14951
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Shiozaki A, Nako Y, Ichikawa D, Konishi H, Komatsu S, Kubota T, Fujiwara H, Okamoto K, Kishimoto M, Marunaka Y, Otsuji E. Role of the Na +/K +/2Cl - cotransporter NKCC1 in cell cycle progression in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:6844-6859. [PMID: 24944475 PMCID: PMC4051924 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i22.6844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the role of Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransporter 1 (NKCC1) in the regulation of genes involved in cell cycle progression and the clinicopathological significance of its expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).
METHODS: An immunohistochemical analysis was performed on 68 primary tumor samples obtained from ESCC patients that underwent esophagectomy. NKCC1 expression in human ESCC cell lines was analyzed by Western blotting. Knockdown experiments were conducted using NKCC1 small interfering RNA, and the effects on cell cycle progression were analyzed. The gene expression profiles of cells were analyzed by microarray analysis.
RESULTS: Immunohistochemical staining showed that NKCC1 was primarily found in the cytoplasm of carcinoma cells and that its expression was related to the histological degree of differentiation of SCC. NKCC1 was highly expressed in KYSE170 cells. Depletion of NKCC1 in these cells inhibited cell proliferation via G2/M phase arrest. Microarray analysis identified 2527 genes with altered expression levels in NKCC1depleted KYSE170. Pathway analysis showed that the top-ranked canonical pathway was the G2/M DNA damage checkpoint regulation pathway, which involves MAD2L1, DTL, BLM, CDC20, BRCA1, and E2F5.
CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the expression of NKCC1 in ESCC may affect the G2/M checkpoint and may be related to the degree of histological differentiation of SCCs. We have provided a deeper understanding of the role of NKCC1 as a mediator and/or a biomarker in ESCC.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Blotting, Western
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics
- Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation
- Esophageal Neoplasms/genetics
- Esophageal Neoplasms/metabolism
- Esophageal Neoplasms/pathology
- Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
- Female
- G2 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints/drug effects
- Gene Expression Profiling/methods
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Gene Regulatory Networks
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- RNA Interference
- Signal Transduction
- Sodium Potassium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Solute Carrier Family 12, Member 2/drug effects
- Solute Carrier Family 12, Member 2/genetics
- Solute Carrier Family 12, Member 2/metabolism
- Transfection
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14952
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Increased expression of phospho-acetyl-CoA carboxylase protein is an independent prognostic factor for human gastric cancer without lymph node metastasis. Med Oncol 2014; 31:15. [PMID: 24924473 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-014-0015-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Upregulation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), as a rate-limiting enzyme of fatty acid synthesis,has been recognized in multiple human cancers, implicating a critical role in cancer development and progression; yet, its role in gastric cancer still remains unclear. In the present study, we detected ACC and phosphorylated form of ACC (pACC) expression in gastric cancers and explored its clinical significance. Tissue microarray blocks containing primary gastric cancer and adjacent normal mucosa specimens obtained from 1,072 Chinese patients were used for the detection of ACC and pACC expression by immunohistochemistry. Gastric cancer cell lines were treated by metformin, and pACC was measured by Western blotting. ACC overexpression was observed in all the tumor specimens. High expression of pACC was found in 630 (58.8 %) of the 1,072 primary tumors and in 237 (66.6 %) of the 356 primary tumors without lymph node metastasis. Absent/low expression of pACC significantly correlated with advanced T stage (P < 0.001), tumor size (P = 0.010), lymph node metastasis (P < 0.001), advanced disease stage (P < 0.001), and poor histological differentiation (P = 0.014) in 1,072 primary tumors, and with advanced T stage (P = 0.015), tumor size (P = 0.017), and poor histological differentiation (P = 0.001) in 356 tumors without lymph node metastasis. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that high expression of pACC is strongly related to better survival rates in all gastric cancer patients (P = 0.006). Cox regression analysis revealed that pACC is an independent prognostic factor only in patients without lymph node metastasis (P = 0.016). Metformin treatment leaded to increased expression of pACC, which, in turn, resulted in the reduction of cell proliferation and colony formation of gastric cancer cells (P < 0.05). Increased activation of ACC is frequent in human gastric cancer, and downregulation of pACC is an important prognostic factor, suggesting that ACC/pACC might be a potential target for cancer intervention.
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14953
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Alsidawi S, Malek E, Driscoll JJ. MicroRNAs in brain metastases: potential role as diagnostics and therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:10508-26. [PMID: 24921708 PMCID: PMC4100165 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150610508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain metastases remain a daunting adversary that negatively impact patient survival. Metastatic brain tumors affect up to 45% of all cancer patients with systemic cancer and account for ~20% of all cancer-related deaths. A complex network of non-coding RNA molecules, microRNAs (miRNAs), regulate tumor metastasis. The brain micro-environment modulates metastatic tumor growth; however, defining the precise genetic events that promote metastasis in the brain niche represents an important, unresolved problem. Understanding these events will reveal disease-based targets and offer effective strategies to treat brain metastases. Effective therapeutic strategies based upon the biology of brain metastases represent an urgent, unmet need with immediate potential for clinical impact. Studies have demonstrated the ability of miRNAs to distinguish normal from cancerous cells, primary from secondary brain tumors, and correctly categorize metastatic brain tumor tissue of origin based solely on miRNA profiles. Interestingly, manipulation of miRNAs has proven effective in cancer treatment. With the promise of reduced toxicity, increased efficacy and individually directed personalized anti-cancer therapy, using miRNA in the treatment of metastatic brain tumors may prove very useful and improve patient outcome. In this review, we focus on the potential of miRNAs as diagnostic and therapeutic targets for the treatment of metastatic brain lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer Alsidawi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
| | - Ehsan Malek
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
| | - James J Driscoll
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
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14954
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Decreased ITIH5 expression is associated with poor prognosis in primary gastric cancer. Med Oncol 2014; 31:53. [PMID: 24913813 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-014-0053-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Inter-α-trypsin inhibitors (ITIs) are a family of serine protease inhibitors that comprise one light chain and a variable set of heavy chains (ITI heavy chains, ITIHs). ITIH5 is a new member of the ITIH family that contains two domains conserved in all known ITIHs: vault protein IT and von Willebrand type A. Recent studies suggest that ITIH5 expression may be altered in certain types of cancer. This study aimed to investigate ITIH5 expression in clinical tumor specimens from gastric cancer patients and its prognostic value for gastric cancer. ITIH5 expression was detected in fresh gastric cancer tissues (T) and the matched adjacent non-tumor tissues (ANT) using real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and Western blotting. ITIH5 expression was retrospectively detected in 331 paraffin-embedded, banked samples using immunohistochemical staining. ITIH5 mRNA and protein expression was significantly downregulated in gastric cancer tissues compared to the ANT. There was a significant association between ITIH5 expression and histological grade (P = 0.020), N classification (P = 0.047), and clinical stage (P = 0.011). Patients with low ITIH5 expression had shorter survival compared to those with high ITIH5 expression. Multivariate analysis showed that ITIH5 expression was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival of gastric cancer patients (P = 0.034). Our data suggest that ITIH5 could play an important role in gastric cancer and may serve as a valuable prognostic biomarker and potential molecular therapy target for gastric cancer.
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14955
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Hagymási K, Tulassay Z. Helicobacter pylori infection: New pathogenetic and clinical aspects. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:6386-6399. [PMID: 24914360 PMCID: PMC4047324 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i21.6386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Revised: 11/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infects more than half of the world’s human population, but only 1% to 3% of infected people consequently develop gastric adenocarcinomas. The clinical outcome of the infection is determined by host genetic predisposition, bacterial virulence factors, and environmental factors. The association between H. pylori infection and chronic active gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, gastric cell carcinoma, and B cell mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma has been well established. With the exception of unexplained iron deficiency anemia and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, H. pylori infection has no proven role in extraintestinal diseases. On the other hand, there is data showing that H. pylori infection could be beneficial for some human diseases. The unpredictability of the long-term consequences of H. pylori infection and the economic challenge in eradicating it is why identification of high-risk individuals is crucial.
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14956
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Abdelwahab M, El Nakeeb A, Salah T, Hamed H, Ali M, El Sorogy M, Shehta A, Ezatt H, Sultan AM, Zalata K. Hilar cholangiocarcinoma in cirrhotic liver: a case-control study. Int J Surg 2014; 12:762-7. [PMID: 24909136 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2014.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 04/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgical resection is the only hope for patients with cholangiocarcinoma (CC). This study is designed to assess the impact of cirrhosis on the outcome of surgical management for CC. PATIENT AND METHODS We retrospectively studied all patients who underwent surgical resection for hilar CC. Group I (patients with cirrhotic liver) and Group II (patients with non-cirrhotic liver). Preoperative demographic data, intra-operative data, and postoperative details were collected. RESULTS Only 102/243 patients (41.9%) had cirrhotic liver. Caudate lobe resection was more frequently performed in the non-cirrhotic group (P = <0.001). There was no difference between both groups regarding intraoperative blood loss and the need for blood transfusion. The median postoperative stay was higher in the cirrhotic group (P = 0.063). The incidence of early postoperative liver cell failure was significantly higher in the cirrhotic group (P = <0.001). Cirrhosis was associated with significantly lower overall survival (P = <0.001). CONCLUSION Patients with concomitant liver cirrhosis and hilar CC should not be precluded from surgical resection and should be considered for resection at high volume centers with expertise available to manage liver cirrhosis. The incidence of early postoperative liver cell failure was significantly higher in the cirrhotic group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ayman El Nakeeb
- Gastroenterology Surgical Center, Mansoura University, 35516, Egypt.
| | - Tarek Salah
- Gastroenterology Surgical Center, Mansoura University, 35516, Egypt
| | - Hosam Hamed
- Gastroenterology Surgical Center, Mansoura University, 35516, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Ali
- Gastroenterology Surgical Center, Mansoura University, 35516, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed Shehta
- Gastroenterology Surgical Center, Mansoura University, 35516, Egypt
| | - Helmy Ezatt
- Gastroenterology Surgical Center, Mansoura University, 35516, Egypt
| | - Ahmad M Sultan
- Gastroenterology Surgical Center, Mansoura University, 35516, Egypt
| | - Khaleed Zalata
- Gastroenterology Surgical Center, Pathology Department, Egypt
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14957
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Senatore FJ, Ynson ML, Dasanu CA. Adenocarcinoma of the ampulla of Vater: what treatment options are available? J Oncol Pharm Pract 2014; 21:364-9. [PMID: 24906539 DOI: 10.1177/1078155214538086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The scientific literature on adenocarcinoma of the ampulla (papilla) of Vater suggests that it either represents a distinct entity or is more closely related to small bowel adenocarcinoma than to the biliary malignancies. The ambiguity surrounding this rare cancer has kindled research exploring its immunohistochemistry aspects and gene expression profiling. While the basis of management for resectable disease remains surgical intervention, the role of adjuvant chemotherapy is not clear. A recent large phase 3 clinical trial conducted in patients with resected ampulla of Vater adenocarcinoma favored adjuvant chemotherapy over observation alone. The standards of therapy for the advanced small bowel adenocarcinoma and biliary cancer are fluoropyrimidine derivatives and gemcitabine-based combinations, respectively. In addition, new biologic and targeted agents may enhance clinical results seen in this cancer type. Therefore, diligently designed clinical trials are necessary to establish its optimal treatment strategies. We describe herein a patient with ampulla of Vater adenocarcinoma who had an exceptional response to fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy. We further include a discussion reviewing the clinicopathologic aspects of this neoplasm as well as focus on currently available and future therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank J Senatore
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, USA
| | - Marie L Ynson
- Department of Medicine, Saint Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Hartford, USA
| | - Constantin A Dasanu
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Saint Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Hartford, USA
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14958
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Govil S, Reddy MS, Rela M. Surgical resection techniques for locally advanced hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2014; 399:707-16. [DOI: 10.1007/s00423-014-1216-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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14959
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Vogl TJ, Farshid P, Naguib NNN, Darvishi A, Bazrafshan B, Mbalisike E, Burkhard T, Zangos S. Thermal ablation of liver metastases from colorectal cancer: radiofrequency, microwave and laser ablation therapies. Radiol Med 2014; 119:451-61. [PMID: 24894923 DOI: 10.1007/s11547-014-0415-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Surgery is currently considered the treatment of choice for patients with colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRLM) when resectable. The majority of these patients can also benefit from systemic chemotherapy. Recently, local or regional therapies such as thermal ablations have been used with acceptable outcomes. We searched the medical literature to identify studies and reviews relevant to radiofrequency (RF) ablation, microwave (MW) ablation and laser-induced thermotherapy (LITT) in terms of local progression, survival indexes and major complications in patients with CRLM. Reviewed literature showed a local progression rate between 2.8 and 29.7 % of RF-ablated liver lesions at 12-49 months follow-up, 2.7-12.5 % of MW ablated lesions at 5-19 months follow-up and 5.2 % of lesions treated with LITT at 6-month follow-up. Major complications were observed in 4-33 % of patients treated with RF ablation, 0-19 % of patients treated with MW ablation and 0.1-3.5 % of lesions treated with LITT. Although not significantly different, the mean of 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates for RF-, MW- and laser ablated lesions was (92.6, 44.7, 31.1 %), (79, 38.6, 21 %) and (94.2, 61.5, 29.2 %), respectively. The median survival in these methods was 33.2, 29.5 and 33.7 months, respectively. Thermal ablation may be an appropriate alternative in patients with CRLM who have inoperable liver lesions or have operable lesions as an adjunct to resection. However, further competitive evaluation should clarify the efficacy and priority of these therapies in patients with colorectal cancer liver metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Vogl
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany,
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14960
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Liu XY, Xu JF. Liver resection for young patients with large hepatocellular carcinoma: a single center experience from China. World J Surg Oncol 2014; 12:175. [PMID: 24894964 PMCID: PMC4049471 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-12-175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To investigate retrospectively the clinicopathological characteristics and outcomes of young patients with large hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatectomy. Methods From January 2003 to December 2012, a total of 153 patients with large hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who received liver resection were included in the study. The clinicopathological features were analyzed retrospectively. The perioperative data were compared between those aged <40 years (the young group) and those aged >40 years (the older group). Prognostic factors and long-term survival were evaluated. Results The young group had more hepatitis B virus-related HCC than the older group (87.2% vs 66.3%, P = 0.031). In the young group, 15 patients (21.5%) were overweight (body mass index 25 to 29.9 kg/m2) or obese (body mass index ≥30 kg/m2), and 38 patients (45.8%) were overweight or obese in the older group (P = 0.032). Other clinicopathological characteristics were similar between the two groups. The perioperative data showed that the older group had more pulmonary infection after hepatectomy. Vascular invasion and high Edmondson-Steiner grade were the independent prognostic factors for long-term survival. There was no statistical difference between the young group and the older group in overall survival and disease-free survival (P = 0.109 and P = 0.087, respectively). Conclusions Liver resection for young patients with large HCC was safe and efficacious and should be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jiang-feng Xu
- Department of surgery, Yiwu Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, east building in huajiachi campus,kaixuan road 268, 310020 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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14961
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Yanagisawa N, Hana K, Nakada N, Ichinoe M, Koizumi W, Endou H, Okayasu I, Murakumo Y. High expression of L-type amino acid transporter 1 as a prognostic marker in bile duct adenocarcinomas. Cancer Med 2014; 3:1246-55. [PMID: 24890221 PMCID: PMC4302674 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncocytic L-type amino acid transporter (LAT) 1 may be a prognostic indicator and target of new molecular therapeutic agents against malignancies. To investigate whether LAT1 expression influence the outcomes of patients with bile duct cancer, the expression of LAT1, LAT2, CD98, and Ki-67 was investigated immunohistochemically in 134 surgically resected bile duct adenocarcinomas, including 84 distal extrahepatic bile duct adenocarcinomas, 21 hilar cholangiocarcinomas, 15 intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas, and 14 ampullary adenocarcinomas. LAT1 expression was weakly correlated with CD98 expression and Ki-67 labeling index (LI). Kaplan–Meier analysis showed a significant difference in prognosis between patients with bile duct adenocarcinomas having LAT1-high and -low scores, whereas LAT2 and CD98 expression and Ki-67 LI were not predictive of poor prognosis. Prognosis tended to be worse in patients having tumors with LAT1-high/LAT2-low than LAT1-low/LAT2-high scores (P = 0.0686). Multivariable analyses revealed that LAT1 expression, surgical margin, pT stage were independent prognostic factors. In conclusion, aberrant overexpression of LAT1 in bile duct adenocarcinoma predicts poor prognosis, suggesting that LAT1 may be a potential target of anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Yanagisawa
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan; Department of Pathology of Biological Responses, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
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14962
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Ding Z, Wu H, Zhang J, Huang G, Ji D. MicroRNAs as novel biomarkers for pancreatic cancer diagnosis: a meta-analysis based on 18 articles. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:8837-48. [PMID: 24880590 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2133-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated microRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to be associated with pancreatic cancer (PaC), suggesting that they may serve as useful novel diagnostic biomarkers for PaC. Various studies have been performed to investigate the diagnostic value of miRNAs for PaC but have obtained conflicting results. Therefore, this meta-analysis aims to comprehensively and quantitatively evaluate the potential diagnostic value of miRNAs for PaC. We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure for publications concerning the diagnostic value of miRNAs for PaC without language restriction. The quality of each study was scored using the revised Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2). The summary receiver operator characteristic curve and other parameters were applied to check the overall test performance. Heterogeneity was tested with the I (2) test and publication bias was tested with the Deek's funnel plot asymmetry test. This meta-analysis included 18 articles with a total of 2,036 patients and 1,444 controls. The pooled sensitivity was 82 % (95 % CI, 78-86 %); the specificity was 77 % (95 % CI, 73-81 %); the PLR was 3.6 (95 % CI, 3.0-4.4); the NLR was 0.23 (95 % CI, 0.18-0.29); the DOR was 16 (95 % CI, 10-24); and the AUC was 0.86 (95 % CI, 0.83-0.89). Subgroups analyses were also performed and revealed that there were significant differences between some subgroups: the multiple-miRNAs profiling-based assays, non-blood-based assays, and healthy control-based studies all showed higher accuracies in diagnosing PaC than that of their counterparts. This meta-analysis suggests that the use of miRNAs has potential diagnostic value with a relatively high sensitivity and specificity for PaC, particularly the use of multiple miRNAs for discriminating PaC patients from healthy individuals. More prospective studies on the diagnostic value of miRNAs for PaC are needed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyang Ding
- Department of General Surgery, Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 299, Qingyang Road, Wuxi, 214023, China
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14963
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Can hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy efficiency be improved by blocking the DNA repair factor COP9 signalosome? Int J Colorectal Dis 2014; 29:673-80. [PMID: 24728517 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-014-1861-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE A frequently used chemotherapeutic agent in hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is mitomycin C (MMC) which induces DNA damage and apoptosis in tumor cells. In addition, MMC activates DNA damage response (DDR) leading to repair mechanisms counteracting the effect of chemotherapy. COP9 signalosome (CSN) positively influences the DDR pathway by its intrinsic deneddylating and associated kinase activities. In an in vitro HIPEC model, we studied the impact of curcumin, an inhibitor of CSN-associated kinases, and of the microRNA (miRNA) let-7a-1, an inhibitor of CSN subunit expression, on the MMC-induced apoptosis in human HT29 colon cancer cells. METHODS Cells were incubated at 37 °C and indicated concentrations of MMC in a medium preheated to 42 °C as under HIPEC conditions for 1 or 4 h. HT29 cells were cotreated with 50 μM curcumin or transfected with let-7a-1 miRNA mimic. After incubation, cells were analyzed by Western blotting, densitometry, and caspase-3 ELISA. RESULTS An increase of CSN subunits in response to MMC treatment was detected. Apoptosis was only measured after 4 h with 50 μM MMC. MMC-induced apoptosis was elevated by cotreatment with curcumin. Transfection of HT29 cells with let-7a-1 reduced the expression of tested CSN subunits associated with the accumulation of the pro-apoptotic factors p27 and p53. CONCLUSIONS In response to MMC treatment, the CSN is elevated as a regulator of DDR retarding apoptosis in tumor cells. The therapeutic effect of HIPEC can be increased by inhibiting CSN-associated kinases via curcumin or by blocking CSN expression with let-7a-1 miRNA.
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14964
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14965
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Gong J, Cao Y, Li Y, Zhang G, Wang P, Luo G. Hand-assisted laparoscopic versus laparoscopy-assisted D2 radical gastrectomy: a prospective study. Surg Endosc 2014; 28:2998-3006. [PMID: 24879135 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-014-3566-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUD The feasibility and safety of Hand-assisted laparoscopic D2 radical gastrectomy (HALG) have been seldom reported, also, benefits and outcomes are not defined. METHODS We performed a comprehensive and in-depth comparative analysis of the general information, the intraoperative data and postoperative data in the Group HALG and the Group laparoscopy-assisted D2 radical gastrectomy (LAG). RESULTS The general data of HALG and LAG were no differences (P > 0.05); the blood loss and unexpected injury were similar(P > 0.05); the operative time, the incision length, the number of lymph nodes recovered, the rate of procedure conversion, the amount of postoperative complications, and the length of postoperative hospital stay of Group HALG were prior to that of Group LAG(P < 0.05); there were no differences for the pain score after day 2, the recovery time of intestinal function, the rate of reoperation, the 30-day hospital and readmission rate(P > 0.05); and there were significant linear correlations between the length of postoperative hospital stay and the operative time for both groups(P = 0.00). CONCLUSION Compared with LAG, HALG had similar features of being minimally invasive and radical in treating gastric cancers, and HALG was safer than LAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- JiaQing Gong
- Department of General Surgery, The People's Liberation Army General Hospital of ChengDu Command, ChengDu, 610083, Sichuan Province, China,
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14966
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Mahmoodzadeh H, Shoar S, Sirati F, Khorgami Z. Early initiation of oral feeding following upper gastrointestinal tumor surgery: a randomized controlled trial. Surg Today 2014; 45:203-8. [PMID: 24875466 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-014-0937-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite increasing trends toward the early initiation of oral feeding after gastrointestinal (GI) surgeries, current evidence has not been convincing. The present randomized clinical trial aimed to compare the clinical outcomes of early oral feeding (EOF) with late oral feeding (LOF) following surgery for upper GI tumors. METHODS One hundred and nine consecutive patients with esophageal or gastric tumors undergoing surgical resection in two hospitals in Tehran, Iran, were enrolled in this prospective randomized controlled trial, and were randomly assigned to a group starting EOF on the first postoperative day and another group that remained nil by mouth until the return of bowel sounds (LOF group). The clinical and surgical outcomes were compared between the two groups. RESULTS The clinical outcomes were significantly better in the patients in the EOF group (p < 0.05). Repeated nil per os (14.8 vs. 30.9 %) and re-hospitalization (1.8 vs. 7.3 %) were more common in LOF group (p < 0.0001). Additionally, gas passage, nasogastric tube (NGT) discharge, a decrease in intravenous serum to less than 1000 ml per day, the time to start a soft diet and hospital discharge following surgery occurred significantly earlier in the EOF group than in the LOF group (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Early oral feeding after the surgical resection of esophageal and gastric tumors is safe, and is associated with favorable early in-hospital outcomes and a sooner return to physiological GI function and hospital discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habibollah Mahmoodzadeh
- Cancer Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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14967
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Ishi Y, Nakayama N, Kobayashi H, Yamaguchi S, Terasaka S, Houkin K. Successful Removal of a Metastatic Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor in the Craniovertebral Junction using an Occipital Artery to Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery Bypass. Case Rep Neurol 2014; 6:139-43. [PMID: 24987360 PMCID: PMC4067717 DOI: 10.1159/000362867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are rare mesenchymal neoplasms arising from the gastrointestinal tract. The authors present a case of the successful removal of a metastatic GIST in the craniovertebral junction, using an occipital artery to posterior inferior cerebellar artery (OA-PICA) bypass. The patient is a 54-year-old male who underwent his first surgery for a small-bowel tumor at the age of 45 and was diagnosed with GIST. Nine years after his primary diagnosis, the patient suffered from severe neck pain. MRI demonstrated a large demarcated mass adjacent to the right atlas. The right vertebral artery (VA), completely engulfed by the tumor, showed a narrowing and ended in the PICA. Poor collateral blood supply in the right PICA territory was presumed. To prevent ischemic complications, an OA-PICA bypass was performed prior to the tumor resection. After the OA-PICA bypass, the tumor associated with the right VA was successfully removed, and the patient was discharged without any neurological deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukitomo Ishi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Naoki Nakayama
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kobayashi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shigeru Yamaguchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Terasaka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kiyohiro Houkin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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14968
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Sabino FD, Campos CFF, Caetano CER, Trotte MNS, Oliveira AV, Marques RG. Effects of TachoSil and 5-fluorouracil on colonic anastomotic healing. J Surg Res 2014; 192:375-82. [PMID: 24976442 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2014.05.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The administration of intraperitoneal (IP) 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) during the early postoperative period after cytoreductive surgery can decrease local cancer recurrence but may also cause impairment of the anastomotic healing. This study examined the effects of the use of this therapy and of the anastomotic sealing with TachoSil, a fibrin-thrombin coated sealant (FTCS), on the healing of colon anastomoses. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty male rats were divided into four groups (1-4, 10 rats each) that underwent transection and anastomosis of the left colon. The anastomoses were covered with FTCS in groups 2 and 4. Saline solution (2 mL/d-groups 1 and 2) or 5-FU (20 mg/kg/d; groups 3 and 4) was administered IP once daily for 3 d. Bursting pressure (BP) was recorded, and the anastomoses were examined macroscopically and graded histologically. RESULTS The relative weight loss was significantly higher in group 3 than in the other groups (P = 0.0004). Anastomotic dehiscence, postoperative adhesion formation, perianastomotic collections, and preanastomotic dilatation did not differ significantly among groups. BP was significantly lower in group 3 compared with all other groups (P = 0.001). Neoangiogenesis was significantly lower in group 3 compared with groups 1 and 2 (P = 0.05). Fibroblastic activity was significantly higher in group 1 compared with group 3 (P = 0.035). Inflammatory cell infiltration and collagen deposition did not differ significantly among groups. CONCLUSIONS Our results shown that the early postoperative IP chemotherapy with 5-FU impaired the healing of colon anastomoses. However, anastomotic sealing with FTCS reversed some of the negative effects of this therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávio D Sabino
- Department of Abdominal and Pelvic Surgery, National Cancer Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of General Surgery, Federal Hospital of Rio de Janeiro State Civil Servers, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | | | - Carlos Eduardo R Caetano
- Department of General Surgery, Laboratory of Experimental Surgery, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcele Nogueira S Trotte
- Department of General Surgery, Laboratory of Experimental Surgery, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Albanita V Oliveira
- Department of Pathology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ruy G Marques
- Department of General Surgery, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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14969
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Hardbower DM, Peek RM, Wilson KT. At the Bench: Helicobacter pylori, dysregulated host responses, DNA damage, and gastric cancer. J Leukoc Biol 2014; 96:201-12. [PMID: 24868089 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.4bt0214-099r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection is the strongest known risk factor for the development of gastric cancer. Given that ∼50% of the global population is infected with this pathogen, there is great impetus to elucidate underlying causes that mediate progression from infection to cancer. Recent evidence suggests that H. pylori-induced chronic inflammation and oxidative stress create an environment conducive to DNA damage and tissue injury. DNA damage leads to genetic instability and eventually, neoplastic transformation. Pathogen-encoded virulence factors induce a robust but futile immune response and alter host pathways that lower the threshold for carcinogenesis, including DNA damage repair, polyamine synthesis and catabolism, antioxidant responses, and cytokine production. Collectively, such dysregulation creates a protumorigenic microenvironment within the stomach. This review seeks to address each of these aspects of H. pylori infection and to call attention to areas of particular interest within this field of research. This review also seeks to prioritize areas of translational research related to H. pylori-induced gastric cancer based on insights garnered from basic research in this field. See related review by Dalal and Moss, At the Bedside: H. pylori, dysregulated host responses, DNA damage, and gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana M Hardbower
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology and Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; and
| | - Richard M Peek
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; and Cancer Biology, and
| | - Keith T Wilson
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology and Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; and Cancer Biology, and Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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14970
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Huang MY, Liu HC, Yen LC, Chang JY, Huang JJ, Wang JY, Hsiao CP, Lin SR. Detection of activated KRAS from cancer patient peripheral blood using a weighted enzymatic chip array. J Transl Med 2014; 12:147. [PMID: 24884535 PMCID: PMC4055935 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-12-147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The KRAS oncogene was one of the earliest discoveries of genetic alterations in colorectal and lung cancers. Moreover, KRAS somatic mutations might be used for predicting the efficiency of anti-EGFR therapeutic drugs. The purpose of this research was to improve Activating KRAS Detection Chip by using a weighted enzymatic chip array (WEnCA) platform to detect activated KRAS mutations status in the peripheral blood of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and colorectal cancer (CRC) patients in Taiwan. Methods Our laboratory developed an Activating KRAS Detection Chip and a WEnCA technique that can detect activated KRAS mutation status by screening circulating cancer cells in the surrounding bloodstream. We collected 390 peripheral blood samples of NSCLC patients (n = 210) and CRC patients (n = 180) to evaluate clinical KRAS activation using this gene array diagnosis apparatus, an Activating KRAS Detection Chip and a WEnCA technique. Subsequently, we prospectively enrolled 88 stage III CRC patients who received adjuvant FOLFOX-4 chemotherapy with or without cetuximab. We compared the chip results of preoperative blood specimens and their relationship with disease control status in these patients. Results After statistical analysis, the sensitivity of WEnCA was found to be 93%, and the specificity was found to be 94%. Relapse status and chip results among the stage III CRC patients receiving FOLFOX-4 plus cetuximab (n = 59) and those receiving FOLFOX-4 alone (n = 29) were compared. Among the 51 stage III CRC patients with chip negative results who were treated with FOLFOX-4 plus cetuximab chemotherapy, the relapse rate was 33.3%; otherwise, the relapse rate was 48.5% among the 23 out of 88 patients with chip negative results who received FOLFOX-4 alone. Negative chip results were significantly associated to better treatment outcomes in the FOLFOX-4 plus cetuximab group (P = 0.047). Conclusions The results demonstrated that the WEnCA technique is a sensitive and convenient technique that produces easy-to-interpret results for detecting activated KRAS from the peripheral blood of cancer patients. We suggest that the WEnCA technique is also a potential tool for predicting responses in CRC patients following FOLFOX-4 plus cetuximab chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jaw-Yuan Wang
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
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14971
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Pfetin as a risk factor of recurrence in gastrointestinal stromal tumors. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:651935. [PMID: 24977158 PMCID: PMC4055574 DOI: 10.1155/2014/651935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 03/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Background. Despite complete resection of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), recurrent and/or metastatic disease occurs, often depending on the grade of malignancy. As such, markers are needed that accurately predict patients at high risk for recurrence. Previously our group reported Pfetin as a prognostic biomarker for GIST. In order to create an approach for predicting risk of recurrence, we incorporated Pfetin expression with clinicopathological data to produce a predictive model. Object. Forty-five patients with localized primary GIST were treated with complete gross surgical resection surgically at our institution between 1995 and 2010 were included. The majority of tumors originated in the stomach (38 cases), as well as small intestine (6 cases) and rectum (1 case). Method. (1) We performed retrospective analysis of the connection between Pfetin expression, clinicopathological data, and incidences of recurrence, using bivariate and multivariate analyses. (2) The reactivity of the monoclonal antibody against Pfetin was examined by immunohistochemistry. Pfetin. We have reported Pfetin, identified microarray technology, and compared between statistically different GISTs for good and poor prognoses and for prognostic marker. Results. There were 7 cases of recurrences. (1) By univariate analysis, tumor size, mitoses, exposure to abdominal cavity, and complete tumor removal predicted risk of recurrence. (2) Pfetin-negative cases were significantly related to recurrence (P = 0.002). Conclusions. This analysis demonstrates that lack of Pfetin expression is an additional predictor of recurrence in resected GIST. Further study may determine the role of this variable added to the current predictive model for selection of adjuvant therapy.
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14972
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Loh KP, Nautsch D, Desilets D, Mehendiratta V. A rare cause of dilated bile duct incidentally detected on imaging. BMJ Case Rep 2014; 2014:bcr-2014-204014. [PMID: 24859557 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2014-204014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenomas involving the extrahepatic bile ducts are rare benign tumours of the biliary tract. Given the asymptomatic nature of these tumours and the natural progression of biliary adenoma to carcinoma including cholangiocarcinoma, early detection is challenging. We present a case of an octogenarian woman with a remote history of gallstones who initially presented to the gastroenterology office for an incidental finding of biliary dilation, and whose subsequent imagings and biopsy suggested common bile adenoma. However, the patient was deemed a poor surgical candidate for pancreaticoduodenectomy, and unfortunately represented 5 months later with findings suggesting cholangiocarcinoma. This case provides a unique opportunity to study the natural progression of biliary adenoma to cholangiocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kah Poh Loh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Baystate Medical Center/Tufts University, Springfield, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Deborah Nautsch
- Department of Pathology, Baystate Medical Center/Tufts University, Springfield, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David Desilets
- Department of Gastroenterology, Baystate Medical Center/Tufts University, Springfield, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vaibhav Mehendiratta
- Department of Gastroenterology, Baystate Medical Center/Tufts University, Springfield, Massachusetts, USA
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14973
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Prognostic significance of the number of tumors and aggressive surgical approach in colorectal cancer hepatic metastasis. World J Surg Oncol 2014; 12:155. [PMID: 24885967 PMCID: PMC4032633 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-12-155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although liver resection (LR) for colorectal cancer (CRC) hepatic metastasis is the best strategy to improve patient outcomes, there are considerable concerns regarding the recurrence of CRC after LR. In this study, we investigated the prognostic indicators associated with CRC recurrence after LR for hepatic metastasis. Methods This is a retrospective review of patients who underwent curative LR for CRC hepatic metastasis between January 2008 and December 2012. The clinicopathological features and outcome parameters affecting prognosis were analyzed. Results A total of 332 LRs with curative intent were performed in 278 patients, of whom 168 (60.4%) experienced CRC recurrence after the first LR, and 206 of the 332 LRs (62.0%) developed CRC recurrence. A preoperative serum carcinoembryonic antigen level greater than 100 ng/mL and four or more metastatic tumor nodules were independent prognostic factors for CRC recurrence after LR. The disease-free survival rate after LR was significantly associated with the number of metastatic nodules. The patients who underwent surgical resection for recurrent CRC had favorable outcomes, with a five-year overall survival rate of 65.2%. Conclusion The number of metastatic tumors significantly affects the outcomes of patients who undergo LR for CRC hepatic metastasis, indicating that a novel therapeutic strategy for patients at high risk may be required. However, favorable long-term outcomes are achievable through aggressive treatment with surgical resection of the recurrent CRC.
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14974
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Misawa SI, Takeda M, Sakamoto H, Kirii Y, Ota H, Takagi H. Spontaneous rupture of a giant gastrointestinal stromal tumor of the jejunum: a case report and literature review. World J Surg Oncol 2014; 12:153. [PMID: 24885725 PMCID: PMC4032489 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-12-153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A few cases of a gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) of the small intestine presenting as rupture have been reported in the medical literature. We report an unusual case of a large GIST of the jejunum that presented as a spontaneous rupture. A 70-year-old man was referred to our hospital because of fever and abdominal pain. An abdominal enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan detected a 10-cm tumor with heterogeneous staining, suggesting necrosis or abscess inside the tumor. The patient was treated with antibiotics but inflammation persisted and an operation was performed. Intraoperative findings showed an outgrowing 10-cm mass in the jejunum near Treitz's ligament. The tumor had ruptured with peritoneal metastasis. The solid parenchyma contained a focal area of necrosis within and the small ulcer located in the wall of the jejunum presented a communication with the large tumor cavity. H&E staining showed spindle-shaped cell proliferation, and immunohistochemical staining showed results positive for c-kit and CD34. The patient received a diagnosis of a GIST (high-risk group) of the jejunum and was treated with imatinib mesylate. The patient has remained in good health without recurrence or metastasis one year after the surgical procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-ichi Misawa
- Department of Surgery, Matsumoto City Hospital, 4417-180 Hata, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-1401, Japan.
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14975
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Bidouei F, Abdolhosseini S, Jafarzadeh N, Izanloo A, Ghaffarzadehgan K, Abdolhosseini A, Khoshroo F, Vaziri M, Tourdeh T, Ashraf H. Knowledge and perception toward colorectal cancer screening in east of Iran. Int J Health Policy Manag 2014; 3:11-5. [PMID: 24987716 DOI: 10.15171/ijhpm.2014.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in Iran and its early detection is necessary. This study is based on perception of people in the east of Iran toward CRC screening. METHODS In a cross-sectional study, 1060 randomly selected individuals who referred to Razavi Hospital of Mashhad, Iran, between September the 1(st), 2012 and February the 28(th), 2013 as patients or their visitors involved in an interview to fill a questionnaire on CRC screening. RESULTS The participants' age ranged from 40 to 88 years (mean= 55). More than 90% had no knowledge of CRC and screening tests. The most cited reasons for not having screening tests were "did not have any problem" and "did not think it was needed". Although, older people had more knowledge of CRC (P= 0.033), there was no relationship between gender, health insurance status, family history of individuals and their knowledge about CRC (P> 0.050). Employment, education and higher income had positive effect on the perception of people toward CRC screening (P< 0.050). CONCLUSION Lack of knowledge in people in lower socio-economical class with limited literacy is the most important barrier to CRC screening. As such, designing educational programs involving physicians and media is important to improve CRC screening rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Bidouei
- Research and Education Department, Razavi Hospital, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | | | - Azra Izanloo
- Research and Education Department, Razavi Hospital, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | | | - Fahimeh Khoshroo
- Research and Education Department, Razavi Hospital, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mitra Vaziri
- Research and Education Department, Razavi Hospital, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Toktam Tourdeh
- Research and Education Department, Razavi Hospital, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hami Ashraf
- Research and Education Department, Razavi Hospital, Mashhad, Iran
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14976
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Zhang Y, Chang QC, Zhang Y, Na L, Wang WT, Xu WW, Gao DZ, Liu ZX, Wang CR, Zhu XQ. Prevalence of Clonorchis sinensis infection in freshwater fishes in northeastern China. Vet Parasitol 2014; 204:209-13. [PMID: 24880648 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 03/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of Clonorchis sinensis infection in freshwater fishes was surveyed in Heilongjiang Province, northeastern China, between August 2011 and September 2013. Thirteen species of freshwater fish (n=3221) and one species of shrimp (n=93) were collected from Songhua river, Nenjiang river and other lakes or ponds in 37 sites of 15 representative cities in Heilongjiang Province. They were individually examined by digestion technique, and the C. sinensis metacercariae were identified morphologically followed by confirmation using sequences of the second internal transcribed spacer of ribosomal DNA. Ten of the 13 examined species of freshwater fishes were infected with C. sinensis metacercariae, while all shrimps were negative. The overall prevalence of C. sinensis infection in 3221 examined freshwater fishes was 19.96%, with 42.57% (272/639) in Pseudorasbora parva, 22.55% (83/368) in Hemicculter leuciclus, 20.44% (121/592) in Carassius auratus, 17.71% (68/384) in Saurogobio dabryi, 10.85% (23/212) in Rhodeus ocellatus, 10.54% (48/455) in Phoxinus lagowskii, 8.20% (21/256) in Perccottus glehnii, 6.25% (5/80) in Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, 4.55% (1/22) in Xenocypris davidi, and 1.49% (1/67) in Cyprinus carpio. The average infection intensity in P. parva was 103.3 encysted metacercariae per gram of fish meat in Zhaoyuan city. The average prevalence of C. sinensis infection in Songhua river, Nenjiang river and lakes or ponds were 31.96% (503/1574), 11.30% (102/903) and 7.93% (59/744), respectively. The prevalence of C. sinensis infection in Zhaoyuan city (43.68%) was the highest among all sampling locations. These results revealed a high-prevalence of C. sinensis infection in freshwater fishes in Heilongjiang Province, northeastern China, posing significant public health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163319, PR China
| | - Q C Chang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163319, PR China
| | - Y Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163319, PR China
| | - L Na
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163319, PR China
| | - W T Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163319, PR China
| | - W W Xu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163319, PR China
| | - D Z Gao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163319, PR China
| | - Z X Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163319, PR China
| | - C R Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163319, PR China.
| | - X Q Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163319, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, PR China.
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14977
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Phua LC, Chue XP, Koh PK, Cheah PY, Chan ECY, Ho HK. Global fecal microRNA profiling in the identification of biomarkers for colorectal cancer screening among Asians. Oncol Rep 2014; 32:97-104. [PMID: 24841830 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fecal microRNAs (miRNAs) are increasingly explored as non-invasive markers of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, its holistic profile in Asian CRC patients remains elusive. In the present study, the global human fecal miRNAs in Asian Chinese CRC patients was assayed to elucidate novel diagnostic fecal markers. Additionally, the influence of blood in stool on fecal miRNA levels was investigated for the first time. Microarray analysis was applied to profile the fecal miRNAs extracted from CRC patients and healthy subjects. Concurrently, surgically resected tumor and matched normal mucosae were analyzed. Potential fecal miRNA markers were further confirmed using real-time PCR in 17 CRC patients and 28 healthy subjects. Global miRNA profiling uncovered 17 fecal markers (p<0.05) differentially regulated in CRC. Fecal miR-223 and miR-451 represented robust markers in distinguishing CRC patients from healthy subjects, as evident from areas under the receiver operator characteristic curves of 0.939 and 0.971, respectively. Blood in stool affected fecal miR-451, miR-223 and miR-135b levels to a varying extent and substantially impacted the interpretation of the clinical data. Notably, a discrete set of aberrant miRNAs occurred within the tumor, indicating the presence of contributors beyond the exfoliation of tumor cells to the fecal miRNA profile. In summary, the utility of a global miRNA screening approach was successfully demonstrated in elucidating diagnostic markers of CRC. In particular, fecal miR-223 and miR-451 hold promise in detecting CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Cheng Phua
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Republic of Singapore
| | - Xiu Ping Chue
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Republic of Singapore
| | - Poh Koon Koh
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169856, Republic of Singapore
| | - Peh Yean Cheah
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169856, Republic of Singapore
| | - Eric Chun Yong Chan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Republic of Singapore
| | - Han Kiat Ho
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Republic of Singapore
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14978
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Gigli S, Buonocore V, Barchetti F, Glorioso M, Di Brino M, Guerrisi P, Buonocore C, Giovagnorio F, Giraldi G. Primary colonic lymphoma: An incidental finding in a patient with a gallstone attack. World J Clin Cases 2014; 2:146-150. [PMID: 24868515 PMCID: PMC4023309 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v2.i5.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a case of primary colonic lymphoma incidentally diagnosed in a patient presenting a gallbladder attack making particular attention on the diagnostic findings at ultrasound (US) and total body computed tomography (CT) exams that allowed us to make the correct final diagnosis. A 85-year-old Caucasian male patient was referred to our department due to acute pain at the upper right quadrant, spreaded to the right shoulder blade. Patient had nausea and mild fever and Murphy’s maneuver was positive. At physical examination a large bulky mass was found in the right flank. Patient underwent to US exam that detected a big stone in the lumen of the gallbladder and in correspondence of the palpable mass, an extended concentric thickening of the colic wall. CT scan was performed and confirmed a widespread and concentric thickening of the wall of the ascending colon and cecum. In addition, revealed signs of microperforation of the colic wall. Numerous large lymphadenopathies were found in the abdominal, pelvic and thoracic cavity and there was a condition of splenomegaly, with some ischemic outcomes in the context of the spleen. No metastasis in the parenchimatous organs were found. These imaging findings suggest us the diagnosis of lymphoma. Patient underwent to surgery, and right hemicolectomy and cholecystectomy was performed. Histological examination confirmed our diagnosis, revealing a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. The patient underwent to Cyclophosphamide, Hydroxydaunorubicin, Oncovin, Prednisone chemotherapy showing only a partial regression of the lymphadenopathies, being in advanced stage at the time of diagnosis.
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14979
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Nassir F, Ibdah JA. Role of mitochondria in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:8713-42. [PMID: 24837835 PMCID: PMC4057755 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15058713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects about 30% of the general population in the United States and includes a spectrum of disease that includes simple steatosis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis and cirrhosis. Significant insight has been gained into our understanding of the pathogenesis of NALFD; however the key metabolic aberrations underlying lipid accumulation in hepatocytes and the progression of NAFLD remain to be elucidated. Accumulating and emerging evidence indicate that hepatic mitochondria play a critical role in the development and pathogenesis of steatosis and NAFLD. Here, we review studies that document a link between the pathogenesis of NAFLD and hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction with particular focus on new insights into the role of impaired fatty acid oxidation, the transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), and sirtuins in development and progression of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatiha Nassir
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
| | - Jamal A Ibdah
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
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14980
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Djaldetti M, Bessler H. Modulators affecting the immune dialogue between human immune and colon cancer cells. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2014; 6:129-38. [PMID: 24834143 PMCID: PMC4021329 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v6.i5.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2013] [Revised: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The link between chronic inflammation and colorectal cancer has been well established. The events proceeding along tumorigenesis are complicated and involve cells activated at the cancer microenvironment, tumor infiltrating polymorphonuclears, immune cells including lymphocyte subtypes and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), as well as tumor-associated macrophages. The immune cells generate inflammatory cytokines, several of them playing a crucial role in tumorigenesis. Additional factors, such as gene expression regulated by cytokines, assembling of tumor growth- and transforming factors, accelerated angiogenesis, delayed apoptosis, contribute all to initiation, development and migration of tumor cells. Oxygen radical species originating from the inflammatory area promote cell mutation and cancer proliferation. Tumor cells may over-express pro-inflammatory mediators that in turn activate immune cells for inflammatory cytokines production. Consequently, an immune dialogue emerges between immune and cancer cells orchestrated through a number of activated molecular pathways. Cytokines, encompassing migration inhibitory factor, transforming growth factor beta 1, tumor necrosis factor-α, Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-17, IL-23 have been reported to be involved in human cancer development. Some cytokines, namely IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-22 and growth factors promote tumor development and metastasis, and inhibit apoptosis via activation of signal transducer activator transcription-3 transcription factor. Colon cancer environment comprises mesenchymal, endothelial and immune cells. Assessment of the interaction between components in the tumor environment and malignant cells requires a reconsideration of a few topics elucidating the role of chronic inflammation in carcinogenesis, the function of the immune cells expressed by inflammatory cytokine production, the immunomodulation of cancer cells and the existence of a cross-talk between immune and malignant cells leading to a balance in cytokine production. It is conceivable that the prevalence of anti-inflammatory cytokine production by PBMC in the affected colonic mucosa will contribute to the delay, or even to halt down malignant expansion. Targeting the interplay between immune and cancer cells by mediators capable to alter cytokine secretion toward increased anti-inflammatory cytokine release by PBMC and tumor associated macrophages, may serve as an additional strategy for treatment of malignant diseases. This review will focus on the inflammatory events preceding tumorigenesis in general, and on a number of modulators capable to affect colon cancer cell-induced production of inflammatory cytokines by PBMC through alteration of the immune cross-talk between PBMC and cancer cells.
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14981
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Li K, Dan Z, Nie YQ. Gastric cancer stem cells in gastric carcinogenesis, progression, prevention and treatment. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:5420-5426. [PMID: 24833872 PMCID: PMC4017057 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i18.5420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, the study of the mechanism of tumorigenesis has brought much progress to cancer treatment. However, cancer stem cell (CSC) theory has changed previous views of tumors, and has provided a new method for treatment of cancer. The discovery of CSCs and their characteristics have contributed to understanding the molecular mechanism of tumor genesis and development, resulting in a new effective strategy for cancer treatment. Gastric CSCs (GCSCs) are the basis for the onset of gastric cancer. They may be derived from gastric stem cells in gastric tissues, or bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. As with other stem cells, GCSCs highly express drug-resistance genes such as aldehyde dehydrogenase and multidrug resistance, which are resistant to chemotherapy and thus form the basis of drug resistance. Many specific molecular markers such as CD44 and CD133 have been used for identification and isolation of GCSCs, diagnosis and grading of gastric cancer, and research on GCSC-targeted therapy for gastric cancer. Therefore, discussion of the recent development and advancements in GCSCs will be helpful for providing novel insight into gastric cancer treatment.
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14982
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Facciorusso A, Barone M. Glucose intolerance and hepatocellular carcinoma: recent findings for old diseases. Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr 2014; 3:91-2. [PMID: 24812601 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2304-3881.2014.02.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the last years, an increasing number of evidences on the influence of metabolic syndrome on the occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have been developed. Type 2 mellitus diabetes (T2MD) has been found to increase the occurrence of primary liver tumors and to define a more aggressive carcinogenetic process. Furthermore, several preclinical and observational studies and a recent meta-analysis have shown that anti-diabetic drugs can modify the risk of HCC development in patients with T2DM. However, despite these evidences, underlying molecular mechanisms linking both pathological conditions have to be completely cleared yet. The study published by Gao et al. has found a possible molecular link between the two conditions, describing the predisposition to T2DM and HCC given by the haploinsufficiency of nuclear receptor coactivator 5 (NCOA5) in murine models. The authors have generated Ncoa5+/- (haploinsufficient) male mice and shown that 94% of male mutant mice developed HCC within 18 months of age, this in contrast with Ncoa5+/+ and Ncoa5+/- female mice. These results suggest that NCOA5 haploinsufficiency is linked to HCC development in male mice. Moreover, mutant male mice showed significantly elevated levels of fasting blood glucose and markedly decreased glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity compared to Ncoa5+/+ littermates. This well-constructed work sheds light on the molecular link between T2DM and HCC and opens the way to further biological and clinical studies in the field of liver tumor prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Facciorusso
- Department of Medical Sciences, Gastroenterology Unit, University of Foggia, AOU Ospedali Riuniti, Foggia, Italy
| | - Michele Barone
- Department of Medical Sciences, Gastroenterology Unit, University of Foggia, AOU Ospedali Riuniti, Foggia, Italy
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14983
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Mottaghi-Dastjerdi N, Soltany-Rezaee-Rad M, Sepehrizadeh Z, Roshandel G, Ebrahimifard F, Setayesh N. Identification of novel genes involved in gastric carcinogenesis by suppression subtractive hybridization. Hum Exp Toxicol 2014; 34:3-11. [PMID: 24812152 DOI: 10.1177/0960327114532386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common and life-threatening types of malignancies. Identification of the differentially expressed genes in GC is one of the best approaches for establishing new diagnostic and therapeutic targets. Furthermore, these investigations could advance our knowledge about molecular biology and the carcinogenesis of this cancer. To screen for the overexpressed genes in gastric adenocarcinoma, we performed suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) on gastric adenocarcinoma tissue and the corresponding normal gastric tissue, and eight genes were found to be overexpressed in the tumor compared with those of the normal tissue. The genes were ribosomal protein L18A, RNase H2 subunit B, SEC13, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A1, tetraspanin 8, cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2, NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4, and mitochondrially encoded ATP synthase 6. The common functions among the identified genes include involvement in protein synthesis, involvement in genomic stability maintenance, metastasis, metabolic improvement, cell signaling pathways, and chemoresistance. Our results provide new insights into the molecular biology of GC and drug discovery: each of the identified genes could be further investigated as targets for prognosis evaluation, diagnosis, treatment, evaluation of the response to new anticancer drugs, and determination of the molecular pathogenesis of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mottaghi-Dastjerdi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Sari School of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - M Soltany-Rezaee-Rad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Sari School of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Z Sepehrizadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - G Roshandel
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Golestan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - F Ebrahimifard
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - N Setayesh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
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14984
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Modeling progressive non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the laboratory mouse. Mamm Genome 2014; 25:473-86. [PMID: 24802098 PMCID: PMC4164843 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-014-9521-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease in the world and its prevalence is rising. In the absence of disease progression, fatty liver poses minimal risk of detrimental health outcomes. However, advancement to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) confers a markedly increased likelihood of developing severe liver pathologies, including fibrosis, cirrhosis, organ failure, and cancer. Although a substantial percentage of NAFLD patients develop NASH, the genetic and molecular mechanisms driving this progression are poorly understood, making it difficult to predict which patients will ultimately develop advanced liver disease. Deficiencies in mechanistic understanding preclude the identification of beneficial prognostic indicators and the development of effective therapies. Mouse models of progressive NAFLD serve as a complementary approach to the direct analysis of human patients. By providing an easily manipulated experimental system that can be rigorously controlled, they facilitate an improved understanding of disease development and progression. In this review, we discuss genetically- and chemically-induced models of NAFLD that progress to NASH, fibrosis, and liver cancer in the context of the major signaling pathways whose disruption has been implicated as a driving force for their development. Additionally, an overview of nutritional models of progressive NAFLD is provided.
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14985
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Zhang M, Zhao QC, Liu YP, Yang L, Zhu HM, Chhetri JK. Prognostic analysis and comparison of colon cancer in Han and Hui patients. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:5082-5086. [PMID: 24803822 PMCID: PMC4009544 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i17.5082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the relevant prognostic factors and their differences between colorectal cancer (CRC) patients of Chinese Han and Hui ethnicities in the Beijing region.
METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 880 patients diagnosed with CRC at Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University between September 2001 and September 2011 was performed. Among the 880 patients, 398 and 482 were Hui and Han, respectively. Characteristics including sex, age, diet, tumor size, primary tumor site, Dukes’ stage and degree of differentiation were analyzed for their influence on prognosis. Data on dietary structures were recorded through a questionnaire survey conducted during the patient’s first visit, return visit or follow-up checkups.
RESULTS: Among patients with colon cancer, the 5-year survival rate for patients of Hui ethnicity was lower than that for Han patients (P = 0.025). Six risk factors (age of onset, dietary structure, tumor size, Dukes’ stage, location of cancer and degree of differentiation) in both Han and Hui patients were identified as prognostic factors (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that age of onset (P = 0.002), diet (P = 0.000), Dukes’ stage (P = 0.000) and degree of differentiation (P = 0.000) are prognostic factors affecting both ethnic groups. Comparison of prognostic factors between Han and Hui patients with CRC showed that dietary structure was a statistically significant factor, and diet varied significantly between the two ethnic groups.
CONCLUSION: Dietary structure has a significant influence on colon cancer prognosis among Han and Hui patients with colon cancer in Beijing, which may cause a difference in their survival rates.
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14986
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IRS-2 G1057D polymorphism in Turkish patients with colorectal cancer. GASTROENTEROLOGY REVIEW 2014; 9:88-92. [PMID: 25061488 PMCID: PMC4108750 DOI: 10.5114/pg.2014.42503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Gene polymorphisms have a broad range of analysis, but are of particular use in molecular medicine due to their potential in revealing the genetic tendency in diseases such as cancer, heart attack etc. These studies basically depend on mutations that can be detected by proper techniques. The genes coding the insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins are among the most widely analysed polymorphisms in various cancer types, in which a G1057D mutation is seen. Aim To determine the risk of colon cancer by analysing the IRS-2 gene polymorphism in Turkish patients. Material and methods A total of 161 newly diagnosed colorectal cancer patients were analysed and compared to 197 unrelated healthy controls. A polymerase chain reaction-based restriction fragment length polymorphism method was carried out. Results No differences were observed between the patient and control groups for both allele and genotype frequencies of the IRS-2 G1057D gene. Conclusions Our results demonstrated that IRS-2 G1057D polymorphism is not associated with colorectal cancer in the Turkish population. This research is a preliminary and original study in Turkish patients with colorectal cancer. It also provides population-level genetic data on IRS-2 in the Turkish population. Further studies should be performed on larger number of patients and controls for more reliable results about the genetic tendency in colorectal cancer in Turkey. The study is a collaborative work of different universities and scientists.
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14987
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Garg PK, Jain BK, Dahiya D, Bhatt S, Arora VK. Mesenteric liposarcoma: report of two cases with review of literature. J Gastrointest Cancer 2014; 45 Suppl 1:170-4. [PMID: 24781302 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-014-9612-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Kumar Garg
- Department of Surgery, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, University of Delhi, Dilshad Garden, Delhi, 110095, India,
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14988
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Prognostic significance of circulating intact and cleaved forms of urokinase plasminogen activator receptor in inoperable chemotherapy treated cholangiocarcinoma patients. Clin Biochem 2014; 47:599-604. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2014.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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14989
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Dimmler A, Geddert H, Faller G. EGFR, KRAS, BRAF-mutations and microsatellite instability are absent in goblet cell carcinoids of the appendix. Pathol Res Pract 2014; 210:274-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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14990
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Karimi P, Islami F, Anandasabapathy S, Freedman ND, Kamangar F. Gastric cancer: descriptive epidemiology, risk factors, screening, and prevention. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014; 23:700-13. [PMID: 24618998 PMCID: PMC4019373 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-13-1057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1216] [Impact Index Per Article: 121.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Less than a century ago, gastric cancer was the most common cancer in the United States and perhaps throughout the world. Despite its worldwide decline in incidence over the past century, gastric cancer remains a major killer across the globe. This article reviews the epidemiology, screening, and prevention of gastric cancer. We first discuss the descriptive epidemiology of gastric cancer, including its incidence, survival, mortality, and trends over time. Next, we characterize the risk factors for gastric cancer, both environmental and genetic. Serologic markers and histological precursor lesions of gastric cancer and early detection of gastric cancer using these markers are reviewed. Finally, we discuss prevention strategies and provide suggestions for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Karimi
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Farhad Islami
- Institute for Transitional Epidemiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sharmila Anandasabapathy
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Neal D. Freedman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Farin Kamangar
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Public Health Analysis, School of Community Health and Policy, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, United States
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14991
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Karimi P, Islami F, Anandasabapathy S, Freedman ND, Kamangar F. Gastric cancer: descriptive epidemiology, risk factors, screening, and prevention. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014. [PMID: 24618998 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965]] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Less than a century ago, gastric cancer was the most common cancer in the United States and perhaps throughout the world. Despite its worldwide decline in incidence over the past century, gastric cancer remains a major killer across the globe. This article reviews the epidemiology, screening, and prevention of gastric cancer. We first discuss the descriptive epidemiology of gastric cancer, including its incidence, survival, mortality, and trends over time. Next, we characterize the risk factors for gastric cancer, both environmental and genetic. Serologic markers and histological precursor lesions of gastric cancer and early detection of gastric cancer using these markers are reviewed. Finally, we discuss prevention strategies and provide suggestions for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Karimi
- Authors' Affiliations: Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health; Department of Public Health Analysis, School of Community Health and Policy, Morgan State University, Baltimore; Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland; Institute for Transitional Epidemiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York; and Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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14992
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Thomassen I, van Gestel Y, Aalbers A, van Oudheusden T, Wegdam J, Lemmens V, de Hingh I. Peritoneal carcinomatosis is less frequently diagnosed during laparoscopic surgery compared to open surgery in patients with colorectal cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol 2014; 40:511-514. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2014.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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14993
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Anaesthesia in patients undergoing cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy: retrospective analysis of a single centre three-year experience. World J Surg Oncol 2014; 12:136. [PMID: 24886171 PMCID: PMC4113247 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-12-136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cytoreductive surgery combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS/HIPEC) is a treatment option for selected patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis. There are limited data available on anaesthesia management and its impact on patients’ outcome. Our aim was to retrospectively analyze and evaluate perioperative management and the clinical course of patients undergoing CRS/HIPEC within a three-year period. Methods After ethic committee approval, patient charts were retrospectively reviewed for patient characteristics, interventions, perioperative management, postoperative course, and complications. Analysis was intervention based. Data are presented as median (range). Results Between 2009 and 2011, 54 consecutive patients underwent 57 interventions; median anaesthesia time was 715 (range 370 to 1135) minutes. HIPEC induced hyperthermia with an overall median peak temperature of 38.1 (35.7-40.2)°C with active cooling. Bleeding, expressed as median blood loss was 0.8 (0 to 6) litre and large fluid shifts occurred, requiring a total fluid input of 8.4 (4.2 to 29.4) litres per patient. Postoperative renal function was dependent on preoperative function and the type of fluids used. Administration of hydroxyethyl starch colloid solution had a significant negative impact on renal function, especially in younger patients. Major complications occurred after 12 procedures leading to death in 2 patients. Procedure time and need for blood transfusion were associated with a significantly higher risk for major complications. Conclusions Cytoreductive surgery with HIPEC is a high-risk surgical procedure associated with major hemodynamic and metabolic changes. As well as primary disease and complexity of surgery, we have shown that anaesthesia management, the type and amount of fluids used, and blood transfusions may also have a significant effect on patients’ outcome.
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14994
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Abstract
Since its introduction, robotic surgery has been rapidly adopted to the extent that it has already assumed an important position in the field of general surgery. This rapid progress is quantitative as well as qualitative. In this review, we focus on the relatively common procedures to which robotic surgery has been applied in several fields of general surgery, including gastric, colorectal, hepato-biliary-pancreatic, and endocrine surgery, and we discuss the results to date and future possibilities. In addition, the advantages and limitations of the current robotic system are reviewed, and the advanced technologies and instruments to be applied in the near future are introduced. Such progress is expected to facilitate the widespread introduction of robotic surgery in additional fields and to solve existing problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Jin Baek
- Department of Surgery; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul South Korea
| | - Seon-Hahn Kim
- Department of Surgery; Korea University College of Medicine; Seoul South Korea
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14995
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Wolf EM, Plieschnegger W, Geppert M, Wigginghaus B, Höss GM, Eherer A, Schneider NI, Hauer A, Rehak P, Vieth M, Langner C. Changing prevalence patterns in endoscopic and histological diagnosis of gastritis? Data from a cross-sectional Central European multicentre study. Dig Liver Dis 2014; 46:412-8. [PMID: 24484998 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2013.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Traditionally, Helicobacter infection is considered to be the most common cause of gastritis. In the cross-sectional Central European histoGERD trial, we assessed the prevalence of different types of gastritis, correlating histological and endoscopic diagnoses. METHODS A total of 1123 individuals participated in an observational multicentre study. Endoscopists classified individuals as positive or negative for gastritis and rendered the putative cause. Pathologists evaluated biopsy specimens based upon the Updated Sydney System. RESULTS Histological diagnosis of gastritis was made in 639 (56.9%) participants. In all, 210 (18.7%) individuals were diagnosed with Helicobacter gastritis, 215 (19.1%) with post Helicobacter gastritis, 234 (20.8%) with reactive gastropathy, 26 (2.3%) with autoimmune gastritis, and 6 (0.5%) with focally enhanced gastritis related to Crohn's disease. In 46 out of 639 (7.2%) individuals diagnosed with gastritis, combinations of different histological subtypes were noted the most common being reactive gastropathy and post Helicobacter gastritis. Endoscopic diagnosis of gastritis was made in 534 (47.6%) individuals. CONCLUSIONS Reactive gastropathy was more common than active Helicobacter gastritis, and the majority of cases attributable to Helicobacter infection were no longer ongoing, i.e. post Helicobacter gastritis. Agreement between histological and endoscopic diagnoses was better in reactive gastropathy than in Helicobacter gastritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Maria Wolf
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Plieschnegger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Krankenhaus der Barmherzigen Brüder, Academic Teaching Hospital, St. Veit/Glan, Austria
| | | | | | - Gabriele M Höss
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Eherer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Nora I Schneider
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Almuthe Hauer
- Department of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Rehak
- Department of Surgery, Research Unit for Biomedical Engineering & Computing, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Vieth
- Institute of Pathology, Klinikum Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Cord Langner
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
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14996
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Qian L, Huang J, Qin H. Glypican-3-expressing gastric metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma via curative subtotal gastrectomy: a case report. J Gastrointest Cancer 2014; 45 Suppl 1:166-9. [PMID: 24777446 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-014-9613-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Leimin Qian
- Clinical Medicine College of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China,
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14997
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Nishiyama T, Kato Y, Baba Y. Nasopharyngeal leiomyomatous hamartoma: case report. BMC EAR, NOSE, AND THROAT DISORDERS 2014; 14:5. [PMID: 24883043 PMCID: PMC4038829 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6815-14-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Fibroma, neurofibroma, and papilloma are the most commonly encountered benign lesions in the nasopharynx. Hamartomas are non-neoplastic overgrowth of mature/differentiated tissue indigenous to the specific part of the body in which they develop. Most hamartomas are located in the liver, spleen, lungs, and pancreas. However, nasopharyngeal hamartoma is rare. Case presentation We describe here a 77-year-old Japanese woman who presented with a mass arising from the left lateral wall of the nasopharynx. Computed tomography (CT) revealed a soft tissue mass without bony erosion, suggesting that the mass was a benign tumor such as a fibroma. Pathological examination showed that the mass was a leiomyomatous hamartoma. Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first report of a leiomyomatous hamartoma in the nasopharynx. Although leiomyomatous hamartoma in the nasopharynx is extremely rare, it should be kept in mind during differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Nishiyama
- Department of Otolaryngology, Nasu Red Cross Hospital, 1081-4 Nakatahara, 324-8686 Ohtawara City, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Kato
- Department of Oral Function and Molecular Biology, Ohu University, 31-1 Misumido Tomita-machi 963-8611 Koriyama City, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yuh Baba
- Department of Otolaryngology, Nasu Red Cross Hospital, 1081-4 Nakatahara, 324-8686 Ohtawara City, Tochigi, Japan ; Department of Oral Function and Molecular Biology, Ohu University, 31-1 Misumido Tomita-machi 963-8611 Koriyama City, Fukushima, Japan ; Department of General Clinical Medicine, Ohu University, 31-1 Misumido Tomita-machi, 963-8611 Koriyama City, Fukushima, Japan
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14998
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Sampieri CL, Mora M. Gastric cancer research in Mexico: A public health priority. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:4491-4502. [PMID: 24782602 PMCID: PMC4000486 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i16.4491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed review studies conducted on Mexican patients diagnosed with gastric cancer and/or diseases associated with its development, in which at least one Mexican institute has participated, and to assess their contributions to the primary and secondary prevention of this disease. A search of the Medline database was conducted using the following keywords: gastric/stomach cancer, Mexico. Studies of the Mexican population were selected in which at least one Mexican Institute had participated and where the findings could support public policy proposals directed towards the primary or secondary prevention of gastric cancer. Of the 148 studies found in the Medline database, 100 were discarded and 48 were reviewed. According to the analysis presented, these studies were classified as: epidemiology of gastric cancer (5/48); risk factors and protectors relating to gastric cancer (9/48); relationship between Helicobacter pylori and pathologies associated with gastric cancer and the development of the disease (16/48); relationship between the Epstein-Barr virus and pathologies associated with gastric cancer and the development of the disease (3/48); molecular markers for the development of diseases associated with gastric cancer and gastric cancer (15/48). Mexico requires a program for the prevention and control of gastric cancer based on national health indicators. This should be produced by a multidisciplinary committee of experts who can propose actions that are relevant in the current national context. The few studies of gastric cancer conducted on the Mexican population in national institutes highlight the poor connection that currently exists between the scientific community and the health sector in terms of resolving this health issue. Public policies for health research should support projects with findings that can be translated into benefits for the population. This review serves to identify national research groups studying gastric cancer in the Mexican population.
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14999
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Huang YQ. Advances in research of gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2014; 22:1633-1641. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v22.i12.1633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract, arising from the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs), primarily in the stomach and small intestine. The growth of most GISTs is driven by the mutations of genes encoding oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinase KIT or platelet derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα). The pathogenesis of GISTs may involve ICCs, microRNAs (miRNAs), signaling pathways, DNA methylation, and KIT or PDGFRα gene mutations. This article systematically describes the advances in research of GISTs in terms of clinical features, imaging characteristics, endoscopic features, histopathological features, diagnosis and therapies.
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15000
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Miceli R, Tomasello G, Bregni G, Bartolomeo MD, Pietrantonio F. Adjuvant chemotherapy for gastric cancer: Current evidence and future challenges. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:4516-4525. [PMID: 24782604 PMCID: PMC4000488 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i16.4516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer still represents one of the major causes of cancer mortality worldwide. Patients survival is mainly related to stage, with a high proportion of patients with metastatic disease at presentation. Thus, the cure rate largely depend upon surgical resection. Despite the additional, albeit small, benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy has been clearly demonstrated, no general consensus has been reached on the best treatment option. Moreover, the narrow therapeutic index of adjuvant chemotherapy (i.e., limited survival benefit with considerable toxicity) requires a careful assessment of expected risks and benefits for individual patients. Treatment choices vary widely based on the different geographic areas, with chemotherapy alone more often preferred in Europe or Asia and chemoradiotherapy in the United States. In the present review we discuss the current evidence and future challenges regarding adjuvant chemotherapy in curatively resected gastric cancer with particular emphasis on the recently completed landmark studies and meta-analyses. The most recent patient-level meta-analysis demonstrated the benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy over curative surgery; the same Authors also showed that disease-free survival may be used as a surrogate end-point for overall survival. We finally discuss future research issues such as the need of economic evaluations, development of prognostic or predictive biomarkers, and the unmet clinical need of trials comparing perioperative chemotherapy with adjuvant treatment.
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