151
|
Godbole NM, Chowdhury AA, Chataut N, Awasthi S. Tight Junctions, the Epithelial Barrier, and Toll-like Receptor-4 During Lung Injury. Inflammation 2022; 45:2142-2162. [PMID: 35779195 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-022-01708-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Lung epithelium is constantly exposed to the environment and is critically important for the orchestration of initial responses to infectious organisms, toxins, and allergic stimuli, and maintenance of normal gaseous exchange and pulmonary function. The integrity of lung epithelium, fluid balance, and transport of molecules is dictated by the tight junctions (TJs). The TJs are formed between adjacent cells. We have focused on the topic of the TJ structure and function in lung epithelial cells. This review includes a summary of the last twenty years of literature reports published on the disrupted TJs and epithelial barrier in various lung conditions and expression and regulation of specific TJ proteins against pathogenic stimuli. We discuss the molecular signaling and crosstalk among signaling pathways that control the TJ structure and function. The Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) recognizes the pathogen- and damage-associated molecular patterns released during lung injury and inflammation and coordinates cellular responses. The molecular aspects of TLR4 signaling in the context of TJs or the epithelial barrier are not fully known. We describe the current knowledge and possible networking of the TLR4-signaling with cellular and molecular mechanisms of TJs, lung epithelial barrier function, and resistance to treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nachiket M Godbole
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1110 N. Stonewall Avenue, Oklahoma City, OK, 73117, USA
| | - Asif Alam Chowdhury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1110 N. Stonewall Avenue, Oklahoma City, OK, 73117, USA
| | - Neha Chataut
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1110 N. Stonewall Avenue, Oklahoma City, OK, 73117, USA
| | - Shanjana Awasthi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1110 N. Stonewall Avenue, Oklahoma City, OK, 73117, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
152
|
Guo Z, Liu X, Shao H. E2F4-induced AGAP2-AS1 up-regulation accelerates the progression of colorectal cancer via miR-182-5p/CFL1 axis. Dig Liver Dis 2022; 54:878-889. [PMID: 34838479 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2021.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are closely associated with the pathogenesis of numerous diseases including cancers. LncRNA AGAP2 Antisense RNA 1 (AGAP2-AS1) has been found to participate in the tumorigenesis of several kinds of human cancers. Nonetheless, its potential function in colorectal cancer (CRC) was still poorly investigated. METHODS The expression level of RNAs or proteins was assessed by RT-qPCR or western blot analysis. Functional experiments were performed to analyze the role of AGAP2-AS1 in CRC in vitro and in vivo. Mechanism investigations were fulfilled to determine the potential mechanism of the molecules. RESULTS AGAP2-AS1 expression was significantly elevated in CRC cells and could be transcriptionally activated by E2F Transcription Factor 4 (E2F4). Down-regulated AGAP2-AS1 could weaken CRC cell growth, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). MicroRNA-182-5p (miR-182-5p) was the target downstream molecule of AGAP2-AS1. Furthermore, Cofilin 1 (CFL1) was proved as the target of miR-182-5p. Mechanically, AGAP2-AS1 could boost the CFL1 expression via competitively binding to miR-182-5p in CRC. Importantly, CFL1 restoration could counteract the in vitro and in vivo suppression of depleted AGAP2-AS1 on CRC progression. CONCLUSION E2F4-stimulated AGAP2-AS1 aggravated CRC development through regulating miR-182-5p/CFL1 axis, implying that AGAP2-AS1 might become a potent new target for future therapies for CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Guo
- Gastrointestinal Surgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China
| | - Xuezhong Liu
- Gastrointestinal Surgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China
| | - Hongjin Shao
- Anorectal Department, Liaocheng People's Hospital, NO.67 Dongchang West Road, Dongchangfu District, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
153
|
Ahlswede L, Siebenaller C, Junglas B, Hellmann N, Schneider D. Human Claudin-7 cis-Interactions Are Not Crucial for Membrane-Membrane (Trans-) Interactions. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:908383. [PMID: 35832741 PMCID: PMC9271825 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.908383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human Claudin-7 (Cldn7) is a member of the Claudin (Cldn) superfamily. In vivo, these proteins form tight junctions, which establish constricted connections between cells. Cldns oligomerize within the membrane plane (= cis-interaction), and also interact with Cldns from adjacent cells (= trans-interaction). Interactions of Cldns are typically studied in vivo and structural analyses of isolated Cldns are limited. Here, we describe heterologous expression in E. coli and purification of human Cldn7, enabling in vitro analyses of the isolated protein using detergent and model membrane systems. Cldn7 exists as a monomer, hexamer, and various higher oligomers in micelles. While only limited unfolding of the protein was observed in the presence of the anionic detergent sodium dodecyl sulfate, decreased ionic strength did affect Cldn7 cis-interactions. Furthermore, we identified two amino acids which mediate electrostatic cis-interactions and analyzed the impact of disturbed cis-interaction on trans-contacts via atomic force microscopy and monitoring Förster resonance energy transfer between fluorescently labeled Cldn7-containing proteoliposomes. Our results indicate that Cldn7 cis-oligomerization might not be a prerequisite for establishing trans-contacts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lena Ahlswede
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Carmen Siebenaller
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Benedikt Junglas
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nadja Hellmann
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Dirk Schneider
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- *Correspondence: Dirk Schneider,
| |
Collapse
|
154
|
Wellens S, Gosselet F, Culot M. Challenges and opportunities in the use of transcriptomics characterization for human iPSC-derived BBB models. Toxicol In Vitro 2022;:105424. [PMID: 35760296 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is localized at the brain microvascular endothelial cells. These cells form a tight barrier, limiting the access of cells, pathogens, chemicals, and toxins to the brain due to tight junctions and efflux transporters. As the BBB plays a role in the assessment of neurotoxicity and brain uptake of drugs, human in vitro BBB models are highly needed. They allow to evaluate if compounds could reach the central nervous system across the BBB or can compromise its barrier function. Past decade, multiple induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived BBB differentiation protocols emerged. These protocols can be divided in two groups, the one-step protocols, direct differentiation from iPSC to BBB cells, or the two-step protocols, differentiation for iPSC to endothelial (progenitor) cells and further induction of BBB characteristics. While the one-step differentiation protocols display good barrier properties, reports question their endothelial nature and maturation status. Therefore protocol characterization remains important. With transcriptomics becoming cheaper, this may support iPSC-derived model characterization. Because of the constraints in obtaining human brain tissue, good human reference data is scarce and would bear inter-individual variability. Additionally, comparison across studies might be challenging due to variations in sample preparation and analysis. Hopefully, increasing use of transcriptomics will allow in-depth characterization of the current iPSC-BBB models and guide researchers to generate more relevant human BBB models.
Collapse
|
155
|
Szabo R, Ward JM, Artunc F, Bugge TH. EPCAM and TROP2 share role in claudin stabilization and development of intestinal and extraintestinal epithelia in mice. Biol Open 2022; 11:275770. [PMID: 35730316 PMCID: PMC9294608 DOI: 10.1242/bio.059403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
EPCAM (Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule) is a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed on the surface of most epithelial and epithelium-derived tumor cells and reported to regulate stability of epithelial tight junction proteins, claudins. Despite its widespread expression, loss of EPCAM function has so far only been reported to prominently affect intestinal development, resulting in severe early onset enteropathy associated with impaired growth and decreased survival in both humans and mice. In this study, we show that the critical role of EPCAM is not limited to intestinal tissues and that it shares its essential function with its only known homolog, TROP2 (Trophoblast cell surface antigen 2). EPCAM-deficient mice show significant growth retardation and die within four weeks after birth. In addition to changes in small and large intestines, loss of EPCAM results in hyperkeratosis in skin and forestomach, hair follicle atrophy leading to alopecia, nephron hypoplasia in kidney, proteinuria, and altered production of digestive enzymes by pancreas. Expression of TROP2 partially, but not completely, overlaps with EPCAM in a number developing epithelia. Although loss of TROP2 had no gross impact on mouse development and survival, TROP2 deficiency generally compounded developmental defects observed in EPCAM-deficient mice, led to about 60% decrease in embryonic viability, and further shortened postnatal lifespan of born pups. Importantly, TROP2 was able to compensate for the loss of EPCAM in stabilizing claudin-7 expression and cell membrane localization in tissues that co-express both proteins. These findings identify overlapping functions of EPCAM and TROP2 as regulators of epithelial development in both intestinal and extraintestinal tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Szabo
- Proteases and Tissue Remodeling Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Ferruh Artunc
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) at the University Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas H Bugge
- Proteases and Tissue Remodeling Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
156
|
Guadagni S, Masedu F, Fiorentini G, Sarti D, Fiorentini C, Guadagni V, Apostolou P, Papasotiriou I, Parsonidis P, Valenti M, Ricevuto E, Bruera G, Farina AR, Mackay AR, Clementi M. Circulating tumour cell gene expression and chemosensitivity analyses: predictive accuracy for response to multidisciplinary treatment of patients with unresectable refractory recurrent rectal cancer or unresectable refractory colorectal cancer liver metastases. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:660. [PMID: 35710393 PMCID: PMC9202660 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09770-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with unresectable recurrent rectal cancer (RRC) or colorectal cancer (CRC) with liver metastases, refractory to at least two lines of traditional systemic therapy, may receive third line intraarterial chemotherapy (IC) and targeted therapy (TT) using drugs selected by chemosensitivity and tumor gene expression analyses of liquid biopsy-derived circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Methods In this retrospective study, 36 patients with refractory unresectable RRC or refractory unresectable CRC liver metastases were submitted for IC and TT with agents selected by precision oncotherapy chemosensitivity assays performed on liquid biopsy-derived CTCs, transiently cultured in vitro, and by tumor gene expression in the same CTC population, as a ratio to tumor gene expression in peripheral mononuclear blood cells (PMBCs) from the same individual. The endpoint was to evaluate the predictive accuracy of a specific liquid biopsy precision oncotherapy CTC purification and in vitro culture methodology for a positive RECIST 1.1 response to the therapy selected. Results Our analyses resulted in evaluations of 94.12% (95% CI 0.71–0.99) for sensitivity, 5.26% (95% CI 0.01–0.26) for specificity, a predictive value of 47.06% (95% CI 0.29–0.65) for a positive response, a predictive value of 50% (95% CI 0.01–0.98) for a negative response, with an overall calculated predictive accuracy of 47.22% (95% CI 0.30–0.64). Conclusions This is the first reported estimation of predictive accuracy derived from combining chemosensitivity and tumor gene expression analyses on liquid biopsy-derived CTCs, transiently cultured in vitro which, despite limitations, represents a baseline and benchmark which we envisage will be improve upon by methodological and technological advances and future clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Guadagni
- Department of Applied Clinical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Francesco Masedu
- Department of Applied Clinical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giammaria Fiorentini
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera "Ospedali Riuniti Marche Nord", Pesaro, Italy
| | - Donatella Sarti
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera "Ospedali Riuniti Marche Nord", Pesaro, Italy
| | - Caterina Fiorentini
- Department of Prevention and Sports Medicine, University Hospital Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Veronica Guadagni
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Marco Valenti
- Department of Applied Clinical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Enrico Ricevuto
- Department of Applied Clinical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Gemma Bruera
- Department of Applied Clinical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Antonietta R Farina
- Department of Applied Clinical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Andrew R Mackay
- Department of Applied Clinical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Marco Clementi
- Department of Applied Clinical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
157
|
Ianole V, Danciu M, Volovat C, Stefanescu C, Herghelegiu PC, Leon F, Iftene A, Cusmuliuc CG, Toma B, Drug V, Ciobanu Apostol DG. Is High Expression of Claudin-7 in Advanced Colorectal Carcinoma Associated with a Poor Survival Rate? A Comparative Statistical and Artificial Intelligence Study. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2915. [PMID: 35740581 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The need for predictive and prognostic biomarkers in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) brought us to an era where the use of artificial intelligence (AI) models is increasing. We investigated the expression of Claudin-7, a tight junction component, which plays a crucial role in maintaining the integrity of normal epithelial mucosa, and its potential prognostic role in advanced CRCs by drawing a parallel between statistical and AI algorithms. Claudin-7 immunohistochemical expression was evaluated in the tumor core and invasion front of CRCs and correlated with clinicopathological parameters and survival using statistical and AI algorithms. The Kaplan–Meier univariate survival analysis showed that the immunohistochemical overexpression of Claudin-7 in the tumor invasive front may represent a poor prognostic factor in advanced stages of CRCs. On the contrary, AI models could not predict the same outcome, probably because of the small number of patients included in our cohort. Abstract Aim: The need for predictive and prognostic biomarkers in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) brought us to an era where the use of artificial intelligence (AI) models is increasing. We investigated the expression of Claudin-7, a tight junction component, which plays a crucial role in maintaining the integrity of normal epithelial mucosa, and its potential prognostic role in advanced CRCs, by drawing a parallel between statistical and AI algorithms. Methods: Claudin-7 immunohistochemical expression was evaluated in the tumor core and invasion front of CRCs from 84 patients and correlated with clinicopathological parameters and survival. The results were compared with those obtained by using various AI algorithms. Results: the Kaplan–Meier univariate survival analysis showed a significant correlation between survival and Claudin-7 intensity in the invasive front (p = 0.00), a higher expression being associated with a worse prognosis, while Claudin-7 intensity in the tumor core had no impact on survival. In contrast, AI models could not predict the same outcome on survival. Conclusion: The study showed through statistical means that the immunohistochemical overexpression of Claudin-7 in the tumor invasive front may represent a poor prognostic factor in advanced stages of CRCs, contrary to AI models which could not predict the same outcome, probably because of the small number of patients included in our cohort.
Collapse
|
158
|
Maesaka F, Kuwada M, Horii S, Kishi S, Fujiwara-Tani R, Mori S, Fujii K, Mori T, Ohmori H, Owari T, Miyake M, Nakai Y, Tanaka N, Bhawal UK, Luo Y, Kondoh M, Fujimoto K, Kuniyasu H. Hypomethylation of CLDN4 Gene Promoter Is Associated with Malignant Phenotype in Urinary Bladder Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126516. [PMID: 35742959 PMCID: PMC9224287 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The tight junction (TJ) protein claudin-4 (CLDN4) is overexpressed in bladder urothelial carcinoma (BUC) and correlates with cancer progression. However, the mechanism of CLDN4 upregulation and promotion of malignant phenotype is not clear. Here, we analyzed 157 cases of BUC and investigated the hypomethylation of CpG island in the CLDN4 promoter DNA and its correlation with cancer progression. In hypomethylated cases, CLDN4 expression, cell proliferation, stemness, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition were increased. Treatment of three human BUC cell lines with the demethylating agent aza-2′-deoxycytidine (AZA) led to excessive CLDN4 expression, and, specifically, to an increase in CLDN4 monomer that is not integrated into the TJ. The TJ-unintegrated CLDN4 was found to bind integrin β1 and increase stemness, drug resistance, and metastatic ability of the cells as well as show an anti-apoptosis effect likely via FAK phosphorylation, which reduces upon knockdown of CLDN4. Thus, CLDN4 is overexpressed in BUC by an epigenetic mechanism and the high expression enhances the malignant phenotype of BUC via increased levels of TJ-unintegrated CLDN4. CLDN4 promoter DNA methylation is expected to be a novel indicator of BUC malignant phenotype and a new therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fumisato Maesaka
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Nara, Japan; (F.M.); (M.K.); (S.H.); (S.K.); (R.F.-T.); (S.M.); (K.F.); (T.M.); (H.O.); (U.K.B.)
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8522, Nara, Japan; (T.O.); (M.M.); (Y.N.); (N.T.); (K.F.)
| | - Masaomi Kuwada
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Nara, Japan; (F.M.); (M.K.); (S.H.); (S.K.); (R.F.-T.); (S.M.); (K.F.); (T.M.); (H.O.); (U.K.B.)
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8522, Nara, Japan; (T.O.); (M.M.); (Y.N.); (N.T.); (K.F.)
| | - Shohei Horii
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Nara, Japan; (F.M.); (M.K.); (S.H.); (S.K.); (R.F.-T.); (S.M.); (K.F.); (T.M.); (H.O.); (U.K.B.)
| | - Shingo Kishi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Nara, Japan; (F.M.); (M.K.); (S.H.); (S.K.); (R.F.-T.); (S.M.); (K.F.); (T.M.); (H.O.); (U.K.B.)
| | - Rina Fujiwara-Tani
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Nara, Japan; (F.M.); (M.K.); (S.H.); (S.K.); (R.F.-T.); (S.M.); (K.F.); (T.M.); (H.O.); (U.K.B.)
| | - Shiori Mori
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Nara, Japan; (F.M.); (M.K.); (S.H.); (S.K.); (R.F.-T.); (S.M.); (K.F.); (T.M.); (H.O.); (U.K.B.)
| | - Kiyomu Fujii
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Nara, Japan; (F.M.); (M.K.); (S.H.); (S.K.); (R.F.-T.); (S.M.); (K.F.); (T.M.); (H.O.); (U.K.B.)
| | - Takuya Mori
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Nara, Japan; (F.M.); (M.K.); (S.H.); (S.K.); (R.F.-T.); (S.M.); (K.F.); (T.M.); (H.O.); (U.K.B.)
| | - Hitoshi Ohmori
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Nara, Japan; (F.M.); (M.K.); (S.H.); (S.K.); (R.F.-T.); (S.M.); (K.F.); (T.M.); (H.O.); (U.K.B.)
| | - Takuya Owari
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8522, Nara, Japan; (T.O.); (M.M.); (Y.N.); (N.T.); (K.F.)
| | - Makito Miyake
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8522, Nara, Japan; (T.O.); (M.M.); (Y.N.); (N.T.); (K.F.)
| | - Yasushi Nakai
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8522, Nara, Japan; (T.O.); (M.M.); (Y.N.); (N.T.); (K.F.)
| | - Nobumichi Tanaka
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8522, Nara, Japan; (T.O.); (M.M.); (Y.N.); (N.T.); (K.F.)
| | - Ujjal Kumar Bhawal
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Nara, Japan; (F.M.); (M.K.); (S.H.); (S.K.); (R.F.-T.); (S.M.); (K.F.); (T.M.); (H.O.); (U.K.B.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Yi Luo
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, China;
| | - Masuo Kondoh
- Drug Innovation Center, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 6-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan;
| | - Kiyohide Fujimoto
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8522, Nara, Japan; (T.O.); (M.M.); (Y.N.); (N.T.); (K.F.)
| | - Hiroki Kuniyasu
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Nara, Japan; (F.M.); (M.K.); (S.H.); (S.K.); (R.F.-T.); (S.M.); (K.F.); (T.M.); (H.O.); (U.K.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-744-22-3051; Fax: +81-744-25-7308
| |
Collapse
|
159
|
Weiß F, Holthaus D, Kraft M, Klotz C, Schneemann M, Schulzke JD, Krug SM. Human duodenal organoid-derived monolayers serve as a suitable barrier model for duodenal tissue. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2022; 1515:155-167. [PMID: 35666953 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Usually, duodenal barriers are investigated using intestinal cell lines like Caco-2, which in contrast to native tissue are limited in cell-type representation. Organoids can consist of all intestinal cell types and are supposed to better reflect the in vivo situation. Growing three-dimensionally, with the apical side facing the lumen, application of typical physiological techniques to analyze the barrier is difficult. Organoid-derived monolayers (ODMs) were developed to overcome this. After optimizing culturing conditions, ODMs were characterized and compared to Caco-2 and duodenal tissue. Tight junction composition and appearance were analyzed, and electrophysiological barrier properties, like paracellular and transcellular barrier function and macromolecule permeability, were evaluated. Furthermore, transcriptomic data were analyzed. ODMs had tight junction protein expression and paracellular barrier properties much more resembling the originating tissue than Caco-2. Transcellular barrier was similar between ODMs and native tissue but was increased in Caco-2. Transcriptomic data showed that Caco-2 expressed fewer solute carriers than ODMs and native tissue. In conclusion, while Caco-2 cells differ mostly in transcellular properties, ODMs reflect trans- and paracellular properties of the originating tissue. If cultured under optimized conditions, ODMs possess reproducible functionality, and the variety of different cell types makes them a suitable model for human tissue-specific investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Weiß
- Clinical Physiology/Nutritional Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CBF, Berlin, Germany
| | - David Holthaus
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Unit 16 Mycotic and Parasitic Agents and Mycobacteria, Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Kraft
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Unit 16 Mycotic and Parasitic Agents and Mycobacteria, Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Klotz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Unit 16 Mycotic and Parasitic Agents and Mycobacteria, Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martina Schneemann
- Clinical Physiology/Nutritional Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CBF, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg D Schulzke
- Clinical Physiology/Nutritional Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CBF, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne M Krug
- Clinical Physiology/Nutritional Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CBF, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
160
|
Schälter F, Frech M, Dürholz K, Lucas S, Sarter K, Lebon L, Esser-von Bieren J, Dubey LK, Voehringer D, Schett G, Harris NL, Zaiss MM. Acetate, a metabolic product of Heligmosomoides polygyrus, facilitates intestinal epithelial barrier breakdown in a FFAR2-dependent manner. Int J Parasitol 2022; 52:591-601. [PMID: 35671792 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2022.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 2 billion people worldwide and a significant part of the domestic livestock are infected with soil-transmitted helminths, of which many establish chronic infections causing substantial economic and welfare burdens. Beside intensive research on helminth-triggered mucosal and systemic immune responses, the local mechanism that enables infective larvae to cross the intestinal epithelial barrier and invade mucosal tissue remains poorly addressed. Here, we show that Heligmosomoides polygyrus infective L3s secrete acetate and that acetate potentially facilitates paracellular epithelial tissue invasion by changed epithelial tight junction claudin expression. In vitro, impedance-based real-time epithelial cell line barrier measurements together with ex vivo functional permeability assays in intestinal organoid cultures revealed that acetate decreased intercellular barrier function via the G-protein coupled free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFAR2, GPR43). In vivo validation experiments in FFAR2-/- mice showed lower H. polygyrus burdens, whereas oral acetate-treated C57BL/6 wild type mice showed higher burdens. These data suggest that locally secreted acetate - as a metabolic product of the energy metabolism of H. polygyrus L3s - provides a significant advantage to the parasite in crossing the intestinal epithelial barrier and invading mucosal tissues. This is the first and a rate-limiting step for helminths to establish chronic infections in their hosts and if modulated could have profound consequences for their life cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Schälter
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Frech
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Dürholz
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sébastien Lucas
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Sarter
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Luc Lebon
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Julia Esser-von Bieren
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland; Center of Allergy and Environment, Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Lalit K Dubey
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland; Centre of Microvascular Research, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - David Voehringer
- Department of Infection Biology, University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nicola L Harris
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland; Department of Immunology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mario M Zaiss
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany; Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
161
|
Li Y, Wang C, Zhang L, Chen B, Mo Y, Zhang J. Claudin-5a is essential for the functional formation of both zebrafish blood-brain barrier and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier. Fluids Barriers CNS 2022; 19:40. [PMID: 35658877 PMCID: PMC9164509 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-022-00337-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mammalian Claudin-5 is the main endothelial tight junction component maintaining blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, while Claudin-1 and -3 seal the paracellular space of choroid plexus (CP) epithelial cells contributing to the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB). In zebrafish, two paralogs of claudin-5a and -5b are expressed while their roles in the formation of BBB and BCSFB are unclear. Methods The expression patterns of Claudin-5a and -5b in zebrafish brains were systematically analyzed by immunofluorescence (IF) assay. The developmental functions of Claudin-5a and -5b were characterized by generating of claudin-5a and -5b mutants respectively. Meanwhile, the cerebral inflammation and cell apoptosis in claudin-5a-/- were assessed by live imaging of transgenic zebrafish, RT-qPCR, IF, and TUNEL assay. The integrity of BBB and BCSFB was evaluated by in vivo angiographic and dye permeation assay. Finally, RT-qPCR, whole-mount RNA in situ hybridization (WISH), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses were performed to investigate the development of cerebral vessels and choroid plexus. Results We showed that Claudin-5a and -5b are both expressed in zebrafish cerebrovascular endothelial cells (ECs). In addition, Claudin-5a was strongly expressed in CP epithelial cells. Loss of Claudin-5b showed no effect on zebrafish vasculogenesis or BBB function. In contrast, the knockout of claudin-5a caused a lethal phenotype of severe whole-brain oedema, ventricular dilatation, and cerebral hernia in zebrafish larvae, although the cerebral vasculogenesis and the development of CP were not altered. In claudin-5a-/- , although ultrastructural analysis of CP and cerebral capillary showed intact integrity of epithelial and endothelial tight junctions, permeability assay indicated a disruption of both BBB and BCSFB functions. On the molecular level, it was found that ZO-1 was upregulated in the CP epithelium of claudin-5a-/-, while the notch and shh pathway responsible for CP development was not affected due to loss of Claudin-5a. Conclusions Our findings verified a non-functional role of zebrafish Claudin-5b in the BBB and identified Claudin-5a as the ortholog of mammalian Claudin-5, contributing to the development and the functional maintenance of both BBB and BCSFB. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12987-022-00337-9.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanyu Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University & Key Laboratory of Zebrafish Model for Development and Disease of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
| | - Chunchun Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University & Key Laboratory of Zebrafish Model for Development and Disease of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Bing Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University & Key Laboratory of Zebrafish Model for Development and Disease of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
| | - Yuqian Mo
- Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University & Key Laboratory of Zebrafish Model for Development and Disease of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China.,School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University & Key Laboratory of Zebrafish Model for Development and Disease of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China. .,The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, 524023, China.
| |
Collapse
|
162
|
Cao W, Xing H, Li Y, Tian W, Song Y, Jiang Z, Yu J. Claudin18.2 is a novel molecular biomarker for tumor-targeted immunotherapy. Biomark Res 2022; 10:38. [PMID: 35642043 PMCID: PMC9153115 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-022-00385-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The claudin18.2 (CLDN18.2) protein, an isoform of claudin18, a member of the tight junction protein family, is a highly selective biomarker with limited expression in normal tissues and often abnormal expression during the occurrence and development of various primary malignant tumors, such as gastric cancer/gastroesophageal junction (GC/GEJ) cancer, breast cancer, colon cancer, liver cancer, head and neck cancer, bronchial cancer and non-small-cell lung cancer. CLDN18.2 participates in the proliferation, differentiation and migration of tumor cells. Recent studies have identified CLDN18.2 expression as a potential specific marker for the diagnosis and treatment of these tumors. With its specific expression pattern, CLDN18.2 has become a unique molecule for targeted therapy in different cancers, especially in GC; for example, agents such as zolbetuximab (claudiximab, IMAB362), a monoclonal antibody (mAb) against CLDN18.2, have been developed. In this review, we outline recent advances in the development of immunotherapy strategies targeting CLDN18.2, including monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), bispecific antibodies (BsAbs), chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells redirected to target CLDN18.2, and antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Cao
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Haizhou Xing
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Yingmei Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Wenliang Tian
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Yongping Song
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
| | - Zhongxing Jiang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
| | - Jifeng Yu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
163
|
Myer NM, Shitara K, Chung HC, Lordick F, Kelly RJ, Szabo Z, Cao ZA, Leong S, Ilson DH, Weichert W. Evolution of predictive and prognostic biomarkers in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022; 148:2023-2043. [PMID: 35551464 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03902-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite new therapeutic options, advanced gastric cancer remains associated with a poor prognosis compared with other cancers. Recent gains in the treatment of gastric cancer were accompanied by the identification of novel biomarkers associated with various cellular pathways and corresponding diagnostic technologies. It is expected that the standardization of clinical workflow and technological refinements in biomarker assessment will support greater personalization and further improve treatment outcomes. In this article, we review the current state of prognostic and predictive biomarkers in gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Myer
- Merck & Co., Inc., 90 E. Scott Avenue, Rahway, NJ, 07065, USA.
| | - Kohei Shitara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hyun C Chung
- Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Florian Lordick
- Medical Department (Oncology, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Pulmonology, and Infectious Diseases), University Cancer Center Leipzig (UCCL), Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ronan J Kelly
- Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Zsolt Szabo
- Merck & Co., Inc., Ringstrasse 27 Kriens, LUZERN, 6010, Switzerland
| | - Z Alexander Cao
- Merck & Co., Inc., 90 E. Scott Avenue, Rahway, NJ, 07065, USA
| | - Stephen Leong
- Merck & Co., Inc., 351 N Sumneytown Pike, North Wales, PA, 19454, USA
| | - David H Ilson
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wilko Weichert
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
164
|
Feng J, Chang Y, Li L, Li M, Huang Z, Han N, Li W, Yang R, Qu P, Bi Y. Copranaerobaculum intestinale gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel anaerobic bacterium isolated from human faeces. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2022; 72. [DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel obligate anaerobic organism, designated DONG20-135T, was isolated from human faeces collected in Beijing, PR China. Cells were Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, non-motile and non-spore-forming. Growth occurred at 25‒45 °C (optimum, 30‒35 °C), a pH range of 6–9 (optimum, pH 8) and in the presence of 0‒3.5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0.5‒1.5 %). The major fatty acids were C16 : 0, C18 : 1
ω9c and C10 : 0, the polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, four glycolipids, six aminolipids, three aminophospholipids and four unidentified lipids. No respiratory quinones were detected. The cell-wall peptidoglycan of the strain was A1γ type, containing meso-diaminopimelic acid. The 16S rRNA gene sequences shared a lower identity (<92.7 % similarity) with the described species. The phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and the protein-concatamer tree showed that strain DONG20-135T formed a distinct lineage within the family
Erysipelotrichaceae
. The genomic DNA G + C content was 42.2 mol%. Based on the results of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genomic analyses, strain DONG20-135T represents a novel genus of the family
Erysipelotrichaceae
, for which the name Copranaerobaculum intestinale gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed (=KCTC 15868T=CGMCC 1.17357T).
Collapse
|
165
|
Li C, He W, Wang N, Xi Z, Deng R, Liu X, Kang R, Xie L, Liu X. Application of Microfluidics in Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:907232. [PMID: 35646880 PMCID: PMC9133555 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.907232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor metastasis is one of the main causes of cancer incidence and death worldwide. In the process of tumor metastasis, the isolation and analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) plays a crucial role in the early diagnosis and prognosis of cancer patients. Due to the rarity and inherent heterogeneity of CTCs, there is an urgent need for reliable CTCs separation and detection methods in order to obtain valuable information on tumor metastasis and progression from CTCs. Microfluidic technology is increasingly used in various studies of CTCs separation, identification and characterization because of its unique advantages, such as low cost, simple operation, less reagent consumption, miniaturization of the system, rapid detection and accurate control. This paper reviews the research progress of microfluidic technology in CTCs separation and detection in recent years, as well as the potential clinical application of CTCs, looks forward to the application prospect of microfluidic technology in the treatment of tumor metastasis, and briefly discusses the development prospect of microfluidic biosensor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Can Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Artificial Intelligence and Information Technology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Clinical Medical Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Artificial Intelligence and Information Technology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhipeng Xi
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Artificial Intelligence and Information Technology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Rongrong Deng
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Artificial Intelligence and Information Technology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiyu Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Artificial Intelligence and Information Technology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ran Kang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Artificial Intelligence and Information Technology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing Lishui Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Xie
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Artificial Intelligence and Information Technology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Artificial Intelligence and Information Technology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
166
|
Dong G, Sun R, Zhang R, Qin Y, Lu C, Wang X, Xia Y, Du G. Pre-implantation triclosan exposure alters uterine receptivity through affecting tight junction protein†. Biol Reprod 2022; 107:349-357. [PMID: 35554491 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioac092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS) is a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent and widely exists in environmental media and organisms. TCS exposure was reported to have adverse effects on reproduction including embryo implantation disorder. During the embryo implantation window, it is vital that the endometrium develops into a receptive state under the influence of ovarian hormones. However, the effect of TCS on embryo implantation and endometrial receptivity remains unclear. In current study, we found decreased embryo implantation rate, serum estrogen (E2) and progesterone (P4) levels in mice exposed to TCS from gestation day (GD) 0.5 to 5.5. Through RNA-seq, we identified nearly 800 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), which were enriched in pathways including uterus development, inflammatory response and immune system process. Among those enriched pathways, the tight junction pathway is essential for the establishment of receptive state of endometrium. Then, genes involved in tight junction pathway including Cldn7, Cldn10 and Crb3 were validated by RT-qPCR and the results were consistent with the RNA-seq. Through immunofluorescence staining and western blotting, we confirmed that the tight junction protein levels of CLDN7 and CRB3 were increased. All these findings suggest that pre-implantation TCS exposure reduces the rate of embryo implantation through up-regulating the expression of tight junction genes and affecting the receptivity of endometrium. Our data could be used to determine the sensitive time frame for TCS exposure and offer new strategy to prevent implantation failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangzhu Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.,Baijiahu Community Health Service Center, Moling Street, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211102, China
| | - Rundong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yufeng Qin
- Department of Microbes and Infection, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Chuncheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xinru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yankai Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Guizhen Du
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| |
Collapse
|
167
|
Chen G, Lian D, Zhao L, Wang Z, Wuyun Q, Zhang N. The long non-coding RNA T cell leukemia homeobox 1 neighbor enhances signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A phosphorylation to promote colon cancer cell invasion, migration, and metastasis. Bioengineered 2022; 13:11083-11095. [PMID: 35502613 PMCID: PMC9278427 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2068781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer is among the most prevalent gastrointestinal tumor types. The long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) T cell leukemia homeobox 1 neighbor (TLX1NB) is up-regulated in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the functional role of this lncRNA in colon cancer remains unknown. In our study, we investigated the clinical significance of TLX1NB in colon cancer through bioinformatics analysis and explored its role in migration, invasion and metastasis of colon cancer cell with a series of experiments. Firstly, TLX1NB was up-regulated in colon cancer tissues and increased TLX1NB expression was significantly associated with advanced N stages. In wound healing assays and transwell assays, TLX1NB overexpression promoted HCT116 cell migration and invasion while TLX1NB knockdown inhibited SW620 cell migration and invasion. In vivo, TLX1NB knockdown suppressed pulmonary metastasis of SW620 cell and vimentin expression but increased E-cadherin expression. Then, TLX1NB overexpression enhanced signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) phosphorylation and TLX1NB knockdown suppressed STAT5A phosphorylation. Moreover, the inhibition of STAT5A phosphorylation reversed TLX1NB overexpression-associated increase in HCT116 cell migratory and invasive activity. In conclusion, TLX1NB enhances STAT5A phosphorylation to promote colon cancer cell invasion, migration, and metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guanyang Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Dongbo Lian
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiqige Wuyun
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Nengwei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
168
|
Lei Z, Liu W, Nie Y, Yang Y, Chen G, Huang L, Wu H, Lei Y, Chen L, Hu Q, Rong H, Yu S, Song Q, Tong F, Guo J. EpCAM Is Essential to Maintaining the Immune Homeostasis of Intestines via Keeping the Expression of pIgR in the Intestinal Epithelium of Mice. Front Immunol 2022; 13:843378. [PMID: 35493520 PMCID: PMC9043958 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.843378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
EpCAM deficiency causes congenital tufting enteropathy (CTE) which is considered as one kinds of very early onset inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, functions of EpCAM on regulating the immunity of intestines are still unclear. To study the mechanism of EpCAM on maintaining the intestinal immune homeostasis, the intestines of WT and EpCAM-/- mice at E18.5, P0 and P3 stages were collected for morphological, histological and gene expression tests. Serious inflammation was detected in the small intestines of P3 EpCAM-/- mice. Compared to WT mice, genes related to inflammatory factors and immunity cells, including TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8rb, MIP2, MCP1, Ly6d and Ly6g, were all significantly upregulated and the expression of intestinal abundance matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) was also significantly increased in the intestines of EpCAM-/- mice at E18.5, P0 and P3 stages. Signals of p38, ERK1/2 and JNK were hyper-activated in the intestines of EpCAM-/- mice. The expression of pIgR was significantly decreased and the expression and activation of transcriptional factors which promote the expression of pIgR were also reduced in the intestines of EpCAM-/- mice compared to WT controls. In conclusion, EpCAM could maintain the immune homeostasis of intestines via keeping the expression of pIgR in the intestinal epithelium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zili Lei
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zili Lei, ; Jiao Guo,
| | - Wanwan Liu
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya Nie
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanhong Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guibin Chen
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Huang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huijuan Wu
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuting Lei
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Hu
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hedong Rong
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siping Yu
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Song
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengxue Tong
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zili Lei, ; Jiao Guo,
| |
Collapse
|
169
|
Aghapour M, Ubags ND, Bruder D, Hiemstra PS, Sidhaye V, Rezaee F, Heijink IH. Role of air pollutants in airway epithelial barrier dysfunction in asthma and COPD. Eur Respir Rev 2022; 31:31/163/210112. [PMID: 35321933 PMCID: PMC9128841 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0112-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure to environmental pollutants is a major contributor to the development and progression of obstructive airway diseases, including asthma and COPD. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the development of obstructive lung diseases upon exposure to inhaled pollutants will lead to novel insights into the pathogenesis, prevention and treatment of these diseases. The respiratory epithelial lining forms a robust physicochemical barrier protecting the body from inhaled toxic particles and pathogens. Inhalation of airborne particles and gases may impair airway epithelial barrier function and subsequently lead to exaggerated inflammatory responses and airway remodelling, which are key features of asthma and COPD. In addition, air pollutant-induced airway epithelial barrier dysfunction may increase susceptibility to respiratory infections, thereby increasing the risk of exacerbations and thus triggering further inflammation. In this review, we discuss the molecular and immunological mechanisms involved in physical barrier disruption induced by major airborne pollutants and outline their implications in the pathogenesis of asthma and COPD. We further discuss the link between these pollutants and changes in the lung microbiome as a potential factor for aggravating airway diseases. Understanding these mechanisms may lead to identification of novel targets for therapeutic intervention to restore airway epithelial integrity in asthma and COPD. Exposure to air pollution induces airway epithelial barrier dysfunction through several mechanisms including increased oxidative stress, exaggerated cytokine responses and impaired host defence, which contributes to development of asthma and COPD. https://bit.ly/3DHL1CA
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahyar Aghapour
- Infection Immunology Group, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Infection Control and Prevention, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Immune Regulation Group, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Niki D Ubags
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Service de Pneumologie, CHUV, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Dunja Bruder
- Infection Immunology Group, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Infection Control and Prevention, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Immune Regulation Group, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Pieter S Hiemstra
- Dept of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Venkataramana Sidhaye
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Fariba Rezaee
- Center for Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Children's, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Dept of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Irene H Heijink
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Depts of Pathology and Medical Biology and Pulmonology, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
170
|
Zhang LX, Yan H, Liu Y, Xu J, Song J, Yu DJ. Enhancing Characteristic Gene Selection and Tumor Classification by the Robust Laplacian Supervised Discriminative Sparse PCA. J Chem Inf Model 2022; 62:1794-1807. [PMID: 35353532 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.1c01403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Characteristic gene selection and tumor classification of gene expression data play major roles in genomic research. Due to the characteristics of a small sample size and high dimensionality of gene expression data, it is a common practice to perform dimensionality reduction prior to the use of machine learning-based methods to analyze the expression data. In this context, classical principal component analysis (PCA) and its improved versions have been widely used. Recently, methods based on supervised discriminative sparse PCA have been developed to improve the performance of data dimensionality reduction. However, such methods still have limitations: most of them have not taken into consideration the improvement of robustness to outliers and noise, label information, sparsity, as well as capturing intrinsic geometrical structures in one objective function. To address this drawback, in this study, we propose a novel PCA-based method, known as the robust Laplacian supervised discriminative sparse PCA, termed RLSDSPCA, which enforces the L2,1 norm on the error function and incorporates the graph Laplacian into supervised discriminative sparse PCA. To evaluate the efficacy of the proposed RLSDSPCA, we applied it to the problems of characteristic gene selection and tumor classification problems using gene expression data. The results demonstrate that the proposed RLSDSPCA method, when used in combination with other related methods, can effectively identify new pathogenic genes associated with diseases. In addition, RLSDSPCA has also achieved the best performance compared with the state-of-the-art methods on tumor classification in terms of major performance metrics. The codes and data sets used in the study are freely available at http://csbio.njust.edu.cn/bioinf/rlsdspca/.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Xing Zhang
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - He Yan
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Jian Xu
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Jiangning Song
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia.,Monash Centre for Data Science, Faculty of Information Technology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Dong-Jun Yu
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei, Nanjing 210094, China
| |
Collapse
|
171
|
Barták BK, Fodor T, Kalmár A, Nagy ZB, Zsigrai S, Szigeti KA, Valcz G, Igaz P, Dank M, Takács I, Molnár B. A Liquid Biopsy-Based Approach for Monitoring Treatment Response in Post-Operative Colorectal Cancer Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23. [PMID: 35409133 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Monitoring the therapeutic response of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients is crucial to determine treatment strategies; therefore, we constructed a liquid biopsy-based approach for tracking tumor dynamics in non-metastatic (nmCRC) and metastatic (mCRC) patients (n = 55). Serial blood collections were performed during chemotherapy for measuring the amount and the global methylation pattern of cell-free DNA (cfDNA), the promoter methylation of SFRP2 and SDC2 genes, and the plasma homocysteine level. The average cfDNA amount was higher (p < 0.05) in nmCRC patients with recurrent cancer (30.4 ± 17.6 ng) and mCRC patients with progressive disease (PD) (44.3 ± 34.5 ng) compared to individuals with remission (13.2 ± 10.0 ng) or stable disease (12.5 ± 3.4 ng). More than 10% elevation of cfDNA from first to last sample collection was detected in all recurrent cases and 92% of PD patients, while a decrease was observed in most patients with remission. Global methylation level changes indicated a decline (75.5 ± 3.4% vs. 68.2 ± 8.4%), while the promoter methylation of SFRP2 and SDC2 and homocysteine level (10.9 ± 3.4 µmol/L vs. 13.7 ± 4.3 µmol/L) presented an increase in PD patients. In contrast, we found exact opposite changes in remission cases. Our study offers a more precise blood-based approach to monitor the treatment response to different chemotherapies than the currently used markers.
Collapse
|
172
|
Sun J, Zhang Y. Vitamin D Receptor Influences Intestinal Barriers in Health and Disease. Cells 2022; 11:1129. [PMID: 35406694 PMCID: PMC8997406 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D receptor (VDR) executes most of the biological functions of vitamin D. Beyond this, VDR is a transcriptional factor regulating the expression levels of many target genes, such as genes for tight junction proteins claudin-2, -5, -12, and -15. In this review, we discuss the progress of research on VDR that influences intestinal barriers in health and disease. We searched PubMed and Google Scholar using key words vitamin D, VDR, tight junctions, cancer, inflammation, and infection. We summarize the literature and progress reports on VDR regulation of tight junction distribution, cellular functions, and mechanisms (directly or indirectly). We review the impacts of VDR on barriers in various diseases, e.g., colon cancer, infection, inflammatory bowel disease, and chronic inflammatory lung diseases. We also discuss the limits of current studies and future directions. Deeper understanding of the mechanisms by which the VDR signaling regulates intestinal barrier functions allow us to develop efficient and effective therapeutic strategies based on levels of tight junction proteins and vitamin D/VDR statuses for human diseases.
Collapse
|
173
|
Zhou H, Zhu L, Song J, Wang G, Li P, Li W, Luo P, Sun X, Wu J, Liu Y, Zhu S, Zhang Y. Liquid biopsy at the frontier of detection, prognosis and progression monitoring in colorectal cancer. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:86. [PMID: 35337361 PMCID: PMC8951719 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01556-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide and a leading cause of carcinogenic death. To date, surgical resection is regarded as the gold standard by the operator for clinical decisions. Because conventional tissue biopsy is invasive and only a small sample can sometimes be obtained, it is unable to represent the heterogeneity of tumor or dynamically monitor tumor progression. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find a new minimally invasive or noninvasive diagnostic strategy to detect CRC at an early stage and monitor CRC recurrence. Over the past years, a new diagnostic concept called “liquid biopsy” has gained much attention. Liquid biopsy is noninvasive, allowing repeated analysis and real-time monitoring of tumor recurrence, metastasis or therapeutic responses. With the advanced development of new molecular techniques in CRC, circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), exosomes, and tumor-educated platelet (TEP) detection have achieved interesting and inspiring results as the most prominent liquid biopsy markers. In this review, we focused on some clinical applications of CTCs, ctDNA, exosomes and TEPs and discuss promising future applications to solve unmet clinical needs in CRC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.,Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, China
| | - Liyong Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Jun Song
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, China
| | - Guohui Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Pengzhou Li
- Department of General Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Weizheng Li
- Department of General Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Ping Luo
- Department of General Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Xulong Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Jin Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, China
| | - Yunze Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, China
| | - Shaihong Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
174
|
Maeda Y, Minagawa N, Shoji H, Kobayashi T, Yamamoto K. Giant ovarian tumor with colorectal cancer: suggestion concerning the need for colonoscopy screening in cases with large ovarian tumor-a report of three cases. BMC Surg 2022; 22:111. [PMID: 35321695 PMCID: PMC8943954 DOI: 10.1186/s12893-022-01565-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with giant ovarian tumor often have severe symptoms, such as abdominal distention, and the tumor tends to grow rapidly; therefore, sufficient preoperative assessments are difficult to perform. It is not always easy to differentiate between primary and metastatic ovarian cancer, especially when the ovarian tumor is huge, since a precise diagnosis of ovarian tumor depends on the histopathological findings of the excised specimen. Although metastatic ovarian tumors account for over 20% of all malignant ovarian tumors, preoperative colonoscopy is not considered a routine examination before surgery for giant ovarian tumor. Case presentation We herein report 3 cases of giant (> 25 cm) ovarian tumor with colorectal cancer. All three patients visited the clinic with progressing abdominal distention, and were referred with primary ovarian malignancy. Case 1: Rectal tumor was suspected by a digital examination at the outpatient clinic, and rectal cancer was diagnosed preoperatively by colonoscopy. Computed tomography revealed a single-nodule liver tumor. Ovariectomy, rectal resection, and partial hepatectomy were performed. A histological examination revealed both primary mucinous ovarian carcinoma and rectal carcinoma with liver metastasis. Case 2: Initially, the ovarian tumor was diagnosed as primary carcinoma based on the histological findings of an incision biopsy at the previous hospital. Chemotherapy for ovarian cancer was administered without remission, and subsequently, the patient was referred to our hospital. Since the CEA level was high (142 ng/ml), colonoscopy was performed and cecal cancer was diagnosed. Ovariectomy and right colectomy were performed, and the ovarian tumor was histologically diagnosed as metastatic adenocarcinoma. Case 3: Initial ovariectomy was performed, and rectal cancer was suspected at intra-operative surveillance. Colonoscopy was performed after surgery, and rectal cancer was diagnosed. The ovarian tumor was diagnosed as metastatic adenocarcinoma. After six cycles of FOLFOX, rectal resection was performed. Conclusion Regrettably, two of three cases in the current series were not diagnosed with colorectal cancer at the start of treatment. This experience suggests that screening colonoscopy should be considered before treatment for every case of giant ovarian tumor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Maeda
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hokkaido Cancer Center, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Nozomi Minagawa
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hokkaido Cancer Center, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Shoji
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hokkaido Cancer Center, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tadayuki Kobayashi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hokkaido Cancer Center, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Yamamoto
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hokkaido Cancer Center, Sapporo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
175
|
Jo CH, Kim S, Kim GH. Claudins in kidney health and disease. Kidney Res Clin Pract 2022; 41:275-287. [PMID: 35354245 PMCID: PMC9184838 DOI: 10.23876/j.krcp.21.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Claudins are strategically located to exert their physiologic actions along with the nephron segments from the glomerulus. Claudin-1 is normally located in the Bowman’s capsule, but its overexpression can reach the podocytes and lead to albuminuria. In the proximal tubule (PT), claudin-2 forms paracellular channels selective for water, Na+, K+, and Ca2+. Claudin-2 gene mutations are associated with hypercalciuria and kidney stones. Claudin-10 has two splice variants, -10a and -10b; Claudin-10a acts as an anion-selective channel in the PT, and claudin-10b functions as a cation-selective pore in the thick ascending limb (TAL). Claudin-16 and claudin-19 mediate paracellular transport of Na+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ in the TAL, where the expression of claudin-3/16/19 and claudin-10b are mutually exclusive. The claudin-16 or -19 mutation causes familial hypomagnesemia with hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis. Claudin-14 polymorphisms have been linked to increased risk of hypercalciuria. Claudin-10b mutations produce HELIX syndrome, which encompasses hypohidrosis, electrolyte imbalance, lacrimal gland dysfunction, ichthyosis, and xerostomia. Hypercalciuria and magnesuria in metabolic acidosis are related to downregulation of PT and TAL claudins. In the TAL, stimulation of calcium-sensing receptors upregulates claudin-14 and negatively acts on the claudin-16/19 complex. Claudin-3 acts as a general barrier to ions in the collecting duct. If this barrier is disturbed, urine acidification might be impaired. Claudin-7 forms a nonselective paracellular channel facilitating Cl– and Na+ reabsorption in the collecting ducts. Claudin-4 and -8 serve as anion channels and mediate paracellular Cl– transport; their upregulation may contribute to pseudohypoaldosteronism II and salt-sensitive hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chor ho Jo
- Hanyang Biomedical Research Institute, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sua Kim
- Hanyang Biomedical Research Institute, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gheun-Ho Kim
- Hanyang Biomedical Research Institute, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: Gheun-Ho Kim Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, 222-1 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
176
|
Wani AK, Hashem NM, Akhtar N, Singh R, Madkour M, Prakash A. Understanding microbial networks of farm animals through genomics, metagenomics and other meta-omic approaches for livestock wellness and sustainability. Annals of Animal Science 2022; 0. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2022-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The association of microorganisms with livestock as endosymbionts, opportunists, and pathogens has been a matter of debate for a long time. Several livestock-associated bacterial and other microbial species have been identified and characterized through traditional culture-dependent genomic approaches. However, it is imperative to understand the comprehensive microbial network of domestic animals for their wellness, disease management, and disease transmission control. Since it is strenuous to provide a niche replica to any microorganisms while culturing them, thus a substantial number of microbial communities remain obscure. Metagenomics has laid out a powerful lens for gaining insight into the hidden microbial diversity by allowing the direct sequencing of the DNA isolated from any livestock sample like the gastrointestinal tract, udder, or genital system. Through metatranscriptomics and metabolomics, understanding gene expression profiles of the microorganisms and their molecular phenotype has become unchallenging. With large data sets emerging out of the genomic, metagenomic, and other meta-omics methods, several computational tools have also been developed for curation, assembly, gene prediction, and taxonomic profiling of the microorganisms. This review provides a detailed account of the beneficial and pathogenic organisms that dwell within or on farm animals. Besides, it highlights the role of meta-omics and computational tools in a comprehensive analysis of livestock-associated microorganisms.
Collapse
|
177
|
Ginghina O, Hudita A, Zamfir M, Spanu A, Mardare M, Bondoc I, Buburuzan L, Georgescu SE, Costache M, Negrei C, Nitipir C, Galateanu B. Liquid Biopsy and Artificial Intelligence as Tools to Detect Signatures of Colorectal Malignancies: A Modern Approach in Patient's Stratification. Front Oncol 2022; 12:856575. [PMID: 35356214 PMCID: PMC8959149 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.856575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most frequently diagnosed type of cancer and a major worldwide public health concern. Despite the global efforts in the development of modern therapeutic strategies, CRC prognosis is strongly correlated with the stage of the disease at diagnosis. Early detection of CRC has a huge impact in decreasing mortality while pre-lesion detection significantly reduces the incidence of the pathology. Even though the management of CRC patients is based on robust diagnostic methods such as serum tumor markers analysis, colonoscopy, histopathological analysis of tumor tissue, and imaging methods (computer tomography or magnetic resonance), these strategies still have many limitations and do not fully satisfy clinical needs due to their lack of sensitivity and/or specificity. Therefore, improvements of the current practice would substantially impact the management of CRC patients. In this view, liquid biopsy is a promising approach that could help clinicians screen for disease, stratify patients to the best treatment, and monitor treatment response and resistance mechanisms in the tumor in a regular and minimally invasive manner. Liquid biopsies allow the detection and analysis of different tumor-derived circulating markers such as cell-free nucleic acids (cfNA), circulating tumor cells (CTCs), and extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the bloodstream. The major advantage of this approach is its ability to trace and monitor the molecular profile of the patient's tumor and to predict personalized treatment in real-time. On the other hand, the prospective use of artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine holds great promise in oncology, for the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis prediction of disease. AI has two main branches in the medical field: (i) a virtual branch that includes medical imaging, clinical assisted diagnosis, and treatment, as well as drug research, and (ii) a physical branch that includes surgical robots. This review summarizes findings relevant to liquid biopsy and AI in CRC for better management and stratification of CRC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Octav Ginghina
- Department II, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila” Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Surgery, “Sf. Ioan” Clinical Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ariana Hudita
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marius Zamfir
- Department of Surgery, “Sf. Ioan” Clinical Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andrada Spanu
- Department of Surgery, “Sf. Ioan” Clinical Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mara Mardare
- Department of Surgery, “Sf. Ioan” Clinical Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Irina Bondoc
- Department of Surgery, “Sf. Ioan” Clinical Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Sergiu Emil Georgescu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marieta Costache
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carolina Negrei
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila” Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cornelia Nitipir
- Department II, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila” Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Oncology, Elias University Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Bianca Galateanu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
178
|
Abstract
As a major reason for tumor metastasis, circulating tumor cell (CTC) is one of the critical biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. On the one hand, CTC count is closely related to the prognosis of tumor patients; on the other hand, as a simple blood test with the advantages of safety, low cost and repeatability, CTC test has an important reference value in determining clinical results and studying the mechanism of drug resistance. However, the determination of CTC usually requires a big effort from pathologist and is also error-prone due to inexperience and fatigue. In this study, we developed a novel convolutional neural network (CNN) method to automatically detect CTCs in patients’ peripheral blood based on immunofluorescence in situ hybridization (imFISH) images. We collected the peripheral blood of 776 patients from Chifeng Municipal Hospital in China, and then used Cyttel to delete leukocytes and enrich CTCs. CTCs were identified by imFISH with CD45+, DAPI+ immunofluorescence staining and chromosome 8 centromeric probe (CEP8+). The sensitivity and specificity based on traditional CNN prediction were 95.3% and 91.7% respectively, and the sensitivity and specificity based on transfer learning were 97.2% and 94.0% respectively. The traditional CNN model and transfer learning method introduced in this paper can detect CTCs with high sensitivity, which has a certain clinical reference value for judging prognosis and diagnosing metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Guo
- Department of Oncology, Chifeng Municipal Hospital, Chifeng, China
| | - Xiaoxi Lin
- Department of Oncology, Chifeng Municipal Hospital, Chifeng, China
| | - Yan Hui
- Department of Oncology, Chifeng Municipal Hospital, Chifeng, China
| | - Jingchun Wang
- Department of Oncology, Chifeng Municipal Hospital, Chifeng, China
| | - Qiuli Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Chifeng Municipal Hospital, Chifeng, China
| | - Fanlong Kong
- Department of Oncology, Chifeng Municipal Hospital, Chifeng, China
| |
Collapse
|
179
|
Martín-Hernández D, Gutiérrez IL, González-Prieto M, MacDowell KS, Robledo-Montaña J, Tendilla-Beltrán H, Calleja-Rodríguez N, Bris ÁG, Ulecia-Morón C, Moreno B, Caso JR, García-Bueno B, Rodrigues-Mascarenhas S, Marín-Jiménez I, Leza JC, Menchén L. Sphk2 deletion is involved in structural abnormalities and Th17 response but does not aggravate colon inflammation induced by sub-chronic stress. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4073. [PMID: 35260749 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08011-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The chronic inflammatory process that characterizes inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) is mainly driven by T-cell response to microbial and environmental antigens. Psychological stress is a potential trigger of clinical flares of IBD, and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is involved in T-cell recruitment. Hence, stress impact and the absence of sphingosine kinase 2 (Sphk2), an enzyme of S1P metabolism, were evaluated in the colon of mice after sub-chronic stress exposure. Here, we show that sub-chronic stress increased S1P in the mouse colon, possibly due to a decrease in its degradation enzymes and Sphk2. S1P accumulation could lead to inflammation and immune dysregulation reflected by upregulation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway, inhibition of anti-inflammatory mechanisms, cytokine-expression profile towards a T-helper lymphocyte 17 (Th17) polarization, plasmacytosis, decrease in IgA+ lymphoid lineage cells (CD45+)/B cells/plasmablasts, and increase in IgM+ B cells. Stress also enhanced intestinal permeability. Sphk2 knockout mice presented a cytokine-expression profile towards a boosted Th17 response, lower expression of claudin 3,4,7,8, and structural abnormalities in the colon. Intestinal pathophysiology should consider stress and S1P as modulators of the immune response. S1P-based drugs, including Sphk2 potentiation, represent a promising approach to treat IBD.
Collapse
|
180
|
Chen H, Zhu D, Guo L, Li G. Effective Combination of Isoniazid and Core-Shell Magnetic Nanoradiotherapy Against Gastrointestinal Tumor Cell Types. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:1005-1014. [PMID: 35299864 PMCID: PMC8922330 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s342008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Radiotherapy is a conventional treatment for gastrointestinal tumors. However, its therapeutic effect might not be satisfactory because of factors such as radio-resistance of tumor cells and dose reduction applied to avoid damage to normal tissues. We developed a novel combination therapy involving the use of isoniazid (INH) and core-shell magnetic nanospheres (NPs) to enhance the efficacy of radiotherapy. Methods Magnetic core-shell NPs were synthesized. The shell manganese dioxide (MnO2) reacted with intracellular glutathione to produce Mn2+, which decomposed hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to hydroxyl radicals (·OH) in the presence of INH to produce sufficient amount of reactive oxygen species. In addition to this chemodynamic therapy, MnO2 catalyzed H2O2 to O2, which alleviated hypoxia in tumors and thus enhanced the effect of radiotherapy. In addition, iron oxide (Fe3O4) and reduced Mn2+ were potential candidates for T1–T2 dual-mode magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with remarkable magnetic targeting ability. Results NPs exhibited efficient tumor targeting performance under the magnetic field and improved T1/T2 dual-mode MRI, which elevated oxygen levels without toxicity to the mice to achieve remarkable therapeutic outcomes, reaching a tumor inhibition rate of 93.2%. Moreover, chemodynamic therapy mediated by INH and NPs enhanced the therapeutic effect of radiotherapy both in vivo and in vitro. Conclusion The results demonstrated that the combination of INH and NPs could be a novel strategy for radiosensitization with clinical potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Department of General Surgery & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Nanfang Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, People’s Republic of China
| | - Daoming Zhu
- Department of General Surgery & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Nanfang Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang Guo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoxin Li
- Department of General Surgery & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Nanfang Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Guoxin Li; Liang Guo, Email ;
| |
Collapse
|
181
|
Yang F, Liu X, He J, Xian S, Yang P, Mai Z, Li M, Liu Y, Zhang X. Occludin facilitates tumour angiogenesis in bladder cancer by regulating IL8/STAT3 through STAT4. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:2363-2376. [PMID: 35224833 PMCID: PMC8995457 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BLCA) is a common genitourinary cancer in patients, and tumour angiogenesis is indispensable for its occurrence and development. However, the indepth mechanism of tumour angiogenesis in BLCA remains elusive. According to recent studies, the tight junction protein family member occludin (OCLN) is expressed at high levels in BLCA tissues and correlates with a poor prognosis. Downregulation of OCLN inhibits tumour angiogenesis in BLCA cells and murine xenografts, whereas OCLN overexpression exerts the opposite effect. Mechanistically, the RT‐qPCR analysis and Western blotting results showed that OCLN increased interleukin‐8 (IL8) and p‐signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) levels to promote BLCA angiogenesis. RNA sequencing analysis and dual‐luciferase reporter assays indicated that OCLN regulated IL8 transcriptional activity via the transcription factor STAT4. In summary, our results provide new perspectives on OCLN, as this protein participates in the development of BLCA angiogenesis by activating the IL8/STAT3 pathway via STAT4 and may serve as a novel and unique therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Department of Pathology The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen University Zhuhai China
| | - Xue‐Qi Liu
- Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat‐Sen University Sun Yat‐Sen University Shenzhen China
| | - Jian‐Zhong He
- Department of Pathology The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen University Zhuhai China
| | - Shi‐Ping Xian
- Department of Pathology The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen University Zhuhai China
| | - Peng‐Fei Yang
- Department of Pathology The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen University Zhuhai China
| | - Zhi‐Ying Mai
- Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat‐Sen University Sun Yat‐Sen University Shenzhen China
| | - Miao Li
- Department of Hematology The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital Shenzhen China
| | - Ye Liu
- Department of Pathology The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen University Zhuhai China
| | - Xing‐Ding Zhang
- Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat‐Sen University Sun Yat‐Sen University Shenzhen China
| |
Collapse
|
182
|
Laudisi F, Stolfi C, Bevivino G, Maresca C, Franzè E, Troncone E, Lolli E, Marafini I, Pietrucci D, Teofani A, Di Grazia A, Di Fusco D, Colantoni A, Ortenzi A, Desideri A, Monteleone I, Monteleone G. GATA6 Deficiency Leads to Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction and Enhances Susceptibility to Gut Inflammation. J Crohns Colitis 2022; 16:301-311. [PMID: 34374415 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Intestinal barrier dysfunction is a hallmark of inflammatory bowel diseases [IBD], but the mechanisms that lead to such a defect are not fully understood. This study was aimed at characterising the factors involved in the defective barrier function in IBD. METHODS Transcriptome analysis was performed on colon samples taken from healthy controls [CTR] and IBD patients. Expression of GATA-binding factor 6 [GATA6], a transcription factor involved in intestinal epithelial cell differentiation, was evaluated in colon samples taken from CTR and IBD patients by real-time polymerase chain reaction [PCR] and immunohistochemistry. Intestinal sections of wild-type and Gata6del mice, which exhibit a conditional Gata6 deletion in intestinal epithelial cells and which are either left untreated or receive subcutaneous indomethacin or rectal trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid, were stained with haematoxylin and eosin. In parallel, some Gata6del mice received antibiotics to deplete intestinal flora. Mucosal inflammatory cell infiltration and cytokine production were evaluated by flow cytometry and real-time PCR, respectively, and tight junction proteins were examined by immunofluorescence. Intestinal barrier integrity was assessed by fluorescein isothiocyanate [FITC]-dextran assay. RESULTS Multiple genes involved in cell commitment/proliferation and wound healing were differentially expressed in IBD compared with CTR. Among these, GATA6 was significantly decreased in the IBD epithelium compared with CTR. In mice, conditional deletion of GATA6 in the intestinal epithelium induced primarily epithelial damage, diminished zonula occludens-1 expression, and enhanced intestinal permeability, ultimately resulting in bacteria-driven local immune response and enhanced susceptibility to gut inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Reduced expression of GATA6 promotes intestinal barrier dysfunction, thus amplifying intestinal inflammatory pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Laudisi
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmine Stolfi
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Division of Clinical Biochemistry and Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Gerolamo Bevivino
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Maresca
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Franzè
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Edoardo Troncone
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Lolli
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Irene Marafini
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Pietrucci
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems, DIBAF, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Adelaide Teofani
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Grazia
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Di Fusco
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Alfredo Colantoni
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Ortenzi
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Ivan Monteleone
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
183
|
Cloft SE, Kinstler SR, Reno KE, Sellers HS, Franca M, Ecco R, Lee MD, Maurer JJ, Wong EA. Runting Stunting Syndrome in Broiler Chickens Is Associated with Altered Intestinal Stem Cell Morphology and Gene Expression. Avian Dis 2022; 66:85-94. [DOI: 10.1637/21-00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara E. Cloft
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Sydney R. Kinstler
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Kaitlyn E. Reno
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Holly S. Sellers
- Department of Population Health, Poultry Diagnostic Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30601
| | - Monique Franca
- Department of Population Health, Poultry Diagnostic Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30601
| | - Roselene Ecco
- Department of Clinic and Surgery, Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30123-970, Brazil
| | - Margie D. Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - John J. Maurer
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Eric A. Wong
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| |
Collapse
|
184
|
Hallermayr A, Steinke-Lange V, Vogelsang H, Rentsch M, de Wit M, Haberl C, Holinski-Feder E, Pickl JMA. Clinical Validity of Circulating Tumor DNA as Prognostic and Predictive Marker for Personalized Colorectal Cancer Patient Management. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:851. [PMID: 35159118 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary CtDNA analysis is a promising tool in liquid biopsy for the detection of tumor recurrence and progression, and is increasingly adopted into clinical practice. Still, guidelines for the accurate clinical interpretation of ctDNA analysis results are largely lacking, especially for tumor mutant variants detected at very low frequencies. Here, we show that cutoff determination for the detection and quantification of low-frequency mutant variants enables the accurate prediction of residual disease, tumor recurrence and progression, even before clinical evidence. CtDNA analysis using these cutoffs outperformed cfDNA and CEA level measurements. With these findings, we highlight the need to thoroughly validate each liquid biopsy assay and define the assay-specific limit of blanks (LOB) and limit of quantifications (LOQ) of BRAF p.V600E and KRAS p.G12/p.G13 assays for clinical interpretation. Our approach enables accurate clinical interpretation to support clinical decision making. Abstract Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is a promising liquid biopsy (LB) marker to support clinical decisions in precision medicine. For implementation into routine clinical practice, clinicians need precise ctDNA level cutoffs for reporting residual disease and monitoring tumor burden changes during therapy. We clinically validated the limit of blank (LOB) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) of assays for the clinically most relevant somatic variants BRAF p.V600E and KRAS p.G12/p.G13 in colorectal cancer (CRC) in a study cohort encompassing a total of 212 plasma samples. We prove that residual disease detection using the LOB as a clinically verified cutoff for ctDNA positivity is in concordance with clinical evidence of metastasis or recurrence. We further show that tumor burden changes during chemotherapy and the course of disease are correctly predicted using the LOQ as a cutoff for quantitative ctDNA changes. The high potential of LB using ctDNA for accurately predicting the course of disease was proven by direct comparison to the routinely used carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) as well as the circulating free DNA (cfDNA) concentration. Our results show that LB using validated ctDNA assays outperforms CEA and cfDNA for residual disease detection and the prediction of tumor burden changes.
Collapse
|
185
|
Hirahata T, ul Quraish R, Quraish AU, ul Quraish S, Naz M, Razzaq MA. Liquid Biopsy: A Distinctive Approach to the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Cancer. Cancer Inform 2022; 21:11769351221076062. [PMID: 35153470 PMCID: PMC8832574 DOI: 10.1177/11769351221076062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Over the past decades, the concept of precision cancer medicine has emerged as a novel approach in the field of oncology that aims to tailor the most effective treatment options to each individual cancer patient based on the genetic profile of the tumor of each individual patient. Recently, tissue biopsy has become an essential part of cancer care and is widely used to characterize the tumor. However, tissue biopsy techniques face different challenges due to their invasiveness, cost, time, and adversity in potential sampling due to tissue heterogeneity. To overcome these issues, a non-invasive approach has developed, which is known as liquid biopsy. It is a simple, fast, and worthwhile technique based on the analysis of circulating tumor DNA (which is a fraction of cfDNA), circulating tumor cells (CTCs), and other tumor-derived material in blood plasma. This review provides an overview of the concept of liquid biopsy and briefly discusses the role of ctDNA and CTC analysis as tools for early diagnosis and prognosis of cancer. In this review, we also speculate on the advantages of liquid biopsy as opposed to tissue biopsy and postulate that liquid biopsy may be a comprehensive approach to overcome the current limitations associated with costly, invasive, and time-consuming tissue biopsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Munazzah Naz
- Hirahata Gene Therapy Laboratory, HIC Clinic, Tokyo, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
186
|
Hamasaki S, Fukunaga Y, Nagayama S, Fujimoto Y, Akiyoshi T, Nagasaki T, Ueno M. Decision-making in postoperative chemotherapy for ovarian metastasis from colorectal cancer: a retrospective single-center study. World J Surg Oncol 2022; 20:28. [PMID: 35105353 PMCID: PMC8805307 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-022-02498-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian metastases from colorectal cancer are relatively uncommon, and no consensus has been reached regarding resection of metastases or chemotherapy before and after surgery. We evaluated the clinicopathological characteristics of ovarian metastases from colorectal cancer and the impact of metastatic resection. We also performed a comparative analysis to clarify the prognostic impact of metastatic resection and the choice of chemotherapy before and after surgery. METHODS Between 2006 and 2014, 38 patients at our institution underwent resection of ovarian metastases from colorectal cancer. Clinicopathological data were extracted from the patients' records and evaluated with respect to the long-term outcome. For 15 patients with metachronous ovarian metastases who received chemotherapy until immediately before resection, we compared the prognosis with and without changes in the regimen after resection. RESULTS The 5-year overall survival rate was 19.9%, and the median survival duration was 27.2 months. The survival rate in the R0 resection group (n = 8) was significantly better than that in the R1/2 resection group (n = 30) (P = 0.0004). Patients without peritoneal dissemination (n = 15) or extra-ovarian metastases (n = 31) had a significantly better prognosis than those with peritoneal dissemination (n = 23) or extra-ovarian metastases (n = 7) (P = 0.040 and P = 0.0005, respectively). The progression-free survival and median survival times of patients who resumed chemotherapy after resection without a change in their preoperative regimen were 10.2 months and 26.2 months, respectively, while those among patients with a change in their regimen before resection versus after resection were 11.0 months and 18.1 months, respectively. The difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (progression-free survival time and median survival time: P = 0.52 and P = 0.48, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Patients who underwent R0 resection of ovarian metastases clearly had a better prognosis than those who underwent R1/2 resection. Additionally, a poor prognosis was associated with the presence of peritoneal dissemination and extra-ovarian metastases. The data also suggested that resumption of chemotherapy without changing the regimen after resection could preserve the next line of chemotherapy for future treatment and improve the prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Hamasaki
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital, 3-10-6 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - Yosuke Fukunaga
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital, 3-10-6 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Nagayama
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital, 3-10-6 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Fujimoto
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital, 3-10-6 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - Takashi Akiyoshi
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital, 3-10-6 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - Toshiya Nagasaki
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital, 3-10-6 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - Masashi Ueno
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital, 3-10-6 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
187
|
Moosavy SH, Koochakkhani S, Barazesh M, Mohammadi S, Ahmadi K, Inchehsablagh BR, Kavousipour S, Eftekhar E, Mokaram P. In silico Analysis of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Associated with MicroRNA
Regulating 5-fluorouracil Resistance in Colorectal Cancer. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180818666210930161618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Due to the broad influence and reversible nature of microRNA (miRNA) on the
expression and regulation of target genes, researchers suggest that miRNAs and single nucleotide polymorphisms
(SNPs) in miRNA genes interfere with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) drug resistance in colorectal
cancer chemotherapy.
Methods:
Computational assessment and cataloging of miRNA gene polymorphisms that target mRNA
transcripts directly or indirectly through regulation of 5-FU chemoresistance in CRC were screened out
by applying various universally accessible datasets such as miRNA SNP3.0 software.
Results:
1255 SNPs in 85 miRNAs affecting 5-FU resistance (retrieved from literature) were detected.
Computational analysis showed that 167 from 1255 SNPs alter microRNA expression levels leading to
inadequate response to 5-FU resistance in CRC. Among these 167 SNPs, 39 were located in the seed
region of 25/85 miRNA and were more critical than other SNPs. Has-miR-320a-5p with 4 SNP in seed
region was miRNA with the most number of SNPs. On the other hand, it has been identified that proteoglycan
in cancer, adherents junction, ECM-receptor interaction, Hippo signaling pathway, TGF-beta signaling
cascade, biosynthesis of fatty acid, and fatty acid metabolism were the most important pathways
targeted by these 85 predicted miRNAs.
Conclusion:
Our data suggest 39 SNPs in the seed region of 25 miRNAs as catalog in miRNA genes that
control the 5-FU resistance in CRC. These data also identify the most important pathways regulated by
miRNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Hamid Moosavy
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Science, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Shabnaz Koochakkhani
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar
Abbas 7919915519, Iran
| | - Mahdi Barazesh
- School of Paramedical Sciences, Gerash University of Medical Sciences, Gerash, Iran
| | - Shiva Mohammadi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad,
Iran
| | - Khadijeh Ahmadi
- Infection and Tropical Disease Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical
Science, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Behnaz Rahnama Inchehsablagh
- Department of Physiology and Student Research Committee, Hormozgan University of
Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Soudabeh Kavousipour
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar
Abbas 7919915519, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Eftekhar
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar
Abbas 7919915519, Iran
| | - Pooneh Mokaram
- Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
188
|
Yan S, Guo W, Liu Y, Li K, Wang W. The role of folate receptor-positive circulating tumor cell analysis in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer: a retrospective cohort study. Int J Clin Oncol 2022; 27:538-544. [PMID: 35043284 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-021-02097-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the application value of folate receptor-positive circulating tumor cell analysis (FR+-CTC analysis) in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS Clinical data of CRC patients and healthy subjects admitted to our hospital from January 2019 to October 2019 were retrospectively collected. CTC result and serological and pathological outcomes of the study patients were collected and analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve) was drawn. RESULTS The CTC levels of cancer patients (9.34 ± 3.53 FU/3 ml) were significantly higher than those of healthy subjects (7.00 ± 2.33 FU/3 ml). CTC levels could be related to cancer stage and metastasis in patients. ROC curves were drawn and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.702. The cutoff value was determined to be 8.87 FU/3 ml. At this cutoff value, the sensitivity and specificity of FR+-CTC analysis in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer were 61.8% and 82.6%, respectively. The diagnostic efficiency of FR+-CTCs in advanced CRC was significantly higher than that in the early stage. And the cutoff value of early and advanced stage CRC was determined to be 9.66 FU/3 ml. CONCLUSION FR+-CTC analysis has high potential in recurrence diagnosis and decision of adjuvant chemotherapy for CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Wenyi Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yanliang Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Weixing Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
| |
Collapse
|
189
|
Ding Y, Wang K, Xu C, Hao M, Li H, Ding L. Intestinal Claudin-7 deficiency impacts the intestinal microbiota in mice with colitis. BMC Gastroenterol 2022; 22:24. [PMID: 35039003 PMCID: PMC8762895 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-022-02100-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Intestinal epithelial cells form a physical barrier that protects the intestine against the intestinal microbiota through tight junctions (TJs) and adhesive junctions, while barrier disruption may lead to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Claudin-7 (Cldn7) has been implicated in this protection as an important member of TJs. Here, we experimentally study the effect of Cldn7 deletion on intestinal microbiota in colitis. Methods Colitis model was established based on inducible intestinal conditional Cldn7 gene knockout mice (Cldn7fl/fl; villin-CreERT2), by feeding with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). AB-PAS staining and immunohistochemical staining of Muc2 mucin were used to detect the effect of Cldn7 deficiency on the mucus layer of mice with colitis, and fluorescence in situ hybridization was used to detect how Cldn7 promotes spatial separation of the gut microbiota from the host. The microbiota population was characterized by high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing of DNA extracted from fecal samples. Results Compared with the controls, Cldn7 knockout increased susceptibility to colitis, including greater degree of weight loss, colon shortening, and a significantly higher disease activity index score. DSS-treated Cldn7 knockout mice promoted the migration of bacteria to the intestinal epithelium to some extent by damaging the intestinal mucus layer. Sequencing of 16S rRNA showed that DSS-treated Cldn7 knockout mice reduced the gut microbiota diversity and had greater relative abundance of Escherichia coli. LEfSe analysis indicated that Escherichia coli may be the key bacteria in Cldn7 knockout mice during DSS-induced colitis. Furthermore, the Tax4Fun analysis predicted that DSS-treated Cldn7 knockout mice enriched for microbiota impacting infectious diseases, immune system and metabolic functions. Conclusions Our data suggests an association between intestinal Cldn7 knockout and microbiota dysbiosis during inflammatory events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Ding
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Tieyilu 10, Yangfangdian, Haidian District, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Tieyilu 10, Yangfangdian, Haidian District, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Chang Xu
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Tieyilu 10, Yangfangdian, Haidian District, Beijing, 100038, China.,Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education/Beijing, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Mengdi Hao
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Tieyilu 10, Yangfangdian, Haidian District, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Huimin Li
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Tieyilu 10, Yangfangdian, Haidian District, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Lei Ding
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Tieyilu 10, Yangfangdian, Haidian District, Beijing, 100038, China.
| |
Collapse
|
190
|
Zygulska AL, Pierzchalski P. Novel Diagnostic Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:852. [PMID: 35055034 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is still a leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Less than half of cases are diagnosed when the cancer is locally advanced. CRC is a heterogenous disease associated with a number of genetic or somatic mutations. Diagnostic markers are used for risk stratification and early detection, which might prolong overall survival. Nowadays, the widespread use of semi-invasive endoscopic methods and feacal blood tests characterised by suboptimal accuracy of diagnostic results has led to the detection of cases at later stages. New molecular noninvasive tests based on the detection of CRC alterations seem to be more sensitive and specific then the current methods. Therefore, research aiming at identifying molecular markers, such as DNA, RNA and proteins, would improve survival rates and contribute to the development of personalized medicine. The identification of “ideal” diagnostic biomarkers, having high sensitivity and specificity, being safe, cheap and easy to measure, remains a challenge. The purpose of this review is to discuss recent advances in novel diagnostic biomarkers for tumor tissue, blood and stool samples in CRC patients.
Collapse
|
191
|
Abstract
Simple Summary Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common cancers and the third leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide, with a high frequency of recurrence and metastasis, and a poor prognosis. This review presents novel biological and clinical significance of claudin (CLDN) expression in GC, especially CLDN18, and clinical trials centered around CLDN18.2. It also presents new findings for other CLDNs. Abstract Despite recent improvements in diagnostic ability and treatment strategies, advanced gastric cancer (GC) has a high frequency of recurrence and metastasis, with poor prognosis. To improve the treatment results of GC, the search for new treatment targets from proteins related to epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cell–cell adhesion is currently being conducted. EMT plays an important role in cancer metastasis and is initiated by the loss of cell–cell adhesion, such as tight junctions (TJs), adherens junctions, desmosomes, and gap junctions. Among these, claudins (CLDNs) are highly expressed in some cancers, including GC. Abnormal expression of CLDN1, CLDN2, CLDN3, CLDN4, CLDN6, CLDN7, CLDN10, CLDN11, CLDN14, CLDN17, CLDN18, and CLDN23 have been reported. Among these, CLDN18 is of particular interest. In The Cancer Genome Atlas, GC was classified into four new molecular subtypes, and CLDN18–ARHGAP fusion was observed in the genomically stable type. An anti-CLDN18.2 antibody drug was recently developed as a therapeutic drug for GC, and the results of clinical trials are highly predictable. Thus, CLDNs are highly expressed in GC as TJs and are expected targets for new antibody drugs. Herein, we review the literature on CLDNs, focusing on CLDN18 in GC.
Collapse
|
192
|
Barany A, Oliva M, Gregório SF, Martínez-Rodríguez G, Mancera JM, Fuentes J. Dysregulation of Intestinal Physiology by Aflatoxicosis in the Gilthead Seabream ( Sparus aurata). Front Physiol 2022; 12:741192. [PMID: 34987413 PMCID: PMC8722709 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.741192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a mycotoxin often present in food. This study aimed to understand the physiological effects of AFB1 on the seabream (Sparus aurata) gastrointestinal system. In a first in vitro approach, we investigated ion transport using the short-circuit current (Isc) technique in Ussing chambers in the anterior intestine (AI). Application of apical/luminal AFB1 concentrations of 8 and 16 μM to healthy tissues was without effect on tissue transepithelial electrical resistance (TER), and apparent tissue permeability (Papp) was measured using fluorescein FITC (4 kD). However, it resulted in dose-related effects on Isc. In a second approach, seabream juveniles fed with different AFB1 concentrations (1 and 2 mg AFB1 kg−1 fish feed) for 85 days showed significantly reduced gill Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) and H+-ATPase (HA) activities in the posterior intestine (PI). Moreover, dietary AFB1 modified Isc in the AI and PI, significantly affecting TER in the AI. To understand this effect on TER, we analyzed the expression of nine claudins and three occludins as markers of intestinal architecture and permeability using qPCR. Around 80% of the genes presented significantly different relative mRNA expression between AI and PI and had concomitant sensitivity to dietary AFB1. Based on the results of our in vitro, in vivo, and molecular approaches, we conclude that the effects of dietary AFB1 in the gastrointestinal system are at the base of the previously reported growth impairment caused by AFB1 in fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andre Barany
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI·MAR), University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Milagrosa Oliva
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI·MAR), University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Silvia Filipa Gregório
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMar), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - Gonzalo Martínez-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICMAN-CSIC), Cádiz, Spain
| | - Juan Miguel Mancera
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI·MAR), University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Juan Fuentes
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMar), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
193
|
López-Moreno A, Ruiz-Moreno Á, Pardo-Cacho J, Cerk K, Torres-Sánchez A, Ortiz P, Úbeda M, Aguilera M. Culturing and Molecular Approaches for Identifying Microbiota Taxa Impacting Children's Obesogenic Phenotypes Related to Xenobiotic Dietary Exposure. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14020241. [PMID: 35057422 PMCID: PMC8778816 DOI: 10.3390/nu14020241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrated data from molecular and improved culturomics studies might offer holistic insights on gut microbiome dysbiosis triggered by xenobiotics, such as obesity and metabolic disorders. Bisphenol A (BPA), a dietary xenobiotic obesogen, was chosen for a directed culturing approach using microbiota specimens from 46 children with obesity and normal-weight profiles. In parallel, a complementary molecular analysis was carried out to estimate the BPA metabolising capacities. Firstly, catalogues of 237 BPA directed-cultured microorganisms were isolated using five selected media and several BPA treatments and conditions. Taxa from Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria were the most abundant in normal-weight and overweight/obese children, with species belonging to the genera Enterococcus, Escherichia, Staphylococcus, Bacillus, and Clostridium. Secondly, the representative isolated taxa from normal-weight vs. overweight/obese were grouped as BPA biodegrader, tolerant, or resistant bacteria, according to the presence of genes encoding BPA enzymes in their whole genome sequences. Remarkably, the presence of sporobiota and concretely Bacillus spp. showed the higher BPA biodegradation potential in overweight/obese group compared to normal-weight, which could drive a relevant role in obesity and metabolic dysbiosis triggered by these xenobiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana López-Moreno
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (Á.R.-M.); (J.P.-C.); (K.C.); (A.T.-S.); (P.O.); (M.Ú.)
- Center of Biomedical Research, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Microbiota Laboratory, IBS: Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.L.-M.); (M.A.); Tel.: +34-9-5824-5129 (M.A.)
| | - Ángel Ruiz-Moreno
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (Á.R.-M.); (J.P.-C.); (K.C.); (A.T.-S.); (P.O.); (M.Ú.)
- Center of Biomedical Research, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Jesús Pardo-Cacho
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (Á.R.-M.); (J.P.-C.); (K.C.); (A.T.-S.); (P.O.); (M.Ú.)
| | - Klara Cerk
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (Á.R.-M.); (J.P.-C.); (K.C.); (A.T.-S.); (P.O.); (M.Ú.)
- Center of Biomedical Research, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Alfonso Torres-Sánchez
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (Á.R.-M.); (J.P.-C.); (K.C.); (A.T.-S.); (P.O.); (M.Ú.)
- Center of Biomedical Research, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Pilar Ortiz
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (Á.R.-M.); (J.P.-C.); (K.C.); (A.T.-S.); (P.O.); (M.Ú.)
- Center of Biomedical Research, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Marina Úbeda
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (Á.R.-M.); (J.P.-C.); (K.C.); (A.T.-S.); (P.O.); (M.Ú.)
| | - Margarita Aguilera
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (Á.R.-M.); (J.P.-C.); (K.C.); (A.T.-S.); (P.O.); (M.Ú.)
- Center of Biomedical Research, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Microbiota Laboratory, IBS: Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.L.-M.); (M.A.); Tel.: +34-9-5824-5129 (M.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
194
|
Luo S, Ou Y, Zheng T, Jiang H, Wu Y, Zhao J, Zhang Z. Optimal Strategy for Colorectal Cancer Patients' Diagnosis Based on Circulating Tumor Cells and Circulating Tumor Endothelial Cells by Subtraction Enrichment and Immunostaining-Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization Combining with CEA and CA19-9. J Oncol 2021; 2021:1517488. [PMID: 34976053 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1517488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Cancerous embryo antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) are commonly used in clinical practice to assist in diagnosing CRC. However, their sensitivity is very low. This study aims to investigate the clinical significance of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and circulating tumor endothelial cells (CTECs) compared with CEA and CA19-9 in the auxiliary diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Methods 115 pathologically confirmed CRC patients and 20 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. CTCs and CTECs were enriched and identified by subtraction enrichment and immunostaining-fluorescence in situ hybridization (SE-iFISH). A logistic regression was used to establish a model for the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, and the diagnostic efficacy of CTCs, CTECs, CEA, CA19-9, and their combinations was analyzed. Results The CTC (P < 0.0001) and CTEC (P=0.0009) level was significantly higher in CRC patients than that in healthy controls. For CRC patients, CTC and CTEC level was significantly correlated with tumor stage and lymph node metastasis status, but not with sex, age, tumor location, and degree of differentiation. The positive rate of CTCs, CTECs, CEA, and CA19-9 in CRC patients was 87.8%, 39.1%, 28.7%, and 26.1%, respectively. To distinguish CRC patients from controls, the area under the curve (AUC) of CTC was 0.889, which was much higher than 0.695 of CTEC, 0.696 of CEA, and 0.695 of CA19-9. Establishing ROC curve by logistic regression algorithm, the highest AUC was 0.935, which combined CTCs with CTEC, CEA, and CA19-9. Conclusions CTCs combined with CTEC, CEA, and CA19-9 are useful to improve the diagnostic efficiency, which has high clinical significance in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer.
Collapse
|
195
|
Creţu OI, Simionescu CE, Florescu MM, Stepan MD, Sapalidis K, Stepan AE. Immunoexpression of E-cadherin, CD44 and Claudin 7 in gastric adenocarcinomas. Rom J Morphol Embryol 2022; 63:529-537. [PMID: 36588491 PMCID: PMC9926152 DOI: 10.47162/rjme.63.3.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Gastric adenocarcinomas represent frequent malignant tumors in the digestive tract, with a high and constant mortality rate in last decades. The disturbance of the adhesion molecules expression, which normally is essential in maintaining epithelial homeostasis, has a critical role in the initiation and progression of tumors. In this study, we analyzed the immunoexpression of E-cadherin, cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44), and Claudin 7 in 58 cases of gastric adenocarcinomas, in relation to the histopathological parameters of the lesions' aggressiveness. Increased E-cadherin immunoexpression was observed in tubular adenocarcinomas, those of low grade and in stages I-III. CD44 presented high scores in discohesive, hepatoid, tubular, and tubulopapillary adenocarcinomas, those of high grade and in advanced stages. Claudin 7 associated increased scores for tubular, tubulopapillary and micropapillary tumors, those of low grade and mainly in stage I. The markers used in the study can be useful for assessing the aggressiveness of gastric adenocarcinomas, in the context of specific adapted therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oana Iulia Creţu
- Department of Pathology, Discipline of Pediatrics, Department of Infant Care-Pediatrics-Neonatology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania; ;
| | | | | | - Mioara Desdemona Stepan
- Department of Infant Care–Pediatrics–Neonatology,
University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
| | - Konstantinos Sapalidis
- 3rd Surgical Department, AHEPA University Hospital,
School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of
Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Alex Emilian Stepan
- Department of Pathology, University of Medicine and
Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
196
|
Yadav A, Kumar A, Siddiqui MH. Detection of circulating tumour cells in colorectal cancer: Emerging techniques and clinical implications. World J Clin Oncol 2021; 12:1169-1181. [PMID: 35070736 PMCID: PMC8716996 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v12.i12.1169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite several advances in oncological management of colorectal cancer, morbidity and mortality are still high and devastating. The diagnostic evaluation by endoscopy is cumbersome, which is uncomfortable to many. Because of the intra- and inter-tumour heterogeneity and changing tumour dynamics, which is continuous in nature, the diagnostic biopsy and assessment of the pathological sample are difficult and also not adequate. Late manifestation of the disease and delayed diagnosis may lead to relapse or metastases. One of the keys to improving the outcome is early detection of cancer, ease of technology to detect with uniformity, and its therapeutic implications, which are yet to come. "Liquid biopsy" is currently the most recent area of interest in oncology, which may provide important tools regarding the characterization of the primary tumour and its metastasis as cancer cells shed into the bloodstream even at the early stages of the disease. By using this approach, clinicians may be able to find out information about the tumour at a given time. Any of the following three types of sampling of biological material can be used in the "liquid biopsy". These are circulating tumour cells (CTCs), circulating tumour DNA, and exosomes. The most commonly studied amongst the three is CTCs. CTCs with their different applications and prognostic value has been found useful in colorectal cancer detection and therapeutics. In this review, we will discuss various markers for CTCs, the core tools/techniques for detection, and also important findings of clinical studies in colorectal cancer and its clinical implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alka Yadav
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
197
|
Di Martino L, De Salvo C, Buela KA, Hager C, Ghannoum M, Osme A, Buttò L, Bamias G, Pizarro TT, Cominelli F. Candida tropicalis Infection Modulates the Gut Microbiome and Confers Enhanced Susceptibility to Colitis in Mice. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 13:901-23. [PMID: 34890843 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS We previously showed that abundance of Candida tropicalis is significantly greater in Crohn's disease patients compared with first-degree relatives without Crohn's disease. The aim of this study was to determine the effects and mechanisms of action of C tropicalis infection on intestinal inflammation and injury in mice. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were inoculated with C tropicalis, and colitis was induced by administration of dextran sodium sulfate in drinking water. Disease severity and intestinal permeability subsequently were evaluated by endoscopy, histology, quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, as well as 16S ribosomal RNA and NanoString analyses (NanoString Technologies, Seattle, WA). RESULTS Infected mice showed more severe colitis, with alterations in gut mucosal helper T cells (Th)1 and Th17 cytokine expression, and an increased frequency of mesenteric lymph node-derived group 2 innate lymphoid cells compared with uninfected controls. Gut microbiome composition, including changes in the mucin-degrading bacteria, Akkermansia muciniphila and Ruminococcus gnavus, was altered significantly, as was expression of several genes affecting intestinal epithelial homeostasis in isolated colonoids, after C tropicalis infection compared with uninfected controls. In line with these findings, fecal microbiome transplantation of germ-free recipient mice using infected vs uninfected donors showed altered expression of several tight-junction proteins and increased susceptibility to dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis. CONCLUSIONS C tropicalis induces dysbiosis that involves changes in the presence of mucin-degrading bacteria, leading to altered tight junction protein expression with increased intestinal permeability and followed by induction of robust Th1/Th17 responses, which ultimately lead to an accelerated proinflammatory phenotype in experimental colitic mice.
Collapse
|
198
|
Zhao H, Peng Y, Cai X, Zhou Y, Zhou Y, Huang H, Xu L, Nie Y. Genome insights of Enterococcus raffinosus CX012922, isolated from the feces of a Crohn's disease patient. Gut Pathog 2021; 13:71. [PMID: 34876224 PMCID: PMC8650288 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-021-00468-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Enterococcus raffinosus is one of the Enterococcus species that often cause nosocomial infections. To date, only one E. raffinosus genome has been completely assembled, and the genomic features have not been characterized. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of the strain CX012922, isolated from the feces of a Crohn’s disease patient, and perform a comparative genome analysis to the relevant Enterococcus spp. strains in silico. Results De novo assembly of the sequencing reads of the strain CX012922 generated a circular genome of 2.83 Mb and a circular megaplasmid of 0.98 Mb. Phylogenomic analysis revealed that the strain CX012922 belonged to the E. raffinosus species. By comparative genome analysis, we found that some strains previously identified as E. raffinosus or E. gilvus should be reclassified as novel species. Genome islands (GIs), virulence factors, and antibiotic genes were found in both the genome and the megaplasmid, although pathogenic genes were mainly encoded in the genome. A large proportion of the genes encoded in the megaplasmid were involved in substrate utilization, such as raffinose metabolism. Giant megaplasmids (~1 Mb) equipped with toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems generally formed symbiosis relationships with the genome of E. raffinosus strains. Conclusions Enterococcus spp. have a higher species-level diversity than is currently appreciated. The pathogenicity of E. raffinosus is mainly determined by the genome-encoded virulence factors, while the megaplasmid broadens the gene function pool. The symbiosis between the genome and the megaplasmids endows E. raffinosus with large genomic sizes as well as versatile gene functions, especially for their colonization, adaptation, virulence, and pathogenesis in the human gut. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13099-021-00468-8.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hailan Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510180, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, 518071, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xunchao Cai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, 518071, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongjian Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510180, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Youlian Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510180, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongli Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510180, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, 518071, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuqiang Nie
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510180, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
199
|
Li X, Yang W. IRF2-induced Claudin-7 suppresses cell proliferation, invasion and migration of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Exp Ther Med 2021; 23:7. [PMID: 34815759 PMCID: PMC8593875 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common type of malignant tumor worldwide. Claudin-7 (CLDN7) has been reported to exhibit low expression in tissues of patients with OSCC; however, the underlying mechanisms of CLDN7 remain to be elucidated. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of CLDN7 on the progression of OSCC and identify its potential regulatory mechanisms. CLDN7 and interferon regulatory factor-2 (IRF2) expression in several OSCC cell lines were detected using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and western blotting. Following CLDN7 overexpression, cell proliferation, invasion and migration were determined using a Cell Counting Kit-8, colony formation, Transwell and wound healing assays, respectively. The potential binding sites of IRF2 on the CLDN7 promoter were analyzed using the PROMO and JASPAR databases, which were verified via chromatin immunoprecipitation and RT-qPCR assays. The effects of IRF2 and CLDN7 on the biological functions of OSCC cells were examined by transfection with short hairpin RNA (shRNA) against CLDN7 (sh-CLDN7), or IRF2 and CLDN7 overexpression plasmids. The results revealed that CLDN7 and IRF2 expression were significantly downregulated in OSCC cell lines, and CLDN7 overexpression reduced the proliferation, invasion and migration of OSCC cells. Additionally, IRF2 was confirmed to combine with the CLDN7 promoter. CLDN7 silencing reversed the inhibitory effects of IRF2 overexpression on the proliferation, invasion and migration of OSCC cells. Taken together, these findings demonstrated that IRF2-induced CLDN7 upregulation suppressed the proliferation, invasion and migration of OSCC cells, suggesting the possibility of CLDN7 and IRF2 as novel targets for the treatment of OSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Endodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210018, P.R. China
| | - Weidong Yang
- Department of Endodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210018, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
200
|
Abstract
E-cadherin is the main component of epithelial adherens junctions (AJs), which play a crucial role in the maintenance of stable cell-cell adhesion and overall tissue integrity. Down-regulation of E-cadherin expression has been found in many carcinomas, and loss of E-cadherin is generally associated with poor prognosis in patients. During the last decade, however, numerous studies have shown that E-cadherin is essential for several aspects of cancer cell biology that contribute to cancer progression, most importantly, active cell migration. In this review, we summarize the available data about the input of E-cadherin in cancer progression, focusing on the latest advances in the research of the various roles E-cadherin-based AJs play in cancer cell dissemination. The review also touches upon the "cadherin switching" in cancer cells where N- or P-cadherin replace or are co-expressed with E-cadherin and its influence on the migratory properties of cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana N Rubtsova
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Institute of Carcinogenesis, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina Y Zhitnyak
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Institute of Carcinogenesis, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalya A Gloushankova
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Institute of Carcinogenesis, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|