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Gershenwald JE, Guy GP. Stemming the Rising Incidence of Melanoma: Calling Prevention to Action. J Natl Cancer Inst 2016; 108:djv381. [PMID: 26563358 PMCID: PMC6048594 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djv381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey E Gershenwald
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Gery P Guy
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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152
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Rodgers R, Wilking C, Gottlieb M, Daynard R, Lovering M, Matsumoto A, Luk S, Naab P, Iannuccilli A, Shoemaker H, Convertino A, Franko D. A qualitative study of the decision to engage in tanning behaviors among female college students. EUROPEAN REVIEW OF APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.erap.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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153
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Bagatti M, Englert N, Cline T. Assessing Behavior, Knowledge, and Attitudes About Melanoma: An Educational Intervention for Female College Athletes. J Nurse Pract 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nurpra.2015.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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154
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Ungureanu L, Senilă S, Vornicescu D, Vesa SC, Ionut R, Cosgarea R. Melanoma knowledge, risk factors awareness and skin health behaviours: a populational-based study in Central Romania. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2015; 30:e213-e215. [PMID: 26670843 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.13546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L Ungureanu
- Department of Dermatology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - S Senilă
- Department of Dermatology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - D Vornicescu
- Department of Dermatology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - S C Vesa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - R Ionut
- Department of Ocupational Medicine, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - R Cosgarea
- Department of Dermatology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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155
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Heidelbaugh JJ. Pattern Recognition. Prim Care 2015; 42:xiii-xiv. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pop.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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156
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Dellavalle RP, Karimkhani C, Boyers LN, Schilling LM. Response to Letter Regarding Indoor Ultraviolet Radiation Tanning and Skin Cancer. Am J Prev Med 2015; 49:e87-e88. [PMID: 26477810 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2015.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert P Dellavalle
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Dermatology Service, Eastern Colorado Health Care System, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Denver, Colorado
| | - Chante Karimkhani
- Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons New York, New York
| | - Lindsay N Boyers
- Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington District of Columbia
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Abstract
Sunburn, thermal, and chemical injuries to the skin are common in the United States and worldwide. Initial management is determined by type and extent of injury with special care to early management of airway, breathing, and circulation. Fluid management has typically been guided by the Parkland formula, whereas some experts now question this. Each type of skin injury has its own pathophysiology and resultant complications. All primary care physicians should have at least a basic knowledge of management of acute and chronic skin injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J Monseau
- Department of Emergency Medicine, West Virginia University, 1 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26506-9149, USA.
| | - Zebula M Reed
- Department of Emergency Medicine, West Virginia University, 1 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26506-9149, USA
| | - Katherine Jane Langley
- Department of Emergency Medicine, West Virginia University, 1 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26506-9149, USA
| | - Cayce Onks
- Department of Family & Community Medicine, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, 500 University Drive, H154, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, 500 University Drive, H154, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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158
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Baselga J, Bhardwaj N, Cantley LC, DeMatteo R, DuBois RN, Foti M, Gapstur SM, Hahn WC, Helman LJ, Jensen RA, Paskett ED, Lawrence TS, Lutzker SG, Szabo E. AACR Cancer Progress Report 2015. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21:S1-128. [PMID: 26429991 PMCID: PMC5001568 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-1846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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159
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Crocetti E, Mallone S, Robsahm TE, Gavin A, Agius D, Ardanaz E, Lopez MDC, Innos K, Minicozzi P, Borgognoni L, Pierannunzio D, Eisemann N. Survival of patients with skin melanoma in Europe increases further: Results of the EUROCARE-5 study. Eur J Cancer 2015; 51:2179-2190. [PMID: 26421821 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2015.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Europe skin melanoma (SM) survival has increased over time. The aims were to evaluate recent trends and differences between countries and regions of Europe. METHODS Relative survival (RS) estimates and geographical comparisons were based on 241,485 patients aged 15years and over with a diagnosis of invasive SM in Europe (2000-2007). Survival time trends during 1999-2007 were estimated using the period approach, for 213,101 patients. Age, gender, sub-sites and morphology subgroups were considered. RESULTS In European patients, estimated 5-year RS was 83% (95% confidence interval, CI 83-84%). The highest values were found for patients resident in Northern (88%; 87-88%) and Central (88%; 87-88%) Europe, followed by Ireland and United Kingdom (UK) (86%; 85-86%) and Southern Europe (83%; 82-83%). The lowest survival was in Eastern Europe (74%; 74-75%). Within regions the intercountry absolute difference in percentage points of RS varied from 4% (North) to 34% (East). RS decreased markedly with patients' age and was higher in women than men. Differences according to SM morphology and skin sub-sites also emerged. Survival has slightly increased from 1999 to 2007, with a small improvement in Northern and the most pronounced improvement in Eastern Europe. DISCUSSION SM survival is high and still increasing in European patients. The gap between Northern and Southern and especially Eastern European countries, although still present, diminished over time. Differences in stage distribution at diagnosis may explain most of the geographical differences. However, part of the improvement in survival may be attributed to overdiagnosis from early diagnosis practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Crocetti
- UO Epidemiologia Clinica, Descrittiva e Registri - ISPO, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Sandra Mallone
- Centro Nazionale di Epidemiologia, Sorveglianza e Promozione della Salute, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy
| | - Trude Eid Robsahm
- Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population Based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anna Gavin
- Northern Ireland Cancer Registry, Centre for Public Health, Queens University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Domenic Agius
- Malta National Cancer Registry, Department of Health Information and Research, Pieta, Malta
| | - Eva Ardanaz
- Navarra Cancer Registry, Navarra Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria-Dolores Chirlaque Lopez
- Servicio de Epidemiología, Department of Epidemiology, Consejería de Sanidad, Murcia Health Authority, Murcia, Spain; CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Kaire Innos
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics National, Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Pamela Minicozzi
- Analytical Epidemiology and Health Impact Unit, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Borgognoni
- SC Chirurgia Plastica e Ricostruttiva, Ospedale S.M. Annunziata - Azienda Sanitaria di Firenze Centro di Riferimento Regionale per il Melanoma, Istituto Toscano Tumori, Firenze, Italy
| | - Daniela Pierannunzio
- Centro Nazionale di Epidemiologia, Sorveglianza e Promozione della Salute, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy
| | - Nora Eisemann
- Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
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160
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Touboul C. Methodology of the EDIFICE Melanoma survey. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2015; 29 Suppl 2:2-5. [PMID: 25639925 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.12894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanoma accounts for a small proportion of skin cancers but is the most serious. The prognosis is, however, good if it is diagnosed early, before the metastatic stages. For these reasons, population awareness and knowledge with regard to melanoma and the associated risk factors are critical to improving the effectiveness of melanoma primary prevention campaigns. OBJECTIVES The EDIFICE Melanoma survey was designed to cover a large number of topics related to sun exposure and melanoma: knowledge and awareness of the risks associated with sun and artificial ultraviolet exposure, knowledge of melanoma and the associated risk factors, behaviour regarding protective measures in adults and children. METHODS The survey questionnaire was administered by experienced independent interviewers from the Kantar Health Institute using the Computer-Assisted Telephone Interview technique. It was important to avoid the effects of 'contamination' in answers to questions about sun exposure habits. Questions about exposure habits were therefore asked before those relating to knowledge of best practices for sun protection. A sample of 1502 individuals aged 18 years and over was interviewed. The survey data were weighted to eliminate structural variations between the sample interviewed and the reference population. Quantitative data were described by the means and standard deviations and categorical data by the numbers in each category and corresponding percentages. Three multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted and expressed in terms of odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS In addition to the classic questions relating to sociodemographic characteristics, the EDIFICE Melanoma study questionnaire was organized around three themes: the opinion, attitude and knowledge of individuals regarding sun exposure and melanoma. The survey questionnaire lasted approximately 20 min. CONCLUSIONS This study provided a complete 'snapshot' of opinions, attitudes and knowledge of French people in 2011 with regard to sun exposure.
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161
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Grange F, Mortier L, Crine A, Robert C, Sassolas B, Lebbe C, Lhomel C, Saiag P. Prevalence of sunbed use, and characteristics and knowledge of sunbed users: results from the French population-based Edifice Melanoma survey. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2015; 29 Suppl 2:23-30. [PMID: 25639930 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.12899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In addition to natural sunlight, indoor tanning has emerged as a common source of ultraviolet (UV) radiation associated with an increased risk of melanoma. It is classified as a class I human carcinogen by the World Health Organization. OBJECTIVES This analysis presents data on the prevalence of sunbed use in France, on factors associated with sunbed use, and on risk factors, attitude and awareness of risk among sunbed users and non-users. METHODS Edifice Melanoma, a nationwide observational survey, was conducted in France via telephone interviews among a representative sample of 1502 subjects aged ≥18 years, using the quota method. Sunbed users were defined as individuals who reported having used a sunbed at least once in their lifetime. Logistical regressions were conducted in order to identify which factors differentiate the population of sunbed users from that of non-users. RESULTS One in ten respondents was a sunbed user and three out of four declared having used tanning facilities for over one year. In multivariate analysis, factors significantly associated with the sunbed-user group were female gender (OR = 3.897 [2.573-5.903], P < 0.001), a higher socio-professional category (OR = 2.227 [1.542-3.217]; P < 0.001), fair hair (OR = 1.583 [1.025-2.447], P = 0.039), fair skin (OR = 1.879 [1.086-3.253]; P = 0.024), freckles (OR = 1.570 [1.071-2.302]; P = 0.021) and a history of smoking (OR = 2.383 [1.633-3.476]; P < 0.001). In a second multivariate model, the fact of having a large number of melanoma risk factors was strongly associated with sunbed use (P = 0.001). Sunbed users were more likely to be informed of the role of sun exposure in reducing the skin's regenerative capacity (OR = 2.181 [1.319-3.607]; P = 0.002) but were nevertheless more likely to consider that a tan makes a person look more attractive (OR = 2.309 [1.312-4.064]; P = 0.004) and protects the skin (OR = 2.490 [1.532-4.046]; P < 0.001); they were also more frequently exposed to natural sunlight (OR = 2.214 [1.196-4.102]; P = 0.011). CONCLUSIONS Compared to non-users, sunbed users cumulate risk factors for melanoma. Knowledge, attitudes and intentions of individuals are critical targets for public education programmes. However, awareness campaigns focusing on sunbed use, and more generally on skin cancer, should also take social and cultural norms into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Grange
- Department of Dermatology, Robert Debré University Hospital, Reims, France
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162
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Karimkhani C, Boyers LN, Schilling LM, Dellavalle RP. The Surgeon General Should Say That Indoor Ultraviolet Radiation Tanning Causes Skin Cancer. Am J Prev Med 2015; 49:437-40. [PMID: 25863587 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chante Karimkhani
- Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Lindsay N Boyers
- Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia
| | | | - Robert P Dellavalle
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora; Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora; Dermatology Service, Eastern Colorado Health Care System, U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs, Denver, Colorado.
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163
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McWhirter JE, Hoffman-Goetz L. North American Magazine Coverage of Skin Cancer and Recreational Tanning Before and After the WHO/IARC 2009 Classification of Indoor Tanning Devices as Carcinogenic. JOURNAL OF CANCER EDUCATION : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER EDUCATION 2015; 30:477-481. [PMID: 25189799 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-014-0726-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The mass media is an influential source of skin cancer information for the public. In 2009, the World Health Organization's International Agency for Research on Cancer classified UV radiation from tanning devices as carcinogenic. Our objective was to determine if media coverage of skin cancer and recreational tanning increased in volume or changed in nature after this classification. We conducted a directed content analysis on 29 North American popular magazines (2007-2012) to investigate the overall volume of articles on skin cancer and recreational tanning and, more specifically, the presence of skin cancer risk factors, UV behaviors, and early detection information in article text (n = 410) and images (n = 714). The volume of coverage on skin cancer and recreational tanning did not increase significantly after the 2009 classification of tanning beds as carcinogenic. Key-related messages, including that UV exposure is a risk factor for skin cancer and that indoor tanning should be avoided, were not reported more frequently after the classification, but the promotion of the tanned look as attractive was conveyed more often in images afterwards (p < .01). Content promoting high-SPF sunscreen use increased after the classification (p < .01), but there were no significant positive changes in the frequency of coverage of skin cancer risk factors, other UV behaviors, or early detection information over time. The classification of indoor tanning beds as carcinogenic had no significant impact on the volume or nature of skin cancer and recreational tanning coverage in magazines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E McWhirter
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada,
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164
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Reinau D, Meier CR, Blumenthal R, Surber C. Skin Cancer Prevention, Tanning and Vitamin D: A Content Analysis of Print Media in Germany and Switzerland. Dermatology 2015; 232:2-10. [PMID: 26278913 DOI: 10.1159/000435913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Print media are a major source of health information. OBJECTIVES To analyse press coverage related to skin cancer prevention. METHODS We conducted a content analysis of print media articles pertaining to skin cancer prevention, solaria and vitamin D published in Germany and Switzerland over a 1-year period between 2012 and 2013. RESULTS Overall, 2,103 articles were analysed. Applying sunscreen was by far the most common sun protection recommendation. A considerable number of articles on solaria and vitamin D advocated exposure to ultraviolet radiation to enhance physical appearance and vitamin D photosynthesis, often without mentioning any precaution measures. In total, 26.8% of the articles contained misleading or erroneous statements mostly related to sunscreen use and vitamin D issues. CONCLUSIONS Print media can serve as powerful education tools to foster skin cancer prevention. However, misleading or erroneous reports may negatively impact sun-safe behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne Reinau
- Basel Pharmacoepidemiology Unit, Division of Clinical Pharmacy and Epidemiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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165
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Friedman B, English JC, Ferris LK. Indoor Tanning, Skin Cancer and the Young Female Patient: A Review of the Literature. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2015; 28:275-83. [PMID: 26119073 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2014.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Young, non-Hispanic white females represent the population most likely to use indoor tanning facilities. This population may be at increased risk of skin cancer as recent meta-analyses support a strong association between cutaneous malignancy and indoor tanning. Public perception of the purported health benefits of indoor tanning may be partially to blame for the popularity of tanning salons as a desire to prepare skin prior to sun exposure is among the most commonly cited motivations for indoor tanning. Improving education and counseling to address misconceptions regarding tanning safety will require the participation of healthcare providers for both physical and psychological screenings as well as for information dissemination. This review presents the association between tanning bed use and skin cancer, biological effects of UV radiation exposure, UV burden associated with tanning devices, public perception of tanning, demographic and psychological profile of indoor tanners, and current legislation regulating tanning bed use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake Friedman
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Joseph C English
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
| | - Laura K Ferris
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
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166
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Mays D, Zhao X. The influence of framed messages and self-affirmation on indoor tanning behavioral intentions in 18- to 30-year-old women. Health Psychol 2015; 35:123-30. [PMID: 26192383 DOI: 10.1037/hea0000253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of gain- and loss-framed indoor tanning (IT) prevention messages among young adult women, and examine the potential moderating effect of self-affirmation. METHOD Young adult women ages 18 to 30 who reported IT at least once in the past year (n = 475) participated in an online experiment. Participants first completed assessments of IT behavior and related constructs and were randomized to either a self-affirmation manipulation or control condition. Then, participants were randomized to either a gain-framed message emphasizing the benefits of avoiding IT or a loss-framed message emphasizing the risks of IT. Participants completed outcome measures of intentions to IT, intentions to quit IT, and emotional and cognitive responses to the framed messages. RESULTS Compared with gain-framed messages, loss-framed messages led to weaker intentions to IT and stronger intentions to quit IT. Self-affirmation did not moderate message framing effects, but had a main effect increasing intentions to IT. Mediation analyses indicate that loss-framed messages affect IT behavioral intentions by increasing fear, and self-affirmation may have increased intentions to IT by producing defensive reactions to the framed messages. CONCLUSIONS Loss-framed messages were more effective for reducing intentions to IT and promoting intentions to quit IT among young women after a brief exposure, and emotional response appears to be 1 pathway through which loss-framed messages affect behavioral outcomes. Messages emphasizing the risks of IT may be optimal as a public health intervention strategy. Unlike other behavioral domains, self-affirmation did not reduce defensive processing of loss-framed messages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren Mays
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Xiaoquan Zhao
- Department of Communication, George Mason University
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167
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Farley C, Alimi Y, Espinosa LR, Perez S, Knechtle W, Hestley A, Carlson GW, Russell MC, Delman KA, Rizzo M. Tanning beds: A call to action for further educational and legislative efforts. J Surg Oncol 2015; 112:183-7. [PMID: 26186088 DOI: 10.1002/jso.23969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGORUND AND OBJECTIVES Melanoma is steadily increasing over the past decade. Recent studies confirmed a link between tanning bed use and melanoma. We sought to determine the prevalence and frequency of tanning bed among young patients with melanoma. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed tanning bed use among young melanoma patients compared to controls selected from the hospital medical records. A telephone survey investigated family history of melanoma or skin cancer, hair color, eye color, skin type, tanning bed use, and patient awareness of dangers of tanning bed use. RESULTS A total of 601 melanoma cases were identified; 265 (44%) completed the telephone survey as did 195 (31%) controls. Of these 460 subjects, 260 were female. Females were 3.0 times more likely to have used a tanning bed. Melanoma patients had natural light color hair, blue-green eyes, and 2.0 times more likely to use a tanning bed than controls. Among the tanning bed users, 90% were aware of danger of tanning bed. CONCLUSIONS Our study found that tanning beds were more likely to be used by young women, the majority of whom are aware of the associated risks. Eliminating the use of tanning beds should be considered to decrease the incidence of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Farley
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Yewande Alimi
- Department of Surgery Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Lauren R Espinosa
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sebastian Perez
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - William Knechtle
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Andrea Hestley
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Grant W Carlson
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Maria C Russell
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Keith A Delman
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Monica Rizzo
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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168
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Sun bed dangers: Ain't no sunshine. Br Dent J 2015; 218:663. [PMID: 26114688 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2015.447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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169
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Mays D, Tercyak KP. Framing Indoor Tanning Warning Messages to Reduce Skin Cancer Risks Among Young Women: Implications for Research and Policy. Am J Public Health 2015; 105:e70-6. [PMID: 26066932 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2015.302665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigated the impact of indoor tanning device warnings that communicate the risks associated with indoor tanning (i.e., loss framed) or the benefits of avoiding indoor tanning (i.e., gain framed). METHODS A convenience sample of non-Hispanic White women aged 18 to 30 years who tanned indoors at least once in the past year (n = 682) participated in a within-subjects experiment. Participants completed baseline measures and reported indoor tanning intentions and intentions to quit indoor tanning in response to 5 warning messages in random order. A text-only control warning was based on Food and Drug Administration-required warnings for indoor tanning devices. Experimental warnings included graphic content and were either gain or loss framed. RESULTS In multivariable analyses, gain-framed warnings did not differ from the control warning on women's intentions to tan indoors, but they prompted stronger intentions to quit than the control message. Loss-framed warnings significantly reduced intentions to tan indoors and increased intentions to quit indoor tanning compared with control and gain-framed warnings. CONCLUSIONS The public health impact of indoor tanning device warnings can be enhanced by incorporating graphic content and leveraging gain- and loss-framed messaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren Mays
- Darren Mays and Kenneth P. Tercyak are with the Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, and Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC
| | - Kenneth P Tercyak
- Darren Mays and Kenneth P. Tercyak are with the Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, and Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC
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Bowman DM, Lewis RC, Lee MS, Yao CJ. The Growing Public Health Challenges of Exposure to Ultraviolet Radiation From Use of Indoor Tanning Devices in the United States. New Solut 2015; 25:164-71. [PMID: 25995373 DOI: 10.1177/1048291115586416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Ultraviolet radiation is recognized as a human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, the world's authority on cancer research. In particular, exposure to ultraviolet radiation can lead to melanoma of the skin, which is the deadliest form of skin cancer in the United States. Yet despite the significant public health burden that is associated with skin cancer in the United States, each year over a million Americans engage in indoor tanning where exposure to artificial ultraviolet radiation occurs. In this article, we argue for an immediate ban on the use of commercial indoor tanning by minors and, based on international precedents, the phasing out of all commercial tanning operations in the United States. We consider the use of indoor tanning devices in the United States, epidemiological data on indoor tanning devices and cancer, regulation of tanning devices, and scientific evidence for increased government intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana M Bowman
- Department of Health Management & Policy, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA Risk Science Center, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ryan C Lewis
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Maximilian S Lee
- Department of Health Management & Policy, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Catherine J Yao
- Department of Health Management & Policy, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA University of Michigan Law School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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171
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172
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Boniol M, Doré JF, Greinert R, Gandini S, Cesarini JP. Re: Exposure to indoor tanning without burning and melanoma risk by sunburn history. J Natl Cancer Inst 2015; 107. [PMID: 25868156 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djv102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Guy GP, Berkowitz Z, Everett Jones S, Holman DM, Garnett E, Watson M. Trends in indoor tanning among US high school students, 2009-2013. JAMA Dermatol 2015; 151:448-50. [PMID: 25535810 PMCID: PMC4591531 DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2014.4677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gery P Guy
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Zahava Berkowitz
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sherry Everett Jones
- Division of Adolescent and School Health, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Dawn M Holman
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Erin Garnett
- Advanced Technology Logistics, Inc, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Meg Watson
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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174
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175
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McWhirter JE, Hoffman-Goetz L. Coverage of skin cancer and recreational tanning in North American magazines before and after the landmark 2006 International Agency for Research on Cancer report. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:169. [PMID: 25884779 PMCID: PMC4342877 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-1511-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin cancer is an increasingly important global public health problem. Mass media is a key source of skin cancer information. We examined how media coverage of skin cancer has changed over time as a consequence of the release of a key public health report from the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) in 2006, which linked ultraviolet (UV) radiation from indoor tanning and skin cancer. METHODS A directed content analysis of skin cancer and tanning coverage in 29 popular North American magazines (2001-2012) examined reporting of skin cancer risk factors, UV behaviors, and early detection in article text (n = 761) and images (n = 1267). Chi-square and correlational analyses were used determine whether coverage changed in relation to the 2006 IARC report. RESULTS The total volume of articles about skin cancer and tanning increased modestly after the IARC report (χ (2) = 4.57, df = 1, p < .05); however, key IARC report messages (e.g., avoid indoor tanning, UV as a risk factor) were no more likely to be reported after compared to before the report. There were virtually no changes in the percentage of coverage for both risk factors and early detection information over time. There were some changes in the percentage of coverage about UV behaviors after the IARC report, but these variables were not directly related to the report. Magazines were more likely to encourage sunscreen use (χ (2) = 11.55, df = 1, p < .01) and less likely to promote the tanned look as attractive (χ (2) = 9.72, df = 1, p < .01) after the IARC report. It also became less common for magazines to promote sun avoidance (χ (2) = 6.82, df = 1, p < .01) and use of sunless tanners (χ (2) = 7.46, df = 1, p < .01) after the report. CONCLUSIONS Despite a modest increase in volume of coverage post-IARC report, key messages from the report were not taken up by the media. While there have been some improvements in magazine reporting, there is a need for more effective dissemination of public health messages about skin cancer and tanning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E McWhirter
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue W, Ontario, Canada, N2L 3G1.
| | - Laurie Hoffman-Goetz
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue W, Ontario, Canada, N2L 3G1.
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176
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Seidenberg AB, Mahalingam-Dhingra A, Weinstock MA, Sinclair C, Geller AC. Youth indoor tanning and skin cancer prevention: lessons from tobacco control. Am J Prev Med 2015; 48:188-194. [PMID: 25442227 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2014.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Youth use of ultraviolet-emitting indoor tanning beds represents a present and emerging public health crisis. Nearly 30% of white female high school students report tanning indoors, and a quarter of high school tanners have used a tanning bed more than 20 times in the past year. Despite the significant health risks of tanning beds, including potentially deadly melanoma and eye problems, limited actions have been taken in the U.S. to protect youth. Tobacco control policies and campaigns, which have sharply reduced youth smoking, may provide a useful framework to control indoor tanning among young people. This article describes several evidence-based tobacco control strategies with potential applicability to indoor tanning within the context of the U.S. Further, current tobacco control policies and current indoor tanning policies in the U.S. are compared, and recommendations on how to curtail youth indoor tanning are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew B Seidenberg
- Department of Social & Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Martin A Weinstock
- Dermatoepidemiology Unit, Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Department of Dermatology, Rhode Island Hospital; Departments of Dermatology and Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, U.S
| | - Craig Sinclair
- Cancer Prevention Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alan C Geller
- Department of Social & Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts.
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177
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Reed DD. Ultra-violet indoor tanning addiction: a reinforcer pathology interpretation. Addict Behav 2015; 41:247-51. [PMID: 25452072 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Ultra-violet indoor tanning (UVIT) is a pervasive issue that is increasing at record rates, despite obvious and well-publicized links to skin cancer. Recent studies on UVIT have found that frequent users face difficulty quitting and report symptomatology similar to substance-related disorders, causing the medical field to begin classifying excessive UVIT use as an addicting behavior. Despite calls for research, relatively little behavioral research has been aimed at determining the psychology of UVIT. This mini-review reinterprets the existing dermatology literature in light of the reinforcer pathology model of addiction. The relevancy of this model, in conjunction with the similarities between UVIT addiction and other substance-related addiction, suggests that behavioral economic research on UVIT is overdue. This mini-review concludes with directions for future research in this area.
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178
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Quinn M, Alamian A, Hillhouse J, Scott C, Turrisi R, Baker K. Prevalence and Correlates of Indoor Tanning and Sunless Tanning Product Use among Female Teens in the United States. Prev Med Rep 2015; 2:40-43. [PMID: 25621199 PMCID: PMC4302332 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indoor tanning (IT) before the age of 35 increases melanoma risk by 75%. Nevertheless, IT and sunless tanning product (STP) use have gained popularity among youth. However, there are limited data on the prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of both IT and STP use in a representative sample of American teens. METHODS Teenage females (N=778) aged 12-18 years were recruited as part of an on-going longitudinal study conducted between May 2011 and May 2013. Descriptive statistics explored IT and STP usage in teen females at baseline. Logistic regression was used to determine sociodemographic correlates of IT and STP use. RESULTS Approximately 16% of female teens engaged in IT behavior and 25% engaged in using STPs. Female teens living in non-metropolitan areas were 82% more likely to indoor tan compared to those in metropolitan areas (OR=1.82, 95% CI:1.07-3.10). Age, geographic regions, and race increased the likelihood of IT and STP use. CONCLUSIONS Results indicate a significant proportion of teen females engage in IT and STP use. There was evidence that in teens that have never used IT before, STP use precedes IT initiation. Given the evidence for increased IT in rural populations, research focused on rural tanning bed use is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Quinn
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Arsham Alamian
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Joel Hillhouse
- Department of Community and Behavioral Health, College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Colleen Scott
- Department of Community and Behavioral Health, College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Rob Turrisi
- Prevention Research Center and Department of Biobehavioral Health, College of Health and Human Development, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United
| | - Katie Baker
- Department of Community and Behavioral Health, College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
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179
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Ernst A, Grimm A, Lim HW. Tanning lamps: Health effects and reclassification by the Food and Drug Administration. J Am Acad Dermatol 2015; 72:175-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2014.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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180
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Mayer JE, Swetter SM, Fu T, Geller AC. Screening, early detection, education, and trends for melanoma: current status (2007-2013) and future directions: Part I. Epidemiology, high-risk groups, clinical strategies, and diagnostic technology. J Am Acad Dermatol 2014; 71:599.e1-599.e12; quiz 610, 599.e12. [PMID: 25219716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2014.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
While most cancers have shown both decreased incidence and mortality over the past several decades, the incidence of melanoma has continued to grow, and mortality has only recently stabilized in the United States and in many other countries. Certain populations, such as men >60 years of age and lower socioeconomic status groups, face a greater burden from disease. For any given stage and across all ages, men have shown worse melanoma survival than women, and low socioeconomic status groups have increased levels of mortality. Novel risk factors can help identify populations at greatest risk for melanoma and can aid in targeted early detection. Risk assessment tools have been created to identify high-risk patients based on various factors, and these tools can reduce the number of patients needed to screen for melanoma detection. Diagnostic techniques, such as dermatoscopy and total body photography, and new technologies, such as multispectral imaging, may increase the accuracy and reliability of early melanoma detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan E Mayer
- Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Susan M Swetter
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, Redwood City, California; Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California
| | - Teresa Fu
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, Redwood City, California
| | - Alan C Geller
- Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
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181
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Arteaga CL, Adamson PC, Engelman JA, Foti M, Gaynor RB, Hilsenbeck SG, Limburg PJ, Lowe SW, Mardis ER, Ramsey S, Rebbeck TR, Richardson AL, Rubin EH, Weiner GJ. AACR Cancer Progress Report 2014. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:S1-S112. [PMID: 25228531 PMCID: PMC4666597 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-2123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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182
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Boyers L, Karimkhani C, Crane LA, Asdigian N, Hollonds A, Dellavalle RP. Buying indoor tanning with university debit cards. J Am Acad Dermatol 2014; 71:199-201. [PMID: 24947697 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2014.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Boyers
- Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC
| | - Chante Karimkhani
- Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Lori A Crane
- Department of Community and Behavioral Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Nancy Asdigian
- Department of Community and Behavioral Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Adrienn Hollonds
- Department of Community and Behavioral Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Robert P Dellavalle
- Department of Community and Behavioral Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Dermatology Service, Eastern Colorado Health Care System, US Department of Veteran Affairs, Denver, Colorado.
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183
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Deady S, Sharp L, Comber H. Increasing skin cancer incidence in young, affluent, urban populations: a challenge for prevention. Br J Dermatol 2014; 171:324-31. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.12988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Deady
- National Cancer Registry; Building 6800 Cork Airport Business Park Kinsale Road Cork Ireland
| | - L. Sharp
- National Cancer Registry; Building 6800 Cork Airport Business Park Kinsale Road Cork Ireland
| | - H. Comber
- National Cancer Registry; Building 6800 Cork Airport Business Park Kinsale Road Cork Ireland
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184
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Wehner MR, Chren MM, Shive ML, Resneck JS, Pagoto S, Seidenberg AB, Linos E. Twitter: an opportunity for public health campaigns. Lancet 2014; 384:131-2. [PMID: 25016994 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(14)61161-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie R Wehner
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0808, USA; School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mary-Margaret Chren
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0808, USA
| | - Melissa L Shive
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jack S Resneck
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0808, USA; Department of Dermatology and Philip R Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sherry Pagoto
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Andrew B Seidenberg
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eleni Linos
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0808, USA.
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185
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Karagas MR, Zens MS, Li Z, Stukel TA, Perry AE, Gilbert-Diamond D, Sayarath V, Stephenson RS, Barton D, Nelson HH, Spencer SK. Early-onset basal cell carcinoma and indoor tanning: a population-based study. Pediatrics 2014; 134:e4-12. [PMID: 24958589 PMCID: PMC4067637 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2013-3559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Indoor tanning with UV radiation-emitting lamps is common among adolescents and young adults. Rising incidence rates of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) have been reported for the United States and elsewhere, particularly among those diagnosed at younger ages. Recent epidemiologic studies have raised concerns that indoor tanning may be contributing to early occurrence of BCC, and younger people may be especially vulnerable to cancer risk associated with this exposure. Therefore, we sought to address these issues in a population-based case-control study from New Hampshire. METHODS Data on indoor tanning were obtained on 657 cases of BCC and 452 controls ≤50 years of age. RESULTS Early-onset BCC was related to indoor tanning, with an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 1.6 (95% confidence interval, 1.3-2.1). The strongest association was observed for first exposure as an adolescent or young adult, with a 10% increase in the OR with each age younger at first exposure (OR per year of age ≤23 = 1.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.0-1.2). Associations were present for each type of device examined (ie, sunlamps, tanning beds, and tanning booths). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest early exposure to indoor tanning increases the risk of early development of BCC. They also underscore the importance of counseling adolescents and young adults about the risks of indoor tanning and for discouraging parents from consenting minors to this practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret R Karagas
- Children's Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research Center at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire;Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, New Hampshire;
| | - M Scot Zens
- Children's Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research Center at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire;Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Zhigang Li
- Children's Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research Center at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire;Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Therese A Stukel
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ann E Perry
- Department of Pathology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire; and
| | - Diane Gilbert-Diamond
- Children's Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research Center at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire;Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Vicki Sayarath
- Children's Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research Center at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire;Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Rita S Stephenson
- Children's Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research Center at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire;Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Dorothea Barton
- Department of Pathology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire; and
| | - Heather H Nelson
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Steven K Spencer
- Department of Pathology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire; and
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186
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Amaro-Ortiz A, Yan B, D'Orazio JA. Ultraviolet radiation, aging and the skin: prevention of damage by topical cAMP manipulation. Molecules 2014; 19:6202-19. [PMID: 24838074 PMCID: PMC4344124 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19056202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Being the largest and most visible organ of the body and heavily influenced by environmental factors, skin is ideal to study the long-term effects of aging. Throughout our lifetime, we accumulate damage generated by UV radiation. UV causes inflammation, immune changes, physical changes, impaired wound healing and DNA damage that promotes cellular senescence and carcinogenesis. Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer and among the malignancies of highest increasing incidence over the last several decades. Melanoma incidence is directly related to age, with highest rates in individuals over the age of 55 years, making it a clear age-related disease. In this review, we will focus on UV-induced carcinogenesis and photo aging along with natural protective mechanisms that reduce amount of “realized” solar radiation dose and UV-induced injury. We will focus on the theoretical use of forskolin, a plant-derived pharmacologically active compound to protect the skin against UV injury and prevent aging symptoms by up-regulating melanin production. We will discuss its use as a topically-applied root-derived formulation of the Plectranthus barbatus (Coleus forskolii) plant that grows naturally in Asia and that has long been used in various Aryuvedic teas and therapeutic preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Amaro-Ortiz
- The Graduate Center for Toxicology, the Markey Cancer Center and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Betty Yan
- The Graduate Center for Toxicology, the Markey Cancer Center and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - John A D'Orazio
- The Graduate Center for Toxicology, the Markey Cancer Center and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
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