1701
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Lentil-based diets attenuate hypertension and large-artery remodelling in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Br J Nutr 2013; 111:690-8. [PMID: 24063808 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114513002997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is a major risk factor for CVD, the leading cause of mortality worldwide. The prevalence of hypertension is expected to continue increasing, and current pharmacological treatments cannot alleviate all the associated problems. Pulse crops have been touted as a general health food and are now being studied for their possible effects on several disease states including hypertension, obesity and diabetes. In the present study, 15-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were fed diets containing 30% w/w beans, peas, lentils, chickpeas, or mixed pulses or a pulse-free control diet for 4 weeks. Normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats were placed on a control diet. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) was measured weekly, while blood pressure (BP) was measured at baseline and week 4. Fasting serum obtained in week 4 of the study was analysed for circulating lipids. A histological analysis was carried out on aortic sections to determine vascular geometry. Of all the pulse varieties studied, lentils were found to be able to attenuate the rise in BP in the SHR model (P< 0·05). Lentils were able to decrease the media:lumen ratio and media width of the aorta. The total cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) and HDL-cholesterol levels of rats fed the pulse-based diets were found to be lower when compared with those of the WKY rat and SHR controls (P< 0·05). Although all pulses reduced circulating TC and LDL-C levels in the SHR, only lentils significantly reduced the rise in BP and large-artery remodelling in the SHR, but had no effect on PWV. These results indicate that the effects of lentils on arterial remodelling and BP in the SHR are independent of circulating LDL-C levels.
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1702
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Sant'ana LD, Buarque Ferreira AB, Lorenzon MCA, Berbara RLL, Castro RN. Correlation of Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents of Brazilian Honeys with Colour and Antioxidant Capacity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2011.614368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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1703
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De Liso F, Bonara P, Vigna L, Novembrino C, De Giuseppe R, Bamonti F, Carbonelli V, Frugoni C, Tirelli A, Maiavacca R, Riboldi L. Oxidative Stress and Low-Grade Inflammatory Status as Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Italian Occupational Overweight/Obese Subjects. EUR J INFLAMM 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/1721727x1301100321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with increased risk of cardiometabolic diseases. Adipocytokines (e.g. leptin), produced by the endocrine function of adipose tissue, can contribute to cardiometabolic risk in overweight and obese people. Oxidative stress, imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants, is considered a cardiovascular risk factor. High serum oxidized LDL (oxLDL) levels, marker of lipid peroxidation, a primary cause of atherosclerosis, can contribute to its progression. The aims of this study are to assess markers of oxidative status and cytokine profile and evaluate their role as cardiometabolic risk factors and possible correlations. In this cross-sectional study, we enrolled 76 occupational overweight-obese adults (46 females, 30 males; aged 46.8±9.5; BMI 33.7±4.8 kg/m2) without any previous cardiovascular disease. Oxidative status was measured by evaluating serum Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) levels, Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) and oxLDL concentrations. All subjects' soluble cytokine and adhesion molecule levels were evaluated by cytofluorimetric method and compared with 35 controls matched for sex and age. ROS and oxLDL levels were high in 84% and 92% of the study population, respectively, despite adequate TAC (68%). Female ROS levels were significantly higher than those of males (414±99.3 vs 318±48.2 UCarr, p<0.0001), while their oxLDL levels were lower (95.3±22 vs 105.2±19.4 U/L, p=0.1). Leptin and sICAM-1 (intracellular adhesion molecule involved in leukocyte migration to inflamed area) levels of the study population were significantly higher than those of controls (93.8±89.1 vs 25.3±23 ng/mL, p=0.0002 and 505.8±236.7 vs 339.2±119.6 ng/mL, p=0.0009, respectively). Overweight/obese occupational subjects showed oxidative stress conditions accompanied by low chronic inflammatory status, possibly contributing to increased cardiometabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. De Liso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Chirurgiche e Odontoiatriche, Università degli Studi di Milano, UOC Ematologia e CTMO, Fondazione IRCCS Ca‘ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - P. Bonara
- UO Mediana Interna 1b, Fondazione IRCCS Ca‘ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - L. Vigna
- Dipartimento Area della Medicina Preventiva, U.O. Medicina del Lavoro 1, Fondazione IRCCS Ca‘ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - C. Novembrino
- Laboratorio Centrale di Analisi Chimico Cliniche e Microbiologia, Fondazione IRCCS Ca‘ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - R. De Giuseppe
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Chirurgiche e Odontoiatriche, Università degli Studi di Milano, UOC Ematologia e CTMO, Fondazione IRCCS Ca‘ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - F. Bamonti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Chirurgiche e Odontoiatriche, Università degli Studi di Milano, UOC Ematologia e CTMO, Fondazione IRCCS Ca‘ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - V. Carbonelli
- Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Medico-Chirurgica e del Trapianti, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca‘ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - C. Frugoni
- UO Medicina Trasfusionale, Fondazione IRCCS Ca‘ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - A.S. Tirelli
- Laboratorio Centrale di Analisi Chimico Cliniche e Microbiologia, Fondazione IRCCS Ca‘ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - R. Maiavacca
- Laboratorio Centrale di Analisi Chimico Cliniche e Microbiologia, Fondazione IRCCS Ca‘ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - L. Riboldi
- Dipartimento Area della Medicina Preventiva, U.O. Medicina del Lavoro 1, Fondazione IRCCS Ca‘ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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1704
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Imperatori C, Innamorati M, Tamburello S, Continisio M, Contardi A, Tamburello A, Fabbricatore M. Gender differences in food craving among overweight and obese patients attending low energy diet therapy: a matched case-control study. Eat Weight Disord 2013; 18:297-303. [PMID: 23904055 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-013-0054-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2013] [Accepted: 07/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This case-control study examined gender differences in food craving among a sample of overweight and obese patients attending low energy diet therapy. To disentangle the specific role of gender from the role of confounders, we paired groups for BMI, age and severity of binge eating as assed by the Binge Eating Scale (BES). The participants were 73 pairs of patients who were attending low energy diet therapy. All the participants were administered the State and Trait Food Cravings Questionnaire, trait version (FCQ-T) and the BES. Female patients had higher mean scores on six out of nine dimensions of the FCQ-T. When controlling for the effect of other variables, obese and overweight female patients were 1.1 times more likely to report higher anticipation of relief of negative states and feelings from eating than their male pairs. Obese and overweight female patients experience more cravings for food than their male pairs despite comparable severity of binge eating and obesity suggesting the need for tailored interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Imperatori
- Department of Human Science, European University of Rome, Via degli Aldobrandeschi 190, 00163, Rome, Italy,
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1705
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Remya S, Chikku AM, Renjith RS, Arunima S, Rajamohan T. Coconut kernel protein in diet protects the heart by beneficially modulating endothelial nitric oxide synthase, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and nuclear factor-kappaB expressions in experimental myocardial infarction. J Food Drug Anal 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2013.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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1706
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Characterisation of honeys according to their content of phenolic compounds using high performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2013; 145:404-8. [PMID: 24128495 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.08.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2012] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A simple, fast and specific high performance liquid chromatography separation with an electro-spray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry detection in a negative single reaction ion monitoring scan mode was developed and used for the characterization of Polish honeys according to the content of phenolic acids, including caffeic, chlorogenic, p-coumaric, ferulic, homogentisic, p-hydroxybenzoic and vanillic acids, and flavonoids, i.e., apigenin, genistein, hesperetin, kaempferol, luteolin, rhamnetin, rutin, tricetin and quercetin. Target compounds were isolated and pre-concentrated from the honey matrix by means of the solid phase extraction using Strata X (500mg) cartridges. Analysed honeys did not contain tricetin and genistein. Hesperetin was determined for the first time in heather and linden honeys while rutin in rape honey.
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1707
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Wani IA, Sogi DS, Gill BS. Physical and cooking characteristics of black gram (Phaseolus mungooL.) cultivars grown in India. Int J Food Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.12249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Idrees A. Wani
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Guru Nanak Dev University; Amritsar 143 005 India
- Department of Food Science and Technology; University of Kashmir; Srinagar 190 006 India
| | - Dalbir S. Sogi
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Guru Nanak Dev University; Amritsar 143 005 India
| | - Balmeet S. Gill
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Guru Nanak Dev University; Amritsar 143 005 India
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1708
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Effect of extrusion conditions on the structural properties of corn extrudates enriched with dehydrated vegetables. Food Res Int 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2013.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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1709
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Cicero AF, Derosa G, Parini A, Maffioli P, D’Addato S, Reggi A, Giovannini M, Borghi C. Red yeast rice improves lipid pattern, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and vascular remodeling parameters in moderately hypercholesterolemic Italian subjects. Nutr Res 2013; 33:622-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2013.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2012] [Revised: 05/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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1710
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Hamia C, Gourine N, Boussoussa H, Saidi M, Gaydou EM, Yousfi M. Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of the Essential Oil and Fatty Acids of the Flowers of Rhanterium Adpressum. Nat Prod Commun 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1300800837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation of the flowers of Rhanterium adpressum Coss. & Durieu was analyzed using GC and GC-MS. The essential oil was very rich in monoterpene compounds. The major components identified were the monoterpene hydrocarbons: camphene (21.8%), myrcene (19.3%) and α-pinene (17.4%). Other compounds, including limonene, β-pinene and terpinol-4-ol, were present in low content (4–6%). The composition of the fatty acids in the lipid extract obtained from the flowers was also investigated by GC and GC-MS. The main fatty acids identified were palmitic (47.4%), oleic (12.9%) and stearic acids (10.6%). The total phenolic contents and the antioxidant activities were also evaluated for both extracts. The total phenolic contents were determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and the antioxidant activities were measured using three different assays: DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging activity, FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant potential) and a molybdenum assay. As a result of these tests, the lipid extract exhibited the highest antioxidant activities in comparison with the essential oil extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chahrazed Hamia
- Laboratoire des Sciences Fondamentales à l'Université Amar TÉLIDJI de Laghouat, (03000), Algeria
| | - Nadhir Gourine
- Laboratoire des Sciences Fondamentales à l'Université Amar TÉLIDJI de Laghouat, (03000), Algeria
| | - Hadjer Boussoussa
- Laboratoire des Sciences Fondamentales à l'Université Amar TÉLIDJI de Laghouat, (03000), Algeria
| | - Mokhtar Saidi
- Laboratoire de Valorisation et Promotion des Ressources Sahariennes (LVPRS), Université Kacedi Merbah, Ouargla, Algérie
| | - Emile M. Gaydou
- Université Paul Cézanne, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de Saint-Jérôme, UMR CNRS 6263, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires de Marseille (ISM2), AD2EM, LSCC, Groupe Phytochimie, Boîte 461, Av Escadrille Normandie Niémen, F-13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Mohamed Yousfi
- Laboratoire des Sciences Fondamentales à l'Université Amar TÉLIDJI de Laghouat, (03000), Algeria
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1711
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Alirezaei M, Dezfoulian O, Sookhtehzari A, Asadian P, Khoshdel Z. Antioxidant effects of oleuropein versus oxidative stress induced by ethanol in the rat intestine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00580-013-1791-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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1712
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Cannillo M, Frea S, Fornengo C, Toso E, Mercurio G, Battista S, Gaita F. Berberine behind the thriller of marked symptomatic bradycardia. World J Cardiol 2013; 5:261-264. [PMID: 23888197 PMCID: PMC3722425 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v5.i7.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic aortic dissections are at high risk of catheter-induced complications. We report a Berberine is used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of congestive heart failure, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidaemia and has a good safety profile. We report a case of a 53-year-old sportsman referred to our hospital for the onset of fatigue and dyspnoea upon exertion after he started berberine to treat hypercholesterolaemia. An electrocardiogram showed sinus bradycardia (45 bpm), first-degree atrioventricular block, and competitive junctional rhythm. An ergometric stress test showed slightly reduced chronotropic competence and the presence of runs of competitive junctional rhythm, atrial tachycardia, and sinus pauses in the recovery. After 10 d of wash-out from berberine, the patient experienced a complete resolution of symptoms, and an ergometric stress test showed good chronotropic competence. An electrocardiogram Holter showed a latent hypervagotonic state. This is the first case report that shows that berberine could present certain side effects in hypervagotonic people, even in the absence of a situation that could cause drug accumulation. Therefore, berberine’s use should be carefully weighed in hypervagotonic people due to the drug’s bradycardic and antiarrhythmic properties, which could became proarrhythmic, exposing patients to potential health risks.
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1713
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Budryn G, Rachwal-Rosiak D. Interactions of Hydroxycinnamic Acids with Proteins and Their Technological and Nutritional Implications. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2012.751545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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1714
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1715
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Lam KL, Chi-Keung Cheung P. Non-digestible long chain beta-glucans as novel prebiotics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcdf.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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1716
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Donadini
- Institute of Oenology and Food Engineering; Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; Via Emilia Parmense, 84 I-29122 Piacenza Italy
| | - M.D. Fumi
- Institute of Oenology and Food Engineering; Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; Via Emilia Parmense, 84 I-29122 Piacenza Italy
| | - S. Porretta
- Experimental Station for the Food Preserving Industry; Viale Tanara, 31/a I-43100 Parma Italy
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1717
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Feliú-Hemmelmann K, Monsalve F, Rivera C. Melissa officinalis and Passiflora caerulea infusion as physiological stress decreaser. Int J Clin Exp Med 2013; 6:444-451. [PMID: 23844268 PMCID: PMC3703115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of a Melissa officinalis and Passiflora caerulea infusion on the severity of physiological chronic stress induced by movement restriction in CF-1 mice. 40 CF-1 male mice, six weeks of age, were divided into 4 groups (n = 10 for each group): (1) Group RS/MP received two treatments, induced stress through movement restriction and a infusion of Melissa officinalis and Passiflora caerulea in a dose of 200 mg/kg, (2) RS group with induced stress using movement restriction, (3) MP group, which received only a infusion, and (4) a CONTROL group that received no treatment. The severity of the stress was obtained by analysis of the physical parameters of body weight, thymus and spleen, and associated biomarkers with stress, corticosterone, and glucose. Animals that consumed Melissa officinalis and Passiflora caerulea infusion had lower plasma corticosterone levels (Student's t test, Welch, p = 0.05), which is the most important biomarker associated with physiological stress, demonstrating a phytotherapy effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Feliú-Hemmelmann
- Unit of Histology and Embryology, Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of TalcaTalca, Chile
| | - Francisco Monsalve
- Unit of Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of TalcaTalca, Chile
| | - César Rivera
- Unit of Histology and Embryology, Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of TalcaTalca, Chile
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1718
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Wang Y, Wang Z, Fu L, Chen Y, Fang J. Legume consumption and colorectal adenoma risk: a meta-analysis of observational studies. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67335. [PMID: 23826270 PMCID: PMC3691186 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The anticancer effects of legumes have been explored extensively, but evidence from epidemiologic studies on colorectal adenoma is controversial. We performed a meta-analysis to assess these issues. Methods A systemic search of several databases was conducted for relevant studies evaluating the relationship between legume intake and adenoma risk, with no language restriction, from January 1, 1966, to April 1, 2013. Results Three cohort and eleven case control studies with 8,380 cases and a total of 101,856 participants were included in the analysis; the pooled odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for the highest vs. lowest consumption categories was 0.83 (0.75–0.93), with moderate level of heterogeneity (I2 = 25.9% and P = 0.146) based on a random effects model. A decreased risk of adenoma was also observed in most of our subgroup meta-analyses. Conclusions Higher intake of legumes significantly reduced the risk of colorectal adenoma in our meta-analysis. Nevertheless, due to possible confounders and bias, further investigations are warranted to confirm this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqian Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenhua Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Linna Fu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingxuan Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
| | - Jingyuan Fang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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1719
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1720
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Nadeem M, Abdullah M, Hussain I, Inayat S. Modification of fatty acid profile of cow milk by calcium salts of fatty acids and its use in ice cream. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2013; 52:1061-7. [PMID: 25694719 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-013-1050-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the effect of calcium salts of fatty acids (CSFA) on fatty acid profile of milk of "Sahiwal" cows and suitability of milk with modified fatty acids in the formulation of ice cream. Fatty acid profile of cow milk was modified by feeding CSFA to eighteen randomly stratified "Sahiwal" cows of first and early lactation divided into three groups. CSFA were offered at two different levels i.e. T1 (150 g per cow per day) T2 (300 g per cow per day) both treatments were compared with a control (T0) without any addition of calcium salts of fatty acids. Iso caloric and iso nitrogenous feeds were given to both experimental groups and control. Concentrations of short chain fatty acids in T0, T1 and T2 were 9.85 ± 0.48a, 8.8 ± 0.24b and 7.1 ± 0.37c %, respectively and the concentrations of C18:1 and C18:2 increased (P < 0.05) from 27.6 ± 1.32b % to 31.7 ± 1.68a % and 2.15 ± 0.09b % to 2.79 ± 0.05a %, respectively, at T2 level. Incorporation of milk fat of T1 and T2 (modified fatty acids profile) in ice cream did not have any adverse effect on pH, acidity and compositional attributes of ice cream. Viscosity of T1 was 67.94 ± 3.77a as compared to (T0) control 68.75 ± 2.46a (CP). Firmness of experimental samples and control were almost similar (P > 0.05) overall acceptability score of T2 was 7.1 ± 0.28b out of 9 (total score) which was more than 78 ± 2.92 %. It was concluded that CSFA may be successfully incorporated up to T2 level (300 g per cow per day) into the feed of "Sahiwal" cows to produce milk with higher content of unsaturated fatty acids and it may be used in the formulation of ice cream with acceptable sensory characteristics and increased health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Nadeem
- Department of Dairy Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sheikh Abdul Qadir Jilani Road Lower Mall, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Abdullah
- Department of Dairy Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sheikh Abdul Qadir Jilani Road Lower Mall, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Imtiaz Hussain
- Department of Dairy Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sheikh Abdul Qadir Jilani Road Lower Mall, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saima Inayat
- Department of Dairy Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sheikh Abdul Qadir Jilani Road Lower Mall, Lahore, Pakistan
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1721
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Silici S, Sarioglu K, Karaman K. DETERMINATION OF POLYPHENOLS OF SOME TURKISH HONEYDEW AND NECTAR HONEYS USING HPLC-DAD. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2012.720332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sibel Silici
- a Agricultural Biotechnology Department , Erciyes University , Kayseri , Turkey
| | - Kemal Sarioglu
- b Food Engineering Department , Erciyes University , Kayseri , Turkey
| | - Kevser Karaman
- a Agricultural Biotechnology Department , Erciyes University , Kayseri , Turkey
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1722
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Durazzo A, Foddai MS, Temperini A, Azzini E, Venneria E, Lucarini M, Finotti E, Maiani G, Crinò P, Saccardo F, Maiani G. Antioxidant Properties of Seeds from Lines of Artichoke, Cultivated Cardoon and Wild Cardoon. Antioxidants (Basel) 2013; 2:52-61. [PMID: 26787623 PMCID: PMC4665403 DOI: 10.3390/antiox2020052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2013] [Revised: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The artichoke (Cynara cardunculus L. subsp. scolymus L.), the cultivated cardoon (Cynara cardunculus var. altilis DC.) and the wild cardoon (Cynara cardunculus var. sylvestris L.) are species widely distributed in the Mediterranean area. The aim of this research was to evaluate the antioxidant properties of seeds from lines of artichoke and cultivated and wild cardoon in both aqueous-organic extracts and their residues by FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power) and TEAC (Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity) evaluations. Both artichoke and cardoon seeds are a good source of antioxidants. Among artichoke seeds, hydrolysable polyphenols contribution to antioxidant properties ranged from 41% to 78% for FRAP values and from 17% to 37% for TEAC values. No difference between cultivated and wild cardoon in antioxidant properties are reported. Our results could provide information about the potential industrial use and application of artichoke and/or cardoon seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Durazzo
- CRA-Ex INRAN (National Research Institute on Food and Nutrition), Via Ardeatina 546, Rome 00178, Italy.
| | - Maria Stella Foddai
- CRA-Ex INRAN (National Research Institute on Food and Nutrition), Via Ardeatina 546, Rome 00178, Italy.
| | - Andrea Temperini
- Department of Science and Technologies for Agriculture, Forestry, Nature and Energy (DAFNE), Tuscia University, Via San Camillo De Lellis snc, Viterbo 01100, Italy.
| | - Elena Azzini
- CRA-Ex INRAN (National Research Institute on Food and Nutrition), Via Ardeatina 546, Rome 00178, Italy.
| | - Eugenia Venneria
- CRA-Ex INRAN (National Research Institute on Food and Nutrition), Via Ardeatina 546, Rome 00178, Italy.
| | - Massimo Lucarini
- CRA-Ex INRAN (National Research Institute on Food and Nutrition), Via Ardeatina 546, Rome 00178, Italy.
| | - Enrico Finotti
- CRA-Ex INRAN (National Research Institute on Food and Nutrition), Via Ardeatina 546, Rome 00178, Italy.
| | - Gianluca Maiani
- CRA-Ex INRAN (National Research Institute on Food and Nutrition), Via Ardeatina 546, Rome 00178, Italy.
| | - Paola Crinò
- Technical Unit for Sustainable Development and Innovation of Agro-Industrial System (UTAGRI), ENEA, Casaccia C.R., Via Anguillarese 301, Rome 00123, Italy.
| | - Francesco Saccardo
- Department of Science and Technologies for Agriculture, Forestry, Nature and Energy (DAFNE), Tuscia University, Via San Camillo De Lellis snc, Viterbo 01100, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Maiani
- CRA-Ex INRAN (National Research Institute on Food and Nutrition), Via Ardeatina 546, Rome 00178, Italy.
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1723
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Wong JE, Parnell WR, Howe AS, Black KE, Skidmore PML. Development and validation of a food-based diet quality index for New Zealand adolescents. BMC Public Health 2013; 13:562. [PMID: 23759064 PMCID: PMC3706237 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As there is no population-specific, simple food-based diet index suitable for examination of diet quality in New Zealand (NZ) adolescents, there is a need to develop such a tool. Therefore, this study aimed to develop an adolescent-specific diet quality index based on dietary information sourced from a Food Questionnaire (FQ) and examine its validity relative to a four-day estimated food record (4DFR) obtained from a group of adolescents aged 14 to 18 years. Methods A diet quality index for NZ adolescents (NZDQI-A) was developed based on ‘Adequacy’ and ‘Variety’ of five food groups reflecting the New Zealand Food and Nutrition Guidelines for Healthy Adolescents. The NZDQI-A was scored from zero to 100, with a higher score reflecting a better diet quality. Forty-one adolescents (16 males, 25 females, aged 14–18 years) each completed the FQ and a 4DFR. The test-retest reliability of the FQ-derived NZDQI-A scores over a two-week period and the relative validity of the scores compared to the 4DFR were estimated using Pearson’s correlations. Construct validity was examined by comparing NZDQI-A scores against nutrient intakes obtained from the 4DFR. Results The NZDQI-A derived from the FQ showed good reliability (r = 0.65) and reasonable agreement with 4DFR in ranking participants by scores (r = 0.39). More than half of the participants were classified into the same thirds of scores while 10% were misclassified into the opposite thirds by the two methods. Higher NZDQI-A scores were also associated with lower total fat and saturated fat intakes and higher iron intakes. Conclusions Higher NZDQI-A scores were associated with more desirable fat and iron intakes. The scores derived from either FQ or 4DFR were comparable and reproducible when repeated within two weeks. The NZDQI-A is relatively valid and reliable in ranking diet quality in adolescents at a group level even in a small sample size. Further studies are required to test the predictive validity of this food-based diet index in larger samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyh Eiin Wong
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
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1724
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Evolution of bioimpedance: a circuitous journey from estimation of physiological function to assessment of body composition and a return to clinical research. Eur J Clin Nutr 2013; 67 Suppl 1:S2-9. [PMID: 23299867 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2012.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Bioimpedance is the collective term that describes safe, non-invasive methods to measure the electrical responses to the introduction of a low-level, alternating current into a living organism, and the biophysical models to estimate body composition from bioelectrical measurements. Although bioimpedance techniques have been used for more than 100 years to monitor assorted biological components, the desire to translate bioelectrical measurements into physiological variables advanced the creation of empirical prediction models that produced inconsistent results. SUBJECTS/METHODS This paper succinctly reviews the origin, and critically evaluates the conceptual models and the implementation of bioimpedance in clinical research, including indirect assessment of assorted physiological functions and body composition (fluid volumes and fat-free mass), classification of hydration, regional fluid accumulation, prognosis in disease and wound healing. RESULTS Despite widespread and mounting interest in the use of bioimpedance to characterise body structure and function, most experimental findings reveal the limitations of existing physical models and reliance on multiple regression models for use in assessments of an individual. CONCLUSIONS Contemporary applications of bioimpedance emphasise the value of bioimpedance variables per se in some novel biomedical applications with the objective of identifying opportunities for future outcome-based research.
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1725
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Smeraglio AC, Kennedy EK, Horgan A, Purnell JQ, Gillingham MB. Change in postprandial substrate oxidation after a high-fructose meal is related to body mass index in healthy men. Nutr Res 2013; 33:435-41. [PMID: 23746558 PMCID: PMC3680788 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2013.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Revised: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Oral fructose decreases fat oxidation and increases carbohydrate oxidation in obese subjects, but the metabolic response to fructose in lean individuals is less well understood. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of a single fructose-rich mixed meal on substrate oxidation in young healthy nonobese men. We hypothesized that a decrease in fat oxidation and an increase in carbohydrate oxidation would be observed after a fructose-rich mixed meal compared with a glucose-rich mixed meal. Twelve healthy, normal weight to overweight, aged 23 to 31 years participated in a double-blind, crossover study. Each participant completed 2 study visits, eating a mixed meal containing 30% of the calories from either fructose or glucose. Blood samples for glucose, insulin, triglycerides, and leptin as well as gas exchange by indirect calorimetry were measured intermittently for 7 hours. Serum insulin was higher after a fructose mixed meal, but plasma glucose, plasma leptin, and serum triglycerides were not different. Mean postprandial respiratory quotient and estimated fat oxidation did not differ between the fructose and glucose meals. The change in fat oxidation between the fructose- and glucose-rich meals negatively correlated with body mass index (BMI; r = -0.59 [P = .04] and r = -0.59 [P = .04] at the 4- and 7-hour time points, respectively). In healthy nonobese men, BMI correlates with altered postprandial fat oxidation after a high-fructose mixed meal. The metabolic response to a high-fructose meal may be modulated by BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne C. Smeraglio
- School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Emily K. Kennedy
- Graduate Programs in Human Nutrition, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Angela Horgan
- Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | | | - Melanie B. Gillingham
- Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
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1726
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Ghorbani A. Phytotherapy for diabetic dyslipidemia: evidence from clinical trials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.2217/clp.13.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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1727
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Buitimea-Cantúa NE, Torres-Chávez PI, Ledesma-Osuna AI, Ramírez-Wong B, Robles-Sánchez RM, Serna-Saldívar SO. Effect of defatting and decortication on distribution of fatty acids, phenolic and antioxidant compounds in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) bran fractions. Int J Food Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.12201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nydia E. Buitimea-Cantúa
- Programa de Posgrado en Ciencias y Tecnología de Alimentos; Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos; Universidad de Sonora; Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales s/n Apdo Postal 1658 Col. Centro.; CP 83000; Hermosillo; Sonora; México
| | - Patricia I. Torres-Chávez
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos; Universidad de Sonora; Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales s/n Apdo postal 1658 Col. Centro.; CP 83000; Hermosillo; Sonora; México
| | - Ana I. Ledesma-Osuna
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos; Universidad de Sonora; Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales s/n Apdo postal 1658 Col. Centro.; CP 83000; Hermosillo; Sonora; México
| | - Benjamin Ramírez-Wong
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos; Universidad de Sonora; Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales s/n Apdo postal 1658 Col. Centro.; CP 83000; Hermosillo; Sonora; México
| | - Rosario M. Robles-Sánchez
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos; Universidad de Sonora; Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales s/n Apdo postal 1658 Col. Centro.; CP 83000; Hermosillo; Sonora; México
| | - Sergio O. Serna-Saldívar
- Biotecnología e Ingeniería de Alimentos; División de Biotecnología y Alimentos; Instituto Tecnológico de Monterrey; CP 64849; Monterrey; Mexico
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1728
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Zheng J, Zhang F, Zhou C, Chen G, Lin M, Kan J. Changes in amino acid contents, texture and microstructure of bamboo shoots during pickling process. Int J Food Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.12160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chunhong Zhou
- College of Food Science; Southwest University; Chongqing; 400715; China
| | - Guangjing Chen
- College of Food Science; Southwest University; Chongqing; 400715; China
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1729
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Grembecka M, Szefer P. Evaluation of honeys and bee products quality based on their mineral composition using multivariate techniques. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2013; 185:4033-47. [PMID: 22930187 PMCID: PMC3613575 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-012-2847-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2011] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this investigation was to estimate honeys and bee products quality in view of their mineral composition using multivariate techniques. Fourteen elements (Ca, Mg, K, Na, P, Co, Mn, Fe, Cr, Ni, Zn, Cu, Cd, and Pb) were determined in 66 honeys and bee products from different places of Poland and Europe and various botanical origins. The total metals contents were analyzed by flame atomic absorption spectrometry using deuterium-background correction after wet digestion with nitric acid in an automatic microwave digestion system. Phosphorus was determined in the form of phosphomolybdate by a spectrophotometric method. Reliability of the procedure was checked by analysis of the certified reference materials tea (NCS DC 73351) and cabbage (IAEA-359). The analytical data indicated a good level of quality of honeys, especially with regard to the concentration of toxic trace elements, such as Cd and Pb. Results were submitted to multivariate analysis, including such techniques as factor and cluster analyses in order to evaluate the existence of data patterns and the possibility of classification of honeys from different botanical origins according to their mineral content. The nine metals determined were considered as chemical descriptors of each sample. There was a significant influence of the botanical and geographical provenance as well as technological processing on the elemental composition of honeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Grembecka
- Department of Food Sciences, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al Gen J Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland.
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1730
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Comparative assessment of redox-sensitive biomarkers due to acacia honey and sodium arsenite administration in vivo. MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12349-013-0127-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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1731
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The intestinal permeability syndrome, celiac disease, gluten sensitivity, autistic spectrum, mycotoxins and immunological tolerance. MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12349-013-0125-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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1732
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Centis E, Moscatiello S, Bugianesi E, Bellentani S, Fracanzani AL, Calugi S, Petta S, Dalle Grave R, Marchesini G. Stage of change and motivation to healthier lifestyle in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Hepatol 2013. [PMID: 23201248 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2012.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS & AIMS Healthy diet and physical activity are the treatment cornerstones of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); their effectiveness is however limited by difficulties in implementing lifestyle changes. We aimed at determining the stage of change and associated psychological factors as a prerequisite to refine strategies to implement behavior changes. METHODS We studied 138 consecutive NAFLD patients (73% male, age 19-73 years). The diagnosis was confirmed by liver biopsy in 64 cases (steatohepatitis, 47%). All cases completed the validated EMME-3 questionnaire, consisting of two parallel sets of instruments (for diet and physical activity, respectively) and providing stages of change according to transtheoretical model. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with stages making behavioral changes more demanding. RESULTS The individual profiles were variable; for diet, no cases had precontemplation as prevalent stage of change (highest score in individual profiles); 36% had contemplation. For physical activity, 50% were classified in either precontemplation or contemplation. Minor differences were recorded in relation to associated metabolic complications or steatohepatitis. Logistic regression identified male sex (odds ratio, 4.51; 95% confidence interval, 1.69-12.08) and age (1.70; 1.20-2.43 per decade) as the independent parameters predicting precontemplation or contemplation for diet. No predictors were identified for physical activity. CONCLUSIONS NAFLD cases have scarce readiness to lifestyle changes, particularly with regard to physical activity. Defining stages of change and motivation offers the opportunity to improve clinical care of NAFLD people through individual programs exploiting the powerful potential of behavioral counseling, an issue to be tested in longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Centis
- Unit of Metabolic Diseases and Clinical Dietetics, Alma Mater Studiorum University, Bologna, Italy
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1733
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1734
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Feinglos MN, Gibb RD, Ramsey DL, Surwit RS, McRorie JW. Psyllium improves glycemic control in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcdf.2013.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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1735
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Plant-based medicines for anxiety disorders, part 2: a review of clinical studies with supporting preclinical evidence. CNS Drugs 2013; 27:301-19. [PMID: 23653088 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-013-0059-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Research in the area of herbal psychopharmacology has revealed a variety of promising medicines that may provide benefit in the treatment of general anxiety and specific anxiety disorders. However, a comprehensive review of plant-based anxiolytics has been absent to date. Thus, our aim was to provide a comprehensive narrative review of plant-based medicines that have clinical and/or preclinical evidence of anxiolytic activity. We present the article in two parts. In part one, we reviewed herbal medicines for which only preclinical investigations for anxiolytic activity have been performed. In this current article (part two), we review herbal medicines for which there have been both preclinical and clinical investigations of anxiolytic activity. A search of MEDLINE (PubMed), CINAHL, Scopus and the Cochrane Library databases was conducted (up to 28 October 2012) for English language papers using the search terms 'anxiety' OR 'anxiety disorder' OR 'generalized anxiety disorder' OR 'social phobia' OR 'post-traumatic stress disorder' OR 'panic disorder' OR 'agoraphobia' OR 'obsessive compulsive disorder' in combination with the search terms 'Herb*' OR 'Medicinal Plants' OR 'Botanical Medicine' OR 'Chinese herb*', in addition to individual herbal medicines. This search of the literature revealed 1,525 papers, of which 53 plants were included in the review (having at least one study using the whole plant extract). Of these plants, 21 had human clinical trial evidence (reviewed here in part two), with the other 32 having solely preclinical evidence (reviewed in part one). Support for efficacy was found for chronic use (i.e. greater than one day) of the following herbs in treating a range of anxiety disorders in human clinical trials: Piper methysticum, Matricaria recutita, Ginkgo biloba, Scutellaria lateriflora, Silybum marianum, Passiflora incarnata, Withania somniferum, Galphimia glauca, Centella asiatica, Rhodiola rosea, Echinacea spp., Melissa officinalis and Echium amoenum. For several of the plants studied, conclusions need to be tempered due to methodological issues such as small sample sizes, brief intervention durations and non-replication. Current evidence does not support Hypericum perforatum or Valeriana spp. for any anxiety disorder. Acute anxiolytic activity was found for Centella asiatica, Salvia spp., Melissa officinalis, Passiflora incarnata and Citrus aurantium. Bacopa monnieri has shown anxiolytic effects in people with cognitive decline. The therapeutic application of psychotropic plant-based treatments for anxiety disorders is also discussed, specifically Psychotria viridis and Banisteriopsis caarti (ayahuasca), Psilocybe spp. and cannabidiol-enriched (low tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ(9)-THC)) Cannabis spp.
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1736
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Mat Lazim N, Abdullah B, Salim R. The effect of Tualang honey in enhancing post tonsillectomy healing process. An open labelled prospective clinical trial. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2013; 77:457-61. [PMID: 23273638 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2012.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Revised: 11/25/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tonsillectomy is a common operative procedure performed for tonsillar hypertrophy complicates with recurrent tonsillitis. Among the post tonsillectomy morbidities, post operative wound healing is of utmost importance to be effectively managed as it will interfere with patient recuperation from surgery. Tualang honey has been shown to accelerate wound healing in postoperative patients. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Tualang honey in enhancing healing process in post tonsillectomy patients. METHODOLOGY In this open labelled prospective study, the selected paediatric patients were randomized into two groups. The 35 subjects in the Tualang honey-antibiotic group received 3 mls of Tualang honey intraoperatively followed by 4 mls of oral Tualang honey three times daily for seven days. Concurrently, 25mg/kg of intravenous Sultamicillin was given three times daily for two days followed by oral Sultamicillin twice daily for five days. The 28 subjects in the antibiotic only group received intravenous at 25mg/kg Sultamicillin kg for two days followed by oral Sultamicillin twice daily for five days. The healing process was assessed at day 1, day 3, day 7 and day 14 postoperatively by semiquantitative endoscopic photograph examination of both tonsillar fossae. RESULTS The average ages for the treatment group and the control groups were 9 and 11 years old respectively. Wound healing was significantly faster in the treatment group in both tonsillar fossae compared to the control group (left: p-value = <0.001; right: p-value = <0.001). CONCLUSION Tualang honey has positive effect in enhancing healing process in post tonsillectomy patient. It is easy to use topically, safe to consume orally and available at low cost locally. Overall it can be used as an excellent adjunct therapy for post operative patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norhafiza Mat Lazim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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1737
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Vasilopoulou E, Dilis V, Trichopoulou A. Nutrition claims: a potentially important tool for the endorsement of Greek Mediterranean traditional foods. MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12349-013-0123-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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1738
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Longo G, Trovato M, Mazzei V, Ferrante M, Conti GO. Ligia italica (Isopoda, Oniscidea) as bioindicator of mercury pollution of marine rocky coasts. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58548. [PMID: 23472204 PMCID: PMC3589354 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the possible role of Ligia italica as a bioindicator for the monitoring of heavy metals pollution in the suppralittoral zone of marine rocky coasts. Between 2004 and 2011 specimens of L. italica were collected along the Eastern Sicilian coasts from sites known for their high pollution levels as they are near to an area where in September 2001 a refinery plant discharged into the sea some waste containing Hg. Other specimens were collected from the Vendicari Natural Reserve located about 30 miles from the polluted sites and used as control area. On a consistent number of animals, the concentration in toto of As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Ni, Pb, V, was determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. On other animals, investigations were carried out in order to check for ultrastructural alterations of the hepatopancreas, that is the main metals storage organ in isopods. Results revealed the presence, in the animals collected in 2004 from the polluted sites, of considerable concentrations of Hg and of lower concentrations of other metals such as As, Pb and V. The Hg bioaccumulation resulted in remarkable ultrastructural alterations of the two cellular types (B and S cells) in the epithelium of the hepatopancreas. Surprisingly, a moderate amount of Hg was also found in specimens collected in 2004 from the Vendicari Natural Reserve, proving that the Hg pollution can also spread many miles away. Animals collected from the polluted sites in the following years showed a progressively decreasing Hg content, reaching very low levels in those from the last sampling. Also, the ultrastructural alterations found in the hepatopancreas of the animals from the last sample were quite irrelevant. In conclusion, Ligia italica can represent a good bioindicator and the ultrastructure of the hepatopancreas could be used as ultrastructural biomarker of heavy metals pollution in the supralittoral zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guglielmo Longo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Michelanna Trovato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Veronica Mazzei
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Margherita Ferrante
- Dipartimento di Anatomia, Biologia e Genetica, Medicina Legale, Neuroscienze, Patologia Diagnostica, Igiene e Sanità Pubblica “G. F. Ingrassia”, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Gea Oliveri Conti
- Dipartimento di Anatomia, Biologia e Genetica, Medicina Legale, Neuroscienze, Patologia Diagnostica, Igiene e Sanità Pubblica “G. F. Ingrassia”, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy
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1739
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Derosa G, D'Angelo A, Bonaventura A, Bianchi L, Romano D, Maffioli P. Effects of berberine on lipid profile in subjects with low cardiovascular risk. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2013; 13:475-82. [PMID: 23441841 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2013.776037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy as antihypercholesterolemic agent of berberine in patients with low cardiovascular risk. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS 144 Caucasian subjects were enrolled. After a 6-month run-in period following diet and practicing physical activity, patients were randomized to take placebo or berberine 500 mg twice a day, for 3 months, in a double-blind, placebo-controlled design. Berberine and placebo were then interrupted for 2 months (washout period), and all patients continued with only diet and physical activity. At the end of the washout period, patients restarted berberine or placebo twice a day for further 3 months. Anthropometric and metabolic parameters were assessed during the run-in period, at randomization, before and after the washout period. RESULTS A decrease of body weight and BMI was observed after the run-in period. Berberine reduced total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL cholesterol and increased HDL cholesterol after 3 months from randomization and compared with placebo. After the washout period, lipid profile worsened; afterward, when berberine was reintroduced, lipid profile improved again both compared with the washout period, and with placebo. CONCLUSIONS Berberine is effective and safe to mildly improve lipid profile in subjects with low risk for cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Derosa
- University of Pavia, Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, P.le C. Golgi, 2 - 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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1740
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Attenuation of CCl4-Induced Oxidative Stress and Hepatonephrotoxicity by Saudi Sidr Honey in Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:569037. [PMID: 23533498 PMCID: PMC3595690 DOI: 10.1155/2013/569037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to investigate the possible protective effect of Saudi Sidr honey (SSH) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced oxidative stress and liver and kidney damage in rat. Moreover, the antioxidant activity and the phenolic and flavonoidal contents were determined. The hepatorenal protective activity of the SSH was determined by assessing biochemical, hematological, and histological parameters. Serum transaminases, ALP, GGT, creatinine, bilirubin urea, uric acid, and MDA level in liver and kidney tissues were significantly elevated, and the antioxidant status of nonprotein sulfhydryls, albumin, and total protein levels in liver and kidney were declined significantly in CCl4 alone treated animals. Pretreatment with SSH and silymarin prior to the administration of CCl4 significantly prevented the increase of the serum levels of enzyme markers and reduced oxidative stress. SSH also exhibited a significant lipid-lowering effect and caused an HDL-C enhanced level in serum. The histopathological evaluation of the liver and kidney also revealed that honey protected incidence of both liver and kidney lesions. Moreover, SSH showed a strong antioxidant activity in DPPH and β -carotene-linoleic acid assays. SSH was found to contain phenolic compounds. Additionally, the SSH supplementation restored the hepatocytes viability against 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein (DCF) toxicity in ex vivo test.
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1741
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Seo WD, Yuk HJ, Curtis-Long MJ, Jang KC, Lee JH, Han SI, Kang HW, Nam MH, Lee SJ, Lee JH, Park KH. Effect of the growth stage and cultivar on policosanol profiles of barley sprouts and their adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase activation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:1117-23. [PMID: 23301834 DOI: 10.1021/jf3041879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an intracellular sensor that can regulate glucose levels within the cell. For this reason, it is well-known to be a target for drugs against diabetes and obesity. AMPK was activated significantly by the hexane extract of barley sprouts. This AMPK activation emerges across the growth stages of the sprout, becoming most significant (3 times above the initial stages) 10 days after sprouting. After this time, the activation decreased between 13 and 20 days post-sprouting. Analysis of the hexane extracts by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry showed that the amounts of policosanols (PCs, which are linear, primary aliphatic alcohols with 20-30 carbons) in the plant dramatically increased between 5 days (109.7 mg/100 g) and 10 days (343.7 mg/100 g) post-sprouting and then levels fell back down, reaching 76.4 mg/100 g at 20 days post-sprouting. This trend is consistent with PCs being the active ingredient in the barley plants. We validate this by showing that hexacosanol is an activator of AMPK. The richest cultivar for PCs was found to be the Daejin cultivar. Cultivars had a significant effect on the total PC content (113.2-183.5 mg/100 g) within the plant up to 5 days post-sprouting. However this dependence upon the cultivar was not so apparent at peak stages of PC production (10 days post-sprouting). The most abundant PC in barley sprout, hexacosanol, contributed 62-80% of the total PC content at every stage. These results are valuable to determine the optimal times of harvest to obtain the highest yield of PCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Duck Seo
- Department of Functional Crop, National Institute of Crop Science-NICS, Rural Development Administration-RDA, Miryang 627-803, Republic of Korea
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1742
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Monfalouti HE, Charrouf Z, Hamdouchi AE, Labraimi H, Chafchaouni-Moussaoui I, Kartah B, Kari KE, Bensouda Y, Derouich A, Dodin S, Denhez C, Guillaume D, Agnaou H. Argan Oil and Postmenopausal Moroccan Women: Impact on the Vitamin E Profile. Nat Prod Commun 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1300800113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin E supplements could be beneficial for postmenopausal women. To evaluate the effect of edible argan oil consumption on the antioxidant status of postmenopausal women, the vitamin E serum level of 151 menopausal women consuming either olive or argan oil was determined. Serum level of vitamin E was increased in the argan oil consumer group. Therefore, an argan oil-enriched diet can be recommended to help prevent some postmenopausal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanae El Monfalouti
- Laboratoire de chimie des plantes, Université Mohammed V-Agdal, Faculty of Science, BP1014 Rabat, Morocco
- URCA-CNRS UMR6229, School of Medicine-Pharmacy, 51 Rue Cognacq Jay, 51100 Reims, France
| | - Zoubida Charrouf
- Laboratoire de chimie des plantes, Université Mohammed V-Agdal, Faculty of Science, BP1014 Rabat, Morocco
| | - Asma El Hamdouchi
- Unité Mixte de Recherche en Nutrition-Alimentation, Kenitra, Morocco
| | - Hanane Labraimi
- Unité Mixte de Recherche en Nutrition-Alimentation, Kenitra, Morocco
| | - Imane Chafchaouni-Moussaoui
- Laboratoire de Chimie et d'innovation Thérapeutique, Centre de Recherche d'Universiapolis, Bad el Madina, BP8143, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Badreddine Kartah
- Laboratoire de chimie des plantes, Université Mohammed V-Agdal, Faculty of Science, BP1014 Rabat, Morocco
| | - Khalid El Kari
- Unité Mixte de Recherche en Nutrition-Alimentation, Kenitra, Morocco
| | - Yahya Bensouda
- Faculté de Médecine et Pharmacie, Université Mohammed V, Soussi, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Abdelfettah Derouich
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Lipoprotéines et l'Athérosclérose. Faculté des Sciences Ben M'sik, Université Hassanll Mohammedia, Casablanca Morocco
| | - Sylvie Dodin
- Département d'obstétrique et de gynécologie, Université de Laval, Québec, Qc, G1V0A6 Canada
| | - Clément Denhez
- URCA-CNRS UMR6229, School of Medicine-Pharmacy, 51 Rue Cognacq Jay, 51100 Reims, France
| | - Dom Guillaume
- URCA-CNRS UMR6229, School of Medicine-Pharmacy, 51 Rue Cognacq Jay, 51100 Reims, France
| | - Hassan Agnaou
- Unité Mixte de Recherche en Nutrition-Alimentation, Kenitra, Morocco
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1743
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Boutayeb W, Lamlili MEN, Boutayeb A, Boutayeb S. Estimation of direct and indirect cost of diabetes in Morocco. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/jbise.2013.67090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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1744
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Ciemniak A, Witczak A, Mocek K. Assessment of honey contamination with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2013; 48:993-998. [PMID: 23998312 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2013.816609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess honey contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Six species of honey were examined, as well as rape blossom and soil from villages Pęczerzyno and Przybysław in West Pomerania, Poland. The instrumental analysis was performed using a HP 6890 gas chromatograph coupled to a HP 5973 mass spectrometer with selected ion monitoring (SIM). Quantification was done by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) using perdeuterated internal standards. Both soil samples showed high levels of all 23 PAHs, whereas honey contained mostly non-carcinogenic PAHs of low molecular weight. The most contaminated honey from Pęczerzyno contained 0.24 μg kg-1 benzo[a]pyrene. Moreover, despite low contamination of honey, a positive correlation was found between PAH content in honey, blossom and soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Ciemniak
- Toxicology Dept., West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland.
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1745
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Cimpoiu C, Hosu A, Miclaus V, Puscas A. Determination of the floral origin of some Romanian honeys on the basis of physical and biochemical properties. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 100:149-154. [PMID: 22579329 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2012.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Revised: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the physical and biochemical properties of some Romanian honeys in order to discriminate between their floral origins. The evaluated properties were total phenolic content, total protein content, total free amino acids content, color intensity (ABS(450)), pH, ash content, antioxidant activity. Twenty-six commercial honeys from six types of flowers (acacia, sunflower, forest, polyfloral, lime and Sea Buckthorn) were investigated. All samples showed considerable variations with reference to their properties. The properties values were in the range of approved limits (according to EU legislation). The total phenolic, total protein and total free amino acids contents and color intensity varied considerably. Similarly, forest honey had the highest antioxidant activity while the lowest was found in acacia honey. Correlation between the floral origin of honeys and the physical and biochemical properties, respectively, was observed. Moreover, this study demonstrates remarkable variation in DPPH scavenging activity and content of total phenols in honey, depending on its botanic source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Cimpoiu
- Babes-Bolyai University, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 11 Arany Janos, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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1746
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Marini E, Sergi G, Succa V, Saragat B, Sarti S, Coin A, Manzato E, Buffa R. Efficacy of specific bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA) for assessing body composition in the elderly. J Nutr Health Aging 2013; 17:515-21. [PMID: 23732547 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-012-0411-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to ascertain the efficacy of bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA) in assessing body composition in the elderly by comparing findings with the results of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and to test an analytical variant of the method (specific BIVA). DESIGN Cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS The sample comprised 207 free-living elderly individuals (75 men and 132 women) aged 65 to 93 years. MEASUREMENTS Anthropometric and bioelectrical measurements were taken according to standard criteria. BIVA was applied using the 'classic' procedure and correcting bioelectrical values for body geometry to obtain an estimate of the whole-body impedivity. DXA was used as a reference body composition assessment method. BIVA (classic and specific values) and DXA findings were compared using Student's t and Hotelling's T2 tests, and Pearson's correlation coefficient. RESULTS In both sexes, BIVA distinguished between individuals with different amounts of fat and fat-free mass (lean mass including bone mineral content), according to DXA, but not between those with different proportions of fat mass (FM%). Specific bioelectrical values detected changes in body composition. CONCLUSION BIVA should be used with caution for evaluating body composition in the elderly. Specific bioelectrical values proved effective, showing promise as a methodological variant of BIVA, suitable for identifying age-related changes in body fatness.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Marini
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Anthropological Science Section, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy.
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1747
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Trace elements in the blood of institutionalized elderly in the Czech Republic. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2012; 56:389-94. [PMID: 23245729 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2012.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Revised: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 11/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Whole blood selenium, copper, zinc and manganese concentrations of 197 institutionalized senior citizens (46 males, 151 females) aged 61-100 years (mean age 83.6 years) were determined using atomic absorption spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry from two localities in the Czech Republic (Prague and Teplice) from 2009 through 2011. Geometric means (GM) of whole blood selenium (B-Se), copper (B-Cu), zinc (B-Zn) and manganese (B-Mn) levels were 74.0 μg/l, 941.0 μg/l, 5898.0 μg/l and 10.9 μg/l, respectively. Gender-related differences were found with significantly higher B-Cu levels in women and significantly higher B-Zn levels in men. The percentage of seniors with B-Se levels lower than 56 μg/l (which is equivalent to the critical value of 45 μg/l of Se in serum (S-Se)) was 8.6%. A negative correlation between age and B-Se levels was found. B-Zn positively correlated with serum albumin and prealbumin whereas a negative correlation between age and B-Zn was observed. Seniors with diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis had higher B-Cu and B-Mn levels, respectively, than those without these diagnoses. The elderly from Prague had significantly higher B-Mn concentrations than those from Teplice. We found no evidence of serious essential elements deficiencies or excesses in the seniors who participated in this study.
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1748
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Chutkan R, Fahey G, Wright WL, McRorie J. Viscous versus nonviscous soluble fiber supplements: mechanisms and evidence for fiber-specific health benefits. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 24:476-87. [PMID: 22845031 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7599.2012.00758.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This review focuses on the health benefits of viscous versus nonviscous soluble fibers, why symptoms can occur with increased fiber consumption, and how to avoid symptoms to improve adherence with a high-fiber diet. DATA SOURCES Review of scientific literature as well as evidence-based guidelines and resources. CONCLUSIONS While it is generally known that "fiber is good for you," it is less well known that specific health benefits are associated with specific fiber characteristics. Many of the health benefits of fiber can be directly correlated with the viscosity of soluble fibers when hydrated (i.e., gel-forming). A reduction in viscosity of a given fiber will attenuate these health benefits, and a nonviscous fiber does not exhibit these health benefits. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Increasing the viscosity of chyme with a viscous soluble fiber has been shown clinically to lower cholesterol for cardiovascular health, improve glycemic control in type 2 diabetes, normalize stool form in both constipation (softens hard stool) and diarrhea (firms loose/liquid stool), and improve the objective clinical measures of metabolic syndrome (glycemic control, lipoprotein profile, body mass index/weight loss, and blood pressure).
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1749
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Nartey ET, Ofosuhene M, Agbale CM. Anti-ulcerogenic activity of the root bark extract of the African laburnum "Cassia sieberiana" and its effect on the anti-oxidant defence system in rats. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 12:247. [PMID: 23228052 PMCID: PMC3577646 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the widespread use of roots of Cassia sieberiana in managing several health conditions including gastric ulcer disease, there is little scientific data to support the rational phytotherapeutics as an anti-ulcer agent. This paper reports an evaluation of the in vivo anti-oxidant properties of an aqueous root bark extract of C. sieberiana in experimental gastric ulcer rats in a bid to elucidate its mechanism of action. METHODS Fisher 344 (F(344)) rats received pretreatment of C. sieberiana root bark extract (500, 750, and 1000 mg/kg body wt.) for 7 days after which there was induction of gastric injury with absolute ethanol. The mean ulcer index (MUI) was calculated and serum total anti-oxidant level determined. Gastric mucosal tissues were prepared and the activity level of the enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were measured together with the level of lipid hydroperoxides (LPO). Statistical difference between treatment groups was analysed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Dunnett's post hoc t test. Statistical significance was calculated at P< 0.05. RESULTS The administration of ethanol triggered severe acute gastric ulcer and pretreatment with C. sieberiana root bark extract significantly and dose dependently protected against this effect. The root bark extract also dose dependently and significantly inhibited the ethanol induced decrease in activity levels of the enzymes SOD, CAT and GPx. The extract also inhibited the ethanol-induced decrease in level of serum total anti-oxidant capacity. The increase in ethanol-induced LPO level and MPO activity were also significantly and dose-dependently inhibited by the root bark extract. CONCLUSIONS The gastro-cytoprotective effect, inhibition of decrease in activity of gastric anti-oxidant enzymes and MPO as well as the inhibition of gastric LPO level suggests that one of the anti-ulcer mechanisms of C. sieberiana is the anti-oxidant property.
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1750
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Palabhanvi B, Belur PD. Enhancing Gallic Acid Content in Green Tea Extract by Using Novel Cell-Associated Tannase of B
acillus massiliensis. J Food Biochem 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Basavaraj Palabhanvi
- Department of Chemical Engineering; National Institute of Technology Karnataka; Surathkal, Srinivasanagar Mangalore 575 025 India
| | - Prasanna D. Belur
- Department of Chemical Engineering; National Institute of Technology Karnataka; Surathkal, Srinivasanagar Mangalore 575 025 India
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