
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Markus Rehberg
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg and Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Stoeger
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg and Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Jianglin Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Dermatology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shanze Chen
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
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131
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Antimicrobial Photodynamic Coatings Reduce the Microbial Burden on Environmental Surfaces in Public Transportation—A Field Study in Buses. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19042325. [PMID: 35206511 PMCID: PMC8872155 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19042325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Millions of people use public transportation daily worldwide and frequently touch surfaces, thereby producing a reservoir of microorganisms on surfaces increasing the risk of transmission. Constant occupation makes sufficient cleaning difficult to achieve. Thus, an autonomous, permanent, antimicrobial coating (AMC) could keep down the microbial burden on such surfaces. A photodynamic AMC was applied to frequently touched surfaces in buses. The microbial burden (colony forming units, cfu) was determined weekly and compared to equivalent surfaces in buses without AMC (references). The microbial burden ranged from 0–209 cfu/cm2 on references and from 0–54 cfu/cm2 on AMC. The means were 13.4 ± 29.6 cfu/cm2 on references and 4.5 ± 8.4 cfu/cm2 on AMC (p < 0.001). The difference in microbial burden on AMC and references was almost constant throughout the study. Considering a hygiene benchmark of 5 cfu/cm2, the data yield an absolute risk reduction of 22.6% and a relative risk reduction of 50.7%. In conclusion, photodynamic AMC kept down the microbial burden, reducing the risk of transmission of microorganisms. AMC permanently and autonomously contributes to hygienic conditions on surfaces in public transportation. Photodynamic AMC therefore are suitable for reducing the microbial load and closing hygiene gaps in public transportation.
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132
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de las Heras E, Sagristá ML, Agut M, Nonell S. Photosensitive EGFR-Targeted Nanocarriers for Combined Photodynamic and Local Chemotherapy. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020405. [PMID: 35214137 PMCID: PMC8880051 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The major limitation of any cancer therapy lies in the difficulty of precisely controlling the localization of the drug in the tumor cells. To improve this drawback, our study explores the use of actively-targeted chemo-photo-nanocarriers that recognize and bind to epidermal growth factor receptor-overexpressing cells and promote the local on-demand release of the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin triggered by light. Our results show that the attachment of high concentrations of doxorubicin to cetuximab-IRDye700DX-mesoporous silica nanoparticles yields efficient and selective photokilling of EGFR-expressing cells mainly through singlet oxygen-induced release of the doxorubicin from the nanocarrier and without any dark toxicity. Therefore, this novel triply functionalized nanosystem is an effective and safe nanodevice for light-triggered on-demand doxorubicin release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena de las Heras
- Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, 08017 Barcelona, Spain; (E.d.l.H.); (M.A.)
| | - M. Lluïsa Sagristá
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Montserrat Agut
- Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, 08017 Barcelona, Spain; (E.d.l.H.); (M.A.)
| | - Santi Nonell
- Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, 08017 Barcelona, Spain; (E.d.l.H.); (M.A.)
- Correspondence:
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133
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Wang Y, Zhen W, Jiang X, Li J. Driving Forces Sorted In Situ Size‐Increasing Strategy for Enhanced Tumor Imaging and Therapy. SMALL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202100117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 China
| | - Wenyao Zhen
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Xiue Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Jinghong Li
- Department of Chemistry Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
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134
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Zhao Y, Liu X, Liu X, Yu J, Bai X, Wu X, Guo X, Liu Z, Liu X. Combination of phototherapy with immune checkpoint blockade: Theory and practice in cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:955920. [PMID: 36119019 PMCID: PMC9478587 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.955920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy has evolved as a revolutionized therapeutic modality to eradicate tumor cells by releasing the brake of the antitumor immune response. However, only a subset of patients could benefit from ICB treatment currently. Phototherapy usually includes photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT). PTT exerts a local therapeutic effect by using photothermal agents to generate heat upon laser irradiation. PDT utilizes irradiated photosensitizers with a laser to produce reactive oxygen species to kill the target cells. Both PTT and PDT can induce immunogenic cell death in tumors to activate antigen-presenting cells and promote T cell infiltration. Therefore, combining ICB treatment with PTT/PDT can enhance the antitumor immune response and prevent tumor metastases and recurrence. In this review, we summarized the mechanism of phototherapy in cancer immunotherapy and discussed the recent advances in the development of phototherapy combined with ICB therapy to treat malignant tumors. Moreover, we also outlined the significant progress of phototherapy combined with targeted therapy or chemotherapy to improve ICB in preclinical and clinical studies. Finally, we analyzed the current challenges of this novel combination treatment regimen. We believe that the next-generation technology breakthrough in cancer treatment may come from this combinational win-win strategy of photoimmunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Zhao
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Breast, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Breast, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Head, Neck and Mammary Gland Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Breast, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Breast, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Bai
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Breast, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xi Wu
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Breast, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyu Guo
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Breast, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhihui Liu
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Breast, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Breast, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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135
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Razlog R, Kruger CA, Abrahamse H. Enhancement of Conventional and Photodynamic Therapy for Treatment of Cervical Cancer with Cannabidiol. Integr Cancer Ther 2022; 21:15347354221092706. [PMID: 35481367 PMCID: PMC9087227 DOI: 10.1177/15347354221092706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) is the fourth most diagnosed cancer in women worldwide. Conventional treatments include surgery, chemo- and radiotherapy, however these are invasive and may cause severe side effects. Furthermore, approximately 70% of late-stage CC patients experience metastasis, due to treatment resistance and limitations. Thus, there is a dire need to investigate alternative therapeutic combination therapies. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an alternative CC treatment modality that has been clinically proven to treat primary CC, as well as to limit secondary metastasis. Since PDT is a non-invasive localized treatment, with fewer side effects and lessened resistance to dose repeats, it is considered far more advantageous. However, more clinical trials are required to refine its delivery and dosing, as well as improve its ability to activate specific immune responses to eradicate secondary CC spread. Cannabidiol (CBD) isolates have been shown to exert in vitro CC anticancer effects, causing apoptosis post treatment, as well as inducing specific immune responses, which obstruct tumor invasion and angiogenesis, and so hinder CC metastatic spread. This review paper discusses the current conventional and alternative PDT treatment modalities for CC, as well as their limitations over the last 10 years. It has a particular focus on the combinative administration of CBD with these treatments in order to prevent CC secondary migration and so possibly encourage future research studies to focus on this synergistic effect to eradicate CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radmila Razlog
- Department of Complementary Medicine,
Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, Johannesburg,
South Africa
| | - Cherie Ann Kruger
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of
Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, South
Africa
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of
Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, South
Africa
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136
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Yang JI, Lee HL, Choi SH, Kim J, Yu YB, Jeong YIL, Kang DH. Reactive Oxygen Species-Sensitive Nanophotosensitizers of Methoxy Poly(ethylene glycol)-Chlorin e6/Phenyl Boronic Acid Pinacol Ester Conjugates Having Diselenide Linkages for Photodynamic Therapy of Cervical Cancer Cells. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 15:138. [PMID: 35009284 PMCID: PMC8746050 DOI: 10.3390/ma15010138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to fabricate nanophotosensitizers composed of methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG), chlorin e6 (Ce6), and phenylboronic acid pinacol ester (PBAP) with diselenide linkages for reactive oxygen species (ROS)-sensitive photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cervical cancer cells. To fabricate nanophotosensitizers, Ce6 was conjugated with mPEG via selenocystamine linkage and then remaining carboxylic acid groups of Ce6 was attached to PBAP (mPEGseseCe6PBAP conjugates). Nanophotosensitizers of mPEGseseCe6PBAP conjugates were prepared by dialysis method. In transmission electron microscope (TEM) observation, nanophotosensitizers of mPEGseseCe6PBAP conjugates have spherical shapes and their diameters were less than 150 nm. The average diameter of mPEGseseCe6PBAP nanophotosensitizers was 92.7 ± 9.6 nm in particle size analysis. When H2O2 was added to the nanophotosensitizer solution, nanophotosensitizers were sensitively disintegrated according to the H2O2 concentration and then changed from monomodal distribution to multimodal distribution in particle size distribution. Furthermore, Ce6 release from nanophotosensitizers also increased according to the H2O2 concentration. When H2O2 was added to cell culture of HeLa human cervical cancer cells, intracellular Ce6 uptake of nanophotosensitizers were gradually increased according to the H2O2 concentration, indicating that nanophotosensitizers showed ROS-sensitive delivery of Ce6 against cancer cells.As well as free Ce6, nanophotosensitizers in the absence of light irradiation have low intrinsic cytotoxicity against RAW264.7 cells and HeLa cells. However, nanophotosensitizers induced cell death dose-dependently under light irradiation. Especially, nanophotosensitizers showed significantly higher ROS generation and phototoxicity against HeLa cells in vitro. When nanophotosensitizers were intravenously administered to animal tumor xenograft model of HeLa cells, tumor tissues revealed stronger fluorescence intensity than other tissues by light irradiation while absence of light irradiation induced relatively lower fluorescence intensity in tumor tissues, indicating that nanophotosensitizers have sensitivity against oxidative stress in tumor tissues. We suggest that nanophotosensitizers of mPEGseseCe6PBAP conjugates are promising vehicle for PDT of cervical cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Il Yang
- Department of Medical Science, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Korea;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Hye-Lim Lee
- Research Institute of Convergence of Biomedical Sciences, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Korea; (H.-L.L.); (S.-H.C.); (J.K.)
| | - Seon-Hee Choi
- Research Institute of Convergence of Biomedical Sciences, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Korea; (H.-L.L.); (S.-H.C.); (J.K.)
| | - Jungsoo Kim
- Research Institute of Convergence of Biomedical Sciences, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Korea; (H.-L.L.); (S.-H.C.); (J.K.)
| | - Young-Bob Yu
- Department of Emergency Medical Rescue, Nambu University, Gwangju 62271, Korea;
- Department of Herbal Pharmaceutical Development, Nambu University, Gwangju 62271, Korea
| | - Young-IL Jeong
- Research Institute of Convergence of Biomedical Sciences, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Korea; (H.-L.L.); (S.-H.C.); (J.K.)
| | - Dae-Hwan Kang
- Department of Medical Science, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Korea;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Korea
- Research Institute of Convergence of Biomedical Sciences, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Korea; (H.-L.L.); (S.-H.C.); (J.K.)
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Tzani MA, Gioftsidou DK, Kallitsakis MG, Pliatsios NV, Kalogiouri NP, Angaridis PA, Lykakis IN, Terzidis MA. Direct and Indirect Chemiluminescence: Reactions, Mechanisms and Challenges. Molecules 2021; 26:7664. [PMID: 34946744 PMCID: PMC8705051 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Emission of light by matter can occur through a variety of mechanisms. When it results from an electronically excited state of a species produced by a chemical reaction, it is called chemiluminescence (CL). The phenomenon can take place both in natural and artificial chemical systems and it has been utilized in a variety of applications. In this review, we aim to revisit some of the latest CL applications based on direct and indirect production modes. The characteristics of the chemical reactions and the underpinning CL mechanisms are thoroughly discussed in view of studies from the very recent bibliography. Different methodologies aiming at higher CL efficiencies are summarized and presented in detail, including CL type and scaffolds used in each study. The CL role in the development of efficient therapeutic platforms is also discussed in relation to the Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and singlet oxygen (1O2) produced, as final products. Moreover, recent research results from our team are included regarding the behavior of commonly used photosensitizers upon chemical activation under CL conditions. The CL prospects in imaging, biomimetic organic and radical chemistry, and therapeutics are critically presented in respect to the persisting challenges and limitations of the existing strategies to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina A. Tzani
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (M.A.Tz.); (D.K.G.); (M.G.K.); (N.V.P.); (N.P.K.); (P.A.A.)
| | - Dimitra K. Gioftsidou
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (M.A.Tz.); (D.K.G.); (M.G.K.); (N.V.P.); (N.P.K.); (P.A.A.)
| | - Michael G. Kallitsakis
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (M.A.Tz.); (D.K.G.); (M.G.K.); (N.V.P.); (N.P.K.); (P.A.A.)
| | - Nikolaos V. Pliatsios
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (M.A.Tz.); (D.K.G.); (M.G.K.); (N.V.P.); (N.P.K.); (P.A.A.)
| | - Natasa P. Kalogiouri
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (M.A.Tz.); (D.K.G.); (M.G.K.); (N.V.P.); (N.P.K.); (P.A.A.)
| | - Panagiotis A. Angaridis
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (M.A.Tz.); (D.K.G.); (M.G.K.); (N.V.P.); (N.P.K.); (P.A.A.)
| | - Ioannis N. Lykakis
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (M.A.Tz.); (D.K.G.); (M.G.K.); (N.V.P.); (N.P.K.); (P.A.A.)
| | - Michael A. Terzidis
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, Sindos Campus, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
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138
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On the Synergism of Biogenic Gold Nanoparticles and Hydroxyaluminum Phthalocyanines in the Photoeradication of Staphylococcus aureus. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237378. [PMID: 34885959 PMCID: PMC8658972 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the unusual properties of gold nanoparticles, these structures are widely used in medicine and biology. This paper describes for the first time the synthesis of colloidal gold nanoparticles by the cell-free filtrate obtained from the Coriolus versicolor biomass and the use of these biogenic nanostructures to increase the photosensitizing efficiency of di- (AlPcS2) and tetrasulfonated (AlPcS4) hydroxyaluminum phthalocyanines in antibacterial photodynamic therapy. The obtained monodisperse particles were extremely stable, and this remarkable stability was due to the presence of phosphoprotein as a capping agent. The studied gold nanoparticles had a spherical shape, were uniformly distributed, and were characterized by a single plasmon band at wavelength of 514-517 nm. Almost 60% of the gold particles were found to be in the range of 13 to 15 nm. In accordance with the regulations of the American Microbiological Society, indicating that any antimicrobial technique must kill at least 3 log CFU (99.9%) to be accepted as "antimicrobial", this mortality of Staphylococcus aureus was shown to be achieved in the presence of AlPcS4 + AuNPs mixture and 4.8 J cm-2 light dose compared to AlPcS4 alone, which required a light dose of 24 J cm-2. The best effect of increasing the effectiveness of combating this pathogen was observed in the case of AlPcS2 + AuNPs as a photosensitizing mixture. The light dose of 24 J cm-2 caused a lethal effect of the studied coccus in the planktonic culture.
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139
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140
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Gerkowicz A, Szczepanik-Kułak P, Krasowska D. Photodynamic Therapy in the Treatment of Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus: A Systematic Review of the Literature. J Clin Med 2021; 10:5491. [PMID: 34884193 PMCID: PMC8658411 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10235491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS) is a chronic inflammatory disease involving the genital skin and mucous membrane. Patients exhibit focal atrophy and destructive scarring, with an increased risk of malignant transformation. Due to objective symptoms as well as subjective complaints, patients with VLS experience emotional distress, lowered mood, and sexual dysfunction, which is reflected in impaired health-related quality of life. Thus, the necessity of implementing appropriate therapy at the earliest possible stage of the disease in order to avoid serious complications is highlighted. We presented the systematic review of available literature, performed with MEDLINE, Cinahl, Central, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. We identified a total of twenty relevant studies which indicate that photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a valuable therapeutic modality in the treatment of VLS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paulina Szczepanik-Kułak
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Paediatric Dermatology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (A.G.); (D.K.)
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141
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Pevna V, Wagnières G, Huntosova V. Autophagy and Apoptosis Induced in U87 MG Glioblastoma Cells by Hypericin-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy Can Be Photobiomodulated with 808 nm Light. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111703. [PMID: 34829932 PMCID: PMC8615841 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is one of the most aggressive types of tumors. Although few treatment options are currently available, new modalities are needed to improve prognosis. In this context, photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising adjuvant treatment modality. In the present work, hypericin-mediated PDT (hypericin-PDT, 2 J/cm2) of U87 MG cells is combined with (2 min, 15 mW/cm2 at 808 nm) photobiomodulation (PBM). We observed that PBM stimulates autophagy, which, in combination with PDT, increases the treatment efficacy and leads to apoptosis. Confocal fluorescence microscopy, cytotoxicity assays and Western blot were used to monitor apoptotic and autophagic processes in these cells. Destabilization of lysosomes, mitochondria and the Golgi apparatus led to an increase in lactate dehydrogenase activity, oxidative stress levels, LC3-II, and caspase-3, as well as a decrease of the PKCα and STAT3 protein levels in response to hypericin-PDT subcellular concentration in U87 MG cells. Our results indicate that therapeutic hypericin concentrations can be reduced when PDT is combined with PBM. This will likely allow to reduce the damage induced in surrounding healthy tissues when PBM-hypericin-PDT is used for in vivo tumor treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Pevna
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Faculty of Science, P.J. Safarik University in Kosice, Jesenna 5, 041 54 Kosice, Slovakia;
| | - Georges Wagnières
- Laboratory for Functional and Metabolic Imaging, Institute of Physics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, Building CH, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Veronika Huntosova
- Center for Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Technology and Innovation Park, P.J. Safarik University in Kosice, Jesenna 5, 041 54 Kosice, Slovakia
- Correspondence:
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142
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Didamson OC, Abrahamse H. Targeted Photodynamic Diagnosis and Therapy for Esophageal Cancer: Potential Role of Functionalized Nanomedicine. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1943. [PMID: 34834358 PMCID: PMC8625244 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is often diagnosed at the late stage when cancer has already spread and is characterized by a poor prognosis. Therefore, early diagnosis is vital for a better and efficient treatment outcome. Upper endoscopy with biopsy is the standard diagnostic tool for esophageal cancer but is challenging to diagnose at its premalignant stage, while conventional treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy, and irradiation therapy, are challenging to eliminate the tumor. Photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) and therapy (PDT) modalities that employ photosensitizers (PSs) are emerging diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for esophageal cancer. However, some flaws associated with the classic PSs have limited their clinical applications. Functionalized nanomedicine has emerged as a potential drug delivery system to enhance PS drug biodistribution and cellular internalization. The conjugation of PSs with functionalized nanomedicine enables increased localization within esophageal cancer cells due to improved solubility and stability in blood circulation. This review highlights PS drugs used for PDD and PDT for esophageal cancer. In addition, it focuses on the various functionalized nanomedicine explored for esophageal cancer and their role in targeted PDD and PDT for diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa;
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143
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Double-PEGylated Cyclopeptidic Photosensitizer Prodrug Improves Drug Uptake from In Vitro to Hen's Egg Chorioallantoic Membrane Model. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206241. [PMID: 34684822 PMCID: PMC8540087 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclopeptidic photosensitizer prodrugs (cPPPs) are compounds designed to specifically target overexpressed hydrolases such as serine proteases, resulting in their specific activation in close proximity to tumor cells. In this study, we explored a series of conjugates that can be selectively activated by the urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA). They differ from each other by their pheophorbide a (Pha) loading, their number of PEG chains and the eventual presence of black hole quenchers (BHQ3). The involvement of a peptidic linker between the drugs and the cyclopeptidic carrier allows specific cleavage by uPA. Restoration of the photophysical activity was observed in vitro on A549 lung and MCF7 breast cancer cells that exhibited an increase in red fluorescence emission up to 5.1-fold and 7.8-fold, respectively for uPA-cPPQ2+2/5. While these cPPP conjugates do not show dark toxicity, they revealed their phototoxic potential in both cell lines at 5 µM of Phaeq and a blue light fluence of 12.7 J/cm2 that resulted in complete cell death with almost all conjugates. This suggests, in addition to the promising use for cancer diagnosis, a use as a PDT agent. Intravenous injection of tetrasubstituted conjugates in fertilized hen eggs bearing a lung cancer nodule (A549) showed that a double PEGylation was favorable for the selective accumulation of the unquenched Pha moieties in the tumor nodules. Indeed, the diPEGylated uPA-cPPP4/52 induced a 5.2-fold increase in fluorescence, while the monoPEGylated uPA-cPPP4/5 or uPA-cPPQ2+2/5 led to a 0.4-fold increase only.
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144
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Simelane NWN, Kruger CA, Abrahamse H. Targeted Nanoparticle Photodynamic Diagnosis and Therapy of Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9779. [PMID: 34575942 PMCID: PMC8466279 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is an aggressive cancer that remains a challenge to diagnose and treat. Photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) and therapy (PDT) are novel alternative techniques, which can enhance early diagnosis, as well as elicit tumor cell death. This is accomplished through photosensitizer (PS) mediated fluorescence and cytotoxic reactive oxygen species activation upon laser light irradiation excitation at specific low and high range wavelengths, respectively. However, the lack of PS target tumor tissue specificity often hampers these techniques. This study successfully fabricated a bioactive nanoconjugate, ZnPcS4-AuNP-S-PEG5000-NH2-Anti-GCC mAb (BNC), based upon a polyethylene glycol-gold nanoparticle, which was multi-functionalized with a fluorescent PDT metalated zinc phthalocyanine PS, and specific anti-GCC targeting antibodies, to overcome CRC PDD and PDT challenges. The BNC was found to be stable and showed selectively improved subcellular accumulation within targeted CRC for improved PDD and PDT outcomes in comparison to healthy in vitro cultured cells. Additionally, the BNC reported significantly higher late apoptotic PDT-induced CRC cell death rates (34% ***) when compared to PDT PS administration alone (15% *). These results indicated that the improved PDD and PDT outcomes were due to the specific PS accumulation in CRC cells through nanoparticle carriage and bioactive anti-GCC targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cherie Ann Kruger
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa; (N.W.N.S.); (H.A.)
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145
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Algorri JF, Ochoa M, Roldán-Varona P, Rodríguez-Cobo L, López-Higuera JM. Photodynamic Therapy: A Compendium of Latest Reviews. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4447. [PMID: 34503255 PMCID: PMC8430498 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising therapy against cancer. Even though it has been investigated for more than 100 years, scientific publications have grown exponentially in the last two decades. For this reason, we present a brief compendium of reviews of the last two decades classified under different topics, namely, overviews, reviews about specific cancers, and meta-analyses of photosensitisers, PDT mechanisms, dosimetry, and light sources. The key issues and main conclusions are summarized, including ways and means to improve therapy and outcomes. Due to the broad scope of this work and it being the first time that a compendium of the latest reviews has been performed for PDT, it may be of interest to a wide audience.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Francisco Algorri
- Photonics Engineering Group, University of Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain; (M.O.); (P.R.-V.); (J.M.L.-H.)
- CIBER-bbn, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Mario Ochoa
- Photonics Engineering Group, University of Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain; (M.O.); (P.R.-V.); (J.M.L.-H.)
- CIBER-bbn, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Pablo Roldán-Varona
- Photonics Engineering Group, University of Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain; (M.O.); (P.R.-V.); (J.M.L.-H.)
- CIBER-bbn, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain
| | | | - José Miguel López-Higuera
- Photonics Engineering Group, University of Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain; (M.O.); (P.R.-V.); (J.M.L.-H.)
- CIBER-bbn, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain
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