101
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Du WW, Zhang C, Yang W, Yong T, Awan FM, Yang BB. Identifying and Characterizing circRNA-Protein Interaction. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:4183-4191. [PMID: 29158818 PMCID: PMC5695005 DOI: 10.7150/thno.21299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 437] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs have been identified as naturally occurring RNAs that are highly represented in the eukaryotic transcriptome. Although a large number of circRNAs have been reported, circRNA functions remain largely unknown. CircRNAs can function as miRNA sponges, thereby reducing their ability to target mRNAs. We hypothesize that circRNAs may bind, store, sort, and sequester proteins to particular subcellular locations, and act as dynamic scaffolding molecules that modulate protein-protein interactions. Here, we review the biological implication and function of circRNA-protein interaction, and reveal a dynamic model of the interaction in various tissues, development stages and physiological conditions. Improved techniques to identify and characterize the dynamic RNA-protein interactions may elucidate the molecular mechanisms associated with the expression and functional diversity of circRNAs.
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102
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Efficacious cellular codelivery of doxorubicin and EGFP siRNA mediated by the composition of PLGA and PEI protected gold nanoparticles. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:4288-4293. [PMID: 28838699 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the simultaneous delivery of EGFP siRNA and the chemotherapeutic drug, doxorubicin by means of the composition that results from the electrostatic interaction between positively charged siRNA-complexes of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) capped with PEI, 25kDa (P25-AuNPs) and negatively charged carboxymethyl cellulose formulated PLGA nanoparticles loaded with doxorubicin. The nanoparticles and their facile interaction were studied by means of dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential, transmission electron microscopic (TEM) measurements. The flow cytometric and confocal microscopic analysis evidenced the simultaneous internalization of both labelled siRNA and doxorubin into around 55% of the HeLa cancer cell population. Fluorescence microscopic studies enabled the visual analysis of EGFP expressing HeLa cells which suggested that the composition mediated codelivery resulted in a substantial downregulation of EGFP expression and intracellular accumulation of doxorubicin. Interestingly, codelivery treatment resulted in an increased cellular delivery of doxorubicin when compared to PLGA-DOX alone treatment. On the other hand, the activity of siRNA complexes of PEI-AuNPs was completely retained even when they were part of composition. The results suggest that this formulation can serve as promising tool for delivery applications in combinatorial anticancer therapy.
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103
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Shahbazi R, Asik E, Kahraman N, Turk M, Ozpolat B, Ulubayram K. Modified gold-based siRNA nanotherapeutics for targeted therapy of triple-negative breast cancer. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2017; 12:1961-1973. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2017-0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: In this study, we aimed to therapeutically target eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase (eEF-2K) in an in vivo triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) tumor model. Materials & methods: We synthesized a highly monodisperse nanoformulation using polyethylenimine-modified gold nanoparticles (AuNP-PEI) as siRNA delivery vehicle and evaluated gene downregulation. Results: We found that AuNP-PEI/eEF-2K nanoformulation was highly effective for in vitro and in vivo gene downregulation and showed remarkable antitumor efficacy that was associated with eEF-2K knockdown, inhibition of Src and MAPK-ERK signaling pathways in a TNBC orthotopic tumor model. Conclusion: Our study suggests that eEF-2K plays an important role in TNBC tumorigenesis and its inhibition by AuNP-PEI/eEF-2K siRNA-based nanotherapeutics may be a potential therapeutic strategy for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Shahbazi
- Department of Nanotechnology & Nanomedicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Elif Asik
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nermin Kahraman
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mustafa Turk
- Department of Bioengineering, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey
| | - Bulent Ozpolat
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for RNA Interference & Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kezban Ulubayram
- Department of Nanotechnology & Nanomedicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Bioengineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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104
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Ye J, Liu E, Gong J, Wang J, Huang Y, He H, Yang VC. High-Yield Synthesis of Monomeric LMWP(CPP)-siRNA Covalent Conjugate for Effective Cytosolic Delivery of siRNA. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:2495-2508. [PMID: 28744330 PMCID: PMC5525752 DOI: 10.7150/thno.19863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of the unparalleled efficiency and universal utility in treating a variety of disease types, siRNA agents have evolved as the future drug-of-choice. Yet, the inability of the polyanionic siRNA macromolecules to cross the cell membrane remains as the bottleneck of possible clinical applications. With the cell penetrating peptides (CPP) being discovered lately, the most effective tactic to achieve the highest intracellular siRNA delivery deems to be by covalently conjugating the drug to a CPP; for instance, the arginine-rich Tat or low molecular weight protamine (LMWP) peptides. However, construction of such a chemical conjugate has been referred by scientists in this field as the “Holy Grail” challenge due to self-assembly of the cationic CPP and anionic siRNA into insoluble aggregates that are deprived of the biological functions of both compounds. Based on the dynamic motion of PEG, we present herein a concise coupling strategy that is capable of permitting a high-yield synthesis of the cell-permeable, cytosol-dissociable LMWP-siRNA covalent conjugates. Cell culture assessment demonstrates that this chemical conjugate yields by far the most effective intracellular siRNA delivery and its corresponded gene-silencing activities. This work may offer a breakthrough advance towards realizing the clinical potential of all siRNA therapeutics and, presumably, most anionic macromolecular drugs such as anti-sense oligonucleotides, gene compounds, DNA vectors and proteins where conjugation with the CPP encounters with problems of aggregation and precipitation. To this end, the impact of this coupling technique is significant, far-reaching and wide-spread.
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105
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Darvishi B, Farahmand L, Majidzadeh-A K. Stimuli-Responsive Mesoporous Silica NPs as Non-viral Dual siRNA/Chemotherapy Carriers for Triple Negative Breast Cancer. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2017; 7:164-180. [PMID: 28624192 PMCID: PMC5415966 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive and lethal subtype of breast cancer. It is associated with a very poor prognosis and intrinsically resistant to several conventional and targeted chemotherapy agents and has a 5-year survival rate of less than 25%. Because the treatment options for TNBC are very limited and not efficient enough for achieving minimum desired goals, shifting toward a new generation of anti-cancer agents appears to be very critical. Among recent alternative approaches being proposed, small interfering RNA (siRNA) gene therapy can potently suppress Bcl-2 proto-oncogene and p-glycoprotein gene expression, the most important chemotherapy resistance inducers in TNBC. When resensitized, primarily ineffective chemotherapy drugs turn back into valuable sources for further intensive chemotherapy. Regrettably, siRNA's poor stability, rapid clearance in the circulatory system, and poor cellular uptake mostly hampers the beneficial outcomes of siRNA therapy. Considering these drawbacks, dual siRNA/chemotherapy drug encapsulation in targeted delivery vehicles, especially mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) appears to be the most reasonable solution. The literature is full of reports of successful treatments of multi-drug-resistant cancer cells by administration of dual drug/siRNA-loaded MSNs. Here we tried to answer the question of whether application of a similar approach with identical delivery devices in TNBC is rational.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrad Darvishi
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, 1517964311 Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Farahmand
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, 1517964311 Tehran, Iran
| | - Keivan Majidzadeh-A
- Genetics Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, 1517964311 Tehran, Iran.
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106
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PEI-cellulose nanocrystal hybrids as efficient siRNA delivery agents—Synthesis, physicochemical characterization and in vitro evaluation. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 164:258-267. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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107
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Yang C, Gao S, Dagnæs-Hansen F, Jakobsen M, Kjems J. Impact of PEG Chain Length on the Physical Properties and Bioactivity of PEGylated Chitosan/siRNA Nanoparticles in Vitro and in Vivo. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:12203-12216. [PMID: 28332829 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b16556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
PEGylation of cationic polyplexes is a promising approach to enhance the stability and reduce unspecific interaction with biological components. Herein, we systematically investigate the impact of PEGylation on physical and biological properties of chitosan/siRNA polyplexes. A series of chitosan-PEG copolymers (CS-PEG2k, CS-PEG5k and CS-PEG10k) were synthesized with similar PEG mass content but with different molecular weight. PEGylation with higher molecular weight and less grafting degree resulted in smaller and more compacted nanoparticles with relatively higher surface charge. PEGylated polyplexes showed distinct mechanism of endocytosis, which was macropinocytosis and caveolae-dependent and clathrin-independent. In vitro silencing efficiency in HeLa and H1299 cells was significantly improved by PEGylation and CS-PEG5k/siRNA achieved the highest knockdown efficiency. Efficient silence of ribonucleotide reductase subunit M2 (RRM2) in HeLa cells by CS-PEG5k/siRRM2 significantly induced cell cycle arrest and inhibited cell proliferation. In addition, PEGylation significantly inhibited macrophage phagocytosis and unspecific interaction with red blood cells (RBCs). Significant extension of in vivo circulation was achieved only with high molecular weight PEG modification (CS-PEG10k), whereas all CS/siRNA and CS-PEG/siRNA nanoparticles showed similar pattern of biodistribution with major accumulation in liver and kidney. These results imply that PEGylation with higher molecular weight PEG and less grafting rate is a promising strategy to improve chitosan/siRNA nanocomplexes performance both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanxu Yang
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University , DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University , DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Shan Gao
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University , DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University , DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Suzhou Ribo Life Science Co., Ltd. , Beijing, China
| | - Frederik Dagnæs-Hansen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University , Bartholin Building Building 1240, Wilhelm Meyers Alle 4,8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Maria Jakobsen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University , DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University , DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Kjems
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University , DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University , DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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108
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Liu G, Tsai HI, Zeng X, Zuo Y, Tao W, Han J, Mei L. Phosphorylcholine-based stealthy nanocapsules enabling tumor microenvironment-responsive doxorubicin release for tumor suppression. Theranostics 2017; 7:1192-1203. [PMID: 28435458 PMCID: PMC5399586 DOI: 10.7150/thno.17881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficient delivery of anticancer drugs into tumor tissues to improve therapeutic efficacy remains an urgent demand. To satisfy this demand, a drug delivery system based on a stealthy nanocapsule was developed. This nanocapsule was fabricated by encapsulating stealthy cross-linked poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) (PMPC) and benzaldehyde groups around the protein bovine serum albumin (BSA) followed by conjugation of doxorubicin (Dox) through a pH-responsive benzoic-imine bond. The in vitro results show that the Dox-conjugated nanocapsule (nBSA-Dox) released the drug under an acidic tumor microenvironment (pH ~6.5) and killed HepG2 human liver cancer cells. The half-life of Dox conjugated to nBSA in mice was significantly prolonged, and the area-under-curve of plasma Dox of the mice treated with nBSA-Dox was as much as 242 fold of free Dox. The in vivo results confirmed that this nanocapsule efficiently accumulated in tumor tissue and significantly suppressed the tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gan Liu
- The Shenzhen Key Lab of Gene and Antibody Therapy and Division of Life and Health Sciences, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Hsiang-i Tsai
- The Shenzhen Key Lab of Gene and Antibody Therapy and Division of Life and Health Sciences, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Xiaowei Zeng
- The Shenzhen Key Lab of Gene and Antibody Therapy and Division of Life and Health Sciences, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Yixiong Zuo
- The Shenzhen Key Lab of Gene and Antibody Therapy and Division of Life and Health Sciences, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Wei Tao
- The Shenzhen Key Lab of Gene and Antibody Therapy and Division of Life and Health Sciences, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Jun Han
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, P.R.China
| | - Lin Mei
- The Shenzhen Key Lab of Gene and Antibody Therapy and Division of Life and Health Sciences, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
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109
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Mendes R, Fernandes AR, Baptista PV. Gold Nanoparticle Approach to the Selective Delivery of Gene Silencing in Cancer-The Case for Combined Delivery? Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:E94. [PMID: 28257109 PMCID: PMC5368698 DOI: 10.3390/genes8030094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy arises as a great promise for cancer therapeutics due to its potential to silence genes involved in tumor development. In fact, there are some pivotal gene drivers that suffer critical alterations leading to cell transformation and ultimately to tumor growth. In this vein, gene silencing has been proposed as an active tool to selectively silence these molecular triggers of cancer, thus improving treatment. However, naked nucleic acid (DNA/RNA) sequences are reported to have a short lifetime in the body, promptly degraded by circulating enzymes, which in turn speed up elimination and decrease the therapeutic potential of these drugs. The use of nanoparticles for the effective delivery of these silencers to the specific target locations has allowed researchers to overcome this issue. Particularly, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been used as attractive vehicles for the target-specific delivery of gene-silencing moieties, alone or in combination with other drugs. We shall discuss current trends in AuNP-based delivery of gene-silencing tools, considering the promising road ahead without overlooking existing concerns for their translation to clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Mendes
- UCIBIO, DCV, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Alexandra R Fernandes
- UCIBIO, DCV, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Pedro V Baptista
- UCIBIO, DCV, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
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110
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Nanotheranostic approaches for management of bloodstream bacterial infections. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2017; 13:329-341. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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111
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Wang F, Gao L, Meng LY, Xie JM, Xiong JW, Luo Y. A Neutralized Noncharged Polyethylenimine-Based System for Efficient Delivery of siRNA into Heart without Toxicity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:33529-33538. [PMID: 27960377 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b13295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cationic polymers constitute an important class of materials in development of delivery vehicles for nucleic acid-based therapeutics. Among them, polyethylenimine (PEI) has been a classical cationic carrier intensively studied for therapeutic delivery of DNA, RNA, and short RNA molecules to treat diseases. However, the development of PEI for in vivo applications has been hampered by the inherent problems associated with the material, particularly its cytotoxicity and the instability of the nucleic acid complexation systems formed via electrostatic interactions. Here, we demonstrate a strategy to modify PEI polymers via hydrazidation to create neutralized, stable, and multifunctional system for delivering siRNA molecules. Through substitution of the primary amino groups of PEI with neutral hydrazide groups, cross-linked nanoparticles with surface decorated with a model targeting ligands were generated. The neutral cross-linked siRNA nanoparticles not only showed favorable biocompatibility and cell internalization efficiency in vitro but also allowed for significant tissue uptake and gene silencing efficiency in zebrafish heart in vivo. Our study suggests transformation of conventional branched PEI into a neutral polymer that can lead to a new category of nonviral carriers, and the resulting functional delivery systems may be further explored for development of siRNA therapeutics for treating cardiovascular disease/injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, ‡Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, and §School of Life Sciences, Peking University , Beijing, China 100871
| | - Lu Gao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, ‡Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, and §School of Life Sciences, Peking University , Beijing, China 100871
| | - Liu-Yi Meng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, ‡Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, and §School of Life Sciences, Peking University , Beijing, China 100871
| | - Jing-Ming Xie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, ‡Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, and §School of Life Sciences, Peking University , Beijing, China 100871
| | - Jing-Wei Xiong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, ‡Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, and §School of Life Sciences, Peking University , Beijing, China 100871
| | - Ying Luo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, ‡Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, and §School of Life Sciences, Peking University , Beijing, China 100871
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112
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Roy Chowdhury M, Schumann C, Bhakta-Guha D, Guha G. Cancer nanotheranostics: Strategies, promises and impediments. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84:291-304. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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113
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Babu A, Muralidharan R, Amreddy N, Mehta M, Munshi A, Ramesh R. Nanoparticles for siRNA-Based Gene Silencing in Tumor Therapy. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2016; 15:849-863. [PMID: 28092499 PMCID: PMC6198667 DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2016.2621730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gene silencing through RNA interference (RNAi) has emerged as a potential strategy in manipulating cancer causing genes by complementary base-pairing mechanism. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) is an important RNAi tool that has found significant application in cancer therapy. However due to lack of stability, poor cellular uptake and high probability of loss-of-function due to degradation, siRNA therapeutic strategies seek safe and efficient delivery vehicles for in vivo applications. The current review discusses various nanoparticle systems currently used for siRNA delivery for cancer therapy, with emphasis on liposome based gene delivery systems. The discussion also includes various methods availed to improve nanoparticle based-siRNA delivery with target specificity and superior efficiency. Further this review describes challenges and perspectives on the development of safe and efficient nanoparticle based-siRNA-delivery systems for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anish Babu
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA, and Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA
| | - Ranganayaki Muralidharan
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA, and Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA
| | - Narsireddy Amreddy
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA, and Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA
| | - Meghna Mehta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA, and Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA
| | - Anupama Munshi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA, and Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA
| | - Rajagopal Ramesh
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA, and Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA, and Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA ()
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114
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Ho W, Zhang XQ, Xu X. Biomaterials in siRNA Delivery: A Comprehensive Review. Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:2715-2731. [PMID: 27700013 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201600418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
With the dearth of effective treatment options for prominent diseases including Ebola and cancer, RNA interference (RNAi), a sequence-specific mechanism for genetic regulation that can silence nearly any gene, holds the promise of unlimited potential in treating illness ever since its discovery in 1999. Given the large size, unstable tertiary structure in physiological conditions and negative charge of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), the development of safe and effective delivery vehicles is of critical importance in order to drive the widespread use of RNAi therapeutics into clinical settings. Immense amounts of time and billions of dollars have been devoted into the design of novel and diverse delivery strategies, and there are a handful of delivery systems that have been successfully translated into clinic. This review provides an introduction to the in vivo barriers that need to be addressed by siRNA delivery systems. We also discuss the progress up to the most effective and clinically advanced siRNA delivery systems including liposomal, polymeric and siRNA conjugate delivery systems, as well as their design to overcome the challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Ho
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering; Newark School of Engineering; New Jersey Institute of Technology; Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Xue-Qing Zhang
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering; Newark School of Engineering; New Jersey Institute of Technology; Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Xiaoyang Xu
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering; Newark School of Engineering; New Jersey Institute of Technology; Newark NJ 07102 USA
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115
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Yao VJ, D'Angelo S, Butler KS, Theron C, Smith TL, Marchiò S, Gelovani JG, Sidman RL, Dobroff AS, Brinker CJ, Bradbury ARM, Arap W, Pasqualini R. Ligand-targeted theranostic nanomedicines against cancer. J Control Release 2016; 240:267-286. [PMID: 26772878 PMCID: PMC5444905 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nanomedicines have significant potential for cancer treatment. Although the majority of nanomedicines currently tested in clinical trials utilize simple, biocompatible liposome-based nanocarriers, their widespread use is limited by non-specificity and low target site concentration and thus, do not provide a substantial clinical advantage over conventional, systemic chemotherapy. In the past 20years, we have identified specific receptors expressed on the surfaces of tumor endothelial and perivascular cells, tumor cells, the extracellular matrix and stromal cells using combinatorial peptide libraries displayed on bacteriophage. These studies corroborate the notion that unique receptor proteins such as IL-11Rα, GRP78, EphA5, among others, are differentially overexpressed in tumors and present opportunities to deliver tumor-specific therapeutic drugs. By using peptides that bind to tumor-specific cell-surface receptors, therapeutic agents such as apoptotic peptides, suicide genes, imaging dyes or chemotherapeutics can be precisely and systemically delivered to reduce tumor growth in vivo, without harming healthy cells. Given the clinical applicability of peptide-based therapeutics, targeted delivery of nanocarriers loaded with therapeutic cargos seems plausible. We propose a modular design of a functionalized protocell in which a tumor-targeting moiety, such as a peptide or recombinant human antibody single chain variable fragment (scFv), is conjugated to a lipid bilayer surrounding a silica-based nanocarrier core containing a protected therapeutic cargo. The functionalized protocell can be tailored to a specific cancer subtype and treatment regimen by exchanging the tumor-targeting moiety and/or therapeutic cargo or used in combination to create unique, theranostic agents. In this review, we summarize the identification of tumor-specific receptors through combinatorial phage display technology and the use of antibody display selection to identify recombinant human scFvs against these tumor-specific receptors. We compare the characteristics of different types of simple and complex nanocarriers, and discuss potential types of therapeutic cargos and conjugation strategies. The modular design of functionalized protocells may improve the efficacy and safety of nanomedicines for future cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia J Yao
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131; Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - Sara D'Angelo
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131; Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - Kimberly S Butler
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - Christophe Theron
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - Tracey L Smith
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131; Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - Serena Marchiò
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131; Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131; Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Candiolo, 10060, Italy
| | - Juri G Gelovani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - Richard L Sidman
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Andrey S Dobroff
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131; Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - C Jeffrey Brinker
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131; Center for Micro-Engineered Materials, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131; Cancer Research and Treatment Center, Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131; Self-Assembled Materials Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185
| | - Andrew R M Bradbury
- Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratories, Los Alamos, NM, 87545
| | - Wadih Arap
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131.
| | - Renata Pasqualini
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131; Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131.
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Interactions of graphene with mammalian cells: Molecular mechanisms and biomedical insights. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 105:145-162. [PMID: 27569910 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-based functional nanomaterials have attracted immense scientific interest from many disciplines and, due to their extraordinary properties, have offered tremendous potential in a diverse range of applications. Among the different carbon nanomaterials, graphene is one of the newest and is considered the most important. Graphene, a monolayer material composed of sp2-hybridized carbon atoms hexagonally arranged in a two-dimensional structure, can be easily functionalized by chemical modification. Functionalized graphene and its derivatives have been used in diverse nano-biotechnological applications, such as in environmental engineering, biomedicine, and biotechnology. However, the prospective use of graphene-related materials in a biological context requires a detailed comprehension of these materials, which is essential for expanding their biomedical applications in the future. In recent years, the number of biological studies involving graphene-related nanomaterials has rapidly increased. These studies have documented the effects of the biological interactions between graphene-related materials and different organizational levels of living systems, ranging from biomolecules to animals. In the present review, we will summarize the recent progress in understanding mainly the interactions between graphene and cells. The impact of graphene on intracellular components, and especially the uptake and transport of graphene by cells, will be discussed in detail.
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Durfee PN, Lin YS, Dunphy DR, Muñiz AJ, Butler KS, Humphrey KR, Lokke AJ, Agola JO, Chou SS, Chen IM, Wharton W, Townson JL, Willman CL, Brinker CJ. Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticle-Supported Lipid Bilayers (Protocells) for Active Targeting and Delivery to Individual Leukemia Cells. ACS NANO 2016; 10:8325-45. [PMID: 27419663 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b02819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Many nanocarrier cancer therapeutics currently under development, as well as those used in the clinical setting, rely upon the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect to passively accumulate in the tumor microenvironment and kill cancer cells. In leukemia, where leukemogenic stem cells and their progeny circulate within the peripheral blood or bone marrow, the EPR effect may not be operative. Thus, for leukemia therapeutics, it is essential to target and bind individual circulating cells. Here, we investigate mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSN)-supported lipid bilayers (protocells), an emerging class of nanocarriers, and establish the synthesis conditions and lipid bilayer composition needed to achieve highly monodisperse protocells that remain stable in complex media as assessed in vitro by dynamic light scattering and cryo-electron microscopy and ex ovo by direct imaging within a chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model. We show that for vesicle fusion conditions where the lipid surface area exceeds the external surface area of the MSN and the ionic strength exceeds 20 mM, we form monosized protocells (polydispersity index <0.1) on MSN cores with varying size, shape, and pore size, whose conformal zwitterionic supported lipid bilayer confers excellent stability as judged by circulation in the CAM and minimal opsonization in vivo in a mouse model. Having established protocell formulations that are stable colloids, we further modified them with anti-EGFR antibodies as targeting agents and reverified their monodispersity and stability. Then, using intravital imaging in the CAM, we directly observed in real time the progression of selective targeting of individual leukemia cells (using the established REH leukemia cell line transduced with EGFR) and delivery of a model cargo. Overall, we have established the effectiveness of the protocell platform for individual cell targeting and delivery needed for leukemia and other disseminated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul N Durfee
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of New Mexico , 210 University Blvd NE, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-0001, United States
- Center for Micro-Engineered Materials, Advanced Materials Laboratory, University of New Mexico , MSC04 2790, 1001 University Blvd SE, Suite 103, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106, United States
| | - Yu-Shen Lin
- Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico , MSC10 5550, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
- Oncothyreon, Inc. , 2601 Fourth Avenue, Seattle, Washington 98121-3222, United States
| | - Darren R Dunphy
- Center for Micro-Engineered Materials, Advanced Materials Laboratory, University of New Mexico , MSC04 2790, 1001 University Blvd SE, Suite 103, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106, United States
| | - Ayşe J Muñiz
- Health Sciences Center, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico , MSC08 4670, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-5001, United States
| | - Kimberly S Butler
- Center for Micro-Engineered Materials, Advanced Materials Laboratory, University of New Mexico , MSC04 2790, 1001 University Blvd SE, Suite 103, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106, United States
| | - Kevin R Humphrey
- Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University , 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, Tennessee 37235-1826, United States
| | - Amanda J Lokke
- Health Sciences Center, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico , MSC08 4670, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-5001, United States
| | - Jacob O Agola
- Center for Micro-Engineered Materials, Advanced Materials Laboratory, University of New Mexico , MSC04 2790, 1001 University Blvd SE, Suite 103, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106, United States
| | - Stanley S Chou
- Advanced Materials Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories , 1001 University Blvd. SE, Suite 100, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106, United States
| | - I-Ming Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico , MSC08 4640, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-0001, United States
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of New Mexico , MSC07 4025, 1 University of New Mexico, 1201 Camino de Salud NE, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-0001, United States
| | - Walker Wharton
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico , MSC08 4640, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-0001, United States
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of New Mexico , MSC07 4025, 1 University of New Mexico, 1201 Camino de Salud NE, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-0001, United States
| | - Jason L Townson
- Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico , MSC10 5550, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
- Oncothyreon, Inc. , 2601 Fourth Avenue, Seattle, Washington 98121-3222, United States
| | - Cheryl L Willman
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico , MSC08 4640, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-0001, United States
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of New Mexico , MSC07 4025, 1 University of New Mexico, 1201 Camino de Salud NE, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-0001, United States
| | - C Jeffrey Brinker
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of New Mexico , 210 University Blvd NE, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-0001, United States
- Center for Micro-Engineered Materials, Advanced Materials Laboratory, University of New Mexico , MSC04 2790, 1001 University Blvd SE, Suite 103, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106, United States
- Advanced Materials Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories , 1001 University Blvd. SE, Suite 100, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106, United States
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of New Mexico , MSC07 4025, 1 University of New Mexico, 1201 Camino de Salud NE, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-0001, United States
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Qazi H, Shi ZD, Song JW, Cancel LM, Huang P, Zeng Y, Roberge S, Munn LL, Tarbell JM. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans mediate renal carcinoma metastasis. Int J Cancer 2016; 139:2791-2801. [PMID: 27543953 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Revised: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The surface proteoglycan/glycoprotein layer (glycocalyx) on tumor cells has been associated with cellular functions that can potentially enable invasion and metastasis. In addition, aggressive tumor cells with high metastatic potential have enhanced invasion rates in response to interstitial flow stimuli in vitro. Our previous studies suggest that heparan sulfate (HS) in the glycocalyx plays an important role in this flow mediated mechanostransduction and upregulation of invasive and metastatic potential. In this study, highly metastatic renal cell carcinoma cells were genetically modified to suppress HS production by knocking down its synthetic enzyme NDST1. Using modified Boyden chamber and microfluidic assays, we show that flow-enhanced invasion is suppressed in HS deficient cells. To assess the ability of these cells to metastasize in vivo, parental or knockdown cells expressing fluorescence reporters were injected into kidney capsules in SCID mice. Histological analysis confirmed that there was a large reduction (95%) in metastasis to distant organs by tumors formed from the NDST1 knockdown cells compared to control cells with intact HS. The ability of these cells to invade surrounding tissue was also impaired. The substantial inhibition of metastasis and invasion upon reduction of HS suggests an active role for the tumor cell glycocalyx in tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Qazi
- Wallace H. Coulter Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, The City University of New York, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Zhong-Dong Shi
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jonathan W Song
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Limary M Cancel
- Wallace H. Coulter Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, The City University of New York, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Peigen Huang
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Ye Zeng
- Wallace H. Coulter Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, The City University of New York, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, China
| | - Sylvie Roberge
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Lance L Munn
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
| | - John M Tarbell
- Wallace H. Coulter Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, The City University of New York, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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119
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Lee SH, Kang YY, Jang HE, Mok H. Current preclinical small interfering RNA (siRNA)-based conjugate systems for RNA therapeutics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 104:78-92. [PMID: 26514375 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Recent promising clinical results of RNA therapeutics have drawn big attention of academia and industries to RNA therapeutics and their carrier systems. To improve their feasibility in clinics, systemic evaluations of currently available carrier systems under clinical trials and preclinical studies are needed. In this review, we focus on recent noticeable preclinical studies and clinical results regarding siRNA-based conjugates for clinical translations. Advantages and drawbacks of siRNA-based conjugates are discussed, compared to particle-based delivery systems. Then, representative siRNA-based conjugates with aptamers, peptides, carbohydrates, lipids, polymers, and nanostructured materials are introduced. To improve feasibility of siRNA conjugates in preclinical studies, several considerations for the rational design of siRNA conjugates in terms of cleavability, immune responses, multivalent conjugations, and mechanism of action are also presented. Lastly, we discuss lessons from previous preclinical and clinical studies related to siRNA conjugates and perspectives of their clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Hyeon Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETHZ), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yoon Young Kang
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Eun Jang
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejung Mok
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea.
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120
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Martirosyan A, Olesen MJ, Fenton RA, Kjems J, Howard KA. Mucin-mediated nanocarrier disassembly for triggered uptake of oligonucleotides as a delivery strategy for the potential treatment of mucosal tumours. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:12599-12607. [PMID: 26694897 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr07206a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This work demonstrates gastric mucin-triggered nanocarrier disassembly for release of antisense oligonucleotides and consequent unassisted cellular entry as a novel oral delivery strategy. A fluorescence activation-based reporter system was used to investigate the interaction and mucin-mediated disassembly of chitosan-based nanocarriers containing a 13-mer DNA oligonucleotide with a flanked locked RNA nucleic acid gapmer design. Gastric mucins were shown to trigger gapmer release from nanocarriers that was dependent on the interaction time, mucin concentration and N : P ratio with a maximal release at N : P 10. In contrast to siRNA, naked gapmers exhibited uptake into mucus producing HT-MTX mono-cultures and HT-MTX co-cultured with the carcinoma epithelial cell line Caco-2. Importantly, in vivo gapmer uptake was observed in epithelial tissue 30 min post-injection in murine intestinal loops. The findings present a mucosal design-based system tailored for local delivery of oligonucleotides that may maximize the effectiveness of gene silencing therapeutics within tumours at mucosal sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Martirosyan
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark.
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121
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Bobo D, Robinson KJ, Islam J, Thurecht KJ, Corrie SR. Nanoparticle-Based Medicines: A Review of FDA-Approved Materials and Clinical Trials to Date. Pharm Res 2016; 33:2373-87. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-016-1958-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1282] [Impact Index Per Article: 160.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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122
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Zhao Y, Wang W, Guo S, Wang Y, Miao L, Xiong Y, Huang L. PolyMetformin combines carrier and anticancer activities for in vivo siRNA delivery. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11822. [PMID: 27264609 PMCID: PMC4897747 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin, a widely implemented anti-diabetic drug, exhibits potent anticancer efficacies. Herein a polymeric construction of Metformin, PolyMetformin (PolyMet) is successfully synthesized through conjugation of linear polyethylenimine (PEI) with dicyandiamide. The delocalization of cationic charges in the biguanide groups of PolyMet reduces the toxicity of PEI both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the polycationic properties of PolyMet permits capture of siRNA into a core-membrane structured lipid-polycation-hyaluronic acid (LPH) nanoparticle for systemic gene delivery. Advances herein permit LPH-PolyMet nanoparticles to facilitate VEGF siRNA delivery for VEGF knockdown in a human lung cancer xenograft, leading to enhanced tumour suppressive efficacy. Even in the absence of RNAi, LPH-PolyMet nanoparticles act similarly to Metformin and induce antitumour efficacy through activation of the AMPK and inhibition of the mTOR. In essence, PolyMet successfully combines the intrinsic anticancer efficacy of Metformin with the capacity to carry siRNA to enhance the therapeutic activity of an anticancer gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhao
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shutao Guo
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Yuhua Wang
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Lei Miao
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Yang Xiong
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Leaf Huang
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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123
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Yuan X, Ji W, Chen S, Bao Y, Tan S, Lu S, Wu K, Chu Q. A novel paclitaxel-loaded poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide)-Tween 80 copolymer nanoparticle overcoming multidrug resistance for lung cancer treatment. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:2119-31. [PMID: 27307727 PMCID: PMC4887048 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s92271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance has become a main obstacle for the effective treatment of lung cancer. To address this problem, a novel biocompatible nanoscale package, poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide)-Tween 80, was designed and synthesized to overcome paclitaxel (PTX) resistance in a PTX-resistant human lung cancer cell line. The poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA)-Tween 80 nanoparticles (NPs) could efficiently load PTX and release the drug gradually. There was an increased level of uptake of PLGA-Tween 80 in PTX-resistant lung cancer cell line A549/T, which achieved a significantly higher level of cytotoxicity than both PLGA NP formulation and Taxol®. The in vivo antitumor efficacy also showed that PLGA-Tween 80 NP was more effective than Taxol®, indicating that PLGA-Tween 80 copolymer was a promising carrier for PTX in resistant lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxiang Ji
- Lung Tumor Clinical Medical Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Si Chen
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuling Bao
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Songwei Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shun Lu
- Lung Tumor Clinical Medical Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Kongming Wu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Chu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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Xue HY, Guo P, Wen WC, Wong HL. Lipid-Based Nanocarriers for RNA Delivery. Curr Pharm Des 2016; 21:3140-7. [PMID: 26027572 PMCID: PMC4618487 DOI: 10.2174/1381612821666150531164540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
RNA-interference (RNAi) agents such as small-interfering RNA (siRNA) and micro-RNA (miRNA) have strong potential as therapeutic agents for the treatment of a broad range of diseases such as malignancies, infections, autoimmune diseases and neurological diseases that are associated with undesirable gene expression. In recent years, several clinical trials of RNAi therapeutics especially siRNAs have been conducted with limited success so far. For systemic administration of these poorly permeable and easily degradable macromolecules, it is obvious that a safe and efficient delivery platform is highly desirable. Because of high biocompatibility, biodegradability and solid track record for clinical use, nanocarriers made of lipids and/or phospholipids have been commonly employed to facilitate RNA delivery. In this article, the key features of the major sub-classes of lipid-based nanocarriers, e.g. liposomes, lipid nanoparticles and lipid nanoemulsions, will be reviewed. Focus of the discussion is on the various challenges researchers face when developing lipid-based RNA nanocarriers, such as the toxicity of cationic lipids and issues related to PEGylated lipids, as well as the strategies employed in tackling these challenges. It is hoped that by understanding more about the pros and cons of these most frequently used RNA delivery systems, the pharmaceutical scientists, biomedical researchers and clinicians will be more successful in overcoming some of the obstacles that currently limit the clinical translation of RNAi therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ho Lun Wong
- School of Pharmacy, Temple University, 3307 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, US 19140.
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125
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Digesu CS, Hofferberth SC, Grinstaff MW, Colson YL. From Diagnosis to Treatment: Clinical Applications of Nanotechnology in Thoracic Surgery. Thorac Surg Clin 2016; 26:215-28. [PMID: 27112260 PMCID: PMC4851727 DOI: 10.1016/j.thorsurg.2015.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is an emerging field with potential as an adjunct to cancer therapy, particularly thoracic surgery. Therapy can be delivered to tumors in a more targeted fashion, with less systemic toxicity. Nanoparticles may aid in diagnosis, preoperative characterization, and intraoperative localization of thoracic tumors and their lymphatics. Focused research into nanotechnology's ability to deliver both diagnostics and therapeutics has led to the development of nanotheranostics, which promises to improve the treatment of thoracic malignancies through enhanced tumor targeting, controlled drug delivery, and therapeutic monitoring. This article reviews nanoplatforms, their unique properties, and the potential for clinical application in thoracic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S Digesu
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 15 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sophie C Hofferberth
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 15 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mark W Grinstaff
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Metcalf Science Center, Boston University, SCI 518, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Chemistry, Metcalf Science Center, Boston University, SCI 518, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Medicine, Metcalf Science Center, Boston University, SCI 518, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yolonda L Colson
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 15 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Thoracic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 15 Francis St, Boston, MA 02155, USA.
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126
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Butler KS, Durfee PN, Theron C, Ashley CE, Carnes EC, Brinker CJ. Protocells: Modular Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticle-Supported Lipid Bilayers for Drug Delivery. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:2173-85. [PMID: 26780591 PMCID: PMC4964272 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201502119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Mesoporous silica nanoparticle-supported lipid bilayers, termed 'protocells,' represent a potentially transformative class of therapeutic and theranostic delivery vehicle. The field of targeted drug delivery poses considerable challenges that cannot be addressed with a single 'magic bullet'. Consequently, the protocell has been designed as a modular platform composed of interchangeable biocompatible components. The mesoporous silica core has variable size and shape to direct biodistribution and a controlled pore size and surface chemistry to accommodate diverse cargo. The encapsulating supported lipid bilayer can be modified with targeting and trafficking ligands as well as polyethylene glycol (PEG) to effect selective binding, endosomal escape of cargo, drug efflux prevention, and potent therapeutic delivery, while maintaining in vivo colloidal stability. This review describes the individual components of the platform, including the mesoporous silica nanoparticle core and supported lipid bilayer, their assembly (by multiple techniques) into a protocell, and the combined, often synergistic, performance of the protocell based on in vitro and in vivo studies, including the assessment of biocompatibility and toxicity. In closing, the many emerging variations of the protocell theme and the future directions for protocell research are commented on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly S. Butler
- Center for Micro-Engineered Materials, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA
| | - Paul N. Durfee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA
| | - Christophe Theron
- Center for Micro-Engineered Materials, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA
| | - Carlee E. Ashley
- Bioenergy and Defense Technology Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 94551 USA
| | - Eric C. Carnes
- Nanobiology Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551
| | - C. Jeffrey Brinker
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Center for Micro-Engineered Materials, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Advanced Materials Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185
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127
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Badwaik VD, Aicart E, Mondjinou YA, Johnson MA, Bowman VD, Thompson DH. Structure-property relationship for in vitro siRNA delivery performance of cationic 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin: PEG-PPG-PEG polyrotaxane vectors. Biomaterials 2016; 84:86-98. [PMID: 26826298 PMCID: PMC4755830 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticle-mediated siRNA delivery is a promising therapeutic approach, however, the processes required for transport of these materials across the numerous extracellular and intracellular barriers are poorly understood. Efficient delivery of siRNA-containing nanoparticles would ultimately benefit from an improved understanding of how parameters associated with these barriers relate to the physicochemical properties of the nanoparticle vectors. We report the synthesis of three Pluronic(®)-based, cholesterol end-capped cationic polyrotaxanes (PR(+)) threaded with 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) for siRNA delivery. The biological data showed that PR(+):siRNA complexes were well tolerated (∼90% cell viability) and produced efficient silencing (>80%) in HeLa-GFP and NIH 3T3-GFP cell lines. We further used a multi-parametric approach to identify relationships between the PR(+) structure, PR(+):siRNA complex physical properties, and biological activity. Small angle X-ray scattering and cryoelectron microscopy studies reveal periodicity and lamellar architectures for PR(+):siRNA complexes, whereas the biological assays, ζ potential measurements, and imaging studies suggest that silencing efficiency is influenced by the effective charge ratio (ρeff), polypropylene oxide (PO) block length, and central PO block coverage (i.e., rigidity) of the PR(+) core. We infer from our findings that more compact PR(+):siRNA nanostructures arising from lower molecular weight, rigid rod-like PR(+) polymer cores produce improved silencing efficiency relative to higher molecular weight, more flexible PR(+) vectors of similar effective charge. This study demonstrates that PR(+):siRNA complex formulations can be produced having higher performance than Lipofectamine(®) 2000, while maintaining good cell viability and siRNA sequence protection in cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek D Badwaik
- Department of Chemistry, Multi-disciplinary Cancer Research Facility, Bindley Bioscience Center, 1203 W. State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Emilio Aicart
- Department of Chemistry, Multi-disciplinary Cancer Research Facility, Bindley Bioscience Center, 1203 W. State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Yawo A Mondjinou
- Department of Chemistry, Multi-disciplinary Cancer Research Facility, Bindley Bioscience Center, 1203 W. State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Merrell A Johnson
- Department of Physics, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Valorie D Bowman
- Discovery Park, Hockmeyer Hall of Structural Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - David H Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, Multi-disciplinary Cancer Research Facility, Bindley Bioscience Center, 1203 W. State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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128
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Song X, Sun K, Hu J, Zhou J. Suppression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 via interference increases the chemosensitivity of ovarian carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2016; 11:3028-3032. [PMID: 27123058 PMCID: PMC4840778 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The function of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in the chemosensitivity of ovarian carcinoma has not been fully investigated, therefore, the present study aimed to analyze the potential role of HER2 in ovarian carcinoma chemosensitivity in further detail. SKOV3 cells were transfected with lentiviral-mediated HER2-small hairpin RNA (shRNA) molecules to establish the stable expression of HER2-shRNA in the SKOV3 cell line (knockdown cells; KD) and negative control cell line (NC). The untransfected SKOV3 cell line served as the blank control (CON) group. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blot analysis were used to detect the expression of HER2 in the three different cell types, which were subsequently examined for growth inhibition using a cell counting kit-8 assay. The CON and KD cell strains were utilized to establish xenograft models in nude mice, primarily to detect the expression of the HER2 protein, and additionally to observe tumor size changes under the treatment of cisplatin (DDP) chemotherapy. RT-qPCR and western blot analysis demonstrated a significant decrease in the levels of HER2 mRNA and protein in the KD cells. The suppression of HER2 expression resulted in an increase of chemotherapy sensitivity in the SKOV3 cells. HER2 protein expression decreased significantly following transduction with specific HER2-shRNA. Additionally, growth slowed significantly under treatment with DDP in ovarian cancer transplantation tumors. In conclusion, lentivirus-mediated HER2-shRNA effectively inhibits the expression of the HER2 gene, and increases the chemosensitivity to DDP in ovarian carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Song
- Division of Gynecology and Obstetrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Kailv Sun
- Division of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Jianming Hu
- Division of Gynecology and Obstetrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Jianghu Zhou
- Division of Gynecology and Obstetrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
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129
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Möller K, Müller K, Engelke H, Bräuchle C, Wagner E, Bein T. Highly efficient siRNA delivery from core-shell mesoporous silica nanoparticles with multifunctional polymer caps. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:4007-4019. [PMID: 26819069 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr06246b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A new general route for siRNA delivery is presented combining porous core-shell silica nanocarriers with a modularly designed multifunctional block copolymer. Specifically, the internal storage and release of siRNA from mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) with orthogonal core-shell surface chemistry was investigated as a function of pore-size, pore morphology, surface properties and pH. Very high siRNA loading capacities of up to 380 μg per mg MSN were obtained with charge-matched amino-functionalized mesoporous cores, and release profiles show up to 80% siRNA elution after 24 h. We demonstrate that adsorption and desorption of siRNA is mainly driven by electrostatic interactions, which allow for high loading capacities even in medium-sized mesopores with pore diameters down to 4 nm in a stellate pore morphology. The negatively charged MSN shell enabled the association with a block copolymer containing positively charged artificial amino acids and oleic acid blocks, which acts simultaneously as capping and endosomal release agent. The potential of this multifunctional delivery platform is demonstrated by highly effective cell transfection and siRNA delivery into KB-cells. A luciferase reporter gene knock-down of up to 80-90% was possible using extremely low cell exposures with only 2.5 μg MSN containing 0.5 μg siRNA per 100 μL well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Möller
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience, University of Munich (LMU), Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Katharina Müller
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Center for NanoScience, University of Munich (LMU), Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Hanna Engelke
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience, University of Munich (LMU), Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Christoph Bräuchle
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience, University of Munich (LMU), Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Ernst Wagner
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Center for NanoScience, University of Munich (LMU), Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Thomas Bein
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience, University of Munich (LMU), Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany.
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130
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Broadbent L, Groves H, Shields MD, Power UF. Respiratory syncytial virus, an ongoing medical dilemma: an expert commentary on respiratory syncytial virus prophylactic and therapeutic pharmaceuticals currently in clinical trials. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2016; 9:169-78. [PMID: 25847510 PMCID: PMC4474493 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
As the most important viral cause of severe respiratory disease in infants and increasing recognition as important in the elderly and immunocompromised, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is responsible for a massive health burden worldwide. Prophylactic antibodies were successfully developed against RSV. However, their use is restricted to a small group of infants considered at high risk of severe RSV disease. There is still no specific therapeutics or vaccines to combat RSV. As such, it remains a major unmet medical need for most individuals. The World Health Organisations International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (WHO ICTRP) and PubMed were used to identify and review all RSV vaccine, prophylactic and therapeutic candidates currently in clinical trials. This review presents an expert commentary on all RSV-specific prophylactic and therapeutic candidates that have entered clinical trials since 2008.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Broadbent
- Centre for Infection & Immunity, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Helen Groves
- Centre for Infection & Immunity, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Michael D Shields
- Centre for Infection & Immunity, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.,The Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, Belfast, UK
| | - Ultan F Power
- Centre for Infection & Immunity, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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131
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Hofferberth SC, Grinstaff MW, Colson YL. Nanotechnology applications in thoracic surgery. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2016; 50:6-16. [PMID: 26843431 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezw002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology is an emerging, rapidly evolving field with the potential to significantly impact care across the full spectrum of cancer therapy. Of note, several recent nanotechnological advances show particular promise to improve outcomes for thoracic surgical patients. A variety of nanotechnologies are described that offer possible solutions to existing challenges encountered in the detection, diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer. Nanotechnology-based imaging platforms have the ability to improve the surgical care of patients with thoracic malignancies through technological advances in intraoperative tumour localization, lymph node mapping and accuracy of tumour resection. Moreover, nanotechnology is poised to revolutionize adjuvant lung cancer therapy. Common chemotherapeutic drugs, such as paclitaxel, docetaxel and doxorubicin, are being formulated using various nanotechnologies to improve drug delivery, whereas nanoparticle (NP)-based imaging technologies can monitor the tumour microenvironment and facilitate molecularly targeted lung cancer therapy. Although early nanotechnology-based delivery systems show promise, the next frontier in lung cancer therapy is the development of 'theranostic' multifunctional NPs capable of integrating diagnosis, drug monitoring, tumour targeting and controlled drug release into various unifying platforms. This article provides an overview of key existing and emerging nanotechnology platforms that may find clinical application in thoracic surgery in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie C Hofferberth
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark W Grinstaff
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Chemistry, and Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yolonda L Colson
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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132
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Zhang D, Song Y, Wang Y, Liu X, Liu X, Ma X. Insight of In Vitro Small-Interfering RNA Release From Chitosan Nanoparticles Under Enzymolysis With Förster Resonance Energy Transfer Analysis. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:301-7. [PMID: 26554743 DOI: 10.1002/jps.24698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Small-interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated gene silencing with the aid of chitosan (CS)-based carriers has shown efficient and reliable outcome in vitro, but the gene silencing efficiency in vivo is still limited. It is of great importance to balance the protection and release of siRNA from nanoparticles (NPs) so as to achieve high efficiency. However, siRNA release profile from CS/siRNA NPs has been rarely concerned. Here, Förster resonance energy transfer technique was adopted for in vitro investigation of siRNA release from CS NPs in lysozyme-contained buffer. The results clearly showed that siRNA molecules experienced a fast and short release phase under lysozyme competition to both CS and siRNA, and then a slow and long release under lysozyme degradation on CS. Moreover, lysozyme competition played more important role than enzymolysis on trigging siRNA release. This preliminary study of siRNA release is the first step to get insight of in vivo siRNA release mechanism from CS/siRNA NPs, which will be helpful to adjust the design of CS/siRNA NPs for balancing the protection and release of siRNA molecules.
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133
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Kasprzak A, Poplawska M, Bystrzejewski M, Grudzinski IP. Sulfhydrylated graphene-encapsulated iron nanoparticles directly aminated with polyethylenimine: a novel magnetic nanoplatform for bioconjugation of gamma globulins and polyclonal antibodies. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:5593-5607. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb00838k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A graphene layer was directly aminated with polyethylenimine and a novel magnetic nanoplatform for bioconjugation of biologically active compounds was obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Kasprzak
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Warsaw University of Technology
- 00-664 Warsaw
- Poland
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134
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Lee J, Saw PE, Gujrati V, Lee Y, Kim H, Kang S, Choi M, Kim JI, Jon S. Mono-arginine Cholesterol-based Small Lipid Nanoparticles as a Systemic siRNA Delivery Platform for Effective Cancer Therapy. Theranostics 2016; 6:192-203. [PMID: 26877778 PMCID: PMC4729768 DOI: 10.7150/thno.13657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although efforts have been made to develop a platform carrier for the delivery of RNAi therapeutics, systemic delivery of siRNA has shown only limited success in cancer therapy. Cationic lipid-based nanoparticles have been widely used for this purpose, but their toxicity and undesired liver uptake after systemic injection owing to their cationic surfaces have hampered further clinical translation. This study describes the development of neutral, small lipid nanoparticles (SLNPs) made of a nontoxic cationic cholesterol derivative, as a suitable carrier of systemic siRNA to treat cancers. The cationic cholesterol derivative, mono arginine-cholesterol (MA-Chol), was synthesized by directly attaching an arginine moiety to cholesterol via a cleavable ester bond. siRNA-loaded SLNPs (siRNA@SLNPs) were prepared using MA-Chol and a neutral helper lipid, dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE), as major components and a small amount of PEGylated phospholipid mixed with siRNA. The resulting nanoparticles were less than ~50 nm in diameter with neutral zeta potential and much lower toxicity than typical cationic cholesterol (DC-Chol)-based lipid nanoparticles. SLNPs loaded with siRNA against kinesin spindle protein (siKSP@SLNPs) exhibited a high level of target gene knockdown in various cancer cell lines, as shown by measurement of KSP mRNA and cell death assays. Furthermore, systemic injection of siKSP@SLNPs into prostate tumor-bearing mice resulted in preferential accumulation of the delivered siRNA at the tumor site and significant inhibition of tumor growth, with little apparent toxicity, as shown by body weight measurements. These results suggest that these SLNPs may provide a systemic delivery platform for RNAi-based cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinju Lee
- 1. † School of Life Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Phei Er Saw
- 2. ‡ KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Vipul Gujrati
- 2. ‡ KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yonghyun Lee
- 2. ‡ KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungjun Kim
- 2. ‡ KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukmo Kang
- 2. ‡ KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsuk Choi
- 2. ‡ KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Il Kim
- 1. † School of Life Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangyong Jon
- 2. ‡ KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
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135
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Papadopoulos K, Wattanaarsakit P, Prasongchean W, Narain R. Gene therapies in clinical trials. POLYMERS AND NANOMATERIALS FOR GENE THERAPY 2016. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-100520-0.00010-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
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136
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Nanoparticles-Assisted Stem Cell Therapy for Ischemic Heart Disease. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2016:1384658. [PMID: 26839552 PMCID: PMC4709699 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1384658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapy has attracted increasing attention as a promising treatment strategy for cardiac repair in ischemic heart disease. Nanoparticles (NPs), with their superior physical and chemical properties, have been widely utilized to assist stem cell therapy. With the help of NPs, stem cells can be genetically engineered for enhanced paracrine profile. To further understand the fate and behaviors of stem cells in ischemic myocardium, imaging NPs can label stem cells and be tracked in vivo under multiple modalities. Besides that, NPs can also be used to enhance stem cell retention in myocardium. These facts have raised efforts on the development of more intelligent and multifunctional NPs for cellular application. Herein, an overview of the applications of NPs-assisted stem cell therapy is given. Key issues and future prospects are also critically addressed.
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137
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Critical considerations for developing nucleic acid macromolecule based drug products. Drug Discov Today 2015; 21:430-44. [PMID: 26674130 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Protein expression therapy using nucleic acid macromolecules (NAMs) as a new paradigm in medicine has recently gained immense therapeutic potential. With the advancement of nonviral delivery it has been possible to target NAMs against cancer, immunodeficiency and infectious diseases. Owing to the complex and fragile structure of NAMs, however, development of a suitable, stable formulation for a reasonable product shelf-life and efficacious delivery is indeed challenging to achieve. This review provides a synopsis of challenges in the formulation and stability of DNA/m-RNA based medicines and probable mitigation strategies including a brief summary of delivery options to the target cells. Nucleic acid based drugs at various stages of ongoing clinical trials are compiled.
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138
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Adesina SK, Akala EO. Nanotechnology Approaches for the Delivery of Exogenous siRNA for HIV Therapy. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:4175-87. [PMID: 26524196 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is triggered by oligonucleotides that are about 21-23 nucleotides long and are capable of inducing the destruction of complementary mRNA. The RNAi technique has been successfully utilized to target HIV replication; however, the main limitation to the successful utilization of this technique in vivo is the inability of naked siRNA to cross the cell membrane by diffusion due to its strong anionic charge and large molecular weight. This review describes current nonviral nanotechnological approaches to deliver anti-HIV siRNAs for the treatment of HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simeon K Adesina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Howard University , Washington, DC 20059, United States
| | - Emmanuel O Akala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Howard University , Washington, DC 20059, United States
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139
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Pedrosa P, Vinhas R, Fernandes A, Baptista PV. Gold Nanotheranostics: Proof-of-Concept or Clinical Tool? NANOMATERIALS 2015; 5:1853-1879. [PMID: 28347100 PMCID: PMC5304792 DOI: 10.3390/nano5041853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2015] [Revised: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles have been making their way in biomedical applications and personalized medicine, allowing for the coupling of diagnostics and therapeutics into a single nanomaterial—nanotheranostics. Gold nanoparticles, in particular, have unique features that make them excellent nanomaterials for theranostics, enabling the integration of targeting, imaging and therapeutics in a single platform, with proven applicability in the management of heterogeneous diseases, such as cancer. In this review, we focus on gold nanoparticle-based theranostics at the lab bench, through pre-clinical and clinical stages. With few products facing clinical trials, much remains to be done to effectively assess the real benefits of nanotheranostics at the clinical level. Hence, we also discuss the efforts currently being made to translate nanotheranostics into the market, as well as their commercial impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Pedrosa
- UCIBIO, Department of Life Sciences, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Campus Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Raquel Vinhas
- UCIBIO, Department of Life Sciences, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Campus Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Alexandra Fernandes
- UCIBIO, Department of Life Sciences, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Campus Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Pedro V Baptista
- UCIBIO, Department of Life Sciences, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Campus Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
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140
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Correia A, Shahbazi MA, Mäkilä E, Almeida S, Salonen J, Hirvonen J, Santos HA. Cyclodextrin-Modified Porous Silicon Nanoparticles for Efficient Sustained Drug Delivery and Proliferation Inhibition of Breast Cancer Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:23197-23204. [PMID: 26440739 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b07033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, the potential of polymeric structures has been investigated to overcome many limitations related to nanosized drug carriers by modulating their toxicity, cellular interactions, stability, and drug-release kinetics. In this study, we have developed a successful nanocomposite consisting of undecylenic acid modified thermally hydrocarbonized porous silicon nanoparticles (UnTHCPSi NPs) loaded with an anticancer drug, sorafenib, and surface-conjugated with heptakis(6-amino-6-deoxy)-β-cyclodextrin (HABCD) to show the impact of the surface polymeric functionalization on the physical and biological properties of the drug-loaded nanoparticles. Cytocompatibility studies showed that the UnTHCPSi-HABCD NPs were not toxic to breast cancer cells. HABCD also enhanced the suspensibility and both the colloidal and plasma stabilities of the UnTHCPSi NPs. UnTHCPSi-HABCD NPs showed a significantly increased interaction with breast cancer cells compared to bare NPs and also sustained the drug release. Furthermore, the sorafenib-loaded UnTHCPSi-HABCD NPs efficiently inhibited cell proliferation of the breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Correia
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki , FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki , FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ermei Mäkilä
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki , FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Laboratory of Industrial Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku , FI20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Sérgio Almeida
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki , FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jarno Salonen
- Laboratory of Industrial Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku , FI20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Jouni Hirvonen
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki , FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hélder A Santos
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki , FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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141
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Takemoto H, Miyata K, Nishiyama N, Kataoka K. Bioresponsive polymer-based nucleic acid carriers. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 2015; 88:289-323. [PMID: 25409610 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800148-6.00010-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nucleic acid carriers need to possess multifunctionality for overcoming biological barriers, such as the stable encapsulation of nucleic acids in extracellular milieu, internalization by target cells, controlled intracellular distribution, and release of nucleic acids at the target site of action. To fulfill these stepwise functionalities, "bioresponsive" polymers that can alter their structure responding to site-specific biological signals are highly useful. Notably, pH, redox potential, and enzymatic activities vary along with microenvironments in the body, and thus, the responsiveness to these signals enables to construct nucleic acid carriers with programmed functionalities. This chapter describes the design of bioresponsive polymers that respond to various biological microenvironments for smart nucleic acids delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyasu Takemoto
- Polymer Chemistry Division, Chemical Resources Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan
| | - Kanjiro Miyata
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Nishiyama
- Polymer Chemistry Division, Chemical Resources Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kataoka
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan; Department of Materials Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Japan
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Silva RM, Pratas D, Castro L, Pinho AJ, Ferreira PJSG. Three minimal sequences found in Ebola virus genomes and absent from human DNA. Bioinformatics 2015; 31:2421-5. [PMID: 25840045 PMCID: PMC4514932 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btv189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Motivation: Ebola virus causes high mortality hemorrhagic fevers, with more than 25 000 cases and 10 000 deaths in the current outbreak. Only experimental therapies are available, thus, novel diagnosis tools and druggable targets are needed. Results: Analysis of Ebola virus genomes from the current outbreak reveals the presence of short DNA sequences that appear nowhere in the human genome. We identify the shortest such sequences with lengths between 12 and 14. Only three absent sequences of length 12 exist and they consistently appear at the same location on two of the Ebola virus proteins, in all Ebola virus genomes, but nowhere in the human genome. The alignment-free method used is able to identify pathogen-specific signatures for quick and precise action against infectious agents, of which the current Ebola virus outbreak provides a compelling example. Availability and Implementation: EAGLE is freely available for non-commercial purposes at http://bioinformatics.ua.pt/software/eagle. Contact:raquelsilva@ua.pt; pratas@ua.pt Supplementary Information:Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diogo Pratas
- IEETA and DETI, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | - Armando J Pinho
- IEETA and DETI, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Paulo J S G Ferreira
- IEETA and DETI, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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143
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Jagani H, Kasinathan N, Meka SR, Josyula VR. Antiapoptotic Bcl-2 protein as a potential target for cancer therapy: A mini review. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 44:1212-21. [DOI: 10.3109/21691401.2015.1019668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hitesh Jagani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Narayanan Kasinathan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Sreenivasa Reddy Meka
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Venkata Rao Josyula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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144
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Li Y, Liu R, Shi Y, Zhang Z, Zhang X. Zwitterionic poly(carboxybetaine)-based cationic liposomes for effective delivery of small interfering RNA therapeutics without accelerated blood clearance phenomenon. Theranostics 2015; 5:583-96. [PMID: 25825598 PMCID: PMC4377727 DOI: 10.7150/thno.11234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
For efficient delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) to the target diseased site in vivo, it is important to design suitable vehicles to control the blood circulation of siRNA. It has been shown that surface modification of cationic liposome/siRNA complexes (lipoplexes) with polyethylene glycol (PEG) could enhance the circulation time of lipoplexes. However, the first injection of PEGylated lipoplexes in vivo induces accelerated blood clearance and enhances hepatic accumulation of the following injected PEGylated lipoplexes, which is known as the accelerated blood clearance (ABC) phenomenon. Herein, we developed zwitterionic poly(carboxybetaine) (PCB) modified lipoplexes for the delivery of siRNA therapeutics, which could avoid protein adsorption and enhance the stability of lipoplexes as that for PEG. Quite different from the PEGylation, the PCBylated lipoplexes could avoid ABC phenomenon, which extended the blood circulation time and enhanced the tumor accumulation of lipoplexes in vivo. After accumulation in tumor site, the PCBylation could promote the cellular uptake and endosomal/lysosomal escape of lipoplexes due to its unique chemical structure and pH-sensitive ability. With excellent tumor accumulation, cellular uptake and endosomal/lysosomal escape abilities, the PCBylated lipoplexes significantly inhibited tumor growth and induced tumor cell apoptosis.
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145
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Zewge D, Gosselin F, Kenski DM, Li J, Jadhav V, Yuan Y, Nerurkar SS, Tellers DM, Flanagan WM, Davies IW. High-throughput chemical modification of oligonucleotides for systematic structure-activity relationship evaluation. Bioconjug Chem 2014; 25:2222-32. [PMID: 25398098 DOI: 10.1021/bc500453q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chemical modification of siRNA is achieved in a high-throughput manner (96-well plate format) by copper catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloadditions. This transformation can be performed in one synthetic operation at up to four positions with complete specificity, good yield, and acceptable purity. As demonstrated here, this approach extends the current synthetic options for oligonucleotide modifications and simultaneously facilitates the systematic, rapid biological evaluation of modified siRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Zewge
- Department of Process Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories , Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
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146
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Kim E, Lee H, An Y, Jang E, Lim EK, Kang B, Suh JS, Huh YM, Haam S. Imidazolized magnetic nanovectors with endosome disrupting moieties for the intracellular delivery and imaging of siRNA. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:8566-8575. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb01274g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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147
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Zhu J, Huang H, Dong S, Ge L, Zhang Y. Progress in aptamer-mediated drug delivery vehicles for cancer targeting and its implications in addressing chemotherapeutic challenges. Theranostics 2014; 4:931-44. [PMID: 25057317 PMCID: PMC4107293 DOI: 10.7150/thno.9663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aptamers are novel oligonucleotides with flexible three-dimensional configurations that recognize and bind to their cognate targets, including tumor surface receptors, in a high-affinity and highly specific manner. Because of their unique intrinsic properties, a variety of aptamer-mediated nanovehicles have been developed to directionally transport anti-cancer drugs to tumor sites to minimize systemic cytotoxicity and to enhance permeation by these tumoricidal agents. Despite advances in the selection and synthesis of aptamers and in the conjugation and self-assembly of nanotechnologies, current chemotherapy and drug delivery systems face great challenges. These challenges are due to the limitations of aptamers and vehicles and because of complicated tumor mechanisms, including heterogeneity, anti-cancer drug resistance, and hypoxia-induced aberrances. In this review, we will summarize current approaches utilizing tumor surface hallmarks and aptamers and their roles and mechanisms in therapeutic nanovehicles targeting tumors. Delivery forms include nanoparticles, nanotubes, nanogels, aptamer-drug conjugates, and novel molecular trains. Moreover, the obstacles posed by the aforementioned issues will be highlighted, and possible solutions will be acknowledged. Furthermore, future perspectives will be presented, including cutting-edge integration with RNA interference nanotechnology and personalized chemotherapy, which will facilitate innovative approaches to aptamer-based therapeutics.
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