101
|
Derksen J, Viefhues M. Parallelized continuous flow dielectrophoretic separation of DNA. Electrophoresis 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.202200174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Derksen
- Experimental Biophysics and Applied Nanoscience, Faculty of Physics Bielefeld University Bielefeld Germany
- Mechanobiology of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Faculty of Lifesciences University of Siegen Siegen Germany
| | - Martina Viefhues
- Experimental Biophysics and Applied Nanoscience, Faculty of Physics Bielefeld University Bielefeld Germany
| |
Collapse
|
102
|
Using MicroRNA Arrays as a Tool to Evaluate COVID-19 Vaccine Efficacy. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10101681. [PMID: 36298546 PMCID: PMC9607069 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10101681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to solve COVID-19 pandemic, the entire world has invested considerable manpower to develop various new vaccines to temporarily alleviate the disaster caused by the epidemic. In addition to the development of vaccines, we need to also develop effective assessment methods to confirm vaccines’ efficacy and maximize the benefits that vaccines can bring. In addition to common evaluation methods, vaccine-specific and temporal expression of microRNAs have been shown to be related to vaccine efficacy or vaccine-associated diseases. In this article, we have introduced a microRNA-array-based approach, which could be potentially used for evaluating COVID-19 vaccine efficacy, specifically for pregnant women. As the mRNA in mRNA vaccines is decomposed by host cells within a few days, it is considered more suitable for pregnant women to utilize the method of vaccination during pregnancy. Moreover, pregnant women belong to a high-risk group for COVID-19, and there is currently no appropriate vaccine to newborns. Therefore, it’s important to find improved tools for evaluation of vaccine efficacy in response to the current situation caused by COVID-19.
Collapse
|
103
|
Ruggiero R, Balzano N, Di Napoli R, Sullo MG, Rossi F, Capuano A, Rafaniello C. Utilizing clinical pharmacology in the drug repurposing arena: a look into COVID-19. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2022; 15:1225-1231. [PMID: 36196903 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2022.2132226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Drug repurposing represented an important contribution in the management of COVID-19, becoming the first line of defense to mitigate the effects of the new coronavirus. In a brief time, drug repurposing (DR) provided potentially effective and already available drugs for COVID-19, while specific therapies against SARS-CoV-2 and/or vaccines were developing. Identifying repurposed drugs requires a multidisciplinary approach, where clinical pharmacology represents the missing piece of the puzzle. AREAS COVERED Nowadays, clinical pharmacology is recognized as a discipline at the core of translational science, whose activities lead to the identification of the right drug for the right patient. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, its role in drug development and therapy choice has been decisive and itself repositioned. In this review, we tried to highlight the important role of clinical pharmacology in the identification and evaluation of possible repurposed drugs for COVID-19. EXPERT OPINION We believe that clinical pharmacology had an important role in identifying patient-oriented therapy during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this context, DR was just one of the challenges for clinical pharmacology, which proved that this discipline is ready to respond to future threats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Ruggiero
- Campania Regional Centre for Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology "L. Donatelli," University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Nunzia Balzano
- Campania Regional Centre for Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology "L. Donatelli," University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaella Di Napoli
- Campania Regional Centre for Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology "L. Donatelli," University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Giuseppa Sullo
- Campania Regional Centre for Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology "L. Donatelli," University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Rossi
- Campania Regional Centre for Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology "L. Donatelli," University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Annalisa Capuano
- Campania Regional Centre for Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology "L. Donatelli," University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Concetta Rafaniello
- Campania Regional Centre for Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology "L. Donatelli," University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
104
|
Sun L, Ma X, Zhang B, Qin Y, Ma J, Du Y, Chen T. From polymerase engineering to semi-synthetic life: artificial expansion of the central dogma. RSC Chem Biol 2022; 3:1173-1197. [PMID: 36320892 PMCID: PMC9533422 DOI: 10.1039/d2cb00116k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleic acids have been extensively modified in different moieties to expand the scope of genetic materials in the past few decades. While the development of unnatural base pairs (UBPs) has expanded the genetic information capacity of nucleic acids, the production of synthetic alternatives of DNA and RNA has increased the types of genetic information carriers and introduced novel properties and functionalities into nucleic acids. Moreover, the efforts of tailoring DNA polymerases (DNAPs) and RNA polymerases (RNAPs) to be efficient unnatural nucleic acid polymerases have enabled broad application of these unnatural nucleic acids, ranging from production of stable aptamers to evolution of novel catalysts. The introduction of unnatural nucleic acids into living organisms has also started expanding the central dogma in vivo. In this article, we first summarize the development of unnatural nucleic acids with modifications or alterations in different moieties. The strategies for engineering DNAPs and RNAPs are then extensively reviewed, followed by summarization of predominant polymerase mutants with good activities for synthesizing, reverse transcribing, or even amplifying unnatural nucleic acids. Some recent application examples of unnatural nucleic acids with their polymerases are then introduced. At the end, the approaches of introducing UBPs and synthetic genetic polymers into living organisms for the creation of semi-synthetic organisms are reviewed and discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leping Sun
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology 510006 Guangzhou China
| | - Xingyun Ma
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology 510006 Guangzhou China
| | - Binliang Zhang
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology 510006 Guangzhou China
| | - Yanjia Qin
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology 510006 Guangzhou China
| | - Jiezhao Ma
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology 510006 Guangzhou China
| | - Yuhui Du
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology 510006 Guangzhou China
| | - Tingjian Chen
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology 510006 Guangzhou China
| |
Collapse
|
105
|
Park T, Hwang H, Moon S, Kang SG, Song S, Kim YH, Kim H, Ko EJ, Yoon SD, Kang SM, Hwang HS. Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 variants and future pandemics. Expert Rev Vaccines 2022; 21:1363-1376. [PMID: 35924678 PMCID: PMC9979704 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2022.2110075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vaccination continues to be the most effective method for controlling COVID-19 infectious diseases. Nonetheless, SARS-CoV-2 variants continue to evolve and emerge, resulting in significant public concerns worldwide, even after more than 2 years since the COVID-19 pandemic. It is important to better understand how different COVID-19 vaccine platforms work, why SARS-CoV-2 variants continue to emerge, and what options for improving COVID-19 vaccines can be considered to fight against SARS-CoV-2 variants and future pandemics. AREA COVERED Here, we reviewed the innate immune sensors in the recognition of SARS-CoV-2 virus, innate and adaptive immunity including neutralizing antibodies by different COVID-19 vaccines. Efficacy comparison of the several COVID-19 vaccine platforms approved for use in humans, concerns about SARS-CoV-2 variants and breakthrough infections, and the options for developing future COIVD-19 vaccines were also covered. EXPERT OPINION Owing to the continuous emergence of novel pathogens and the reemergence of variants, safer and more effective new vaccines are needed. This review also aims to provide the knowledge basis for the development of next-generation COVID-19 and pan-coronavirus vaccines to provide cross-protection against new SARS-CoV-2 variants and future coronavirus pandemics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taeyoung Park
- Department of Biology, College of Life Science and Industry, Sunchon National University (SCNU), Suncheon, South Korea
| | - Hyogyeong Hwang
- Department of Biology, College of Life Science and Industry, Sunchon National University (SCNU), Suncheon, South Korea
| | - Suhyeong Moon
- Department of Biology, College of Life Science and Industry, Sunchon National University (SCNU), Suncheon, South Korea
| | - Sang Gu Kang
- Department of Biology, College of Life Science and Industry, Sunchon National University (SCNU), Suncheon, South Korea
| | - Seunghyup Song
- Department of Biology, College of Life Science and Industry, Sunchon National University (SCNU), Suncheon, South Korea
| | - Young Hun Kim
- Department of Biology, College of Life Science and Industry, Sunchon National University (SCNU), Suncheon, South Korea
| | - Hanbi Kim
- Department of Biology, College of Life Science and Industry, Sunchon National University (SCNU), Suncheon, South Korea
| | - Eun-Ju Ko
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Soon-Do Yoon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, South Korea
| | - Sang-Moo Kang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hye Suk Hwang
- Department of Biology, College of Life Science and Industry, Sunchon National University (SCNU), Suncheon, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
106
|
Nagpal D, Nagpal S, Kaushik D, Kathuria H. Current clinical status of new COVID-19 vaccines and immunotherapy. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:70772-70807. [PMID: 36063274 PMCID: PMC9442597 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22661-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is a positive-strand RNA belonging to Coronaviridae family, along with MERS and SARS. Since its first report in 2019 in Wuhan, China, it has affected over 530 million people and led to 6.3 million deaths worldwide until June 2022. Despite eleven vaccines being used worldwide already, new variants are of concern. Therefore, the governing bodies are re-evaluating the strategies for achieving universal vaccination. Initially, the WHO expected that vaccines showing around 50-80% efficacy would develop in 1-2 years. However, US-FDA announced emergency approval of the two m-RNA vaccines within 11 months of vaccine development, which enabled early vaccination for healthcare workers in many countries. Later, in January 2021, 63 vaccine candidates were under human clinical trials and 172 under preclinical development. Currently, the number of such clinical studies is still increasing. In this review, we have summarized the updates on the clinical status of the COVID-19 and the available treatments. Additionally, COVID-19 had created negative impacts on world's economy; affected agriculture, industries, and tourism service sectors; and majorly affected low-income countries. The review discusses the clinical outcomes, latest statistics, socio-economic impacts of pandemic and treatment approaches against SARS-CoV-2, and strategies against the new variant of concern. The review will help understand the current status of vaccines and other therapies while also providing insights about upcoming vaccines and therapies for COVID-19 management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diksha Nagpal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001 India
| | - Shakti Nagpal
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543 Republic of Singapore
| | - Deepak Kaushik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001 India
| | - Himanshu Kathuria
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543 Republic of Singapore
- Nusmetics Pte Ltd, Makerspace, i4 building, 3 Research Link, Singapore, 117602 Republic of Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
107
|
Lee M, Rice-Boucher PJ, Collins LT, Wagner E, Aulisa L, Hughes J, Curiel DT. A Novel Piggyback Strategy for mRNA Delivery Exploiting Adenovirus Entry Biology. Viruses 2022; 14:v14102169. [PMID: 36298724 PMCID: PMC9608319 DOI: 10.3390/v14102169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular therapies exploiting mRNA vectors embody enormous potential, as evidenced by the utility of this technology for the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Nonetheless, broad implementation of these promising strategies has been restricted by the limited repertoires of delivery vehicles capable of mRNA transport. On this basis, we explored a strategy based on exploiting the well characterized entry biology of adenovirus. To this end, we studied an adenovirus-polylysine (AdpL) that embodied "piggyback" transport of the mRNA on the capsid exterior of adenovirus. We hypothesized that the efficient steps of Ad binding, receptor-mediated entry, and capsid-mediated endosome escape could provide an effective pathway for transport of mRNA to the cellular cytosol for transgene expression. Our studies confirmed that AdpL could mediate effective gene transfer of mRNA vectors in vitro and in vivo. Facets of this method may offer key utilities to actualize the promise of mRNA-based therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myungeun Lee
- Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Paul J. Rice-Boucher
- Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McKelvey School of Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Logan Thrasher Collins
- Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McKelvey School of Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Ernst Wagner
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Lorenzo Aulisa
- GreenLight Biosciences, Inc., 200 Boston Ave. #3100, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Jeffrey Hughes
- GreenLight Biosciences, Inc., 200 Boston Ave. #3100, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - David T. Curiel
- Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Biologic Therapeutics Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-314-747-5443; Fax: +1-314-362-9790
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
Cancarevic I, Nassar M, Medina L, Sanchez A, Parikh A, Hosna A, Devanabanda B, Vest M, Ayotunde F, Ghallab M, Omran I. Nephrotic Syndrome in Adult Patients With COVID-19 Infection or Post COVID-19 Vaccine: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2022; 14:e29613. [DOI: 10.7759/cureus.29613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
|
109
|
Khoshnood S, Ghanavati R, Shirani M, Ghahramanpour H, Sholeh M, Shariati A, Sadeghifard N, Heidary M. Viral vector and nucleic acid vaccines against COVID-19: A narrative review. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:984536. [PMID: 36118203 PMCID: PMC9470835 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.984536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
After about 2 years since the first detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 that resulted in a worldwide pandemic, 6.2 million deaths have been recorded. As a result, there is an urgent need for the development of a safe and effective vaccine for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Endeavors for the production of effective vaccines inexhaustibly are continuing. At present according to the World Health Organization (WHO) COVID-19 vaccine tracker and landscape, 153 vaccine candidates are developing in the clinical phase all over the world. Some new and exciting platforms are nucleic acid-based vaccines such as Pfizer Biontech and Moderna vaccines consisting of a messenger RNA (mRNA) encoding a viral spike protein in host cells. Another novel vaccine platform is viral vector vaccine candidates that could be replicating or nonreplicating. These types of vaccines that have a harmless viral vector like adenovirus contain a genome encoding the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, which induces significant immune responses. This technology of vaccine manufacturing has previously been used in many human clinical trials conducted for adenoviral vector-based vaccines against different infectious agents, including Ebola virus, Zika virus, HIV, and malaria. In this paper, we have a review of nucleic acid-based vaccines that are passing their phase 3 and 4 clinical trials and discuss their efficiency and adverse effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Khoshnood
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Roya Ghanavati
- School of Paramedical Sciences, Behbahan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Behbahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Shirani
- Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hossein Ghahramanpour
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sholeh
- Department of Microbiology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aref Shariati
- Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
| | - Nourkhoda Sadeghifard
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Mohsen Heidary
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
- *Correspondence: Mohsen Heidary,
| |
Collapse
|
110
|
Abdelaal A, Reda A, Lashin BI, Katamesh BE, Brakat AM, AL-Manaseer BM, Kaur S, Asija A, Patel NK, Basnyat S, Rabaan AA, Alhumaid S, Albayat H, Aljeldah M, Shammari BRA, Al-Najjar AH, Al-Jassem AK, AlShurbaji ST, Alshahrani FS, Alynbiawi A, Alfaraj ZH, Alfaraj DH, Aldawood AH, Sedhai YR, Mumbo V, Rodriguez-Morales AJ, Sah R. Preventing the Next Pandemic: Is Live Vaccine Efficacious against Monkeypox, or Is There a Need for Killed Virus and mRNA Vaccines? Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10091419. [PMID: 36146497 PMCID: PMC9500691 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10091419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The monkeypox virus (MPV) is a double-stranded DNA virus belonging to the Poxviridae family, Chordopoxvirinae subfamily, and Orthopoxvirus genus. It was called monkeypox because it was first discovered in monkeys, in a Danish laboratory, in 1958. However, the actual reservoir for MPV is still unknown. (2) Methods and Results: We have reviewed the existing literature on the options for Monkeypox virus. There are three available vaccines for orthopoxviruses—ACAM2000, JYNNEOS, and LC16—with the first being a replicating vaccine and the latter being non- or minimally replicating. (3) Conclusions: Smallpox vaccinations previously provided coincidental immunity to MPV. ACAM2000 (a live-attenuated replicating vaccine) and JYNNEOS (a live-attenuated, nonreplicating vaccine) are two US FDA-approved vaccines that can prevent monkeypox. However, ACAM2000 may cause serious side effects, including cardiac problems, whereas JYNNEOS is associated with fewer complications. The recent outbreaks across the globe have once again highlighted the need for constant monitoring and the development of novel prophylactic and therapeutic modalities. Based on available data, there is still a need to develop an effective and safe new generation of vaccines specific for monkeypox that are killed or developed into a mRNA vaccine before monkeypox is declared a pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdelaziz Abdelaal
- Postgraduate Medical Education, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Tanta Research Team, Tanta 31527, Egypt
- Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Abdullah Reda
- Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | | | - Basant E. Katamesh
- Tanta Research Team, Tanta 31527, Egypt
- Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Aml M. Brakat
- Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Ash Sharqia Governorate, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Balqees Mahmoud AL-Manaseer
- Jordan University Hospital, Amman 11942, Jordan
- School of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan
| | - Sayanika Kaur
- Department of Internal Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Ankush Asija
- Department of Internal Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Nimesh K. Patel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Soney Basnyat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Ali A. Rabaan
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran 31311, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Public Health and Nutrition, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22610, Pakistan
| | - Saad Alhumaid
- Administration of Pharmaceutical Care, Al-Ahsa Health Cluster, Ministry of Health, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hawra Albayat
- Infectious Disease Department, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Aljeldah
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafr Al Batin 39831, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basim R. Al Shammari
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafr Al Batin 39831, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal H. Al-Najjar
- Drug & Poison Information Center, Pharmacy Department, Security Forces Hospital Program, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed K. Al-Jassem
- Drug & Poison Information Center, Pharmacy Department, Security Forces Hospital Program, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan T. AlShurbaji
- Outpatient Pharmacy, Dr. Sulaiman Alhabib Medical Group, Diplomatic Quarter, Riyadh 91877, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatimah S. Alshahrani
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahlam Alynbiawi
- Infectious Diseases Section, Medical Specialties Department, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh 12231, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zainab H. Alfaraj
- Department of Nursing, Maternity and Children Hospital, Dammam 31176, Saudi Arabia
| | - Duaa H. Alfaraj
- Department of Nursing, Maternity and Children Hospital, Dammam 31176, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed H. Aldawood
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Dammam Regional Laboratory and Blood Bank, Dammam 31411, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yub Raj Sedhai
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, University of Kentucky, Bowling Green, KY 40292, USA
| | - Victoria Mumbo
- Coast General Teaching and Referral Hospital, Mombasa P.O. Box 90231-80100, Kenya
| | - Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales
- Latin American Network on Monkeypox Virus Research (LAMOVI), Pereira 66001, Colombia
- Institución Universitaria Visión de las Américas, Pereira 12998, Colombia
- Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Fundación Universitaria Autónomade las Américas, Pereira 66003, Colombia
- Master of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima 4861, Peru
| | - Ranjit Sah
- Postgraduate Medical Education, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Latin American Network on Monkeypox Virus Research (LAMOVI), Pereira 66001, Colombia
- Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +977-9803098857
| |
Collapse
|
111
|
The Actual Status of Hospitals as COVID-19 Vaccination Clinics in China and Safety Monitoring of Inactivated Vaccine: A Cross-Sectional Study. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2022; 17:e256. [PMID: 36017705 PMCID: PMC9588414 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2022.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The outbreak has had a devastating impact, and efforts are underway to speed up vaccination. The study's objective was to describe the clinical characteristics of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination clinic in the Second People's Hospital of Fujian Province, China. Meanwhile, we monitored all the vaccine recipients to evaluate adverse reactions. METHODS A cross-sectional study was done at the COVID-19 Vaccination Clinic, the Second People's Hospital of Fujian Province, China. We systematically collected Clinical data from the COVID-19 vaccination clinic between March 11 and November 11, 2021, including the type of vaccine, number of doses, gender, age, educational level, occupational category, adverse reactions, etc. Investigators will contact vaccine recipients by means of phone call or WeChat message to record the negative responses. Last, this report covers data through 8 mo, so it will be better to Evaluate the Safety of 2 inactivated COVID-19 vaccines from China (BBIBP-CorV [Beijing Institute of Biological Products, Beijing, China] and CoronaVac [Sinovac Life Sciences, Beijing, China]). RESULTS The results indicated that the Second People's Hospital of Fujian Province received a total of 64,602 COVID-19 vaccines from March 11 to November 11, 2021, including 34,331 (53.14%) first doses, 29,245 (45.27%) second doses, and 1026 (1.59%) third doses. This study found the highest proportion in other personnel (38.69% at the first dose, 38.75% at the second dose, and 2.44% at the third dose), who were mainly retirees. People with higher levels of education are more likely to be vaccinated against COVID-19 during the early stages of vaccine rollout. In terms of age stratification, the highest proportion was found among people aged 18-49 (BBIBP-CorV: first dose 61%, second dose 62.6%, and third dose 76.8%; CoronaVac: first dose 66.1%, double dose 63.6%, and third dose 75.5%), followed by those over 60. The common adverse reactions were mainly local and systemic, and there were some differences between the 2 inactivated vaccines (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to analyze the actual status of hospitals as COVID-19 vaccination clinics in China. The hospital has focused on vaccinating citizens and the initial rollout of vaccines to ensure any safety issues are identified. More citizens are willing to vaccinate in hospitals because of the uncertain safety of the available vaccines and adverse reactions. The good news is that vaccine-related severe adverse events have not been found in the hospital vaccination clinic. The Safety of BBIBP-CorV and CoronaVac is relatively high.
Collapse
|
112
|
Cheng H, Li Z. Advances and Perspectives of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology in mRNA therapy. Pharm Nanotechnol 2022; 10:PNT-EPUB-125850. [PMID: 36028972 DOI: 10.2174/2211738510666220825145124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Cheng
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zongjin Li
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin 300071, China
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin 300071, China
| |
Collapse
|
113
|
Hameed I, Khan MO, Nusrat K, Mahmood S, Nashit M, Malik S, Siddiqui OM, Samad SA, Marsia S, Usman MS, Siddiqi TJ. Is it safe and effective to administer COVID-19 vaccines during pregnancy? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Infect Control 2022; 51:582-593. [PMID: 36007670 PMCID: PMC9394101 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2022.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines in pregnant women performing an updated meta-analysis. METHODS We searched PubMed, Cochrane Central, and SCOPUS from inception to March 2022. Outcomes of interest were incidence of adverse maternal, fetal and neonatal consequences pertaining to safety of the vaccines. Secondarily, we analyzed the number of SARS-CoV-2 infections, hospitalization for COVID-19, and admission to the I.C.U. for COVID-19 assessing effectiveness of vaccines. Results were pooled using a random effects model. RESULTS Ten observational studies (n=326,499) analyzing pregnant women were included. Our results suggest that COVID-19 vaccination prevents infection (OR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.47, 0.67; P = <0.00001) and related hospitalizations (OR: 0.50, 95% CI: 0.31, 0.82; P = 0.006) effectively. It was also observed that vaccination does not change adverse outcomes in pregnancy, namely preeclampsia or eclampsia, stroke (four weeks of delivery), meconium-stained amniotic fluid, spontaneous vaginal delivery, operative vaginal delivery, cesarean delivery, postpartum hemorrhage, and blood transfusions. Furthermore, the vaccine was observed to be protective against neonatal COVID-19 I.C.U. admissions (OR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.81, 0.90; P = <0.00001). CONCLUSION Our pooled analysis suggests that the COVID-19 vaccination in pregnant women prevents infection effectively and has no adverse outcomes. Future large-scale trials in a randomized fashion are needed to confirm our results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ishaque Hameed
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Omer Khan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Khushboo Nusrat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Samar Mahmood
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nashit
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shanza Malik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Omer Mustafa Siddiqui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Syed Abdus Samad
- Department of Surgery, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shayan Marsia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
114
|
Current Vaccine Platforms in Enhancing T-Cell Response. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10081367. [PMID: 36016254 PMCID: PMC9413345 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10081367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The induction of T cell-mediated immunity is crucial in vaccine development. The most effective vaccine is likely to employ both cellular and humoral immune responses. The efficacy of a vaccine depends on T cells activated by antigen-presenting cells. T cells also play a critical role in the duration and cross-reactivity of vaccines. Moreover, pre-existing T-cell immunity is associated with a decreased severity of infectious diseases. Many technical and delivery platforms have been designed to induce T cell-mediated vaccine immunity. The immunogenicity of vaccines is enhanced by controlling the kinetics and targeted delivery. Viral vectors are attractive tools that enable the intracellular expression of foreign antigens and induce robust immunity. However, it is necessary to select an appropriate viral vector considering the existing anti-vector immunity that impairs vaccine efficacy. mRNA vaccines have the advantage of rapid and low-cost manufacturing and have been approved for clinical use as COVID-19 vaccines for the first time. mRNA modification and nanomaterial encapsulation can help address mRNA instability and translation efficacy. This review summarizes the T cell responses of vaccines against various infectious diseases based on vaccine technologies and delivery platforms and discusses the future directions of these cutting-edge platforms.
Collapse
|
115
|
The Delivery of mRNA Vaccines for Therapeutics. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12081254. [PMID: 36013433 PMCID: PMC9410089 DOI: 10.3390/life12081254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
mRNA vaccines have been revolutionary in combating the COVID-19 pandemic in the past two years. They have also become a versatile tool for the prevention of infectious diseases and treatment of cancers. For effective vaccination, mRNA formulation, delivery method and composition of the mRNA carrier play an important role. mRNA vaccines can be delivered using lipid nanoparticles, polymers, peptides or naked mRNA. The vaccine efficacy is influenced by the appropriate delivery materials, formulation methods and selection of a proper administration route. In addition, co-delivery of several mRNAs could also be beneficial and enhance immunity against various variants of an infectious pathogen or several pathogens altogether. Here, we review the recent progress in the delivery methods, modes of delivery and patentable mRNA vaccine technologies.
Collapse
|
116
|
Nurpeisova A, Khairullin B, Abitaev R, Shorayeva K, Jekebekov K, Kalimolda E, Kerimbayev A, Akylbayeva K, Abay Z, Myrzakhmetova B, Nakhanov A, Absatova Z, Nurabayev S, Orynbayev M, Assanzhanova N, Abeuov K, Kutumbetov L, Kassenov M, Abduraimov Y, Zakarya K. Safety and immunogenicity of the first Kazakh inactivated vaccine for COVID-19. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2087412. [PMID: 35960911 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2087412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This article describes the results of a preclinical safety and immunogenicity study of QazCovid-in®, the first COVID-19 vaccine developed in Kazakhstan, on BALB/c mice, rats, ferrets, Syrian hamsters and rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). The study's safety data suggests that this immunobiological preparation can be technically considered a Class 5 nontoxic vaccine. The series of injections that were made did not produce any adverse effect or any change in the general condition of the model animals' health, while macroscopy and histology studies identified no changes in the internal organs of the BALB/c mice and rats. This study has demonstrated that a double immunization enhances the growth of antibody titers as assessed by the microneutralization assay (MNA) and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in a pre-clinical immunogenicity test on animal models. The best GMT results were assessed in MNA and ELISA 7 days after re-vaccination; however, we noted that GMT antibody results in ELISA were lower than in MNA. A comparative GMT assessment after the first immunization and the re-immunization identified significant differences between model animal groups and a growth of GMT antibodies in all of them; also, differences between the gender groups were statistically significant. Moreover, the most marked MNA immune response to the QazCovid-in® vaccine was seen in the Syrian hamsters, while their SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody activity as assessed with ELISA was the lowest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ainur Nurpeisova
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems (RIBSP), Guardeyskiy, Kazakhstan
| | - Berik Khairullin
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems (RIBSP), Guardeyskiy, Kazakhstan
| | - Ruslan Abitaev
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems (RIBSP), Guardeyskiy, Kazakhstan
| | - Kamshat Shorayeva
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems (RIBSP), Guardeyskiy, Kazakhstan
| | - Kuanish Jekebekov
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems (RIBSP), Guardeyskiy, Kazakhstan
| | - Elina Kalimolda
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems (RIBSP), Guardeyskiy, Kazakhstan
| | - Aslan Kerimbayev
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems (RIBSP), Guardeyskiy, Kazakhstan
| | - Karligash Akylbayeva
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems (RIBSP), Guardeyskiy, Kazakhstan
| | - Zhandos Abay
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems (RIBSP), Guardeyskiy, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Aziz Nakhanov
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems (RIBSP), Guardeyskiy, Kazakhstan
| | - Zharkinay Absatova
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems (RIBSP), Guardeyskiy, Kazakhstan
| | - Sergazy Nurabayev
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems (RIBSP), Guardeyskiy, Kazakhstan
| | - Mukhit Orynbayev
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems (RIBSP), Guardeyskiy, Kazakhstan
| | - Nurika Assanzhanova
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems (RIBSP), Guardeyskiy, Kazakhstan
| | - Khairulla Abeuov
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems (RIBSP), Guardeyskiy, Kazakhstan
| | - Lespek Kutumbetov
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems (RIBSP), Guardeyskiy, Kazakhstan
| | - Markhabat Kassenov
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems (RIBSP), Guardeyskiy, Kazakhstan
| | - Yergaly Abduraimov
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems (RIBSP), Guardeyskiy, Kazakhstan
| | - Kunsulu Zakarya
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems (RIBSP), Guardeyskiy, Kazakhstan
| |
Collapse
|
117
|
Alesci A, Gitto M, Kotańska M, Lo Cascio P, Miller A, Nicosia N, Fumia A, Pergolizzi S. Immunogenicity, effectiveness, safety and psychological impact of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. Hum Immunol 2022; 83:755-767. [PMID: 35963787 PMCID: PMC9359511 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2022.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In December 2019, a new single-stranded RNA coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, appeared in China and quickly spread around the world leading to a pandemic. Infection with SARS-CoV-2 generates symptoms ranging from asymptomatic to severe, occasionally requiring hospitalization in intensive care units, and, in more severe cases, leading to death. Scientists and researchers around the world have made a real race against time to develop various vaccines to slow down and stop the spread of the virus. In addition to conventional viral vector vaccines, new generation mRNA vaccines, BNT152b2 (Comirnaty) and mRNA-1273 (Spikevax), have been developed respectively by Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna. These vaccines act on immune cells to induce an immune response with the production of specific antibodies against Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, and to stimulate the differentiation of T and B memory cells. The objective of this review is to provide a detailed picture of the validity of these new vaccines and the safety of vaccination. Not only was the immunogenic effect of mRNA vaccines evaluated, but also the psychosocial impact they had on the population. The data collected show that this type of vaccine can also be an excellent candidate for future treatment and eradication of possible new pathologies with viral and non-viral etiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Alesci
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Marco Gitto
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; Phoniatric Unit, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy.
| | - Magdalena Kotańska
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, PL 30-688 Cracow, Poland.
| | - Patrizia Lo Cascio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Anthea Miller
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
| | - Noemi Nicosia
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, PL 30-688 Cracow, Poland; Division of Neuroscience, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, 20132, Milan, Italy.
| | - Angelo Fumia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Padiglione C, A. O. U. Policlinico "G. Martino", 98147 Messina, Italy.
| | - Simona Pergolizzi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
118
|
Ito Y, Honda A, Kurokawa M. COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine in Patients With Lymphoid Malignancy or Anti-CD20 Antibody Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA, MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2022; 22:e691-e707. [PMID: 35459624 PMCID: PMC8958822 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2022.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The humoral response to vaccination in individuals with lymphoid malignancies or those undergoing anti-CD20 antibody therapy is impaired, but details of the response to mRNA vaccines to protect against COVID-19 remain unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to characterize the response to COVID-19 mRNA vaccines in patients with lymphoid malignancies or those undergoing anti-CD20 antibody therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS A literature search retrieved 52 relevant articles, and random-effect models were used to analyze humoral and cellular responses. RESULTS Lymphoid malignancies and anti-CD20 antibody therapy for non-malignancies were significantly associated with lower seropositivity rates (risk ratio 0.60 [95% CI 0.53-0.69]; risk ratio 0.45 [95% CI 0.39-0.52], respectively). Some subtypes (chronic lymphocytic leukemia, treatment-naïve chronic lymphocytic leukemia, myeloma, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma) exhibited impaired humoral response. Anti-CD20 antibody therapy within 6 months of vaccination decreased humoral response; moreover, therapy > 12 months before vaccination still impaired the humoral response. However, anti-CD20 antibody therapy in non-malignant patients did not attenuate T cell responses. CONCLUSION These data suggest that patients with lymphoid malignancies or those undergoing anti-CD20 antibody therapy experience an impaired humoral response, but cellular response can be detected independent of anti-CD20 antibody therapy. Studies with long-term follow-up of vaccine effectiveness are warranted (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021265780).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Ito
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Akira Honda
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mineo Kurokawa
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Cell Therapy and Transplantation Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
119
|
Ye ZW, Fan Y, Tang K, Ong CP, Luo C, Chung HL, Leong TL, Liang R, Lui WY, Zhou R, Cheng Y, Lu L, Cheung PHH, Chan JFW, Chen Z, Yuen KY, Yuan S, To KKW, Jin DY. Cross-variant protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection in hamsters immunized with monovalent and bivalent inactivated vaccines. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:4781-4791. [PMID: 35874942 PMCID: PMC9305277 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.72109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid development and successful use of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 might hold the key to curb the ongoing pandemic of COVID-19. Emergence of vaccine-evasive SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) has posed a new challenge to vaccine design and development. One urgent need is to determine what types of variant-specific and bivalent vaccines should be developed. Here, we compared homotypic and heterotypic protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection of hamsters with monovalent and bivalent whole-virion inactivated vaccines derived from representative VOCs. In addition to the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan strain, Delta (B.1.617.2; δ) and Theta (P.3; θ) variants were used in vaccine preparation. Additional VOCs including Omicron (B.1.1.529) and Alpha (B.1.1.7) variants were employed in the challenge experiment. Consistent with previous findings, Omicron variant exhibited the highest degree of immune evasion, rendering all different forms of inactivated vaccines substantially less efficacious. Notably, monovalent and bivalent Delta variant-specific inactivated vaccines provided optimal protection against challenge with Delta variant. Yet, some cross-variant protection against Omicron and Alpha variants was seen with all monovalent and bivalent inactivated vaccines tested. Taken together, our findings support the notion that an optimal next-generation inactivated vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 should contain the predominant VOC in circulation. Further investigations are underway to test whether a bivalent vaccine for Delta and Omicron variants can serve this purpose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Wei Ye
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Yilan Fan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Kaiming Tang
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Chon Phin Ong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Cuiting Luo
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Hon-Lam Chung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Tsun-Lam Leong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Ronghui Liang
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Wai-Yin Lui
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Runhong Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Yun Cheng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Pak-Hin Hinson Cheung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Shuofeng Yuan
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Kelvin Kai-Wang To
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Dong-Yan Jin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
120
|
Li T, Luo KQ. Recipients of COVID-19 vaccines face challenges of SARS-CoV-2 variants. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:4642-4647. [PMID: 35874950 PMCID: PMC9305267 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.72424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) has been rampant since 2019, severely affecting global public health, and causing 5.75 million deaths worldwide. So far, many vaccines have been developed to prevent the infection of SARS-CoV-2 virus. However, the emergence of new variants may threat vaccine recipients as they might evade immunological surveillance that depends on the using of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody to neutralize the viral particles. Recent studies have found that recipients who received two doses of vaccination plus an additional booster shoot were able to quickly elevate neutralization response and immune response against wild-type SARS-CoV-2 virus and some initially appeared viral variants. In this review, we assessed the real-world effectiveness of different COVID-19 vaccines by population studies and neutralization assays and compared neutralization responses of booster vaccines in vitro. Finally, as the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccine is expected to decline over time, continued vaccination should be considered to achieve a long-term immune protection against coronavirus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianhong Li
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Kathy Qian Luo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China.,Ministry of Education-Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
121
|
Park JW, Wang X, Xu RH. Revealing the mystery of persistent smell loss in Long COVID patients. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:4795-4808. [PMID: 35874953 PMCID: PMC9305264 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.73485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is hopefully approaching its end in many countries as herd immunity develops and weaker strains of SARS-CoV-2 dominate. However, a new concern occurs over the long-term effects of COVID-19, collectively called "Long COVID", as some symptoms of the nervous system last even after patients recover from COVID-19. This review focuses on studies of anosmia, i.e., impairment of smell, which is the most common sensory defect during the disease course and is caused by olfactory dysfunctions. It remains mysterious how the olfactory functions are affected since the virus can't invade olfactory receptor neurons. We describe several leading hypotheses about the mystery in hope to provide insights into the pathophysiology and treatment strategies for anosmia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung Woo Park
- Center of Reproduction, Development & Aging, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China.,Ministry of Education Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Center of Reproduction, Development & Aging, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China.,Ministry of Education Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Ren-He Xu
- Center of Reproduction, Development & Aging, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China.,Ministry of Education Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| |
Collapse
|
122
|
Ye Q, Wu M, Zhou C, Lu X, Huang B, Zhang N, Zhao H, Chi H, Zhang X, Ling D, Zhang RR, Li Z, Luo D, Huang YJ, Qiu HY, Song H, Tan W, Xu K, Ying B, Qin CF. Rational development of a combined mRNA vaccine against COVID-19 and influenza. NPJ Vaccines 2022; 7:84. [PMID: 35882870 PMCID: PMC9315335 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-022-00478-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
As the world continues to experience the COVID-19 pandemic, seasonal influenza remain a cause of severe morbidity and mortality globally. Worse yet, coinfection with SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus (IAV) leads to more severe clinical outcomes. The development of a combined vaccine against both COVID-19 and influenza is thus of high priority. Based on our established lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-encapsulated mRNA vaccine platform, we developed and characterized a novel mRNA vaccine encoding the HA antigen of influenza A (H1N1) virus, termed ARIAV. Then, ARIAV was combined with our COVID-19 mRNA vaccine ARCoV, which encodes the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein, to formulate the final combined vaccine, AR-CoV/IAV. Further characterization demonstrated that immunization with two doses of AR-CoV/IAV elicited robust protective antibodies as well as antigen-specific cellular immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 and IAV. More importantly, AR-CoV/IAV immunization protected mice from coinfection with IAV and the SARS-CoV-2 Alpha and Delta variants. Our results highlight the potential of the LNP-mRNA vaccine platform in preventing COVID-19 and influenza, as well as other respiratory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Mei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Chao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Xishan Lu
- Suzhou Abogen Biosciences Co., Ltd., Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Baoying Huang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Hang Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhang
- Suzhou Abogen Biosciences Co., Ltd., Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Dandan Ling
- Suzhou Abogen Biosciences Co., Ltd., Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Rong-Rong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Zhuofan Li
- Suzhou Abogen Biosciences Co., Ltd., Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Dan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Yi-Jiao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Hong-Ying Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Haifeng Song
- Suzhou Abogen Biosciences Co., Ltd., Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Wenjie Tan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
| | - Ke Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Bo Ying
- Suzhou Abogen Biosciences Co., Ltd., Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Cheng-Feng Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China. .,Research Unit of Discovery and Tracing of Natural Focus Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
123
|
ANCA-Associated Vasculitis May Result as a Complication to Both SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Vaccination. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12071072. [PMID: 35888159 PMCID: PMC9316790 DOI: 10.3390/life12071072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the last two years, our world experienced one of the most devastating and fast-exploding pandemic, due to the wide spread of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The scientific community managed to develop effective vaccines, the main weapons to shield the immune system and protect people. Nevertheless, both SARS-CoV-2 infection and the vaccination against it have been associated with the stimulation of inflammatory cells such as T and B lymphocytes that results in a cytokine storm, endothelial inflammation and vascular injury, which can lead to different types of vasculitis. We present the first case of de novo MPO-ANCA-associated vasculitis, which developed shortly after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, adequately responded to treatment, and subsequently relapsed after COVID-19 infection. With this case, we indicate an etiological connection between viral infection and disease development, as well as the possibility of a common immune mechanism between SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination, that can stimulate vascular events and lead to vasculitis. There have been several case reports of de novo vasculitis, affecting large, medium, or small vessels, following either infection or vaccination against COVID-19, during the pandemic outbreak. We summarize previous reports and also analyze proposed pathogenic mechanisms between SARS-CoV-2 and vasculitis.
Collapse
|
124
|
Gibson EA, Li H, Fruh V, Gabra M, Asokan G, Jukic AMZ, Baird DD, Curry CL, Fischer-colbrie T, Onnela J, Williams MA, Hauser R, Coull BA, Mahalingaiah S. Covid-19 vaccination and menstrual cycle length in the Apple Women’s Health Study.. [PMID: 35860226 PMCID: PMC9298140 DOI: 10.1101/2022.07.07.22277371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
AbstractBackgroundCOVID-19 vaccination may be associated with change in menstrual cycle length following vaccination.MethodsWe conducted a longitudinal analysis within a subgroup of 14,915 participants in the Apple Women’s Health Study (AWHS) who enrolled between November 2019 and December 2021 and met the following eligibility criteria: were living in the U.S., met minimum age requirements for consent, were English speaking, actively tracked their menstrual cycles, and responded to the COVID-19 Vaccine Update survey. In the main analysis, we included tracked cycles recorded when premenopausal participants were not pregnant, lactating, or using hormonal contraceptives. We used conditional linear regression and multivariable linear mixed-effects models with random intercepts to estimate the covariate-adjusted difference in mean cycle length, measured in days, between pre-vaccination cycles, cycles in which a vaccine was administered, and post-vaccination cycles within vaccinated participants, and between vaccinated and unvaccinated participants. We further compared associations between vaccination and menstrual cycle length by the timing of vaccine dose within a menstrual cycle (i.e., in follicular or luteal phase). We present Bonferroni-adjusted 95% confidence intervals to account for multiple comparisons.ResultsA total of 128,094 cycles (median = 10 cycles per participant; interquartile range: 4-22) from 9,652 participants (8,486 vaccinated; 1,166 unvaccinated) were included. The average within-individual standard deviation in cycle length was 4.2 days. Fifty-five percent of vaccinated participants received Pfizer-BioNTech’s mRNA vaccine, 37% received Moderna’s mRNA vaccine, and 7% received the Johnson & Johnson/Janssen vaccine (J&J). We found no evidence of a difference between mean menstrual cycle length in the unvaccinated and vaccinated participants prior to vaccination (0.24 days, 95% CI: −0.34, 0.82).Among vaccinated participants, COVID-19 vaccination was associated with a small increase in mean cycle length (MCL) for cycles in which participants received the first dose (0.50 days, 95% CI: 0.22, 0.78) and cycles in which participants received the second dose (0.39 days, 95% CI: 0.11, 0.67) of mRNA vaccines compared with pre-vaccination cycles. Cycles in which the single dose of J&J was administered were, on average, 1.26 days longer (95% CI: 0.45, 2.07) than pre-vaccination cycles. Post-vaccination cycles returned to average pre-vaccination length. Estimates for pre vs post cycle lengths were 0.14 days (95% CI: −0.13, 0.40) in the first cycle following vaccination, 0.13 days (95% CI: −0.14, 0.40) in the second, −0.17 days (95% CI: −0.43, 0.10) in the third, and −0.25 days (95% CI: −0.52, 0.01) in the fourth cycle post-vaccination. Follicular phase vaccination was associated with an increase in MCL in cycles in which participants received the first dose (0.97 days, 95% CI: 0.53, 1.42) or the second dose (1.43 days, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.80) of mRNA vaccines or the J&J dose (2.27 days, 95% CI: 1.04, 3.50), compared with pre-vaccination cycles.ConclusionsCOVID-19 vaccination was associated with an immediate short-term increase in menstrual cycle length overall, which appeared to be driven by doses received in the follicular phase. However, the magnitude of this increase was small and diminished in each cycle following vaccination. No association with cycle length persisted over time. The magnitude of change associated with vaccination was well within the natural variability in the study population. Menstrual cycle change following COVID-19 vaccination appears small and temporary and should not discourage individuals from becoming vaccinated.
Collapse
|
125
|
Bioinformatics, Computational Informatics, and Modeling Approaches to the Design of mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine Candidates. COMPUTATION 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/computation10070117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This article is devoted to applying bioinformatics and immunoinformatics approaches for the development of a multi-epitope mRNA vaccine against the spike glycoproteins of circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants in selected African countries. The study’s relevance is dictated by the fact that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) began its global threat at the end of 2019 and since then has had a devastating impact on the whole world. Measures to reduce threats from the pandemic include social restrictions, restrictions on international travel, and vaccine development. In most cases, vaccine development depends on the spike glycoprotein, which serves as a medium for its entry into host cells. Although several variants of SARS-CoV-2 have emerged from mutations crossing continental boundaries, about 6000 delta variants have been reported along the coast of more than 20 countries in Africa, with South Africa accounting for the highest percentage. This also applies to the omicron variant of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in South Africa. The authors suggest that bioinformatics and immunoinformatics approaches be used to develop a multi-epitope mRNA vaccine against the spike glycoproteins of circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants in selected African countries. Various immunoinformatics tools have been used to predict T- and B-lymphocyte epitopes. The epitopes were further subjected to multiple evaluations to select epitopes that could elicit a sustained immunological response. The candidate vaccine consisted of seven epitopes, a highly immunogenic adjuvant, an MHC I-targeting domain (MITD), a signal peptide, and linkers. The molecular weight (MW) was predicted to be 223.1 kDa, well above the acceptable threshold of 110 kDa on an excellent vaccine candidate. In addition, the results showed that the candidate vaccine was antigenic, non-allergenic, non-toxic, thermostable, and hydrophilic. The vaccine candidate has good population coverage, with the highest range in East Africa (80.44%) followed by South Africa (77.23%). West Africa and North Africa have 76.65% and 76.13%, respectively, while Central Africa (75.64%) has minimal coverage. Among seven epitopes, no mutations were observed in 100 randomly selected SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoproteins in the study area. Evaluation of the secondary structure of the vaccine constructs revealed a stabilized structure showing 36.44% alpha-helices, 20.45% drawn filaments, and 33.38% random helices. Molecular docking of the TLR4 vaccine showed that the simulated vaccine has a high binding affinity for TLR-4, reflecting its ability to stimulate the innate and adaptive immune response.
Collapse
|
126
|
Hameed SA, Paul S, Dellosa GKY, Jaraquemada D, Bello MB. Towards the future exploration of mucosal mRNA vaccines against emerging viral diseases; lessons from existing next-generation mucosal vaccine strategies. NPJ Vaccines 2022; 7:71. [PMID: 35764661 PMCID: PMC9239993 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-022-00485-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mRNA vaccine platform has offered the greatest potential in fighting the COVID-19 pandemic owing to rapid development, effectiveness, and scalability to meet the global demand. There are many other mRNA vaccines currently being developed against different emerging viral diseases. As with the current COVID-19 vaccines, these mRNA-based vaccine candidates are being developed for parenteral administration via injections. However, most of the emerging viruses colonize the mucosal surfaces prior to systemic infection making it very crucial to target mucosal immunity. Although parenterally administered vaccines would induce a robust systemic immunity, they often provoke a weak mucosal immunity which may not be effective in preventing mucosal infection. In contrast, mucosal administration potentially offers the dual benefit of inducing potent mucosal and systemic immunity which would be more effective in offering protection against mucosal viral infection. There are however many challenges posed by the mucosal environment which impede successful mucosal vaccination. The development of an effective delivery system remains a major challenge to the successful exploitation of mucosal mRNA vaccination. Nonetheless, a number of delivery vehicles have been experimentally harnessed with different degrees of success in the mucosal delivery of mRNA vaccines. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of mRNA vaccines and summarise their application in the fight against emerging viral diseases with particular emphasis on COVID-19 mRNA platforms. Furthermore, we discuss the prospects and challenges of mucosal administration of mRNA-based vaccines, and we explore the existing experimental studies on mucosal mRNA vaccine delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sodiq A. Hameed
- grid.7849.20000 0001 2150 7757Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Stephane Paul
- CIRI – Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, F42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Giann Kerwin Y. Dellosa
- grid.7849.20000 0001 2150 7757Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Dolores Jaraquemada
- grid.7080.f0000 0001 2296 0625Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola, Spain
| | - Muhammad Bashir Bello
- grid.412771.60000 0001 2150 5428Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University PMB, 2346 Sokoto, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
127
|
Izumo T, Awano N, Kuse N, Sakamoto K, Takada K, Muto Y, Fujimoto K, Saiki A, Ito Y, Ota H, Inomata M. Efficacy and safety of sotrovimab for vaccinated or unvaccinated patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 in the omicron era. Drug Discov Ther 2022; 16:124-127. [PMID: 35753770 DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2022.01036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Although sotrovimab, one of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) neutralizing antibodies has been shown to be effective in patients with mild-to-moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with risk factors, their efficacy in mRNA COVID-19 vaccinated patients in omicron era is unknown. To evaluate the effectiveness of sotrovimab clinical data from both COVID-19 vaccinated and unvaccinated patients who were hospitalized and receiving sotrovimab at the Japanese Red Cross Medical Center were compared. The efficacy and adverse events were evaluated. Of the total 60 patients enrolled in this study, 45 had received the mRNA COVID-19 vaccine and 15 were unvaccinated. The clinical progression with low nasal cannula or face mask was not significantly different between groups (occurring in one patient in each group; p = 0.44), with no further progression in both groups. The duration of hospitalization was eight days for both groups (p = 0.90). Two patients in each group experienced adverse events (7%, p = 0.26). The results suggested that the efficacy and safety of sotrovimab against mild-to-moderate COVID-19 with risk factors in the omicron era might not be different regardless of the vaccination status. The results of the present study are encouraging; however, further randomized clinical studies are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Izumo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyasu Awano
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Kuse
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keita Sakamoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Takada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Muto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazushi Fujimoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayae Saiki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Ito
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ota
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minoru Inomata
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
128
|
Miranda MNS, Pingarilho M, Pimentel V, Torneri A, Seabra SG, Libin PJK, Abecasis AB. A Tale of Three Recent Pandemics: Influenza, HIV and SARS-CoV-2. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:889643. [PMID: 35722303 PMCID: PMC9201468 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.889643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging infectious diseases are one of the main threats to public health, with the potential to cause a pandemic when the infectious agent manages to spread globally. The first major pandemic to appear in the 20th century was the influenza pandemic of 1918, caused by the influenza A H1N1 strain that is characterized by a high fatality rate. Another major pandemic was caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), that started early in the 20th century and remained undetected until 1981. The ongoing HIV pandemic demonstrated a high mortality and morbidity rate, with discrepant impacts in different regions around the globe. The most recent major pandemic event, is the ongoing pandemic of COVID-19, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which has caused over 5.7 million deaths since its emergence, 2 years ago. The aim of this work is to highlight the main determinants of the emergence, epidemic response and available countermeasures of these three pandemics, as we argue that such knowledge is paramount to prepare for the next pandemic. We analyse these pandemics’ historical and epidemiological contexts and the determinants of their emergence. Furthermore, we compare pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical interventions that have been used to slow down these three pandemics and zoom in on the technological advances that were made in the progress. Finally, we discuss the evolution of epidemiological modelling, that has become an essential tool to support public health policy making and discuss it in the context of these three pandemics. While these pandemics are caused by distinct viruses, that ignited in different time periods and in different regions of the globe, our work shows that many of the determinants of their emergence and countermeasures used to halt transmission were common. Therefore, it is important to further improve and optimize such approaches and adapt it to future threatening emerging infectious diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mafalda N S Miranda
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical/Universidade Nova de Lisboa (IHMT/UNL), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marta Pingarilho
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical/Universidade Nova de Lisboa (IHMT/UNL), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Victor Pimentel
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical/Universidade Nova de Lisboa (IHMT/UNL), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Andrea Torneri
- Artificial Intelligence Lab, Department of Computer Science, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sofia G Seabra
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical/Universidade Nova de Lisboa (IHMT/UNL), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pieter J K Libin
- Artificial Intelligence Lab, Department of Computer Science, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Interuniversity Institute of Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics, Data Science Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ana B Abecasis
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical/Universidade Nova de Lisboa (IHMT/UNL), Lisboa, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
129
|
Tian F, Yang R. Safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines in children and adolescents: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. J Med Virol 2022; 94:4644-4653. [PMID: 35705969 PMCID: PMC9350282 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
To systematically review and synthesize the safety and efficacy of coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) vaccines in children and adolescents. PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library databases, the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP), the Chinese Clinical Trials Registry (ChiCTR), and ClinicalTrials.gov website were searched to collect accessible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about the safety and efficacy of human COVID‐19 vaccines in children and adolescents until May 1, 2022. Three steps, including duplicate removal, title and abstract screening, and full‐text review, were used to screen the studies. The Cochrane risk‐of‐bias tool for RCTs was used to assess the bias risk of the included studies. Microsoft Excel 16.57 (2021) software was used for data extraction and analysis. (PROSPERO Code No: CRD42021295422). COVID‐19 vaccines were evaluated in a total of 10 950 children and adolescents in seven published studies and over 49 530 participants in 26 ongoing randomized controlled trials. Descriptive findings of the included published studies were reported stratified by vaccine type. The overall, local, and systemic adverse events following immunization (AEFIs) reported in most trials were similar between the vaccine and placebo groups. Most of the reactions reported were mild to moderate, whereas a few were severe. The common adverse events were injection‐site pain, fever, headache, cough, fatigue, and muscle pain. Few clinical trials reported serious adverse events, but most of them were unrelated to vaccination. In terms of efficacy, the investigated messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine was found to be 90.7%–100% efficacious in preventing COVID‐19 among children and adolescents, revealing good efficacy profiles in this age group. Among children and adolescents, the safety of current COVID‐19 vaccines is acceptable, and studies have suggested that mRNA vaccines can provide high protection against COVID‐19 infection in pediatric age groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Tian
- Department of Pharmacy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruonan Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
130
|
Carascal MB, Pavon RDN, Rivera WL. Recent Progress in Recombinant Influenza Vaccine Development Toward Heterosubtypic Immune Response. Front Immunol 2022; 13:878943. [PMID: 35663997 PMCID: PMC9162156 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.878943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Flu, a viral infection caused by the influenza virus, is still a global public health concern with potential to cause seasonal epidemics and pandemics. Vaccination is considered the most effective protective strategy against the infection. However, given the high plasticity of the virus and the suboptimal immunogenicity of existing influenza vaccines, scientists are moving toward the development of universal vaccines. An important property of universal vaccines is their ability to induce heterosubtypic immunity, i.e., a wide immune response coverage toward different influenza subtypes. With the increasing number of studies and mounting evidence on the safety and efficacy of recombinant influenza vaccines (RIVs), they have been proposed as promising platforms for the development of universal vaccines. This review highlights the current progress and advances in the development of RIVs in the context of heterosubtypic immunity induction toward universal vaccine production. In particular, this review discussed existing knowledge on influenza and vaccine development, current hemagglutinin-based RIVs in the market and in the pipeline, other potential vaccine targets for RIVs (neuraminidase, matrix 1 and 2, nucleoprotein, polymerase acidic, and basic 1 and 2 antigens), and deantigenization process. This review also provided discussion points and future perspectives in looking at RIVs as potential universal vaccine candidates for influenza.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark B Carascal
- Pathogen-Host-Environment Interactions Research Laboratory, Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines.,Clinical and Translational Research Institute, The Medical City, Pasig City, Philippines
| | - Rance Derrick N Pavon
- Pathogen-Host-Environment Interactions Research Laboratory, Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Windell L Rivera
- Pathogen-Host-Environment Interactions Research Laboratory, Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| |
Collapse
|
131
|
Fu YC, Su YS, Shen CF, Cheng CM. How to Evaluate COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness—An Examination of Antibody Production and T-Cell Response. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12061401. [PMID: 35741211 PMCID: PMC9222158 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12061401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chen Fu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; (Y.-C.F.); (Y.-S.S.)
| | - Ying-Shih Su
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; (Y.-C.F.); (Y.-S.S.)
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Medical Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Fen Shen
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-F.S.); (C.-M.C.)
| | - Chao-Min Cheng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; (Y.-C.F.); (Y.-S.S.)
- Correspondence: (C.-F.S.); (C.-M.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
132
|
Seneff S, Nigh G, Kyriakopoulos AM, McCullough PA. Innate immune suppression by SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccinations: The role of G-quadruplexes, exosomes, and MicroRNAs. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 164:113008. [PMID: 35436552 PMCID: PMC9012513 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccines were brought to market in response to the public health crises of Covid-19. The utilization of mRNA vaccines in the context of infectious disease has no precedent. The many alterations in the vaccine mRNA hide the mRNA from cellular defenses and promote a longer biological half-life and high production of spike protein. However, the immune response to the vaccine is very different from that to a SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this paper, we present evidence that vaccination induces a profound impairment in type I interferon signaling, which has diverse adverse consequences to human health. Immune cells that have taken up the vaccine nanoparticles release into circulation large numbers of exosomes containing spike protein along with critical microRNAs that induce a signaling response in recipient cells at distant sites. We also identify potential profound disturbances in regulatory control of protein synthesis and cancer surveillance. These disturbances potentially have a causal link to neurodegenerative disease, myocarditis, immune thrombocytopenia, Bell's palsy, liver disease, impaired adaptive immunity, impaired DNA damage response and tumorigenesis. We show evidence from the VAERS database supporting our hypothesis. We believe a comprehensive risk/benefit assessment of the mRNA vaccines questions them as positive contributors to public health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Seneff
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA, 02139.
| | - Greg Nigh
- Immersion Health, Portland, OR, 97214, USA.
| | - Anthony M Kyriakopoulos
- Research and Development, Nasco AD Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Research and Development, Sachtouri 11, 18536, Piraeus, Greece.
| | | |
Collapse
|
133
|
Paramita S, Khotimah S, Marwan M, Isnuwardhana R, Fitriany E, Nufus AZSZ. Seroprevalence Surgery of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies Based on COVID-19 Vaccine Type in Academy Community, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.9957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY: The implementation of the vaccine on a large scale has almost reached all provinces in Indonesia. East Kalimantan, one of the provinces affected by COVID-19, has also implemented a vaccine program. Seroprevalence surveys are essential to describe the success of vaccine program based on antibody titre test.
AIM OF THE STUDY: This study aims to determine the anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody titre value based on the type of vaccine received by the academic community in Samarinda, one of the cities most affected by COVID-19 in East Kalimantan.
METHODOLOGY: The study was population-based. The study sampled 100 people from the community. Participants must be in good health, aged 16-60, with a positive COVID-19 test, no comorbid illnesses or other chronic problems, no blood transfusions, and most importantly, have received the least initial dosage of immunization. The data will be analyzed using SPSS 26 and STATA 16. A normality test and Tobit regression test to determine the antibody distribution in each vaccine type.
RESULTS: The results showed that Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine provided a significant (p=0.001) increase in antibody prediction of 1090 U/ml (95% CI: 764-1416), while Pfizer provided a significant (p=0.000) rise of 766 U/ml (95% CI: 307-1226).
CONCLUSION: According to the results of a seroprevalence survey conducted among the academic community in East Kalimantan, receivers of inactivated vaccinations outnumbered those of mRNA and vector-based vaccines. It can be determined that booster immunizations for students and academic staff are required to guard against COVID-19 infection. As boosters, both Moderna's COVID-19 Vaccine and Pfizer's COVID-19 Vaccine are strongly recommended.
Collapse
|
134
|
Grimmett E, Al-Share B, Alkassab MB, Zhou RW, Desai A, Rahim MMA, Woldie I. Cancer vaccines: past, present and future; a review article. Discov Oncol 2022; 13:31. [PMID: 35576080 PMCID: PMC9108694 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-022-00491-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy and vaccines have revolutionized disease treatment and prevention. Vaccines against infectious diseases have been in use for several decades. In contrast, only few cancer vaccines have been approved for human use. These include preventative vaccines against infectious agents associated with cancers, and therapeutic vaccines used as immunotherapy agents to treat cancers. Challenges in developing cancer vaccines include heterogeneity within and between cancer types, screening and identification of appropriate tumour-specific antigens, and the choice of vaccine delivery platforms. Recent advances in all of these areas and the lessons learnt from COVID-19 vaccines have significantly boosted interest in cancer vaccines. Further advances in these areas are expected to facilitate development of effective novel cancer vaccines. In this review, we aim to discuss the past, the present, and the future of cancer vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eddie Grimmett
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Ryan Weng Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Advait Desai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Mir Munir A Rahim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada.
| | - Indryas Woldie
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada.
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
135
|
Alagheband Bahrami A, Azargoonjahromi A, Sadraei S, Aarabi A, Payandeh Z, Rajabibazl M. An overview of current drugs and prophylactic vaccines for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Cell Mol Biol Lett 2022; 27:38. [PMID: 35562685 PMCID: PMC9100302 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-022-00339-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Designing and producing an effective vaccine is the best possible way to reduce the burden and spread of a disease. During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, many large pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies invested a great deal of time and money in trying to control and combat the disease. In this regard, due to the urgent need, many vaccines are now available earlier than scheduled. Based on their manufacturing technology, the vaccines available for COVID-19 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SAR-CoV2)) infection can be classified into four platforms: RNA vaccines, adenovirus vector vaccines, subunit (protein-based) vaccines, and inactivated virus vaccines. Moreover, various drugs have been deemed to negatively affect the progression of the infection via various actions. However, adaptive variants of the SARS-CoV-2 genome can alter the pathogenic potential of the virus and increase the difficulty of both drug and vaccine development. In this review, along with drugs used in COVID-19 treatment, currently authorized COVID-19 vaccines as well as variants of the virus are described and evaluated, considering all platforms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Armina Alagheband Bahrami
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Samin Sadraei
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aryan Aarabi
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Payandeh
- Department Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division Medical Inflammation Research, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Masoumeh Rajabibazl
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
136
|
Bornewasser L, Domnick C, Kath-Schorr S. Stronger together for in-cell translation: natural and unnatural base modified mRNA. Chem Sci 2022; 13:4753-4761. [PMID: 35655897 PMCID: PMC9067582 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00670g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The preparation of highly modified mRNAs and visualization of their cellular distribution are challenging. We report in-cell application of in vitro transcribed mRNA containing natural base modifications and site-specifically introduced artificial nucleotides. Click chemistry on mRNA allows visualization in cells with excellent signal intensities. While non-specific introduction of reporter groups often leads to loss in mRNA functionality, we combined the benefits from site-specificity in the 3′-UTR incorporated unnatural nucleotides with the improved translation efficiency of the natural base modifications Ψ and 5mC. A series of experiments is described to observe, quantify and verify mRNA functionality. This approach represents a new way to visualize mRNA delivery into cells and monitor its spread on a cellular level and translation efficiency. We observed increased protein expression from this twofold chemically modified, artificial mRNA counterbalancing a reduced transfection rate. This synergetic effect can be exploited as a powerful tool for future research on mRNA therapeutics. Introducing unnatural base modifications site-specifically into the 3′-UTR of an mRNA bearing natural base modifications allows efficient visualization in cells by click chemistry. An enhanced protein expression in cells is observed from this twofold modified mRNA.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Bornewasser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne Greinstrasse 4 50939 Cologne Germany
| | - Christof Domnick
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne Greinstrasse 4 50939 Cologne Germany
| | - Stephanie Kath-Schorr
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne Greinstrasse 4 50939 Cologne Germany
| |
Collapse
|
137
|
Greis K, Kirschbaum C, Taccone MI, Götze M, Gewinner S, Schöllkopf W, Meijer G, von Helden G, Pagel K. Studying the Key Intermediate of RNA Autohydrolysis by Cryogenic Gas-Phase Infrared Spectroscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202115481. [PMID: 35231141 PMCID: PMC9314874 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202115481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, mRNA-based vaccines have gained tremendous importance. The development and analysis of modified RNA molecules benefit from advanced mass spectrometry and require sufficient understanding of fragmentation processes. Analogous to the degradation of RNA in solution by autohydrolysis, backbone cleavage of RNA strands was equally observed in the gas phase; however, the fragmentation mechanism remained elusive. In this work, autohydrolysis-like intermediates were generated from isolated RNA dinucleotides in the gas phase and investigated using cryogenic infrared spectroscopy in helium nanodroplets. Data from both experiment and density functional theory provide evidence for the formation of a five-membered cyclic phosphate intermediate and rule out linear or six-membered structures. Furthermore, the experiments show that another prominent condensed-phase reaction of RNA nucleotides can be induced in the gas phase: the tautomerization of cytosine. Both observed reactions are therefore highly universal and intrinsic properties of the investigated molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kim Greis
- Institut für Chemie und BiochemieFreie Universität BerlinArnimallee 2214195BerlinGermany
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-GesellschaftFaradayweg 4–614195BerlinGermany
| | - Carla Kirschbaum
- Institut für Chemie und BiochemieFreie Universität BerlinArnimallee 2214195BerlinGermany
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-GesellschaftFaradayweg 4–614195BerlinGermany
| | - Martín I. Taccone
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-GesellschaftFaradayweg 4–614195BerlinGermany
| | - Michael Götze
- Institut für Chemie und BiochemieFreie Universität BerlinArnimallee 2214195BerlinGermany
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-GesellschaftFaradayweg 4–614195BerlinGermany
| | - Sandy Gewinner
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-GesellschaftFaradayweg 4–614195BerlinGermany
| | - Wieland Schöllkopf
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-GesellschaftFaradayweg 4–614195BerlinGermany
| | - Gerard Meijer
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-GesellschaftFaradayweg 4–614195BerlinGermany
| | - Gert von Helden
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-GesellschaftFaradayweg 4–614195BerlinGermany
| | - Kevin Pagel
- Institut für Chemie und BiochemieFreie Universität BerlinArnimallee 2214195BerlinGermany
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-GesellschaftFaradayweg 4–614195BerlinGermany
| |
Collapse
|
138
|
Deviatkin AA, Simonov RA, Trutneva KA, Maznina AA, Khavina EM, Volchkov PY. Universal Flu mRNA Vaccine: Promises, Prospects, and Problems. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10050709. [PMID: 35632465 PMCID: PMC9145388 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10050709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The seasonal flu vaccine is, essentially, the only known way to prevent influenza epidemics. However, this approach has limited efficacy due to the high diversity of influenza viruses. Several techniques could potentially overcome this obstacle. A recent first-in-human study of a chimeric hemagglutinin-based universal influenza virus vaccine demonstrated promising results. The coronavirus pandemic triggered the development of fundamentally new vaccine platforms that have demonstrated their effectiveness in humans. Currently, there are around a dozen messenger RNA and self-amplifying RNA flu vaccines in clinical or preclinical trials. However, the applicability of novel approaches for a universal influenza vaccine creation remains unclear. The current review aims to cover the current state of this problem and to suggest future directions for RNA-based flu vaccine development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrei A. Deviatkin
- The National Medical Research Center for Endocrinology, 117036 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.D.); (K.A.T.)
- Genome Engineering Lab, Life Sciences Research Center, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), 141700 Dolgoprudniy, Russia; (R.A.S.); (A.A.M.); (E.M.K.)
| | - Ruslan A. Simonov
- Genome Engineering Lab, Life Sciences Research Center, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), 141700 Dolgoprudniy, Russia; (R.A.S.); (A.A.M.); (E.M.K.)
| | - Kseniya A. Trutneva
- The National Medical Research Center for Endocrinology, 117036 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.D.); (K.A.T.)
- Genome Engineering Lab, Life Sciences Research Center, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), 141700 Dolgoprudniy, Russia; (R.A.S.); (A.A.M.); (E.M.K.)
| | - Anna A. Maznina
- Genome Engineering Lab, Life Sciences Research Center, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), 141700 Dolgoprudniy, Russia; (R.A.S.); (A.A.M.); (E.M.K.)
| | - Elena M. Khavina
- Genome Engineering Lab, Life Sciences Research Center, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), 141700 Dolgoprudniy, Russia; (R.A.S.); (A.A.M.); (E.M.K.)
| | - Pavel Y. Volchkov
- The National Medical Research Center for Endocrinology, 117036 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.D.); (K.A.T.)
- Genome Engineering Lab, Life Sciences Research Center, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), 141700 Dolgoprudniy, Russia; (R.A.S.); (A.A.M.); (E.M.K.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
139
|
Domazet-Lošo T. mRNA Vaccines: Why Is the Biology of Retroposition Ignored? Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:719. [PMID: 35627104 PMCID: PMC9141755 DOI: 10.3390/genes13050719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The major advantage of mRNA vaccines over more conventional approaches is their potential for rapid development and large-scale deployment in pandemic situations. In the current COVID-19 crisis, two mRNA COVID-19 vaccines have been conditionally approved and broadly applied, while others are still in clinical trials. However, there is no previous experience with the use of mRNA vaccines on a large scale in the general population. This warrants a careful evaluation of mRNA vaccine safety properties by considering all available knowledge about mRNA molecular biology and evolution. Here, I discuss the pervasive claim that mRNA-based vaccines cannot alter genomes. Surprisingly, this notion is widely stated in the mRNA vaccine literature but never supported by referencing any primary scientific papers that would specifically address this question. This discrepancy becomes even more puzzling if one considers previous work on the molecular and evolutionary aspects of retroposition in murine and human populations that clearly documents the frequent integration of mRNA molecules into genomes, including clinical contexts. By performing basic comparisons, I show that the sequence features of mRNA vaccines meet all known requirements for retroposition using L1 elements-the most abundant autonomously active retrotransposons in the human genome. In fact, many factors associated with mRNA vaccines increase the possibility of their L1-mediated retroposition. I conclude that is unfounded to a priori assume that mRNA-based therapeutics do not impact genomes and that the route to genome integration of vaccine mRNAs via endogenous L1 retroelements is easily conceivable. This implies that we urgently need experimental studies that would rigorously test for the potential retroposition of vaccine mRNAs. At present, the insertional mutagenesis safety of mRNA-based vaccines should be considered unresolved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomislav Domazet-Lošo
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- School of Medicine, Catholic University of Croatia, Ilica 242, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
140
|
Nucleic Acids as Biotools at the Interface between Chemistry and Nanomedicine in the COVID-19 Era. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084359. [PMID: 35457177 PMCID: PMC9031702 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent development of mRNA vaccines against the SARS-CoV-2 infection has turned the spotlight on the potential of nucleic acids as innovative prophylactic agents and as diagnostic and therapeutic tools. Until now, their use has been severely limited by their reduced half-life in the biological environment and the difficulties related to their transport to target cells. These limiting aspects can now be overcome by resorting to chemical modifications in the drug and using appropriate nanocarriers, respectively. Oligonucleotides can interact with complementary sequences of nucleic acid targets, forming stable complexes and determining their loss of function. An alternative strategy uses nucleic acid aptamers that, like the antibodies, bind to specific proteins to modulate their activity. In this review, the authors will examine the recent literature on nucleic acids-based strategies in the COVID-19 era, focusing the attention on their applications for the prophylaxis of COVID-19, but also on antisense- and aptamer-based strategies directed to the diagnosis and therapy of the coronavirus pandemic.
Collapse
|
141
|
Abstract
COVID-19 has challenged primary care clinicians to rapidly learn new information and adapt clinical practice in response to the continuous evolution of prevention, diagnosis, and management measures. The introduction of COVID-19 vaccination for age-eligible children has afforded increased opportunities for disease prevention, and the pandemic has highlighted the need for primary care clinicians to serve as advocates for their young patients and their communities.
Collapse
|
142
|
Dutta N, Deb I, Sarzynska J, Lahiri A. Data-informed reparameterization of modified RNA and the effect of explicit water models: application to pseudouridine and derivatives. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2022; 36:205-224. [PMID: 35338419 PMCID: PMC8956458 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-022-00447-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pseudouridine is one of the most abundant post-transcriptional modifications in RNA. We have previously shown that the FF99-derived parameters for pseudouridine and some of its naturally occurring derivatives in the AMBER distribution either alone or in combination with the revised γ torsion parameters (parmbsc0) failed to reproduce their conformational characteristics observed experimentally (Deb et al. in J Chem Inf Model 54:1129–1142, 2014; Deb et al. in J Comput Chem 37:1576–1588, 2016; Dutta et al. in J Chem Inf Model 60:4995–5002, 2020). However, the application of the recommended bsc0 correction did lead to an improvement in the description not only of the distribution in the γ torsional space but also of the sugar pucker distributions. In an earlier study, we examined the transferability of the revised glycosidic torsion parameters (χIDRP) for Ψ to its derivatives. We noticed that although these parameters in combination with the AMBER FF99-derived parameters and the revised γ torsional parameters resulted in conformational properties of these residues that were in better agreement with experimental observations, the sugar pucker distributions were still not reproduced accurately. Here we report a new set of partial atomic charges for pseudouridine, 1-methylpseudouridine, 3-methylpseudouridine and 2′-O-methylpseudouridine and a new set of glycosidic torsional parameters (χND) based on chosen glycosidic torsional profiles that most closely corresponded to the NMR data for conformational propensities and studied their effect on the conformational distributions using REMD simulations at the individual nucleoside level. We have also studied the effect of the choice of water model on the conformational characteristics of these modified nucleosides. Our observations suggest that the current revised set of parameters and partial atomic charges describe the sugar pucker distributions for these residues more accurately and that the choice of a suitable water model is important for the accurate description of their conformational properties. We have further validated the revised sets of parameters by studying the effect of substitution of uridine with pseudouridine within single stranded RNA oligonucleotides on their conformational and hydration characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita Dutta
- Department of Biophysics, Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Calcutta, 92, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700009, India
| | - Indrajit Deb
- Department of Biophysics, Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Calcutta, 92, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700009, India
| | - Joanna Sarzynska
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704, Poznan, Poland
| | - Ansuman Lahiri
- Department of Biophysics, Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Calcutta, 92, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700009, India.
| |
Collapse
|
143
|
Liu Y, Ye Q. Safety and Efficacy of the Common Vaccines against COVID-19. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10040513. [PMID: 35455262 PMCID: PMC9027683 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10040513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has imposed a challenge on human health worldwide, and vaccination represents a vital strategy to control the pandemic. To date, multiple COVID-19 vaccines have been granted emergency use authorization, including inactivated vaccines, adenovirus-vectored vaccines, and nucleic acid vaccines. These vaccines have different technical principles, which will necessarily lead to differences in safety and efficacy. Therefore, we aim to implement a systematic review by synthesizing clinical experimental data combined with mass vaccination data and conducting a synthesis to evaluate the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines. Compared with other vaccines, adverse reactions after vaccination with inactivated vaccines are relatively low. The efficacy of inactivated vaccines is approximately 60%, adenovirus-vectored vaccines are 65%, and mRNA vaccines are 90%, which are always efficient against asymptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, symptomatic COVID-19, COVID-19 hospitalization, severe or critical hospitalization, and death. RNA-based vaccines have a number of advantages and are one of the most promising vaccines identified to date and are particularly important during a pandemic. However, further improvements are required. In time, all the antibody levels weaken gradually, so a booster dose is needed to maintain immunity. Compared with homologous prime-boost immunization, heterologous prime-boost immunization prompts more robust humoral and cellular immune responses.
Collapse
|
144
|
Belete TM. The Immune Response, Safety, and Efficacy of Emergency Use Authorization-Granted COVID-19 Vaccines: A Review. Open Microbiol J 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/18742858-v16-e2201240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 has affected millions of people, causing a burden on healthcare systems as well as economies throughout the world. Antiviral drugs do not work well enough for everyone. The mortality rate in the world is still significant. Developing safe, effective, affordable, and fast-acting vaccines for COVID-19 is critical for reducing new viral strains in this pandemic and re-establishing normality in the future. Therefore, several pharmaceutical companies are racing to develop effective vaccines for COVID-19. Scientists have developed different kinds of candidate vaccines with various platforms. By March 2021, thirteen vaccines were approved for emergency use in several countries across the world, whilst over 90 vaccine candidates were under clinical trials. There are also several vaccine candidates in Phase 3 trials awaiting results and approval for their use. These candidate vaccines revealed positive results in the previous phase trials, whereby they can induce an immune response with less adverse reaction in the participants. This review focuses on the development of COVID-19 vaccines and highlights the efficacy and adverse reactions of vaccines authorized for emergency use.
Collapse
|
145
|
Greis K, Kirschbaum C, Taccone MI, Götze M, Gewinner S, Schöllkopf W, Meijer G, Helden G, Pagel K. Untersuchung des reaktiven Intermediats der RNA Autohydrolyse mittels kryogener Infrarotspektroskopie in der Gasphase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202115481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kim Greis
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie Freie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 22 14195 Berlin Deutschland
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Faradayweg 4–6 14195 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Carla Kirschbaum
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie Freie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 22 14195 Berlin Deutschland
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Faradayweg 4–6 14195 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Martín I. Taccone
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Faradayweg 4–6 14195 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Michael Götze
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie Freie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 22 14195 Berlin Deutschland
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Faradayweg 4–6 14195 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Sandy Gewinner
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Faradayweg 4–6 14195 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Wieland Schöllkopf
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Faradayweg 4–6 14195 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Gerard Meijer
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Faradayweg 4–6 14195 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Gert Helden
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Faradayweg 4–6 14195 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Kevin Pagel
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie Freie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 22 14195 Berlin Deutschland
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Faradayweg 4–6 14195 Berlin Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
146
|
Zhang C, Ma Y, Zhang J, Kuo JCT, Zhang Z, Xie H, Zhu J, Liu T. Modification of Lipid-Based Nanoparticles: An Efficient Delivery System for Nucleic Acid-Based Immunotherapy. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27061943. [PMID: 35335310 PMCID: PMC8949521 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid-based nanoparticles (LBNPs) are biocompatible and biodegradable vesicles that are considered to be one of the most efficient drug delivery platforms. Due to the prominent advantages, such as long circulation time, slow drug release, reduced toxicity, high transfection efficiency, and endosomal escape capacity, such synthetic nanoparticles have been widely used for carrying genetic therapeutics, particularly nucleic acids that can be applied in the treatment for various diseases, including congenital diseases, cancers, virus infections, and chronic inflammations. Despite great merits and multiple successful applications, many extracellular and intracellular barriers remain and greatly impair delivery efficacy and therapeutic outcomes. As such, the current state of knowledge and pitfalls regarding the gene delivery and construction of LBNPs will be initially summarized. In order to develop a new generation of LBNPs for improved delivery profiles and therapeutic effects, the modification strategies of LBNPs will be reviewed. On the basis of these developed modifications, the performance of LBNPs as therapeutic nanoplatforms have been greatly improved and extensively applied in immunotherapies, including infectious diseases and cancers. However, the therapeutic applications of LBNPs systems are still limited due to the undesirable endosomal escape, potential aggregation, and the inefficient encapsulation of therapeutics. Herein, we will review and discuss recent advances and remaining challenges in the development of LBNPs for nucleic acid-based immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (C.Z.); (J.C.-T.K.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Yifan Ma
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (Y.M.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (Y.M.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jimmy Chun-Tien Kuo
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (C.Z.); (J.C.-T.K.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zhongkun Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (C.Z.); (J.C.-T.K.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Haotian Xie
- Department of Statistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Jing Zhu
- College of Nursing and Health Innovation, The University of Texas Arlington, Arlington, TX 76010, USA
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (T.L.); Tel.: +1-614-570-1164 (J.Z.); +86-186-6501-3854 (T.L.)
| | - Tongzheng Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (T.L.); Tel.: +1-614-570-1164 (J.Z.); +86-186-6501-3854 (T.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
147
|
Salleh MZ, Norazmi MN, Deris ZZ. Immunogenicity mechanism of mRNA vaccines and their limitations in promoting adaptive protection against SARS-CoV-2. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13083. [PMID: 35287350 PMCID: PMC8917804 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in late 2019, hundreds of millions of people have been infected worldwide. There have been unprecedented efforts in acquiring effective vaccines to confer protection against the disease. mRNA vaccines have emerged as promising alternatives to conventional vaccines due to their high potency with the capacity for rapid development and low manufacturing costs. In this review, we summarize the currently available vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 in development, with the focus on the concepts of mRNA vaccines, their antigen selection, delivery and optimization to increase the immunostimulatory capability of mRNA as well as its stability and translatability. We also discuss the host immune responses to the SARS-CoV-2 infection and expound in detail, the adaptive immune response upon immunization with mRNA vaccines, in which high levels of spike-specific IgG and neutralizing antibodies were detected after two-dose vaccination. mRNA vaccines have been shown to induce a robust CD8+T cell response, with a balanced CD4+ TH1/TH2 response. We further discuss the challenges and limitations of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines, where newly emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2 may render currently deployed vaccines less effective. Imbalanced and inappropriate inflammatory responses, resulting from hyper-activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which may lead to vaccine-associated enhanced respiratory disease (VAERD) and rare cases of myocarditis and pericarditis also are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Zulkifli Salleh
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bahru, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Nor Norazmi
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bahru, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Zakuan Zainy Deris
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bahru, Kelantan, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
148
|
Kis Z, Tak K, Ibrahim D, Papathanasiou MM, Chachuat B, Shah N, Kontoravdi C. Pandemic-response adenoviral vector and RNA vaccine manufacturing. NPJ Vaccines 2022; 7:29. [PMID: 35236838 PMCID: PMC8891260 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-022-00447-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid global COVID-19 pandemic response by mass vaccination is currently limited by the rate of vaccine manufacturing. This study presents a techno-economic feasibility assessment and comparison of three vaccine production platform technologies deployed during the COVID-19 pandemic: (1) adenovirus-vectored (AVV) vaccines, (2) messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines, and (3) the newer self-amplifying RNA (saRNA) vaccines. Besides assessing the baseline performance of the production process, impact of key design and operational uncertainties on the productivity and cost performance of these vaccine platforms is quantified using variance-based global sensitivity analysis. Cost and resource requirement projections are computed for manufacturing multi-billion vaccine doses for covering the current global demand shortage and for providing annual booster immunisations. The model-based assessment provides key insights to policymakers and vaccine manufacturers for risk analysis, asset utilisation, directions for future technology improvements and future epidemic/pandemic preparedness, given the disease-agnostic nature of these vaccine production platforms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Kis
- The Sargent Centre for Process Systems Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK. .,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK.
| | - Kyungjae Tak
- The Sargent Centre for Process Systems Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Dauda Ibrahim
- The Sargent Centre for Process Systems Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Maria M Papathanasiou
- The Sargent Centre for Process Systems Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Benoît Chachuat
- The Sargent Centre for Process Systems Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Nilay Shah
- The Sargent Centre for Process Systems Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Cleo Kontoravdi
- The Sargent Centre for Process Systems Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
149
|
Kim JW, Jung JY, Suh CH, Kim HA. Flare of adult-onset Still's disease following mRNA COVID-19 vaccination: a case report and review of literature. Clin Rheumatol 2022; 41:1583-1589. [PMID: 35182269 PMCID: PMC8857632 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-022-06106-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The upheaval caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has allowed to large population to use new vaccines urgently. Although vaccine development programs and available epidemiological data reassure us, there are concerns about specific risks associated with vaccinations in patients with autoimmune-autoinflammatory diseases. These patients have the potential to decrease humoral and cellular immune responses caused by biologic agents and develop an acute flare of underlying disease following vaccination. We herein present a rare case of a 49-year-old female with a flare of adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD) after the first dose of BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccination. She had been diagnosed with AOSD 7 years earlier and had achieved remission with tocilizumab. This patient came to the emergency room with fever and nausea that occurred 4 days after the first vaccination. Based on laboratory results and clinical manifestations, we suspected AOSD flare and was treated with steroid pulse therapy. In this report, we also discuss possible mechanisms linking vaccination with a flare of AOSD. Considering the close time relationship between COVID-19 vaccinations and a flare of AOSD, physicians should be aware of adverse events from this new vaccination and evaluate the benefits and risks of vaccination for each patient. KEY POINTS: • COVID-19 vaccination may cause an AOSD flare in patients who are in remission with tocilizumab.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Won Kim
- Department of Rheumatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499 Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Yang Jung
- Department of Rheumatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499 Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hee Suh
- Department of Rheumatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoun-Ah Kim
- Department of Rheumatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
150
|
Ordoñez R, Solano D, Granizo G. T and B Cells Immune Response and the importance of vaccines Against SARS-CoV-2. BIONATURA 2022. [DOI: 10.21931/rb/2022.07.01.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 has become a global pandemic because it is a severe respiratory syndrome that attacks many people worldwide and can lead to death depending on the severity. In recent years, the study of the acquired immune response (T cells) and innate (B cells) has increased to better treat the disease from the quantitative cell count. A picture has begun to emerge revealing that CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and neutralizing antibodies contribute to the control of SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 cases. This work studies the three fundamental components of the adaptive immune system: B cells (the source of antibodies), CD4+T cells, and CD8+T cells and their function against SARS-CoV2. The importance of vaccines and the different types of existing vaccines are discussed. Implications of covid-19 variants on Immunity and vaccine types are also analyzed to understand how the action of the immune system will help treat the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronny Ordoñez
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Hacienda San José s/n, San Miguel de Urcuquí 100119, Ecuador
| | - Dulexy Solano
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Hacienda San José s/n, San Miguel de Urcuquí 100119, Ecuador
| | - Gustavo Granizo
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Hacienda San José s/n, San Miguel de Urcuquí 100119, Ecuador
| |
Collapse
|