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Sarpong L, Boadi NO, Akoto O. Metal Fractionation and Leaching in Soils from a Gold Mining Area in the Equatorial Rainforest Zone. J CHEM-NY 2023; 2023:1-14. [DOI: 10.1155/2023/3542165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In this article, a modified BCR procedure and a column leaching test were used to examine the bioavailability and mobility of heavy metals in soils collected from a gold mining area in Ghana. The results for the fractionation of Cd, Cr, Fe, and Mn indicated that high percentages of metals were found in the residual fraction. This implies that the concentrations of metals in the soil are stable under normal environmental conditions. The bioavailability of metals in the soils declined in the following order: Mn (92.4%) > Cd (64.6%) > Cr (46.4%) > Fe (39%). However, the concentrations of labile metals may pose no risk to the environment. In the column test, different rainwater conditions (i.e., natural rainwater and acidified rainwater) were used to imitate the leaching potential of the metals in the actual field. The pH of the soil primarily controlled metal migration into deeper layers. Cumulative metal concentrations in the leachates showed that Fe, Mn, and Cd were high in the tested soils but present at low concentrations, except for Cd. Cadmium showed a higher concentration than the WHO guideline for drinking water, and its seepage into deeper layers may affect the quality of groundwater.
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152
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Vilakazi SP, Muchaonyerwa P, Buthelezi-Dube NN. Characteristics and liming potential of biochar types from potato waste and pine-bark. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0282011. [PMID: 36802405 PMCID: PMC9943015 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Large amount of wastes are burnt or left to decompose on site or at landfills where they cause air pollution and nutrient leaching to groundwater. Waste management strategies that return these food wastes to agricultural soils recover the carbon and nutrients that would otherwise have been lost, enrich soils and improve crop productivity. This study characterised biochar produced by pyrolysis of potato peels (PP), cull potato (CP) and pine bark (PB) at 350 and 650°C. The biochar types were analysed for pH, phosphorus (P) and other elemental composition. Proximate analysis was done following ASTM standard 1762-84, while surface functional groups and external morphology characteristics were determined using FTIR and SEM; respectively. Pine bark biochar had higher yield and fixed carbon (FC), and lower ash content and volatile matter than biochar types from potato wastes. The liming potential of CP 650°C is greater than that of PB biochars. Biochar types from potato waste had more functional groups even at high pyrolysis temperature relative to pine bark. Potato waste biochars showed an increase in pH, calcium carbonate equivalent (CCE), K and P content with increasing pyrolysis temperature. These findings imply that biochar from potato waste may be valuable for soil C storage, remediating acidity and increasing availability of nutrients especially K and P in acidic soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samukelisiwe P. Vilakazi
- School of Agriculture, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
- * E-mail:
| | - Pardon Muchaonyerwa
- School of Agriculture, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Nkosinomusa N. Buthelezi-Dube
- School of Agriculture, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
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153
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Oliveira CEA, Tinôco IDFF, de Oliveira VC, Rodrigues PHDM, da Silva LF, Damasceno FA, Andrade RR, de Sousa FC, Barbari M, Bambi G. Spatial Distribution of Bedding Attributes in an Open Compost-Bedded Pack Barn System with Positive Pressure Ventilation in Brazilian Winter Conditions. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13050786. [PMID: 36899643 PMCID: PMC10000170 DOI: 10.3390/ani13050786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to characterize the dependence and spatial distribution of bedding attributes in an open compost-bedded pack barn (CBP) system with positive pressure ventilation during the winter period in Brazil. The study was conducted in July 2021, in the Zona da Mata region, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The bedding area (shavings and wood sawdust) was divided into a mesh with 44 equidistant points. At each point, the bedding temperature at the surface (tB-sur) and at a depth of 0.2 m (tB-20) and the air velocity at bedding level (vair,B) were measured, and bedding samples were collected. The bedding samples were used to determine the moisture level and pH at the surface (MB-sur e pHB-sur) and at a depth of 0.2 m (MB-20 and pHB-20). The spatial behavior of the variables was evaluated using geostatistics techniques. For all variables, the occurrence of strong spatial dependence was verified. Through the maps, it was observed that tB-sur, tB-20, MB-sur, MB-20, and vair,B showed high spatial variability, whereas pHB-sur and pHB-20 demonstrated low variation. On the surface, values of tB-sur < 20 °C and MB-sur > 60% were observed. At the subsurface, there was a predominance of tB-20 < 40 °C, MB-20 > 60%, and pH > 9, which are indications of low bedding composting activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Eduardo Alves Oliveira
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Victor Crespo de Oliveira
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Leonardo França da Silva
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil
| | - Flávio Alves Damasceno
- Department of Engineering, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Lavras 37200-900, MG, Brazil
| | - Rafaella Resende Andrade
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Firenze, 50145 Firenze, Italy
| | - Fernanda Campos de Sousa
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil
| | - Matteo Barbari
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Firenze, 50145 Firenze, Italy
| | - Gianluca Bambi
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Firenze, 50145 Firenze, Italy
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154
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Gaba Y, Bhowal B, Pareek A, Singla-Pareek SL. Genomic Survey of Flavin Monooxygenases in Wild and Cultivated Rice Provides Insight into Evolution and Functional Diversities. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24. [PMID: 36835601 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The flavin monooxygenase (FMO) enzyme was discovered in mammalian liver cells that convert a carcinogenic compound, N-N'-dimethylaniline, into a non-carcinogenic compound, N-oxide. Since then, many FMOs have been reported in animal systems for their primary role in the detoxification of xenobiotic compounds. In plants, this family has diverged to perform varied functions like pathogen defense, auxin biosynthesis, and S-oxygenation of compounds. Only a few members of this family, primarily those involved in auxin biosynthesis, have been functionally characterized in plant species. Thus, the present study aims to identify all the members of the FMO family in 10 different wild and cultivated Oryza species. Genome-wide analysis of the FMO family in different Oryza species reveals that each species has multiple FMO members in its genome and that this family is conserved throughout evolution. Taking clues from its role in pathogen defense and its possible function in ROS scavenging, we have also assessed the involvement of this family in abiotic stresses. A detailed in silico expression analysis of the FMO family in Oryza sativa subsp. japonica revealed that only a subset of genes responds to different abiotic stresses. This is supported by the experimental validation of a few selected genes using qRT-PCR in stress-sensitive Oryza sativa subsp. indica and stress-sensitive wild rice Oryza nivara. The identification and comprehensive in silico analysis of FMO genes from different Oryza species carried out in this study will serve as the foundation for further structural and functional studies of FMO genes in rice as well as other crop types.
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155
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Fagodiya RK, Singh A, Singh R, Rani S, Kumar S, Rai AK, Sheoran P, Chandra P, Yadav RK, Sharma PC, Biswas AK, Chaudhari SK. The food-energy-water-carbon nexus of the rice-wheat production system in the western Indo-Gangetic Plain of India: An impact of irrigation system, conservational tillage and residue management. Sci Total Environ 2023; 860:160428. [PMID: 36436645 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The conventional rice-wheat system in the western Indo-Gangetic plain of India is energy and water intensive with high carbon footprint. The transition towards resource-efficient eco-friendly production technologies with lower footprint is required for inclusive ecological sustenance. A five-year (2016-17 to 2020-21) field experiment was conducted in RWS with hypothesis that pressurized irrigation systems [drip (DRIP) and mini-sprinkler (MSIS)] in conservation tillage [reduced (RT)/zero (ZT)] and crop residue management [incorporation (RI)/mulch (RM)] might result in higher resource use efficiency with lesser carbon footprint compared to conventional system. Experiment consisted five treatments namely (1) puddled transplanted rice followed by conventionally tilled wheat (PTR/CTW), (2) DRIP irrigated reduced till direct seeded rice (RTDSR) followed by zero-till wheat with 100 % rice residue mulching (ZTW + RM) (DRIP-RTDSR/ZTW + RM), (3) surface irrigated RTDSR followed by ZTW + RM (SIS-RTDSR/ZTW + RM), (4) MSIS irrigated RTDSR followed by ZTW + RM (MSIS-RTDSR/ZTW + RM), and (5) MSIS irrigated RTDSR with 1/3rd wheat residue incorporation followed by ZTW + RM (MSIS-RTDSR + RI/ZTW + RM). The pressurized irrigation system in RWS established under conservational tillage and residue management (DRIP-RTDSR/ZTW + RM and MSIS-DSR + RI/ZTW + RM) produced at par system productivity compared to PTR/CTW. Substantial nitrogen (79-114 ka ha-1) and irrigation water (536-680 mm) savings under pressurized irrigation systems resulted in 41-64 % higher partial factor productivity of nitrogen with 48-61 % lower water footprint. These systems had lower energy consumption attaining 15-21 % higher net energy, 44-61 % higher energy use efficiency, and 31-38 % lower specific energy. Efficient utilization of farm inputs caused lower greenhouse gas emission (39-44 %) and enhanced carbon sequestration (35-62 %) resulting 63-76 % lower carbon footprint over PTR/CTW. The information generated here might useful in developing policies for resource and climate-smart food production system aiming livelihood security and ecological sustainability in the region. Further, trials are needed for wider adaptability under different climate, soil and agronomic practices to develop site-specific climate smart practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram K Fagodiya
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India.
| | - Ajay Singh
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Ranbir Singh
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Sonia Rani
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - S Kumar
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Arvind Kumar Rai
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Parvender Sheoran
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Priyanka Chandra
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - R K Yadav
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - P C Sharma
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - A K Biswas
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal 462038, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - S K Chaudhari
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), New Delhi 110001, Delhi, India
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156
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Ullah S, Ali I, Yang M, Zhao Q, Iqbal A, Wu X, Ahmad S, Muhammad I, Khan A, Adnan M, Yuan P, Jiang L. Partial Substitution of Urea with Biochar Induced Improvements in Soil Enzymes Activity, Ammonia-Nitrite Oxidizers, and Nitrogen Uptake in the Double-Cropping Rice System. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020527. [PMID: 36838492 PMCID: PMC9959172 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Biochar is an important soil amendment that can enhance the biological properties of soil, as well as nitrogen (N) uptake and utilization in N-fertilized crops. However, few studies have characterized the effects of urea and biochar application on soil biochemical traits and its effect on paddy rice. Therefore, a field trial was conducted in the early and late seasons of 2020 in a randomized complete block design with two N levels (135 and 180 kg ha-1) and four levels of biochar (0, 10, 20, and 30 t ha-1). The treatment combinations were as follows: 135 kg N ha-1 + 0 t B ha-1 (T1), 135 kg N ha-1 + 10 t B ha-1 (T2), 135 kg N ha-1 + 20 t B ha-1 (T3), 135 kg N ha-1 + 30 t B ha-1 (T4), 180 kg N ha-1 + 0 t B ha-1 (T5), 180 kg N ha-1 + 10 t B ha-1 (T6), 180 kg N ha-1 + 20 t B ha-1 (T7) and 180 kg N ha-1 + 30 t B ha-1 (T8). The results showed that soil amended with biochar had higher soil pH, soil organic carbon content, total nitrogen content, and mineral nitrogen (NH4+-N and NO3--N) than soil that had not been amended with biochar. In both seasons, the 20 t ha-1 and 30 t ha-1 biochar treatments had the highest an average concentrations of NO3--N (10.54 mg kg-1 and 10.25 mg kg-1, respectively). In comparison to soil that had not been treated with biochar, the average activity of the enzymes urease, polyphenol oxidase, dehydrogenase, and chitinase was, respectively, 25.28%, 14.13%, 67.76%, and 22.26% greater; however, the activity of the enzyme catalase was 15.06% lower in both seasons. Application of biochar considerably increased the abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), which was 48% greater on average in biochar-amended soil than in unamended soil. However, there were no significant variations in the abundances of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) or nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) across treatments. In comparison to soil that had not been treated with biochar, the average N content was 24.46%, 20.47%, and 19.08% higher in the stem, leaves, and panicles, respectively. In general, adding biochar at a rate of 20 to 30 t ha-1 with low-dose urea (135 kg N ha-1) is a beneficial technique for improving the nutrient balance and biological processes of soil, as well as the N uptake and grain yield of rice plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saif Ullah
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Guangxi University, Education Department of Guangxi, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Izhar Ali
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Guangxi University, Education Department of Guangxi, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Quan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Guangxi University, Education Department of Guangxi, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Anas Iqbal
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Guangxi University, Education Department of Guangxi, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Guangxi University, Education Department of Guangxi, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Shakeel Ahmad
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Guangxi University, Education Department of Guangxi, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Ihsan Muhammad
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Guangxi University, Education Department of Guangxi, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Abdullah Khan
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Guangxi University, Education Department of Guangxi, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Muhammad Adnan
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Guangxi University, Education Department of Guangxi, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Pengli Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Guangxi University, Education Department of Guangxi, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Ligeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Guangxi University, Education Department of Guangxi, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Correspondence:
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157
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Ganugi P, Fiorini A, Tabaglio V, Capra F, Zengin G, Bonini P, Caffi T, Puglisi E, Trevisan M, Lucini L. The Functional Profile and Antioxidant Capacity of Tomato Fruits Are Modulated by the Interaction between Microbial Biostimulants, Soil Properties, and Soil Nitrogen Status. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020520. [PMID: 36830078 PMCID: PMC9951999 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of microbial biostimulants to plants has revealed positive effects related to nutrients uptake, stress tolerance, root development and phenological growth. However, little information is available exploiting the potential synergistic biostimulant action of microbes on the functional quality of the yields. The current research elucidated the effect of single or coupled action of biostimulants, associated with either optimal or reduced nitrogen application, on the functional quality of tomato fruits. Chemical assays and untargeted metabolomics were applied to investigate Rhizoglomus irregulare and Funneliformis mosseae administration (both being arbuscular mycorrhiza, AMF), under optimal or low N input conditions, alone or coupled to Trichoderma atroviride application. The coupling of AMF and Trichoderma fungal inoculations resulted in a synergistic biostimulant effect on tomato fruits under sub-optimal fertility, revealing improved concentrations of carotenoid compounds-B-carotene (0.647 ± 0.243 mg/100 g), Z-carotene (0.021 ± 0.021 mg/100 g), 13-z-lycopene (0.145 ± 0.052 mg/100 g) and all-trans-lycopene (12.586 ± 1.511 mg/100 g), and increased values for total phenolic content (12.9 ± 2.9 mgGAE/g), total antioxidant activity (phosphomolybdenum, 0.9 ± 0.2 mmolTE/g), radical scavenging activity (DPPH, 3.4 ± 3.7 mgTE/g), reducing power (FRAP, 23.6 ± 6.3 mgTE/g and CUPRAC, 37.4 ± 7.6 mg TE/g), and enzyme inhibitory activity (AChE, 2.4 ± 0.1 mg GALAE/g), when compared to control. However, evidence of carotenoid and bioactive compounds were exclusively observed under the sub-optimal fertility and no significant differences could be observed between the biostimulant treatment and control under optimal fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Ganugi
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Andrea Fiorini
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Tabaglio
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Federico Capra
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Konya Campus, 8300 Konya, Turkey
| | | | - Tito Caffi
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Edoardo Puglisi
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Marco Trevisan
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Luigi Lucini
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
- Correspondence:
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158
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Burg P, Badalíková B, Mašán V, Csáki Š, Burgová J, Turan J, Matwijczuk A. Evaluation of the Effect of Deep Compost Application in the Areas around Vineyard Tree Trunks on Selected Soil Chemical Properties and the Vegetative Growth of the Vine. Processes (Basel) 2023; 11:632. [DOI: 10.3390/pr11020632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In the context of sustainability, viticulture will address issues related to soil fertility in the coming period. Greater attention will therefore be paid to replacing traditional manure-based fertilisers, such as farmyard manure, with new types of fertiliser in the form of composts, digestate, etc. Experience to date suggests that good-quality composts are not only a source of nutrients that the vines take from the soil each year, but also a source of organic matter. The application of compost and its subsequent decomposition in the soil profile can have a positive effect on the growth of the roots and above-ground parts of the vine. However, optimising the effects and action of compost is linked to determining the necessary doses and methods of application. The aim of this three-year study was to provide an overview of the results aimed at evaluating the effects of the application of compost (CO) and compost enriched with the addition of lignohumate (CO+L20), at a rate of 30 t·ha−1, in the areas around vineyard tree trunks on selected soil chemical properties and the vegetative growth of the vine (Vitis vinifera L.). The unfertilised variant (CWC) was used as a control. Each variant was established in three replicates that were 20 m long. Experimental measurements and evaluation were carried out in the period of 2018–2020 on two sites with different soil conditions (Lednice and Velké Bílovice) and two different grape varieties (Sauvignon Blanc and Pinot Gris). Meteorological data were continuously monitored during the period under review. Chemical properties of the soil samples of the three experimental variants were determined (e.g., content of organic carbon, humic acids, humic substances, humification rate, etc.). The evaluations that were carried out confirmed that the addition of organic matter in the form of composts to the soil in the CO and CO+L20 variants positively influenced the quality of organic matter. The organic carbon content increased by 56–139% in variants with deep compost application (CO, CO+L20) during the monitored period compared to the CWC, depending on the location. Similarly, the degree of humification increased by 70–84%, and the soil microbial biomass increased by 38–136% in the treated variants compared to the CWC. In addition to the dynamics of the changes in the chemical properties, the aim of the performed measurements was to evaluate the rate of the growth shoots, which was linked to the fertilizing effects of the applied compost in the experimental vineyard. At the site in Velké Bílovice, the total difference in the length of the shoots was higher in the CO by 2.6–4.6% and in the CO+L20 by 7.5–12.5% compared to the CWC. At the site in Lednice, the situation was similar, and the total difference in the length of the shoots was higher in the CO by 4.6–7.2% and in the CO+L20 by 5.3–13.2%. The results that were obtained may constitute an important basis for the management of organic fertilization on plots with different soil conditions and cultivated varieties in order to optimize the vegetative growth of the vine.
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159
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Sorze A, Valentini F, Dorigato A, Pegoretti A. Development of a Xanthan Gum Based Superabsorbent and Water Retaining Composites for Agricultural and Forestry Applications. Molecules 2023; 28. [PMID: 36838941 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, bio-based hydrogel composites of xanthan gum and cellulose fibers were developed to be used both as soil conditioners and topsoil covers, to promote plant growth and forest protection. The rheological, morphological, and water absorption properties of produced hydrogels were comprehensively investigated, together with the analysis of the effect of hydrogel addition to the soil. Specifically, the moisture absorption capability of these hydrogels was above 1000%, even after multiple dewatering/rehydration cycles. Moreover, the soil treated with 1.8 wt% of these materials increased the water absorption capacity by approximately 60% and reduced the water evaporation rate, due to the formation of a physical network between the soil, xanthan gum and cellulose fibers. Practical experiments on the growth of herbaceous and tomato plants were also performed, showing that the addition of less than 2 wt% of hydrogels into the soil resulted in higher growth rate values than untreated soil. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that the use of the produced topsoil covers helped promote plant growth. The exceptional water-regulating properties of the investigated materials could allow for the development of a simple, inexpensive and scalable technology to be extensively applied in forestry and/or agricultural applications, to improve plant resilience and face the challenges related to climate change.
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160
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Gohari NR, Modiri S, Yari H, Saffari M, Baghizadeh A. The application of hydrophilic polyvinyl alcohol coatings filled with different loadings of zinc oxide nanoparticles to mitigate salinity stress of the wheat seeds. J Appl Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Rostami Gohari
- Polymer Engineering Group, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Department Graduate University of Advanced Technology Kerman Iran
| | - Sina Modiri
- Polymer Engineering Group, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Department Graduate University of Advanced Technology Kerman Iran
| | - Hossein Yari
- Department of Surface Coatings and Corrosion Institute for Color Science and Technology (ICST) Tehran Iran
| | - Mahboub Saffari
- Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences Graduate University of Advanced Technology Kerman Iran
| | - Amin Baghizadeh
- Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences Graduate University of Advanced Technology Kerman Iran
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Tian Y, Shi C, Malo CU, Kwatcho Kengdo S, Heinzle J, Inselsbacher E, Ottner F, Borken W, Michel K, Schindlbacher A, Wanek W. Long-term soil warming decreases microbial phosphorus utilization by increasing abiotic phosphorus sorption and phosphorus losses. Nat Commun 2023; 14:864. [PMID: 36792624 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36527-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is an essential and often limiting element that could play a crucial role in terrestrial ecosystem responses to climate warming. However, it has yet remained unclear how different P cycling processes are affected by warming. Here we investigate the response of soil P pools and P cycling processes in a mountain forest after 14 years of soil warming (+4 °C). Long-term warming decreased soil total P pools, likely due to higher outputs of P from soils by increasing net plant P uptake and downward transportation of colloidal and particulate P. Warming increased the sorption strength to more recalcitrant soil P fractions (absorbed to iron oxyhydroxides and clays), thereby further reducing bioavailable P in soil solution. As a response, soil microbes enhanced the production of acid phosphatase, though this was not sufficient to avoid decreases of soil bioavailable P and microbial biomass P (and biotic phosphate immobilization). This study therefore highlights how long-term soil warming triggers changes in biotic and abiotic soil P pools and processes, which can potentially aggravate the P constraints of the trees and soil microbes and thereby negatively affect the C sequestration potential of these forests.
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Ahmad MSA, Riffat A, Hussain M, Hameed M, Alvi AK. Toxicity and tolerance of nickel in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:50346-50363. [PMID: 36795210 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25705-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed at exploration of nickel (Ni) application (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg L-1) on physiological and biochemical attributes of sunflower cultivars (Hysun-33 and SF-187) grown in sand culture. Results revealed a significant decrease in vegetative parameters in both sunflower cultivars by increasing Ni concentration, although low levels of Ni (10 mg L-1) improved growth attributes to some extent. Among photosynthetic attributes, 30 and 40 mg L-1 Ni application severely reduced the photosynthetic rate (A), stomatal conductance (gs), water use efficiency (WUE), and Ci/Ca ratio but improved the transpiration rate (E) in both sunflower cultivars. The same level of Ni application also reduced leaf water potential, osmotic potentials, and relative water contents but increased leaf turgor potential and membrane permeability. At low level (10 and 20 mg L-1), Ni improved the soluble proteins, while high Ni concentration decreased it. The opposite was true for total free amino acids and soluble sugars. To conclude, the high Ni concentration in various plant organs had a strong impact with the changes in vegetative growth, physiological and biochemical attributes. A positive correlation of growth, physiological, water relations, and gas exchange parameters at low levels of Ni and negative correlation at higher Ni level confirmed that the supplementation of low Ni levels greatly modulated studied attributes. Based on observed attributes, Hysun-33 showed high tolerance to Ni stress as compared to SF-187.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alia Riffat
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Mumtaz Hussain
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Mansoor Hameed
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Jinger D, Kaushal R, Kumar R, Paramesh V, Verma A, Shukla M, Chavan SB, Kakade V, Dobhal S, Uthappa AR, Roy T, Singhal V, Madegowda M, Kumar D, Khatri P, Dinesh D, Singh G, Singh AK, Nath AJ, Joshi N, Joshi E, Kumawat S. Degraded land rehabilitation through agroforestry in India: Achievements, current understanding, and future prospectives. Front Ecol Evol 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2023.1088796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Land degradation is one of the most important factors responsible for the alarming situation of food security, human health, and socioeconomic development in the country. Currently, 120.7 M ha of land in the country is affected by land degradation, out of which 85.7 M ha of land is affected by soil erosion caused by water and wind. Moreover, physical, chemical, and biological degradation are the major forms of land degradation in the country. Deforestation or tree cover loss (2.07 M ha) from 2001 to 2021, intensive rainfall (>7.5 mm ha−1), uncontrolled grazing (5.65 M ha), indiscriminate use of fertilizers (32 MT year−1), and shifting cultivation (7.6 M ha) are other major factors that further aggravate the process of land degradation. In order to alleviate the problem of land degradation, numerous agroforestry technologies have been developed after years of research in different agroclimatic zones of the country. The major agroforestry systems observed in the country are agri-horticulture, silvipasture, and agri-silviculture. This review indicates the potential of agroforestry in enhancing carbon sequestration (1.80 Mg C ha−1 year−1 in the Western Himalayan region to 3.50 Mg C ha−1 year−1 in the island regions) and reduced soil loss and runoff by 94% and 78%, respectively, in Northeast India. This can be concluded that the adoption of the agroforestry system is imperative for the rehabilitation of degraded lands and also found to have enough potential to address the issues of food, environmental, and livelihood security. This review’s findings will benefit researchers, land managers, and decision-makers in understanding the role of agroforestry in combating land degradation to enhance ecosystem service in India and planning suitable policies for eradicating the problem effectively.
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Hendrawan H, Aziz HA, Haryati N, Khoerunnisa F. Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Premna Oblongifolia Merr. Extract/Glutaraldehyde/Carbon Nanotube (VOGC)-Based Composite Hydrogel: A Potential Candidate for Controlled-Release Materials. ChemistryOpen 2023; 12:e202200239. [PMID: 36797074 PMCID: PMC9935295 DOI: 10.1002/open.202200239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A hydrogel based on poly(vinyl alcohol) (V), Premna Oblongifolia Merr. extract (O), glutaraldehyde (G), and carbon nanotubes (C) has been synthesized in search of candidates to develop controlled-release fertilizers (CRF). Referring to previous studies, O and C can be considered as two materials that have potential as modifiers in synthesizing CRF. This work is comprised of hydrogel synthesis, their characterisation, including measuring swelling ratio (SR) and water retention (WR) of VOGm , VOGe , VOGm C3 , VOGm C5 , VOGm C7 , VOGm C7 -KCl, and release behaviour of KCl from VOGm C7 -KCl. We found that C interacts physically with VOG, increased the surface roughness of VOGm , and reduced the VOGm crystallite size. The addition of KCl into VOGm C7 reduced the pore size and increased the structural density of VOGm C7 . The thickness and the C content of VOG affected its SR and WR. The addition of KCl into VOGm C7 reduced its SR, but did not significantly affect its WR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrawan Hendrawan
- Department of ChemistryUniversitas Pendidikan IndonesiaJl, Dr. Setiabudhi No. 229 Bandung40154.Jawa BaratIndonesia
| | - Hafiz Aji Aziz
- Department of ChemistryUniversitas Pendidikan IndonesiaJl, Dr. Setiabudhi No. 229 Bandung40154.Jawa BaratIndonesia
| | - Nina Haryati
- Department of ChemistryUniversitas Pendidikan IndonesiaJl, Dr. Setiabudhi No. 229 Bandung40154.Jawa BaratIndonesia
| | - Fitri Khoerunnisa
- Department of ChemistryUniversitas Pendidikan IndonesiaJl, Dr. Setiabudhi No. 229 Bandung40154.Jawa BaratIndonesia
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165
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Klaes B, Thiele-Bruhn S, Wörner G, Höschen C, Mueller CW, Marx P, Arz HW, Breuer S, Kilian R. Iron (hydr)oxide formation in Andosols under extreme climate conditions. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2818. [PMID: 36797309 PMCID: PMC9935883 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29727-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Redox-driven biogeochemical cycling of iron plays an integral role in the complex process network of ecosystems, such as carbon cycling, the fate of nutrients and greenhouse gas emissions. We investigate Fe-(hydr)oxide (trans)formation pathways from rhyolitic tephra in acidic topsoils of South Patagonian Andosols to evaluate the ecological relevance of terrestrial iron cycling for this sensitive fjord ecosystem. Using bulk geochemical analyses combined with micrometer-scale-measurements on individual soil aggregates and tephra pumice, we document biotic and abiotic pathways of Fe released from the glassy tephra matrix and titanomagnetite phenocrysts. During successive redox cycles that are controlled by frequent hydrological perturbations under hyper-humid climate, (trans)formations of ferrihydrite-organic matter coprecipitates, maghemite and hematite are closely linked to tephra weathering and organic matter turnover. These Fe-(hydr)oxides nucleate after glass dissolution and complexation with organic ligands, through maghemitization or dissolution-(re)crystallization processes from metastable precursors. Ultimately, hematite represents the most thermodynamically stable Fe-(hydr)oxide formed under these conditions and physically accumulates at redox interfaces, whereas the ferrihydrite coprecipitates represent a so far underappreciated terrestrial source of bio-available iron for fjord bioproductivity. The insights into Fe-(hydr)oxide (trans)formation in Andosols have implications for a better understanding of biogeochemical cycling of iron in this unique Patagonian fjord ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Klaes
- Geology Department, Trier University, Campus II (Geozentrum), Behringstraße 21, 54296, Trier, Germany. .,Soil Science Department, Trier University, Campus II (Geozentrum), Behringstraße 21, 54296, Trier, Germany.
| | - Sören Thiele-Bruhn
- grid.12391.380000 0001 2289 1527Soil Science Department, Trier University, Campus II (Geozentrum), Behringstraße 21, 54296 Trier, Germany
| | - Gerhard Wörner
- grid.7450.60000 0001 2364 4210Division of Geochemistry and Isotope Geology, GZG, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Goldschmidtstraße 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Carmen Höschen
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Soil Science, Research Department Life Science Systems, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann-Straße 2, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Carsten W. Mueller
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Soil Science, Research Department Life Science Systems, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann-Straße 2, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany ,grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XDepartment for Geosciences and Environmental Management, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, 1350 København K, Denmark
| | - Philipp Marx
- grid.12391.380000 0001 2289 1527Soil Science Department, Trier University, Campus II (Geozentrum), Behringstraße 21, 54296 Trier, Germany
| | - Helge Wolfgang Arz
- grid.423940.80000 0001 2188 0463Marine Geology Section, Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde (IOW), Seestraße 15, 18119 Rostock, Germany
| | - Sonja Breuer
- grid.15606.340000 0001 2155 4756Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR), Stilleweg 2, 30655 Hannover, Germany
| | - Rolf Kilian
- grid.12391.380000 0001 2289 1527Geology Department, Trier University, Campus II (Geozentrum), Behringstraße 21, 54296 Trier, Germany ,grid.442242.60000 0001 2287 1761University of Magallanes, Avenida Bulnes 01855, Punta Arenas, Chile
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166
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Kao PT, Fleming H, Warren H, Darch T, McGrath SP, Buss HL, Lee MRF. The impact of feeding supplemental minerals to sheep on the return of micronutrients to pasture via urine and faeces. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2747. [PMID: 36797446 PMCID: PMC9935513 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29717-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The form (organic versus inorganic) of minerals (Se, Zn, Cu and Mn), supplemented to sheep (Charolais × Suffolk-Mule (mean weight = 57 ± 2.9 kg) at two European industrial doses, on the return of micronutrients to pasture via nutrient partitioning and composition in sheep urine and faeces was investigated. This gave four treatments in total with 6 animals per treatment (n = 24). The form of the supplemented minerals did not influence the excretory partitioning of micronutrients (Se, Zn, Cu and Mn) between urine and faeces, nor on their concentrations in the excreta. The two doses trialed however, may influence the Se flux in the environment through altering the ratios of Se:P and Se:S ratios in the faeces and Se:S ratio in the urine. Administration of the mineral supplements also improved the retention of P in sheep reducing its excretion via urine. Although the concentrations of readily bioavailable micronutrients in the faeces were not affected by the mineral forms, there were differences in the more recalcitrant fractions of Se, Zn and Cu (as inferred via a sequential extraction) in faeces when different forms of supplemental minerals were offered. The potential impact of these differences on micronutrient flux in pasture requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P.-T. Kao
- grid.418374.d0000 0001 2227 9389Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton, EX20 2SB Devon UK
| | - H. Fleming
- grid.418374.d0000 0001 2227 9389Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton, EX20 2SB Devon UK
| | - H. Warren
- Alltech Bioscience Centre, Sarney, Summerhill Road, Dunboyne, Co. Meath Ireland
| | - T. Darch
- grid.418374.d0000 0001 2227 9389Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton, EX20 2SB Devon UK
| | - S. P. McGrath
- grid.418374.d0000 0001 2227 9389Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ Hertfordshire UK
| | - H. L. Buss
- grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1RJ UK
| | - M. R. F. Lee
- grid.417899.a0000 0001 2167 3798Harper Adams University, Newport, TF10 8NB Shropshire UK
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167
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Chaudhary N, Kothari D, Walia S, Ghosh A, Vaghela P, Kumar R. Biostimulant enhances growth and corm production of saffron ( Crocus sativus L.) in non-traditional areas of North western Himalayas. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1097682. [PMID: 36875593 PMCID: PMC9975171 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1097682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The usage of seaweed extracts in cropping systems is gaining attention nowadays due to their distinct bioactive properties. This study aims to assess how saffron (Crocus sativus L.) corm production was affected by seaweed extract through different application modes. The study was conducted at the CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, HP, India, during the autumn-winter agricultural cycle. Five treatments using a combination of Kappaphycus and Sargassum seaweed extracts were replicated five times in a randomized block design. Treatments that were examined include T1: Control, T2: Corm dipping @ 5% seaweed extract, T3: Foliar spray @ 5% seaweed extract, T4: Drenching @ 5% seaweed extract, and T5: Corm dipping + foliar spray @ 5% seaweed extract. Seaweed extract, when applied to saffron plants (T5: Corm dipping + foliar spray @ 5% seaweed extract) resulted in significantly higher growth parameters along with the higher dry weight of stem, leaves, corms, and total roots per corm. Corm production, viz., the number of daughter corms and corm weight per m2 was significantly affected by seaweed extract application, with the maximum value recorded with treatment T5. Biochemical parameters chlorophyll, carotenoids, and photosynthetic rate were higher in T5, while nutrient concentration was lowest in this treatment. Seaweed extracts improved corm production, making it a feasible alternative to limiting the application of conventional fertilizers, attenuating the effects on the environment, and enhancing corm number and weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Chaudhary
- Agrotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
| | - Deepak Kothari
- Agrotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Swati Walia
- Agrotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
| | - Arup Ghosh
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- CSIR- Central Salt and Marine Research Institute, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Pradipkumar Vaghela
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- CSIR- Central Salt and Marine Research Institute, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Agrotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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168
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Edzesi WM, Dang X, Liu E, Bandoh WKN, Gakpetor PM, Ofori DA, Hong D. Screening germplasm and detecting QTLs for mesocotyl elongation trait in rice (Oryza sativa L.) by association mapping. BMC Genom Data 2023; 24:8. [PMID: 36792993 PMCID: PMC9930352 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-023-01107-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rice is one of the most important food crops in the world and mainly cultivated in paddy field by transplanting seedlings. However, increasing water scarcity due to climate change, labor cost for transplanting, and competition from urbanization is making this traditional method of rice production unsustainable in the long term. In the present study, we mined favorable alleles for mesocotyl elongation length (MEL) by combining the phenotypic data of 543 rice accessions with genotypic data of 262 SSR markers through association mapping method. RESULTS Among the 543 rice accessions studied, we found 130 accessions could elongate mesocotyl length under dark germination condition. A marker-trait association analysis based on a mixed linear model revealed eleven SSR markers were associated with MEL trait with p-value less than 0.01. Among the 11 association loci, seven were novel. In total, 30 favorable marker alleles for MEL were mined, and RM265-140 bp showed the highest phenotypic effect value of 1.8 cm with Yuedao46 as the carrier accession. The long MEL group of rice accessions had higher seedling emergence rate than the short MEL group in the field. The correlation coefficient (r GCC-FSC = 0.485**) between growth chamber condition (GCC) and field soil condition (FSC) showed positive relationship and highly significant (P < 0.01) indicating that the result obtained in GCC could basically represent that obtained under FSC. CONCLUSION Not every genotype of the rice possesses the ability to elongate its mesocotyl length under dark or deep sowing condition. Mesocotyl elongation length is a quantitative trait controlled by many gene loci, and can be improved by pyramiding favorable alleles dispersed at different loci in different germplasm into a single genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wisdom Mawuli Edzesi
- grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China ,grid.423756.10000 0004 1764 1672Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, P. O. Box UP 63, KNUST, Fumesua, Kumasi, Ashanti Region Ghana
| | - Xiaojing Dang
- grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China ,grid.469521.d0000 0004 1756 0127Institute of Rice Research, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031 China
| | - Erbao Liu
- grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China ,grid.411389.60000 0004 1760 4804College of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 China
| | - William Kwame Nuako Bandoh
- grid.423756.10000 0004 1764 1672Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, P. O. Box UP 63, KNUST, Fumesua, Kumasi, Ashanti Region Ghana
| | - Patience Mansa Gakpetor
- grid.423756.10000 0004 1764 1672Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, P. O. Box UP 63, KNUST, Fumesua, Kumasi, Ashanti Region Ghana
| | - Daniel Aninagyei Ofori
- grid.423756.10000 0004 1764 1672Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, P. O. Box UP 63, KNUST, Fumesua, Kumasi, Ashanti Region Ghana
| | - Delin Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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de Sousa FC, Tinôco IDFF, Cruz VF, Barbari M, Saraz JAO, da Silva AL, Coelho DJDR, Baptista F. Potential for Ammonia Generation and Emission in Broiler Production Facilities in Brazil. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13040675. [PMID: 36830464 PMCID: PMC9951733 DOI: 10.3390/ani13040675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Air quality is one of the main factors that must be guaranteed in animal production. However, the measurement of pollutants is still a problem in several countries because the available methods are costly and do not always apply to the reality of the constructive typology adopted, as in countries with a hot climate, which adopt predominantly open facilities. Thus, the objective of the present study was to develop predictive models for the potential generation and emission of ammonia in the production of broiler chickens with different types of litter, different reuse cycles and under different climatic conditions. Samples of poultry litter from thirty commercial aviaries submitted to different air temperatures were analyzed. The experiment was conducted and analyzed in a completely randomized design, following a factorial scheme. Models were developed to predict the potential for generation and emission of ammonia, which can be applied in facilities with ambient conditions of air temperature between 25 and 40 °C and with wood shaving bed with up to four reuse cycles and coffee husks bed with up to six reuse cycles. The developed and validated models showed high accuracy indicating that they can be used to estimate the potential for ammonia generation and emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Campos de Sousa
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-31-3612-4013 (36570–900)
| | | | - Vasco Fitas Cruz
- Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, MED—Instituto Mediterrâneo para a Agricultura, Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, Universidade de Évora, Évora 7000-849, Portugal
| | - Matteo Barbari
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (GESAAF), Università degli Studi di Firenze, 13-50145 Firenze, Italy
| | | | - Alex Lopes da Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Diogo José de Rezende Coelho
- Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, MED—Instituto Mediterrâneo para a Agricultura, Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, Universidade de Évora, Évora 7000-849, Portugal
| | - Fatima Baptista
- Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, MED—Instituto Mediterrâneo para a Agricultura, Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, Universidade de Évora, Évora 7000-849, Portugal
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170
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Mutio JM, Kebeney S, Njoroge R, Churu H, Ng'etich W, Mugaa D, Alkamoi B, Wamalwa F. Effect of land rehabilitation measures on soil organic carbon fractions in semi-arid environment. Front Sustain Food Syst 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2023.1095865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil erosion threatens the sustainable intensification of food systems among smallholder farmers in arid and semi-arid lands (ASALs). Intensifying adoption of soil mitigation and rehabilitation measures is thus needed urgently in these ASALs, but scaling up these measures depends on scientific evidence of their contributions to key components of sustainable intensification such as soil organic carbon. However, there is no information on how existing mitigation and rehabilitation measures influence soil carbon fractions and carbon management indices in ASALs. This study evaluated the influence of soil erosion mitigation and rehabilitation measures on soil carbon fractions and management indices in Arenic Lixisols of semi-arid environments in West Pokot County, Kenya. We evaluated different vegetation types (maize-beans intercrop and pastures) with and without two locally developed terrace designs for soil conservation (Fanya Juu and Fanya Chini). Combining terracing with annual cropping significantly increased total organic carbon (TOC). The highest TOC (13 g C kg−1) was recorded in pasturelands with terraces while degraded land with no intervention was found to have the lowest TOC (6.0 g C kg−1). Terraced farms with longer residence time (>4 years old) had significantly higher organic carbon than (<4 years old). Other soil properties remained stable with terrace age (1–5 years). Labile SOC and non-labile SOC differed significantly within and across vegetation types with or without terraces (p < 0.05). Pasture and crop systems with terraces had high labile SOC content of 5.9 g C kg−1 and 7.2 g C kg−1, respectively. Labile SOC followed the TOC trend with terrace age, i.e., increasing from 1 year to 5 years old. Combined pasture and terraces had a significantly higher carbon management index (CMI) of 161.7, or 14 times the CMI found in degraded systems with no interventions and 1.5 times the combined crop system with terraces. CMI was also directly correlated with residence time terraces had stayed in the crop system, increasing from 1 year to 5 years old. Contrary to CMI and other indices, the weighted enrichment ratio was found to inversely correlate with age of terrace. Improvement of carbon content and CMI resulted from restorative measures and likely improved soil quality and ecosystem functions. Although terraces play a significant role in the restoration of degraded soils as indicated by the above-mentioned changes, they are most beneficial when used in combination with croplands because of the high level of disturbance and flows of both inputs and outputs of carbon for these croplands.
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Kim K, Zagalskaya A, Ng JL, Hong J, Alexandrov V, Pham TA, Su X. Coupling nitrate capture with ammonia production through bifunctional redox-electrodes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:823. [PMID: 36788213 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36318-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrate is a ubiquitous aqueous pollutant from agricultural and industrial activities. At the same time, conversion of nitrate to ammonia provides an attractive solution for the coupled environmental and energy challenge underlying the nitrogen cycle, by valorizing a pollutant to a carbon-free energy carrier and essential chemical feedstock. Mass transport limitations are a key obstacle to the efficient conversion of nitrate to ammonia from water streams, due to the dilute concentration of nitrate. Here, we develop bifunctional electrodes that couple a nitrate-selective redox-electrosorbent (polyaniline) with an electrocatalyst (cobalt oxide) for nitrate to ammonium conversion. We demonstrate the synergistic reactive separation of nitrate through solely electrochemical control. Electrochemically-reversible nitrate uptake greater than 70 mg/g can be achieved, with electronic structure calculations and spectroscopic measurements providing insight into the underlying role of hydrogen bonding for nitrate selectivity. Using agricultural tile drainage water containing dilute nitrate (0.27 mM), we demonstrate that the bifunctional electrode can achieve a 8-fold up-concentration of nitrate, a 24-fold enhancement of ammonium production rate (108.1 ug h-1 cm-2), and a >10-fold enhancement in energy efficiency when compared to direct electrocatalysis in the dilute stream. Our study provides a generalized strategy for a fully electrified reaction-separation pathway for modular nitrate remediation and ammonia production.
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Lv N, Tao C, Ou Y, Wang J, Deng X, Liu H, Shen Z, Li R, Shen Q. Root-Associated Antagonistic Pseudomonas spp. Contribute to Soil Suppressiveness against Banana Fusarium Wilt Disease of Banana. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0352522. [PMID: 36786644 PMCID: PMC10100972 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03525-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the microbiotas colonizing the plant endophytic compartments and the surrounding bulk and rhizosphere soil play an important role in determining plant health. However, the relative contributions of the soil and endophytic microbiomes and their mechanistic roles in achieving disease suppression remain elusive. To disentangle the relative importance of the different microbiomes in the various plant compartments in inhibiting pathogen infection, we conducted a field experiment to track changes in the composition of microbial communities in bulk and rhizosphere soil and of root endophytes and leaf endosphere collected from bananas planted on Fusarium-infested orchards in disease-suppressive and disease-conducive soils. We found that the rhizosphere and roots were the two dominant plant parts whose bacterial communities contributed to pathogen suppression. We further observed that Pseudomonas was potentially a key organism acting as a pathogen antagonist, as illustrated by microbial community composition and network analysis. Subsequently, culturable pathogen-antagonistic Pseudomonas strains were isolated, and their potential suppressive functions or possible antibiosis in terms of auxin or siderophore synthesis and phosphate solubilization were screened to analyze the mode of action of candidate disease-suppressive Pseudomonas strains. In a follow-up in vivo and greenhouse experiment, we revealed that microbial consortia of culturable Pseudomonas strains P8 and S25 (or S36), isolated from banana plantlet rhizosphere and roots, respectively, significantly suppressed the survival of pathogens in the soil, manipulated the soil microbiome, and stimulated indigenous beneficial microbes. Overall, our study demonstrated that root-associated microbiomes, especially the antagonistic Pseudomonas sp. components, contribute markedly to soil suppression of banana Fusarium wilt. IMPORTANCE Soil suppression of Fusarium wilt disease has been proven to be linked with the local microbial community. However, the contribution of endophytic microbes to disease suppression in wilt-suppressive soils remains unclear. Moreover, the key microbes involving in Fusarium wilt-suppressive soils and in the endophytic populations have not been fully characterized. In this study, we demonstrate that root-associated microbes play vitally important roles in disease suppression. Root-associated Pseudomonas consortia were recognized as a key component in inhibiting pathogen abundance associated with the host banana plants. This finding is crucial to developing alternate strategies for soilborne disease management by harnessing the plant microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Lv
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Joint International Research Laboratory of Soil Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengyuan Tao
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Joint International Research Laboratory of Soil Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yannan Ou
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Joint International Research Laboratory of Soil Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiabao Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Joint International Research Laboratory of Soil Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- The Sanya Institute of the Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya, Hainan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuhui Deng
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Joint International Research Laboratory of Soil Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongjun Liu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Joint International Research Laboratory of Soil Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zongzhuan Shen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Joint International Research Laboratory of Soil Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- The Sanya Institute of the Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya, Hainan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rong Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Joint International Research Laboratory of Soil Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- The Sanya Institute of the Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya, Hainan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qirong Shen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Joint International Research Laboratory of Soil Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- The Sanya Institute of the Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya, Hainan, People’s Republic of China
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Yang S, Ge Q, Wan S, Sun Z, Chen Y, Li Y, Liu Q, Gong J, Xiao X, Lu Q, Shi Y, Peng R, Shang H, Chen G, Li P. Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of the PPO Gene Family in Cotton ( Gossypium) and Their Expression Variations Responding to Verticillium Wilt Infection. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:477. [PMID: 36833403 PMCID: PMC9957175 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenol oxidases (PPOs) are copper-binding metalloproteinases encoded by nuclear genes, ubiquitously existing in the plastids of microorganisms, plants, and animals. As one of the important defense enzymes, PPOs have been reported to participate in the resistant processes that respond to diseases and insect pests in multiple plant species. However, PPO gene identification and characterization in cotton and their expression patterns under Verticillium wilt (VW) treatment have not been clearly studied. In this study, 7, 8, 14, and 16 PPO genes were separately identified from Gossypium arboreum, G. raimondii, G. hirsutum, and G. barbadense, respectively, which were distributed within 23 chromosomes, though mainly gathered in chromosome 6. The phylogenetic tree manifested that all the PPOs from four cotton species and 14 other plants were divided into seven groups, and the analyses of the conserved motifs and nucleotide sequences showed highly similar characteristics of the gene structure and domains in the cotton PPO genes. The dramatically expressed differences were observed among the different organs at various stages of growth and development or under the diverse stresses referred to in the published RNA-seq data. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) experiments were also performed on the GhPPO genes in the roots, stems, and leaves of VW-resistant MBI8255 and VW-susceptible CCRI36 infected with Verticillium dahliae V991, proving the strong correlation between PPO activity and VW resistance. A comprehensive analysis conducted on cotton PPO genes contributes to the screening of the candidate genes for subsequent biological function studies, which is also of great significance for the in-depth understanding of the molecular genetic basis of cotton resistance to VW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhan Yang
- College of Agriculture, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Qun Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Sumei Wan
- College of Agriculture, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
| | - Zhihao Sun
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Yanfang Li
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Qiankun Liu
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Juwu Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Xianghui Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Quanwei Lu
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Yuzhen Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Renhai Peng
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Haihong Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Guodong Chen
- College of Agriculture, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
| | - Pengtao Li
- College of Agriculture, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang 455000, China
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174
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Wu D, Zha Y, Wang X, Wang Y, Li Y, Yin Y, Du W, Ai F, Guo H. Elevated CO(2) may increase the health risks of consuming leafy vegetables cultivated in flooded soils contaminated with Cd and Pb. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023. [PMID: 36781664 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25863-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Elevated CO2 levels threat the crop quality by altering the environmental behavior of heavy metals (HMs) in soils. In reality, multiple HMs often co-exist in field, while details regarding coexisting HMs migration in flooded soil at elevated CO2 levels remain unclear. A pot experiment in open-top chambers (CO2 at 400 and 600 μmol mol-1) was conducted to explore the uptake and transfer of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in water dropwort (Oenanthe javanica DC.) grown in flooded soils contaminated with Cd and Pb. Results showed that elevated CO2 significantly reduced soil pH, promoting the release of Cd and Pb (by 63.64-106.90% and 10.66-30.99%, respectively) into soil porewater. In the harvested O. javanica, elevated CO2 decreased the root uptake of Cd but promoted that of Pb. Further mechanism analysis showed that elevated CO2 promoted the formation of iron plaque on root surface by 44.60-139.57%, with lower adsorption capacity to HMs (0-34.93% and 63.61-67.69% for Cd and Pb, respectively). Meanwhile, Pb showed lower adsorbability in iron plaque but higher transfer capacity when compared with Cd. Ultimately, elevated CO2 increased the target hazard quotient values of Pb in O. javanica. These findings provide new insights on the effects of elevated CO2 on the transfer of coexisting HMs in soil-plant system, and the risk of HMs pollution under climate changes needs to be more fully assessed.
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175
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Mowafy AM, Khalifa S, Elsayed A. Brevibacillus DesertYSK and Rhizobium MAP7 stimulate the growth and pigmentation of Lactuca sativa L. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2023; 21:17. [PMID: 36780046 PMCID: PMC9925635 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-023-00465-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Applying microbial biostimulants during crop cultivation allows for higher sustainability levels. It reduces the need for fertilizers and environmental contaminants while enhancing plant quality. This study assessed 13 endophytic bacteria, 4 newly isolated, and 9 donated, for plant growth-promoting capabilities. Quantitative assessments of indole acetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid (GA3), siderophores, ammonia, exopolysaccharides, volatile HCN, and phosphate solubilization, along with Bray-Curtis cluster analyses were performed. RESULTS Upon the results we selected RhizobiumMAP7, Brevibacillus DesertYSK, Pseudomonas MAP8, BacillusMAP3, Brevibacillus MAP, and Bacillus DeltaYSK to evaluate their effects on Lactuca sativa growth and pigmentation in a 30-day greenhouse pot experiment. Both Brevibacillus DesertYSK and Rhizobium MAP7surpassed other strains in growth promotional effects. They doubled shoot length (12 and 12.3 cm, respectively, when compared with 7 cm for control after 30 days), and fresh weight (0.079 and 0.084 g, respectively, when compared with 0.045 g for control after 30 days), and increased root length by at least 3-fold when compared with control (4.5 and 3.5 cm, respectively, when compared with 1.2 cm for control after 30 days). Chlorophyll content also exhibited at least a 2-fold significant increase in response to bacterization compared with control. CONCLUSIONS This strain superiority was consistent with the in vitro assays data that showed strains capability as IAA and GA3producers. Also, strains were highly capable ammonia and siderophore producers and phosphate solubilizers, providing considerable hormone and nutrient levels for L. sativa plantsleading to improved growth parameters and appearance. These data support the notion that nodule-based bacteria are potential plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) that may be used on a wider scale rather than just for legumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr M. Mowafy
- grid.10251.370000000103426662Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516 Egypt ,grid.10251.370000000103426662Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, New Mansoura University, New Mansoura City, Egypt
| | - Sherouk Khalifa
- grid.10251.370000000103426662Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516 Egypt
| | - Ashraf Elsayed
- grid.10251.370000000103426662Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516 Egypt
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176
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Qiu S, Hu C, Liu D, Liu S, Zhao S, Xu X, Zhao Y, He P, Zhou W. Long-term combined organic manure and chemical fertilizer application enhances aggregate-associated C and N storage in an agricultural Udalfs soil. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0276197. [PMID: 36780480 PMCID: PMC9925001 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Little information is known on whether carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) immobilization is synchronized in different sizes of aggregates under different agricultural management practices. Carbon and N concentrations and the C/N ratios in different sizes of aggregates down to 40 cm depth were determined after long-term application of chemical fertilizers combined with manure or without manure in a wheat-rice cropping system. Manure application usually produced significantly (P < 0.05) higher C and N concentrations and lower C/N ratios in bulk soil and in different sizes of aggregates down to 20 cm depth than the other treatments, and the 1.5 MNPK treatment at 0-10 cm depth had the highest SOC concentration of 26.3 g/kg. The C and N concentrations in bulk soil and all aggregate fractions decreased markedly with increasing soil depth. Among water stable aggregates in all soil depths, the highest C (48.2-66.4%) and N (47.8-68.3%) concentrations as a percentage of SOC were found in the small macroaggregates (2000-250 μm, SM). Manure application significantly (P < 0.05) increased the mass and C and N concentrations of SM and SM fractions down to 20 depth. The mean C/N ratios of silt-clay within large and small macroaggregates (inter-SC) were 1.57 and 1.46 units lower than those of silt-clay particles, respectively, indicating that inter-SC had relative high N availability. Moreover, the C and N content of SM down to 40 cm depth tended to saturation with increasing C input rate. Overall, manure application effectively improved soil structure, SM were the dominant particles involved in soil C and N storage, and inter-SC were the main particles responsible for N availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojun Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Hu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Soils and Fertilizers, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Donghai Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Soils and Fertilizers, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuanglai Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Soils and Fertilizers, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Shicheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinpeng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Ping He
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Wei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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177
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Kumar S, Sharma SK, Dhaka AK, Bedwal S, Sheoran S, Meena RS, Jangir CK, Kumar D, Kumar R, Jat RD, Meena AK, Gaber A, Hossain A. Efficient nutrient management for enhancing crop productivity, quality and nutrient dynamics in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) in the semi-arid region of northern India. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280636. [PMID: 36763612 PMCID: PMC9916625 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Various faulty farming practices and low-performance cultivars selection are reducing crop yields, factor productivity, and soil fertility. Therefore, there is an urgent need to achieve better nutrient dynamics and sustainable production by selecting more nutrient-responsive cultivars using efficient nutrient management. The present experiment aimed to enhance crop productivity, seed quality, nutrient efficiency, and soil nutrient dynamics through efficient nutrient management under different lentil cultivars. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design, assigning three cultivars (viz. Sapna, Garima, and HM-1) in the main plots and ten nutrient management practices in the sub-plots, replicating them thrice. Results revealed that cultivar HM-1 recorded significantly higher seed yield (1.59-1.61 Mg ha-1) and the uptake of N (67.2-67.6 kg ha-1), P (6.8-7.0 kg ha-1), K (13.8-13.9 kg ha-1), Zn (60.4-61.1 g ha-1), and Fe (162.5-165.2 g ha-1) in seed compared to Sapna and Garima. Also, the cultivar HM-1 was more efficient in terms of partial factor productivity for NPK (PFP; 24.27-24.59 kg kg-1), partial nutrient balance (PNB; 2.09-2.13 kg kg-1) and internal utilisation efficiency (IUE; 11.64-11.85 kg kg-1). The study showed that the lentil cultivar HM-1 could be successfully grown by substituting 50% RDN with organic manures, i.e., vermicompost, without compromising crop productivity and soil fertility, thereby sustaining soil-human-environment health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Regional Station, Karnal, India
- Department of Agronomy, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
- * E-mail: (SK); (AH)
| | - Surender Kumar Sharma
- Department of Agronomy, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
| | - Anil Kumar Dhaka
- Department of Agronomy, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
| | - Sandeep Bedwal
- Department of Soil Science, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
| | - Seema Sheoran
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Regional Station, Karnal, India
| | - Ram Swaroop Meena
- Department of Agronomy, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | | | - Dinesh Kumar
- ICAR-India Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Research Centre, Datia, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
| | - Ram Dhan Jat
- Department of Agronomy, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
| | - Ajit Kumar Meena
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ahmed Gaber
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Akbar Hossain
- Division of Soil Science, Bangladesh Wheat and Maize Research Institute, Dinajpur, Bangladesh
- * E-mail: (SK); (AH)
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178
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Bowden C, Foster T, Parkes B. Identifying links between monsoon variability and rice production in India through machine learning. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2446. [PMID: 36765155 PMCID: PMC9918484 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27752-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change poses a major threat to global food security. Agricultural systems that rely on monsoon rainfall are especially vulnerable to changes in climate variability. This paper uses machine learning to deepen understanding of how monsoon variability impacts agricultural productivity. We demonstrate that random forest modelling is effective in representing rice production variability in response to monsoon weather variability. Our random forest modelling found monsoon weather predictors explain similar levels of detrended anomaly variation in both rice yield (33%) and area harvested (35%). The role of weather in explaining harvested rice area highlights that production area changes are an important pathway through which weather extremes impact agricultural productivity, which may exacerbate losses that occur through changes in per-area yields. We find that downwelling shortwave radiation flux is the most important weather variable in explaining variation in yield anomalies, with proportion of area under irrigation being the most important predictor overall. Machine learning modelling is capable of representing crop-climate variability in monsoonal agriculture and reveals additional information compared to traditional parametric models. For example, non-linear yield and area responses of irrigation, monsoon onset and season length all match biophysical expectations. Overall, we find that random forest modelling can reveal complex non-linearities and interactions between climate and rice production variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Bowden
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Timothy Foster
- grid.5379.80000000121662407Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - Ben Parkes
- grid.5379.80000000121662407Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
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179
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Beck M, Marshall C, Garrett K, Campbell T, Foote A, Vibart R, Pacheco D, Gregorini P. Meta-Regression to Develop Predictive Equations for Urinary Nitrogen Excretion of Lactating Dairy Cows. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13. [PMID: 36830408 DOI: 10.3390/ani13040620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Dairy cows' urinary nitrogen (N) excretion (UN; g/d) represents a significant environmental concern due to their contribution to nitrate leaching, nitrous oxide (a potent greenhouse gas), and ammonia emissions (contributor to N deposition). The first objective of the current study was to determine the adequacy of existing models to predict UN from total mixed ration (TMR)-fed and fresh forage (FF)-fed cows. Next, we aimed to develop equations to predict UN based on animal factors [milk urea nitrogen (MUN; mg/dL) and body weight (BW, kg)] and to explore how these equations are improved when dietary factors, such as diet type, dry matter intake (DMI), or dietary characteristics [neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and crude protein (CP) content], are considered. A dataset was obtained from 51 published experiments composed of 174 treatment means. The whole dataset was used to evaluate the mean and linear biases of three existing equations including diet type as an interaction term; all models had significant linear and mean biases and two of the three models had poor predictive capabilities as indicated by their large relative prediction error (RPE; root mean square error of prediction as a percent of the observed mean). Next, the complete data set was split into training and test sets, which were used to develop and to evaluate new models, respectively. The first model included MUN and BW, and there was a significant interaction between diet type and the coefficients. This model had the worst 1:1 agreement [Lin's concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) = 0.50] and largest RPE (24.7%). Models that included both animal and dietary factors performed the best, and when included in the model, the effect of diet type was no longer significant (p > 0.10). These models all had very good agreement (CCC ≥ 0.86) and relatively low RPE (≤13.1%). This meta-analysis developed precise and accurate equations to predict UN from dairy cows in both confined and pasture-based systems.
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180
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Gupta V, Mehta G, Kumar S, Ramadas S, Tiwari R, Singh GP, Sharma P. AMMI and GGE biplot analysis of yield under terminal heat tolerance in wheat. Mol Biol Rep 2023. [PMID: 36757550 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08298-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wheat is an important cereal crop that helps to meet the food grain needs of people all over the world. Heat stress is one of the most significant abiotic stresses that wheat crops face during terminal growth stages in the wheat growing regions like India. It is very important to identify heat tolerant genotypes to be used as donors for breeding tolerant varieties. METHODS Thirty-six wheat genotypes were evaluated under different sowing dates viz., Timely sown (TS), Late sown (LS) and very late sown (VLS), and the fourth was sown in the Temperature controlled phenotyping facility (TCPF) across two years. Genotypes were planted following lattice square design with two replications. Data was recorded for yield and yield contributing traits and analysed using selection indices as well AMMI and GGE biplot stability models. RESULTS Heat stress affected all the traits under different heat environments which ranged from 1.6% (Spikelet number) to 37.2% (grain yield). Regression analysis indicated that the thousand grains weight (R2 = 0.50) contributed significantly towards grain yield under heat stress. Stress susceptibility index (SSI) found genotypes GW322, RAJ3765, Raj4037and MACS6145 as heat tolerant whereas, Stress Tolerance Index (STI) identified C306, HD2967, WH1080, WH730, DBW90, HD2932, DBW17, RAJ3765 as heat tolerant and high yielding. AMMI biplot analysis indicated stable genotypes DBW90, WH730, RAJ4083, CBW38, HD2932, NI5439, WR544, whereas GGE biplot analysis revealed stable genotypes NIAW34, NI5439, RAJ4083, DBW90, PBW590, Raj3765, HUW 510, WH730, HD2967 and UP2382. CONCLUSION Heat stress affects significantly all yield contributing traits. Thousand grain weight was the most important trait that can be used as a selection criterion for selecting tolerant lines. Based on selection indices and both AMMI and GGE analysis, genotype RAJ3765 was identified to be highly heat tolerant with good grain yield.
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181
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Grover D, Chaudhry S. Impact of crop residue burning and tillage practices on soil biological parameters of rice–wheat agro-ecosystems. Trop Ecol 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s42965-022-00287-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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182
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Kandula JS, Rayala VPK, Pullapanthula R. Chirality: An inescapable concept for the pharmaceutical, bio‐pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries. Separation Science Plus 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.202200131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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183
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Jirakkakul J, Khoiri AN, Duangfoo T, Dulsawat S, Sutheeworapong S, Petsong K, Wattanachaisaereekul S, Paenkaew P, Tachaleat A, Cheevadhanarak S, Prommeenate P. Insights into the genome of Methylobacterium sp. NMS14P, a novel bacterium for growth promotion of maize, chili, and sugarcane. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281505. [PMID: 36749783 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel methylotrophic bacterium designated as NMS14P was isolated from the root of an organic coffee plant (Coffea arabica) in Thailand. The 16S rRNA sequence analysis revealed that this new isolate belongs to the genus Methylobacterium, and its novelty was clarified by genomic and comparative genomic analyses, in which NMS14P exhibited low levels of relatedness with other Methylobacterium-type strains. NMS14P genome consists of a 6,268,579 bp chromosome, accompanied by a 542,519 bp megaplasmid and a 66,590 bp plasmid, namely pNMS14P1 and pNMS14P2, respectively. Several genes conferring plant growth promotion are aggregated on both chromosome and plasmids, including phosphate solubilization, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) biosynthesis, cytokinins (CKs) production, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase activity, sulfur-oxidizing activity, trehalose synthesis, and urea metabolism. Furthermore, pangenome analysis showed that NMS14P possessed the highest number of strain-specific genes accounting for 1408 genes, particularly those that are essential for colonization and survival in a wide array of host environments, such as ABC transporter, chemotaxis, quorum sensing, biofilm formation, and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. In vivo tests have supported that NMS14P significantly promoted the growth and development of maize, chili, and sugarcane. Collectively, NMS14P is proposed as a novel plant growth-promoting Methylobacterium that could potentially be applied to a broad range of host plants as Methylobacterium-based biofertilizers to reduce and ultimately substitute the use of synthetic agrochemicals for sustainable agriculture.
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Zhu L, Bai Y, Zhang L, Si W, Wang A, Weng C, Shu J. Water-Land-Food Nexus for Sustainable Agricultural Development in Main Grain-Producing Areas of North China Plain. Foods 2023; 12:foods12040712. [PMID: 36832787 PMCID: PMC9956156 DOI: 10.3390/foods12040712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Stable and sustainable food production is an important guarantee for national security and social stability. The uneven distribution of cultivated land and water resources will threaten national food security. In this study, we adopt the Gini coefficient and water-land matching coefficient for exploring the water-land nexus in the main grain-producing areas of North China Plain (NCP) from 2000 to 2020. The water-land-food nexus considering grain crop production structure is further explored from spatial and temporal multi-scales. The results show the following: (1) The Gini coefficient presents an increasing trend in the NCP, indicating an increasing imbalance in the water-land matching degree among inter-regions. (2) There are significant differences in the WL nexus and WLF nexus among regions, showing a spatial pattern of "worse in the north and better in the south". (3) The cities which belonged to the low WL-low WLF and high WL-low WLF should be considered as key targets when formulating policies. (4) Adjusting the wheat-maize biannual system, optimizing the grain cultivation structure, promoting semi-dryland farming, and developing low water-consuming and high-yielding crop varieties are essential measures for these regions. The research results provide significant reference for the optimal management and sustainable agricultural development of agricultural land and water resources in NCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijia Zhu
- School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuping Bai
- School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Lijin Zhang
- School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wanyi Si
- School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Anni Wang
- School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chuyao Weng
- School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jiayao Shu
- School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
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185
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Balah MA, Hassany WM. The relationship between Invasive Alien Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav. characters and impacts in different habitats. Biologia (Bratisl) 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-023-01336-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AbstractInvasive alien plants are one of the most serious threats to agriculture. The growth traits of Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav. in crops and their demographics in invaded vs non-invaded communities were examined. The majority of S. elaeagnifolium germination was observed in the spring compared to the summer. Five stages were distinguished, which started with a short time of seedling and juvenile stages, extended flowering, and fruiting stages, and seed dispersion in the winter season. An increase in shoots/roots ratio, leaf area ratio and leaf mass fraction during growth with the varied rate was proved. The accumulation coefficient of dry mass exceeded 0.93 and was significant (P > 0.001) with great variability within plant parts, and stage intervals. While the high growth rate is influenced by the stages and habitats. The recipient communities are affected negatively by S. elaeagnifolium invasion which is associated with lower diversity, richness, and evenness vs non-invaded communities. High similarities were found in the invaded area and communities. Finally, high and varied growth and plasticity of S. elaeagnifolium characterized their invasion behavior via different habitats. There were suitable determinants indices of diversity that can be used in the comparison between invaded and non-invaded communities. This knowledge may be useful for use in agro-environment protection and to improve the management methods of invasive alien species.
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186
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Maxted N, Magos Brehm J. Maximizing the crop wild relative resources available to plant breeders for crop improvement. Front Sustain Food Syst 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2023.1010204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Crop breeders are currently facing the need to continue increasing crop production to feed the growing human population, while mitigating the negative impacts of climate change on agriculture. Taxonomic and genetic diversity, which includes taxa, genes and alleles that offer novel sources of resistance to pests, disease and abiotic factors that affect crop quality and quantity, are a key tool for crop breeders to address these challenges. Lack of access to this diversity is currently limiting crop improvement. This paper focuses on how the breeder's requirement for greater diversity may be met despite the continue challenges of growing human population, and the impacts of climate change. It is argued that gene pool diversity is largely concentrated in crop wild relatives (CWR) and their more active conservation, especially focusing on in situ conservation applications, will enable the breeding challenges to be met. Further, that the science of in situ conservation is only now coming of age but is sufficiently advanced to facilitate the establishment of integrated national, regional, and global in situ CWR conservation networks. For humankind to substantially benefit from the additional adaptive diversity made available through these collaborative networks for CWR in situ conservation for the first time, breeders need to be provided with the critical resources necessary to address the negative impacts of climate changes on food production—therefore promoting greater global food security.
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187
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Britz E, Cyster L, Samuels I, Cupido C, Masemola L, Ngcobo N, Manganyi F, Müller F. Nitrogen fertilization increases the growth and nutritional quality of the forage legume, Calobota sericea - A preliminary investigation. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13535. [PMID: 36814634 PMCID: PMC9939720 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Calobota sericea is being evaluated as a forage for drought stressed areas. The nutritional quality of C. sericea from native populations are poor, and this is believed to be due to poor soil fertility. Therefore, a greenhouse trial was established to determine the impact of N-fertilization level (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 kg/ha) on the growth and nutritional quality of C. sericea plants. Three-month-old plants were harvested and the root and shoot length, as well as branching intensity on each plant determined. Thereafter, the shoots were separated into leaves and stems and all plant parts were oven dried for dry mass determination. After weighing, the leaves and stems for each plant were combined and the dried shoots used for nutrient determination. Results indicated that increased N application levels is positively correlated with improved C. sericea growth. Similarly, mineral nutrient uptake increased significantly under all the N-fertilization treatments and crude protein content increased from 9.6% to 18.6%. Plant growth was only statistically significantly (p < 0.05) improved when N was applied at rates of 50 kg/ha and more, but crude protein content increased from the lowest N application rates (25 kg/ha). The improved growth and nutrient uptake could primarily be explained by improved resource allocation under N-fertilization. Therefore, appropriately fertilized C. sericea can result in improved forage production and improved quality forages and when N is applied at high enough rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Britz
- Agricultural Research Council – Animal Production: Rangeland and Forage Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa,Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology. University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lilburne Cyster
- Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology. University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Igshaan Samuels
- Agricultural Research Council – Animal Production: Rangeland and Forage Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa,Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology. University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Clement Cupido
- Agricultural Research Council – Animal Production: Rangeland and Forage Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Letty Masemola
- Agricultural Research Council – Animal Production: Rangeland and Forage Sciences, National Forage Genebank, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Nothando Ngcobo
- Agricultural Research Council – Animal Production: Rangeland and Forage Sciences, National Forage Genebank, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Fortune Manganyi
- Agricultural Research Council – Animal Production: Rangeland and Forage Sciences, National Forage Genebank, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Francuois Müller
- Agricultural Research Council – Animal Production: Rangeland and Forage Sciences, National Forage Genebank, Pretoria, South Africa,Corresponding author. or
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188
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Kumar S, Gopinath KA, Sheoran S, Meena RS, Srinivasarao C, Bedwal S, Jangir CK, Mrunalini K, Jat R, Praharaj CS. Pulse-based cropping systems for soil health restoration, resources conservation, and nutritional and environmental security in rainfed agroecosystems. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1041124. [PMID: 36817102 PMCID: PMC9935831 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1041124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulses are an important source of energy and protein, essential amino acids, dietary fibers, minerals, and vitamins, and play a significant role in addressing global nutritional security. The global pulse area, production, and average productivity increased from 1961 to 2020 (60 years). Pulses are usually grown under rainfed, highly unstable, and complex production environments, with substantial variability in soil and environmental factors, high year-to-year output variability, and variation in soil moisture. Since the last six decades, there is not much satisfactory improvement in the yield of pulses because of their cultivation in harsh environments, coupled with their continuous ignorance of the farmers and governments in policy planning. As a result, the global food supplies through pulses remained negligible and amounted to merely ~1.0% of the total food supply and 1.2% of the vegan food system. In this situation, protein-rich food is still a question raised at the global level to make a malnutrition-free world. Pulses are a vital component of agricultural biological diversity, essential for tackling climate change, and serve as an energy diet for vegetarians. Pulses can mitigate climate change by reducing the dependence on synthetic fertilizers that artificially introduce nitrogen (N) into the soil. The high demand and manufacture of chemical fertilizers emit greenhouse gases (GHGs), and their overuse can harm the environment. In addition, the increasing demand for the vegetal protein under most global agroecosystems has to be met with under a stressed rainfed situation. The rainfed agroecosystem is a shelter for poor people from a significant part of the globe, such as Africa, South Asia, and Latin America. Nearly, 83% [over 1,260 million hectares (ha)] of cultivated land comes under rainfed agriculture, contributing significantly to global food security by supplying over 60% of the food. In rainfed areas, the limitation of natural resources with the shrinking land, continuous nutrient mining, soil fertility depletion, declining productivity factor, constantly depleting water availability, decreasing soil carbon (C) stock, augmented weed menace, ecological instability, and reduced system productivity are creating a more challenging situation. Pulses, being crops of marginal and semi-marginal soils of arid and semi-arid climates, require less input for cultivation, such as water, nutrients, tillage, labor, and energy. Furthermore, accommodation of the area for the cultivation of pulses reduces the groundwater exploitation, C and N footprints, agrochemical application in the cropping systems, and ill effects of climate change due to their inherent capacity to withstand harsh soil to exhibit phytoremediation properties and to stand well under stressed environmental condition. This article focuses on the role of pulses in ecological services, human wellbeing, soil, environmental health, and economic security for advanced sustainability. Therefore, this study will enhance the understanding of productivity improvement in a system-based approach in a rainfed agroecosystem through the involvement of pulses. Furthermore, the present study highlighted significant research findings and policy support in the direction of exploring the real yield potential of pulses. It will provide a road map to producers, researchers, policymakers, and government planners working on pulses to promote them in rainfed agroecosystems to achieve the United Nations (UN's) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Regional Station, Karnal, India
| | - K. A. Gopinath
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad, India
| | - Seema Sheoran
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Regional Station, Karnal, India
| | - Ram Swaroop Meena
- Department of Agronomy, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Ch. Srinivasarao
- ICAR-National Academy of Agricultural Research Management, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sandeep Bedwal
- Department of Soil Science, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
| | | | | | - Ramdhan Jat
- Department of Agronomy, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
| | - C. S. Praharaj
- ICAR - Directorate of Groundnut Research, Junagadh, Gujarat, India
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189
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Baekelandt A, Saltenis VLR, Nacry P, Malyska A, Cornelissen M, Nanda AK, Nair A, Rogowsky P, Pauwels L, Muller B, Collén J, Blomme J, Pribil M, Scharff LB, Davies J, Wilhelm R, Rolland N, Harbinson J, Boerjan W, Murchie EH, Burgess AJ, Cohan J, Debaeke P, Thomine S, Inzé D, Lankhorst RK, Parry MAJ. Paving the way towards future‐proofing our crops. Food Energy Secur 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Baekelandt
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Ghent University Ghent Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology Ghent Belgium
| | - Vandasue L. R. Saltenis
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences University of Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Philippe Nacry
- BPMP, Univ. Montpellier, INRAE, CNRS, Institut Agro Montpellier France
| | | | | | - Amrit Kaur Nanda
- Plants for the Future' European Technology Platform Brussels Belgium
| | - Abhishek Nair
- Marketing and Consumer Behaviour Group Wageningen University Wageningen Gelderland Netherlands
| | - Peter Rogowsky
- INRAE, UMR Plant Reproduction and Development Lyon France
| | - Laurens Pauwels
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Ghent University Ghent Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology Ghent Belgium
| | - Bertrand Muller
- Université de Montpellier – LEPSE – INRAE – Institut Agro Montpellier France
| | - Jonas Collén
- CNRS, Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M, UMR8227), Station Biologique de Roscoff Sorbonne Université Roscoff France
| | - Jonas Blomme
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Ghent University Ghent Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology Ghent Belgium
- Phycology Research Group, Department of Biology Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Mathias Pribil
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences University of Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Lars B. Scharff
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences University of Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Jessica Davies
- Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster University Lancaster UK
| | - Ralf Wilhelm
- Institute for Biosafety in Plant Biotechnology Julius Kühn‐Institut – Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants Quedlinburg Germany
| | - Norbert Rolland
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INRAE, CNRS, CEA Grenoble France
| | - Jeremy Harbinson
- Laboratory of Biophysics Wageningen University & Research Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Wout Boerjan
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Ghent University Ghent Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology Ghent Belgium
| | - Erik H. Murchie
- School of Biosciences University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington campus Loughborough UK
| | - Alexandra J. Burgess
- School of Biosciences University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington campus Loughborough UK
| | | | | | - Sébastien Thomine
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC) Université Paris‐Saclay, CEA, CNRS Gif‐sur‐Yvette France
| | - Dirk Inzé
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Ghent University Ghent Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology Ghent Belgium
| | - René Klein Lankhorst
- Wageningen Plant Research Wageningen University & Research Wageningen The Netherlands
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190
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Ramírez-Restrepo CA, Vera-Infanzón RR, Rao IM. The carbon footprint of young-beef cattle finishing systems in the Eastern Plains of the Orinoco River Basin of Colombia. Front Anim Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2023.1103826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionPrevious research has shown increased productivity amongst sown grass pastures compared to native savanna pastures by year-round grazing for fattening of adult and young Brahman (Bos indicus)-bred cattle in the well-drained native savanna ecosystem of the Colombian Orinoquía. But there is limited information on the carbon footprint (CF) of commercial young-Brahman heifers and steers reared throughout life on well-managed Brachiaria decumbens Stapf pastures.MethodsThe present study characterized growth, lifetime enteric methane (CH4) emissions, carcass carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2-eq) CH4 efficiency intensities (i.e., emissions per kg of product), and estimated the overall CF of young cattle grazing B. decumbens pastures subject to a range of daily liveweight gains (DLWGs; 0.428 – 0.516 kg) and fattening framework (405 – 574 kg). Weaning data from seven consecutive calving seasons in a commercial Brahman breeding herd continuously grazed on B. decumbens were integrated with a Microsoft Excel® dynamic greenhouse gas emission (GHGE) simulation of stockers-yearlings, and seven fattening, and processing scenarios.ResultsThe model predicted that heifers subject to low and high DLWGs (0.428 vs 0.516 kg) and steers (0.516 kg) may be successfully fattened without supplementation assuming that animals had access to a well-managed grass pasture. Depending on the fattening strategy, kg CO2-eq CH4/kg edible protein values ranged from 66.843 to 87.488 ± 0.497 for heifers and from 69.689 to 91.291 ± 0.446 for steers.DiscussionAssuming that forage on offer is at least 1,500-2,000 kg of dry matter/ha during the rainy season, all the simulated systems showed potential for C neutrality and net-zero C emission when considering GHGEs from the soil, pasture, and animal components vs the estimated soil C capture over seven seasons. However, under a more optimistic scenario, these beef systems could accomplish substantial net gains of soil C, over the period for which field data are available. Overall, this study projects the positive impact of the design of plausible fattening strategies on grasslands for improving cattle productivity and reducing emission intensities with concomitant increases in technical efficiency.
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191
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Yu G, Chen J, Wang G, Chen H, Huang J, Li Y, Wang W, Song F, Ma Y, Wang Q, Wang M, Ling T, Shu Z, Sun J, Yu Z. Recent advances in constructed wetlands methane reduction: Mechanisms and methods. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1106332. [PMID: 36819020 PMCID: PMC9936987 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1106332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Constructed wetlands (CWs) are artificial systems that use natural processes to treat wastewater containing organic pollutants. This approach has been widely applied in both developing and developed countries worldwide, providing a cost-effective method for industrial wastewater treatment and the improvement of environmental water quality. However, due to the large organic carbon inputs, CWs is produced in varying amounts of CH4 and have the potential to become an important contributor to global climate change. Subsequently, research on the mitigation of CH4 emissions by CWs is key to achieving sustainable, low-carbon dependency wastewater treatment systems. This review evaluates the current research on CH4 emissions from CWs through bibliometric analysis, summarizing the reported mechanisms of CH4 generation, transfer and oxidation in CWs. Furthermore, the important environmental factors driving CH4 generation in CW systems are summarized, including: temperature, water table position, oxidation reduction potential, and the effects of CW characteristics such as wetland type, plant species composition, substrate type, CW-coupled microbial fuel cell, oxygen supply, available carbon source, and salinity. This review provides guidance and novel perspectives for sustainable and effective CW management, as well as for future studies on CH4 reduction in CWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanlong Yu
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, China,Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Jundan Chen
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, China,Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Guoliang Wang
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, China,Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Huifang Chen
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, China,Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Jiajun Huang
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, China,Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Yifu Li
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, China,Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Wenming Wang
- Technology Center, Hunan Pilot Yanghu Reclaimed Water Co., Ltd., Changsha, China,*Correspondence: Wenming Wang,
| | - Fengming Song
- Technology Center, Hunan Pilot Yanghu Reclaimed Water Co., Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Yuanjun Ma
- Technology Department, Hunan Rongantai Ecological Technology Co., Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Technology and Information Department, CCCC-TDC Environmental Engineering Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- Technology and Information Department, CCCC-TDC Environmental Engineering Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Ling
- Engineering Department, China Railway Wuju Group the First Engineering Co., Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Zhilai Shu
- Engineering Department, China Railway Wuju Group the First Engineering Co., Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Julong Sun
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, China,Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Zhi Yu
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, China,Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China
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192
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Shen G, Ru X, Gu Y, Liu W, Wang K, Li B, Guo Y, Han J. Pollution Characteristics, Spatial Distribution, and Evaluation of Heavy Metal(loid)s in Farmland Soils in a Typical Mountainous Hilly Area in China. Foods 2023; 12. [PMID: 36766209 DOI: 10.3390/foods12030681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Heavy metal(loid)s pollution in farmland soil is not only a serious environmental but also a human health-related issue. Accurate understanding and evaluation of heavy metal pollution levels in the soil are very important for sustainable agricultural development and food safety. Mountainous and hilly areas have the dual functions of industrial development and agricultural production, and the farmland soil in these areas is more susceptible to heavy metal pollution. In this study, the single factor index, Nemerow index, geo-accumulation index, enrichment factor index, and potential ecological risk indices, which are mainly used to assess the contamination and risk of heavy metals in farmland soils. The sources of heavy metals in agricultural soils of the study area were analyzed using correlation analysis and principal component analysis. Finally, geostatistical methods were used to map the heavy metal contamination of farmland soils. An average concentration of all heavy metals (except As) in farmland soils of the study area exceeded the corresponding background values, as indicated by the obtained results. The results of the principal component analysis showed that the heavy metal sources in the soils of the study area can be classified into two groups. The five pollutant index methods all showed the most serious Hg pollution in the study area. The integrated pollutant mapping results showed that the risk of heavy metal pollution in the study area was mostly moderate, except for the western and central parts of the region. This study enhances understanding of the pollution levers of heavy metals in Yiyuan farmland soils, and also can facilitate the monitoring of heavy metal contaminants at the primary stage of the food chain and assess the risk of the presence of heavy metal contaminants in food, thus improving the health of the residents.
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193
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Zhang Z, You L, Lin J, Wu Y, Zhong H, Chen J, Jiang F, Zhang Y, Wang MK, Huang Y. Impact of soil surface properties on soil swelling of different soil layers in collapsing wall of Benggang. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280729. [PMID: 36730454 PMCID: PMC9894474 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Benggang is one of the most serious soil erosion problems in tropical and subtropical areas in southern China. Little work has been reported on the surface properties of soil colloidal particle and its influence on soil swelling of different soil layers in collapsing wall of Benggang. In this present work, the effects of sodium concentration on soil swelling, and the correlations between soil swelling rates and soil colloidal surface properties were comprehensively evaluated by carefully examining soil physicochemical properties and soil colloidal surface properties of red, sandy and detritus soil layers from a collapsing wall. Our results showed that the soil swelling rates of red, sandy and detritus soil layers all exponentially decreased with increasing initial water contents. The relationship between soil swelling rate and the thickness of shear plane showed an extremely significant negative correlation for red soil layer and no correlation for sandy and detritus soil layers. Moreover, the elevating sodium concentrations reduced the thickness of shear plane from 39.69 to 0.76 nm for red soil layer, followed from 22.56 to 0.79 nm for sandy soil layer and from 18.61 to 0.64 nm for detritus soil layer. These findings indicated that the soil particle interactions played a crucial role in the development and occurrence of Benggang. This work will be helpful in understanding the mechanisms of soil mass loss on the gully head and collapsing wall of Benggang.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zhang
- Jinshan Soil and Water Conservation Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Lexing You
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- * E-mail: (LY); (YH)
| | - Jinshi Lin
- Jinshan Soil and Water Conservation Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yunbo Wu
- Jinshan Soil and Water Conservation Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Honglin Zhong
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Jinshan Soil and Water Conservation Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Fangshi Jiang
- Jinshan Soil and Water Conservation Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Jinshan Soil and Water Conservation Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Ming-Kuang Wang
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yanhe Huang
- Jinshan Soil and Water Conservation Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- * E-mail: (LY); (YH)
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194
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Nguyen TT, Navarrete S, Horne D, Donaghy D, Bryant RH, Kemp P. Dairy Cows Grazing Plantain-Based Pastures Have Increased Urine Patches and Reduced Urine N Concentration That Potentially Decreases N Leaching from a Pastoral System. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13. [PMID: 36766415 DOI: 10.3390/ani13030528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of grazing plantain-based pastures on urine volume, urination frequency, and urinary nitrogen (UN) concentration of dairy cows under a typical pastoral dairy practice offering approximately 25% supplemented feeds. The experiment was a completely randomised design with three pasture treatments (perennial ryegrass-white clover (RGWC); RGWC + low plantain rate (PLL); and RGWC + high plantain rate (PLH)), five replicate plots, and repeated in two sequential grazing periods. Forty-five lactating Friesian × Jersey cows were randomly assigned into three groups of 15 animals each to graze over six days in adaptation paddocks and three days in experimental plots. Urine flow sensors were used to measure urine volume and urinary frequency, while spot urine sampling was conducted to determine nitrogen (N) concentration in cow urine. The results showed that including 25% plantain in the diet (PLH) increased daily urine volume by 44% and the daily number of urinations by 28%, compared to grazing the RGWC pasture. In addition, N concentration in cow urine was decreased by 18 and 29% when the diet contained 18% and 25% plantain, respectively. In conclusion, under a typical dairy farm practice, incorporating plantain into the RGWC pasture with the proportion of 25% plantain in the diet can increase the number of urine patches and reduce the concentration of N in the urine, thereby providing the opportunity to decrease N leaching from pastoral systems.
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195
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Bressler A, Blesh J. A grass–legume cover crop maintains nitrogen inputs and nitrous oxide fluxes from an organic agroecosystem. Ecosphere 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alison Bressler
- School for Environment and Sustainability University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA
| | - Jennifer Blesh
- School for Environment and Sustainability University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA
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196
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Lian H, Qin C, Yan M, He Z, Begum N, Zhang S. Genetic variation in nitrogen-use efficiency and its associated traits in dryland winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars released from the 1940s to the 2010s in Shaanxi Province, China. J Sci Food Agric 2023; 103:1366-1376. [PMID: 36131517 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improving the nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE) of wheat can help mitigate the problems of poor soil fertility under dryland conditions. We conducted field experiments using three nitrogen (N) fertilization levels (0, 120, and 180 kg ha-1 ) applied to eight dryland wheat cultivars to assess NUE and its associated traits. RESULTS The grain yield significantly increased with the improvement in variety, mainly as a result of a substantial increase in 1000-grain weight and harvest index. Modern wheat varieties have stabilized at an optimal plant height and exhibited improved performance in terms of NUE, partial N productivity, N harvest index, and grain protein content compared to older varieties. The NUE of wheat gradually increased with variety replacement. The net photosynthesis rate of the flag leaves in the filling stage improved with the year of cultivar release; Increasing soil-plant analysis development (SPAD) values of flag leaves in the flowering and filling stages were observed over time, with the flag leaves of modern varieties showing a high chlorophyll content in the filling stage. Additionally, the principal component analysis showed that the SPAD value, grain number per unit area, transpiration rate, leaf area, and grain protein content positively contributed to the clustering of the N180 and modern cultivars (from the 2000s to 2010s). CONCLUSION Overall, high levels of N application did not significantly improve the NUE of wheat. However, modern wheat varieties can optimize N distribution, increase flag leaf photosynthetic capacity, and improve photosynthesis ability, thus enhancing NUE to achieve high yields under a suitable level of N supply. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huida Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, China
| | - Cheng Qin
- Changzhi University, Changzhi, China
| | - Minfei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zhan He
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Naheeda Begum
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics and Breeding for Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Suiqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, China
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197
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Gao Z, Jiang S, Zhong W, Liu T, Guo J. Linalool controls the viability of Escherichia coli by regulating the synthesis and modification of lipopolysaccharide, the assembly of ribosome, and the expression of substrate transporting proteins. Food Res Int 2023; 164:112337. [PMID: 36737930 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a Gram-negative bacterium and some pathogenic types may cause serious diseases, foods or food environments were the primary routes for its infection. Citrus aurantium L. var. amara Engl., a variety of sour orange, were used as a kind of non-conventional edible plant in China, but its antimicrobial activity and mechanisms were not well studied. Thus, in this study, EO from the flower of Citrus aurantium L. var. amara Engl. (CAEO) were studied as a kind of natural antimicrobial agent to control E. coli, our results showed that both of CAEO and its main component (linalool) exhibited strong antibacterial efficacy. Further, transcriptomic and proteomic analysis were carried out to explore cell response under linalool treatment and the main results included: (1) The synthesis and modification of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was significantly influenced. (2) Ribosomal assembly and protein synthesis were significantly inhibited. (3) The expression of proteins related to the uptake of several essential substances was significantly changed. In all, our results would supply a theoretical basis for the proper use of CAEO and linalool as a promising antimicrobial agent to prevent and control E. coli infection in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Gao
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Featured Aquatic Resources Utilization, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Sifan Jiang
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Featured Aquatic Resources Utilization, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan Province, China
| | - Weiming Zhong
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Featured Aquatic Resources Utilization, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Hunan Agriculture Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jiajing Guo
- Hunan Agriculture Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, Hunan Province, China.
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198
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Mohan C, Annachhatre A. Role of pine needle biochar in operation and stability of anaerobic processes. Biodegradation 2023; 34:53-71. [PMID: 36399191 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-022-10004-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Utility of biochar addition in anaerobic processes for promoting direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) is demonstrated in this research. Biochar produced from pyrolysis of pine needle forest residue was used as conductive material for DIET. Three CSTRs were operated in parallel with and without biochar addition in fed-batch mode. Reactor without biochar which represented indirect interspecies electron transfer (IIET) exhibited wide variation in pH and VFA and took longer period during startup. All the rectors were operated at steady state with an OLR ranging from 0.5 to 1.75 kg-COD/m3.d. As OLR increased, performance of reactor without biochar resulted in rapid pH drop and increase in VFA, leading to its eventual failure at OLR of 1.75 kg-COD/m3.d. As against to this, performance of reactors with biochar remained robust and relatively unaffected at higher OLR values. Daily VFA accumulation from fed-batch mode always remained highest in reactor without biochar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chander Mohan
- Indian Institute of Technology, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, 175005, India
| | - Ajit Annachhatre
- Indian Institute of Technology, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, 175005, India.
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199
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Valette N, Legout A, Goodell B, Alfredsen G, Auer L, Gelhaye E, Derrien D. Impact of Norway spruce pre-degradation stages induced by Gloeophyllum trabeum on fungal and bacterial communities. FUNGAL ECOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2022.101188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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200
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Wang B, Hou M, Shi J, Ku L, Song W, Li C, Ning Q, Li X, Li C, Zhao B, Zhang R, Xu H, Bai Z, Xia Z, Wang H, Kong D, Wei H, Jing Y, Dai Z, Wang HH, Zhu X, Li C, Sun X, Wang S, Yao W, Hou G, Qi Z, Dai H, Li X, Zheng H, Zhang Z, Li Y, Wang T, Jiang T, Wan Z, Chen Y, Zhao J, Lai J, Wang H. De novo genome assembly and analyses of 12 founder inbred lines provide insights into maize heterosis. Nat Genet 2023; 55:312-323. [PMID: 36646891 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-022-01283-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid maize displays superior heterosis and contributes over 30% of total worldwide cereal production. However, the molecular mechanisms of heterosis remain obscure. Here we show that structural variants (SVs) between the parental lines have a predominant role underpinning maize heterosis. De novo assembly and analyses of 12 maize founder inbred lines (FILs) reveal abundant genetic variations among these FILs and, through expression quantitative trait loci and association analyses, we identify several SVs contributing to genomic and phenotypic differentiations of various heterotic groups. Using a set of 91 diallel-cross F1 hybrids, we found strong positive correlations between better-parent heterosis of the F1 hybrids and the numbers of SVs between the parental lines, providing concrete genomic support for a prevalent role of genetic complementation underlying heterosis. Further, we document evidence that SVs in both ZAR1 and ZmACO2 contribute to yield heterosis in an overdominance fashion. Our results should promote genomics-based breeding of hybrid maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baobao Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Hou
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biology, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Junpeng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry & National Maize Improvement Center, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lixia Ku
- College of Agronomy and National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture & Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunhui Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Ning
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Li
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Changyu Li
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Binbin Zhao
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruyang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture & Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Xu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhijing Bai
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhanchao Xia
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hai Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dexin Kong
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongbin Wei
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifeng Jing
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhouyan Dai
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hu Hailing Wang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Zhu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunhui Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture & Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture & Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuaishuai Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture & Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Yao
- College of Agronomy and National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Gege Hou
- College of Agronomy and National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhi Qi
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biology, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - He Dai
- Biomarker Technologies Corporation, Beijing, China
| | - Xuming Li
- Biomarker Technologies Corporation, Beijing, China
| | | | - Zuxin Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyu Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Taijiao Jiang
- Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, China.,Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoman Wan
- Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, China
| | - Yanhui Chen
- College of Agronomy and National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Jiuran Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture & Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Jinsheng Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry & National Maize Improvement Center, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
| | - Haiyang Wang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
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