101
|
Sadeqi Nezhad M, Seifalian A, Bagheri N, Yaghoubi S, Karimi MH, Adbollahpour-Alitappeh M. Chimeric Antigen Receptor Based Therapy as a Potential Approach in Autoimmune Diseases: How Close Are We to the Treatment? Front Immunol 2020; 11:603237. [PMID: 33324420 PMCID: PMC7727445 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.603237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite significant breakthroughs in understanding of immunological and physiological features of autoimmune diseases, there is currently no specific therapeutic option with prolonged remission. Cell-based therapy using engineered-T cells has attracted tremendous attention as a practical treatment for autoimmune diseases. Genetically modified-T cells armed with chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) attack autoreactive immune cells such as B cells or antibody-secreting plasma cells. CARs can further guide the effector and regulatory T cells (Tregs) to the autoimmune milieu to traffic, proliferate, and exert suppressive functions. The genetically modified-T cells with artificial receptors are a promising option to suppress autoimmune manifestation and autoinflammatory events. Interestingly, CAR-T cells are modified to a new chimeric auto-antibody receptor T (CAAR-T) cell. This cell, with its specific-antigen, recognizes and binds to the target autoantibodies expressing autoreactive cells and, subsequently, destroy them. Preclinical studies of CAR-T cells demonstrated satisfactory outcomes against autoimmune diseases. However, the lack of target autoantigens remains one of the pivotal problems in the field of CAR-T cells. CAR-based therapy has to pass several hurdles, including stability, durability, trafficking, safety, effectiveness, manufacturing, and persistence, to enter clinical use. The primary goal of this review was to shed light on CAR-T immunotherapy, CAAR-T cell therapy, and CAR-Treg cell therapy in patients with immune system diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sadeqi Nezhad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Young Researchers and Elites Club, Gorgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan, Iran.,Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Alexander Seifalian
- Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine Commercialization Centre (Ltd), The London BioScience Innovation Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nader Bagheri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Sajad Yaghoubi
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
102
|
Antibody Fragments as Tools for Elucidating Structure-Toxicity Relationships and for Diagnostic/Therapeutic Targeting of Neurotoxic Amyloid Oligomers. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21238920. [PMID: 33255488 PMCID: PMC7727795 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of amyloid protein aggregates in tissues is the basis for the onset of diseases known as amyloidoses. Intriguingly, many amyloidoses impact the central nervous system (CNS) and usually are devastating diseases. It is increasingly apparent that neurotoxic soluble oligomers formed by amyloidogenic proteins are the primary molecular drivers of these diseases, making them lucrative diagnostic and therapeutic targets. One promising diagnostic/therapeutic strategy has been the development of antibody fragments against amyloid oligomers. Antibody fragments, such as fragment antigen-binding (Fab), scFv (single chain variable fragments), and VHH (heavy chain variable domain or single-domain antibodies) are an alternative to full-length IgGs as diagnostics and therapeutics for a variety of diseases, mainly because of their increased tissue penetration (lower MW compared to IgG), decreased inflammatory potential (lack of Fc domain), and facile production (low structural complexity). Furthermore, through the use of in vitro-based ligand selection, it has been possible to identify antibody fragments presenting marked conformational selectivity. In this review, we summarize significant reports on antibody fragments selective for oligomers associated with prevalent CNS amyloidoses. We discuss promising results obtained using antibody fragments as both diagnostic and therapeutic agents against these diseases. In addition, the use of antibody fragments, particularly scFv and VHH, in the isolation of unique oligomeric assemblies is discussed as a strategy to unravel conformational moieties responsible for neurotoxicity. We envision that advances in this field may lead to the development of novel oligomer-selective antibody fragments with superior selectivity and, hopefully, good clinical outcomes.
Collapse
|
103
|
Schimek C, Kubek M, Scheich D, Fink M, Brocard C, Striedner G, Cserjan-Puschmann M, Hahn R. Three-dimensional chromatography for purification and characterization of antibody fragments and related impurities from Escherichia coli crude extracts. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1638:461702. [PMID: 33229006 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Antibody fragments (Fab) are often produced by recombinant methods in Escherichia coli as no glycosylation is needed. Besides the correctly expressed Fab molecule, a multitude of host cell impurities and product related impurities are present in the crude sample. The identification and characterization of the product-related impurities, such as modified Fab-molecules or free light chain, are of utmost importance. The objective of this work was to design a purification strategy to isolate and characterize Fab and related impurities. A three-dimensional chromatography method was established, consisting of two affinity steps (Protein G and Protein L) and subsequent cation exchange chromatography, followed by mass spectrometry analysis of the purified samples. The procedure was automated by collecting the eluted target species in loops and directly loading the samples onto the high-resolution cation exchange chromatography column. As an example, four different Fab molecules are characterized. All four samples contained mainly the correct Fab, while only one showed extensive N-terminal pyroglutamate formation of the Fab. In another case, we found a light chain variant with uncleaved amino acids from the lead molecule, which was not used for the formation of whole Fab as only correct Fab was found in that sample. Impurities with lower molecular weights, which were bound on the Protein L column, were observed in all samples, and identified as fragments of the light chain. In conclusion, we have devised a platform for characterizing Fab and Fab-related impurities, which significantly facilitated strain selection and optimization of cultivation conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Schimek
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for production of next-level biopharmaceuticals in E. coli, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Kubek
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for production of next-level biopharmaceuticals in E. coli, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - David Scheich
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for production of next-level biopharmaceuticals in E. coli, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathias Fink
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for production of next-level biopharmaceuticals in E. coli, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Cécile Brocard
- Biopharma Austria Process Science, Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Dr.-Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, A-1120 Wien
| | - Gerald Striedner
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for production of next-level biopharmaceuticals in E. coli, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Cserjan-Puschmann
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for production of next-level biopharmaceuticals in E. coli, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rainer Hahn
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for production of next-level biopharmaceuticals in E. coli, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
104
|
Baylet A, Laclaverie M, Marchand L, Bordes S, Closs-Gonthier B, Delpy L. Immunotherapies in cutaneous pathologies: an overview. Drug Discov Today 2020; 26:248-255. [PMID: 33137480 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Skin is a vital protective organ, the main role of which is to provide a physical barrier and to prevent the entry of pathogens. Various pathologies, such as atopic dermatitis (AD), psoriasis (PSO), or skin cancers, can affect the skin, and all show a high and increasing prevalence. Many antibodies are currently used in the treatment of these diseases. However, various studies are underway for the development of new biologics directed against specific targets. In this review, we describe current biologics used in skin pathologies as well as antibodies in development. We also discuss various immunotherapy examples that use new delivery technologies, such as microneedle patch, nanoparticles (NPs), liposomes, or gel formulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Baylet
- Unité Mixte de Recherche CNRS 7276 - INSERM U1262 - Université de Limoges, CBRS, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025 Limoges, France; Silab R&D Department, Brive, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Laurent Delpy
- Unité Mixte de Recherche CNRS 7276 - INSERM U1262 - Université de Limoges, CBRS, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025 Limoges, France.
| |
Collapse
|
105
|
Liang W, Pan HW, Vllasaliu D, Lam JKW. Pulmonary Delivery of Biological Drugs. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E1025. [PMID: 33114726 PMCID: PMC7693150 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12111025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, biological drugs have rapidly proliferated and have now become an important therapeutic modality. This is because of their high potency, high specificity and desirable safety profile. The majority of biological drugs are peptide- and protein-based therapeutics with poor oral bioavailability. They are normally administered by parenteral injection (with a very few exceptions). Pulmonary delivery is an attractive non-invasive alternative route of administration for local and systemic delivery of biologics with immense potential to treat various diseases, including diabetes, cystic fibrosis, respiratory viral infection and asthma, etc. The massive surface area and extensive vascularisation in the lungs enable rapid absorption and fast onset of action. Despite the benefits of pulmonary delivery, development of inhalable biological drug is a challenging task. There are various anatomical, physiological and immunological barriers that affect the therapeutic efficacy of inhaled formulations. This review assesses the characteristics of biological drugs and the barriers to pulmonary drug delivery. The main challenges in the formulation and inhalation devices are discussed, together with the possible strategies that can be applied to address these challenges. Current clinical developments in inhaled biological drugs for both local and systemic applications are also discussed to provide an insight for further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanling Liang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; (H.W.P.); (J.K.W.L.)
| | - Harry W. Pan
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; (H.W.P.); (J.K.W.L.)
| | - Driton Vllasaliu
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK;
| | - Jenny K. W. Lam
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; (H.W.P.); (J.K.W.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
106
|
Nicolas A, Dejoux A, Poirier C, Aubrey N, Péan JM, Velge-Roussel F. Contribution of Intrinsic Fluorescence to the Design of a New 3D-Printed Implant for Releasing SDABS. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12100921. [PMID: 32993086 PMCID: PMC7601711 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12100921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-domain antibodies (sdAbs) offer great features such as increased stability but are hampered by a limited serum half-life. Many strategies have been developed to improve the sdAb half-life, such as protein engineering and controlled release systems (CRS). In our study, we designed a new product that combined a hydrogel with a 3D-printed implant. The results demonstrate the implant’s ability to sustain sdAb release up to 13 days through a reduced initial burst release followed by a continuous release. Furthermore, formulation screening helped to identify the best sdAb formulation conditions and improved our understanding of our CRS. Through the screening step, we gained knowledge about the influence of the choice of polymer and about potential interactions between the sdAb and the polymer. To conclude, this feasibility study confirmed the ability of our CRS to extend sdAb release and established the fundamental role of formulation screening for maximizing knowledge about our CRS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Nicolas
- GICC EA 7501, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tours, 37032 Tours, France;
- PEX DPH, Technologie Servier, 45000 Orleans, France; (A.D.); (C.P.); (J.-M.P.)
| | - Alice Dejoux
- PEX DPH, Technologie Servier, 45000 Orleans, France; (A.D.); (C.P.); (J.-M.P.)
| | - Cécile Poirier
- PEX DPH, Technologie Servier, 45000 Orleans, France; (A.D.); (C.P.); (J.-M.P.)
| | - Nicolas Aubrey
- ISP UMR 1282, INRA, Team BioMAP, University of Tours, 37200 Tours, France;
| | - Jean-Manuel Péan
- PEX DPH, Technologie Servier, 45000 Orleans, France; (A.D.); (C.P.); (J.-M.P.)
| | - Florence Velge-Roussel
- GICC EA 7501, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tours, 37032 Tours, France;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)2-4736-6058
| |
Collapse
|
107
|
Selis F, Sandomenico A, Cantile M, Sanna R, Calvanese L, Falcigno L, Dell'Omo P, Esperti A, De Falco S, Focà A, Caporale A, Iaccarino E, Truppo E, Scaramuzza S, Tonon G, Ruvo M. Generation and testing of engineered multimeric Fabs of trastuzumab. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:4516-4531. [PMID: 32941911 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant antibodies fragments in several new formats are routinely investigated and used in diagnostic and therapeutic applications as anti-cancers molecules. New antibody formats are generated to compensate the need for multispecificity and site-specific introduction of fluorescent dyes, cytotoxic payloads or for generating semisynthetic multimeric molecules. Fabs of trastuzumab bearing transglutaminase (MTG) reactive sites were generated by periplasmic expression in E. coli and purified. Multimeric Fabs were generated by either disulfide bridge formation or by using MTG-sensitive peptide linkers. Binding to receptor was assessed by ELISA and SPR methods. Internalization and growth inhibition assays were performed on BT-474 and SKBR3 Her2+ cells. Fabs were successfully produced and dimerized or trimerized using MTG and suitably designed peptide linkers. Site-specific derivatizations with fluorophores were similarly achieved. The monomeric, dimeric and trimeric variants bind the receptor with affinities similar or superior to the full antibody. Fab and Fab2 are rapidly internalized in Her2+ cells and exhibit growth inhibition abilities similar to the full antibody. Altogether, the data show that the recombinant Fabs can be produced in E. coli and converted into multimeric variants by MTG-based bioconjugation. Similar approaches are extendable to the introduction of cytotoxic payloads for the generation of novel Antibody Drug Conjugates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Luisa Calvanese
- Dipartimento di Farmacia and CIRPeB, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Lucia Falcigno
- Dipartimento di Farmacia and CIRPeB, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | | | | | - Sandro De Falco
- Istituto di Genetica e Biofisica - CNR, Napoli, Italy; Anbition srl, Napoli, Italy
| | - Annalia Focà
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini - CNR, Napoli, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Menotti Ruvo
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini - CNR, Napoli, Italy; Anbition srl, Napoli, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
Li W, Schäfer A, Kulkarni SS, Liu X, Martinez DR, Chen C, Sun Z, Leist SR, Drelich A, Zhang L, Ura ML, Berezuk A, Chittori S, Leopold K, Mannar D, Srivastava SS, Zhu X, Peterson EC, Tseng CT, Mellors JW, Falzarano D, Subramaniam S, Baric RS, Dimitrov DS. High Potency of a Bivalent Human V H Domain in SARS-CoV-2 Animal Models. Cell 2020; 183:429-441.e16. [PMID: 32941803 PMCID: PMC7473018 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Novel COVID-19 therapeutics are urgently needed. We generated a phage-displayed human antibody VH domain library from which we identified a high-affinity VH binder ab8. Bivalent VH, VH-Fc ab8, bound with high avidity to membrane-associated S glycoprotein and to mutants found in patients. It potently neutralized mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 in wild-type mice at a dose as low as 2 mg/kg and exhibited high prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy in a hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection, possibly enhanced by its relatively small size. Electron microscopy combined with scanning mutagenesis identified ab8 interactions with all three S protomers and showed how ab8 neutralized the virus by directly interfering with ACE2 binding. VH-Fc ab8 did not aggregate and did not bind to 5,300 human membrane-associated proteins. The potent neutralization activity of VH-Fc ab8 combined with good developability properties and cross-reactivity to SARS-CoV-2 mutants provide a strong rationale for its evaluation as a COVID-19 therapeutic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, 3550 Terrace St., Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
| | - Alexandra Schäfer
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, 3109 Michael Hooker Research Center, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Swarali S Kulkarni
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre, and the Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, 117 Veterinary Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - Xianglei Liu
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, 3550 Terrace St., Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - David R Martinez
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, 3109 Michael Hooker Research Center, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Chuan Chen
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, 3550 Terrace St., Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Zehua Sun
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, 3550 Terrace St., Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Sarah R Leist
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, 3109 Michael Hooker Research Center, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Aleksandra Drelich
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Centers for Biodefense and Emerging Diseases, Galveston National Laboratory, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Liyong Zhang
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, 3550 Terrace St., Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Marcin L Ura
- Abound Bio, 1401 Forbes Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Alison Berezuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Life Sciences Centre, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Sagar Chittori
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Life Sciences Centre, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Karoline Leopold
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Life Sciences Centre, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Dhiraj Mannar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Life Sciences Centre, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Shanti S Srivastava
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Life Sciences Centre, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Xing Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Life Sciences Centre, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | | | - Chien-Te Tseng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Centers for Biodefense and Emerging Diseases, Galveston National Laboratory, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - John W Mellors
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, 3550 Terrace St., Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Abound Bio, 1401 Forbes Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Darryl Falzarano
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre, and the Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, 117 Veterinary Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - Sriram Subramaniam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Life Sciences Centre, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Ralph S Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, 3109 Michael Hooker Research Center, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Dimiter S Dimitrov
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, 3550 Terrace St., Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Abound Bio, 1401 Forbes Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
109
|
Randárová E, Kudláčová J, Etrych T. HPMA copolymer-antibody constructs in neoplastic treatment: an overview of therapeutics, targeted diagnostics, and drug-free systems. J Control Release 2020; 325:304-322. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
110
|
MacNeil T, Vathiotis IA, Martinez-Morilla S, Yaghoobi V, Zugazagoitia J, Liu Y, Rimm DL. Antibody validation for protein expression on tissue slides: a protocol for immunohistochemistry. Biotechniques 2020; 69:460-468. [PMID: 32852223 PMCID: PMC7807291 DOI: 10.2144/btn-2020-0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies play a crucial role in basic research and clinical decision-making. However, there are no standardized algorithms or guidelines to ensure their accuracy and validity. There have been efforts to generate consensus, but, with the exception of clinical labs, antibody validation remains variable in the literature and sometimes in clinical practice. Here we focus on immunohistochemistry, an example of a scientific and clinical tool where validation of antibodies is critical. We describe a protocol that we use to validate antibodies specifically for immunohistochemistry, including some of the pillars of antibody validation from Uhlen et al. 2016, as an example of a rigorous approach to build antibody-based tests for both basic and translational science labs and for the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler MacNeil
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | | | | | - Vesal Yaghoobi
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Jon Zugazagoitia
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Yuting Liu
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - David L Rimm
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| |
Collapse
|
111
|
Rosenfeld L, Sananes A, Zur Y, Cohen S, Dhara K, Gelkop S, Ben Zeev E, Shahar A, Lobel L, Akabayov B, Arbely E, Papo N. Nanobodies Targeting Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen for the Imaging and Therapy of Prostate Cancer. J Med Chem 2020; 63:7601-7615. [PMID: 32442375 PMCID: PMC7383930 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The repertoire of
methods for the detection and chemotherapeutic
treatment of prostate cancer (PCa) is currently limited. Prostate-specific
membrane antigen (PSMA) is overexpressed in PCa tumors and can be
exploited for both imaging and drug delivery. We developed and characterized
four nanobodies that present tight and specific binding and internalization
into PSMA+ cells and that accumulate specifically in PSMA+ tumors. We then conjugated one of these nanobodies to the
cytotoxic drug doxorubicin, and we show that the conjugate internalizes
specifically into PSMA+ cells, where the drug is released
and induces cytotoxic activity. In vivo studies show
that the extent of tumor growth inhibition is similar when mice are
treated with commercial doxorubicin and with a 42-fold lower amount
of the nanobody-conjugated doxorubicin, attesting to the efficacy
of the conjugated drug. These data highlight nanobodies as promising
agents for the imaging of PCa tumors and for the targeted delivery
of chemotherapeutic drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lior Rosenfeld
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering and the National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Amiram Sananes
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering and the National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Yuval Zur
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering and the National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Shira Cohen
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Kalyan Dhara
- Department of Chemistry and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Sigal Gelkop
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Efrat Ben Zeev
- The Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Anat Shahar
- The National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Leslie Lobel
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Barak Akabayov
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Eyal Arbely
- Department of Chemistry and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Niv Papo
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering and the National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
112
|
Sadighbayan D, Tohidkia MR, Mehdipour T, Hasanzadeh M, Yari Khosroushahi A. Bio-assay of the non-amidated progastrin-derived peptide (G17-Gly) using the tailor-made recombinant antibody fragment and phage display method: a biomedical analysis. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 12:2735-2746. [PMID: 32930305 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay00627k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this research, four novel and sensitive immunosensors for electrochemical determination of G17-Gly were designed based on signal amplification and tailor-made recombinant antibody technology. Anti-G17-Gly antibody fragments (i.e. scFv and VL specific to the N- and C-terminal of G17-Gly) were immobilized onto a polymeric nanocomposite comprising poly cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (P(CTAB)) as the conductive matrix, chitosan (CS) as a biocompatible agent and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as the signal amplification element. The high surface area provided by AuNPs and the small size of scFv/VL establish the basis for immobilizing a high amount of the anti-G17-Gly on the surface of the electrode for detecting G17-Gly in human plasma samples. Under optimal conditions, the designed immunosensors provide an excellent analytical capability for detecting and determining G17-Gly in human plasma samples with a linear range from 0.5 mM to 0.05 pM and a LLOQ of 0.05 pM. The sensitivity order of the immunosensors was Ag/2-mercaptoethanol/phage displaying scFv/P(CTAB-CS)-AuNP/GE, Ag/2-mercaptoethanol/phage displaying VL/P(CTAB-CS)-AuNP/GE, Ag/BSA/scFv/P(CTAB-CS)-AuNP/GE, and Ag/BSA/VL/P(CTAB-CS)-AuNP/GE. The aforementioned characteristics demonstrate that the proposed immune-devices can be used in biological and clinical diagnosis as reliable tools for identifying different oncobiomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Sadighbayan
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah Street, P.O.Box 51548-53431, Tabriz, Iran.
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Tohidkia
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Tayebeh Mehdipour
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hasanzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Food and Drug Safety Research Canter, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Yari Khosroushahi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah Street, P.O.Box 51548-53431, Tabriz, Iran.
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
113
|
Cho SY, Han J, Cha SH, Yoon SI. Structural basis of serum albumin recognition by SL335, an antibody Fab extending the serum half-life of protein therapeutics. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 526:941-946. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.03.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
114
|
Riaño-Umbarila L, Rojas-Trejo VM, Romero-Moreno JA, Costas M, Utrera-Espíndola I, Olamendi-Portugal T, Possani LD, Becerril B. Comparative assessment of the VH-VL and VL-VH orientations of single-chain variable fragments of scorpion toxin-neutralizing antibodies. Mol Immunol 2020; 122:141-147. [PMID: 32361416 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the effect of the change in the orientation of the VH-VL variable domains to VL-VH on the physicochemical and functional properties of two scorpion toxin-neutralizing scFvs. The results showed that the level of expression of proteins obtained from the periplasm of E. coli is the factor mainly affected, either with an increase or decrease in the amount of protein recovered. Likewise, the functional recognition activity in the presence of a denaturing agent showed slight variations in the two orientations. In contrast, recognition and biological activity (neutralizing capacity) are maintained. At the interaction level, the change marginally modified the kinetic association and dissociation constants without significantly modifying the value of the affinity constants. Similarly, it was observed that the thermodynamic stability of the proteins did not show significant variations either. These results contrast with some reports of the effect of changing the orientation of domains, suggesting that it is not possible to predict which orientation of the variable domains of an scFv is more favorable or if they are equivalent, as in the case of scFvs previously matured by directed evolution techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Riaño-Umbarila
- Cátedra CONACYT, Instituto de Biotecnología-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62250, Mexico.
| | - Vianey Margarita Rojas-Trejo
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, UNAM, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62250, Mexico
| | - José Alberto Romero-Moreno
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, UNAM, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62250, Mexico
| | - Miguel Costas
- Laboratorio de Bio-Fisicoquímica, Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Química, Cd. Universitaria, UNAM, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico
| | - Irving Utrera-Espíndola
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, UNAM, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62250, Mexico
| | - Timoteo Olamendi-Portugal
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, UNAM, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62250, Mexico
| | - Lourival D Possani
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, UNAM, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62250, Mexico
| | - Baltazar Becerril
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, UNAM, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62250, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
115
|
Tang Z, Liu X, Su B, Chen Q, Cao H, Yun Y, Xu Y, Hammock BD. Ultrasensitive and rapid detection of ochratoxin A in agro-products by a nanobody-mediated FRET-based immunosensor. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 387:121678. [PMID: 31753666 PMCID: PMC7990105 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a major concern for public health and the rapid detection of trace OTA in food is always a challenge. To minimize OTA exposure to consumers, a nanobody (Nb)-mediated förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based immunosensor using quantum dots (Nb-FRET immunosensor) was proposed for ultrasensitive, single-step and competitive detection of OTA in agro-products at present work. QDs of two sizes were covalently labeled with OTA and Nb, acting as the energy donor and acceptor, respectively. The free OTA competed with the donor to bind to acceptor, thus the FRET efficiency increased with the decrease of OTA concentration. The single-step assay could be finished in 5 min with a limit of detection of 5 pg/mL, which was attributed to the small size of Nb for shortening the effective FRET distance and improving the FRET efficiency. The Nb-FRET immunosensor exhibited high selectivity for OTA. Moreover, acceptable accuracy and precision were obtained in the analysis of cereals and confirmed by the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Thus the developed Nb-FRET immunosensor was demonstrated to be an efficient tool for ultrasensitive and rapid detection of OTA in cereals and provides a detection model for other toxic small molecules in food and environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zongwen Tang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, 58 Renmin Avenue, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Xing Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, 58 Renmin Avenue, Haikou 570228, PR China.
| | - Benchao Su
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, 58 Renmin Avenue, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Qi Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, 58 Renmin Avenue, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Hongmei Cao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, 58 Renmin Avenue, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Yonghuan Yun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, 58 Renmin Avenue, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Yang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, 330047, PR China
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, United States
| |
Collapse
|
116
|
Ferreira CA, Ehlerding EB, Rosenkrans ZT, Jiang D, Sun T, Aluicio-Sarduy E, Engle JW, Ni D, Cai W. 86/90Y-Labeled Monoclonal Antibody Targeting Tissue Factor for Pancreatic Cancer Theranostics. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:1697-1705. [PMID: 32202792 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is highly aggressive, with a median survival time of less than 6 months and a 5-year overall survival rate of around 7%. The poor prognosis of PaCa is largely due to its advanced stage at diagnosis and the lack of efficient therapeutic options. Thus, the development of an efficient, multifunctional PaCa theranostic system is urgently needed. Overexpression of tissue factor (TF) has been associated with increased tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis in many malignancies, including pancreatic cancer. Herein, we propose the use of a TF-targeted monoclonal antibody (ALT836) conjugated with the pair 86/90Y as a theranostic agent against pancreatic cancer. For methods, serial PET imaging with 86Y-DTPA-ALT836 was conducted to map the biodistribution the tracer in BXPC-3 tumor-bearing mice. 90Y-DTPA-ALT836 was employed as a therapeutic agent that also allowed tumor burden monitoring through Cherenkov luminescence imaging. The results were that the uptake of 86Y-DTPA-ALT836 in BXPC-3 xenograft tumors was high and increased over time up to 48 h postinjection (p.i.), corroborated through ex vivo biodistribution studies and further confirmed by Cherenkov luminescence Imaging. In therapeutic studies, 90Y-DTPA-ALT836 was found to slow tumor growth relative to the control groups and had significantly smaller (p < 0.05) tumor volumes 1 day p.i. Histological analysis of ex vivo tissues revealed significant damage to the treated tumors. The conclusion is that the use of the 86/90Y theranostic pair allows PET imaging with excellent tumor-to-background contrast and treatment of TF-expressing pancreatic tumors with promising therapeutic outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina A Ferreira
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Emily B Ehlerding
- Department of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Zachary T Rosenkrans
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Dawei Jiang
- Department of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Tuanwei Sun
- Department of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Eduardo Aluicio-Sarduy
- Department of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Jonathan W Engle
- Department of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Dalong Ni
- Department of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Weibo Cai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States.,Department of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| |
Collapse
|
117
|
Doti N, Caporale A, Monti A, Sandomenico A, Selis F, Ruvo M. A recent update on the use of microbial transglutaminase for the generation of biotherapeutics. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 36:53. [PMID: 32172335 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-020-02829-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The recent scientific progresses on the use of enzyme-mediated reactions in organic, non-aqueous and aqueous media have significantly supported the growing demand of new biotechnological and/or pharmacological products. Today, a plethora of microbial enzymes, used as biocatalysts, are available. Among these, microbial transglutaminases (MTGs) are broadly used for their ability to catalyse the formation of an isopeptide bond between the γ-amide group of glutamines and the ε-amino group of lysine. Due to their promiscuity towards primary amine-containing substrates and the more stringent specificity for glutamine-containing peptide sequences, several combined approaches can be tailored for different settings, making MTGs very attractive catalysts for generating protein-protein and protein small molecule's conjugates. The present review offers a recent update on the modifications attainable by MTG-catalysed bioreactions as reported between 2014 and 2019. In particular, we present a detailed and comparative overview on the MTG-based methods for proteins and antibodies engineering, with a particular outlook on the synthesis of homogeneous antibody-drug conjugates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Doti
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, CNR (IBB-CNR), Via Mezzocannone, 16, 80134, Naples, Italy.
| | - A Caporale
- Institute of Crystallography, CNR (IC-CNR), c/o Area Science Park s.s. 14 Km 163.5, Basovizza, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alessandra Monti
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, CNR (IBB-CNR), Via Mezzocannone, 16, 80134, Naples, Italy.,Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABIF), University L. Vanvitelli, Via Vivaldi, 43, 80100, Caserta, Italy
| | - A Sandomenico
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, CNR (IBB-CNR), Via Mezzocannone, 16, 80134, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabio Selis
- BioVIIIx R&D, Via B. Brin, 59C, 80142, Naples, Italy
| | - M Ruvo
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, CNR (IBB-CNR), Via Mezzocannone, 16, 80134, Naples, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
118
|
Hamzeh-Mivehroud M, Baghal Safarizad A, Dastmalchi S. Simulation-Based Engineering of Humanized Scfv Antibody against hTNF-α. PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.34172/ps.2019.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
: Uncontrolled activity of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) as pro-inflammatory cytokine has been linked with pathogenesis of autoimmune/inflammatory diseases. Therefore, modulating of TNF-α associated biological pathways is a promising strategy for alleviating of such diseases. In view of this, the use of antibody fragments such as single-chain variable fragments (scFv) in therapeutic applications has been gained much attention in terms of pharmacokinetic as well as production and therapeutic costs. Methods: In the current investigation, the previously designed and humanized hD2 antibody was modeled and docked onto the TNF-α structure. The binding free energy was predicted for the complex of hD2-TNF-α using molecular dynamics calculation followed by per-residue energy decomposition for residues of hD2. In addition in silico mutations of important amino acids at the binding site of enzyme were performed and the binding free energy was calculated for mutant forms of scFv in complex with TNF-α. Results: The analyses of the results proposed Y27F mutation in heavy chain CDR1 of hD2 scFv antibody may be considered as a promising substitution. Conclusion: The results may be used for designing new anti-TNF-α antibody with improved activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Hamzeh-Mivehroud
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ayda Baghal Safarizad
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Siavoush Dastmalchi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
119
|
Anees P, Gauthier MA. Homogenous Scavenging Resolves Low-Purification Yield/Selectivity Caused by Secondary Binding of Protein-A to Antigen-Binding Antibody Fragments. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:825-829. [PMID: 31841628 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b01516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Antigen-binding fragments of antibodies are biotechnologically useful agents for decorating drug delivery systems, for blocking cell-surface receptors in cell culture, for recognizing analytes in biosensors, and potentially as therapeutics. They are typically produced by enzymatic digestion of full antibodies and isolated from the undesirable fragment crystallizable (Fc) by affinity chromatography using Protein-A columns. However, while Protein-A has a strong "classical" interaction with Fc fragments, it can also more weakly bind to an "alternative" site on the heavy chain variable region of antigen-binding fragments. As such, purifying small amounts of antibody fragments by Protein-A chromatography can result in low yield. Moreover, loading larger amounts of antibody fragments onto a Protein-A column can result in poor separation, because of competition of Fc and antigen-binding fragments for immobilized Protein-A. This study demonstrates that Protein-A-based homogeneous scavenging resolves this issue by precisely controlling the stoichiometry of Protein-A to Fc fragments, something that is not possible for conventional flow-type systems, such as affinity chromatography.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Palapuravan Anees
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), EMT Research Center , 1650 boul. Lionel-Boulet , Varennes , J3X 1S2 , Canada
| | - Marc A Gauthier
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), EMT Research Center , 1650 boul. Lionel-Boulet , Varennes , J3X 1S2 , Canada
| |
Collapse
|
120
|
Li Y, Cong H, Wang S, Yu B, Shen Y. Liposomes modified with bio-substances for cancer treatment. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:6442-6468. [DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01531h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, liposomes have been used in the field of biomedicine and have achieved many significant results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Li
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University
- Qingdao University
| | - Hailin Cong
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University
- Qingdao University
| | - Song Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University
- Qingdao University
| | - Bing Yu
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University
- Qingdao University
| | - Youqing Shen
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University
- Qingdao University
| |
Collapse
|
121
|
Piazza RM, Caetano BA, Henrique CP, Luz D, Munhoz DD, Polatto JM, Rocha LB, Silva MA, Mitsunari T. Immunological tests for diarrhoea caused by diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli targeting their main virulence factors. J Microbiol Methods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mim.2019.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
122
|
Hayat SMG, Sahebkar A. Antibody-drug conjugates: smart weapons against cancer. Arch Med Sci 2020; 16:1257-1262. [PMID: 32864020 PMCID: PMC7444717 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2019.83020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mohammad Gheibi Hayat
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science, Yazd, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
123
|
Abstract
In vertebrates, immunoglobulins (Igs), commonly known as antibodies, play an integral role in the armamentarium of immune defense against various pathogens. After an antigenic challenge, antibodies are secreted by differentiated B cells called plasma cells. Antibodies have two predominant roles that involve specific binding to antigens to launch an immune response, along with activation of other components of the immune system to fight pathogens. The ability of immunoglobulins to fight against innumerable and diverse pathogens lies in their intrinsic ability to discriminate between different antigens. Due to this specificity and high affinity for their antigens, antibodies have been a valuable and indispensable tool in research, diagnostics and therapy. Although seemingly a simple maneuver, the association between an antibody and its antigen, to make an antigen-antibody complex, is comprised of myriads of non-covalent interactions. Amino acid residues on the antigen binding site, the epitope, and on the antibody binding site, the paratope, intimately contribute to the energetics needed for the antigen-antibody complex stability. Structural biology methods to study antigen-antibody complexes are extremely valuable tools to visualize antigen-antibody interactions in detail; this helps to elucidate the basis of molecular recognition between an antibody and its specific antigen. The main scope of this chapter is to discuss the structure and function of different classes of antibodies and the various aspects of antigen-antibody interactions including antigen-antibody interfaces-with a special focus on paratopes, complementarity determining regions (CDRs) and other non-CDR residues important for antigen binding and recognition. Herein, we also discuss methods used to study antigen-antibody complexes, antigen recognition by antibodies, types of antigens in complexes, and how antigen-antibody complexes play a role in modern day medicine and human health. Understanding the molecular basis of antigen binding and recognition by antibodies helps to facilitate the production of better and more potent antibodies for immunotherapy, vaccines and various other applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Brenda Kapingidza
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Krzysztof Kowal
- Department of Allergology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
- Department of Experimental Allergology and Immunology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Maksymilian Chruszcz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
124
|
Sanaei M, Setayesh N, Sepehrizadeh Z, Mahdavi M, Yazdi MH. Nanobodies in Human Infections: Prevention, Detection, and Treatment. Immunol Invest 2019; 49:875-896. [PMID: 31856615 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2019.1688828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite the existence of vaccination, antibiotic therapy, and antibody therapies, infectious diseases still remain as one of the biggest challenges to human health all over the world. Among the different methods for treatment and prevention of infectious diseases, antibodies are well known but poorly developed. There is a new subclass of antibodies calledheavy-chain antibodies that belong to the IgG isotype. However, they are low in molecular weight and lost the first constant domain (CH1). Their single-domain antigen-binding fragments, identified as nanobodies, have unique characteristics, which make them superior in comparison with the conventional antibodies. Low molecular weight and small size, high stability and solubility, ease of expression, good tissue penetration, and low-cost production make nanobodies an appropriate alternative to use against infectious disease. In this research, we review the properties of nanobodies and their potential applications in controlling human infections and inflammations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Sanaei
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Biotechnology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Setayesh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Biotechnology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Zargham Sepehrizadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Biotechnology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mahdavi
- Recombinant Vaccine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Yazdi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran.,Recombinant Vaccine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
125
|
Alterio V, Kellner M, Esposito D, Liesche-Starnecker F, Bua S, Supuran CT, Monti SM, Zeidler R, De Simone G. Biochemical and Structural Insights into Carbonic Anhydrase XII/Fab6A10 Complex. J Mol Biol 2019; 431:4910-4921. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
126
|
Kim B, Park JH, Sailor MJ. Rekindling RNAi Therapy: Materials Design Requirements for In Vivo siRNA Delivery. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1903637. [PMID: 31566258 PMCID: PMC6891135 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201903637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
With the recent FDA approval of the first siRNA-derived therapeutic, RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated gene therapy is undergoing a transition from research to the clinical space. The primary obstacle to realization of RNAi therapy has been the delivery of oligonucleotide payloads. Therefore, the main aims is to identify and describe key design features needed for nanoscale vehicles to achieve effective delivery of siRNA-mediated gene silencing agents in vivo. The problem is broken into three elements: 1) protection of siRNA from degradation and clearance; 2) selective homing to target cell types; and 3) cytoplasmic release of the siRNA payload by escaping or bypassing endocytic uptake. The in vitro and in vivo gene silencing efficiency values that have been reported in publications over the past decade are quantitatively summarized by material type (lipid, polymer, metal, mesoporous silica, and porous silicon), and the overall trends in research publication and in clinical translation are discussed to reflect on the direction of the RNAi therapeutics field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Byungji Kim
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Ji-Ho Park
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Michael J Sailor
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| |
Collapse
|
127
|
Madani F, Hsein H, Busignies V, Tchoreloff P. An overview on dosage forms and formulation strategies for vaccines and antibodies oral delivery. Pharm Dev Technol 2019; 25:133-148. [DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2019.1689402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
128
|
Karadag M, Arslan M, Kaleli NE, Kalyoncu S. Physicochemical determinants of antibody-protein interactions. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2019; 121:85-114. [PMID: 32312427 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2019.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Antibodies are specialized proteins generated by immune system for high specificity and affinity binding to target antigens. Because of their essential roles in immune system, antibodies have been successfully developed and engineered as biopharmaceuticals for treatment of various diseases. Analysis of antibody-protein interactions is always required to get detailed information on effectivity of such antibody-based therapeutics. Although physicochemical rules cannot be generalized for every antibody-protein interaction, there are some features which should be taken into account during antibody development and engineering efforts. In this chapter, physicochemical analysis of antibody paratope-protein epitope interactions will be discussed to highlight important characteristics. First, paratope and non-paratope regions of antibodies will be described and important roles of these regions on binding and biophysical features of antibodies will be discussed. Then, general features of epitope regions of protein antigens will be introduced along with several computational/experimental tools to identify them. Lastly, a rising star of antibody biopharmaceuticals, nanobodies, will be described to show importance of next-generation antibody fragment based biopharmaceuticals in drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Murat Karadag
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, İzmir, Turkey; Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Merve Arslan
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, İzmir, Turkey; Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Nazli Eda Kaleli
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, İzmir, Turkey; Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, İzmir, Turkey
| | | |
Collapse
|
129
|
Ghotloo S, Amiri MM, Khoshnoodi J, Abbasi E, Jeddi-Tehrani M, Golsaz-Shirazi F, Shokri F. Contribution of Fc fragment of monoclonal antibodies to tetanus toxin neutralization. Neurotox Res 2019; 37:578-586. [PMID: 31721050 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-019-00124-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against neurotoxin of Clostridium tetani are considered as a novel source of immunoglobulins for passive immunotherapy of tetanus. Toxin neutralization is classically attributed to the Fab and F(ab')2 fragments of antibodies. Herein, we generated Fab and F(ab')2 fragments of three toxin neutralizing mouse MAbs and compared their neutralizing activities to those of their intact molecules. METHODS Fab and F (ab')2 fragments of the antibodies were generated by papain and pepsin digestions, respectively, and their toxin neutralizing activities were compared with those of the intact antibodies in an in vivo toxin neutralization assay. RESULTS While low doses of the intact MAbs were able to fully protect the mice against tetanus toxin, none of the mice which received Fab or F(ab')2 fragments survived until day 14, even at the highest administered dose. All mice receiving human polyclonal anti-tetanus immunoglobulin or their fragments were fully protected. CONCLUSION Reduction in toxin neutralization activities of Fab and F(ab')2 fragments of our MAbs seems to be influenced by their Fc regions. Steric hindrance of the Fc region on the receptor-binding site of the toxin may explain the stronger neutralization of the toxin by the intact MAbs in comparison to their fragments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Ghotloo
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Amiri
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jalal Khoshnoodi
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Abbasi
- Department of Bacterial Vaccines, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mahmood Jeddi-Tehrani
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Forough Golsaz-Shirazi
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fazel Shokri
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
130
|
A microbial expression system for high-level production of scFv HIV-neutralizing antibody fragments in Escherichia coli. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:8875-8888. [PMID: 31641814 PMCID: PMC6851033 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10145-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mABs) are of great biopharmaceutical importance for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. However, their production in mammalian expression hosts usually requires extensive production times and is expensive. Escherichia coli has become a new platform for production of functional small antibody fragment variants. In this study, we have used a rhamnose-inducible expression system that allows precise control of protein expression levels. The system was first evaluated for the cytoplasmic production of super folder green fluorescence protein (sfGFP) in various production platforms and then for the periplasmic production of the anti-HIV single-chain variable antibody fragment (scFv) of PGT135. Anti-HIV broadly neutralizing antibodies, like PGT135, have potential for clinical use to prevent HIV transmission, to promote immune responses and to eradicate infected cells. Different concentrations of L-rhamnose resulted in the controlled production of both sfGFP and scFv PGT135 antibody. In addition, by optimizing the culture conditions, the amount of scFv PGT135 antibody that was expressed soluble or as inclusions bodies could be modulated. The proteins were produced in batch bioreactors, with yields of 4.9 g/L for sfGFP and 0.8 g/L for scFv. The functionality of the purified antibodies was demonstrated by their ability to neutralize a panel of different HIV variants in vitro. We expect that this expression system will prove very useful for the development of a more cost-effective production process for proteins and antibody fragments in microbial cells.
Collapse
|
131
|
Teng Y, Young JL, Edwards B, Hayes P, Thompson L, Johnston C, Edwards C, Sanders Y, Writer M, Pinto D, Zhang Y, Roode M, Chovanec P, Matheson L, Corcoran AE, Fernandez A, Montoliu L, Rossi B, Tosato V, Gjuracic K, Nikitin D, Bruschi C, McGuinness B, Sandal T, Romanos M. Diverse human V H antibody fragments with bio-therapeutic properties from the Crescendo Mouse. N Biotechnol 2019; 55:65-76. [PMID: 31600579 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2019.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We describe the 'Crescendo Mouse', a human VH transgenic platform combining an engineered heavy chain locus with diverse human heavy chain V, D and J genes, a modified mouse Cγ1 gene and complete 3' regulatory region, in a triple knock-out (TKO) mouse background devoid of endogenous immunoglobulin expression. The addition of the engineered heavy chain locus to the TKO mouse restored B cell development, giving rise to functional B cells that responded to immunization with a diverse response that comprised entirely 'heavy chain only' antibodies. Heavy chain variable (VH) domain libraries were rapidly mined using phage display technology, yielding diverse high-affinity human VH that had undergone somatic hypermutation, lacked aggregation and showed enhanced expression in E. coli. The Crescendo Mouse produces human VH fragments, or Humabody® VH, with excellent bio-therapeutic potential, as exemplified here by the generation of antagonistic Humabody® VH specific for human IL17A and IL17RA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yumin Teng
- Crescendo Biologics Ltd, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK.
| | - Joyce L Young
- Crescendo Biologics Ltd, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Bryan Edwards
- Crescendo Biologics Ltd, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Philip Hayes
- Crescendo Biologics Ltd, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Lorraine Thompson
- Crescendo Biologics Ltd, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Colette Johnston
- Crescendo Biologics Ltd, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Carolyn Edwards
- Crescendo Biologics Ltd, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Yun Sanders
- Crescendo Biologics Ltd, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Michele Writer
- Crescendo Biologics Ltd, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Debora Pinto
- Crescendo Biologics Ltd, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Yanjing Zhang
- Crescendo Biologics Ltd, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Mila Roode
- Crescendo Biologics Ltd, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Peter Chovanec
- Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Louise Matheson
- Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Anne E Corcoran
- Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Almudena Fernandez
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia (CNB-CSIC) & CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER-ISCIII), Darwin 3, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lluis Montoliu
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia (CNB-CSIC) & CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER-ISCIII), Darwin 3, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatrice Rossi
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Yeast Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Padriciano 99, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Valentina Tosato
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Yeast Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Padriciano 99, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Kresimir Gjuracic
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Yeast Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Padriciano 99, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Dmitri Nikitin
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Yeast Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Padriciano 99, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Carlo Bruschi
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Yeast Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Padriciano 99, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Brian McGuinness
- Crescendo Biologics Ltd, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Thomas Sandal
- Crescendo Biologics Ltd, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Mike Romanos
- Crescendo Biologics Ltd, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
132
|
Rafique A, Satake K, Kishimoto S, Hasan Khan K, Kato DI, Ito Y. Efficient Screening and Design of Variable Domain of Heavy Chain Antibody Ligands Through High Throughput Sequencing for Affinity Chromatography to Purify Fab Fragments. Monoclon Antib Immunodiagn Immunother 2019; 38:190-200. [DOI: 10.1089/mab.2019.0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Abdur Rafique
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kiriko Satake
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kishimoto
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kamrul Hasan Khan
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Dai-ichiro Kato
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yuji Ito
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
133
|
pH conditioning is a crucial step in primary recovery - A case study for a recombinant Fab from E. coli. Protein Expr Purif 2019; 165:105504. [PMID: 31560987 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2019.105504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Primary recovery of recombinant proteins from E. coli often describes a major challenge in downstream processing. After product release, the target protein usually accounts for only a small amount of total protein and has to be separated from a complex mixture of host cell proteins (HCPs) and non-proteinogenic impurities, such as DNA and lipids. Non-optimized procedures as well as unfavorable conditions at the extraction step and conditioning cause significant product loss already prior capture. In this study, we investigated pH conditioning during primary recovery for a subsequent cation exchange chromatography (CEX)-based capture of a recombinant Fab produced in E. coli. We showed that pH ≤ 5.0, which is necessary for CEX, led to high product loss due to protein precipitation during cell disruption and pH conditioning. Thus, we developed a procedure that resulted in a 25% increased Fab recovery prior capture based on simple re-arrangement of process steps and the use of a low-cost stabilizing agent. Summarizing, we show the huge potential for simple and cheap improvement of overall downstream process recovery by optimization of pH conditioning during primary product recovery.
Collapse
|
134
|
Alizadeha AA, Hamzeh-Mivehroud M, Haddad E, Haddad N, Sharifi M, Mohammadi S, Pourtaghi-Anvarian S, Dastmalchi S. Characterization of Novel Fragment Antibodies Against TNF-alpha Isolated Using Phage Display Technique. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2019; 18:759-771. [PMID: 31531059 PMCID: PMC6706722 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2019.1100646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is an inflammatory cytokine which plays crucial roles in pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. The current study aimed to investigate the binding abilities of I44 and I49 domain antibodies to TNF-α. The dAbs were expressed in bacterial expression system and purified by affinity chromatography using Ni-sepharose column. The expression and purity of the proteins were evaluated using western blotting and SDS-PAGE techniques, respectively. ELISA experiment showed that I44 and I49 dAbs bind to TNF-α with the binding constants (Kd) of 5.18 ± 1.41 and 2.42 ± 0.55 µM, respectively. The inhibitory effect of dAbs on TNF-α biological effect was determined in MTT assay in which I44 and I49 prevented TNF-α cell cytotoxicity with IC50 values of 6.61 and 3.64 µM, respectively. The identified anti-TNF-α dAbs could bind to and inhibit TNF-α activity. The dAbs activities can be attributed to their ability to establish hydrogen bonds as well as hydrophobic contacts with TNF-α. The results of the current study can pave the way for further structural studies in order to introduce new more potent anti-TNF-α antibodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Akbar Alizadeha
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,A. A. A. and M. H. M. contributed equally to this work
| | - Maryam Hamzeh-Mivehroud
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,A. A. A. and M. H. M. contributed equally to this work
| | - Elnaz Haddad
- School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nazanin Haddad
- School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Sharifi
- School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Samin Mohammadi
- School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Siavoush Dastmalchi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, POBOX: 99138, Nicosia, North Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
135
|
Farahavar G, Abolmaali SS, Gholijani N, Nejatollahi F. Antibody-guided nanomedicines as novel breakthrough therapeutic, diagnostic and theranostic tools. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:4000-4016. [PMID: 31355391 DOI: 10.1039/c9bm00931k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in nanotechnology, such as the development of various types of nanoparticles and hybrid nanomaterials, have revolutionized nanomedicine. The small size, customizable surface, enhanced solubility, and multi-functionality endow the nanoparticles with an ability to interact with complex cellular and biological functions in new ways. Furthermore, these systems can deliver drugs to specific tissues and provide a targeted therapy. For this purpose, different categories of molecules, particularly antibodies, have been used as ligands. Antibody-conjugated nanomaterials can significantly enhance the efficiency of nanomedicines, especially in the field of cancer. This review is focused on three major medical applications of antibody-conjugated nanomaterials, namely, therapeutic, diagnostic and theranostic applications. To provide comprehensive information on the topic and an overview of these hybrid nanomaterials for biomedical applications, a brief summary of nanomaterials and antibodies is given. Moreover, the review has depicted the potential applications of antibody-conjugated nanomaterials in different fields and their capabilities to empower nanomedicine, particularly in relation to the treatment and detection of malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ghazal Farahavar
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71345, Iran.
| | - Samira Sadat Abolmaali
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Department and Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71345, Iran.
| | - Nasser Gholijani
- Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Foroogh Nejatollahi
- Shiraz HIV/AIDS research center, Institute of health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
136
|
Nascimento A, Mullerpatan A, Azevedo AM, Karande P, Cramer S. Development of phage biopanning strategies to identify affinity peptide ligands for kappa light chain Fab fragments. Biotechnol Prog 2019; 35:e2884. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- André Nascimento
- iBB – Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de Lisboa Lisbon Portugal
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary StudiesRensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy New York
| | - Akshat Mullerpatan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary StudiesRensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy New York
| | - Ana Margarida Azevedo
- iBB – Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de Lisboa Lisbon Portugal
| | - Pankaj Karande
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary StudiesRensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy New York
| | - Steven Cramer
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary StudiesRensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy New York
| |
Collapse
|
137
|
Ulmer N, Ristanovic D, Morbidelli M. Process for Continuous Fab Production by Digestion of IgG. Biotechnol J 2019; 14:e1800677. [PMID: 31169346 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201800677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Intensified processing and end-to-end integrated continuous manufacturing are increasingly being considered in bioprocessing as an alternative to the current batch-based technologies. Similar approaches can also be used at later stages of the production chain, such as in the post-translational modifications that are often considered for therapeutic proteins. In this work, a process to intensify the enzymatic digestion of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and the purification of the resulting Fab fragment is developed. The process consists of the integration of a continuous packed-bed reactor into a multicolumn chromatographic process. The integration is realized through the development of a novel multicolumn countercurrent solvent gradient purification (MCSGP) process, which, by adding a third column to the classical two-column MCSGP process, allows for continuous loading and then straight-through processing of the mixture leaving the reactor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Ulmer
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Bioscience, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dragana Ristanovic
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Bioscience, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Massimo Morbidelli
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Bioscience, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
138
|
Tadokoro T, Jahan ML, Ito Y, Tahara M, Chen S, Imai A, Sugimura N, Yoshida K, Saito M, Ose T, Hashiguchi T, Takeda M, Fukuhara H, Maenaka K. Biophysical characterization and single-chain Fv construction of a neutralizing antibody to measles virus. FEBS J 2019; 287:145-159. [PMID: 31287622 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The measles virus (MV) is a major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality worldwide. We previously established a mouse monoclonal antibody, 2F4, which shows high neutralizing titers against eight different genotypes of MV. However, the molecular basis for the neutralizing activity of the 2F4 antibody remains incompletely understood. Here, we have evaluated the binding characteristics of a Fab fragment of the 2F4 antibody. Using the MV infectious assay, we demonstrated that 2F4 Fab inhibits viral entry via either of two cellular receptors, SLAM and Nectin4. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis of recombinant proteins indicated that 2F4 Fab interacts with MV hemagglutinin (MV-H) with a KD value at the nm level. Furthermore, we designed a single-chain Fv fragment of 2F4 antibody as another potential biopharmaceutical to target measles. The stable 2F4 scFv was successfully prepared by the refolding method and shown to interact with MV-H at the μm level. Like 2F4 Fab, scFv inhibited receptor binding and viral entry. This indicates that 2F4 mAb uses the receptor-binding site and/or a neighboring region as an epitope with high affinity. These results provide insight into the neutralizing activity and potential therapeutic use of antibody fragments for MV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Tadokoro
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mst Lubna Jahan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuri Ito
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Maino Tahara
- Department of Virology 3, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Surui Chen
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Atsutoshi Imai
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Natsumi Sugimura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Koki Yoshida
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mizuki Saito
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toyoyuki Ose
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takao Hashiguchi
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Makoto Takeda
- Department of Virology 3, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideo Fukuhara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Katsumi Maenaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
139
|
Mao C, Qu P, Miley MJ, Zhao Y, Li Z, Ming X. P-glycoprotein targeted photodynamic therapy of chemoresistant tumors using recombinant Fab fragment conjugates. Biomater Sci 2019; 6:3063-3074. [PMID: 30298866 DOI: 10.1039/c8bm00844b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (Pgp) has been considered as a major cause of cancer multidrug resistance; however, clinical solutions to overcome this drug resistance do not exist despite the tremendous endeavors. The lack of cancer specificity is a main reason for clinical failure of conventional approaches. Targeted photodynamic therapy (PDT) is highly cancer specific by combining antibody targeting and locoregional light irradiation. We aimed to develop Pgp-targeted PDT using antibody-photosensitizer conjugates made of a recombinant Fab fragment. We prepared the photosensitizer conjugates by expressing a recombinant Fab fragment and specifically linking IR700-maleimide at the C-terminal of the Fab heavy chain. In vitro studies showed that the Fab conjugates specifically bind to Pgp. Their phototoxicity was comparable to full antibody conjugates when assayed with conventional 2-D cell culture, but they outperformed the full antibody conjugates in a 3-D tumor spheroid model. In a mouse xenograft model of chemoresistant tumors, Fab conjugates showed Pgp specific delivery to chemoresistant tumors. Upon irradiation with near-infrared light, they caused rapid tumor shrinkage and significantly prolonged the survival of tumor-bearing mice. Compared to the full antibody conjugates, Fab conjugates took a shorter time to reach peak tumor levels and achieved a more homogeneous tumor distribution. This allows light irradiation to be initiated at a shorter time interval after the conjugate injection, and thus may facilitate clinical translation. We conclude that our targeted PDT approach provides a highly cancer-specific approach to combat chemoresistant tumors, and that the conjugates made of recombinant antibody fragments are superior to full antibody conjugates for targeted PDT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengqiong Mao
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
140
|
Kumar R, Parray HA, Shrivastava T, Sinha S, Luthra K. Phage display antibody libraries: A robust approach for generation of recombinant human monoclonal antibodies. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 135:907-918. [PMID: 31170490 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and their derivatives have achieved remarkable success as medicine, targeting both diagnostic and therapeutic applications associated with communicable and non-communicable diseases. In the last 3 to 4 decades, tremendous success has been manifested in the field of cancer therapy, autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular and infectious diseases. MAbs are the fastest growing class of biopharmaceuticals, with more than 25 derivatives are in clinical use and 7 of these have been isolated through phage display technology. Phage display technology has gained impetus in the field of medical and health sciences, as a large repertoire of diverse recombinant antibodies, targeting various antigens have been generated in a short span of time. A prominent number of phage display derived antibodies are already approved for therapy and significant numbers are currently in clinical trials. In this review we have discussed the various strategies employed for generation of monoclonal antibodies; their advantages, limitations and potential therapeutic applications. We also discuss the potential of phage display antibody libraries in isolation of monoclonal antibodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India; Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India.
| | - Hilal Ahmed Parray
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Tripti Shrivastava
- Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Subrata Sinha
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Kalpana Luthra
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| |
Collapse
|
141
|
Malde AK, Hill TA, Iyer A, Fairlie DP. Crystal Structures of Protein-Bound Cyclic Peptides. Chem Rev 2019; 119:9861-9914. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alpeshkumar K. Malde
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Timothy A. Hill
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Abishek Iyer
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - David P. Fairlie
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
142
|
Dugel PU, Koh A, Ogura Y, Jaffe GJ, Schmidt-Erfurth U, Brown DM, Gomes AV, Warburton J, Weichselberger A, Holz FG. HAWK and HARRIER: Phase 3, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Masked Trials of Brolucizumab for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Ophthalmology 2019; 127:72-84. [PMID: 30986442 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2019.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 507] [Impact Index Per Article: 101.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Two similarly designed phase 3 trials (HAWK and HARRIER) compared brolucizumab, a single-chain antibody fragment that inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor-A, with aflibercept to treat neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). DESIGN Double-masked, multicenter, active-controlled, randomized trials. PARTICIPANTS Patients (N = 1817) with untreated, active choroidal neovascularization due to age-related macular degeneration in the study eye. INTERVENTION Patients were randomized to intravitreal brolucizumab 3 mg (HAWK only) or 6 mg or aflibercept 2 mg. After loading with 3 monthly injections, brolucizumab-treated eyes received an injection every 12 weeks (q12w) and were interval adjusted to every 8 weeks (q8w) if disease activity was present; aflibercept-treated eyes received q8w dosing. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary hypothesis was noninferiority in mean best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) change from baseline to Week 48 (margin: 4 letters). Other key end points included the percentage of patients who maintained q12w dosing through Week 48 and anatomic outcomes. RESULTS At Week 48, each brolucizumab arm demonstrated noninferiority to aflibercept in BCVA change from baseline (least squares [LS] mean, +6.6 [6 mg] and +6.1 [3 mg] letters with brolucizumab vs. +6.8 letters with aflibercept [HAWK]; +6.9 [brolucizumab 6 mg] vs. +7.6 [aflibercept] letters [HARRIER]; P < 0.001 for each comparison). Greater than 50% of brolucizumab 6 mg-treated eyes were maintained on q12w dosing through Week 48 (56% [HAWK] and 51% [HARRIER]). At Week 16, after identical treatment exposure, fewer brolucizumab 6 mg-treated eyes had disease activity versus aflibercept in HAWK (24.0% vs. 34.5%; P = 0.001) and HARRIER (22.7% vs. 32.2%; P = 0.002). Greater central subfield thickness reductions from baseline to Week 48 were observed with brolucizumab 6 mg versus aflibercept in HAWK (LS mean -172.8 μm vs. -143.7 μm; P = 0.001) and HARRIER (LS mean -193.8 μm vs. -143.9 μm; P < 0.001). Anatomic retinal fluid outcomes favored brolucizumab over aflibercept. Overall, adverse event rates were generally similar with brolucizumab and aflibercept. CONCLUSIONS Brolucizumab was noninferior to aflibercept in visual function at Week 48, and >50% of brolucizumab 6 mg-treated eyes were maintained on q12w dosing interval through Week 48. Anatomic outcomes favored brolucizumab over aflibercept. Overall safety with brolucizumab was similar to aflibercept (ClinicalTrials.gov; NCT02307682, NCT02434328).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pravin U Dugel
- Retinal Consultants of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
| | | | - Yuichiro Ogura
- Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
143
|
Bates A, Power CA. David vs. Goliath: The Structure, Function, and Clinical Prospects of Antibody Fragments. Antibodies (Basel) 2019; 8:E28. [PMID: 31544834 PMCID: PMC6640713 DOI: 10.3390/antib8020028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the licensing of the first monoclonal antibody therapy in 1986, monoclonal antibodies have become the largest class of biopharmaceuticals with over 80 antibodies currently approved for a variety of disease indications. The development of smaller, antigen binding antibody fragments, derived from conventional antibodies or produced recombinantly, has been growing at a fast pace. Antibody fragments can be used on their own or linked to other molecules to generate numerous possibilities for bispecific, multi-specific, multimeric, or multifunctional molecules, and to achieve a variety of biological effects. They offer several advantages over full-length monoclonal antibodies, particularly a lower cost of goods, and because of their small size they can penetrate tissues, access challenging epitopes, and have potentially reduced immunogenicity. In this review, we will discuss the structure, production, and mechanism of action of EMA/FDA-approved fragments and of those in clinical and pre-clinical development. We will also discuss current topics of interest surrounding the potential use of antibody fragments for intracellular targeting and blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Bates
- Biopharm Molecular Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, UK.
| | - Christine A Power
- Biopharm Molecular Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
144
|
Li Q, Barrett A, Vijayakrishnan B, Tiberghien A, Beard R, Rickert KW, Allen KL, Christie RJ, Marelli M, Harper J, Howard P, Wu H, Dall'Acqua WF, Tsui P, Gao C, Borrok MJ. Improved Inhibition of Tumor Growth by Diabody-Drug Conjugates via Half-Life Extension. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:1232-1243. [PMID: 30912649 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Despite some clinical success with antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) in patients with solid tumors and hematological malignancies, improvements in ADC design are still desirable due to the narrow therapeutic window of these compounds. Tumor-targeting antibody fragments have distinct advantages over monoclonal antibodies, including more rapid tumor accumulation and enhanced penetration, but are subject to rapid clearance. Half-life extension technologies such as PEGylation and albumin-binding domains (ABDs) have been widely used to improve the pharmacokinetics of many different types of biologics. PEGylation improves pharmacokinetics by increasing hydrodynamic size to reduce renal clearance, whereas ABDs extend half-life via FcRn-mediated recycling. In this study, we used an anti-oncofetal antigen 5T4 diabody conjugated with a highly potent cytotoxic pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) warhead to assess and compare the effects of PEGylation and albumin binding on the in vivo efficacy of antibody fragment drug conjugates. Conjugation of 2× PEG20K to a diabody improved half-life from 40 min to 33 h, and an ABD-diabody fusion protein exhibited a half-life of 45 h in mice. In a xenograft model of breast cancer MDA-MB-436, the ABD-diabody-PBD showed greater tumor growth suppression and better tolerability than either PEG-diabody-PBD or diabody-PBD. These results suggest that the mechanism of half-life extension is an important consideration for designing cytotoxic antitumor agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rhiannon Beard
- Spirogen , 42 New Road , E1 2AX , London , United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Philip Howard
- Spirogen , 42 New Road , E1 2AX , London , United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
145
|
Kholodenko RV, Kalinovsky DV, Doronin II, Ponomarev ED, Kholodenko IV. Antibody Fragments as Potential Biopharmaceuticals for Cancer Therapy: Success and Limitations. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:396-426. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666170817152554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are an important class of therapeutic agents approved for the therapy of many types of malignancies. However, in certain cases applications of conventional mAbs have several limitations in anticancer immunotherapy. These limitations include insufficient efficacy and adverse effects. The antigen-binding fragments of antibodies have a considerable potential to overcome the disadvantages of conventional mAbs, such as poor penetration into solid tumors and Fc-mediated bystander activation of the immune system. Fragments of antibodies retain antigen specificity and part of functional properties of conventional mAbs and at the same time have much better penetration into the tumors and a greatly reduced level of adverse effects. Recent advantages in antibody engineering allowed to produce different types of antibody fragments with improved structure and properties for efficient elimination of tumor cells. These molecules opened up new perspectives for anticancer therapy. Here, we will overview the structural features of the various types of antibody fragments and their applications for anticancer therapy as separate molecules and as part of complex conjugates or structures. Mechanisms of antitumor action of antibody fragments as well as their advantages and disadvantages for clinical application will be discussed in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roman V. Kholodenko
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho- Maklaya St., 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Daniel V. Kalinovsky
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho- Maklaya St., 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Igor I. Doronin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho- Maklaya St., 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Eugene D. Ponomarev
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Brain, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin NT, Hong Kong
| | - Irina V. Kholodenko
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho- Maklaya St., 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
146
|
De Groof TWM, Bobkov V, Heukers R, Smit MJ. Nanobodies: New avenues for imaging, stabilizing and modulating GPCRs. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 484:15-24. [PMID: 30690070 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is the largest class of membrane proteins and an important drug target due to their role in many (patho)physiological processes. Besides small molecules, GPCRs can be targeted by biologicals including antibodies and antibody fragments. This review describes the use of antibodies and in particular antibody fragments from camelid-derived heavy chain-only antibodies (nanobodies/VHHs/sdAbs) for detecting, stabilizing, modulating and therapeutically targeting GPCRs. Altogether, it becomes increasingly clear that the small size, structure and protruding antigen-binding loops of nanobodies are favorable features for the development of selective and potent GPCRs-binding molecules. This makes them attractive tools to modulate GPCR activity but also as targeting modalities for GPCR-directed therapeutics. In addition, these antibody-fragments are important tools in the stabilization of particular conformations of these receptors. Lastly, nanobodies, in contrast to conventional antibodies, can also easily be expressed intracellularly which render nanobodies important tools for studying GPCR function. Hence, GPCR-targeting nanobodies are ideal modalities to image, stabilize and modulate GPCR function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timo W M De Groof
- Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Vladimir Bobkov
- Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Argenx BVBA, Industriepark Zwijnaarde 7, 9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Raimond Heukers
- Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; QVQ Holding B.V., Yalelaan 1, 3484 CL, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Martine J Smit
- Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
147
|
Li Y. A brief introduction of IgG-like bispecific antibody purification: Methods for removing product-related impurities. Protein Expr Purif 2019; 155:112-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
148
|
Generation of humanized single-chain fragment variable immunotherapeutic against EGFR variant III using baculovirus expression system and in vitro validation. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 124:17-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
149
|
An Expanded Conformation of an Antibody Fab Region by X-Ray Scattering, Molecular Dynamics, and smFRET Identifies an Aggregation Mechanism. J Mol Biol 2019; 431:1409-1425. [PMID: 30776431 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Protein aggregation is the underlying cause of many diseases, and also limits the usefulness of many natural and engineered proteins in biotechnology. Better mechanistic understanding and characterization of aggregation-prone states is needed to guide protein engineering, formulation, and drug-targeting strategies that prevent aggregation. While several final aggregated states-notably amyloids-have been characterized structurally, very little is known about the native structural conformers that initiate aggregation. We used a novel combination of small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS), atomistic molecular dynamic simulations, single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer, and aggregation-prone region predictions, to characterize structural changes in a native humanized Fab A33 antibody fragment, that correlated with the experimental aggregation kinetics. SAXS revealed increases in the native state radius of gyration, Rg, of 2.2% to 4.1%, at pH 5.5 and below, concomitant with accelerated aggregation. In a cutting-edge approach, we fitted the SAXS data to full MD simulations from the same conditions and located the conformational changes in the native state to the constant domain of the light chain (CL). This CL displacement was independently confirmed using single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer measurements with two dual-labeled Fabs. These conformational changes were also found to increase the solvent exposure of a predicted APR, suggesting a likely mechanism through which they promote aggregation. Our findings provide a means by which aggregation-prone conformational states can be readily determined experimentally, and thus potentially used to guide protein engineering, or ligand binding strategies, with the aim of stabilizing the protein against aggregation.
Collapse
|
150
|
Pourtaghi-Anvarian S, Mohammadi S, Hamzeh-Mivehroud M, Alizadeh AA, Dastmalchi S. Characterization of the novel anti-TNF-α single-chain fragment antibodies using experimental and computational approaches. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 49:38-47. [DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2018.1487855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samira Pourtaghi-Anvarian
- School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Samin Mohammadi
- School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Hamzeh-Mivehroud
- School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Alizadeh
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Siavoush Dastmalchi
- School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, North Cyprus, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|