101
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De Long NE, Barry EJ, Pinelli C, Wood GA, Hardy DB, Morrison KM, Taylor VH, Gerstein HC, Holloway AC. Antenatal exposure to the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine leads to postnatal metabolic and endocrine changes associated with type 2 diabetes in Wistar rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 285:32-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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102
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Lopez‐Esparza S, Berumen LC, Padilla K, Miledi R, García‐Alcocer G. Expression of hippocampal serotonin receptors 5‐HT
2C
and 5‐HT
5A
in a rat model of diet‐induced obesity supplemented with tryptophan. Int J Dev Neurosci 2015; 42:80-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2015.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sarahi Lopez‐Esparza
- Facultad de QuímicaUniversidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Centro UniversitarioQuerétaro76010Mexico
| | - Laura C. Berumen
- Facultad de QuímicaUniversidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Centro UniversitarioQuerétaro76010Mexico
| | - Karla Padilla
- Facultad de QuímicaUniversidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Centro UniversitarioQuerétaro76010Mexico
| | - Ricardo Miledi
- Instituto de NeurobiologíaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCampus JuriquillaQuerétaro76230Mexico
- Department of Neurobiology and BehaviorUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCA92697‐4550USA
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103
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Varlamov O, Kievit P, Phu K, Reddy AP, Roberts CT, Bethea CL. Preliminary Examination of Olanzapine and Diet Interactions On Metabolism in a Female Macaque. JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND DIABETES 2015; 1. [PMID: 25621305 DOI: 10.15226/2374-6890/1/2/00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Clinical data suggest that atypical antipsychotics such as olanzapine (OLZ) induce significant metabolic changes that are serious side effects of their primary use. Since controlled human studies are problematic and rodent data may be poorly translatable, we have initiated development of a macaque model of OLZ-induced metabolic disease. In this preliminary feasibility study, we examined some metabolic effects of OLZ in a female macaque in the context of a standard low-calorie/fat monkey chow diet followed by a high-fat/sugar Western-style diet (WSD). A female Japanese macaque was administered OLZ (1.25 mg/day) for 6 months, with dietary changes at 2-month intervals as follows: OLZ+Restricted chow, OLZ+Unrestricted chow, OLZ+WSD, and placebo+WSD. Weight was assessed weekly. Glucose tolerance tests (GTT) and Dexascans were performed at baseline and every 2 months. Omental (OM) and subcutaneous (SQ) adipose tissue biopsies were obtained at baseline, after OLZ+Unrestricted chow and after OLZ+WSD to evaluate adipocyte size, lipolysis and insulin-stimulated free fatty acid uptake (FFA). A separate trial was conducted on 2 monkeys with 5 days of OLZ- or no-treatment followed by RT-PCR on rostral and medial basal hypothalamus. Weight increased on OLZ+Restricted chow and stabilized on OLZ+Unrestricted chow. OLZ+WSD did not significantly change the weight plateau. Weight declined upon withdrawal of OLZ with continued WSD. Body fat increased from 14% at baseline to 22%, 30%, 28% and 19% at 2, 4, 6 and 8 mo, respectively, indicating that body fat was elevated on OLZ regardless of diet and declined upon OLZ removal. Glucose tolerance and the insulin response during GTT were normal with OLZ+Restricted chow or OLZ+Unrestricted chow. Addition of WSD with OLZ impaired glucose clearance during GTT. Insulin remained in the normal range, but first phase insulin secretion was reduced. After removal of OLZ, but continued WSD, glucose clearance returned to normal, but this was associated with hyperinsulinemia. Adipocyte diameter was increased in OM and SQ fat by OLZ+chow and OLZ+WSD to a similar extent. (p<0.01, 2-way ANOVA). In OM, isoproterenol-stimulated lipolysis occurred at baseline. In both depots, isoproterenol-stimulated lipolysis occurred with OLZ+chow, but it was significantly blunted by addition of WSD (ANOVA p<0.0001; posthoc p<0.05). Insulin increased FFA uptake at baseline. OLZ +chow or OLZ+WSD increased basal FFA uptake and insulin-induced FFA uptake was blunted in both depots (posthoc p<0.05). There was a marked decrease in POMC gene expression, and increased AgRP and NPY expression in the hypothalamus. There was also a clear increase in serotonin (5HT) 2C, melanocortin (MCR4), and Leptin (LepR) receptor gene expression. These data support the hypotheses that OLZ acts on peripheral tissues as well as in the CNS; that changes in hypothalamic gene expression occur very rapidly and precede increased fat accumulation; that adipose tissue exhibits insulin resistance prior to alterations in GTT; that addition of WSD to OLZ precipitates hyperglycemia without an obvious insulin response; and that removal of OLZ and continued WSD resulted in normalized glucose clearance and elevated insulin. These data suggest complex and early responses to OLZ that may be exacerbated by WSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Varlamov
- Divisions of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR 97006 ; Division of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR 97006
| | - Paul Kievit
- Division of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR 97006
| | - Kenny Phu
- Divisions of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR 97006
| | - Arubala P Reddy
- Divisions of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR 97006
| | - Charles T Roberts
- Divisions of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR 97006 ; Division of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR 97006
| | - Cynthia L Bethea
- Divisions of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR 97006 ; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97201
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104
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Voigt JP, Fink H. Serotonin controlling feeding and satiety. Behav Brain Res 2015; 277:14-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.08.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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105
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Scott MM, Xu Y, Elias CF, Williams KW. Central regulation of food intake, body weight, energy expenditure, and glucose homeostasis. Front Neurosci 2014; 8:384. [PMID: 25520610 PMCID: PMC4253741 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2014.00384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael M Scott
- Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine Houston, TX, USA
| | - Carol F Elias
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Obstetrics, and Gynecology, The University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kevin W Williams
- Division of Hypothalamic Research, Departments of Internal Medicine and Neuroscience, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas, TX, USA
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106
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la Fleur SE, Serlie MJ. The interaction between nutrition and the brain and its consequences for body weight gain and metabolism; studies in rodents and men. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 28:649-59. [PMID: 25256761 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant feeding behavior can lead to obesity and obesity-related medical consequences, such as insulin resistance and diabetes. Although alterations in glucose metabolism (i.e. insulin resistance), in the presence of excessive fat tissue are often explained by the consequences of dysfunctional adipose tissue, evidence is emerging that also altered brain functions might be an important determinant of insulin resistance. In this review, we provide an overview of how feeding behavior and obesity interact with brain circuitry and how these interactions affect glucose metabolism. Because brain circuitries involved in food intake have been shown to partly control glucose metabolism as well, targeting these circuitries in obese subjects might not only affect food intake and body weight but also glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne E la Fleur
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreeg 9, F2-154, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Mireille J Serlie
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreeg 9, F2-154, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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107
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Phi-van L, Holtz M, Kjaer JB, van Phi VD, Zimmermann K. A functional variant in the 5'-flanking region of the chicken serotonin transporter gene is associated with increased body weight and locomotor activity. J Neurochem 2014; 131:12-20. [PMID: 24947945 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we identified a polymorphism in the 5'-flanking region of the chicken serotonin transporter (5-HTT) gene. Sequencing analysis revealed that in comparison with the wild-type variant (W), a deleted variant (D) is generated by deletion of four nucleotides (5'-AATT-3') and a single nucleotide change (A→T). Using a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis system, we found that the 360-bp DNA fragment containing the W variant with the wild-type sequence 5'-AATTAATT-3' shows intrinsic DNA curvature while the 356-bp fragment containing the D variant lacking the four base pairs AATT is not curved. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR and ELISA demonstrated that the expression of 5-HTT in D/D chickens was higher than that in W/W and W/D chickens. In addition, transient transfection experiments with chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene constructs revealed increased 5-HTT promoter activity mediated by the D variant and a silencer activity of the W variant. Interestingly, females and males with D/D genotype showed significant greater increase in body weight from 6 weeks and 16 weeks of age, respectively, and higher body mass index. Moreover, we found that D/D chickens of both genders were physically more active than W/W and W/D chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loc Phi-van
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Institute of Animal Welfare and Animal Husbandry, Celle, Germany
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108
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Abstract
In numerous pathological states, the brain can restrict food intake to a lethal level despite mounting requirements for energy as seen in adolescents with anorexia nervosa. How the brain reduces food intake to the point of death while eating is a cornerstone of survival that remains just as ‘cryptic’ as the association between anorexia and overeating. This review provides a recent snapshot of the neural underpinnings of the rewarding effects of anorexia that may compete with the adaptive decision-making process to eat, and with survival instinct. Among a plethora of factors, impaired activity of the serotonin receptors in the reward system underlies the ability of animals to self-impose food restriction, and the transition from under- to over-eating. However, the triumvirate association between serotonin, overeating and addiction appears unlikely. Considering the implication of the serotonin receptors in the hypothalamus, anorexia and bulimia nervosa could result from an impairment of a ‘synchronic activity’ between the autonomic and voluntary nervous systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Compan
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UnitéMixte de Recherche-5203, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Montpellier, F-34094, France and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U661, Montpellier, F-34094, France and Universités de Montpellier 1 & 2, UMR-5203, Montpellier, F-34094, France and Université de Nîmes, Nîmes, F-30000, France
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109
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Yildirim BO, Derksen JJ. Systematic review, structural analysis, and new theoretical perspectives on the role of serotonin and associated genes in the etiology of psychopathy and sociopathy. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2013; 37:1254-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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