101
|
Lauhio A, Hästbacka J, Pettilä V, Tervahartiala T, Karlsson S, Varpula T, Varpula M, Ruokonen E, Sorsa T, Kolho E. Serum MMP-8, -9 and TIMP-1 in sepsis: high serum levels of MMP-8 and TIMP-1 are associated with fatal outcome in a multicentre, prospective cohort study. Hypothetical impact of tetracyclines. Pharmacol Res 2011; 64:590-4. [PMID: 21742038 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2011.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their endogenous inhibitors are involved in the pathogenesis of sepsis. We studied serum levels of MMP-8, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 (tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1) in a multicentre, prospective cohort study of patients with sepsis treated in Intensive Care Units (ICUs). We analyzed serum samples taken on ICU admission from 248 critically ill sepsis patients. MMP-8, -9 and TIMP-1 serum levels were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Serum MMP-8, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 levels were significantly higher in patients with severe sepsis than in healthy controls. Serum MMP-8 levels among non-survivors (n=33) were significantly (p=0.006) higher than among survivors (n=215). Serum TIMP-1 but not MMP-9 levels were significantly higher among non-survivors than survivors (p<0.0001, p=0.079, respectively). Systemic MMP-8 is upregulated in sepsis suggesting that MMP-8 may contribute to the host response during sepsis. High serum MMP-8 and TIMP-1 levels at ICU admission were seen among patients with fatal outcome. With this background, clinical studies examining the ability of MMP-inhibitors (such as the non-antimicrobial properties of tetracyclines) to diminish the MMP-mediated inflammatory response are needed to develop novel therapies in order to improve the outcome of sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anneli Lauhio
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
102
|
Tominaga M, Tengara S, Kamo A, Ogawa H, Takamori K. Matrix metalloproteinase-8 is involved in dermal nerve growth: implications for possible application to pruritus from in vitro models. J Invest Dermatol 2011; 131:2105-12. [PMID: 21697883 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2011.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous nerve density is related to abnormal itch perception in dermatoses, such as atopic dermatitis and xerosis. However, the mechanisms underlying the elongation of dermal nerve fibers within the interstitial collagen (CoL) matrix are poorly understood. In this study, a culture system of rat dorsal root ganglion neurons consisting of type I CoL and a Boyden chamber containing a nerve growth factor (NGF) concentration gradient was used. Nerve fibers penetrating into type I CoL gel were observed in the presence of the NGF concentration gradient. Levels of matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) mRNA and protein were increased in the cultured neurons and the conditioned medium, respectively. The nerve fiber penetration was dose dependently inhibited by MMP-8 blockers. Moreover, MMP-8 immunoreactivity was partially localized at growth cones in NGF-responsive nerve fibers. Semaphorin 3A stimulation also showed the opposite effects on these NGF-dependent events. Intriguingly, MMP-8 expression was upregulated by type I and III CoLs, which are substrates for this enzyme. These results suggested that MMP-8 is involved in sensory nerve growth within the interstitial CoL matrix through modulation by the axonal guidance molecules and/or extracellular matrix components. These findings provide insight into the development of pruritus involving skin nerve density.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsutoshi Tominaga
- Institute for Environmental and Gender Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
103
|
Hsieh CH, Liu CY, Hsieh YJ, Tai HC, Wang LY, Tsai TH, Chen YJ. Matrix metalloproteinase-8 mediates the unfavorable systemic impact of local irradiation on pharmacokinetics of anti-cancer drug 5-Fluorouracil. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21000. [PMID: 21695264 PMCID: PMC3111455 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2010] [Accepted: 05/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Concurrent chemoradiation with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is widely accepted for cancer treatment. However, the interactions between radiation and 5-FU remain unclear. Here, we evaluated the influence of local irradiation on the pharmacokinetics of 5-FU in rats. The single-fraction radiation was delivered to the whole pelvic fields of Sprague-Dawley rats after computerized tomography-based planning. 5-FU at 100 mg/kg was prescribed 24 hours after radiation. A high-performance liquid chromatography system was used to measure 5-FU in the blood. Matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) inhibitor I was administered to examine whether or not RT modulation of 5-FU pharmacokinetic parameters could be blocked. Compared with sham-irradiated controls, whole pelvic irradiation reduced the area under the concentration versus time curve (AUC) of 5-FU in plasma and, in contrast, increased in bile with a radiation dose-dependent manner. Based on protein array analysis, the amount of plasma MMP-8 was increased by whole pelvic irradiation (2.8-fold by 0.5 Gy and 5.3-fold by 2 Gy) in comparison with controls. Pretreatment with MMP-8 inhibitor reversed the effect of irradiation on AUC of 5-FU in plasma. Our findings first indicate that local irradiation modulate the systemic pharmacokinetics of 5-FU through stimulating the release of MMP-8. The pharmacokinetics of 5-FU during concurrent chemoradiaiton therapy should be rechecked and the optimal 5-FU dose should be reevaluated, and adjusted if necessary, during CCRT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Hsi Hsieh
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yuan Liu
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Division Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ju Hsieh
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chi Tai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ying Wang
- School and Graduate Institute of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Hu Tsai
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jen Chen
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
104
|
Tressel SL, Kaneider NC, Kasuda S, Foley C, Koukos G, Austin K, Agarwal A, Covic L, Opal SM, Kuliopulos A. A matrix metalloprotease-PAR1 system regulates vascular integrity, systemic inflammation and death in sepsis. EMBO Mol Med 2011; 3:370-84. [PMID: 21591259 PMCID: PMC3394510 DOI: 10.1002/emmm.201100145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Revised: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a deadly disease characterized by the inability to regulate the inflammatory–coagulation response in which the endothelium plays a key role. The cause of this perturbation remains poorly understood and has hampered the development of effective therapeutics. Matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) are involved in the host response to pathogens, but can also cause uncontrolled tissue damage and contribute to mortality. We found that human sepsis patients had markedly elevated plasma proMMP-1 and active MMP-1 levels, which correlated with death at 7 and 28 days after diagnosis. Likewise, septic mice had increased plasma levels of the MMP-1 ortholog, MMP-1a. We identified mouse MMP-1a as an agonist of protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR1) on endothelial cells. MMP-1a was released from endothelial cells in septic mice. Blockade of MMP-1 activity suppressed endothelial barrier disruption, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), lung vascular permeability as well as the cytokine storm and improved survival, which was lost in PAR1-deficient mice. Infusion of human MMP-1 increased lung vascular permeability in normal wild-type mice but not in PAR1-deficient mice. These findings implicate MMP-1 as an important activator of PAR1 in sepsis and suggest that therapeutics that target MMP1-PAR1 may prove beneficial in the treatment of sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Tressel
- Hemostasis and Thrombosis Laboratory, Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
105
|
Mundi Burgos V, Dezerega Piwonka A, Osorio Alfaro C, Dutzan Muñoz N, Franco Martínez M, Ortega Pinto A, Hernández Ríos M. Inmunodetección de metaloproteinasas de matriz extracelular (MMPs)-2, -9, -13 y -14 en lesiones apicales asociadas con periodontitis apical asintomática. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0718-5391(11)70060-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
106
|
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a group of structurally related proteolytic enzymes containing a zinc ion in the active site. They are secreted from cells or bound to the plasma membrane and hydrolyze extracellular matrix (ECM) and cell surface-bound molecules. They therefore play key roles in morphogenesis, wound healing, tissue repair and remodeling in diseases such as cancer and arthritis. Although the cell anchored membrane-type MMPs (MT-MMPs) function pericellularly, the secreted MMPs have been considered to act within the ECM, away from the cells from which they are synthesized. However, recent studies have shown that secreted MMPs bind to specific cell surface receptors, membrane-anchored proteins or cell-associated ECM molecules and function pericellularly at focussed locations. This minireview describes examples of cell surface and pericellular partners of MMPs, as well as how they alter enzyme function and cellular behaviour.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Murphy
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
107
|
Edsparr K, Basse PH, Goldfarb RH, Albertsson P. Matrix metalloproteinases in cytotoxic lymphocytes impact on tumour infiltration and immunomodulation. CANCER MICROENVIRONMENT 2010; 4:351-60. [PMID: 22161319 PMCID: PMC3234320 DOI: 10.1007/s12307-010-0057-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2010] [Accepted: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
To efficiently combat solid tumours, endogenously or adoptively transferred cytotoxic T cells and natural killer (NK) cells, need to leave the vasculature, traverse the interstitium and ultimately infiltrate the tumour mass. During this locomotion and migration in the three dimensional environment many obstacles need to be overcome, one of which is the possible impediment of the extracellular matrix. The first and obvious one is the sub-endothelial basement membrane but the infiltrating cells will also meet other, both loose and tight, matrix structures that need to be overridden. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are believed to be one of the most important endoprotease families, with more than 25 members, which together have function on all known matrix components. This review summarizes what is known on synthesis, expression patterns and regulation of MMPs in cytotoxic lymphocytes and their possible role in the process of tumour infiltration. We also discuss different functions of MMPs as well as the possible use of other lymphocyte proteases for matrix degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karin Edsparr
- Department of Oncology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, SE-413 45, Göteborg, Sweden
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
108
|
Hernández M, Gamonal J, Tervahartiala T, Mäntylä P, Rivera O, Dezerega A, Dutzan N, Sorsa T. Associations Between Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 and -14 and Myeloperoxidase in Gingival Crevicular Fluid From Subjects With Progressive Chronic Periodontitis: A Longitudinal Study. J Periodontol 2010; 81:1644-52. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2010.100196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
109
|
Grommes J, Soehnlein O. Contribution of neutrophils to acute lung injury. Mol Med 2010; 17:293-307. [PMID: 21046059 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2010.00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 961] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2010] [Accepted: 10/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of acute lung injury (ALI) and its most severe form, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), remain unsolved problems of intensive care medicine. ALI/ARDS are characterized by lung edema due to increased permeability of the alveolar-capillary barrier and subsequent impairment of arterial oxygenation. Lung edema, endothelial and epithelial injury are accompanied by an influx of neutrophils into the interstitium and broncheoalveolar space. Hence, activation and recruitment of neutrophils are regarded to play a key role in progression of ALI/ARDS. Neutrophils are the first cells to be recruited to the site of inflammation and have a potent antimicrobial armour that includes oxidants, proteinases and cationic peptides. Under pathological circumstances, however, unregulated release of these microbicidal compounds into the extracellular space paradoxically can damage host tissues. This review focuses on the mechanisms of neutrophil recruitment into the lung and on the contribution of neutrophils to tissue damage in ALI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Grommes
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
110
|
Kandalam V, Basu R, Abraham T, Wang X, Awad A, Wang W, Lopaschuk GD, Maeda N, Oudit GY, Kassiri Z. Early activation of matrix metalloproteinases underlies the exacerbated systolic and diastolic dysfunction in mice lacking TIMP3 following myocardial infarction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2010; 299:H1012-23. [PMID: 20675565 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00246.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling is a critical aspect of cardiac remodeling following myocardial infarction. Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are physiological inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) that degrade the ECM proteins. TIMP3 is highly expressed in the heart, and is markedly downregulated in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy. We therefore examined the time- and region-dependent role of TIMP3 in the cardiac response to myocardial infarction (MI). TIMP3(-/-) and wild-type (WT) mice were subjected to MI by ligation of the left anterior descending artery. TIMP3(-/-)-MI mice exhibited a significantly compromised rate of survival compared with WT-MI mice, primarily due to increased left ventricular (LV) rupture, greater infarct expansion, exacerbated LV dilation, and greater systolic and diastolic dysfunction. Second harmonic generation imaging of unfixed and unstained hearts revealed greater collagen disarray and reduced density in the TIMP3(-/-) infarct myocardium compared with the WT group. Gelatinolytic and collagenolytic activities increased in TIMP3(-/-) compared with WT hearts at 1 day post-MI but not at 3 days or 1 wk post-MI. Neutrophil infiltration and inflammatory MMPs were significantly increased in the infarct and peri-infarct regions of TIMP3(-/-)-MI hearts. Treatment of TIMP3(-/-) mice with a broad-spectrum MMP inhibitor (PD-166793) for 2 days before and 2 days after MI markedly improved post-MI infarct expansion, LV rupture incident, LV dilation, and systolic dysfunction in these mice up to 1 wk post-MI. Our data demonstrate that the initial rise in proteolytic activities early post-MI is a triggering factor for subsequent LV adverse remodeling, LV rupture, and dilated cardiomyopathy. Hence, timing of treatments to improve cardiac response to MI may be critical in producing favorable outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kandalam
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
111
|
Vempati P, Mac Gabhann F, Popel AS. Quantifying the proteolytic release of extracellular matrix-sequestered VEGF with a computational model. PLoS One 2010; 5:e11860. [PMID: 20686621 PMCID: PMC2912330 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2010] [Accepted: 06/23/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background VEGF proteolysis by plasmin or matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) is believed to play an important role in regulating vascular patterning in vivo by releasing VEGF from the extracellular matrix (ECM). However, a quantitative understanding of the kinetics of VEGF cleavage and the efficiency of cell-mediated VEGF release is currently lacking. To address these uncertainties, we develop a molecular-detailed quantitative model of VEGF proteolysis, used here in the context of an endothelial sprout. Methodology and Findings To study a cell's ability to cleave VEGF, the model captures MMP secretion, VEGF-ECM binding, VEGF proteolysis from VEGF165 to VEGF114 (the expected MMP cleavage product of VEGF165) and VEGF receptor-mediated recapture. Using experimental data, we estimated the effective bimolecular rate constant of VEGF165 cleavage by plasmin to be 328 M−1s−1 at 25°C, which is relatively slow compared to typical MMP-ECM proteolysis reactions. While previous studies have implicated cellular proteolysis in growth factor processing, we show that single cells do not individually have the capacity to cleave VEGF to any appreciable extent (less than 0.1% conversion). In addition, we find that a tip cell's receptor system will not efficiently recapture the cleaved VEGF due to an inability of cleaved VEGF to associate with Neuropilin-1. Conclusions Overall, VEGF165 cleavage in vivo is likely to be mediated by the combined effect of numerous cells, instead of behaving in a single-cell-directed, autocrine manner. We show that heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) potentiate VEGF cleavage by increasing the VEGF clearance time in tissues. In addition, we find that the VEGF-HSPG complex is more sensitive to proteases than is soluble VEGF, which may imply its potential relevance in receptor signaling. Finally, according to our calculations, experimentally measured soluble protease levels are approximately two orders of magnitude lower than that needed to reconcile levels of VEGF cleavage seen in pathological situations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Vempati
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
112
|
Emingil G, Afacan B, Tervahartiala T, Töz H, Atilla G, Sorsa T. GCF and serum myeloperoxidase and matrix metalloproteinase-13 levels in renal transplant patients. Arch Oral Biol 2010; 55:719-27. [PMID: 20637451 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2010.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2010] [Revised: 06/04/2010] [Accepted: 06/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM The rationale of this study was to address whether local or systemic changes reflect proteolytic (matrix metalloproteinase-13) or oxidative (myeloperoxidase) stress in renal transplant patients receiving cyclosporine-A (CsA) and having gingival overgrowth (GO), in patients receiving CsA therapy and having no GO and patients receiving tacrolimus therapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were collected from sites with (GO+) and without GO (GO-) in CsA patients having GO; GO- sites in CsA patients having no GO; sites from tacrolimus, gingivitis and healthy subjects. GCF and serum myeloperoxidase (MPO) and matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) levels were determined by ELISA. RESULTS GO+ sites in CsA patients having GO had elevated GCF MPO levels than those of CsA patients having no GO, tacrolimus and healthy subjects (p<0.005), but comparable to those of gingivitis. GCF MPO levels were higher in GO+ compared to GO- sites in CsA patients having GO (p<0.05). Patient groups had similar, but higher GCF MMP-13 levels than healthy group. CONCLUSIONS These results show that CsA and tacrolimus therapy have not a significant effect on GCF MPO and MMP-13 levels, and gingival inflammation seems to be the main reason for their elevations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gülnur Emingil
- Ege University, School of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Turkey.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
113
|
Sabeh F, Fox D, Weiss SJ. Membrane-type I matrix metalloproteinase-dependent regulation of rheumatoid arthritis synoviocyte function. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 184:6396-406. [PMID: 20483788 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0904068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In rheumatoid arthritis, the coordinated expansion of the synoviocyte mass is coupled with a pathologic angiogenic response that leads to the destructive remodeling of articular as well as surrounding connective tissues. Although rheumatoid synoviocytes express a multiplicity of proteolytic enzymes, the primary effectors of cartilage, ligament, and tendon damage remain undefined. Herein, we demonstrate that human rheumatoid synoviocytes mobilize the membrane-anchored matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), membrane-type I MMP (MT1-MMP), to dissolve and invade type I and type II collagen-rich tissues. Though rheumatoid synoviocytes also express a series of secreted collagenases, these proteinases are ineffective in mediating collagenolytic activity in the presence of physiologic concentrations of plasma- or synovial fluid-derived antiproteinases. Furthermore, MT1-MMP not only directs the tissue-destructive properties of rheumatoid synoviocytes but also controls synoviocyte-initiated angiogenic responses in vivo. Together, these findings identify MT1-MMP as a master regulator of the pathologic extracellular matrix remodeling that characterizes rheumatoid arthritis as well as the coupled angiogenic response that maintains the aggressive phenotype of the advancing pannus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farideh Sabeh
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
114
|
Sallenave JM. Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor and elafin/trappin-2: versatile mucosal antimicrobials and regulators of immunity. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2010; 42:635-43. [PMID: 20395631 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2010-0095rt] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Elafin and secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) are pleiotropic molecules chiefly synthesized at the mucosal surface that have a fundamental role in the surveillance against microbial infections. Their initial discovery as anti-proteases present in the inflammatory milieu in chronic pathologies such as those of the lung suggested that they may play a role in keeping in check extracellular proteases released during the excessive activation of innate immune cells such as neutrophils. This soon proved to be a simplistic explanation, as other functions were also soon ascribed to these molecules (antimicrobial, modulation of innate and adaptive immunity, regulation of tissue repair). Data emanating from patients with chronic pathologies (in the lung and elsewhere) have shown that SLPI and elafin are often inactivated in inflammatory secretions, either through the action of host or microbial products, justifying attempts at antiprotease supplementation in clinical protocols. Although these have been sparse, proof of principle has been demonstrated, and future challenges will undoubtedly rest with improvements in methods of delivery in the context of tissue inflammation and in careful selection of patients more likely to benefit from SLPI/elafin augmentation.
Collapse
|
115
|
Gäddnäs FP, Sutinen MM, Koskela M, Tervahartiala T, Sorsa T, Salo TA, Laurila JJ, Koivukangas V, Ala-Kokko TI, Oikarinen A. Matrix-metalloproteinase-2, -8 and -9 in serum and skin blister fluid in patients with severe sepsis. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2010; 14:R49. [PMID: 20356362 PMCID: PMC2887163 DOI: 10.1186/cc8938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2009] [Revised: 01/26/2010] [Accepted: 03/31/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have various roles in inflammatory states. They seem to be able to modulate endothelial barriers and regulate the activity of chemokines and cytokines. The timely development of the levels during severe sepsis and thereafter have not been investigated. In addition it was of interest to study alterations of MMP-levels in intact skin, as the skin is the largest barrier against external pathogens and MMPs have not been studied at organ level in human sepsis. The aim of this study was to investigate the timely development of serum and skin MMP-2, -8 and -9 levels in human severe sepsis and their association with disease severity and mortality. Methods Forty-four patients with severe sepsis and fifteen healthy controls were included in this prospective longitudinal study. The amounts of MMP-2, -8 and -9 were analyzed from serum at days 1, 4, 6, 8, and 10, and from skin suction blister fluid at days 1 and 5 from the beginning of severe sepsis. Additionally, samples from the survivors were obtained after three and six months. Results The levels of MMP-2 and -8 were up-regulated in severe sepsis in comparison to healthy controls in skin blister fluid and serum. Compared to the controls MMP-9 levels were lower in sepsis from the fourth day on in serum and both the first and fifth day in skin blister fluid. Active forms of MMP-2 and -9 were present only in severe sepsis. The non-survivors had higher pro- and active MMP-2 levels than the survivors in skin blister fluid samples. Furthermore, MMP-2 levels were more pronounced in blister fluid and serum samples in patients with more severe organ failures. In the survivors at 3 and 6 month follow-up the MMP levels had returned to normal. Conclusions MMP-2 and -8 are elevated in serum and blister fluid in severe sepsis, implying that they may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of severe sepsis and organ dysfunctions. Active forms of MMP-2 and 9 were only present in patients with severe sepsis, and higher MMP-2 levels in skin blister and serum were associated with more severe organ dysfunctions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fiia P Gäddnäs
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Intensive Care, Oulu University Hospital, Kajaanintie 50, Oulu, Finland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
116
|
Harty MW, Muratore CS, Papa EF, Gart MS, Ramm GA, Gregory SH, Tracy TF. Neutrophil depletion blocks early collagen degradation in repairing cholestatic rat livers. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2010; 176:1271-81. [PMID: 20110408 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2010.090527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Biliary obstruction results in a well-characterized cholestatic inflammatory and fibrogenic process; however, the mechanisms and potential for liver repair remain unclear. We previously demonstrated that Kupffer cell depletion reduces polymorphonuclear cell (neutrophil) (PMN) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)8 levels in repairing liver. We therefore hypothesized that PMN-dependent MMP activity is essential for successful repair. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received reversible biliary obstruction for 7 days, and the rat PMN-specific antibody RP3 was administered 2 days before biliary decompression (repair) and continued daily until necropsy, when liver underwent morphometric analysis, immunohistochemistry, quantitative RT-PCR, and in situ zymography. We found that RP3 treatment did not reduce Kupffer cell or monocyte number but significantly reduced PMN number at the time of decompression and 2 days after repair. RP3 treatment also blocked resorption of type I collagen. In addition, biliary obstruction resulted in increased expression of MMP3, MMP8, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1. Two days after biliary decompression, both MMP3 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 expression declined toward sham levels, whereas MMP8 expression remained elevated and was identified in bile duct epithelial cells by immunohistochemistry. PMN depletion did not alter the hepatic expression of these genes. Conversely, collagen-based in situ zymography demonstrated markedly diminished collagenase activity following PMN depletion. We conclude that PMNs are essential for collagenase activity and collagen resorption during liver repair, and speculate that PMN-derived MMP8 or PMN-mediated activation of intrinsic hepatic MMPs are responsible for successful liver repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark W Harty
- Department of Surgery, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Hasbro Children's Hospital, Room 147, 593 Eddy Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
117
|
Piirilä P, Lauhio A, Majuri ML, Meuronen A, Myllärniemi M, Tervahartiala T, Vuorinen K, Laitinen A, Alenius H, Kinnula VL, Sorsa T. Matrix metalloproteinases-7, -8, -9 and TIMP-1 in the follow-up of diisocyanate-induced asthma. Allergy 2010; 65:61-8. [PMID: 19804449 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.02146.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diisocyanate-induced asthma (DIA) is known to be associated with poor prognosis. We wished to clarify if matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-7, -8 or -9 or tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMP-1) are associated with the functional or inflammatory outcome in DIA patients. METHODS This is a longitudinal study where 17 patients with DIA diagnosed by a specific challenge test to diisocyanates were monitored. Exposure to diisocyanates was terminated seven (mean) months before the challenge test. The studies included spirometry, histamine challenge test and bronchoscopy. MMP-7, MMP-8, TIMP-1 [Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)- and immunofluorometric assay-methods], MMP-9 (ELISA and zymography), interferon-gamma, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, -8, -15, -17, CXCL-5/ENA-78, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and macrophage inhibitory factor (MIF) (ELISA) were assayed from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. Inhaled steroid therapy was initiated after the examinations, which were repeated at 6 months and at 3 years during the treatment. The results were compared with those of 15 healthy controls. RESULTS Inhaled steroid medication increased BAL levels of MMP-9 and MMP-9/TIMP-1 and decreased MMP-7 and MMP-7/TIMP-1. The increase in MMP-9 levels was associated with a decline in the TH-2 type inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that reduced TH-2 type inflammation in DIA after inhaled steroid medication is reflected as elevated MMP-9 and MMP-9/TIMP-1 levels in BAL. MIF may be the inducer of MMP-9. This might point to some protective role for MMP-9 in DIA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Piirilä
- Laboratory of Clinical Physiology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
118
|
Quintero PA, Knolle MD, Cala LF, Zhuang Y, Owen CA. Matrix metalloproteinase-8 inactivates macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha to reduce acute lung inflammation and injury in mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 184:1575-88. [PMID: 20042585 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0900290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
To determine the role of matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) in acute lung injury (ALI), we delivered LPS or bleomycin by the intratracheal route to MMP-8(-/-) mice versus wild-type (WT) mice or subjected the mice to hyperoxia (95% O(2)) and measured lung inflammation and injury at intervals. MMP-8(-/-) mice with ALI had greater increases in lung polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) and macrophage counts, measures of alveolar capillary barrier injury, lung elastance, and mortality than WT mice with ALI. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from LPS-treated MMP-8(-/-) mice had more MIP-1alpha than BALF from LPS-treated WT mice, but similar levels of other pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators. MIP-1alpha(-/-) mice with ALI had less acute lung inflammation and injury than WT mice with ALI, confirming that MIP-1alpha promotes acute lung inflammation and injury in mice. Genetically deleting MIP-1alpha in MMP-8(-/-) mice reduced the increased lung inflammation and injury and mortality in MMP-8(-/-) mice with ALI. Soluble MMP-8 cleaved and inactivated MIP-1alpha in vitro, but membrane-bound MMP-8 on activated PMNs had greater MIP-1alpha-degrading activity than soluble MMP-8. High levels of membrane-bound MMP-8 were detected on lung PMNs from LPS-treated WT mice, but soluble, active MMP-8 was not detected in BALF samples. Thus, MMP-8 has novel roles in restraining lung inflammation and in limiting alveolar capillary barrier injury during ALI in mice by inactivating MIP-1alpha. In addition, membrane-bound MMP-8 on activated lung PMNs is likely to be the key bioactive form of the enzyme that limits lung inflammation and alveolar capillary barrier injury during ALI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo A Quintero
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
119
|
Pasternak B, Aspenberg P. Metalloproteinases and their inhibitors-diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities in orthopedics. Acta Orthop 2009; 80:693-703. [PMID: 19968600 PMCID: PMC2823312 DOI: 10.3109/17453670903448257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and related enzymes (ADAMs, ADAMTS) and their inhibitors control matrix turnover and function. Recent advances in our understanding of musculoskeletal conditions such as tendinopathy, arthritis, Dupuytren's disease, degenerative disc disease, and bone and soft tissue healing suggest that MMPs have prominant roles. Importantly, MMPs are amenable to inhibition by cheap, safe, and widely available drugs such as the tetracycline antibiotics and the bisphosphonates. This indicates that these MMP inhibitors, if proven effective for any novel indication, may be quickly brought into clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Per Aspenberg
- Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, IKE, Linköping University, Linköping
| |
Collapse
|
120
|
Khatwa UA, Kleibrink BE, Shapiro SD, Subramaniam M. MMP-8 promotes polymorphonuclear cell migration through collagen barriers in obliterative bronchiolitis. J Leukoc Biol 2009; 87:69-77. [PMID: 19801498 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0509361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased levels of MMP-8 (neutrophil collagenase) have been reported in OB, but the biological role of MMP-8 in OB is not known. MMP-8 is an interstitial collagenase highly expressed by polymorphonuclear leukocytes, which are prominent in early OB. Here, we show that MMP-8 promotes migration of PMNs through the collagen-rich matrix in a mouse heterotopic airway transplant model of OB. Overall, MMP-8(-/-) mice had significantly fewer PMNs in the airway lumen 2 and 14 days post-transplantation, and the percentage of PMNs traversing the matrix to the lumen was decreased markedly in the MMP-8(-/-) compared with WT mice at 14 days. There were significantly more PMNs outside of the lumen in the ECM in the MMP-8(-/-) mice compared with WT mice. In vitro, significantly fewer MMP-8(-/-) PMNs migrated through 3D cross-linked collagen gels than WT PMNs. MMP inhibitor GM6001 was also able to impede migration of WT PMNs through collagen gels. The decreased migration was likely a result of pericollagenase activity of MMP-8, as WT PMNs expressing MMP-8 were not able to migrate effectively through collagen that was resistant to the collagenase. Protection from OB was seen in the MMP-8(-/-) mice, as the airway lumen had significantly less obliteration and collagen deposition, suggesting that MMP-8 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of OB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Umakanth A Khatwa
- Department of Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston,Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
121
|
Matrix metalloproteinases as drug targets in infections caused by gram-negative bacteria and in septic shock. Clin Microbiol Rev 2009; 22:224-39, Table of Contents. [PMID: 19366913 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00047-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian immune system is optimized to cope effectively with the constant threat of pathogens. However, when the immune system overreacts, sepsis, severe sepsis, or septic shock can develop. Despite extensive research, these conditions remain the leading cause of death in intensive care units. The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) constitute a family of proteases that are expressed in developmental, physiological, and pathological processes and also in response to infections. Studies using MMP inhibitors and MMP knockout mice indicate that MMPs play essential roles in infection and in the host defense against infection. This review provides a brief introduction to some basic concepts of infections caused by gram-negative bacteria and reviews reports describing MMP expression and inhibition, as well as studies with MMP-deficient mice in models of infection caused by gram-negative bacteria and of septic shock. We discuss whether MMPs should be considered novel drug targets in infection and septic shock.
Collapse
|
122
|
Rahkonen L, Rutanen EM, Unkila-Kallio L, Nuutila M, Nieminen P, Sorsa T, Paavonen J. Factors affecting matrix metalloproteinase-8 levels in the vaginal and cervical fluids in the first and second trimester of pregnancy. Hum Reprod 2009; 24:2693-702. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dep284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
|
123
|
Korpi JT, Åström P, Lehtonen N, Tjäderhane L, Kallio-Pulkkinen S, Siponen M, Sorsa T, Pirilä E, Salo T. Healing of extraction sockets in collagenase-2 (matrix metalloproteinase-8)-deficient mice. Eur J Oral Sci 2009; 117:248-54. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.2009.00620.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
|
124
|
Zemans RL, Colgan SP, Downey GP. Transepithelial migration of neutrophils: mechanisms and implications for acute lung injury. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2009; 40:519-35. [PMID: 18978300 PMCID: PMC2677434 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2008-0348tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2008] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary function of neutrophils in host defense is to contain and eradicate invading microbial pathogens. This is achieved through a series of swift and highly coordinated responses culminating in ingestion (phagocytosis) and killing of invading microbes. While these tasks are usually performed without injury to host tissues, in pathologic circumstances such as sepsis, potent antimicrobial compounds can be released extracellularly, inducing a spectrum of responses in host cells ranging from activation to injury and death. In the lung, such inflammatory damage is believed to contribute to the pathogenesis of diverse lung diseases, including acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome, chronic obstructive lung disease, and cystic fibrosis. In these disorders, epithelial cells are targets of leukocyte-derived antimicrobial products, including proteinases and oxidants. Herein, we review the mechanisms involved in the physiologic process of neutrophil transepithelial migration, including the role of specific adhesion molecules on the leukocyte and epithelial cells. We examine the responses of the epithelial cells to the itinerant leukocytes and their cytotoxic products and the consequences of this for lung injury and repair. This paradigm has important clinical implications because of the potential for selective blockade of these pathways to prevent or attenuate lung injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Zemans
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
125
|
Kassiri Z, Oudit GY, Kandalam V, Awad A, Wang X, Ziou X, Maeda N, Herzenberg AM, Scholey JW. Loss of TIMP3 enhances interstitial nephritis and fibrosis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2009; 20:1223-35. [PMID: 19406980 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2008050492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The balance of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs) determines the integrity of the extracellular matrix. TIMP3 is the most highly expressed tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP) in the kidney, but its function in renal disease is incompletely understood. In this study, TIMP3-/- mice demonstrated an age-dependent chronic tubulointerstitial fibrosis. After unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), young TIMP3-/- mice exhibited increased renal injury (tubular atrophy, cortical and medullary thinning, and vascular damage) compared with wild-type mice. In addition, TIMP3-/- mice had greater interstitial fibrosis; increased synthesis and deposition of type I collagen; increased activation of fibroblasts; enhanced apoptosis; and greater activation of MMP2, but not MMP9, after UUO. TIMP3 deficiency also led to accelerated processing of TNFalpha, demonstrated by significantly higher TACE activity and greater soluble TNFalpha levels by 3 d after UUO. The additional deletion of TNFalpha markedly reduced inflammation, apoptosis, and induction of a number of MMPs. Moreover, inhibition of MMPs in TIMP3-/-/TNFalpha-/- mice further abrogated postobstructive injury and prevented tubulointerestitial fibrosis. In humans, TIMP3 expression increased in the renal arteries and proximal tubules of subjects with diabetic nephropathy or chronic allograft nephropathy. Taken together, these results provide evidence that TIMP3 is an important mediator of kidney injury, and regulating its activity may have therapeutic benefit for patients with kidney disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zamaneh Kassiri
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Group, Room 474, Heritage Medical Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2S2 Canada.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
126
|
Bachert C, Van Bruaene N, Toskala E, Zhang N, Olze H, Scadding G, Van Drunen CM, Mullol J, Cardell L, Gevaert P, Van Zele T, Claeys S, Halldén C, Kostamo K, Foerster U, Kowalski M, Bieniek K, Olszewska-Ziaber A, Nizankowska-Mogilnicka E, Szczeklik A, Swierczynska M, Arcimowicz M, Lund V, Fokkens W, Zuberbier T, Akdis C, Canonica G, Van Cauwenberge P, Burney P, Bousquet J. Important research questions in allergy and related diseases: 3-chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyposis - a GALEN study. Allergy 2009; 64:520-33. [PMID: 19317839 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.01964.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis is one of the most common health care challenges, with significant direct medical costs and severe impact on lower airway disease and general health outcomes. The diagnosis of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) currently is based on clinical signs, nasal endoscopy and CT scanning, and therapeutic recommendations are focussing on 2 classes of drugs, corticosteroids and antibiotics. A better understanding of the pathogenesis and the factors amplifying mucosal inflammation therefore seems to be crucial for the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic tools. In an effort to extend knowledge in this area, the WP 2.7.2 of the GA(2)LEN network of excellence currently collects data and samples of 1000 CRS patients and 250 control subjects. The main objective of this project is to characterize patients with upper airway disease on the basis of clinical parameters, infectious agents, inflammatory mechanisms and remodeling processes. This collaborative research will result in better knowledge on patient phenotypes, pathomechanisms, and subtypes in chronic rhinosinusitis. This review summarizes the state of the art on chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyposis in different aspects of the disease. It defines potential gaps in the current research, and points to future research perspectives and targets.
Collapse
|
127
|
Takamiya R, Hung CC, Hall SR, Fukunaga K, Nagaishi T, Maeno T, Owen C, Macias AA, Fredenburgh LE, Ishizaka A, Blumberg RS, Baron RM, Perrella MA. High-mobility group box 1 contributes to lethality of endotoxemia in heme oxygenase-1-deficient mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2008; 41:129-35. [PMID: 19097991 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2008-0331oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a nuclear protein that has been found to be a critical mediator of lethality in endotoxemia and sepsis. During the systemic inflammatory response, circulating levels of HMGB1 are increased, but in a delayed fashion compared with early inflammatory mediators. To counteract the inflammatory response of endotoxemia, a secondary anti-inflammatory response ensues in an attempt to prevent inflammation-induced tissue injury. One such cytoprotective gene that is induced during endotoxemia is heme oxygenase (HO)-1. HO-1, and its products of heme metabolism, possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties to counter the damaging effects of endotoxemia. In the present study, we wanted to determine whether tissue and circulating levels of HMGB1 are increased further in the absence of HO-1 during endotoxemia, and whether this increase may contribute to the pathobiology of endotoxemia. Lung inflammation, HMGB1 protein levels, and expression of HMGB1 in inflammatory cells were increased in HO-1(-/-) mice compared with HO-1+/+ mice. After the administration of LPS, tissue levels of HMGB1 were not increased further in HO-1(-/-) mice; however, circulating levels of HMGB1 were higher when compared with HO-1+/+ mice. HO-1(-/-) mice treated with a carbon monoxide-releasing molecule or biliverdin showed a reduction in plasma HMGB1, which was associated with a marked improvement in survival. HO-1(-/-) mice given HMGB1-neutralizing antibody showed improvement in survival compared with control antibody. These data suggest that exaggerated circulating levels of HMGB1 contribute to endotoxin-induced mortality in the absence of HO-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rina Takamiya
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis St., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
128
|
Local and systemic responses in matrix metalloproteinase 8-deficient mice during Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced periodontitis. Infect Immun 2008; 77:850-9. [PMID: 19029300 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00873-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a bacterium-induced chronic inflammation that destroys tissues that attach teeth to jaw bone. Pathologically excessive matrix metalloproteinase 8 (MMP-8) is among the key players in periodontal destruction by initiating type I collagen degradation. We studied MMP-8 in Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced periodontitis by using MMP-8-deficient (MMP8(-/-)) and wild-type (WT) mice. Alveolar bone loss, inflammatory mediator expression, serum immunoglobulin, and lipoprotein responses were investigated to clarify the role of MMP-8 in periodontitis and systemic inflammatory responses. P. gingivalis infection induced accelerated site-specific alveolar bone loss in both MMP8(-/-) and WT mice relative to uninfected mice. The most extensive bone degradation took place in the P. gingivalis-infected MMP8(-/-) group. Surprisingly, MMP-8 significantly attenuated (P < 0.05) P. gingivalis-induced site-specific alveolar bone loss. Increased alveolar bone loss in P. gingivalis-infected MMP8(-/-) and WT mice was associated with increase in gingival neutrophil elastase production. Serum lipoprotein analysis demonstrated changes in the distribution of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) particles; unlike the WT mice, the MMP8(-/-) mice underwent a shift toward a smaller HDL/VLDL particle sizes. P. gingivalis infection increased the HDL/VLDL particle size in the MMP8(-/-) mice, which is an indicator of lipoprotein responses during systemic inflammation. Serum total lipopolysaccharide activity and the immunoglobulin G-class antibody level in response to P. gingivalis were significantly elevated in both infected mice groups. Thus, MMP-8 appears to act in a protective manner inhibiting the development of bacterium-induced periodontal tissue destruction, possibly through the processing anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Bacterium-induced periodontitis, especially in MMP8(-/-) mice, is associated with systemic inflammatory and lipoprotein changes that are likely involved in early atherosclerosis.
Collapse
|
129
|
Vardar-Sengul S, Buduneli E, Turkoglu O, Buduneli N, Atilla G, Wahlgren J, Sorsa T, Baylas H. The Effects of Selective COX-2 Inhibitor/Celecoxib and Omega-3 Fatty Acid on Matrix Metalloproteinases, TIMP-1, and Laminin-5γ2-Chain Immunolocalization in Experimental Periodontitis. J Periodontol 2008; 79:1934-41. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2008.080001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
130
|
Becher N, Hein M, Uldbjerg N, Danielsen CC. Balance between matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP) in the cervical mucus plug estimated by determination of free non-complexed TIMP. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2008; 6:45. [PMID: 18826601 PMCID: PMC2569039 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-6-45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2008] [Accepted: 09/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cervical mucus plug (CMP) is a semi-solid structure with antibacterial properties positioned in the cervical canal during pregnancy. The CMP contains high concentrations of matrix metalloproteinase 8 and 9 (MMP-8, MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1). This indicates a potential to degrade extracellular matrix components depending on the balance between free non-complexed inhibitors and active enzymes. METHODS Thirty-two CMPs collected during active labor at term were analyzed. Twelve CMPs were separated into a cellular and an extracellular/fluid phase and analyzed by gelatin and reverse zymography to reveal MMP and TIMP location. Twenty samples were homogenized, extracted and studied by the TIMP activity assay based on gelatin zymography. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine TIMP-1, MMP-8 and MMP-9 protein concentrations, and gelatin and reverse zymography used to identify gelatinases and TIMPs, respectively. The Western blotting technique was applied for semi-quantification of alpha2-macroglobulin. An ELISA activity assay was used to detect MMP-8 and MMP-9 activity. RESULTS ProMMP-2, proMMP-9, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 were almost exclusively located in the fluid phase compared to the cellular phase of the CMP. All the extracted samples contained MMP-8, MMP-9, TIMP-1, TIMP-2 and alpha2-macroglobulin. Free non-complexed TIMP was detected in all the samples analyzed by the TIMP activity assay and was associated with TIMP-1 protein (R = 0.71, p < 0.001) and with the TIMP/MMP molar ratio (1.7 (1.1-2.5) (mean (95% confidence interval)) (R = 0.65, p = 0.002). The ELISA activity assay showed no activity from MMP-8 or MMP-9. CONCLUSION Due to their extracellular location, potential proteolytic activity from neutrophil-derived MMPs in the CMP could exert a biological impact on cervical dilatation and fetal membrane rupture at term. The functional TIMP activity assay, revealing excess non-complexed TIMP, and a molar inhibitor/enzyme ratio above unity, indicate that refined MMP control prevents CMP-originated proteolytic activity in the surrounding tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naja Becher
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Århus University Hospital, Skejby, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Merete Hein
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Århus University Hospital, Skejby, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Niels Uldbjerg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Århus University Hospital, Skejby, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Carl Christian Danielsen
- Department of Connective Tissue Biology, Institute of Anatomy, University of Aarhus, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
131
|
Owen CA. Roles for proteinases in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2008; 3:253-68. [PMID: 18686734 PMCID: PMC2629972 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s2089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the early 1960s, a compelling body of evidence has accumulated to show that proteinases play critical roles in airspace enlargement in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, until recently the causative enzymes and their exact roles in pathologic processes in COPD have not been clear. Recent studies of gene-targeted mice in murine models of COPD have confirmed roles for proteinases not only in airspace enlargement, but also in airway pathologies in COPD. These studies have also shed light on the specific proteinases involved in COPD pathogenesis, and the mechanisms by which these proteinases injure the lung. They have also identified important interactions between different classes of proteinases, and between proteinases and other molecules that amplify lung inflammation and injury. This review will discuss the biology of proteinases and the mechanisms by which they contribute to the pathogenesis of COPD. In addition, I will discuss the potential of proteinase inhibitors and anti-inflammatory drugs as new treatment strategies for COPD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline A Owen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
132
|
Chen W, Tabata Y, Gibson AM, Daines MO, Warrier MR, Wills-Karp M, Hershey GKK. Matrix metalloproteinase 8 contributes to solubilization of IL-13 receptor alpha2 in vivo. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2008; 122:625-32. [PMID: 18694590 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2008.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2007] [Revised: 05/09/2008] [Accepted: 06/17/2008] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IL-13 receptor alpha2 (IL-13R alpha 2) is a high-affinity receptor for IL-13, a central mediator of allergic asthma. It acts predominantly as a decoy receptor but can also contribute to IL-13 responses under certain conditions. IL-13R alpha 2 exists in soluble and membrane forms, which can both bind IL-13 and modulate its activity. Yet the proteolytic processes that contribute to the generation of soluble IL-13R alpha 2 are largely unknown. OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate the role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the generation of soluble IL-13R alpha 2. METHODS Acellular cleavage assays by MMPs were performed by using glutathione-S-transferase fusion proteins of murine or human IL-13R alpha 2. IL-13R alpha 2 stable-transfected cells were used for analysis of surface expression and release of soluble IL-13R alpha 2. Wild-type and MMP-8-deficient mice were used for analysis of allergen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness and solubilization of IL-13R alpha 2. RESULTS Among several MMPs tested, only MMP-8 cleaved IL-13R alpha 2. Treatment of transfected human or murine cells expressing high levels of surface IL-13R alpha 2 with MMP-8 resulted in release of soluble IL-13R alpha 2 into the supernatants, with a concomitant decrease in surface IL-13R alpha 2 levels. The IL-13R alpha 2 solubilized by MMP-8 retained IL-13 binding activity. In an asthma model MMP-8-deficient mice displayed increased airway hyperresponsiveness and decreased soluble IL-13R alpha 2 protein levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid compared with those seen in wild-type mice after house dust mite challenge. CONCLUSION MMP-8 cleaves IL-13R alpha 2 in vitro and contributes to the solubilization of IL-13R alpha 2 in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiguo Chen
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Institute for Personalized and Predictive Medicine, Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
133
|
Serum matrix metalloproteinase-8 is associated with ulceration and vascular invasion of malignant melanoma. Melanoma Res 2008; 18:268-73. [DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0b013e3283090031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
134
|
Application of quantitative gene expression analysis for pertussis vaccine safety control. Vaccine 2008; 26:4686-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.06.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2008] [Revised: 06/10/2008] [Accepted: 06/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
135
|
Jie Bao G, Kari K, Tervahartiala T, Sorsa T, Meurman JH. Proteolytic Activities of Oral Bacteria on ProMMP-9 and the Effect of Synthetic Proteinase Inhibitors. Open Dent J 2008; 2:96-102. [PMID: 19088890 PMCID: PMC2581524 DOI: 10.2174/1874210600802010096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2008] [Revised: 06/05/2008] [Accepted: 06/05/2008] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue reactions to bacteria lead to proinflammatory reactions involving matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Synthetic protease inhibitors may offer new possibilities to regulate bacterial proteases. We investigated proteolytic activities of certain periodontal bacteria, their effects on the latent proMMP-9, and the effects of synthetic MMP inhibitors and a serine protease inhibitor Pefabloc. The strains studied were Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Peptostreptoccus micros, Prevotella nigrescens, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and 5 Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans serotypes. Their gelatinolytic activities and the effects of certain synthetic MMP inhibitors and Pefabloc were analyzed by zymography. Bacterial effects on proMMP-9 conversion were investigated by Western immunoblot. All investigated periodontal bacteria produced gelatinolytic cell-bound and extracellular proteinases which could fragment latent proMMP-9, suggesting co-operative processing cascades in oral tissue remodeling. A. actinomycetemcomitans produced the weakest gelatinolytic activity. Synthetic proteinase inhibitors exhibited slight but clear reductive effects on the bacterial proteolytic activities. We conclude that targeted anti-proteolytic treatment modalities against bacterial-host proteolytic cascades can be developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guang Jie Bao
- Stomatology School of North-West University for Nationalities, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
136
|
Mambole A, Baruch D, Nusbaum P, Bigot S, Suzuki M, Lesavre P, Fukuda M, Halbwachs-Mecarelli L. The cleavage of neutrophil leukosialin (CD43) by cathepsin G releases its extracellular domain and triggers its intramembrane proteolysis by presenilin/gamma-secretase. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:23627-35. [PMID: 18586676 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m710286200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The highly negatively charged membrane sialoglycoprotein leukosialin, CD43, is shed during neutrophil activation. This is generally thought to enhance cell adhesion. We here describe two novel consequences of this shedding, during neutrophil activation by phorbol esters or by chemoattractants after TNF-alpha priming. CD43 proteolysis was investigated by Western blotting, using a polyclonal antibody to CD43 intracellular domain. Our data emphasize the importance of a juxtamembranous cleavage of about 50% of membrane CD43 molecules by cathepsin G. Indeed, it is inhibited by alpha1-antichymotrypsin and cathepsin G inhibitor I and is reproduced by exogenous purified cathepsin G. The resulting membrane-anchored C-terminal fragment, CD43-CTF, becomes susceptible to presenilin/gamma-secretase, which releases CD43 intracytoplasmic domain: preincubation with three different gamma-secretase inhibitors, before PMN treatment by agonists or by purified cathepsin G, results in the accumulation of CD43-CTF. Because CD43 binds E-selectin, we also investigated the effect of the soluble extracellular domain CD43s, released by cathepsin G juxtamembranous cleavage, on neutrophil adhesion to endothelial cells. A recombinant CD43s-Fc fusion protein inhibited neutrophil E selectindependent adhesion to endothelial cells under flow conditions, while it had no effect on neutrophil static adhesion. We thus propose that, in addition to its potential pro-adhesive role, CD43 proteolysis results in: (i) the release, by cathepsin G, of CD43 extracellular domain, able to inhibit the adhesion of flowing neutrophils on endothelial cells and thus to participate to the natural control of inflammation; (ii) the release and/or the clearance, by presenilin/gamma-secretase, of CD43 intracellular domain, thereby regulating CD43-mediated signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnès Mambole
- INSERM U845, the Université René Descartes, Hôpital Necker, 161 Rue de Sèvres, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
137
|
Lin M, Jackson P, Tester AM, Diaconu E, Overall CM, Blalock JE, Pearlman E. Matrix metalloproteinase-8 facilitates neutrophil migration through the corneal stromal matrix by collagen degradation and production of the chemotactic peptide Pro-Gly-Pro. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2008; 173:144-53. [PMID: 18556780 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2008.080081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8 and MMP-9 play several roles in inflammation, including degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) components and regulation of cytokine activity. To determine the roles of MMP-8 and MMP-9 in a neutrophil-dependent inflammatory response, we used a murine model of corneal inflammation in which LPS is injected into the corneal stroma. In contrast to wild-type mice, we found that i) lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-injected CXCR2(-/-) corneas had impaired neutrophil infiltration and did not express either MMP-8 or MMP-9; ii) neutrophil migration through the central cornea was impaired in Mmp8(-/-), but not Mmp9(-/-), mice; iii) neutrophil migration was inhibited in collagenase-resistant mice; iv) the chemotactic Pro-Gly-Pro (PGP) tripeptide that binds CXCR2 was decreased in CXCR2(-/-) mice; v) PGP production was impaired in Mmp8(-/-) corneas; and vi) neutralizing anti-PGP antibody did not inhibit neutrophil infiltration in Mmp8(-/-) mice. We found no effects of MMP-8 on LPS-induced CXC chemokine (LIX, or CXCL5)-induced neutrophil recruitment or on LPS-induced CXC chemokine production. Together, these studies indicate that neutrophils contribute to the production of both MMP-8 and MMP-9 in LPS-injected corneas and that MMP-8 regulates neutrophil migration through the dense collagenous ECM of the corneal stroma by generating chemotactic PGP during inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-7286, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
138
|
Gutiérrez-Fernández A, Fueyo A, Folgueras AR, Garabaya C, Pennington CJ, Pilgrim S, Edwards DR, Holliday DL, Jones JL, Span PN, Sweep FCGJ, Puente XS, López-Otín C. Matrix metalloproteinase-8 functions as a metastasis suppressor through modulation of tumor cell adhesion and invasion. Cancer Res 2008; 68:2755-63. [PMID: 18413742 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-5154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Collagenase-2 (matrix metalloproteinase-8, MMP-8) is an MMP mainly produced by neutrophils and associated with many inflammatory conditions. We have previously described that MMP-8 plays a protective role in cancer through its ability to regulate the inflammatory response induced by carcinogens. Moreover, it has been reported that experimental manipulation of the expression levels of this enzyme alters the metastatic behavior of human breast cancer cells. In this work, we have used mutant mice deficient in MMP-8 and syngenic melanoma and lung carcinoma tumor cells lines overexpressing this enzyme to further explore the putative antimetastatic potential of MMP-8. We report herein that MMP-8 prevents metastasis formation through the modulation of tumor cell adhesion and invasion. Thus, tumor cells overexpressing MMP-8 have an increased adhesion to extracellular matrix proteins, whereas their invasive ability through Matrigel is substantially reduced when compared with control cells. Analysis of MMP-8 in breast cancer patients revealed that the expression of this metalloproteinase by breast tumors correlates with a lower incidence of lymph node metastasis and confers good prognosis to these patients. On this basis, we propose that MMP-8 is a tumor protective factor, which also has the ability to reduce the metastatic potential of malignant cells in both mice and human.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Gutiérrez-Fernández
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
139
|
Dietmann A, Helbok R, Lackner P, Issifou S, Lell B, Matsiegui P, Reindl M, Schmutzhard E, Kremsner P. Matrix Metalloproteinases and Their Tissue Inhibitors (TIMPs) inPlasmodium falciparumMalaria: Serum Levels of TIMP‐1 Are Associated with Disease Severity. J Infect Dis 2008; 197:1614-20. [DOI: 10.1086/587943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
|
140
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In this review, we discuss the role of matrix metalloproteinases and the potential therapeutic inhibition of metalloproteinases in chronic rhinosinusitis. Metalloproteinases control tissue remodelling along with several other physiologic processes. Failures may cause extracellular matrix deposition and sustained inflammation, which are common features in chronic rhinosinusitis. RECENT FINDINGS Metalloproteinases are rarely studied in chronic rhinosinusitis. Upregulation of certain metalloproteinases (gelatinases, collagenases and matrilysin) is described in the literature. The results are partly controversial, suggesting that metalloproteinases are implicated in the destructive processes in the disease pathogenesis, but also demonstrate that they may exert an anti-inflammatory function in chronic rhinosinusitis. The imbalance between metalloproteinases and the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases is proposed to be crucial in the extracellular matrix deposition in asthma, and it may also lead to pathologic tissue remodelling in chronic rhinosinusitis. SUMMARY Metalloproteinases are implicated in the chronic respiratory-tract diseases, but little is known about their detailed functions in disease pathogenesis. Metalloproteinases may serve as tools in evaluating prognosis and provide a target for novel therapies, highlighting the need for better understanding of metalloproteinase functions in chronic rhinosinusitis.
Collapse
|
141
|
Jung K. Serum samples are inappropriate for use in measuring circulating matrix metalloproteinases: comment on the article by Young-Min et al. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 2008; 58:1557-1559. [PMID: 18438823 DOI: 10.1002/art.23424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
|
142
|
Jung K. Blood sampling and the measurement of circulating matrix metalloproteinase-8. Clin Chim Acta 2008; 390:156-7, author reply 158. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2007.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2007] [Accepted: 11/13/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
143
|
Folgueras AR, Fueyo A, García-Suárez O, Cox J, Astudillo A, Tortorella P, Campestre C, Gutiérrez-Fernández A, Fanjul-Fernández M, Pennington CJ, Edwards DR, Overall CM, López-Otín C. Collagenase-2 Deficiency or Inhibition Impairs Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Mice. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:9465-74. [DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m709522200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
144
|
Emingil G, Afacan B, Tervahartiala T, Töz H, Atilla G, Sorsa T. Gingival crevicular fluid and serum matrix metalloproteinase-8 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 levels in renal transplant patients undergoing different immunosuppressive therapy. J Clin Periodontol 2008; 35:221-9. [PMID: 18269661 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2007.01192.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM We investigated gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) levels from renal transplant patients receiving cyclosporine-A (CsA) and having gingival overgrowth (GO), from patients receiving CsA therapy and having no GO and patients receiving tacrolimus therapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS GCF samples were collected from sites with GO (GO+) and without GO (GO-) in CsA patients having GO; and GO- sites in CsA patients having no GO; sites from tacrolimus, gingivitis and healthy subjects. GCF and serum MMP-8 and TIMP-1 levels were determined by a time-resolved immunofluorometric assay (IFMA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS GO+ sites in CsA patients having GO had elevated GCF MMP-8 levels compared with those of CsA patients having no GO, tacrolimus and healthy subjects (p<0.005), but these levels were similar to those of gingivitis. The GCF MMP-8 level was higher in GO+ compared with GO- sites in CsA patients having GO (p<0.05). GCF TIMP-1 levels were similar between groups. Tacrolimus patients had lower GCF MMP-8 levels than gingivitis (p<0.005), but levels similar to the healthy group. CONCLUSION These results show that CsA and tacrolimus therapy has no significant effect on GCF MMP-8 levels, and gingival inflammation seems to be the main reason for their elevations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gülnur Emingil
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
145
|
Jung K. Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 and Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 in Serum Do Not Reflect the Analytes Circulating in Blood. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2008; 28:e15-6; author reply e17. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.107.158790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Jung
- Department of Urology, Research Division, University Hospital Charité, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
146
|
Dolinay T, Wu W, Kaminski N, Ifedigbo E, Kaynar AM, Szilasi M, Watkins SC, Ryter SW, Hoetzel A, Choi AMK. Mitogen-activated protein kinases regulate susceptibility to ventilator-induced lung injury. PLoS One 2008; 3:e1601. [PMID: 18270588 PMCID: PMC2223071 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0001601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2007] [Accepted: 01/17/2008] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mechanical ventilation causes ventilator-induced lung injury in animals and humans. Mitogen-activated protein kinases have been implicated in ventilator-induced lung injury though their functional significance remains incomplete. We characterize the role of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase/mitogen activated protein kinase kinase-3 and c-Jun-NH2-terminal kinase-1 in ventilator-induced lung injury and investigate novel independent mechanisms contributing to lung injury during mechanical ventilation. Methodology and Principle Findings C57/BL6 wild-type mice and mice genetically deleted for mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase-3 (mkk-3−/−) or c-Jun-NH2-terminal kinase-1 (jnk1−/−) were ventilated, and lung injury parameters were assessed. We demonstrate that mkk3−/− or jnk1−/− mice displayed significantly reduced inflammatory lung injury and apoptosis relative to wild-type mice. Since jnk1−/− mice were highly resistant to ventilator-induced lung injury, we performed comprehensive gene expression profiling of ventilated wild-type or jnk1−/− mice to identify novel candidate genes which may play critical roles in the pathogenesis of ventilator-induced lung injury. Microarray analysis revealed many novel genes differentially expressed by ventilation including matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP8) and GADD45α. Functional characterization of MMP8 revealed that mmp8−/− mice were sensitized to ventilator-induced lung injury with increased lung vascular permeability. Conclusions We demonstrate that mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways mediate inflammatory lung injury during ventilator-induced lung injury. C-Jun-NH2-terminal kinase was also involved in alveolo-capillary leakage and edema formation, whereas MMP8 inhibited alveolo-capillary protein leakage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Dolinay
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Unites States of America
- Department of Pulmonology, University of Debrecen Medical and Health Science Center, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Wei Wu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Unites States of America
| | - Naftali Kaminski
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Unites States of America
| | - Emeka Ifedigbo
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Unites States of America
| | - A. Murat Kaynar
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Mária Szilasi
- Department of Pulmonology, University of Debrecen Medical and Health Science Center, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Simon C. Watkins
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Stefan W. Ryter
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Unites States of America
| | - Alexander Hoetzel
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Unites States of America
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Augustine M. K. Choi
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Unites States of America
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
147
|
Avellán NL, Sorsa T, Tervahartiala T, Forster C, Kemppainen P. Experimental tooth pain elevates substance P and matrix metalloproteinase-8 levels in human gingival crevice fluid. Acta Odontol Scand 2008; 66:18-22. [PMID: 18320414 DOI: 10.1080/00016350701810658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tooth pain can induce a neurogenic inflammatory reaction in gingiva in association with local elevations of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8, which is considered the major tissue destructive protease in gingival crevice fluid (GCF). The pro-inflammatory neuropeptides released by sensory nerves coordinate the activities of the immuno-effector cells and may influence the secretion of MMP-8. With this background, we studied whether experimental tooth pain can trigger changes in GCF levels of the neuropeptide substance P (SP) and MMP-8. MATERIAL AND METHODS The GCF SP levels of stimulated and non-stimulated teeth were analyzed for SP using a competitive enzyme immunoassay (EIA). The GCF MMP-8 levels were determined by quantitative immunofluorometric assay (IFMA). RESULTS Painful stimulation of the upper central incisor caused significant elevations in GCF SP and MMP-8 levels of the stimulated tooth. At the same time, the GCF SP and MMP-8 levels of non-stimulated control teeth were unchanged. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that experimental tooth pain can induce local elevations of SP and MMP-8 levels in GCF simultaneously. This supports the possibility of a local neurogenic spread of inflammatory reactions from intrapulpal to surrounding periodontal tissues.
Collapse
|
148
|
Owen CA. Leukocyte cell surface proteinases: regulation of expression, functions, and mechanisms of surface localization. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2008; 40:1246-72. [PMID: 18329945 PMCID: PMC2425676 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2008.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2007] [Revised: 01/15/2008] [Accepted: 01/15/2008] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A number of proteinases are expressed on the surface of leukocytes including members of the serine, metallo-, and cysteine proteinase superfamilies. Some proteinases are anchored to the plasma membrane of leukocytes by a transmembrane domain or a glycosyl phosphatidyl inositol (GPI) anchor. Other proteinases bind with high affinity to classical receptors, or with lower affinity to integrins, proteoglycans, or other leukocyte surface molecules. Leukocyte surface levels of proteinases are regulated by: (1) cytokines, chemokines, bacterial products, and growth factors which stimulate synthesis and/or release of proteinases by cells; (2) the availability of surface binding sites for proteinases; and/or (3) internalization or shedding of surface-bound proteinases. The binding of proteinases to leukocyte surfaces serves many functions including: (1) concentrating the activity of proteinases to the immediate pericellular environment; (2) facilitating pro-enzyme activation; (3) increasing proteinase stability and retention in the extracellular space; (4) regulating leukocyte function by proteinases signaling through cell surface binding sites or other surface proteins; and (5) protecting proteinases from inhibition by extracellular proteinase inhibitors. There is strong evidence that membrane-associated proteinases on leukocytes play critical roles in wound healing, inflammation, extracellular matrix remodeling, fibrinolysis, and coagulation. This review will outline the biology of membrane-associated proteinases expressed by leukocytes and their roles in physiologic and pathologic processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline A Owen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 905 Thorn Building, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
149
|
Lauhio A, Sorsa T, Srinivas R, Stenman M, Tervahartiala T, Stenman UH, Grönhagen-Riska C, Honkanen E. Urinary matrix metalloproteinase -8, -9, -14 and their regulators (TRY-1, TRY-2, TATI) in patients with diabetic nephropathy. Ann Med 2008; 40:312-20. [PMID: 18428024 DOI: 10.1080/07853890801923746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) has been shown to be involved in the development of diabetic nephropathy (DNP). We studied the levels, molecular forms, and degree of activation of urinary MMP-8, -9, -14, trypsin-1 and -2, as well as tumor-associated trypsin inhibitor (TATI) of DNP patients and healthy controls. Urinary samples were analyzed for MMPs by Western blotting and gelatin zymography and for trypsin-1, -2, and TATI by time-resolved immunofluorometric assays. Total MMP-8 immunoreactivity, the proportion of active MMP-9, and gelatinolytic activity in urine were significantly higher in DNP patients than in controls. In urine of DNP patients the proportion of active polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN)-type (but not fibroblast-type) MMP-8 was increased. MMP-8 and MMP-9 were found to form high molecular weight complexes in DNP urine. Total immunoreactivity of soluble urinary MMP-14 and the levels of trypsin (TRY)-1 and TRY-2, but not of TATI, were also significantly increased in DNP. Zymography, Western blotting, and immunofluorometric analysis of DNP urine showed a significant association especially between activation of MMP-9 as well as PMN-type MMP-8 and TRY-2. Our findings suggest that a trypsin-MMP cascade is involved in the pathogenesis of DNP, which may offer new possibilities for diagnosis and treatment of DNP with MMP inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anneli Lauhio
- Helsinki University Central Hospital, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Helsinki, Finland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
150
|
Kuula H, Salo T, Pirilä E, Hagström J, Luomanen M, Gutierrez-Fernandez A, Romanos GE, Sorsa T. Human beta-defensin-1 and -2 and matrix metalloproteinase-25 and -26 expression in chronic and aggressive periodontitis and in peri-implantitis. Arch Oral Biol 2007; 53:175-86. [PMID: 17996844 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2007.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2007] [Revised: 08/09/2007] [Accepted: 09/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aberrant matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and human beta-defensin (HBD) functions have been found in inflammatory diseases. The objectives of this study were to investigate the immunolocalisation, mRNA expression and molecular forms of MMP-25, MMP-26, HBD-1 and HBD-2 in chronic and aggressive periodontitis and in peri-implantitis. The expression of MMP-25 by cultured human plasmacytoma cells and macrophages, and the effects of MMP-26 and Porphyromonas gingivalis trypsin-like proteinase on HBD-1 and -2 were also studied. DESIGN Immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescent analysis, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting were used to assess localisation, mRNA expression and molecular forms of MMP-25, MMP-26, HBD-1 and HBD-2. HBD degradation by MMP-26 and P. gingivalis proteinase was studied by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. RESULTS MMP-25 was present in plasma cells and polymorphonuclear leucocytes, and MMP-26 was present in oral and sulcular basement membrane zones. HBD-1 was distributed perivasculary in gingival connective tissue and in oral and sulcular epithelium, and HBD-2 was found to a lesser extent in the perivascular space. Low MMP-25, MMP-26, HBD-1 and HBD-2 mRNA expression was found. Immunoblot revealed 29-57-kDa MMP-25 in myeloma cell lysates, but not in macrophages, and partly activated MMP-25 and -26 in diseased gingival crevicular fluid and peri-implant sulcular fluid. P. gingivalis trypsin-like proteinase degraded HBD-1 and -2. CONCLUSIONS Both MMP-25 and -26 were expressed more strongly in extensively inflamed gingiva compared with healthy gingiva. The expression of HBD-1 was stronger than that of HBD-2 in periodontitis and peri-implantitis. De-novo expression of MMP-25 and -26 is associated with periodontal and peri-implant inflammation. Furthermore, P. gingivalis trypsin-like proteinase, but not MMP-26, can degrade HBD-1 and -2, which could lead to a weakened innate immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Kuula
- Biomedicum Helsinki, Institute of Dentistry, University of Helsinki, PO Box 63, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|