151
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Fan JC, Shang ZC, Liang J, Liu XH, Liu Y. The oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes and ketones withN-bromosuccinimide in polyethylene glycol: an experimental and theoretical study. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.1404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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152
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Neaţu F, Li Z, Richards R, Toullec P, Genêt JP, Dumbuya K, Gottfried J, Steinrück HP, Pârvulescu V, Michelet V. Heterogeneous Gold Catalysts for Efficient Access to Functionalized Lactones. Chemistry 2008; 14:9412-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200801327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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153
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Kon Y, Yazawa H, Usui Y, Sato K. Chemoselective Oxidation of Alcohols by a H2O2-Pt Black System under Organic Solvent- and Halide-Free Conditions. Chem Asian J 2008; 3:1642-8. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.200800156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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154
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Zhan G, Zhao L, Hu S, Gan W, Yu Y, Tang X. A novel biobased resin-epoxidized soybean oil modified cyanate ester. POLYM ENG SCI 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.21096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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155
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Zhang YHP. Reviving the carbohydrate economy via multi-product lignocellulose biorefineries. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2008; 35:367-375. [PMID: 18180967 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-007-0293-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2007] [Accepted: 12/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Before the industrial revolution, the global economy was largely based on living carbon from plants. Now the economy is mainly dependent on fossil fuels (dead carbon). Biomass is the only sustainable bioresource that can provide sufficient transportation fuels and renewable materials at the same time. Cellulosic ethanol production from less costly and most abundant lignocellulose is confronted with three main obstacles: (1) high processing costs (dollars /gallon of ethanol), (2) huge capital investment (dollars approximately 4-10/gallon of annual ethanol production capacity), and (3) a narrow margin between feedstock and product prices. Both lignocellulose fractionation technology and effective co-utilization of acetic acid, lignin and hemicellulose will be vital to the realization of profitable lignocellulose biorefineries, since co-product revenues would increase the margin up to 6.2-fold, where all purified lignocellulose co-components have higher selling prices (> approximately 1.0/kg) than ethanol ( approximately 0.5/kg of ethanol). Isolation of large amounts of lignocellulose components through lignocellulose fractionation would stimulate R&D in lignin and hemicellulose applications, as well as promote new markets for lignin- and hemicellulose-derivative products. Lignocellulose resource would be sufficient to replace significant fractionations (e.g., 30%) of transportation fuels through liquid biofuels, internal combustion engines in the short term, and would provide 100% transportation fuels by sugar-hydrogen-fuel cell systems in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-H Percival Zhang
- Biological Systems Engineering Department, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
- Institute for Critical Technology and Applied Science (ICTAS), Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
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156
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Organometallic catalysts in synthetic organic chemistry: From reactions in aqueous media to gold catalysis. PURE APPL CHEM 2008. [DOI: 10.1351/pac200880050831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Water has attracted significant attention as an alternative solvent for transition-metal-catalyzed reactions. The use of water as solvent allows simplified procedures for separation of the catalyst from the products and recycling of the catalyst. Water is an inexpensive reagent for the formation of oxygen-containing products such as alcohols. The use of water as a medium for promoting organometallic and organic reactions is also of great potential. This chapter will focus on old and recent developments in the design and applications of some catalytic reactions using aqueous-phase Pd, Rh, Pt, and Au complexes.
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157
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Christensen CH, Rass-Hansen J, Marsden CC, Taarning E, Egeblad K. The renewable chemicals industry. CHEMSUSCHEM 2008; 1:283-289. [PMID: 18605090 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.200700168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The possibilities for establishing a renewable chemicals industry featuring renewable resources as the dominant feedstock rather than fossil resources are discussed in this Concept. Such use of biomass can potentially be interesting from both an economical and ecological perspective. Simple and educational tools are introduced to allow initial estimates of which chemical processes could be viable. Specifically, fossil and renewables value chains are used to indicate where renewable feedstocks can be optimally valorized. Additionally, C factors are introduced that specify the amount of CO2 produced per kilogram of desired product to illustrate in which processes the use of renewable resources lead to the most substantial reduction of CO2 emissions. The steps towards a renewable chemicals industry will most likely involve intimate integration of biocatalytic and conventional catalytic processes to arrive at cost-competitive and environmentally friendly processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claus Hviid Christensen
- Center for Sustainable and Green Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark.
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158
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Huang J, Zhang X, Armstrong D. Highly Efficient Asymmetric Direct Stoichiometric Aldol Reactions on/in Water. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:9073-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200703606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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159
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Huang J, Zhang X, Armstrong D. Highly Efficient Asymmetric Direct Stoichiometric Aldol Reactions on/in Water. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200703606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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160
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Wu XL, Wang GW. Aminochlorination in Water: First Brønsted Acid-Promoted Synthesis of Vicinal Chloramines. J Org Chem 2007; 72:9398-401. [DOI: 10.1021/jo701957t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Liang Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Joint Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Guan-Wu Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Joint Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
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161
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Awards of the GDCh at the Wissenschaftsforum. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200703662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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162
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Preise der GDCh auf dem Wissenschaftsforum. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200703662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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163
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Bere KE, Wakui Y, Niwa SI, Shoji H, Sato K, Hamakawa S, Hanaoka T, Suzuki TM, Mizukami F. Direct O2Epoxidation of Propylene by the Membrane Reactor Loaded with Ag–Sr Catalyst. CHEM LETT 2007. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2007.1170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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164
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Kon Y, Usui Y, Sato K. Oxidation of allylic alcohols to alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl compounds with aqueous hydrogen peroxide under organic solvent-free conditions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2007:4399-400. [PMID: 17957299 DOI: 10.1039/b708612a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Allylic alcohols are chemoselectively oxidized to alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl compounds in high yield with aqueous H(2)O(2) in the presence of Pt black catalyst under organic solvent-free conditions. The catalyst is easily recyclable and effective for at least 7 cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Kon
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba Central 5 Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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165
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Minakata S, Hotta T, Oderaotoshi Y, Komatsu M. Ring opening and expansion of aziridines in a silica-water reaction medium. J Org Chem 2007; 71:7471-2. [PMID: 16958545 DOI: 10.1021/jo061239m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ring-opening reactions of N-tosylaziridines with water-soluble nucleophiles proceeded in a silica-water reaction medium. The system is applicable to a ring expansion of an aziridine with potassium thiocyanate, leading to a thiazolidine derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Minakata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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166
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Peng YY, Liu H, Cui M, Cheng JP. L-Prolinamide Catalyzed Aqueous Direct Aldol Reaction: an Environment-friendly Method for the Synthesis of β-Hydroxylketones. CHINESE J CHEM 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.200790187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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167
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Ranke J, Stolte S, Störmann R, Arning J, Jastorff B. Design of Sustainable Chemical ProductsThe Example of Ionic Liquids. Chem Rev 2007; 107:2183-206. [PMID: 17564479 DOI: 10.1021/cr050942s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 459] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Ranke
- Center for Environmental Research and Technology, Universität Bremen, Leobener Strasse, D-28359 Bremen, Germany.
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168
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González-Cruz D, Tejedor D, de Armas P, García-Tellado F. Dual Reactivity Pattern of Allenolates “On Water”: The Chemical Basis for Efficient Allenolate-Driven Organocatalytic Systems. Chemistry 2007; 13:4823-32. [PMID: 17450516 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200700227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A study of the reactivity pattern associated with zwitterionic allenolates "on water" is reported. This study establishes the chemical basis for two organocatalyzed allenolate-driven reaction networks operating "on water". The first one is a chemodifferentiating three building block (ABB') three-component reaction (ABB' 3CR) manifold comprising terminal alkynoates and aldehydes. The manifold produces propargylic enol ethers 3 with higher average efficiency than their homologues in organic solvents. The second one is a novel organocatalytic system elicited by the reaction of alkynoates and nitrones in the presence of tertiary amines or phosphines. While terminal alkynoates afford 2,3,5-trisubstituted 2,3-dihydroisoxazoles 5 and propargylic N-hydroxylamines 6, internal alkynoates selectively afford the 2,3,4,5-tetrasusbstituted 2,3-dihydroisoxazaole 10. Importantly, in both cases, the 2,3-dihydroisoxazole ring is obtained as a sole regioisomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- David González-Cruz
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife Canary Islands, Spain
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169
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Narender M, Reddy M, Nageswar Y, Rao K. Highly Regioselective C(3) Opening of an Aromatic 2,3-Epoxy Alcohol with Sodium Phenoxides or Thiophenoxides (=Benzenethiolates) Supported byβ-Cyclodextrin in Water. Helv Chim Acta 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.200790109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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170
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Kumar MA, Babu MS, Srinivasulu K, Kiran Y, Reddy CS. Polyethylene glycol in water: A simple and environment friendly media for Strecker reaction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2006.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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171
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Pokutsa A, Le Bras J, Muzart J. Benign homogeneous catalytic oxidation of cyclohexane promoted with glyoxal. KINETICS AND CATALYSIS 2007. [DOI: 10.1134/s0023158407010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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172
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Olsson A, Lindström M, Iversen T. Lipase-Catalyzed Synthesis of an Epoxy-Functionalized Polyester from the Suberin Monomer cis-9,10-Epoxy-18-hydroxyoctadecanoic Acid. Biomacromolecules 2007; 8:757-60. [PMID: 17243765 DOI: 10.1021/bm060965w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ann Olsson
- STFI-Packforsk AB, Box 5604, SE-114 86 Stockholm, Sweden
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173
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Lligadas G, Ronda JC, Galià M, Cádiz V. Poly(ether urethane) Networks from Renewable Resources as Candidate Biomaterials: Synthesis and Characterization. Biomacromolecules 2007; 8:686-92. [PMID: 17291093 DOI: 10.1021/bm060977h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of poly(ether urethane) networks were synthesized from epoxidized methyl-oleate-based polyether polyol and 1,3-propandiol using l-lysine diisocyanate as a nontoxic coupling agent. Polyurethanes with different hard segment contents were prepared to tune the final properties of the materials. The polyurethanes were fully chemically and physically characterized, including water uptake and in vitro hydrolytic degradation measurements. The weight loss of the polyurethanes was traced, and the changes in the surface morphology with the degradation time were examined by scanning electron microscopy. The experimental results revealed that the hard segment content is the main factor that controls the physical, mechanical, and degradation properties of these polymers. The observed diversity in material properties suggests that these polyurethanes may be useful for a wide range of biomedical polymer applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Lligadas
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus Sescelades, Marcellí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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174
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Meier MAR, Metzger JO, Schubert US. Plant oil renewable resources as green alternatives in polymer science. Chem Soc Rev 2007; 36:1788-802. [DOI: 10.1039/b703294c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1143] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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175
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Villandier N, Adam I, Jérôme F, Barrault J, Pierre R, Bouchu A, Fitremann J, Queneau Y. Selective synthesis of amphiphilic hydroxyalkylethers of disaccharides over solid basic catalysts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2006.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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176
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John G, Vemula PK. Design and development of soft nanomaterials from biobased amphiphiles. SOFT MATTER 2006; 2:909-914. [PMID: 32680178 DOI: 10.1039/b609422h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Design and development of different forms of soft matter from renewable (biomass) feedstocks is gaining attention in current research. This highlight summarizes our continuing efforts towards the effective utilization of renewable resources for new chemicals, fuels and soft materials, and selected successful stories in that direction. Cashew nut shell liquid, an industrial by-product, was used as a raw material to synthesize aryl glycolipids which upon self-assembly generated an array of soft materials such as lipid nanotubes, twisted/helical nanofibers, low-molecular-weight hydro/organogels and liquid crystals. These soft architectures were fully characterized by using different techniques. In another example, amygdalin, a by-product of the apricot industry, was used to develop novel amphiphiles, which showed unprecedented gelation properties in a wide range of solvents. To take these soft nanomaterials to a second level, we successfully demonstrated the utility of these hydrogels as drug delivery vehicles. Intriguingly, enzyme catalysis was used as a tool to make and break the hydrogels, which apparently triggered controlled drug delivery. We believe these results and this highlight will motivate us and others in the field of biobased materials research, green chemistry and soft material development through self-assembly processes, to design and develop new functional materials from plant/crop-based renewable resources, otherwise underutilized.
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Affiliation(s)
- George John
- Department of Chemistry, The City College of New York, and The Graduate School and University Center of The City University of New York, New York, NY 10031.
| | - Praveen Kumar Vemula
- Department of Chemistry, The City College of New York, and The Graduate School and University Center of The City University of New York, New York, NY 10031.
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177
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Influence of salts on the dehydration of several biomass-derived polyols in sub- and supercritical water. J Supercrit Fluids 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2005.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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178
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A route to 1,2-diols by enantioselective organocatalytic α-oxidation with molecular oxygen. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.04.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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179
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Vemula PK, Li J, John G. Enzyme Catalysis: Tool to Make and Break Amygdalin Hydrogelators from Renewable Resources: A Delivery Model for Hydrophobic Drugs. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:8932-8. [PMID: 16819889 DOI: 10.1021/ja062650u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report a novel approach for the controlled delivery of an antiinflammatory, chemopreventive drug by an enzyme-triggered drug release mechanism via the degradation of encapsulated hydrogels. The hydro- and organogelators are synthesized in high yields from renewable resources by using regioselective enzyme catalysis, and a known chemopreventive and antiinflammatory drug, i.e., curcumin, is used for the model study. The release of the drug occurred at physiological temperature, and control of the drug release rate is achieved by manipulating the enzyme concentration and/or temperature. The byproducts formed after the gel degradation were characterized and clearly demonstrated the site specificity of degradation of the gelator by enzyme catalysis. The present approach could have applications in developing cost-effective controlled drug delivery vehicles from renewable resources, with a potential impact on pharmaceutical research and molecular design and delivery strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Kumar Vemula
- Department of Chemistry, The City College of New York, and The Graduate School and University Center of The City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, USA
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180
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Surendra K, Krishnaveni NS, Sridhar R, Rao KR. Synthesis of β-Hydroxysulfides from Alkenes under Supramolecular Catalysis in the Presence of β-Cyclodextrin in Water. J Org Chem 2006; 71:5819-21. [PMID: 16839175 DOI: 10.1021/jo060805a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An environmentally benign and highly efficient procedure has been developed for the direct one-pot synthesis of beta-hydroxysulfides in good yields under neutral conditions from alkenes and thiophenols in the presence of aerial oxygen using beta-cyclodextrin in water. This protocol tolerates a wide variety of functional groups or substrates and does not require the use of either acid or base catalysts. beta-Cyclodextrin can be recovered and reused for a number of runs without any loss of activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Surendra
- Organic Chemistry Division-I, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India
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181
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Tranchant MJ, Moine C, Othman RB, Bousquet T, Othman M, Dalla V. Eco-friendly N-acyliminium ion chemistry: solvent-free HNTf2 and TIPSOTf-catalyzed α-amidoalkylation of silicon-based π-nucleophiles. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.04.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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182
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Abstract
[reaction: see text] We describe solvent-free reactions for the synthesis of hypervalent iodine reagents and their use in solid-state reactions. Improved yields and higher purities of the products are observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mekhman S Yusubov
- Department of Chemistry, Siberian State Medical University, Moskovski trakt, 2, 634050 Tomsk, Russia.
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183
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Lenoir D. Selective Oxidation of Organic Compounds—Sustainable Catalytic Reactions with Oxygen and without Transition Metals? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006; 45:3206-10. [PMID: 16676372 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200502702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Lenoir
- Institut für Okologische Chemie, GSF-Forschungszentrum für Umwelt und Gesundheit, Postfach 1129, 85778 Neuherberg bei München, Germany.
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184
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Lenoir D. Selektive Oxidation von organischen Verbindungen – nachhaltige katalytische Reaktionen mit Sauerstoff ohne Übergangsmetalle? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200502702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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185
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Metzger JO, Bornscheuer U. Lipids as renewable resources: current state of chemical and biotechnological conversion and diversification. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2006; 71:13-22. [PMID: 16604360 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-006-0335-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2005] [Revised: 01/11/2006] [Accepted: 01/11/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Oils and fats are the most important renewable raw materials of the chemical industry. They make available fatty acids in such purity that they may be used for chemical conversions and for the synthesis of chemically pure compounds. Oleic acid (1) from "new sunflower," linoleic acid (2) from soybean, linolenic acid (3) from linseed, erucic acid (4) from rape seed, and ricinoleic acid (5) from castor oil are most important for chemical transformations offering in addition to the carboxy group one or more C-C-double bonds. New plant oils containing fatty acids with new and interesting functionalities such as petroselinic acid (6) from Coriandrum sativum, calendic acid (7) from Calendula officinalis, alpha-eleostearic acid (8) from tung oil, santalbic acid (9) from Santalum album (Linn.), and vernolic acid (10) from Vernonia galamensis are becoming industrially available. The basic oleochemicals are free fatty acids, methyl esters, fatty alcohols, and fatty amines as well as glycerol as a by-product. Their interesting new industrial applications are the usage as environmentally friendly industrial fluids and lubricants, insulating fluid for electric utilities such as transformers and additive to asphalt. Modern methods of synthetic organic chemistry including enzymatic and microbial transformations were applied extensively to fatty compounds for the selective functionalization of the alkyl chain. Syntheses of long-chain diacids, omega-hydroxy fatty acids, and omega-unsaturated fatty acids as base chemicals derived from vegetable oils were developed. Interesting applications were opened by the epoxidation of C-C-double bonds giving the possibility of photochemically initiated cationic curing and access to polyetherpolyols. Enantiomerically pure fatty acids as part of the chiral pool of nature can be used for the synthesis of nonracemic building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- J O Metzger
- Institut für Reine und Angewandte Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Postfach 2503, 26111, Oldenburg, Germany.
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186
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Srilakshmi Krishnaveni N, Surendra K, Rama Rao K. C-3 Selective Ring Opening of 2,3-Aziridino Alcohols and their Derivatives with Nucleophiles in the Presence of β-Cyclodextrin in Water. Adv Synth Catal 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200505391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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187
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Surendra K, Krishnaveni NS, Sridhar R, Rao KR. β-Cyclodextrin promoted aza-Michael addition of amines to conjugated alkenes in water. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.01.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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188
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Surendra K, Krishnaveni NS, Mahesh A, Rao KR. Supramolecular Catalysis of Strecker Reaction in Water under Neutral Conditions in the Presence of β-Cyclodextrin. J Org Chem 2006; 71:2532-4. [PMID: 16526812 DOI: 10.1021/jo052510n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An environmentally benign and highly efficient procedure for the nucleophilic addition of trimethylsilyl cyanide to imines (Strecker reaction) has been developed under biomimetic conditions in water in the presence of beta-cyclodextrin to afford alpha-aminonitriles in quantitative yields. The use of cyclodextrin precludes the use of either acid or base, and the catalyst can be recycled a number of times without loss in activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Surendra
- Organic Chemistry Division-I, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500 007, India
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189
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Sundén H, Engqvist M, Casas J, Ibrahem I, Córdova A. Direct amino acid catalyzed asymmetric alpha oxidation of ketones with molecular oxygen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006; 43:6532-5. [PMID: 15578761 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200460295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Sundén
- Department of Organic Chemistry, The Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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190
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen O Metzger
- Institut für Reine und Angewandte Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Postfach 2503, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany.
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191
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192
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Fan XS, Li YZ, Zhang XY, Qu GR, Wang JJ, Hu XY. An efficient and green synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives through multi-component reaction in ionic liquid. HETEROATOM CHEMISTRY 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/hc.20221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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193
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Kamal A, Reddy DR, Rajendar. A simple and green procedure for the conjugate addition of thiols to conjugated alkenes employing polyethylene glycol (PEG) as an efficient recyclable medium. Tetrahedron Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.09.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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194
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Pocutsa AP, Le Bras J, Muzart J. Glyoxal-promoted homogeneous catalytic oxygenation of cyclohexane with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of V and Co compounds. Russ Chem Bull 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-005-0253-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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195
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Hafrén J, Córdova A. Direct Organocatalytic Polymerization from Cellulose Fibers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200400470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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196
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Eren T, Kusefoglu SH. Synthesis and polymerization of the acrylamide derivatives of fatty compounds. J Appl Polym Sci 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/app.21942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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197
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Lligadas G, Ronda JC, Galià M, Biermann U, Metzger JO. Synthesis and characterization of polyurethanes from epoxidized methyl oleate based polyether polyols as renewable resources. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.21201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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198
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Kharchafi G, Jérôme F, Adam I, Pouilloux Y, Barrault J. Design of well balanced hydrophilic–lipophilic catalytic surfaces for the direct and selective monoesterification of various polyols. NEW J CHEM 2005. [DOI: 10.1039/b418509a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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199
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Krishnaveni NS, Surendra K, Rao KR. Study of the Michael addition of β-cyclodextrin–thiol complexes to conjugated alkenes in water. Chem Commun (Camb) 2005:669-71. [PMID: 15672172 DOI: 10.1039/b411736k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An environmentally benign and highly efficient supramolecular Michael addition of thiols from the secondary side of beta-cyclodextrin to alpha,beta-unsaturated compounds at the primary side in water is described in quantitative yields; products of undesirable side reactions resulting from polymerization are not observed; the use of cyclodextrin precludes the use of either acid or base and the catalyst can be recovered and reused.
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200
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Sundén H, Engqvist M, Casas J, Ibrahem I, Córdova A. Direct Amino Acid Catalyzed Asymmetric α Oxidation of Ketones with Molecular Oxygen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200460295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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