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Bakrania A, Mo Y, Zheng G, Bhat M. RNA nanomedicine in liver diseases. Hepatology 2024:01515467-990000000-00569. [PMID: 37725757 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
The remarkable impact of RNA nanomedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated the expansive therapeutic potential of this field in diverse disease contexts. In recent years, RNA nanomedicine targeting the liver has been paradigm-shifting in the management of metabolic diseases such as hyperoxaluria and amyloidosis. RNA nanomedicine has significant potential in the management of liver diseases, where optimal management would benefit from targeted delivery, doses titrated to liver metabolism, and personalized therapy based on the specific site of interest. In this review, we discuss in-depth the different types of RNA and nanocarriers used for liver targeting along with their specific applications in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, liver fibrosis, and liver cancers. We further highlight the strategies for cell-specific delivery and future perspectives in this field of research with the emergence of small activating RNA, circular RNA, and RNA base editing approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Bakrania
- Department of Medicine, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Ajmera Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yulin Mo
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gang Zheng
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mamatha Bhat
- Department of Medicine, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Ajmera Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Suvarna R, Shetty S, Pappachan JM. Efficacy and safety of Resmetirom, a selective thyroid hormone receptor-β agonist, in the treatment of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD): a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19790. [PMID: 39187533 PMCID: PMC11347689 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-70242-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is an important public health problem owing to its high prevalence and associated morbidity and mortality secondary to progressive liver disease and cardiovascular events. Resmetirom, a selective thyroid hormone receptor-β agonist has been developed as a therapeutic modality for MASLD. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of resmetirom compared to a placebo in the treatment of MASLD. Eligible studies were systematically identified by screening PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane library, Embase, and ClinicalTrials.gov from 2014 to 2024. Only randomized controlled trials comparing the efficacy and safety of resmetirom in the treatment of MASLD against placebo were included in the analysis. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software. Four studies with low risk of bias and involving a total of 2359 participants were identified. The metanalysis included only three clinical trials with 2234 participants. A significant reduction in MRI-proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF) with 80 mg Resmetirom compared to that with placebo [SMD - 27.74 (95% CI - 32.05 to - 32.42), p < 0.00001] at 36-52 weeks as well as at 12-16 weeks [SMD - 30.92 (95% CI - 36.44 to - 25.40), p < 0.00001]. With Resmetirom 100 mg dose at 36-52 weeks [SMD - 36.05 (95% CI - 40.67 to - 31.43), p < 0.00001] and 12-16 weeks [SMD - 36.89 (95% CI - 40.73 to - 33.05), p < 0.00001] were observed. Resmetirom treatment was associated with a significant reduction in LDL-c triglyceride, lipoproteins. and liver enzymes. There was significant reduction FT4 and increase in SHBG and sex steroids with Resmetirom compared to placebo. There was no major difference in the overall treatment emergent adverse events at 80 mg [OR 1.55 (95% CI 0.84 to 2.87), and 100 mg [OR 1.13 (95% CI 0.78 to 1.63), doses of Resmetirom compared to placebo. However, gastrointestinal adverse events diarrhoea and nausea occurred in ≥ 10% in the Resmetirom group compared to placebo at < 12 week. Resmetirom treatment showed modest efficacy in treating MASLD with reduction in MRI-PDFF, LDL-c, triglyceride, lipoproteins, liver enzymes and NASH biomarkers without significant safety concerns. Larger and long-term RCTs may further confirm this promising outcomes of Resmetirom use in MASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renuka Suvarna
- Department of Endocrinology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Sahana Shetty
- Department of Endocrinology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
| | - Joseph M Pappachan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Preston, PR2 9HT, United Kingdom
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Ota T, Onishi H, Fukui H, Tsuboyama T, Nakamoto A, Honda T, Matsumoto S, Tatsumi M, Tomiyama N. Prediction models for differentiating benign from malignant liver lesions based on multiparametric dual-energy non-contrast CT. Eur Radiol 2024:10.1007/s00330-024-11024-8. [PMID: 39186105 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-024-11024-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To create prediction models (PMs) for distinguishing between benign and malignant liver lesions using quantitative data from dual-energy CT (DECT) without contrast agents. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective study included patients with liver lesions who underwent DECT, including non-contrast-enhanced scans. Benign lesions included hepatic hemangioma, whereas malignant lesions included hepatocellular carcinoma, metastatic liver cancer, and intrahepatic cholangiocellular carcinoma. Patients were divided into derivation and validation groups. In the derivation group, two radiologists calculated ten multiparametric data using univariate and multivariate logistic regression to generate PMs. In the validation group, two additional radiologists measured the parameters to assess the diagnostic performance of PMs. RESULTS The study included 121 consecutive patients (mean age 67.4 ± 13.8 years, 80 males), with 97 in the derivation group (25 benign and 72 malignant) and 24 in the validation group (7 benign and 17 malignant). Oversampling increased the benign lesion sample to 75, equalizing the malignant group for building PMs. All parameters were statistically significant in univariate analysis (all p < 0.05), leading to the creation of five PMs in multivariate analysis. The area under the curve for the five PMs of two observers was as follows: PM1 (slope K, blood) = 0.76, 0.74; PM2 (slope K, fat) = 0.55, 0.51; PM3 (effective-Z difference, blood) = 0.75, 0.72; PM4 (slope K, blood, fat) = 0.82, 0.78; and PM5 (slope K, effective-Z difference, blood) = 0.90, 0.87. PM5 yielded the best diagnostic performance. CONCLUSION Multiparametric non-contrast-enhanced DECT is a highly effective method for distinguishing between liver lesions. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT The utilization of non-contrast-enhanced DECT is extremely useful for distinguishing between benign and malignant liver lesions. This approach enables physicians to plan better treatment strategies, alleviating concerns associated with contrast allergy, contrast-induced nephropathy, radiation exposure, and excessive medical expenses. KEY POINTS Distinguishing benign from malignant liver lesions with non-contrast-enhanced CT would be desirable. This model, incorporating slope K, effective Z, and blood quantification, distinguished benign from malignant liver lesions. Non-contrast-enhanced DECT has benefits, particularly in patients with an iodine allergy, renal failure, or asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ota
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Hiromitsu Onishi
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Fukui
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tsuboyama
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakamoto
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toru Honda
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shohei Matsumoto
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Tatsumi
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Tomiyama
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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104
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Gumede NM, Lembede BW, Nkomozepi P, Brooksbank RL, Erlwanger KH, Chivandi E. Protective effect of β-sitosterol against high-fructose diet-induced oxidative stress, and hepatorenal derangements in growing female sprague-dawley rats. Lab Anim Res 2024; 40:30. [PMID: 39187895 PMCID: PMC11346026 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-024-00215-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic consumption of a high-fructose diet causes oxidative stress that compromises kidney and liver health. β-sitosterol (Bst), a phytosterol, is a functional nutrient with health benefits. β-sitosterol antioxidant activity protects the liver and kidney from ROS-mediated damage and lipid peroxidation. We evaluated the potential renoprotective and hepatoprotective effects of orally administrated β-sitosterol in high-fructose diet-fed growing female rats. Thirty-five 21-day old female Sprague-Dawley rat pups were randomly assigned to and administered the following treatments for 12 weeks: group I- standard rat chow (SRC) + plain drinking water (PW) + plain gelatine cube (PC); group II- SRC + 20% w/v fructose solution (FS) as drinking fluid + PC; group III- SRC + FS + 100 mg/kg body mass (BM) fenofibrate in gelatine cube; group IV- SRC + FS + 20 mg/kg BM β-sitosterol gelatine cube (Bst) and group V- SRC + PW + Bst. The rats were fasted overnight, weighed then euthanised. Blood was collected, centrifuged and plasma harvested. Livers and kidneys were excised, weighed and samples preserved for histological assessments. Plasma biomarkers of oxidative stress, liver and kidney function and renal tubular injury were assessed. RESULTS High fructose diet fed rats had increased plasma KIM-1, NGAL (p < 0.001) and MDA levels (p < 0.05). Dietary fructose caused microvesicular and macrovesicular steatosis, and reduced glomerular density, Bowman's capsule area and urinary space. β-sitosterol protected against the high-fructose diet-induced hepatic steatosis and glomerular disturbances without adverse effects on liver and kidney function. CONCLUSIONS β-sitosterol, as a dietary supplement, could potentially be exploited to prevent high-fructose diet-induced NAFLD and to protect against high-fructose diet-induced renal tubular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nontobeko M Gumede
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private bag X32, Pretoria, 0031, South Africa.
| | - Busisani W Lembede
- School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, Republic of South Africa
| | - Pilani Nkomozepi
- Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa
| | - Richard L Brooksbank
- School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, Republic of South Africa
| | - Kennedy H Erlwanger
- School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, Republic of South Africa
| | - Eliton Chivandi
- School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, Republic of South Africa
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Wang Y, Gao B, Jiao T, Zhang W, Shi H, Jiang H, Li X, Li J, Ge X, Pan K, Li C, Mao G, Lu S. CCL5/CCR5/CYP1A1 pathway prompts liver cancer cells to survive in the combination of targeted and immunological therapies. Cancer Sci 2024. [PMID: 39183447 DOI: 10.1111/cas.16320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Combination therapy of anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has significantly improved the prognosis for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but many patients still have unsatisfactory outcomes. CD8 T cells are known to exert a pivotal function in the immune response against tumors. Nevertheless, most CD8 T cells in HCC tissues are in a state of exhaustion, losing the cytotoxic activity against malignant cells. Cytokines, mainly secreted by immune cells, play an important role in the occurrence and development of tumors. Here, we demonstrated the changes in exhausted CD8T cells during combination therapy by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis on tumor samples before and after treatment. Combination therapy exerted a substantial impact on the exhausted CD8T cells, particularly in terms of cytokine expression. CCL5 was the most abundantly expressed cytokine in CD8T cells and exhausted CD8T cells, and its expression increased further after treatment. Subsequently, we discovered the CCL5/CCR5/CYP1A1 pathway through RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) on CCL5-stimulated Huh7 cells and verified through a series of experiments that this pathway can mediate the resistance of liver cancer cells to lenvatinib. Tissue experiments showed that after combination therapy, the CCL5/CCR5/CYP1A1 pathway was activated, which can benefit the residual tumor cells to survive treatment. Tumor-bearing mouse experiments demonstrated that bergamottin (BGM), a competitive inhibitor of CYP1A1, can enhance the efficacy of both lenvatinib and combination therapy. Our research revealed one mechanism by which hepatoma cells can survive the combination therapy, providing a theoretical basis for the refined treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Wang
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Digital Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Biao Gao
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Digital Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyu Jiao
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Digital Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Digital Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Huizhong Shi
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Digital Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Digital Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Xuerui Li
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Digital Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Junfeng Li
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Digital Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Xinlan Ge
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Digital Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Pan
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Digital Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Chonghui Li
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Digital Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Guankun Mao
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Digital Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Shichun Lu
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Digital Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
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Yin Y, Liu BJ, Zhang YH, Qiu XY. Hepatitis B virus reactivation risk associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors in tumor treatment: a retrospective study. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2024:hyae105. [PMID: 39180717 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyae105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation is a recognized complication of cytotoxic chemotherapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B. However, the risk of HBV reactivation with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) remains uncertain due to their exclusion from clinical trials. This study aimed to assess the incidence of HBV reactivation in patients with cancer undergoing ICI therapy, exploring associated risk factors. METHODS This retrospective study included patients with cancer who tested positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). The primary endpoint was incidence of HBV reactivation, whereas the secondary endpoint was occurrence of hepatic adverse events during ICI therapy. RESULTS Among the 162 eligible patients (median age 59 years; 85.8% men), HBV reactivation occurred in 4.3% at a median of 13 weeks post-treatment initiation. At baseline, HBV DNA was undetectable in 78 patients; 88 received antiviral prophylaxis, while 74 patients did not. Reactivation rates were 3.5% in HBsAg-positive and 10% in hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb)-positive individuals, with an overall rate of 4.3%. These rates were 1.1% with prophylaxis and 8.1% without. Twenty-two patients had grade 3-4 hepatitis, and 25 tested HBsAg-negative but HBcAb-positive. No HBV-related fatalities occurred. The absence of antiviral treatment was a significant risk factor for HBV reactivation. CONCLUSIONS Our study underscores the risk of HBV reactivation in patients with cancer undergoing ICI therapy, especially among those lacking antiviral prophylaxis. Regular HBV DNA testing and antiviral prophylaxis are crucial preventive measures for HBV reactivation. These findings emphasize the importance of monitoring HBV status in patients receiving ICIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yin
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Bao Jiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research [Ministry of Education], Department of Interventional Therapy, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Yan Hua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Xin Ye Qiu
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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Matboli M, Abdelbaky I, Khaled A, Khaled R, Hamady S, Farid LM, Abouelkhair MB, El-Attar NE, Farag Fathallah M, Abd El Hamid MS, Elmakromy GM, Ali M. Machine learning based identification potential feature genes for prediction of drug efficacy in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis animal model. Lipids Health Dis 2024; 23:266. [PMID: 39182075 PMCID: PMC11344433 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02231-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) results from complex liver conditions involving metabolic, inflammatory, and fibrogenic processes. Despite its burden, there has been a lack of any approved food-and-drug administration therapy up till now. PURPOSE Utilizing machine learning (ML) algorithms, the study aims to identify reliable potential genes to accurately predict the treatment response in the NASH animal model using biochemical and molecular markers retrieved using bioinformatics techniques. METHODS The NASH-induced rat models were administered various microbiome-targeted therapies and herbal drugs for 12 weeks, these drugs resulted in reducing hepatic lipid accumulation, liver inflammation, and histopathological changes. The ML model was trained and tested based on the Histopathological NASH score (HPS); while (0-4) HPS considered Improved NASH and (5-8) considered non-improved, confirmed through rats' liver histopathological examination, incorporates 34 features comprising 20 molecular markers (mRNAs-microRNAs-Long non-coding-RNAs) and 14 biochemical markers that are highly enriched in NASH pathogenesis. Six different ML models were used in the proposed model for the prediction of NASH improvement, with Gradient Boosting demonstrating the highest accuracy of 98% in predicting NASH drug response. FINDINGS Following a gradual reduction in features, the outcomes demonstrated superior performance when employing the Random Forest classifier, yielding an accuracy of 98.4%. The principal selected molecular features included YAP1, LATS1, NF2, SRD5A3-AS1, FOXA2, TEAD2, miR-650, MMP14, ITGB1, and miR-6881-5P, while the biochemical markers comprised triglycerides (TG), ALT, ALP, total bilirubin (T. Bilirubin), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). CONCLUSION This study introduced an ML model incorporating 16 noninvasive features, including molecular and biochemical signatures, which achieved high performance and accuracy in detecting NASH improvement. This model could potentially be used as diagnostic tools and to identify target therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Matboli
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ibrahim Abdelbaky
- Artificial Intelligence Department, Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence, Benha University, Benha City, Egypt
| | - Abdelrahman Khaled
- Bioinformatics Group, Center of Informatics Sciences (CIS), School of Information Technology and Computer Sciences, Nile University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Radwa Khaled
- Biotechnology/Biomolecular Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Basic Sciences Department, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Laila M Farid
- Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Noha E El-Attar
- Information System Department, Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence, Benha University, Benha City, Egypt
- Faculty of Artificial Intelligence, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, 35712, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Farag Fathallah
- Medical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Manal S Abd El Hamid
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gena M Elmakromy
- Endocrinology & Diabetes Mellitus Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, Egypt
| | - Marwa Ali
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Zhao R, Zhang C, Tang C, Wu X, Hu S, Luo Q, Jia N, Fan L, Wang Y, Jiang W, Chen Q. Triterpenes from Ganoderma lucidum inhibit hepatocellular carcinoma by regulating enhancer-associated lncRNA in vivo. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 336:118706. [PMID: 39186989 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum) has been widely used as adjuvant of anti-tumor therapy for variety tumors. The bioactive ingredients of G. lucidum mainly include triterpenes, such as Ganoderic acid A, Ganoderic acid B, Ganoderenic acid A, Ganoderenic acid B, Ganoderenic acid D, and Ganoderic acid X. However, the effects and underlying mechanisms of G. lucidum are often challenging in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment. AIM OF THE STUDY To explore the potential role and mechanism of enhancer-associated lncRNAs (en-lncRNAs) in G. lucidum treated HCC through the in vivo and in vitro experiments. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hepa1-6-bearing C57 BL/6 mice model were established to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of G. lucidum treated HCC. Ki67 and TUNEL staining were used to detect the tumor cell proliferation and apoptosis in vivo. The Mouse lncRNA 4*180K array was implemented to identify the differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs and mRNAs of G. lucidum treated tumor mice. The constructed lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network and bioinformatics analysis were used to selected core en-lncRNAs and its neighboring genes. The UPLC-MS method was used to identify the triterpenes of G. lucidum, and the in vitro experiments were used to verify which triterpene monomers regulated en-lncRNAs in tumor cells. Finally, a stable knockdown/overexpression cell lines were used to confirm the relationship between en-lncRNA and neighboring gene. RESULTS Ki67 and TUNEL staining demonstrated G. lucidum significantly inhibited tumor growth, suppressed cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in vivo. Transcriptomic analysis revealed the existence of 126 DE lncRNAs high correlated with 454 co-expressed mRNAs in G. lucidum treated tumor mice. Based on lncRNA-mRNA network and qRT-PCR validation, 6 core lncRNAs were selected and considered high correlated with G. lucidum treatment. Bioinformatics analysis revealed FR036820 and FR121302 might act as enhancers, and qRT-PCR results suggested FR121302 might enhance Popdc2 mRNA level in HCC. Furthermore, 6 main triterpene monomers of G. lucidum were identified by UPLC-MS method, and in vitro experiments showed FR121302 and Popdc2 were significantly suppressed by Ganoderenic acid A and Ganoderenic acid B, respectively. The knock/overexpression results demonstrated that FR121302 activating and enhancing Popdc2 expression levels, and Ganoderenic acid A and Ganoderenic acid B dramatically suppressed FR121302 and decreased Popdc2 level in Hepa1-6 cells. CONCLUSIONS Enhancer-associated lncRNA plays a crucial role as an enhancer during hepatocarcinogenesis, and triterpenes of G. lucidum significantly inhibited tumor cell proliferation and induced apoptosis by regulating en-lncRNAs. Our study demonstrated Ganoderenic acid A and Ganoderenic acid B suppressed en-lncRNA FR121302 may be one of the critical strategies of G. lucidum inhibit hepatocellular carcinoma growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruolin Zhao
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China; Institute of Basic Medical Research, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Caiyun Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Chenchen Tang
- Department of Experimental Management, School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xinxin Wu
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Sheng Hu
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Qingqiong Luo
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Ning Jia
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Lingzhi Fan
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Yixing Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China.
| | - Wencheng Jiang
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China.
| | - Qilong Chen
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China.
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109
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Hassan F, Farman M, Khan KA, Awais M, Akhtar S. Prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in Pakistan: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19573. [PMID: 39179792 PMCID: PMC11344154 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-70481-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver condition globally and the leading cause of liver-related death and morbidity. The goal of this study was to collect current data in order to calculate the pooled prevalence of NAFLD in Pakistan. We conducted a comprehensive literature search on four electronic databases until March 2024 to find studies on the prevalence of NAFLD in Pakistan. Pooled prevalence estimates of NAFLD were obtained using random-effects meta-analytic models. The chi-square test was used to account for study heterogeneity, whereas the I2 statistic was used to assess inconsistency. The data were stratified by the general population (average risk) and individuals with metabolic diseases (high risk). Two reviewers thoroughly and independently screened, reviewed, and assessed all studies. In total, 468 studies were reviewed, and 34 were included. The pooled NAFLD prevalence in the general population was 29.82% (95% CI 21.39-39.01%; prediction interval: 2.98-68.92%) based on 13 studies. In individuals with metabolic disorders, the prevalence of NAFLD in patients with diabetes, hypertension, and obesity, was 58.47% (95% CI 54.23-62.64%; prediction interval: 38.16-77.40%), 74.08% (95% CI 60.50-85.70%), and 47.43% (95% CI 30.49-64.66%), respectively. There was no evidence of publication bias, although a statistically significant level of heterogeneity was seen among the studies (I2 ranged from 57.5 to 98.69%). The findings of this study indicate a substantial prevalence of NAFLD in the population of Pakistan. The Pakistani government must formulate a comprehensive approach and plan aimed at augmenting awareness, control, prevention, and treatment of fatty liver disease.Prospero Registration no: CRD42022356607.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazal Hassan
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Haripur, Haripur, KP, Pakistan
| | | | - Kauser Aftab Khan
- Department of Community Medicine Gujranwala, Medical College Gujranwala, Gujranwala, Pakistan
| | | | - Sohail Akhtar
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Haripur, Haripur, KP, Pakistan.
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Jang JW, Capaldi E, Smith T, Verma P, Varga J, Ho KJ. Trimethylamine N-oxide: a meta-organismal axis linking the gut and fibrosis. Mol Med 2024; 30:128. [PMID: 39180015 PMCID: PMC11344357 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-024-00895-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue fibrosis is a common pathway to failure in many organ systems and is the cellular and molecular driver of myriad chronic diseases that are incompletely understood and lack effective treatment. Recent studies suggest that gut microbe-dependent metabolites might be involved in the initiation and progression of fibrosis in multiple organ systems. MAIN BODY OF THE MANUSCRIPT In a meta-organismal pathway that begins in the gut, gut microbiota convert dietary precursors such as choline, phosphatidylcholine, and L-carnitine into trimethylamine (TMA), which is absorbed and subsequently converted to trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) via the host enzyme flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3) in the liver. Chronic exposure to elevated TMAO appears to be associated with vascular injury and enhanced fibrosis propensity in diverse conditions, including chronic kidney disease, heart failure, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, and systemic sclerosis. CONCLUSION Despite the high prevalence of fibrosis, little is known to date about the role of gut dysbiosis and of microbe-dependent metabolites in its pathogenesis. This review summarizes recent important advances in the understanding of the complex metabolism and functional role of TMAO in pathologic fibrosis and highlights unanswered questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Woong Jang
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 North St. Clair Street, Suite 650, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Emma Capaldi
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 North St. Clair Street, Suite 650, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Tracy Smith
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 North St. Clair Street, Suite 650, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Priyanka Verma
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Floor 3, Reception A, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - John Varga
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Floor 3, Reception A, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Karen J Ho
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 North St. Clair Street, Suite 650, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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111
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Wen R, Peng Y, Liang Y, Wu Y, Li H, Chen Y, Qin Y, Wen Z, Cui H, He Y, Yang H. CEUS LI-RADS in Combination With the Serum Biomarker-Based ASAP Model Improves the Diagnostic Performance of HCC in High-Risk Patients. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2024:S0301-5629(24)00300-4. [PMID: 39181805 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2024.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the diagnostic efficacy of the CEUS LI-RADS combined with a model constructed on the basis of age, sex, AFP, and PIVKA-II (ASAP) for the diagnosis of HCC in high-risk patients. METHODS This retrospective study included 366 liver lesions from 366 patients who underwent liver CEUS. All liver lesions were characterized and categorized according to CEUS LI-RADS v2017. Two modified methods were applied: LR-3/4/M nodules accompanied by AFP > 200 ng/mL (Criterion 2) or ASAP model score > 0.5256 and CA 19-9 in the normal range (Criterion 3) were recategorized as LR-5. The reference criteria included histopathological or comprehensive imaging and the clinical follow-up results. The diagnostic performance was evaluated and compared by the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV. RESULTS The incidence of HCC in LR-3, LR-4, LR-5, and LR-M was 33.3% (4/12), 86.4% (38/44), 98.5% (191/194) and 82.7% (81/98), respectively. After using Criterion 2 compared to CEUS LI-RADS v2017, the sensitivity of the modified LR-5 for diagnosing HCC increased from 60.8% to 70.7% (p < 0.01) with little effect on its specificity (94.2% vs. 92.3%, p = 1.00) or PPV (98.5% vs. 98.2%, p = 0.86). After using Criterion 3, the sensitivity of the modified LR-5 for the diagnosis of HCC was further improved to 86.9% (p < 0.01), and its specificity and PPV were not significantly changed (92.3% and 98.6%, both p > 0.05). CONCLUSION CEUS LI-RADS combined with the serum biomarker-based ASAP model improved the sensitivity of LR-5 in diagnosing HCC with little effect on its specificity and PPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wen
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yuting Peng
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yiqiong Liang
- Department of Radiology, Guangxi International Zhuang Medicine Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Yuquan Wu
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Haiyuan Li
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yanxia Chen
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yan Qin
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhiyuan Wen
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Huanyu Cui
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yun He
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
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Mukherjee P, Guha S, Ghosh A, Kar K, Das G, Sahu SK. Porous Organic Polymer-Based Nanocomposites for Hypoxia Relieving and Enhanced Chemotherapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024. [PMID: 39177187 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Uncontrolled proliferation and altered metabolism of cancer cells result in an imbalance of nutrients and oxygen supply, and persuade hypoxia. Hypoxia, in turn, activates the transcription gene HIF-1α, which eventually upregulates the efflux transporter P-gp and induces multidrug resistance (MDR). Thus, hypoxia leads to the development of resistance to conventional therapies. Therefore, the fabrication of a nanoscale porous system enriched with upconversion nanoparticles to target cancer cells, evade hypoxia, and enhance anticancer therapy is the key goal of this article. Herein, upconversion nanoparticles are embedded in a nanoscale porous organic polymer (POP) and further conjugated with a targeting moiety and a catalase molecule. The nanoscale POP embedded in UCNPs is generated at room temperature. The targeting ligand, lactobionic acid, is attached after polymer coating, which effectively targets liver cancer cells. Then, catalase is grafted effectively to produce oxygen. Endogenously generated oxygen alleviates hypoxia in liver cancer cells. The drug- and catalase-loaded composite exhibit greater cytotoxicity in hypoxic liver cells than in normal cells by overcoming hypoxia and downregulating the hypoxia-inducible factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poulami Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad 826004, Jharkhand, India
| | - Subhabrata Guha
- Department of Signal Transduction and Biogenic Amines, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S.P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026, India
| | - Antara Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad 826004, Jharkhand, India
| | - Korak Kar
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad 826004, Jharkhand, India
| | - Gaurav Das
- Department of Signal Transduction and Biogenic Amines, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S.P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026, India
| | - Sumanta Kumar Sahu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad 826004, Jharkhand, India
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113
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Eskes ECB, van Dussen L, Brands MMMG, Vaz FM, Aerts JMFG, van Kuilenburg ABP, Sjouke B, Hollak CEM. Natural disease course of chronic visceral acid sphingomyelinase deficiency in adults: A first step toward treatment criteria. J Inherit Metab Dis 2024. [PMID: 39177062 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Acid sphingomyelinase deficiency (ASMD) is an ultra-rare lysosomal storage disease with a broad spectrum of manifestations ranging from severe neuropathic forms to attenuated, chronic visceral forms. Manifestations of the chronic visceral subtype are variable and encompass different degrees of hepatosplenomegaly, pulmonary disease and dyslipidemia. The aim of this study was to provide insights into the natural course of adult patients with the chronic visceral subtype. Based on these insights, we proposed tentative criteria for initiation and follow-up of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). The data of 23 adult patients were collected in a prospective study. Clinical, genetic and demographic data, plasma measurements, abdominal imaging, pulmonary imaging, pulmonary function tests and quality of life questionnaires were collected. Stability of disease based on several clinical, biochemical and radiological markers (i.e., spleen volume, platelet levels, liver volume, alanine aminotransferase [ALT] levels, diffusion capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide [DLCO] chitotriosidase activity and lysosphingomyelin [LSM]) was assessed. Cardiovascular risk was estimated based on sex, age, smoking, systolic blood pressure and lipid profile. Quality of life was evaluated with the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey and the Health Assessment Questionnaire. Median follow-up was 6.1 years (range 1.3-19.5 years). The most common manifestations were splenomegaly (100%), decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) plasma levels (83%), (signs of) steatosis measured with transient elastography (82%), thrombocytopenia (64%), hepatomegaly (52%) and decreased diffusion capacity (45%). The majority of markers remained stable during follow-up. Twelve patients showed progression of disease: four for spleen volume, two for liver volume, three for DLCO, seven for chitotriosidase activity and three for LSM. One patient showed progression of disease based on four markers, although this patient did not report any problems at the last visit. Cardiovascular risk was estimated and was increased in half of the patients older than 40 years. Patient-reported quality of life did not differ from the general population, but differences in median 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) scores of patients with severe pulmonary involvement and those of patients without pulmonary involvement were observed. Tentative criteria for initiation and effect of therapy were proposed. In conclusion, the chronic visceral subtype of ASMD showed a predominantly stable disease course in this cohort. We propose that ERT should be initiated on an individual basis and only in case of progression or symptomatic disease. Collection and analysis of real world data are necessary to refine start, stop and follow-up criteria in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline C B Eskes
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura van Dussen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marion M M G Brands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frédéric M Vaz
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Johannes M F G Aerts
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, University of Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - André B P van Kuilenburg
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Barbara Sjouke
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud UMC, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Carla E M Hollak
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Letafati A, Taghiabadi Z, Roushanzamir M, Memarpour B, Seyedi S, Farahani AV, Norouzi M, Karamian S, Zebardast A, Mehrabinia M, Ardekani OS, Fallah T, Khazry F, Daneshvar SF, Norouzi M. From discovery to treatment: tracing the path of hepatitis E virus. Virol J 2024; 21:194. [PMID: 39180020 PMCID: PMC11342613 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-024-02470-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a major cause of acute viral hepatitis worldwide. HEV is classified into eight genotypes, labeled HEV-1 through HEV-8. Genotypes 1 and 2 exclusively infect humans, while genotypes 3, 4, and 7 can infect both humans and animals. In contrast, genotypes 5, 6, and 8 are restricted to infecting animals. While most individuals with a strong immune system experience a self-limiting infection, those who are immunosuppressed may develop chronic hepatitis. Pregnant women are particularly vulnerable to severe illness and mortality due to HEV infection. In addition to liver-related complications, HEV can also cause extrahepatic manifestations, including neurological disorders. The immune response is vital in determining the outcome of HEV infection. Deficiencies in T cells, NK cells, and antibody responses are linked to poor prognosis. Interestingly, HEV itself contains microRNAs that regulate its replication and modify the host's antiviral response. Diagnosis of HEV infection involves the detection of HEV RNA and anti-HEV IgM/IgG antibodies. Supportive care is the mainstay of treatment for acute infection, while chronic HEV infection may be cleared with the use of ribavirin and pegylated interferon. Prevention remains the best approach against HEV, focusing on sanitation infrastructure improvements and vaccination, with one vaccine already licensed in China. This comprehensive review provides insights into the spread, genotypes, prevalence, and clinical effects of HEV. Furthermore, it emphasizes the need for further research and attention to HEV, particularly in cases of acute hepatitis, especially among solid-organ transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Letafati
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zahra Taghiabadi
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshid Roushanzamir
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Bahar Memarpour
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
- Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Saba Seyedi
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Masoomeh Norouzi
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeideh Karamian
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arghavan Zebardast
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Mehrabinia
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Salahi Ardekani
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tina Fallah
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Khazry
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samin Fathi Daneshvar
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Norouzi
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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Volniansky A, Lefebvre TL, Kulbay M, Fan B, Aslan E, Vu KN, Montagnon E, Nguyen BN, Sebastiani G, Giard JM, Sylvestre MP, Gilbert G, Cloutier G, Tang A. Inter-visit and inter-reader reproducibility of multi-parametric diffusion-weighted MR imaging in longitudinally imaged patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease and healthy volunteers. Magn Reson Imaging 2024; 113:110223. [PMID: 39181478 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2024.110223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the widespread use of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), MRI acquisition and quantification techniques vary in the literature suggesting the need for established and reproducible protocols. The goal of this study was to assess inter-visit and inter-reader reproducibility of DWI- and IVIM-derived parameters in patients with MAFLD and healthy volunteers using extensive sampling of the "fast" compartment, non-rigid registration, and exclusion voxels with poor fit quality. METHODS From June 2019 to April 2023, 31 subjects (20 patients with biopsy-proven MAFLD and 11 healthy volunteers) were included in this IRB-approved study. Subjects underwent MRI examinations twice within 40 days. 3.0 T DWI was acquired using a respiratory-triggered spin-echo diffusion-weighted echo-planar imaging sequence (b-values of 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800 s/mm2). DWI series were co-registered prior to voxel-wise non-linear regression of the IVIM model and voxels with poor fit quality were excluded (normalized root mean squared error ≥ 0.05). IVIM parameters (perfusion fraction, f; diffusion coefficient, D; and pseudo-diffusion coefficient, D*), and apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC) were computed from manual segmentation of the right liver lobe performed by two analysts on two MRI examinations. RESULTS All results are reported for f, D, D*, and ADC respectively. For inter-reader agreement on the first visit, ICC were of 0.985, 0.994, 0.986, and 0.993 respectively. For intra-reader agreement of analyst 1 assessed on both imaging examinations, ICC between visits were of 0.805, 0.759, 0.511, and 0.850 respectively. For inter-reader agreement on the first visit, mean bias and 95 % limits of agreement were (0.00 ± 0.03), (-0.01 ± 0.03) × 10-3 mm2/s, (0.70 ± 10.40) × 10-3 mm2/s, and (-0.02 ± 0.04) × 10-3 mm2/s respectively. For intra-reader agreement of analyst 1, mean bias and 95 % limits of agreement were (0.01 ± 0.09) × 10-3 mm2/s, (-0.01 ± 0.21) × 10-3 mm2/s, (-13.37 ± 56.19) × 10-3 mm2/s, and (-0.01 ± 0.16) × 10-3 mm2/s respectively. Except for parameter D* that was associated with between-subjects parameter variability (P = 0.009), there was no significant variability between subjects, examinations, or readers. CONCLUSION With our approach, IVIM parameters f, D, D*, and ADC provided excellent inter-reader agreement and good to very good inter-visit or intra-reader agreement, thus showing the reproducibility of IVIM-DWI of the liver in MAFLD patients and volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Volniansky
- Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada; Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Canada.
| | - Thierry L Lefebvre
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Canada; Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Merve Kulbay
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Canada; Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Canada.
| | - Boyan Fan
- Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada; Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Canada.
| | - Emre Aslan
- Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada; Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Canada.
| | - Kim-Nhien Vu
- Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.
| | - Emmanuel Montagnon
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Canada
| | - Bich Ngoc Nguyen
- Service of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montréal, Canada.
| | - Giada Sebastiani
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, McGill University Health Centre (MUHC), Montréal, Canada.
| | - Jeanne-Marie Giard
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hepatology and Liver Transplantation, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Marie-Pierre Sylvestre
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Canada; Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, École de santé publique de l'Université de Montréal (ESPUM), Montréal, Canada.
| | - Guillaume Gilbert
- Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada; MR Clinical Science, Philips Healthcare Canada, Mississauga, Canada.
| | - Guy Cloutier
- Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada; Laboratory of Biorheology and Medical Ultrasonics (LBUM), Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Canada.
| | - An Tang
- Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada; Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Canada; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.
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He C, Hu Z, Lin Z, Chen H, Cao C, Chen J, Yang X, Li H, Shen W, Wei X, Zhuang L, Zheng S, Xu X, Lu D. Chitinase-3 like-protein-1, a prognostic biomarker in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and concomitant myosteatosis. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:1042. [PMID: 39179959 PMCID: PMC11342564 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12808-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chitinase-3 like-protein-1 (CHI3L1) is a member of the mammalian chitinase-like proteins and elevated serum CHI3L1 level has been proved to be associated with poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aimed to investigate the relationship between serum CHI3L1 levels and body composition parameters in patients with HCC after liver transplantation (LT). METHODS This retrospective study enrolled 200 patients after LT for HCC. Blood samples were collected and serum concentrations of CHI3L1 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Computer tomography (CT) were used to estimate skeletal muscle and adipose tissue mass. Spearman's rank correlation test was performed to assess associations between serum CHI3L1 levels and these body composition parameters. A Cox proportional-hazards regression model was performed to identify independent prognostic factors. Overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) curves were constructed using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by the log-rank test. RESULTS Total 71 patients (35.5%) were diagnosed with myosteatosis according to skeletal muscle radiation attenuation (SMRA). The 5-year OS rates were 66.9% in non-myosteatosis group, significantly higher than 49.5% in myosteatosis group (p = 0.025), while the RFS of myosteatosis group (5-year RFS: 52.6%) or non-myosteatosis group (5-year RFS: 42.0%) shown no significant difference (p = 0.068). The serum CHI3L1 level were significantly negative correlated with SMRA (r = -0.3, p < 0.001). Interestingly, in patients with myosteatosis, Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that elevated serum CHI3L1 levels were associated with worse OS (p < 0.001) and RFS (p = 0.047). However, in patients without myosteatosis, Kaplan-Meier analysis found elevated serum CHI3L1 levels were not associated with OS (p = 0.070) or RFS (p = 0.104). CONCLUSIONS Elevated CHI3L1 was negatively correlated with SMRA, and predicted poorer prognosis in Chinese population after LT for HCC, especially in those patients with concomitant myosteatosis. Monitoring serum CHI3L1 can predict prognosis and effectively guide individual nutrition intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiyu He
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhihang Hu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zuyuan Lin
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenghao Cao
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinyan Chen
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Huigang Li
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Shen
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuyong Wei
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Zhuang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital, Hangzhou, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Xiao Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China.
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China.
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Di Lu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China.
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China.
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Xiong D, Cai W, Zhao W. Risk factors of HBV reactivation in leukemia patients with resolved HBV infection after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2024:102447. [PMID: 39181184 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2024.102447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-negative and antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc)-positive patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) are at risk of HBV reactivation (HBVr). METHODS To analyze the risk factors for HBVr, a total of 1,042 leukemia patients(≥18years of age), who underwent allo-HSCT from January 2016 to April 2022 in The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, were enrolled in the study. Finally, 193 leukemia patients with resolved HBV infection were included into the study. RESULTS HBVr occurred in 22 patients (11.39%), and the median time to HBVr was 24 months (with a range of 11-51months). Hepatitis flares developed in 22.73% of patients with HBVr, and hepatic failure occurred in 1 patient. During the follow-up period, only 1(1.3%) patient experienced HBVr among 79 patients with antiviral prophylaxis. While 21(18.42%) patients experienced HBVr among 114 patients without antiviral prophylaxis. The cumulative incidence of HBV reactivation at 3 years was 44.4.% for anti-HBs-negative donors/recipients with a low anti-HBs titer (<100IU/L) and 7.1% for anti-HBs-positive donors/recipients with a high anti-HBs titer (≥100IU/L) respectively. In addition, univariate and multifactorial Cox regression analyses confirmed the use of rituzumab as a risk factor for HBV reactivation. CONCLUSION The univariate and multivariate analysis confirmed that the anti-HBs titer in both recipients and donors are protective indicators to prevent incidence of HBVr. In addition, antiviral prophylaxis can significantly reduce the incidence of HBVr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danping Xiong
- Department of Infection Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Wen Cai
- Department of Infection Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Weifeng Zhao
- Department of Infection Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
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Hu J, Du Y, Zhou Y, Wang H. High sensitivity troponins and mortality in the population with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19541. [PMID: 39174636 PMCID: PMC11341865 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-70645-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Given the global high prevalence of MASLD and its poor CVD prognosis, it is essential to perform risk stratification for MASLD patients. The specific impact of High Sensitivity Troponins (hs-cTn ) on mortality in MASLD patients remains unexplored. The NHANES databases from 1999 to 2004, which include data on high-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTn) levels and comorbidities, were linked with the most recent mortality dataset. Myocardial injury was determined using the 99th upper reference limits (URL) for hs-cTn. Our study included 3460 MASLD patients. The mean follow-up duration was 192 months, during which 1074 (23%) MASLD participants died from all-cause mortality, and 363 (7.3%) died from CVD mortality. Our findings indicate that MASLD patients with elevated levels of hs-cTnT (> 99th URL) exhibit increased risks of all-cause mortality [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 1.93] and CVD mortality (aHR = 2.4). Similar results were observed for hs-cTnI, where the aHRs for all-cause mortality and CVD mortality were 2.03 and 2.97, respectively. Furthermore, we identified a nonlinear dose-response relationship between hs-cTn levels and the risk of mortality (P for nonlinearity < 0.001). Our findings suggest that hs-cTn can predict mortality risk in MASLD, aiding clinicians in risk-stratifying this population. Therefore, we recommend considering hs-cTn detection in individuals with MASLD to effectively assess their future mortality risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Hu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuteng Du
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yidan Zhou
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Huiying Wang
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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119
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Shang Y, Liu T, Wang W. The potential of lenvatinib in breast cancer therapy. Med Oncol 2024; 41:233. [PMID: 39172293 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-024-02477-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer, as a highly prevalent cancer among women, is one of the main causes of female mortality due to cancer. There is a need for more treatment options to improve the survival time of breast cancer patients. Metastasis to distant organs is a standard indicator of advanced breast cancer and a primary cause of breast cancer mortality, making the control of breast cancer metastasis crucial. Targeted therapy, with its advantages of precision, high effectiveness, and minimal side effects, has garnered significant attention as a hot research topic in breast cancer treatment. Among these therapies, anti-angiogenic therapy aim to inhibit tumor angiogenesis, control tumor growth, and reduce metastasis. Additionally, anti-angiogenic therapy can restructure the tumor vasculature, enhancing the effectiveness of other anti-cancer drugs. Lenvatinib, an orally available small molecule multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor, exerts its anti-tumor effects mainly by inhibiting tumor angiogenesis and tumor cell proliferation. It has been approved for the treatment of thyroid cancer, renal cell carcinoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Due to its multi-targeted nature, lenvatinib not only has direct anti-tumor effects but also possesses immunomodulatory activity, which can enhance the tumor immune response. This makes it a promising candidate for a broad range of cancers. Recent studies have explored the role of lenvatinib in breast cancer, including its various mechanisms of action and its use as a monotherapy or in combination to control breast cancer progression. This review will summarize the molecular mechanisms and research progress of lenvatinib in breast cancer treatment, discussing its potential applications and therapeutic prospects in managing breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuefeng Shang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
- Department of Breast Surgery, Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
- Department of Breast Surgery, Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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Janardhan HP, Wachter BT, Trivedi CM. Lymphatic System Development and Function. Curr Cardiol Rep 2024:10.1007/s11886-024-02120-8. [PMID: 39172295 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-024-02120-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review delves into recent advancements in understanding generalized and organ-specific lymphatic development. It emphasizes the distinct characteristics and critical anomalies that can impair lymphatic function. By exploring developmental mechanisms, the review seeks to illuminate the profound impact of lymphatic malformations on overall health and disease progression. RECENT FINDINGS The introduction of genome sequencing, single-cell transcriptomic analysis, and advanced imaging technologies has significantly enhanced our ability to identify and characterize developmental defects within the lymphatic system. As a result, a wide range of lymphatic anomalies have been uncovered, spanning from congenital abnormalities present at birth to conditions that can become life-threatening in adulthood. Additionally, recent research highlights the heterogeneity of lymphatics, revealing organ-specific developmental pathways, unique molecular markers, and specialized physiological functions specific to each organ. A deeper understanding of the unique characteristics of lymphatic cell populations in an organ-specific context is essential for guiding future research into lymphatic disease processes. An integrated approach to translational research could revolutionize personalized medicine, where treatments are precisely tailored to individual lymphatic profiles, enhancing effectiveness and minimizing side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harish P Janardhan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Department of Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Brianna T Wachter
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Department of Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- MD-PhD Program, Morningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Chinmay M Trivedi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
- Department of Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
- MD-PhD Program, Morningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Cancer Biology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
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121
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Pan Y, Yang Y, Wu J, Zhou H, Yang C. Efficacy of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on liver enzymes, lipid profiles, and inflammation in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BMC Gastroenterol 2024; 24:283. [PMID: 39174901 PMCID: PMC11342484 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-024-03356-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a contradiction in the use of microbiota-therapies, including probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics, to improve the condition of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The aim of this review was to evaluate the effect of microbiota-therapy on liver injury, inflammation, and lipid levels in individuals with NAFLD. METHODS Using Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were searched for articles on the use of prebiotic, probiotic, or synbiotic for the treatment of patients with NAFLD up to March 2024. RESULTS Thirty-four studies involving 12,682 individuals were included. Meta-analysis indicated that probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic supplementation significantly improved liver injury (hepatic fibrosis, SMD = -0.31; 95% CI: -0.53, -0.09; aspartate aminotransferase, SMD = -0.35; 95% CI: -0.55, -0.15; alanine aminotransferase, SMD = -0.48; 95% CI: -0.71, -0.25; alkaline phosphatase, SMD = -0.81; 95% CI: -1.55, -0.08), lipid profiles (triglycerides, SMD = -0.22; 95% CI: -0.43, -0.02), and inflammatory factors (high-density lipoprotein, SMD = -0.47; 95% CI: -0.88, -0.06; tumour necrosis factor alpha, SMD = -0.86 95% CI: -1.56, -0.56). CONCLUSION Overall, supplementation with probiotic, prebiotic, or synbiotic had a positive effect on reducing liver enzymes, lipid profiles, and inflammatory cytokines in patients with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youwen Pan
- Nephrology Department, Lai'an County People's Hospital, Chuzhou, 239000, China
| | - Yafang Yang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Avenue, Binhu District, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Jiale Wu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Avenue, Binhu District, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Haiteng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Avenue, Binhu District, Wuxi, 214000, China.
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Danpanichkul P, Suparan K, Sukphutanan B, Kaeosri C, Tothanarungroj P, Sirimangklanurak S, Kalligeros M, Polpichai N, Pang Y, Wijarnpreecha K, Sripongpun P, Chamroonkul N, Nguyen MH, Liangpunsakul S, Piratvisuth T, Kaewdech A. Changes in the epidemiological trends of primary liver cancer in the Asia-Pacific region. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19544. [PMID: 39174722 PMCID: PMC11341810 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-70526-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Primary liver cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality. The increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome and alcohol consumption, along with the existing burden of viral hepatitis, could significantly heighten the impact of primary liver cancer. However, the specific effects of these factors in the Asia-Pacific region, which comprises more than half of the global population, remain largely unexplored. This study aims to analyze the epidemiology of primary liver cancer in the Asia-Pacific region. We evaluated regional and national data from the Global Burden of Disease study spanning 2010 to 2019 to assess the age-standardized incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years associated with primary liver cancer in the Asia-Pacific region. During the study period, there were an estimated 364,700 new cases of primary liver cancer and 324,100 deaths, accounting for 68 and 67% of the global totals, respectively. Upward trends were observed in the age-standardized incidence rates of primary liver cancer due to metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MASLD) and alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) in the Asia-Pacific region, as well as an increase in primary liver cancer from Hepatitis B virus infection in the Western Pacific region. Notably, approximately 17% of new cases occurred in individuals aged 15-49 years. Despite an overall decline in the burden of primary liver cancer in the Asia-Pacific region over the past decade, increases in incidence were noted for several etiologies, including MASLD and ALD. However, viral hepatitis remains the leading cause, responsible for over 60% of the total burden. These findings underscore the urgent need for comprehensive strategies to address the rising burden of primary liver cancer in the Asia-Pacific region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pojsakorn Danpanichkul
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Kanokphong Suparan
- Immunology Unit, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | | | | | | | - Markos Kalligeros
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Natchaya Polpichai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Weiss Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yanfang Pang
- Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, China
- National Immunological Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Baise, Guangxi, China
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Karn Wijarnpreecha
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Banner University Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Pimsiri Sripongpun
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Division of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Naichaya Chamroonkul
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Division of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Mindie H Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Suthat Liangpunsakul
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Teerha Piratvisuth
- NKC Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Songklanagarind Hospital, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Apichat Kaewdech
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Division of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand.
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Zhang X, Wang L, Wang G, Li J, Mu Y, Wang S, Li X. Association Between Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in the Middle-Age and Elderly Population of Northern China: A Cross-Sectional Study. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2024; 17:3079-3085. [PMID: 39184552 PMCID: PMC11345005 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s474912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a major global health burden, which increases the risk of extra-hepatic complications such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome (MetS), and cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, NAFLD remains underappreciated and underdiagnosed. Our study aimed to explore the prevalence of NAFLD and the association between NAFLD and CVD events among adults aged 40 and older in Northern China. Methods This study was conducted in the Shijingshan district of Beijing, China from November 2011 to August 2012. A total of 18891 subjects were recruited in the study. The information including demographical information, lifestyle, previous history of diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, CVD, and liver disease were gathered. Data on physical examination, blood lipid profile, fasting blood glucose, and 2-hour blood glucose were recorded. Determination of MetS was according to T2DM guideline of Chinese Diabetes Society (2020 edition). The association between CVD and NAFLD was evaluated by multivariate logistic regression. Results The prevalence of NAFLD was 15.2%. After adjustment for age, smoking status, alcohol intake, WC, hypertension, dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia, the odds ratios (ORs) of CVD in men were 1.622 (95%CI: 1.345-1.957) and 1.990 (95%CI: 1.709-2.316) in women with NAFLD, compared with the subjects without NAFLD. Conclusions NAFLD is independently associated with increased risk of CVD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuebing Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Dongzhimen Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing100700, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lianjie Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Dongzhimen Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing100700, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ge Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Dongzhimen Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing100700, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiayue Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Dongzhimen Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing100700, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiming Mu
- Department of Endocrinology, First Medical Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing100853, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shidong Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Dongzhimen Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing100700, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoran Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Dongzhimen Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing100700, People’s Republic of China
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Biolato M, Pompili M. Dexamethasone and N-acetylcysteine before transarterial chemoembolization in hepatocellular carcinoma: A Western perspective. World J Gastroenterol 2024; 30:3635-3639. [PMID: 39193004 PMCID: PMC11346156 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i31.3635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Post-embolization syndrome (PES) is the most common complication in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated with transarterial chemoembolization. Many strategies have been evaluated to reduce the incidence of PES, but no standard prevention guidelines currently exist. In a single-center, placebo-controlled trial, Simasingha et al evaluated the prophylactic administration of a combination of dexamethasone and N-acetylcysteine and documented a significant reduction in the incidence of PES (from 80% to 6%), of post-procedural liver decompensation (from 14% to 0%), and a shorter hospital stay (4 days vs 6 days), alongside an acceptable safety profile. The results of this study raise several controversial points regarding their applicability in the Western world. In the West, there is a greater and increasing prevalence of metabolic and alcoholic etiologies of liver cirrhosis, so a not negligible number of patients with type II diabetes or hypertension would be excluded from high-dosage dexamethasone prophylaxis. Furthermore, in the West, there is a preferred use of drug-eluting beads loaded with doxorubicin, which are associated with a lower incidence of PES. A study on prophylaxis with dexamethasone and/or N-acetylcysteine in a Western population is hopefully awaited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Biolato
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, CEMAD Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome 00168, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome 00168, Lazio, Italy
| | - Maurizio Pompili
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, CEMAD Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome 00168, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome 00168, Lazio, Italy
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125
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Lee Y, Lee W. Shift work and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in young, healthy workers. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19367. [PMID: 39169172 PMCID: PMC11339435 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-70538-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a relatively common disease, and preventing its occurrence is important for both individual health and reducing social costs. Shift work is reported to have several negative effects on health. An association has been observed between NAFLD and both sleep time and quality; however, this association remains unclear in night shift workers. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between shift work and the incidence of NAFLD. Overall, 45,149 Korean workers without NAFLD were included at baseline. NAFLD was defined as the presence of a fatty liver observed on ultrasonography without excessive alcohol use. incidence rate ratios for incident NAFLD were estimated using negative binomial regression according to age groups (20s, 30s, 40s, and 50s). In the 20s age group, shift work showed a significant incidence rate ratio (IRR) for NAFLD in all models. After adjusting for all variables, the IRR (95% confidence interval) was 1.24 (1.08-1.43) in the 20s age group. In their 20s, a significant association between shift work and incident NAFLD was consistently observed among women and workers with poor sleep quality. In this large-scale cohort study, shift work was significantly associated with the development of NAFLD among young workers in their 20s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yesung Lee
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Medical Support Division, Pyeongchang County Public Health Clinic, Pyeongchang, Gangwon-do, South Korea
| | - Woncheol Lee
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, 29 Saemunan-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03181, South Korea.
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Wang S, Song R, Xu Z, Chen M, Di Tanna GL, Downey L, Jan S, Si L. The costs, health and economic impact of air pollution control strategies: a systematic review. Glob Health Res Policy 2024; 9:30. [PMID: 39164785 PMCID: PMC11337783 DOI: 10.1186/s41256-024-00373-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollution poses a significant threat to global public health. While broad mitigation policies exist, an understanding of the economic consequences, both in terms of health benefits and mitigation costs, remains lacking. This study systematically reviewed the existing economic implications of air pollution control strategies worldwide. METHODS A predefined search strategy, without limitations on region or study design, was employed to search the PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, and CEA registry databases for studies from their inception to November 2023 using keywords such as "cost-benefit analyses", "air pollution", and "particulate matter". Focus was placed on studies that specifically considered the health benefits of air pollution control strategies. The evidence was summarized by pollution control strategy and reported using principle economic evaluation measurements such as net benefits and benefit-cost ratios. RESULTS The search yielded 104 studies that met the inclusion criteria. A total of 75, 21, and 8 studies assessed the costs and benefits of outdoor, indoor, and mixed control strategies, respectively, of which 54, 15, and 3 reported that the benefits of the control strategy exceeded the mitigation costs. Source reduction (n = 42) and end-of-pipe treatments (n = 15) were the most commonly employed pollution control methodologies. The association between particulate matter (PM) and mortality was the most widely assessed exposure-effect relationship and had the largest health gains (n = 42). A total of 32 studies employed a broader benefits framework, examining the impacts of air pollution control strategies on the environment, ecology, and society. Of these, 31 studies reported partially or entirely positive economic evidence. However, despite overwhelming evidence in support of these strategies, the studies also highlighted some policy flaws concerning equity, optimization, and uncertainty characterization. CONCLUSIONS Nearly 70% of the reviewed studies reported that the economic benefits of implementing air pollution control strategies outweighed the relative costs. This was primarily due to the improved mortality and morbidity rates associated with lowering PM levels. In addition to health benefits, air pollution control strategies were also associated with other environmental and social benefits, strengthening the economic case for implementation. However, future air pollution control strategy designs will need to address some of the existing policy limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Wang
- The George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rong Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhiwei Xu
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Mingsheng Chen
- School of Health Policy and Management, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
- Jiangsu Health Vocational College, Nanjing, China.
| | - Gian Luca Di Tanna
- Department of Business Economics, Health and Social Care, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Laura Downey
- The George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephen Jan
- The George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lei Si
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
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Qin D, Han C, Gao Y, Li H, Zhu L. Lactucin reverses liver fibrosis by inhibiting TGF-β1/STAT3 signaling pathway and regulating short-chain fatty acids metabolism. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19323. [PMID: 39164375 PMCID: PMC11336071 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-70253-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
TGF-β1 activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), transcriptional activator 3 (Stat3) activation and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), metabolite of intestinal bacteria, is closely associated with hepatic fibrosis. Previous studies have shown that Lactucin has significant anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects; however, the mechanism of Lactucin's role in liver fibrosis associated with SCFAs remains unknown. This study was intended to investigate whether effect of Lactucin on liver fibrosis was mediated by TGF-β1/Stat3 and SCFAs. We found that Lactucin induced apoptosis in HSC-T6 cells, and inhibition of nuclear translocation of Stat3 and p-Stat3. And Smad3 and TGF-β1 protein expression was significantly inhibited, while TLR4 and Smad7 protein expression was significantly enhanced. For in vivo experiments, we demonstrated that Lactucin alleviated liver fibrosis in mice, as evidenced by a reduction in inflammatory factors, collagen deposition, liver injury and fibrosis-related factors expression, especially the expression of Smad3 and TGF-β1 proteins was significantly suppressed and Smad7 protein expression was significantly increased in the liver. In addition, the levels of acetic acid, butyric acid and valeric acid in the intestine of Lactucin-treated mice were significantly higher than those in the intestine of liver fibrosis mice. In conclusion, based on the results of in vivo and in vitro experiments, preventive mechanism of Lactucin against liver fibrosis in mice may be to improve the enterohepatic circulation by regulating the metabolites of intestinal microorganisms, acetic acid and butyric acid, and to further regulate the Stat3 and TGF-β1 signaling pathway through the "gut-liver axis" to combat liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Qin
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, No. 59, North Second Road, Shihezi, 832002, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chang Han
- Department of Pharmacy, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuefeng Gao
- College of Applied Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Sanmenxia, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Li
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, No. 59, North Second Road, Shihezi, 832002, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, No. 59, North Second Road, Shihezi, 832002, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
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Carciero L, Di Giuseppe G, Di Piazza E, Parand E, Soldovieri L, Ciccarelli G, Brunetti M, Gasbarrini A, Nista EC, Pani G, Pontecorvi A, Giaccari A, Mezza T. The interplay of extracellular vesicles in the pathogenesis of metabolic impairment and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2024:111837. [PMID: 39173679 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2024.111837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D) involves dysfunction in multiple organs, including the liver, muscle, adipose tissue, and pancreas, leading to insulin resistance and β cell failure. Recent studies highlight the significant role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in mediating inter-organ communication in T2D. This review investigates the role of EVs, focusing on their presence and biological significance in human plasma and tissues affected by T2D. We explore specific EV cargo, such as miRNAs and proteins, which affect insulin signaling and glucose metabolism, emphasizing their potential as biomarkers. By highlighting the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of EVs, we aim to provide new insights into their role in early detection, disease monitoring, and innovative treatment strategies for T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Carciero
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Di Giuseppe
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Di Piazza
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Erfan Parand
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Soldovieri
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Gea Ciccarelli
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Brunetti
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Pancreas Unit, CEMAD Digestive Diseases Center, Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico C Nista
- Pancreas Unit, CEMAD Digestive Diseases Center, Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovambattista Pani
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alfredo Pontecorvi
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Giaccari
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Teresa Mezza
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Pancreas Unit, CEMAD Digestive Diseases Center, Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
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Rattanasupar A, Prateepchaiboon T, Akarapatima K, Songjamrat A, Pakdeejit S, Chang A. Impact of pre-sarcopenia on outcomes of transarterial chemoembolization in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19249. [PMID: 39164379 PMCID: PMC11336115 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-70266-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia's impact on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) outcomes is well-documented, but the effects of pre-sarcopenia remain unclear. This study investigates the impact of pre-sarcopenia on tumor response and survival in patients with unresectable HCC undergoing transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). We retrospectively evaluated muscle volume using the SliceOmatic software in patients with unresectable HCC treated with TACE. Pre-sarcopenia was defined by Japan Society of Hepatology standards (men: 42 cm2/m2; women: 38 cm2/m2). Pre-sarcopenia and non-pre-sarcopenia groups were compared, and Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify survival-influencing variables. Subgroup analysis was conducted stratified by the tumor burden, using serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels at a diagnostic cutoff value of 200 ng/mL. Of the 100 patients, 39 had pre-sarcopenia. The presence of pre-sarcopenia was not associated with tumor complete response achievement. The median overall survival (OS) was significantly lower in the pre-sarcopenia group (18 months) than in the non-pre-sarcopenia group (30 months; log-rank P = 0.039). Subgroup analysis among 77 patients with AFP < 200 ng/mL revealed that OS was particularly poor in the pre-sarcopenia group (16 vs. 34 months; log-rank P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis identified increased AFP (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] per 10-unit increase 1.142; P < 0.001), higher Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score (adjusted HR per 1-unit increase 1.176; P < 0.001), and pre-sarcopenia (adjusted HR 2.965; P < 0.001) as predictors of shorter OS. Pre-sarcopenia is a significant predictor of increased mortality in patients with unresectable HCC undergoing TACE, especially in those with AFP < 200 ng/mL, suggesting its potential as a target for early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attapon Rattanasupar
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hatyai Hospital, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Tanaporn Prateepchaiboon
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hatyai Hospital, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Keerati Akarapatima
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hatyai Hospital, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Apiradee Songjamrat
- Division of Intervention Radiology, Department of Radiology, Hatyai Hospital, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Songklod Pakdeejit
- Division of Intervention Radiology, Department of Radiology, Hatyai Hospital, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Arunchai Chang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hatyai Hospital, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand.
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Gupta N, Verma N, Patel B. Efficacy and Safety of Metronomic Capecitabine in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Gastrointest Cancer 2024:10.1007/s12029-024-01103-w. [PMID: 39160369 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-024-01103-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Metronomic capecitabine has been found to be useful in several types of cancers such as pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, gastrointestinal cancers, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and metastatic colorectal cancer. This unique systematic literature review and meta-analysis was undertaken to assess the effectiveness and safety of metronomic capecitabine as a treatment regimen for hepatocellular carcinoma. METHOD A systematic search of major databases was performed. Eight studies that dealt with the use of metronomic capecitabine for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were selected, seven were non-randomized control trials (n-RCTs), and one was a randomized control trial (RCT). Meta-analysis of these studies was performed using Review Manager v5.3 and STATA 15.1 software. The pooled prevalence of overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), overall response rate (ORR), grade 1-2 adverse events (grade 1-2 AEs), grade 3-4 adverse events (grade 3-4 AEs) was determined, including publication bias and sensitivity analysis. RESULT Eight studies met the inclusion criteria, combining the pooled data of 476 patients from safety and efficacy studies. The pooled prevalence of disease control rate (DCR) and overall response rate (ORR) achieved with metronomic capecitabine was 36% (95% CI 32-41) and 7% (95% CI 5-9) respectively. The median progression-free survival (PFS) and median overall survival (OS) were 3.57 months (95% CI 3.29-3.85) and 11.75 months (95% CI 10.56-12.95) respectively. The incidence of grade 3-4 adverse events (grade 3-4 AEs) and grade 1-2 adverse events (grade 1-2 AEs) was 38% (95% CI 32-44) and 73% (95% CI 67-79) respectively. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis highlights metronomic capecitabine as a potential treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the advanced stage. However, effective management of capecitabine's side effects is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandini Gupta
- School of Medico-Legal Studies, National Forensic Sciences University, Sector 9, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382007, India
| | - Neelkant Verma
- School of Forensic Science, National Forensic Sciences University, Sector 9, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382007, India
| | - Bhoomika Patel
- School of Medico-Legal Studies, National Forensic Sciences University, Sector 9, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382007, India.
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131
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Everson CA, Szabo A, Plyer C, Hammeke TA, Stemper BD, Budde MD. Subclinical brain manifestations of repeated mild traumatic brain injury are changed by chronic exposure to sleep loss, caffeine, and sleep aids. Exp Neurol 2024; 381:114928. [PMID: 39168169 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION After mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), the brain is labile for weeks and months and vulnerable to repeated concussions. During this time, patients are exposed to everyday circumstances that, in themselves, affect brain metabolism and blood flow and neural processing. How commonplace activities interact with the injured brain is unknown. The present study in an animal model investigated the extent to which three commonly experienced exposures-daily caffeine usage, chronic sleep loss, and chronic sleep aid medication-affect the injured brain in the chronic phase. METHODS Subclinical trauma by repeated mTBIs was produced by our head rotational acceleration injury model, which causes brain injury consistent with the mechanism of concussion in humans. Forty-eight hours after a third mTBI, chronic administrations of caffeine, sleep restriction, or zolpidem (sedative hypnotic) began and were continued for 70 days. On Days 30 and 60 post injury, resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) were performed. RESULTS Chronic caffeine, sleep restriction, and zolpidem each changed the subclinical brain characteristics of mTBI at both 30 and 60 days post injury, detected by different MRI modalities. Each treatment caused microstructural alterations in DTI metrics in the insular cortex and retrosplenial cortex compared with mTBI, but also uniquely affected other gray and white matter regions. Zolpidem administration affected the largest number of individual structures in mTBI at both 30 and 60 days, and not necessarily toward normalization (sham treatment). Chronic sleep restriction changed local functional connectivity at 30 days in diametrical opposition to chronic caffeine ingestion, and both treatment outcomes were different from sham, mTBI-only and zolpidem comparisons. The results indicate that commonly encountered exposures modify subclinical brain activity and structure long after healing is expected to be complete. CONCLUSIONS Changes in activity and structure detected by fMRI are widely understood to reflect changes in the functions of the affected region which conceivably underlie mTBI neuropathology and symptomatology in the chronic phase after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol A Everson
- Department of Medicine (Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine) and Cell Biology, Neurobiology & Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
| | - Aniko Szabo
- Division of Biostatistics, Institute for Health & Equity, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA,.
| | - Cade Plyer
- Neurology Residency Program, Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa, USA.
| | - Thomas A Hammeke
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Brian D Stemper
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Neuroscience Research, Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
| | - Matthew D Budde
- Neuroscience Research, Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
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132
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van der Meer F, Jorgensen J, Hiligsmann M. Burden of non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease: cost-of-illness and quality-of-life estimates through a scoping review. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res 2024:1-11. [PMID: 39138993 DOI: 10.1080/14737167.2024.2390042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a progressive, chronic neurodegenerative disease, representing significant economic and social burdens. It is typically defined by motor symptoms (MSs), however, this does not reflect the full patient burden. Non-motor symptoms (NMSs) are increasingly recognized as central characteristics of PD. However, they still lack recognition in research. Therefore, this study aims to identify relevant NMSs, their prevalence, and the effect they have on Quality-of-Life (QoL) and Cost-of-Illness (COI). Secondly, it aims to identify gaps in the current body of knowledge and propose possible ways future research could bridge those gaps. METHODS The study employed a scoping review, identifying 60 records for inclusion, using PubMed and Web of Science. It included studies from Spain or Italy, including data on People with Parkinson's Disease. A comparative analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel. RESULTS It showed that the body of evidence relevant to NMSs, their prevalence, QoL, and COI is limited, or that estimates vary to an extent where interpretation is difficult. CONCLUSION Most studies suffer from generalization, representation, and standardization issues, stemming from their designs and methodological decisions. Although the findings of this study should be interpreted with caution, several recommendations are made for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank van der Meer
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Mickael Hiligsmann
- Department of Health Services Research, CAPHRI, Care & Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Yu MW, Wu WJ, Lin CL, Liu CJ, Peng WY, Huang PY, Huang YW, Hu JT, Chang HC, Liou JM. Trajectories of hepatic steatosis and incidence of cardiovascular disease over a 29-year follow-up. Hepatol Res 2024. [PMID: 39158502 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.14101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
AIM To examine the dynamic change in hepatic steatosis status during repeated assessments over time, and its potential impact on the risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). METHODS We assessed trajectories of hepatic steatosis and other metabolic disorders in 3134 middle-aged adults undergoing longitudinal assessment of ultrasonography during a pre-baseline period (1993-2009) in a population-based cohort study of liver health. Subsequently, we determined the association of hepatic steatosis trajectories with the incidence of CVD among 2185 CVD-free individuals, followed until 2021. Metabolic risk factors and cardiovascular events (including coronary heart disease and stroke) were determined through medical examination and linkage with nationwide health databases. RESULTS We identified three discrete trajectories of hepatic steatosis according to changing pattern over time through group-based trajectory modeling: "stable, non-steatosis" (n = 1298), "intermittent" (n = 921), and "persistent steatosis" (n = 915). During the pre-baseline period, hepatic steatosis trajectories were associated with trajectories of developing diabetes and hypertension, and persistent steatosis (vs. other trajectories) was associated with higher risks and rapidly progressive disease patterns. At a median 13.6 years of follow-up, 629 CVD events occurred. A persistent (vs. non-steatosis: HR 1.44, 95% CI 1.17-1.76), but not intermittent, steatosis pattern predicted the future risk of CVD, after adjustment for age, sex, smoking, and obesity. This association was independent of genetic background, and remained after accounting for pre-baseline body-mass index, other cardiometabolic risk factors, Framingham risk score, medications, and hepatic fibrosis score. CONCLUSIONS The persistence of hepatic steatosis is associated with trajectories of metabolic disorder development and increased risk of CVD. These data have important implications for practice and further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Whei Yu
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Jung Wu
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Lin Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ren-Ai Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jen Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ya Peng
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Yu Huang
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Huang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Ting Hu
- Liver Center, Cathay General Hospital Medical Center, School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chuen Chang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Ming Liou
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Katsumi T, Sato H, Murakami R, Hanatani T, Uchiyama F, Suzuki F, Maki K, Hoshikawa K, Haga H, Saito T, Ueno Y. Identification of microbial antigens in liver tissues involved in the pathogenesis of primary biliary cholangitis using 16S rRNA metagenome analysis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0308912. [PMID: 39159233 PMCID: PMC11332946 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0308912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple factors are involved in the pathogenesis of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), a chronic cholestatic liver disease, characterized by intrahepatic cholangiopathy. In particular, studies have suggested that environmental factors such as the presence of granulomas in the portal vein region are important for the development of PBC. This study aimed to comprehensively analyze and identify foreign-derived antigens in PBC liver tissue to confirm their involvement in PBC pathogenesis. METHODS Portal areas and hepatocyte regions were selectively dissected from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded PBC liver tissue samples using the microlaser method, followed by total DNA extraction. We then validated whether the bacterial strains identified through 16S rRNA metagenomic analysis were detected in PBC liver tissues. RESULTS The most frequently detected bacterial genera in the PBC liver tissue samples were Sphingomonas panacis, Providencia, and Cutibacterium. These bacterial genera were also detected in the other PBC samples. Validation for the detection of S. panacis, the most abundant genus, revealed polymerase chain reaction bands extracted from the portal areas of all samples. They were also more highly expressed than bands detected in the hepatocyte region. CONCLUSION S. panacis antigen was specifically detected in the portal areas of PBC liver tissues. The introduction of foreign-derived antigens into the liver as an environmental factor could be a possible mechanism for the development of PBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Katsumi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Hidenori Sato
- Genomic Information Analysis Unit, Department of Genomic Cohort Research, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Ryoko Murakami
- Genomic Information Analysis Unit, Department of Genomic Cohort Research, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Takumi Hanatani
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Fumi Uchiyama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Fumiya Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Keita Maki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Kyoko Hoshikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Haga
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Takafumi Saito
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Ueno
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
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He S, Lu S, Yu C, Kuang M, Qiu J, Sheng G, Zou Y. The newly proposed plasma-glycosylated hemoglobin A1c/High-Density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio serves as a simple and practical indicator for screening metabolic associated fatty liver disease: an observational study based on a physical examination population. BMC Gastroenterol 2024; 24:274. [PMID: 39160462 PMCID: PMC11331873 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-024-03362-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycotoxicity and lipotoxicity are key pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the development of metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). The primary objective of this study is to investigate the association between the newly proposed Plasma-Glycosylated Hemoglobin A1c/High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio (HbA1c/HDL-C ratio) and the risk of MAFLD. METHODS A study population of 14,251 individuals undergoing health examinations was included. The association between the HbA1c/HDL-C ratio and MAFLD was analyzed using multivariable logistic regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis. Exploratory analyses were conducted to assess variations in this association across subgroups stratified by gender, age, body mass index (BMI), exercise habits, drinking status, and smoking status. The discriminatory value of the HbA1c/HDL-C ratio and its components for screening MAFLD was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. RESULTS A total of 1,982 (13.91%) subjects were diagnosed with MAFLD. After adjusting for confounding factors, we found a significant positive association between the HbA1c/HDL-C ratio and MAFLD [odds ratio (OR) 1.34, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.25, 1.44]. No significant differences in this association were observed across all subgroups (All P for interaction > 0.05). Furthermore, through RCS analysis, we observed a nonlinear positive correlation between the HbA1c/HDL-C ratio and MAFLD (P for non-linearity < 0.001), with a potential threshold effect point (approximately 3 for the HbA1c/HDL-C ratio). Beyond this threshold point, the slope of the MAFLD prevalence curve increased rapidly. Additionally, in further ROC analysis, we found that for the identification of MAFLD, the HbA1c/HDL-C ratio was significantly superior to HbA1c and HDL-C, with an area under the curve (AUC) and optimal threshold of 0.81 and 4.08, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the newly proposed HbA1c/HDL-C ratio serves as a simple and practical indicator for assessing MAFLD, exhibiting well-discriminatory performance in screening for MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiming He
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Jiangxi Cardiovascular Research Institute, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Geriatric Hospital, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Song Lu
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Changhui Yu
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Jiangxi Cardiovascular Research Institute, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Geriatric Hospital, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Maobin Kuang
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Jiangxi Cardiovascular Research Institute, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Geriatric Hospital, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jiajun Qiu
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Jiangxi Cardiovascular Research Institute, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Geriatric Hospital, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Guotai Sheng
- Jiangxi Provincial Geriatric Hospital, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China.
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - Yang Zou
- Jiangxi Cardiovascular Research Institute, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China.
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Tang J, Tang T, Yu Q, Tong X, Liu C, Chen C, Hu S, Zhang S, You Y, Wang C, Li J, Wen W, Chen J, Zhang X, Wang M, Tong F. Association Between Remnant Cholesterol and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2024. [PMID: 39158352 DOI: 10.1089/met.2024.0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipid disorders are related to the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Remnant cholesterol (RC), a nonclassical and once-neglected risk factor for NAFLD, has recently received new attention. In this study, we assessed the relationship between the RC levels and NAFLD risk. We searched across PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure, with no restrictions on publication languages. Retrospective cohort studies and cross-sectional studies were enrolled from the inception of the databases until August 6, 2023. A random-effect model was applied to construct the mean difference, and a 95% confidence interval was applied to assess the relationship between the RC levels and NAFLD risk. We used two methods to estimate RC levels: Calculated-1 subtracts low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol from total cholesterol; Calculated-2 uses the Friedewald formula for LDL-C when triglycerides are <4.0 mmol/L, otherwise directly measured. A total of 265 published studies were selected through preliminary retrieval. Of these, six studies met the inclusion requirements and were enrolled in the meta-analysis. The RC level in the NAFLD group was significantly higher than that in the non-NAFLD group (mean difference: 0.18, 95% confidence interval: 0.10-0.26, P < 0.00001). We conducted subgroup analyses of computational methods and geographic regions. Notably, in the subgroup analysis of Calculation Method 2, the NAFLD group had significantly higher RC levels than the non-NAFLD group. On the other hand, in Calculation Method 1, the difference between the two groups was insignificant. In both the Asian and non-Asian populations, the RC levels were significantly higher in the NAFLD group than in the non-NAFLD group. The association of RC with an increased NAFLD risk was not dependent on the triglyceride. This meta-analysis suggests that elevated RC levels are associated with an increased risk of NAFLD. In addition to the conventional risk factors for fatty liver, clinicians should be concerned about the RC levels in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiake Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingwen Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuhan Tong
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chun Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Siqi Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shenghui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yao You
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunyi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen Wen
- Department of Cardiology, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of Huzhou University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xingwei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingwei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Hangzhou Lin'an Fourth People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fan Tong
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
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137
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Kwak H, Lee E, Karki R. DNA sensors in metabolic and cardiovascular diseases: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic prospects. Immunol Rev 2024. [PMID: 39158380 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
DNA sensors generally initiate innate immune responses through the production of type I interferons. While extensively studied for host defense against invading pathogens, emerging evidence highlights the involvement of DNA sensors in metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Elevated levels of modified, damaged, or ectopically localized self-DNA and non-self-DNA have been observed in patients and animal models with obesity, diabetes, fatty liver disease, and cardiovascular disease. The accumulation of cytosolic DNA aberrantly activates DNA signaling pathways, driving the pathological progression of these disorders. This review highlights the roles of specific DNA sensors, such as cyclic AMP-GMP synthase and stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING), absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2), toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), interferon gamma-inducible protein 16 (IFI16), DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), and DEAD-box helicase 41 (DDX41) in various metabolic disorders. We explore how DNA signaling pathways in both immune and non-immune cells contribute to the development of these diseases. Furthermore, we discuss the intricate interplay between metabolic stress and immune responses, offering insights into potential therapeutic targets for managing metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. Understanding the mechanisms of DNA sensor signaling in these contexts provides a foundation for developing novel interventions aimed at mitigating the impact of these pervasive health issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyosang Kwak
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ein Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Rajendra Karki
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Nexus Institute of Research and Innovation (NIRI), Kathmandu, Nepal
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138
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Magyar CTJ, Li Z, Aceituno L, Claasen MPAW, Ivanics T, Choi WJ, Rajendran L, Sayed BA, Bucur R, Rukavina N, Selzner N, Ghanekar A, Cattral M, Sapisochin G. Temporal evolution of living donor liver transplantation survival - A UNOS registry study. Am J Transplant 2024:S1600-6135(24)00497-0. [PMID: 39163907 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajt.2024.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
Living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) is a curative treatment for various liver diseases, reducing waitlist times and associated mortality. We aimed to assess the overall survival (OS), identify predictors for mortality, and analyze differences in risk factors over time. Adult patients undergoing LDLT were selected from the United Network for Organ Sharing database from inception (1987) to 2023. The Kaplan-Meier method was used for analysis, and multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were conducted. 7,257 LDLT recipients with a median age of 54years (IQR:45,61), 54% male, 80% non-Hispanic White, BMI 26.3kg/m2 (IQR:23.2,30.0), and MELD 15 (IQR:11,19) were included. The median cold ischemic time was 1.6hours (IQR:1.0,2.3) with 88% right-lobe-grafts. The follow-up was 4.0years (IQR:1.0,9.2). The contemporary reached median overall survival was 17.0years (95%CI:16.1,18.1) with OS estimates: 1-year 95%, 3-years 89%, 5-years OS 84%, 10-years 72%, 15-years 56% and 20-years 43%. Nine independent factors associated with mortality were identified, with an independent improved OS in the recent time era (aHR 0.53; 95%CI:0.39,0.71). The median center-caseload per year was 5 (IQR:2,10) with observed center-specific improvement of OS. LDLT is a safe procedure with excellent OS. Its efficacy has improved despite an increase of risk parameters, suggesting its limits are yet to be met.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian T J Magyar
- HBP & Multi-Organ Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Zhihao Li
- HBP & Multi-Organ Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Laia Aceituno
- HBP & Multi-Organ Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Marco P A W Claasen
- HBP & Multi-Organ Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; Department of Surgery, division of HPB & Transplant Surgery, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Tommy Ivanics
- HBP & Multi-Organ Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; Department of Surgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America; Department of Surgical Sciences, Akademiska Sjukhuset, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Woo Jin Choi
- HBP & Multi-Organ Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Luckshi Rajendran
- HBP & Multi-Organ Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Blayne A Sayed
- HBP & Multi-Organ Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Roxana Bucur
- HBP & Multi-Organ Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Nadia Rukavina
- HBP & Multi-Organ Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Nazia Selzner
- HBP & Multi-Organ Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Anand Ghanekar
- HBP & Multi-Organ Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Mark Cattral
- HBP & Multi-Organ Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Gonzalo Sapisochin
- HBP & Multi-Organ Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.
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139
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Rose S, Singh S, Premkumar M. Bone mineral density, sarcopenia and long-term survival in patients with cirrhosis. Indian J Gastroenterol 2024:10.1007/s12664-024-01676-1. [PMID: 39153122 DOI: 10.1007/s12664-024-01676-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Sweta Rose
- Department of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160 012, India
| | - Surender Singh
- Department of Hepatology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226 014, India
| | - Madhumita Premkumar
- Department of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160 012, India.
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140
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Xu L, Yang J, Cao X, Chen J, Liu Z, Cai L, Yu Y, Huang H. Sequential system based on ferritin delivery system and cell therapy for modulating the pathological microenvironment and promoting recovery. Int J Pharm 2024; 664:124607. [PMID: 39159856 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 08/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
The vicious crosstalk among capillarization of hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs), activation of hepatic stellate cells (aHSCs), and hepatocyte damage poses a significant impediment to the successful treatment of liver fibrosis. In this study, we propose a sequential combination therapy aimed at disrupting the malignant crosstalk and reshaping the benign microenvironment while repairing damaged hepatocytes to achieve effective treatment of liver fibrosis. Firstly, H-subunit apoferrin (Ferritin) was adopted to load platycodonin D (PLD) and MnO2, forming ferritin@MnO2/PLD (FMP) nanoparticles, which exploited the high affinity of ferritin for the highly expressed transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) to achieve the precise targeted delivery of FMP in the liver. Upon PLD intervention, restoration of the fenestration pores in capillarized LSECs was facilitated by modulating the phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) and Kruppel Like Factor 2 (KLF2) signaling pathways both in vitro and in vivo, enabling efficient entry of FMP into the Disse space. Subsequently, FMP NPs effectively inhibited HSC activation by modulating the TLR2/TLR4/NF-κB-p65 signaling pathway. Moreover, FMP NPs efficiently scavenged reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitigated the expression of inflammatory mediators, thereby reshaping the microenvironment to support hepatocyte repair. Finally, administration of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) was employed to promote the regeneration and functional recovery of damaged hepatocytes. In conclusion, the combined sequential therapy involving FMP and BMMSCs effectively attenuated liver fibrosis induced by CCl4 administration, resulting in significant amelioration of the fibrotic condition. The therapeutic strategy outlined in this study underscores the significance of disrupting the deleterious cellular interactions and remodeling the microenvironment, thereby presenting a promising avenue for clinical intervention in liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixing Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China; Department of Pharmacy, Haimen People's Hospital, Nantong 226100, China
| | - Xinyu Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Jiayi Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Zhikuan Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Liangliang Cai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China; Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Pharmacy School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
| | - Yanyan Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
| | - Haiqin Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
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141
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Gad AI, Ibrahim NF, Almadani N, Mahfouz R, Nofal HA, El-Rafey DS, Ali HT, El-Hawary AT, Sadek AMEM. Therapeutic Effects of Semaglutide on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity: An Open-Label Controlled Trial. Diseases 2024; 12:186. [PMID: 39195185 DOI: 10.3390/diseases12080186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 08/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) have been shown to improve glycemic control and insulin sensitivity and reduce body weight in obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). This trial sought to evaluate the therapeutic effect of oral and subcutaneous semaglutide in NAFLD and its sequelae in obesity and/or T2D. METHODS In an open-labelled intervention study, the sample was 180 patients classified into three parallel groups (1:1:1): group I received oral semaglutide, group II patients received injectable semaglutide, and group III received pioglitazone and/or vitamin E. Patients were evaluated at 6 and 12 months. RESULTS There was a substantial improvement in lipid profile, liver enzymes, and body mass index, especially in group II. As for HDL, only group II showed a consistent increase at both 6 months (51 ± 4.62 mg/dL) and 12 months (50.08 ± 2.45 mg/dL) compared with baseline (45.6 ± 6.37 mg/dL) (p-value < 0.001). Despite the non-significant difference in NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS) (p-value = 0.45 and 0.63), group II had significantly lower scores of the fibrosis-4 score (FIB-4), liver stiffness measurement (LSM), and controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) at 6 and 12 months (p-value < 0.001). Conclusions: Semaglutide improves lipid profile, liver steatosis, and fibrosis parameters and reduces the BMI in T2D and obese patients with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed I Gad
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Nevin F Ibrahim
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Noura Almadani
- Community and Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing Department, College of Nursing, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasha Mahfouz
- Community and Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing Department, College of Nursing, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanaa A Nofal
- Community, Environmental Occupational Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Dina S El-Rafey
- Community, Environmental Occupational Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | | | - Amr T El-Hawary
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Ayman M E M Sadek
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
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142
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Lam LK, Tan JT, Ooi PH, Zhang R, Chan KH, Mao X, Hung IFN, Seto WK, Yuen MF, Cheung KS. Effect of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease on BNT162b2 immunogenicity against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 omicron variant. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024. [PMID: 39152762 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.16716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM We aimed to investigate the effect of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) on three-dose BNT162b2 immunogenicity to the omicron variant. METHODS Adult recipients of three doses of BNT162b2 were prospectively recruited between May and December 2021. The serology of the neutralizing antibody by live virus microneutralization (vMN) to the omicron variant was measured at baseline, day 180, and day 360 after the first dose. The primary outcome was seroconversion (vMN titer ≥ 10) at day 360. Exposure of interest was MASLD, defined as hepatic steatosis (controlled attenuation parameter ≥ 248 dB/m on transient elastography) plus at least one of five cardiometabolic risk factors. Subjects with prior COVID-19 were excluded. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to derive the adjusted odds ratio of seroconversion with MASLD by adjusting for age, sex, antibiotic use, and proton pump inhibitor use. RESULTS One hundred forty-eight BNT162b2 recipients (male: 48 [32.4%]; median age: 51.0 years [interquartile range, IQR: 44.5-57.3]) were recruited. The median time from the first dose to the third dose was 8.5 months (IQR: 7.9-8.9). MASLD subjects had a lower seroconversion rate than non-MASLD ones (89.6% vs 99.0%; P = 0.007). MASLD was the only independent risk factor for seroconversion (adjusted odds ratio: 0.051, 95% confidence interval: 0.002-0.440). Subgroup analysis of immunogenicity at 4 months after the third dose shows significantly lower vMN titer (13.06 [IQR: 7.69-22.20] vs 33.49 [IQR: 24.05-46.53]; P = 0.004) and seroconversion rate (76.9% vs 97.4%; P = 0.016) in MASLD than non-MASLD subjects, but not within 4 months from the third dose (vMN titer: 46.87 [IQR: 33.12-66.02] vs 41.86 [IQR: 34.47-50.91], P = 0.240; seroconversion rate: 94.3% vs 100%, P = 0.131). CONCLUSION Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease was a risk factor for poorer immunogenicity to the omicron variant, with a more pronounced waning effect compared among three-dose BNT162b2 recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lok Ka Lam
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Jing Tong Tan
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Poh Hwa Ooi
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Ruiqi Zhang
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Kwok Hung Chan
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Xianhua Mao
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Ivan F N Hung
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Wai Kay Seto
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Man Fung Yuen
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Ka Shing Cheung
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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143
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Yanagisawa H, Maeda H, Noguchi I, Tanaka M, Wada N, Nagasaki T, Kobayashi K, Kanazawa G, Taguchi K, Chuang VTG, Sakai H, Nakashima H, Kinoshita M, Kitagishi H, Iwakiri Y, Sasaki Y, Tanaka Y, Otagiri M, Watanabe H, Maruyama T. Carbon monoxide-loaded red blood cells ameliorate metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis progression via enhancing AMP-activated protein kinase activity and inhibiting Kupffer cell activation. Redox Biol 2024; 76:103314. [PMID: 39163766 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is a progressive form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease characterised by fat accumulation, inflammation, oxidative stress, fibrosis, and impaired liver regeneration. In this study, we found that heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is induced in both MASH patients and in a MASH mouse model. Further, hepatic carbon monoxide (CO) levels in MASH model mice were >2-fold higher than in healthy mice, suggesting that liver HO-1 is activated as MASH progresses. Based on these findings, we used CO-loaded red blood cells (CO-RBCs) as a CO donor in the liver, and evaluated their therapeutic effect in methionine-choline deficient diet (MCDD)-induced and high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced MASH model mice. Intravenously administered CO-RBCs effectively delivered CO to the MASH liver, where they prevented fat accumulation by promoting fatty acid oxidation via AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor induction. They also markedly suppressed Kupffer cell activation and their corresponding anti-inflammatory and antioxidative stress activities in MASH mice. CO-RBCs also helped to restore liver regeneration in mice with HFD-induced MASH by activating AMPK. We confirmed the underlying mechanisms by performing in vitro experiments in RAW264.7 cells and palmitate-stimulated HepG2 cells. Taken together, CO-RBCs show potential as a promising cellular treatment for MASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Yanagisawa
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | - Hitoshi Maeda
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | - Isamu Noguchi
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | - Motohiko Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saiseikai Kumamoto Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | - Naoki Wada
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | - Taisei Nagasaki
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | - Kazuki Kobayashi
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | - Gai Kanazawa
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | - Kazuaki Taguchi
- Division of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Victor Tuan Giam Chuang
- Pharmacy Discipline, Curtin Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, 6845, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Hiromi Sakai
- Department of Chemistry, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Nakashima
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Manabu Kinoshita
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Kitagishi
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, 610-0321, Japan.
| | - Yasuko Iwakiri
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, United States.
| | - Yutaka Sasaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | - Yasuhito Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | - Masaki Otagiri
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Watanabe
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | - Toru Maruyama
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
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144
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Kim D, Manikat R, Wijarnpreecha K, Cholankeril G, Ahmed A. Contemporary awareness of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and viral hepatitis based on the stage. Am J Med Sci 2024:S0002-9629(24)01407-1. [PMID: 39159751 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2024.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Donghee Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.
| | - Richie Manikat
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Karn Wijarnpreecha
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona, United States; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Banner University Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, United States
| | - George Cholankeril
- Liver Center, Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Michael E DeBakey Department of General Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States; Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Aijaz Ahmed
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
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145
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Bannangkoon K, Hongsakul K, Tubtawee T. Lipiodol accumulation patterns and their impact on survival outcomes in transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma: a single institution retrospective analysis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18979. [PMID: 39152197 PMCID: PMC11329683 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69993-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Conventional Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) using Lipiodol is a pivotal therapeutic modality for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The link between Lipiodol accumulation patterns and patient survival outcomes remains underexplored. This study assesses the impact of these patterns on the prognosis of HCC patients undergoing TACE. We evaluated HCC patients treated with selective TACE between July 2015 and March 2020, classifying post-procedure Lipiodol accumulation observed on CT scans into four distinct patterns: homogeneous, heterogeneous, defective, and deficient. We analyzed cumulative local tumor recurrence (LTR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) rates across these groups. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify potential prognostic factors influencing PFS and OS. Among 124 HCC nodules, the distribution of Lipiodol patterns was: 65 homogeneous, 24 heterogeneous, 10 defective, and 25 deficient. Median PFS was 33.2, 9.1, 1.1, and 1.0 months, respectively, while median OS spanned 54.8, 44.5, 25.0, and 29.1 months for these groups. A significant difference in survival was found only between the homogeneous and defective patterns (hazard ratio, 2.33; confidence interval 1.25-4.36). Multivariate analyses revealed nonhomogeneous patterns as significant predictors of shorter PFS (HR 6.45, p < 0.001) and OS (HR 1.73, p = 0.033). Nonhomogeneous Lipiodol patterns in HCC following TACE significantly correlate with higher recurrence and decreased survival rates, especially with defective patterns. Early detection of these patterns may guide timely intervention strategies, potentially enhancing survival outcomes for patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kittipitch Bannangkoon
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand.
| | - Keerati Hongsakul
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Teeravut Tubtawee
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
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146
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Chen Y, Ming W, Chen J, Wang X, He G. The impact of restrictive blood transfusion on the safety of patients with esophageal varices after endoscopic variceal ligation: A single-center retrospective study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e39407. [PMID: 39151488 PMCID: PMC11332775 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000039407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024] Open
Abstract
An investigation was conducted to examine the impact of restrictive blood transfusion on the safety of early rebleeding following endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) in patients with liver cirrhosis. Data were collected from patients with cirrhosis and esophageal varices who underwent EVL at the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College between September 2021 and March 2023. Clinical information, including serum albumin levels, hemoglobin (Hb) levels, liver function classification, and the occurrence of early rebleeding, was recorded. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on their Hb levels: 60 g/L to 90 g/L (restrictive blood transfusion) or Hb ≥ 90 g/L after EVL. The impact of restrictive transfusion on the post-ligation safety of EVL was observed. A total of 246 cirrhotic patients were included in the analysis. Significant differences were found in Hb levels, liver function classification, early rebleeding rates, length of hospital stay, and hospitalization expenses between the restrictive transfusion and Hb ≥ 90 g/L groups. The early rebleeding rate was significantly varied between the groups with different Hb levels after EVL. Multivariate logistic analysis revealed that restrictive blood transfusion (OR = 4.61, 95% CI: 1.06-19.99; P = .041), Hb (OR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.95-0.97; P < .001), and Child-Pugh class C (OR = 6.37, 95% CI: 1.28-31.67; P = .024) were identified as independent factors influencing early rebleeding. Our findings suggest that the risk of early rebleeding in cirrhotic patients after EVL may be increased by restrictive blood transfusion, and this should be further investigated in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Wen Ming
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Jingjing Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Guobin He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
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147
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Panyod S, Wu WK, Hsieh YC, Tseng YJ, Peng SY, Chen RA, Huang HS, Chen YH, Shen TCD, Ho CT, Liu CJ, Chuang HL, Huang CC, Wu MS, Sheen LY. Ginger essential oil prevents NASH progression by blocking the NLRP3 inflammasome and remodeling the gut microbiota-LPS-TLR4 pathway in mice. Nutr Diabetes 2024; 14:65. [PMID: 39152116 PMCID: PMC11329514 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-024-00306-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diet and gut microbiota contribute to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) progression. High-fat diets (HFDs) change gut microbiota compositions, induce gut dysbiosis, and intestinal barrier leakage, which facilitates portal influx of pathogen-associated molecular patterns including lipopolysaccharides (LPS) to the liver and triggers inflammation in NASH. Current therapeutic drugs for NASH have adverse side effects; however, several foods and herbs that exhibit hepatoprotection could be an alternative method to prevent NASH. METHODS We investigated ginger essential oil (GEO) against palm oil-containing HFDs in LPS-injected murine NASH model. RESULTS GEO reduced plasma alanine aminotransferase levels and hepatic pro-inflammatory cytokine levels; and increased antioxidant catalase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione levels to prevent NASH. GEO alleviated hepatic inflammation through mediated NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and LPS/Toll-like receptor four (TLR4) signaling pathways. GEO further increased beneficial bacterial abundance and reduced NASH-associated bacterial abundance. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that GEO prevents NASH progression which is probably associated with the alterations of gut microbiota and inhibition of the LPS/TLR4/NF-κB pathway. Hence, GEO may offer a promising application as a dietary supplement for the prevention of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraphan Panyod
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Center for Food and Biomolecules, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wei-Kai Wu
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Bachelor Program of Biotechnology and Food Nutrition, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ya-Chi Hsieh
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yea-Jing Tseng
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Sin-Yi Peng
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Rou-An Chen
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Huai-Syuan Huang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Hsun Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ting-Chin David Shen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Chun-Jen Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsiao-Li Chuang
- National Laboratory Animal Center, National Applied Research Laboratories, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chi-Chang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ming-Shiang Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Lee-Yan Sheen
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
- Center for Food and Biomolecules, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
- National Center for Food Safety Education and Research, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
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148
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Mahajan A, Kharawala S, Desai S, Kendrick S, Das J, Gielen V. Association of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Levels With Long-Term Complications in Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection: A Systematic Literature Review. J Viral Hepat 2024. [PMID: 39150061 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a global issue and can lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is an important marker of HBV infection and HBsAg quantification could be a useful tool in clinical practice. This systematic literature review aimed to explore the association between HBsAg titres and long-term disease outcomes and evaluate the relationship between HBsAg titres, or changes in HBsAg titres, and clinical and treatment characteristics in patients with chronic HBV infection. Structured searches were performed in MEDLINE and Embase (January 2000 to 31 March 2023). Eighty-two studies were included, comprising 51% retrospective cohort studies, mostly conducted in Asia (85%). HBsAg levels were shown to predict the long-term development of cirrhosis and HCC in patients who were untreated prior to and during follow-up; however, these data were inconclusive in mixed and treated populations. HBsAg titres were significantly associated with various virological markers including serum HBV DNA, HBcrAg, HBeAg, HBV RNA levels, intrahepatic covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) and intrahepatic HBsAg expression. HBsAg titres generally declined over time; this decline was more pronounced in early (HBeAg-positive) than later disease phases (HBeAg-negative). Higher decline in HBsAg levels was consistently associated with subsequent HBsAg seroclearance and a greater decline in total intrahepatic HBV DNA and cccDNA levels. In conclusion, this review showed that HBsAg levels and rates of decline could inform assessment, management and prediction of outcomes in chronic HBV infection. Further studies in broader, more diverse populations and treated patients are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Joyeta Das
- Research and Development, GSK, Brentford, Middlesex, UK
| | - Vera Gielen
- Research and Development, GSK, Brentford, Middlesex, UK
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149
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Wu W, Zhang YP, Pan YM, He ZJ, Tan YP, Wang DD, Qu XG, Zhang ZH. Predictive Value of C-Reactive Protein/Albumin Ratio for Acute Kidney Injury in Patients with Acute Pancreatitis. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:5495-5507. [PMID: 39165324 PMCID: PMC11334915 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s473466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aims to evaluate the predictive efficacy of the C-reactive protein/albumin ratio (CAR), a cost-effective, easily accessible, and reproducible biomarker obtained from standard blood tests, in forecasting acute kidney injury (AKI) among patients undergoing acute pancreatitis (AP). Considering that changes in the CAR are associated with AKI incidence in AP cases, this work aims to explore whether CAR can be used as the innovative, inflammation-based diagnostic marker for AKI in AP patients. Methods The current retrospective cohort study consecutively enrolled AP patients admitted to First College of Clinical Medical Science of China Three Gorges University during the period from January 2019 to October 2023. Data were extracted systematically in electronic medical records from these hospitalized individuals, including baseline demographic and clinical characteristics. To ascertain the association of the CAR level with the development of AKI, we carried out multivariate logistic regression, adjusting for potential confounders. These confounders were initially identified through univariate regression. Furthermore, the potential effect modifiers in the relationship between CAR and AKI occurrence were explored by stratified logistic regression. Results Totally, 1514 AP were recruited, including 257 (16.9%) with AKI. CAR was positively correlated with AKI. When adjusting for potential confounders, the AKI risk in patients in the upper CAR tertile (2.628-22.994) increased by 83% relative to those in lower tertile (0.05-0.289) (OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.13-2.96, P = 0.013). The AKI risk tended to increase according to the increasing CAR tertile (P for trend = 0.013). No significant interactions were observed among subgroups based on age, sex, BMI, admission to ICU, hypertension, DM, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, severity of AP, etiology of AP, demand for CRRT, mechanical ventilation, and blood transfusion (all P > 0.05). Conclusion A higher CAR is significantly related to the higher AKI incidence in AP patients in the Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Yichang Central People’s Hospital, Yichang, Hubei, 443003, People’s Republic of China
- The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, 443003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Pei Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Yichang Central People’s Hospital, Yichang, Hubei, 443003, People’s Republic of China
- The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, 443003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Meng Pan
- The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, 443003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Jie He
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Yichang Central People’s Hospital, Yichang, Hubei, 443003, People’s Republic of China
- The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, 443003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan-Ping Tan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Yichang Central People’s Hospital, Yichang, Hubei, 443003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ding-Deng Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Yichang Central People’s Hospital, Yichang, Hubei, 443003, People’s Republic of China
- The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, 443003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xing-Guang Qu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Yichang Central People’s Hospital, Yichang, Hubei, 443003, People’s Republic of China
- The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, 443003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Hui Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Yichang Central People’s Hospital, Yichang, Hubei, 443003, People’s Republic of China
- The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, 443003, People’s Republic of China
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150
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Luo XY, Ying SQ, Cao Y, Jin Y, Jin F, Zheng CX, Sui BD. Liver-based inter-organ communication: A disease perspective. Life Sci 2024; 351:122824. [PMID: 38862061 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Inter-organ communication through hormones, cytokines and extracellular vesicles (EVs) has emerged to contribute to the physiological states and pathological processes of the human body. Notably, the liver coordinates multiple tissues and organs to maintain homeostasis and maximize energy utilization, with the underlying mechanisms being unraveled in recent studies. Particularly, liver-derived EVs have been found to play a key role in regulating health and disease. As an endocrine organ, the liver has also been found to perform functions via the secretion of hepatokines. Investigating the multi-organ communication centered on the liver, especially in the manner of EVs and hepatokines, is of great importance to the diagnosis and treatment of liver-related diseases. This review summarizes the crosstalk between the liver and distant organs, including the brain, the bone, the adipose tissue and the intestine in noticeable situations. The discussion of these contents will add to a new dimension of organismal homeostasis and shed light on novel theranostics of pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China; School of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Si-Qi Ying
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yuan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China; Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Yan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Fang Jin
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Chen-Xi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Bing-Dong Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
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