Religious/spiritual coping, symptoms of depression, stress, and anxiety in caregivers of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes

BACKGROUND

It was verified the level of religiosity and spirituality, and symptoms of depression, stress, and anxiety of caregivers of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes, and its interference in glycaemic control.

METHODS

Socio-economic and demographic data were collected from caregivers of 59 children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes and obtained dosages of fasting glucose (FG); postprandial glycaemia (PPG); fructosamine (FRUTO); and HbA1c, as well as the glycaemic variability-∆HbA1c. Levels of religiosity were obtained by the DUREL scale; the use of religious/spiritual coping was verified by the SRCOPE-Brief scale. Symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress were analysed by the DASS-21 scale. The correlations between the variables were analysed by the Pearson coefficient, with significance at 5% level.

RESULTS

Inverse correlations were observed between caregivers' schooling with PPG (r = -0.30; P = 0.002) and FRUTO (r = -0.34; P = 0.008) and between family income and FRUTO (r = -0.37; P = 0.004). Direct, moderate correlations were observed between negative religious/spiritual coping (NSRCOPE) with symptoms of depression (r = 0.588; P < 0.0001), stress (r = 0.500; P < 0.0001), and anxiety (r = 0.551; P < 0.0001).

CONCLUSION

The direct association between NSRCOPE with symptoms of depression, stress, and anxiety was the highlighted item in the present study emphasizing the need for greater attention to the emotional health of informal caregivers of children and adolescents with DM1. It is necessary to reflect on the religious/spiritual support especially for the main caregiver of children and adolescents with DM1.

Coping Religioso/Espiritual e Qualidade de Vida dos Sobreviventes de Câncer Cinco Anos após o Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoiéticas

  Introdução: O transplante de células-tronco hematopoiéticas é um tratamento complexo, com potencial de cura, no entanto, apresenta risco significativo de complicações graves e consequente comprometimento na qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde. Diante desse cenário, é necessário que a equipe de saúde reconheça as demandas a que os pacientes estão expostos, e as estratégias de enfrentamento utilizadas, a fim de promover intervenções que objetivem a melhora da qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde e a diminuição dos desconfortos decorrentes do diagnóstico e tratamento. Objetivo: Correlacionar o uso do coping religioso/espiritual com a qualidade de vida após cinco anos da realização do transplante de células-tronco hematopoiéticas. Método: Estudo analítico e longitudinal, com 55 pacientes em um hospital de referência para o procedimento na América Latina. Coleta de dados de 2013 até 2021, com os questionários Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy – Bone Marrow Transplantation e Religious/Spiritual Coping Scale. Correlações entre as variáveis pelo coeficiente de correlação de Spearman. Resultados: Trinta pacientes foram a óbito antes de completar cinco anos de tratamento. A qualidade de vida apresentou melhores índices no quinto ano (116,1/148). Houve maior uso do coping religioso/espiritual positivo (3,15/5,00). Observou-se correlação significativa negativa entre os escores de qualidade de vida (-0,624/p<0,00) e coping/religioso espiritual negativo. Conclusão: Reconhecer a multidimensionalidade do constructo qualidade de vida, incluindo o domínio espiritual, poderá auxiliar o paciente no enfrentamento da doença e do tratamento.

Intimate Partner Violence against Mastectomized Women: Victims' Experiences

Exposure to situations of domestic violence during the treatment for breast cancer may compromise the treatment and quality of life of women patients, so it is essential that health professionals act in tracking this phenomenon in the approach to and care of women with breast cancer. The purpose of this study was to examine experiences of violence against women by their intimate partners after mastectomy. This is an exploratory descriptive study, with a qualitative approach, carried out in the Rehabilitation Program for Mastectomized Women in a Brazilian reference hospital for oncological treatment. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 mastectomized women. For data analysis, a content analysis technique was performed. The women interviewed were predominantly brown, with a minimum age of 44 years and maximum of 72 years. They presented with low education, were married, and had a mean period of five years of breast cancer diagnosis. The participants reported that after mastectomy, they experienced episodes of violence at a time when they were extremely vulnerable due to the various cancer treatments. Three major thematic categories emerged from interview data across the data collection: (1) experiences of psychological violence, (2) experiences of physical violence, and (3) experiences of sexual violence. Psychological violence took the form of humiliation and contempt for their condition. Physical violence involved assault and sexual violence in the form of forced sex by coercion. Violence was a phenomenon present after mastectomy, practiced in the domestic environment by the intimate partner. We emphasize the importance of health professionals in screening for this issue by listening to and welcoming women, recording cases, exposing this situation, and contributing to prevention.

Representações sociais de juízes sobre o abuso sexual contra crianças e adolescentes

O presente estudo objetivou compreender as representações sociais de juízes(as) acerca do abuso sexual cometido contra crianças e adolescentes. Participaram 12 juízes(as) de primeira e segunda instâncias. Realizou-se análise de conteúdo de Bardin nos dados obtidos por meio das entrevistas. Os resultados ilustram que o abuso sexual é considerado um ato carregado de violência, com consequências devastadoras para as vítimas e seus familiares, sendo a prevalência no contexto intrafamiliar. Verificou-se que aspectos físicos e posturais da vítima adolescente, tais quais desenvolvimento corporal (mama) e roupas curtas, e a percepção destas como sedutoras, exercem algum tipo de influência nas decisões judiciais. Desse modo, fica evidente a necessidade de maior qualificação multidisciplinar dos profissionais que atuam nestes casos, para que não tomem decisões baseadas nesses aspectos, a fim de que as consequências para as vítimas do abuso sexual possam ser minimizadas por meio de um acompanhamento adequado.

Representações sociais do direito à saúde na fronteira trinacional

Resumo Estudo de abordagem qualitativa com objetivo de analisar as representações sociais de formadores de opinião acerca do direito e do acesso à saúde em territorialidade transfronteiriça de Foz do Iguaçu-Paraná. Realizaram-se entrevistas com líderes de movimentos sociais, professores universitários, trabalhadores da saúde e jornalistas. Utilizou-se da Teoria das Representações Sociais, proposta por Moscovici, com enfoque na análise tridimensional para tratamento dos dados. Os resultados indicam uma diversidade de representações do direito à saúde no território, sustentadas, desde uma noção de cidadania restrita, garantida aos nacionais, passando por uma concepção ampliada de saúde até o entendimento da saúde como um direito universal. No que se refere ao acesso aos serviços de saúde, como expressão do direito, observa-se movimentos contraditórios que limitam o acesso do transfronteiriço ao edificar uma concepção que marginaliza e exclui o que não é nacional. Conclui-se que o financiamento, a oferta de serviços pelo sistema local de saúde e a cooperação internacional costurada regionalmente são aspectos que precisam fazer parte do debate local da política, planejamento e gestão em saúde e compor uma práxis que atenda as múltiplas especificidades da cidadania transfronteiriça.

A qualitative synthesis of drawing-based research on the illness-related experiences of children living with physical health problems

The strengths of drawing-based approaches for encouraging children's participation in health research and facilitating communication with them have been increasingly acknowledged in the medical literature. However, there is a lack of methodological discussion on drawing-based approaches suitable for researching children living with physical health problems. The present study systematically reviewed qualitative research using drawing-based approaches on the experiences of children living with physical health problems and summarised how the approaches were used as well. We identified 54 studies from five databases. The characteristics of qualitative methods and drawing-based approaches were analysed. To obtain an overall understanding of the illness-related experiences of these children, qualitative data generated from the included studies were synthesised using the thematic synthesis approach. This systematic review highlights the appropriateness and accuracy of the use of drawings-based approaches in health research with children on their illness-related experiences, fostering inclusive participation and engagement of young generations.

Use of the Maslach Burnout Inventory Among Public Health Care Professionals: Protocol for a Scoping Review

BACKGROUND

Burnout syndrome is a chronic response to stressors in the workplace. It is characterized by emotional exhaustion and physical and mental burnout and may lead to high employee turnover, work absenteeism, and increased occupational accidents. Most studies use the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) to identify burnout and implement preventive actions and treatments.

OBJECTIVE

This study presents a scoping review protocol to identify and map studies that used MBI to assess burnout syndrome in health care professionals working in public health services.

METHODS

This scoping review protocol follows the Joanna Briggs Institute reviewers' manual, and this protocol consists of 6 stages: identifying the research question, identifying relevant studies, study selection, data extraction and coding, analysis and interpretation of results, and consultation with stakeholders. We will conduct searches in Embase, LILACS, PubMed/MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science databases, and gray literature. The main research question is as follows: how is MBI used to identify burnout syndrome in health care professionals working in public health services? Inclusion criteria will comprise qualitative and quantitative studies using MBI to identify burnout syndrome in health care professionals working in public health services and no restrictions in language and publication dates. Data will be extracted using a spreadsheet adapted from the Joanna Briggs Institute model. Quantitative and qualitative data will be analyzed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis, respectively. The consultation with stakeholders will be essential for increasing the knowledge about MBI, identifying new evidence, and developing future strategies to guide public policies preventing burnout syndrome in health care professionals working in public services.

RESULTS

This protocol will guide a scoping review to identify and map studies that used MBI to identify burnout syndrome in health care professionals working in public health services. The results of this review may be useful to public health care professionals, managers, policymakers, and the general population because these findings will help understand the validated, translated, and adapted versions of MBI and domains, number of items, Likert scales, and cutoff points or the latent profile analysis most used in the literature. Furthermore, possible research gaps may be identified to guide future studies. All information regarding the stages of the scoping review favor its transparency and allow it to be methodologically replicated according to the principles of open science, thereby reducing the risk of bias and data duplication.

CONCLUSIONS

This study may reveal the multiplicity of scales described in the literature and the different forms of assessing burnout syndrome in health care professionals. This study may help to standardize the assessment of burnout syndrome in health care professionals working in public health services and contribute to the discussion and knowledge dissemination about burnout syndrome and mental health in this population.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/42338.

Parenting practices during early childhood: validity evidence of a Brazilian scale

OBJECTIVE

The present study aims to analyze the validity of evidence and internal consistency of an inventory for assessing parenting practices during early childhood.

METHOD

Participants were 857 mothers of one-to-42-months children recruited in three cities in the Southeast region and one city in the Midwest region of Brazil. The participants answered a sociodemographic questionnaire with maternal and child data, and the Parenting Styles Inventory for Mothers of Babies (IEPMB). The IEPMB includes 25 questions about positive and negative parenting practices that mothers use to raise their children. An exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was conducted using the following criteria to indicate adequate model fit: root-mean-square error of approximation (RMSEA) < .08; standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) < .09; comparative fit index (CFI) > 0.90. For the hypothesis-testing method, a comparison between groups using a student's t-test based on the child's age (infants vs. toddlers) and mother's age (adolescents vs. adults) was carried out.

RESULTS

The final 11 items model of the measure revealed an adequate overall model fit (RMSEA = 0.04; SRMR = 0.04; CFI = 0.94). The items were grouped into three constructs: Aggressiveness and Emotional Dysregulation, Relaxed Discipline, and Positive Monitoring. Adolescent mothers reported less positive monitoring than adult mothers (p < 0.001). Mothers of toddlers reported more aggressiveness/emotional dysregulation (p < 0.001) and relaxed discipline (p = 0.05) than mothers of infants.

CONCLUSIONS

The instrument named from this study as the Parenting Practices Inventory for Mothers of Babies showed evidence for measuring mothers' parenting practices in early childhood and allows the identification of parents who need support.

The role of spirituality and religiosity on the cognitive decline of community-dwelling older adults: a 4-year longitudinal study

OBJECTIVES

This study aims to assess whether having religious beliefs, attending religious services and using spiritual-religious coping (SRC) are longitudinally associated with cognitive decline in community-dwelling older adults.

METHODS

A 4-year longitudinal study of 261 Brazilian older adults was conducted. Hierarchical adjusted linear regression models and logistic regression models were performed to evaluate the longitudinal effects of religious beliefs, church attendance and positive and negative SRC on cognitive decline.

RESULTS

The findings revealed that spiritual and religious beliefs at baseline could affect cognitive function in two different ways. When older adults use religiosity and spirituality (RS) in a functional positive manner, it results in better cognitive outcomes and a slower rate of decline. However, when used in a negative manner, it results in worse cognitive outcomes.

CONCLUSION

These results could help health care professionals address SRC among older adults, particularly those at a higher risk of cognitive decline. Considering that RS is very important for older adults, health care professionals should be aware of the beliefs of their patients and address RS in clinical practice.

Social representations of the right to health on the trinational border

Abstract This article describes a study based on a qualitative approach that aimed to analyze the social representations of opinion makers about the right and access to health in the cross-border territoriality of Foz do Iguaçu-Paraná. To achieve that goal, interviews were conducted with leaders of social movements, university professors, health workers and journalists. Moscovici’s Social Representations Theory was used with a focus on the three-dimensional analysis to process data. Findings show a diversity of representations of the right to health in the territory. They range from a notion of restricted citizenship that is exclusively granted to nationals to a broader concept of health and to the understanding of health as a universal right. Regarding access to health services as an expression of that right, contradictory movements were observed that limit cross-border access by building a conceptual barrier that marginalizes and excludes what is not national. We conclude that financing, provision of services by the local health system and international cooperation achieved regionally are aspects that need to be part of the local debate on health policy, planning and management and should make up a praxis that meets the multiple specificities of cross-border citizenship.

The Effect of Physical Activity on Motor Skills of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Meta-Analysis

OBJECTIVE

The present study was aimed at analyzing the effect of physical activity on motor coordination in children with ASD.

METHODS

On 28 June 2021, a systematic review with meta-analysis was performed using the following databases: MEDLINE, SciELO, LILACS, PEDro, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, SCOPUS, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Science Direct. We analyzed the methodological quality and risk of bias using the Jadad scale and Cochrane tool, respectively. Motor coordination results were meta-analyzed using the RevMan program. Two independent researchers used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) tool to assess the level of evidence from the meta-analysis.

RESULTS

We found four studies in the listed databases and five randomized clinical trials were included in the meta-analysis that included 109 children with ASD. Children with ASD who performed physical activity did not present significantly better motor coordination than control children (p = 0.12).

CONCLUSIONS

Considering the clinical importance of physical activity for children with ASD, this systematic review with meta-analysis showed that physical activity had no statistically significant effects on coordination in individuals with ASD.

Preliminary results of a cognitive-behavioral life skills program for adolescents

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the Life Skills Promotion Program in Adolescents (PRHAVIDA-Adolescents) on the development of a repertoire of life skills based on the cognitive-behavioral approach. A study was carried out with 78 adolescents (M = 12.47 years; SD = 0.69) to compare the results of the Social Skills Inventory for Adolescents (IHSA-Del-Prette) before and after the intervention. Differences were found between pre- and post-test considering the frequency of emission of skills for girls in the subscales self-control, assertiveness, affective approach, and social development; boys showed differences in the subscales empathy, self-control, assertiveness, affective approach, and social development. Thus, it is considered that PRHAVIDA-Adolescents is an effective program that has demonstrated that it is capable of developing several relevant skills for both sexes at a satisfactory level. Its contents proved to be comprehensive, consisting of a viable alternative for health promotion for adolescents within the cognitive-behavioral approach.

Religiosity and Religious Coping in Patients with COPD: A Cross-Sectional Comparison Between Brazil and the Netherlands and Associations with Physical and Psychological Health

This study aimed to compare religiosity and religious coping (RC) between Brazilian and Dutch patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and to examine associations with physical and psychological health. Religiosity, RC, and physical and psychological health were cross-sectionally assessed in 161 patients with COPD (74 from Brazil and 87 from the Netherlands). Brazilian participants showed the greatest religiosity (p < 0.05), and weak correlations were observed between religiosity/RC and exercise capacity and quality of life (p < 0.05 for all analyses). Brazilian patients with COPD had higher religiosity than Dutch patients, and religiosity correlated with functional exercise capacity and quality of life.

Modelo Explicativo de Não Adesão ao Paradigma Psicossocial da Saúde Mental

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo propor um modelo explicativo de não adesão ao paradigma psicossocial da saúde mental a partir dos estereótipos, das crenças sobre a etiologia da doença mental, da percepção de ameaça e do preconceito. Para tanto, contou-se com a participação de 400 universitários, com média de idade de 24,64 anos (DP = 6, 64), sendo a maioria do sexo feminino (75,6%). Para a proposição do modelo, foi realizada uma path analysis. O modelo proposto demonstrou que quanto maior a percepção de ameaça e a concordância com o estereótipo de incapacidade, menor o apoio ao paradigma psicossocial. Ademais, verificou-se que as crenças acerca da etiologia da doença mental e os estereótipos estão na base da percepção de ameaça e todas essas variáveis juntas predizem maior preconceito. Os achados desta pesquisa fornecem subsídios científicos para a realização de intervenções eficazes e consistentes que fortaleçam o paradigma psicossocial no cenário nacional.

General Beliefs About Illicit Drug Use and Stigma: Perspective of People Who Use Illicit Drugs

People who use illicit drugs are continuously subjected to harsh stigmatization from society. This study explores the perspectives of people who use illicit drugs, specifically their general beliefs about illicit drug use and related stigma. A convergent parallel mixed methods design was used, combining quantitative and qualitative methods. The participants were recruited in a Psychosocial Care Centre (CAPSad) of a municipality in the state of Sao Paulo in Brazil. Findings revealed that illicit drug use can cause individual, family, professional and social difficulties, including problems with the law. The participants indicated they felt victimized by illicit drugs and their use, but also shared prejudicial and discriminatory views, highlighting self-stigmatizing perspectives. There is a need to develop intervention studies with a psychosocial approach on the use of illicit drugs, valuing the person's participation in the treatment, covering biomedical approaches, having in mind the social impact of illicit drugs and their use.

Assessment of a Primary Support Program: family physicians and mental health professionals' perspective

BACKGROUND

Mental health (MH) disorders are increasingly prevalent in primary care (PC) and this has generated, in recent years, the development of strategies based on the collaborative model and the stepped care model. The Primary Support Program (PSP) was implemented in the community of Catalonia (Spain) during 2006 to improve, from the first level of care, treatment of the population with mild-moderate complexity MH problems along with identification and referral of severe cases to specialized care. The aim of the present study was to identify the strengths and limitations of the PSP from the perspective of health professionals involved in the programme.

METHODS

An explanatory qualitative study based on Grounded Theory. We conducted group semistructured interviews with 37 family physicians and 34 MH professionals. A constant comparative method of analysis was performed.

RESULTS

Operation of the PSP is influenced by internal factors, such as the programme framework, MH liaison, management of service supply and demand, and the professional team involved. Additionally, external factors which had an impact were related to the patient, the professionals, the Health System, and community resources.

CONCLUSIONS

The operation of the PSP could benefit from a review of the programme framework and optimization of MH liaison. Improvements are also proposed for MH training in PC, intraprofessional coordination, use of community resources, and creation of efficient continuous assessment systems.

Social Support Is Linked to Post-Traumatic Growth among Tunisian Postoperative Breast Cancer Women

The struggle with breast cancer (BC) is often associated with positive changes after diagnosis and treatment, that are being referred to as posttraumatic growth (PTG). We aimed to examine PTG and its relationship with psychosocial (i.e., psychological distress, spiritual well-being, social support), sociodemographic and cancer-related variables in Tunisian women operated on for breast cancer. This was a cross-sectional study. Seventy-nine (79) postoperative BC women were administered the Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory, the Spiritual Well-being Scale, the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales, and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. The changes most frequently reported by participants were discovering that they were stronger than they thought they were (70.0%), having stronger religious faith (65.0%), and being better able to accept the way things work out (63.8%). Multivariate analysis showed that anxiety and social support remained significantly associated with PTG, while no significant relationship has been found for spiritual well-being. Overall, the present study adds to the existing body of research by identifying factors related to women’ s experience of PTG in a previously unexplored Arab Muslim cultural context, Tunisia. We believe that our findings may help inform strategies aiming at promoting positive psychological changes after experiencing BC, at least in our context.

Child maltreatment and substances use throughout adolescence and adulthood: Data from a Brazilian Birth Cohort

BACKGROUND

Child maltreatment has been associated with substance use later in life, but few studies have used repeated measures.

OBJECTIVE

To assess the association between child maltreatment and use of psychoactive substances from adolescence to early adulthood, and whether this differs by sex.

PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING

3641 participants from the 1993 Pelotas Birth Cohort, Brazil.

METHODS

Child maltreatment (psychological, physical and sexual abuse, and physical neglect) was assessed up to age 15 and use of psychoactive substances (smoking, harmful use of alcohol and use of illicit drugs) was assessed at ages 15, 18, and 22 years. Associations between child maltreatment and use of substances at each time point were analyzed using logistic regression, adjusted for confounders.

RESULTS

Overall, child maltreatment was associated with substance use, and the strength of the associations decreased over time. E.g., the association between psychological abuse and harmful use of alcohol was OR 2.17 (95%CI 1.80, 2.62; p-value < 0.001) at 15 years, OR 1.61 (95%CI 1.31, 1.97; p-value < 0.001) at 18 years, and OR1.55 (95%CI 1.22, 1.96; p-value < 0.001) at 22 years. When sex differences were evident, stronger associations were observed among females. E.g., the association between physical abuse and smoking at 15 years was OR 3.49 (95%CI 2.17, 5.62) in females and OR 0.87 (95%CI 0.30, 2.52) in males (p-value for sex interaction = 0.041).

CONCLUSIONS

Child maltreatment was associated with psychoactive substance in adolescence and early adulthood. Strategies to prevent use of substances could benefit those who suffered maltreatment in childhood.

The Body Esteem Scale for Adults and Adolescents: Translation, adaptation and psychometric validation among Brazilian adolescents

A lack of rigorously validated body image measures for use among adolescents is hampering research in Brazil. This study aimed to validate a Brazilian Portuguese version of the Body Esteem Scale for Adults and Adolescents (BESAA; Mendelson et al., 2001). The BESAA was forward and back translated from English into Brazilian Portuguese before examining its factor structure, reliability, and validity among 475 adolescents (50.3% girls) aged 13 - 18 years (M_age = 15.35) from various regions across Brazil. Exploratory factor analysis identified an 18-item three-factor solution, with Appearance-Positive, Appearance-Negative, and Weight subscales. The removal of five problematic items led to a psychometrically robust model, invariant across gender and age, and was verified using confirmatory factor analysis. Test re-test reliability and internal consistency were good-to-excellent across all three factors (Cronbach's a =0.85,.88, and.89). Concurrent validity was established through significant correlations with body dissatisfaction. Convergent validity was demonstrated via significant correlations with positive and negative affect. This Brazilian Portuguese version of the BESAA is a valid, reliable, and psychometrically robust measure of body image suitable for administration among adolescents in Brazil.

Resilience and job satisfaction among out-of-hospital emergency medical service professionals: A cross-sectional multi-centric study

AIM

We aim to describe the relationship between job satisfaction and compare levels of resilience among out-of-hospital emergency medical service professionals.

BACKGROUND

The study of the impact of the working environment on health professionals has raised great interest. Job-related variables and resilience can be a protective factor against stressful and demanding events at work.

METHODS

A cross-sectional survey comprising sociodemographic and job-related variables was conducted among 406 workers (doctors, nurses, psychologists, and ambulance technicians) from the out-of-hospital emergency medical system in Spain. Resilience was self-reported using the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale.

RESULTS

Nursing professionals were less resilient compared with ambulance technicians (score difference 1.709, p = .008). As age increased, resilience was lower (r = -.118). Professionals with higher resilience scores were more satisfied in their work (OR = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.02-1.11), and professionals with higher psychological strength, gained from working with other colleagues, also showed greater job satisfaction (OR = 5.47, 95% CI: 2.55-11.73).

CONCLUSION

There was a positive association between resilience, job satisfaction and collaborative work. Professionals with greater psychological strength, gained from working with other colleagues, also showed higher levels of job satisfaction.

IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT

Managers can use these results to influence the work environment to enhance job satisfaction and hence improve the resilience of the out-of-hospital emergency health care professionals.

Attitudes of health professionals towards people with substance use disorders in Brazil, controlling for the effects of social desirability

Health professionals are in a strategic position to help people with substance use disorders (SUDs) who seek health services for support or treatment. However, it is known that professionals' attitudes towards people who use alcohol and other drugs are marked by stigmatizing attitudes that create barriers to access quality treatment and make it difficult for the user to adhere to it. From this, the present study aimed to investigate the attitudes of 264 health professionals from specialised services and primary health care (PHC) in the Southeast region of Brazil, through Opening Minds Scale for Healthcare Providers (OMS-HC), taking into account the hypothesis of contact with the subject as a predictor of more positive attitudes. For this, a Multiple Hierarchical Regression was carried out to ascertain the contribution of the variables used in the explanatory model of attitudes. In addition, the measure of social desirability (SD), assessed by Brazilian Portuguese adaptation of Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale, was used as a control variable in the regression model to obtain a more robust and accurate model regarding the presence of biased responses, pervasive in studies on attitudes. In general, our findings showed that contact/familiarity with substance use, either through direct contact with users or through the respondent's own use, predicted more positive attitudes, with specialised service professionals expressing more positive attitudes than those working in PHC. Blaming the user for his/her condition presented itself as a predictor of more negative attitudes. Studies like this are of paramount importance for understanding the relationship established between professionals and service users and, therefore, for tailoring interventions and programs that aim to reduce stigmatizing attitudes and provide better access to health for people with SUDs. The importance of using the SD measure as a control variable in Regression is also emphasised, as an effective way to overcome to a common limitation in studies of attitudes.

How is Violence Themed in Nursing Education? Curricular Components in Northeastern Brazil

It aims to identify how the phenomenon of violence is themed in the curricular components of undergraduate nursing courses of public and private higher education institutions in Northeastern of Brazil.This is a descriptive and exploratory study, with documentary design and qualitative approach, based on the identification of the terms violence/aggression/abuse/aggressive/abusive in discipline menus available online from higher education institutions in northeastern Brazil. The data were organized and processed by the IraMuTeQ software and analyzed in the light of the relevant literature.In total, 412 nursing graduate institutions were found, in which 49 had documents available online, and, of these, 21 had the term violence. The processing of the syllabuses in the program resulted in significant use (79.37%) originating from the Descending Hierarchical Classification, seven classes that reveal the highlight of the approach of violence directed at the female public and in this context, the approach to violence against women was associated with sexual and reproductive aspects, and in a secondary way, it integrated the perspective of female vulnerabilities, power relations, consequences of violence and nursing care to cope with the phenomenon. Violence against children and adolescents and the discussion of violence in the contexts of collective health and health promotion were also approached in a less intense way.There was a predominance of the approach to violence aimed at women's health, under a biological approach, with a deficit in the transversality of the contents. However, it is important to highlight potentialities associated with the approach and teaching of contents that stimulate the critical thinking of the student before female vulnerabilities and power relations between the sexes, which can contribute to the reformulation and reorientation of nursing curricula, restraining deficits, and optimizing the potentialities.

SARS-CoV-2 in Brazil and Psychosocial Repercussions on Men's Health: Health Literacy Is Important

This study aimed at analyzing the psychosocial repercussions of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic on the health of men living in Brazil. For this, we carried out a socio-historical and qualitative study, with the participation of 200 men who answered an online questionnaire. The data collected were processed in the NVIVO12® software, structured by the Collective Subject Discourse method, and analyzed from the epidemic disease theoretical framework proposed by Charles Rosenberg. Our results showed that the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic brought about repercussions of different dimensions that compromised the health of men living in Brazil. The repercussions evidenced were behavioral changes and emergence of new habits due to the pandemic; uncomfortable family situations; impaired affective and sexual relationships; harms in marital relationships; and insecurity and psychological distress. It is important to implement strategies that maximize men's health literacy, promoting better communication in terms of health, and search for help and suitable information about health/mental health.

Difficulties experienced by caregivers of patients with Alzheimer's Disease in relation to dietary care: integrative review

Objective: To analyze the problems experienced by caregivers of patients with Alzheimer's Disease (AD) in dietary care. Methods: An integrative review was carried out, whose guiding question was "What are the experiences and difficulties reported by caregivers of people with Alzheimer's disease concerning dietary care?". The search occurred in April/2021 in the following databases: MEDLINE, Science Direct, SCOPUS, Web of Science, SciELO, and Lilacs. Publications fromthe last 10 years in English, Portuguese or Spanish were included. Results: Of the 2,418 articles initially found, the titles of 39 seemed to fit the research objectives. Of these, 11 articles were selected for full reading, and 8 were evaluated to answer the research question. A gap in the approach to the problems experienced by caregivers of patients with AD concerning dietary care was observed. Difficulties dealing with reduced appetite, dysphagia, inability to remember eating, mealtime refusal, and food repulsion were reported. Allied to this, caregiver stress was reported. Conclusion: The main problems experienced by caregivers of patients with AD involve reduced appetite, dysphagia, difficulty remembering what they have already eaten, refusal at mealtimes, and food repulsion. Thus, the theme deserves the attention and involvement of health professionals to focus on the most frequent difficulties and teach caregivers to overcome them.

A positive psychology group intervention in Greek university students by the counseling center: Effectiveness of implementation

Most institutions in higher education have emphasized success in knowledge while overlooking Students' wellbeing. The present study aimed to examine the effectiveness of the implementation of a 5-week positive psychology group intervention to a sample of 69 students that were assigned to the intervention (N = 34) and the control group (N = 35). Pre and post measures were taken assessing positive and negative emotions, resilience, happiness, optimism, and self-esteem. In particular, Modified Differential Emotions Scale (mDES), Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS), Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R), and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) were administered to the participants. A mixed measures design was employed with the condition experimental vs. control group as the between-participants factor and time, namely, baseline vs. post-intervention as the within-participants factor. Except for optimism, compared with students in the control group, students in the experimental group showed no significant differences at baseline and experienced a significant increase in positive emotions and resilience in the post-test. On the contrary, the control group demonstrated no significant difference at post-test. Additionally, the students of the intervention group reported significantly higher levels in all measures in comparison with the students of the control group, except resilience, at post-test. However, when the interaction of design and time was considered, the increase in positive emotions solely emerged as a significant result of the intervention. The implementation of a positive psychology group intervention program can be effective in helping students experiencing positive emotions. More research is needed in order to refine and improve the application of such a program in a university setting, in regard to long term intervention.

Fisioterapia com brinquedos e terapia assistida por cães em lactentes: estudo observacional

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar a fisioterapia com brinquedos com a terapia assistida por cães no desenvolvimento neuromotor de lactentes de quatro meses de idade com e sem alterações neuromotoras. Trata-se de pesquisa descritiva e observacional de caráter qualitativo, realizada com 10 lactentes, que foram avaliados pela escala motora infantil de Alberta (EMIA), divididos em grupo 1 (G1) e grupo 2 (G1) e subdivididos em grupo brinquedo (G1B e G2B) e grupo cão (G1C e G2C) para a realização das intervenções quinzenais. O questionário Affordances in the Home Environment for Motor Development - Infant Scale (AHEMD-IS) foi escolhido para avaliar as oportunidades presentes no ambiente domiciliar. A análise de dados qualitativos foi feita por meio de fotos e filmagens. A presença do cão nos grupos G1C e G2C resultou em um ambiente descontraído e divertido, interesse dos lactentes em tocar o pelo do animal, movimentos alternados de membros, contato visual, emissão de sons, evolução na interação social e sentimento de segurança. Nos grupos G1B e G2B, constatou-se diminuição da motivação, ausência de emissão de sons pelos lactentes e contato visual e interesse pelo toque restrito a brinquedos que tivessem diversas cores e sons, havendo pouca agitação e motivação para as habilidades motoras nesses grupos. Conclui-se que a presença do cão promoveu melhores resultados motores, sociais, afetivos e cognitivos. A terapia assistida por animais pode ser um método eficaz para auxiliar na fisioterapia convencional de lactentes com atraso no desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor.

Agreement Between Alberta Infant Motor Scale Assessment and Maternal Perception of Motor Development in Full-Term Infants

OBJECTIVES

To verify the agreement between the Alberta Infant Motor Scale assessment and maternal perception of the motor development in full-term infants.

METHODS

This is a cross-sectional study involving 161 infants and mothers. Children were assessed with the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) for motor developmental classification. Mothers completed questionnaires aiming to identify maternal profiles and impressions about their children's development. The kappa test was used to analyze the concordance between AIMS and mother perceptions.

RESULTS

A total of 83.2% of the sample was classified as typically developing and 16.8% as suspected or delayed development. The maternal impression indicates that 77% of infants are developing typically, 19.9% perceived their infants' development as advanced, and 3.1% delayed development. There was low agreement between the mothers' perceptions and AIMS classifications (kappa = 0.153).

CONCLUSIONS

Maternal perception of their infant's development was unsatisfactory for evaluation of motor development because their perceptions did not agree with the findings of the AIMS.

SALDO NÃO LIQUIDADO DO LEGADO TRANSGERACIONAL: O PROCESSO DE SEPARAÇÃO-INDIVIDUAÇÃO NA GÊNESE PRECOCE DOS TRANSTORNOS ALIMENTARES

RESUMO: Este estudo investigou a experiência de maternagem em mulheres cujas filhas foram diagnosticadas com anorexia nervosa ou bulimia nervosa, buscando identificar aspectos do vínculo precoce mãe-filha que guardam relação com os sintomas psicopatológicos. Partimos da suposição de que sintomas graves na esfera alimentar expressam elementos específicos da dinâmica relacional precoce com a figura materna. Na perspectiva da teoria da transmissão psíquica transgeracional, conjecturamos que a constituição do sintoma tem como elemento articulador um vínculo fusional e involucra uma tentativa malograda de colocar um traço de separação e proteção da filha contra intrusões e excessos maternos. São estabelecidas relações com conteúdos transgeracionais.

Physical therapy with toys and dog-assisted therapy in infants: observational study

ABSTRACT This study aimed to compare physical therapy with toys with dog-assisted therapy in the neuromotor development of 4-month-old infants with and without neuromotor alterations. This is a qualitative descriptive and observational study carried out with 10 infants, who were evaluated by the Alberta Infant Motor Scale, divided into Group 1 (G1) and Group 2 (G1), and subdivided into Toy Group (TG1 and TG2) and Dog Group (DG1 and DG2) for the performance of fortnightly interventions. By the Affordances in the Home Environment for Motor Development - Infant Scale, we assessed the opportunities present in the home environment. Qualitative data were analyzed using photos and videos. The presence of a dog in DG1 and DG2 resulted in a relaxed and fun environment, infants interested in touching the animal’s fur, alternating limb movements, eye contact, sound production, increased social interaction, and feeling of security. In TG1 and TG2, decrease in motivation was observed as well as the absence of sound production and eye contact by infants, and interest in touch restricted to toys that had different colors and sounds, with little agitation and motivation for motor skills in those groups. We concluded that the dog’s presence promoted better motor, social, affective, and cognitive results. Animal-assisted therapy can be an effective method to support conventional physical therapy for infants with delayed neuropsychomotor development.

The association between language and recognition of facial emotional expressions in elderly individuals

PURPOSE

To check the association between a good performance of language and the recognition of facial emotional expressions in elderly individuals.

METHODS

Transversal study performed with 118 elderly individuals from the primary care services of health of a city in the state of São Paulo. Sociodemographic data were collected, regarding the performance of language through the domain of Addenbrooke Cognitive Examination - Revised and Recognition of Facial Emotional Expressions. The sample was divided in thirds according to the performance of language: T1 = the best, T2 = average, and T3 = the worst. The groups T1xT3 were compared regarding the performance of recognition of facial expressions of anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise, and for the intensities of 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%. The association of independent variables over the performance of language was analyzed through logistic regression. The multivariate model was built from the results of the univariate analyses and has included the continuous variables by emotion and by intensity. Age and schooling associated to the performance of language in the univariate model were included in the multivariate model in order to adjust association analyses.

RESULTS

The sample was mainly female (84.7%), with an average age of 70.5 years old, and 3.5 schooling years. The variables associated to the best performance of language in comparative analysis of T1 and T3 were: surprise (OR = 1.485, IC 95% 1.194 - 1.846), and disgust (OR = 1.143, IC 95% 1.005 - 1.300).

CONCLUSION

The recognition of facial emotional expressions of surprise and disgust were shown as important factors associated to the good performance of language.

Who Gets to Breastfeed? A Narrative Ecological Analysis of Women's Infant Feeding Experiences in the UK

The early post-natal period is a critical period in women's infant feeding journeys, often marked by high levels of unintended breastfeeding cessation. Previous research has argued that infant feeding should be perceived within a complex system whereby factors operating at different ecological levels (i.e., individual, social/community networks, cultural/institutional) interact to affect individual behaviors. However, currently, more work needs to be done to implement an ecological approach in breastfeeding programs. We adopted a complex-systems lens approach to explore how multi-level factors-individual, mother-infant dyad, health service, family and social networks, and wider community infrastructure-interacted with women's motivations and experiences of breastfeeding. We undertook a secondary analysis of 24 women's interviews; all the women had a strong antenatal intention to breastfeed and were expecting their first baby. The interviews were collected during the UK-based Assets-based feeding help Before and After birth (ABA) feasibility trial when their infant was aged between 4 and 21 weeks. Categorical content analysis was used to explore the interrelationships between key factors and to identify different infant feeding typologies. Two different typologies emerged: "disappointed" (n = 7) and "by hook or by crook" (n = 17). "Disappointed" women had stopped breastfeeding early; women classified as "by hook or by crook" continued breastfeeding despite facing challenges. Sociodemographic, social, and service level differences between the typologies were noted. "Disappointed" women were more likely to be younger, White-British, to have considered mixed-feeding antenatally and experienced negative breastfeeding support from healthcare professionals and personal networks. Infants of "disappointed" women were more likely to have received unexpected "top-ups" and to be perceived as having infant feeding difficulties. Women classified as "by hook or by crook" were just as likely as "disappointed" women to experience birth-related complications, but demonstrated more proactive help-seeking behaviors, had positive experiences of personal/professional support and accessed wider support. While further research is needed to consolidate and/or refute the typologies, the ecological approach shifts the focus away from mothers' decisions to consider the multi-level factors that need to be in place to enable women to breastfeed successfully. Further work to encourage help-seeking behaviors and toward improving facilities, support, and services is needed.

Fatores críticos de sucesso em inovação de serviços por meio do Design Thinking

O serviço possui papel de protagonista no contexto mercadológico atual. Para manter este destaque, o foco em inovação e sucesso são pontos essenciais para o desenvolvimento dos serviços. O design thinking surge como uma estrutura para aperfeiçoar os serviços e promover a inovação. Porém, faz-se necessário verificar o sucesso que essa metodologia proporciona aos serviços. Sendo assim, esta pesquisa buscou avaliar quais são os fatores críticos de sucesso presentes em casos de desenvolvimento de serviços que utilizaram a metodologia do design thinking. Treze fatores críticos de sucesso foram avaliados por meio da técnica de análise de conteúdo em vinte quatro casos de desenvolvimento de serviços que usaram a metodologia do design thinking. Como resultado, foi verificada a presença de todos os fatores críticos nos casos, reforçando a grande orientação para sucesso que o design thinking possui em inovação de serviços. Destaca-se ainda o foco nas necessidades de mercado, a utilização de recursos tecnológicos e a orientação para gestão de projetos como os principais fatores. Esta pesquisa contribuiu para o âmbito prático da inovação em serviços, tendo como limitações a definição de outros fatores críticos de sucessos não abarcados na teoria e casos não analisados de outras consultorias.

COVID-19 in Brazil: Are there any differences in Mental Health Literacy between young and aged men?

OBJECTIVE

to analyze the Mental Health Literacy of young and aged men living in Brazil in the COVID-19 pandemic context.

METHOD

a qualitative study conducted with 87 men by means of an asynchronous online survey. The data were processed in the NVIVO12® software, structured with the Collective Subject Discourse method and analyzed through Anthony Jorm's theoretical concept of Mental Health Literacy.

RESULTS

six central ideas emerged from the analysis of a synthesis discourse on the components of the Mental Health Literacy, namely: Ability to recognize specific disorders or different types of psychological distress; Knowledge and beliefs about risk factors and causes; Knowledge and beliefs about self-help interventions; Knowledge and beliefs about available professional help; Attitudes that facilitate recognition and the search for adequate help; and Knowledge on how to seek information on mental health.

CONCLUSION

there are differences in the mental health literacy of young and aged men living in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic. Aged men were more competent for mental health care management and protection than young men, in relation to the Mental Health Literacy levels.

Resilience and Systems—A Review

This paper presents, from a systems orientation, a review of the resilience literature since its emergence as an ecological concept in academic parlance in 1973. It argues that much of the resilience literature covers existing ground in that existing engineering systems stability ideas are being reinvented. The review follows modern control systems theory as the comparison framework, where each system, irrespective of its disciplinary association, is represented in terms of inputs, state, and outputs. Modern control systems theory is adopted because of its cohesiveness and universality. The review reveals that resilience can be thought of in terms of adaptive systems and adaptation, where the system has the ability to respond to perturbations and changes through passive and active feedback mechanisms—returning the system state or system form to a starting position or transitioning to another suitable state or form. This systematic and cross-disciplinary review offers the potential for a greater understanding of resilience and the elimination of overlap in the literature, particularly related to terminology.

Body image and association with BMI, and purgative behaviours for weight control in adolescents aged 11-14 years

We aimed to evaluate the association of overweight/obesity based in BMI and purgative behaviours with body image (BI). Methods: Cross-sectional study, with probabilistic sample of 976 adolescents, aged 11-14 years, from the city of Florianópolis, Brazil. Multivariate analyses were performed. Overweight (including obesity) and four variables related to purgative methods for body weight control or eating behaviour were evaluated as outcomes, while BI satisfaction was the primary independent variable in each model. Models were controlled for age, sex, type of school (public or private), intake of fruit and vegetables, number of daily meals, and physical activity scores levels. A total of 31·4 % of adolescents wanted to enlarge their silhouette and 45·6 % wanted to reduce it. Among overweight/obese adolescents, 9·6 % were satisfied with their bodies, while 89·8 % wanted to reduce it, while among the not overweight/obese adolescents, 45·4 % wanted to enlarge their silhouette (P < 0·001). Multivariate analysis showed that the odds for overweight/obesity is higher among adolescents who wanted to reduce their silhouette (OR = 11·20; 95 % CI = 5·55, 22·58). Adolescents who want to reduce their silhouette are more likely to use diuretics (OR = 3·08; CI = 1·78, 5·32) and to use laxatives (OR = 2·10; CI = 1·20, 3·68). A significant association was also found between dissatisfaction with BI and overeating (among those who want to enlarge their silhouette: OR = 1·78; CI = 1·12, 2·85 and among those who want to reduce their silhouette: OR = 1·81; CI = 1·03, 3·19). Conclusion: BI dissatisfaction was associated with overweight/obesity, as well with overeating, and the use of purgative methods.

A situational analysis of primary health care centers in Brazil: challenges and opportunities for addressing mental illness and substance use-related stigma

Background:

The detrimental impact of stigma toward people with mental illness and substance use problems (MISUP) is well documented. However, studies focusing on stigma reduction in Latin American primary health care (PHC) contexts are limited. This situational analysis incorporating a socioecological framework aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of MISUP-related stigma in PHC centers in Brazil. The objectives of this analysis are twofold: (1) to understand the current mental health and substance use service delivery context and (2) identify challenges and opportunities for addressing MISUP-related stigma in PHC centers in Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.

Methods:

Environmental scans of four Family Health Units were conducted in early 2018 to explore population needs and service delivery for individuals with MISUP. In addition, a symposium was organized in October 2018 to consult with diverse stakeholders and gather local perspectives about MISUP-related stigma conveyed in PHC settings. NVivo 12 software was used to conduct a thematic analysis of the qualitative data collected from the environmental scans and the symposium consultation.

Results:

Themes identified at the national level in the socioecological framework indicate that political support for national policies related to reducing stigma is limited, particularly regarding social inclusion and the decentralization of mental health services. Themes at the regional, organizational, and interpersonal levels include insufficient mental health expertise and the limited involvement of those with lived experience in decision-making. Suggestions for stigma interventions were provided, including increased contact with individuals with lived experience outside of client-patient interactions, capacity building for professionals, and public education campaigns.

Conclusion:

Increased government support, capacity building, and promoting social inclusion will provide opportunities to reduce stigma and reach marginalized populations. These findings will assist with addressing current gaps in PHC mental health service provision and may inform anti-stigma strategies for Brazil and other Latin American low- and middle-income countries.

Effect of Prematurity and Temperament on the Mother-Infant Interaction

Abstract We evaluated the effect of prematurity and the infant’s temperament on the mother-infant behaviors in the Face-to-Face Still-Face Paradigm (FFSF). The study included 75 mothers and their infants (37 preterm and 38 term) between three and four months of age (corrected age for preterm infants). The mothers responded to a perception scale of the infants’ temperament and the dyads were observed in a structured condition (FFSF). The FFSF Paradigm, divided into three episodes, made it possible to analyze the behaviors of: Positive Social Orientation, Negative Social Orientation and Self-comfort. The averages recorded for these categories were analyzed in a Multivariate ANOVA (factors: prematurity and temperament). Temperament had more effect on maternal and infant behaviors, suggesting that this factor may influence mother-infant interaction. The results can guide possible interventions with families.

Praying for a Miracle Part II: Idiosyncrasies of Spirituality and Its Relations With Religious Expressions in Health

As a continuation of the previous paper, Praying for a Miracle – Negative or Positive Impacts on Health Care, published in this research topic, this second paper aims at delving deeper into the same theme, but now from a simultaneously practical and conceptual approach. With that in mind, we revisit three theoretical models based on evidence, through which we can understand the role of a miracle in hospital settings and assess its impact in health contexts. For each of the models described, we seek to illustrate the possible outcomes of belief in miracles as a modality of religious coping in situations of stress and suffering experienced by patients and caregivers in the face of gloomy diagnoses on coming across the limits of medicine to revert certain illnesses (e.g., child cancer) or biological conditions (e.g., fetal malformation). We posit that the judgment about how such a mechanism is healthy or not for each of the people involved (patient, caregiver, and/or health professional) depends on the modulation between the conception of the miracle adopted by the patient and/or caregiver and the concrete outcomes of the way of responding to the situations that accompany the gravity of the illness or condition. To better understand this process of psychological modulation that accompanies belief in miracles, we revisit the concepts of spirituality, religiosity, and religion, pointing out the connections and distinctions between them from a phenomenological perspective. We then present a conceptual model that takes these connections and distinctions into consideration to foster an understanding of miracles, their relations with the diversity of experiences of people who meet in hospital settings (patients, caregivers, and health professionals), and their respective impacts on healthcare.

Uso de disciplina violenta na infância

Introdução: A reflexão sobre violência familiar contra a criança ganhou destaque internacional nas últimas décadas, acompanhada de políticas para a abolição de atos de disciplina violenta, que ainda permanecem aceitos socialmente e são utilizados por muitos responsáveis. Objetivo: Conhecer as percepções e práticas no âmbito da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) relacionadas à orientação sobre métodos de disciplina em duas unidades no município do Rio de Janeiro. Métodos: Foram abordados 38 profissionais que atuam no atendimento cotidiano às crianças. Procedeu-se à análise de conteúdo dos relatos obtidos por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, e os dados foram organizados nas categorias: “percepção dos profissionais da ESF sobre disciplina infantil” e “práticas sobre disciplina na infância: existem oportunidades de promoção na ESF?” Resultados: Parece ainda não existir abordagem rotineira sobre disciplina infantil em nenhuma das clínicas estudadas, nem são realizadas atividades direcionadas à prevenção de maus-tratos. Os profissionais relacionaram suas experiências pessoais (vivenciadas na própria infância e com seus filhos) com as ações realizadas em sua prática cotidiana. Conclusões: Os relatos sugerem que a abordagem do castigo corporal permanece encoberta nas consultas de puericultura, com perdas de oportunidades de apoio aos pais e de promoção de vínculos familiares positivos. Com base em mudanças significativas na percepção sobre o que se considera violência, os profissionais possam ressignificar suas crenças, ampliando suas ações sobre o tema.

Bem-estar no trabalho: influência do clima organizacional entre trabalhadores hospitalares

Introdução: Bem-estar no trabalho (BET) é uma temática em florescimento que interessa a gestores e acadêmicos. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a influência do clima organizacional no BET de profissionais de saúde de hospital. Método: Foi utilizada uma amostra de conveniência de 182 trabalhadores de diferentes cargos. Resultados: Os resultados da regressão múltipla padrão mostraram que a variável preditora trouxe contribuição significativa para todas as dimensões de BET, sendo maior poder explicativo para afeto positivo (r2 = 0,39, p < 0,005) e a contribuição significativa oriunda das dimensões liderança (β = 0,25; p < 0,005), equipe (β = 0,16; p < 0,005) e desenvolvimento (β = 0,21; p < 0,023). Discussões: Sendo assim, quanto melhor a relação entre a equipe e quanto mais os trabalhadores são estimulados a participarem dos processos, mais eles se sentem motivados. Para isso, é muito importante que o líder reconheça e oriente todos a alcançar estes objetivos. Conclusões: Os achados são cotejados com a literatura.

Cultural adaptation of the mental health first aid guidelines for assisting a person at risk of suicide in Brazil: a Delphi expert consensus study

BACKGROUND

Suicide is a major public health concern in Brazil, with nearly 115,000 Brazilians dying by suicide in 2010-2019. As support for individuals at risk of suicide may come from the community, particularly family and friends, it is fundamental that evidence-based programs or resources to improve such support are in place when needed. This study aimed to culturally adapt the mental health first aid guidelines for assisting a person at risk of suicide used in English-speaking countries for Brazil.

METHODS

A Delphi expert consensus study was conducted among a diverse range of Brazilian health professionals and individuals with lived experience of suicide (n = 60). A total of 161 items from the mental health first aid questionnaire used in English-speaking countries were translated and used in the Brazilian questionnaire. Participants were asked to rate the appropriateness of those items to the Brazilian culture and to recommend any new items when appropriate.

RESULTS

Data were collected over two survey rounds. Consensus was achieved on 145 items. While 123 out of 161 items were adopted from the English guidelines, 22 new endorsed items were created from the expert panel comments.

CONCLUSIONS

Even though there were similarities among the Brazilian and English-language guidelines, the adapted guidelines incorporated actions that were specific to the Brazilian culture, such as new items emphasising the role of family and friends. Further research is warranted on dissemination and uptake of the guidelines in Brazil as well as research into incorporation of the guidelines into Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) training for Brazil.

Práticas Psicoeducativas: Contribuições do Psicólogo na Atenção Primária

A psicoeducação visa ensinar o indivíduo sobre ações preventivas ou terapêuticas. O objetivo da pesquisa foi identificar modos de utilização de intervenções psicoeducativas na atenção primária de municípios do Rio de Janeiro. Vinte e uma psicólogas responderam a dois questionários, um deles sobre formação e atuação profissional e o outro com questões relacionadas ao uso da psicoeducação. Sete destas profissionais participaram de entrevistas semiestruturadas para aprofundamento de suas respostas. Os dados do questionário foram submetidos à análise estatística descritiva, e os relatos das entrevistas foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo. Orientar sobre questões emocionais e para o autocuidado foram finalidades atribuídas à psicoeducação, que era empregada de modo individual e grupal, tanto em consultórios como em salas de espera e em ações no território, com segmentos variados da população. O estudo mostrou aspectos importantes para fortalecer práticas de psicoeducação, incluindo gestão dinâmica do processo e atenção à realidade das comunidades.

Sintomas de Ansiedade e Depressão em Pacientes no Pré-Operatório Cardíaco

A cirurgia cardíaca tem fortalecido o elo Psicologia-Cardiologia, visto que frequentemente os pacientes apresentam sintomas de ansiedade, depressão e medo diante dessa condição. A pesquisa buscou analisar a ocorrência de sintomas de ansiedade e depressão em pacientes no pré-cirúrgico cardíaco em um hospital universitário. Trata-se de um estudo de campo, quantitativo, analítico e transversal, com amostra de 32 pacientes em pré-operatório cardíaco, aplicaram-se dois instrumentais: o Questionário Sociodemográfico e Clínico e a Escala Hospitalar de Ansiedade e Depressão.  Analisaram-se os dados por meio do software R versão 3.5.1, e foram discutidos com base em estudos da literatura afim. Percebeu-se a maior frequência dos sintomas de ansiedade que sintomas de depressão, havendo uma associação estatisticamente significativa entre sintomas ansiosos e o sexo feminino. Mostram-se importantes, pesquisas que busquem avaliar os aspectos psicológicos nesse período visando fornecer meios de auxílio à equipe médica e multidisciplinar nos cuidados aos pacientes cardíacos. 

Prematuridade em Foco: Estudo Descritivo e Correlacional

Este estudo buscou: a) descrever e correlacionar as ocorrências de partos prematuros em um hospital universitário de Mato Grosso do Sul, no período de um ano; e b) descrever os sentimentos relatados pelas mães durante a internação. Foram visitadas 1.532 mães, sendo 283 com parto prematuro. As mães de bebês pré-termo internados após o parto foram convidadas a responder um questionário sobre os sentimentos gerados pela internação e 25 aceitaram. Os dados foram analisados por estatística descritiva e correlação de Spearman. A prevalência de prematuridade foi de 18,5%, sendo superior ao indicado pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS). A idade materna mais elevada esteve correlacionada à maior ocorrência de prematuridade e cesariana. A maioria das participantes relatou sentimentos negativos antes e durante a internação, contudo, elas apresentam expectativas positivas após a alta.

Development of analytical method for the determination of methylphenidate, the analog ethylphenidate and their metabolite ritalinic acid in oral fluid samples by micro-QuEChERS and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

The aim of this study was to develop a quantitative method for the analysis of methylphenidate, the analog ethylphenidate and their metabolite ritalinic acid in oral fluid, using micro-QuEChERS extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Oral fluid samples were collected with Quantisal™ device, extracted by micro-QuEChERS technique and analyzed by LC-MS/MS. The developed method met the validation criteria of Academy Standards Board (ASB) Standard Practices for Method Validation in Forensic Toxicology (Standard 036, 2019) with limits of detection and quantification of 0.5 ng/mL and calibration curve from 0.5 to 50 ng/mL. Within-run imprecision was greater than 18.7% while between-run imprecision was greater than 17.0 % for all analytes. Bias did not vary more than 7.7 %. No evidence of carryover was found. Stability studies presented satisfactory results for 24 h on autosampler (10 °C), after 3 cycles of freeze/thaw, 7 days on freezer (-20 °C) and until 7 days on refrigerator (4 °C) for methylphenidate. The validated method was further successfully applied to the analysis of 5 authentic oral fluid samples collected from volunteers at parties and music festivals from different cities in Brazil. Four samples had positive results for methylphenidate and ritalinic acid, and only one sample was positive for methylphenidate. Ethylphenidate was not detected in the samples. The method showed acceptable analytical performance and is environmentally friendly, requiring reduced use of solvents and reagents, with potential to be applied to clinical and forensic analyses.

Sociohistorical Analysis of Normative Standards of Masculinity in the Pandemic of COVID-19: Impacts on Men's Health/Mental Health

Objective

This study aims to analyze sociohistorically how the normative patterns of hegemonic masculinity produced impacts on men’s health/mental health in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

A qualitative study from a socio-historical perspective was conducted with 50 men based on an online survey. A semistructured form was applied. The data were analyzed by the Collective Subject Discourse method, interpreted in the light of the context of epidemic disease and hegemonic masculinity.

Results

The experience of the pandemic exposed the normative patterns of masculinities from the consummation of acts representative of the pandemic context, which incited men to deny the existence of COVID-19 disease and to delay the understanding and adoption of measures to protect and control COVID-19. As a repercussion, men presented conflicts in the regulation of emotions; presented emotional suppression; were more reactive; felt threatened regarding the loss of the role of family provider, virility; and revealed a sense of invulnerability, added to the weakening of self-care.

Conclusion

The discourse revealed that the men’s behaviors are consistent with the characteristics of hegemonic masculinity, but express signs of recognition that this behavior causes harm to themselves and their health.

Beliefs Toward Cure of Homosexuality Scale: Evidence for Factor Structure

Abstract This study aimed to confirm the multifactorial structure of the Beliefs Toward Cure of Homosexuality Scale (BTCHS) - (ECCH in Portuguese) and to verify evidence of its validity based on external variables. To this end, two studies were carried out. In Study 1, there were 214 university students, with an average age of 24 years (SD = 9.15). These students answered the HCBS and demographic questions. The results indicated a satisfactory fit for multifactorial modeling. Study 2, in turn, presented 430 university students with an average age of 23 years (SD = 7.90). In addition to the HCBS, the participants responded to the measures of sexual prejudice (MSP) and attitudes towards gays and lesbians (ATGL) questionnaires. Performing correlation analyses between the variables, we found significant correlations between the HCBS and the MSP and ATGL. In conclusion, the HCBS presented an adequate data-model fit for its multifactorial structure and evidence for its validity based on external variables.