1
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Murtaza MR, Hongzhong F, Magdalena R, Javed H, Ileana SC. Nexus of green energy, financial inclusion, militarization, and environmental sustainability: A global perspective. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301122. [PMID: 38758933 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
This article investigates the dynamic impact of green energy consumption (GE), financial inclusion (FI), and military spending (MS) on environmental sustainability (ES) by utilizing a sample of 121 countries from 2003 to 2022. The dataset is divided into high-income, upper-middle income and low and lower-middle-income countries. We employed a two-step system GMM approach, which was further robust through panel Quantile and Driscoll-Kraay (D-K) regressions. The findings divulged that green energy resources benefit ES at global and all income levels because of having a significant negative impact of 5.9% on ecological footprints. At the same time, FI and MS significantly enhance ecological footprints by 7% and 6.9%, respectively, proving these factors detrimental to ES. Moreover, conflicts (CON), terrorism (TM), institutional quality (IQ), and socioeconomic conditions (SEC) also have a significantly positive association with global ecological footprints and most of the income level groups. Dissimilarly, financial inclusion and armed conflicts have a non-significant influence on ecological footprints in low-income and high-income countries, respectively. Furthermore, institutional quality enhances ES in upper-middle and low and lower-middle-income countries by negatively affecting ecological footprints. At the same time, terrorism significantly reduces ecological footprints in high-income countries. This research also provides the imperative policy inferences to accomplish various SDGs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fan Hongzhong
- School of Economics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Radulescu Magdalena
- Department of Finance, Accounting, and Economics, National University of Science and Technology, Politehnica Bucharest, Pitesti Regional Center, Pitești, Romania
- Institute of Doctoral and Post-Doctoral Studies, University Lucian Blaga of Sibiu, Sibiu, Romania
| | - Haseeb Javed
- School of Business Administration, Budapest Metropolitan University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sinisi Crenguta Ileana
- School of Management, Valahia University of Târgoviște, Târgoviște, Romania
- Selinus University of Science and Literature, Bolonga, Italy
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2
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Liao W. How does the digital economy affect the development of the green economy? Evidence from Chinese cities. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289826. [PMID: 37561718 PMCID: PMC10414653 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The digital economy may accelerate the upgrading of industrial structures and boost regional innovation output, effectively contributing to China's green economic transformation. The impact of the digital economy on developing the urban green economy is analyzed using data from 280 cities across China from 2010-2019. Using a fixed-effects model and the Spatial Durbin model, the digital economy is found to have a significant impact on urban green economy development. This result is shown to be robust to various factors. There is significant regional variability in the impact of the digital economy on green economic growth, with the strongest impact in the northeast, followed by the central and western regions. Meanwhile, non-resource-based cities and policy pilot cities have a more pronounced role in promoting the digital economy. The intermediate transmission chain of industrial structural upgrading and regional innovation output fosters the growth of the urban green economy via the digital economy. Regional innovation production is responsible for 30.848% of this growth, with the intermediate effect of industrial structural upgrading contributing to 38.155%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Liao
- Key Analysis Laboratory of Big Data Statistics, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang, China
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3
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Liu H, Yao P, Latif S, Aslam S, Iqbal N. Impact of Green financing, FinTech, and financial inclusion on energy efficiency. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:18955-18966. [PMID: 34705207 PMCID: PMC8548854 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16949-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In modern times, enhancing energy efficiency is one of the core agenda items for the economies to progress the world. United Nations general assembly has recommended increasing energy efficiency by considering the SDG-7 guidelines. In the contemporary period, E7 economies are deficient in producing the financial resources to ensure the availability of funds for the acquisition of energy efficiency. COVID-19 crises, lack of resilience in economies, devastating fiscal burdens, and tight monetary conditions of E7 economies are the major barriers. To resolve such issues, some innovative financing techniques, such as green financing, financial inclusion, and FinTech, were suggested to investigate. However, this research tested the empirical role of financial inclusion, green financing, and FinTech on the energy efficiency of E7 economies. Study findings have shown a significant role of such financing techniques on energy efficiency. Comparatively, green financing is found most fitting and highly supportive financing tool for energy efficiency among the three. The differences in attributes, financing mechanism, funds flow system, transection systems, and variation in support by the financial institution are the main reasons that lessen the role of financial inclusion and FinTech for energy efficiency. However, theorists must revisit the transaction system of FinTech and financial inclusion parameters like green bonds for energy efficiency attainment. Policymakers are suggested to develop viable and energy system-friendly policies to grant green finance to the energy systems of E7 economies, as conveniently as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongda Liu
- School of Economics and Management, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Pinbo Yao
- School of Management, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shahid Latif
- KUBEAC, University of Management & Technology, Sialkot Campus, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Sumaira Aslam
- Faisalabad School of Business, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Nadeem Iqbal
- AUSOM, Air University, Islamabad Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan
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4
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Liu H, Khan AR, Aslam S, Rasheed AK, Mohsin M. Financial impact of energy efficiency and energy policies aimed at power sector reforms: mediating role of financing in the power sector. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:18891-18904. [PMID: 34705201 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16882-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This research examines how financial transformative power sector reforms affect energy efficiency and the economy in a sample of economies from South Asia, the Middle East, and Europe. We applied two stages of OLS, Bayesian VAR, and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) methods to a panel data set from 1995 to 2018. According to empirical findings, institutional deficiency has a negative effect on electricity reforms, implying that the greater the impact of reforms on electricity performance, the higher the institutional efficiency, A collection of reform initiatives involving a variety of reform agencies will boost energy efficiency by up to 13% and per capita electricity access by 62%. Despite recent reforms and regulatory measures, the electricity sector continues to face challenges in terms of private investment and structural flaws such as energy inefficiency, significant technological and financial losses, low power quality, and outdated transmission and network infrastructure. Interestingly 13.2% increases can be found in energy efficiency after electricity reforms. Unlike previous studies, our findings reveal a conflict between the broader economic effects and the welfare impact on electricity consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongda Liu
- School of Economics & Management, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
- School of Management, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | | | - Sumaira Aslam
- Faisalabad Business School, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Khaliq Rasheed
- Department of New Energy Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia (XMUM), Sepang, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Mohsin
- School of Finance and Economics, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
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5
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Huibo W, Awan RU, Qayyum A, Munir A, Khan J, Gulzar F. How financial development affects green energy finance? Relationship between environmental regulation and economic performance. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:14355-14370. [PMID: 34611803 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16728-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The construction of green finance index is a three-tiered process that involves macroeconomic, ecological, and monetary indicators. Therefore, this research is one of the first thorough assessments of the impacts of green financing regulations in China, examining 30 provinces during the period of 2010 to 2017. Data envelopment analysis models for 30 provinces in China have been tested by using non-radial models and longitudinal datasets. The findings demonstrate that between 2010 and 2017, the efficiency of China's provinces such as Beijing, Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan, Hebei, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Shandong, Shanghai, Tianjin, and Zhejiang and provinces of central regions as well as western provinces of country green economies has increased with distinct geographical disparities becoming more apparent. The geographical distribution of economic efficacy in the green economy is greatest in the eastern parts and poorest in the Chongqing, Gansu, Guangxi, Guizhou, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Tibet, Xinjiang, and Yunnan. The study revealed that sustainable financial growth may be accomplished via the creation of green financing, which can be achieved by employing different solutions across the macroeconomic, institutional, and ecological considerations. The western and central areas, however, have a significant negative association. There are substantial variations in factors at the state and federal level from the viewpoint of dependent variables. Eventually, the research offers some suggestions for future ecological impact of China, along with the creation of new environmental legislation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Huibo
- School of Economics and Management, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Rehmat Ullah Awan
- Department of Economics, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan.
| | - Abdul Qayyum
- Bahria Business School, Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Arshad Munir
- Department of Islamic Studies, Ghazi University, Khan, DG, Pakistan
| | - Jamal Khan
- Institute for Region and Urban-Rural Development, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Fatima Gulzar
- Department of Economics, Ghazi University, Khan, DG, Pakistan
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6
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Abstract
Renewable electricity can fully decarbonise the European electricity supply, but large land requirements may cause land-use conflicts. Using a dynamic model that captures renewable fluctuations, I explore the relationship between land requirements and total system cost of different supply-side options in the future. Cost-minimal fully renewable electricity requires some 97,000 km2 (2% of total) land for solar and wind power installations, roughly the size of Portugal, and includes large shares of onshore wind. Replacing onshore wind with offshore wind, utility-scale PV, or rooftop PV reduces land requirements drastically with only small cost penalties. Moving wind power offshore is most cost-effective and reduces land requirements by 50% for a cost penalty of only 5%. Wind power can alternatively be replaced by photovoltaics, leading to a cost penalty of 10% for the same effect. My research shows that fully renewable electricity supply can be designed with very different physical appearances and impacts on landscapes and the population, but at similar cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Tröndle
- Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies, Potsdam, Germany
- Institute for Environmental Decisions, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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7
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Sun G, Yuan C, Hafeez M, Raza S, Jie L, Liu X. Does regional energy consumption disparities assist to control environmental degradation in OBOR: an entropy approach. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:7105-7119. [PMID: 31883080 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07360-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
China launched the One Belt & One Road (OBOR) initiative to minimize the energy resource shortage. The China's nearby countries are rich in energy resources especially Middle East and North Africa (MENA) and Asian countries which make them ideal locations to cooperate with China in terms of energy resources, as 42.8% of world energy consumption belongs to OBOR countries. The present study elaborates the spatial distribution pattern of energy consumption disparities and its impact on environment. To do this, an entropy approach is utilized to compute the energy consumption inequalities in OBOR and its regions. The spatial and Pareto analysis show that MENA, East, and Southeast Asian economies have the highest degree of energy consumption inequalities, while European and Central Asian economies show the lowest energy consumption inequalities in OBOR region. The long-run estimates indicate that energy consumption inequalities enhance the CO2 emission in OBOR and its region except South and Southeast Asia. Financial development also has a significantly positive impact on CO2 emission in all models for OBOR and its regions except East Asia. Based on findings, the spatial distribution analysis is applicable to maintain balance in regional energy consumption inequality within OBOR and its regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guijuan Sun
- School of Economics and Management, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, No.10 Xitucheng Haidian, Beijing, 100876, People's Republic of China
- The Center of Industrial Economics and Green Development, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunhui Yuan
- School of Economics and Management, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, No.10 Xitucheng Haidian, Beijing, 100876, People's Republic of China.
- The Center of Industrial Economics and Green Development, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, People's Republic of China.
| | - Muhammad Hafeez
- School of Economics and Management, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, No.10 Xitucheng Haidian, Beijing, 100876, People's Republic of China
- The Center of Industrial Economics and Green Development, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, People's Republic of China
| | - Salman Raza
- State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, People's Republic of China
| | - Liu Jie
- School of Economics and Management, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, No.10 Xitucheng Haidian, Beijing, 100876, People's Republic of China
- The Center of Industrial Economics and Green Development, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodan Liu
- School of Economics and Management, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, No.10 Xitucheng Haidian, Beijing, 100876, People's Republic of China
- The Center of Industrial Economics and Green Development, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, People's Republic of China
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8
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Solangi YA, Shah SAA, Zameer H, Ikram M, Saracoglu BO. Assessing the solar PV power project site selection in Pakistan: based on AHP-fuzzy VIKOR approach. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:30286-30302. [PMID: 31432370 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06172-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Pakistan has an abundant solar power potential which can be effectively utilized for the electricity generation. There are various sites across the country which have sufficient solar irradiation across the year, and thus, suitable for the installation of solar photovoltaic (PV) power projects. This study, therefore, aims to undertake research on the establishment of solar power project site selection in Pakistan. In this context, 14 promising cities of Pakistan are considered as alternatives and studied in terms of economic, environmental, social, location, climate, and orography criteria and further supplemented with 20 sub-criteria. Initially, the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method has been used to prioritize each of the main criteria and sub-criteria. Later, fuzzy VlseKriterijuska Optimizacija I Komoromisno Resenje (F-VIKOR) method has been employed to prioritize the 14 alternatives. The present investigation reveals that Khuzdar (C2), Badin (C3), and Mastung (C7) are the most suitable cities for the installation of solar PV power projects in Pakistan. Finally, the outcome of the sensitivity analysis revealed that obtained results are reliable and robust for the installation of solar PV power projects in Pakistan. This study shall assist government, energy planners, and policymakers in making cities sustainable by establishing solar power projects in Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Ahmed Solangi
- College of Economics and Management, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Syed Ahsan Ali Shah
- College of Economics and Management, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hashim Zameer
- College of Economics and Management, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, Jiangsu, China
| | - Muhammad Ikram
- College of Economics and Management, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, Jiangsu, China
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9
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Mele M. Economic growth and energy consumption in Brazil: cointegration and causality analysis. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:30069-30075. [PMID: 31418145 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06161-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Energy is a crucial part of any economy and holds a central position in enhancing social development in the world. Energy consumption and the economy in Brazil have both increased in the past decade. In this paper, time series statistics from 1980 to 2017 will be used to analyze the relationship between real GDP per capita and energy consumption to will examine how energy use in the country affects economic growth using causality models. This is established through testing for stationarity using Kwiatkowski-Phillips-Schmidt-Shin (KPSS) test for trend stationarity. A cointegration relationship is found between the two variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Mele
- Department of Economics, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy.
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10
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Afridi MA, Kehelwalatenna S, Naseem I, Tahir M. Per capita income, trade openness, urbanization, energy consumption, and CO 2 emissions: an empirical study on the SAARC Region. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:29978-29990. [PMID: 31414388 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06154-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The developing world in general is facing so many crucial problems including global warming in recent years. Global warming has multiple consequences on each segment of the society and therefore, its root causes are important to identify. The present study examines the impact of per capita income, trade openness, urbanization, and energy consumption on CO2 emissions. Countries located in South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) are considered in the study. The selection of the SAARC region is motivated by the diverse nature of its members and further lack of available empirical literature on the same relationship. Annual data from 1980 to 2016 are analyzed using appropriate panel data techniques. The results revealed the presence of environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) in the SAARC region. Further, the introduction of cubic function into the model indicated that the shape of the EKC is N shaped. Besides, trade openness has negative while urbanization and energy consumption have impacted CO2 emissions positively. Moreover, the causality exercise explored a bidirectional causality between urbanization, energy consumption, per capita income, and CO2 emissions. Similarly, energy consumption, per capita GDP, and urbanization are also bidirectionally related. Further, a unidirectional causality running from CO2 emissions, urbanization, and energy consumption to trade openness is detected. Lastly, a unidirectional causality is witnessed from per capita income to energy consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Asim Afridi
- Department of Management Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | | | - Imran Naseem
- Department of Management Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tahir
- Department of Management Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan.
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11
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Chen S, Saleem N, Bari MW. Financial development and its moderating role in environmental Kuznets curve: evidence from Pakistan. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:19305-19319. [PMID: 31073837 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05290-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The nexus among real income, energy consumption, financial development, and carbon emission has broadly conferred area in energy and environmental literature. However, there is no study in the literature which investigates the moderating role of financial development between real income, energy consumption, and CO2 emission in Pakistan. This study reveals the role of financial development as a moderator in the conventional environmental Kuznets curve (EKC). To achieve the objectives of this study, two approaches are employed, (i) with main effects and (ii) with interaction variables, using autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach in the case of Pakistan covering the period 1970 to 2016. Findings of the empirical analysis confirm the EKC hypothesis in the first case (without interaction effect) and our second estimations (with interaction effect) show that financial development significantly moderates the association of real output with CO2 emission (both for the long run and short run). The negative effect of financial development on carbon emission reveals to efficacious energy management with effective environmental performance. More precisely, the results of second estimations reveal that all three interaction variables are statistically significant but the EKC curve is no more. Thus, the current study proposes that the moderating effect of the financial sectors may be the possible reason which has been ignored by prior researchers and they found mix results regarding the existence of EKC in Pakistan. In addition, the Granger causality test confirms the feedback effect between real income and carbon emission and one-way causality from all the three interaction variables and financial development to CO2 emission. Lastly, this study posits some important policy inferences in the perspective of new economic policy formation in Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songsheng Chen
- School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Haidian, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Nyla Saleem
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, North China Electric Power University, Zhu Xin Zhuang, Bei Nong Road No. 2, Changping, Beijing, 102206, China
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12
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Akram Z, Engo J, Akram U, Zafar MW. Identification and analysis of driving factors of CO 2 emissions from economic growth in Pakistan. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:19481-19489. [PMID: 31077046 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05281-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study applied the logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) model to identify and discuss the main drivers of Pakistan's CO2 emissions over the period 1990-2016. The study examined the effects of five factors based on Pakistan's three main economic sectors while considering the 11 types of fuels consumed in that country. The results showed that the energy structure effect is the greatest driving force of CO2 emissions in this country, followed by scale effect and economic structure effect. Energy intensity is the main contributor to reducing Pakistan's carbon emissions throughout the study period. A comparative review at the sectoral level shows that the industrial sector for which coal is the main source of energy supply is the one that contributes the most to CO2 emissions in Pakistan. Alongside this sector is the tertiary sector, where the transport sub-sector imposes rules of conduct based on a growing Pakistani population. Meanwhile, deforestation would be the main cause of CO2 emissions from the agricultural sector in Pakistan, as energy consumption in this sector remains very low. Improving energy efficiency through the intensification of clean energy is urgently needed if Pakistan's environmental goals are to be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zubair Akram
- School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, South-Zhongguancun Street, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Jean Engo
- School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, South-Zhongguancun Street, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
- Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research, School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Umair Akram
- Guanghua school of Management, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Wasif Zafar
- School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, South-Zhongguancun Street, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Zhang Y, Zhang Q, Pan B. Impact of affluence and fossil energy on China carbon emissions using STIRPAT model. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:18814-18824. [PMID: 31065981 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04950-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Using the extended STIRPAT model, this research examines the influence of various factors on China carbon emission from 1971 to 2014, including total nuclear and alternative energy, total fossil energy, GDP per capita, total population, total urban population, merchandise trade of GDP, and services value added of GDP. Ridge regression was employed to perform the study. The research results show the positivity and significance of all factors on carbon emission. The estimated elastic coefficients reveal the most important factor influencing carbon emission is GDP per capita. Total fossil energy, total urban population, and nuclear energy of total energy use are also prominent influencing factors, while other factors such as value-added services of GDP and merchandise trade of GDP have less significant impacts on carbon emission in China. These findings of the research will be of great significance for China to control its carbon emission in the future and to mitigate global warming to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Zhang
- College of Management, Shenzhen University, Nanhai Ave 3688, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, China.
| | - Qingyu Zhang
- College of Management, Shenzhen University, Nanhai Ave 3688, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, China
| | - Binbin Pan
- College of Finance, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
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14
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Koçak E, Ulucak ZŞ. The effect of energy R&D expenditures on CO 2 emission reduction: estimation of the STIRPAT model for OECD countries. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:14328-14338. [PMID: 30864038 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04712-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Energy innovations are critical to combating global warming and climate change. In this context, we focus on the impact of energy research-development (R&D) expenditures, which are the input of energy innovations, on CO2 emissions. For this purpose, we investigate the effect of disaggregated energy R&D expenditures on CO2 emission in 19 high-income OECD countries over the period 2003-2015. The dynamic panel data method is followed for empirical analysis. The results of the study show that R&D expenditures for energy efficiency and fossil energy have an increasing effect on CO2 emissions. Contrary to expectations, there is no significant relationship between renewable energy R&D expenditures and CO2 emissions. Remarkably, there is strong evidence that the power and storage R&D expenditures have a reducing effect on CO2 emissions. In light of the empirical findings, policy implications and recommendations to potential readers and authorities are further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emrah Koçak
- Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Department of Economics, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Zübeyde Şentürk Ulucak
- Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Department of Economics, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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15
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Destek MA, Sarkodie SA. Investigation of environmental Kuznets curve for ecological footprint: The role of energy and financial development. Sci Total Environ 2019; 650:2483-2489. [PMID: 30293003 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Climate change has become a global phenomenon due to its threat to sustainable development. However, economic development plays a complementary role in both climate change and sustainability. Thus, the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis is critical to climate change policy formulation and development strategies. Accordingly, this study examined the validity of environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis by investigating the relationship between economic growth, energy consumption, financial development, and ecological footprint for the period from 1977 to 2013 in 11 newly industrialized countries. For this purpose, the study employed both augmented mean group (AMG) estimator and heterogeneous panel causality method which are suitable for dependent and heterogeneous panels. The results of the estimator show that there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between economic growth and ecological footprint. According to the causality test results, it is concluded that there is bi-directional causality between economic growth and ecological footprint.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samuel Asumadu Sarkodie
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia.
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16
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Wang L, Long R, Chen H, Li W, Yang J. A review of studies on urban energy performance evaluation. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:3243-3261. [PMID: 30560537 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3915-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Energy is a foundation for a city to create economic wealth, satisfy people's desires, and achieve benefits. However, the increasing mismatch between energy supply and demand and the worsening of environmental pollution have highlighted the importance of improving urban energy performance, so the number of studies related to urban energy performance evaluation is increasing. Based on describing the authors, numbers, regional sources, and themes of these studies, this paper reviews and analyzes the conceptions, evaluation indicators, influencing factors, evaluation methods, and evaluation systems related to urban energy performance. Most countries have expressed concern about this topic. Researchers in China, Belgium, and the USA have had the most achievements and collaborations. The concept of urban energy performance further extends to a comprehensive performance. It is measured based on an input-output process. In addition to the original evaluation indicators, new desirable outputs and undesirable outputs are included. Industrial structure, energy price, population density, home car ownership, climate factors, Gini coefficient, health expenditure level, and unemployment rate are regarded as influencing factors. Therefore, a new framework of evaluation indicators and influencing factors is constructed. Stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) and data envelopment analysis (DEA) are commonly used to evaluate. With changes in conceptions, evaluation indicators, and influencing factors, the evaluation method should rather focus on measuring multiple input-output variables, determining the evaluation results and the impacts of factors at the same analysis stage, and highlighting policy orientations. As an important management tool, the evaluation system would continue to be studied and developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- School of Management, China University of Mining and Technology, No. 1 Daxue Road, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruyin Long
- School of Management, China University of Mining and Technology, No. 1 Daxue Road, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Hong Chen
- School of Management, China University of Mining and Technology, No. 1 Daxue Road, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Wenbo Li
- Business School, Jiangsu Normal University, No. 101 Shanghai Road, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiahui Yang
- School of Management, China University of Mining and Technology, No. 1 Daxue Road, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
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17
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Kalmaz DB, Kirikkaleli D. Modeling CO 2 emissions in an emerging market: empirical finding from ARDL-based bounds and wavelet coherence approaches. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:5210-5220. [PMID: 30604366 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3920-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the long-run and causal effects of energy consumption, economic growth, urbanization, and trade openness on CO2 emissions in Turkey using newly developed econometric techniques. To our best knowledge, there has been no study examining the relationship between CO2 emissions, energy consumption, trade openness, urbanization, and economic growth in Turkey. Therefore, this study proposes to fill this gap in the literature. In this study, we use time series data covering the years between 1960 and 2015. To capture long-run effects, we used ARDL, FMOLS, and DOLS estimators, while wavelet coherence technique is used to explore causal effects among the variables. Our results reveal that (i) there is a long-run equilibrium relationship between CO2 emissions and energy consumption, economic growth, urbanization, and trade openness; (ii) in the long-run, CO2 emission in Turkey is significantly triggered by energy consumption, economic growth, and urbanization; and (iii) the results of the wavelet coherence-based causality test provide supportive evidence to the long-run estimations of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demet Beton Kalmaz
- Faculty of Economics and Administrative Science, Department of Economics, European University of Lefke, Lefke, Northern Cyprus, TR-10 Mersin, Turkey.
| | - Dervis Kirikkaleli
- Faculty of Economics and Administrative Science, Department of Banking and Finance, European University of Lefke, Lefke, Northern Cyprus, TR-10 Mersin, Turkey
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18
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Caha Z. Central Europe: Ethical Overlaps of Environmental and Economic Interests in Coming Years. Sci Eng Ethics 2018; 24:1801-1807. [PMID: 29067625 DOI: 10.1007/s11948-017-9982-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite the size and thanks to the rich brown coal reserves, the Czech Republic is one of the leading energy producers in Europe, and the 7th biggest exporter of electricity in the world. However, following the climate change mitigation, the novel energy policy that enhances the reduction of coal mining is about to be implemented. A preliminary material flow analysis of the Czech energy sector was carried out. The data obtained confirmed that this government act would result in a dramatic reduction of revenues from electricity sales. Conversely, increased costs would be necessary in order to modernize nuclear power plants and promote the production of renewable energy. In addition, the economic analysis revealed that the act might be prejudicial to economic relations in Central and Western-European countries as some of them are significantly dependent on the electricity imported from the Czech Republic. Disputes between engineers and politicians were highlighted. The aforementioned interrelations were subsequently analyzed and a conclusion was made stating that global interests should have the highest moral priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdeněk Caha
- The Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice, Okružní 517/10, 370 01, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
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19
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Cetin M, Ecevit E, Yucel AG. The impact of economic growth, energy consumption, trade openness, and financial development on carbon emissions: empirical evidence from Turkey. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:36589-36603. [PMID: 30377957 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3526-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
This study examines the impact of economic growth, energy consumption, trade openness, financial development on carbon emissions for the case of Turkey by using annual time series data for the period of 1960-2013. The Lee and Strazicich test suggests that the variables are suitable for applying the bounds testing approach to cointegration. The cointegration analysis reveals that there exists a long-run relationship between the per capita real income, per capita energy consumption, trade openness, financial development, and per capita carbon emissions in the presence of structural breaks. The results show that in the long run, carbon emissions are mainly determined by economic growth, energy consumption, trade openness, and financial development. The VECM Granger causality analysis indicates a long-run unidirectional causality running from economic growth, energy consumption, trade openness, and financial development to carbon emissions. The findings also show that the EKC hypothesis is valid for Turkey both in the long run and short run. The study provides some implications for policy makers to decrease carbon emissions in Turkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Cetin
- Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Namik Kemal University, Tekirdag, Turkey
| | - Eyyup Ecevit
- Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ali Gokhan Yucel
- Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
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20
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Tazi N, Chatelet E, Bouzidi Y, Meziane R. Wind farm topology-finding algorithm considering performance, costs, and environmental impacts. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:24526-24534. [PMID: 28585005 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9377-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Optimal power in wind farms turns to be a modern problem for investors and decision makers; onshore wind farms are subject to performance and economic and environmental constraints. The aim of this work is to define the best installed capacity (best topology) with maximum performance and profits and consider environmental impacts as well. In this article, we continue the work recently done on wind farm topology-finding algorithm. The proposed resolution technique is based on finding the best topology of the system that maximizes the wind farm performance (availability) under the constraints of costs and capital investments. Global warming potential of wind farm is calculated and taken into account in the results. A case study is done using data and constraints similar to those collected from wind farm constructors, managers, and maintainers. Multi-state systems (MSS), universal generating function (UGF), wind, and load charge functions are applied. An economic study was conducted to assess the wind farm investment. Net present value (NPV) and levelized cost of energy (LCOE) were calculated for best topologies found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nacef Tazi
- University of Technology of Troyes, ICD-LM2S-STMR, UMR CNRS, Troyes, France.
| | - Eric Chatelet
- University of Technology of Troyes, ICD-LM2S-STMR, UMR CNRS, Troyes, France
| | - Youcef Bouzidi
- University of Technology of Troyes, ICD-CREIDD, UMR CNRS, Troyes, France
| | - Rachid Meziane
- Electrotechnical engineering laboratory, University of Saida, Saida, Algeria
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21
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Monforti-Ferrario F, Kona A, Peduzzi E, Pernigotti D, Pisoni E. The impact on air quality of energy saving measures in the major cities signatories of the Covenant of Mayors initiative. Environ Int 2018; 118:222-234. [PMID: 29890470 PMCID: PMC6055013 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study is a first attempt to evaluate how the major efforts made by several European cities in the frame of the Covenant of Mayors (CoM) initiative can impact the air pollution levels in the participating cities. CoM is by no mean one of the major cities initiatives aimed at mitigating climate change, supporting local authorities in the implementation of their climate action plans. Energy savings measures reported in the CoM cities' action plans have been analysed from the air quality perspective in order to find quantitative relations in the way local authorities deal with mitigation and how these practices are expected to have consequences on the air quality at urban level and finally positively impacting the citizens' health. In the paper, the air quality 2713 energy saving measures proposed by 146 cities located in 23 countries in the frame of the CoM are selected and their co-benefits for air quality and public health estimated by means of SHERPA, a fast modelling tool that mimics the behaviour of a full physically-based Chemical Transport Model. Besides evaluating the overall benefits of this subset of mitigation measures for the air quality, the study also investigates the relevance of some factors such as the implementation sector, the city size and the pollution levels in achieving the highest possible co-benefits. The results presented refer to the special field covered by the study, i.e. energy saving measures and are not automatically referable to other types of measures. Nevertheless, they clearly show how climate mitigation and air quality policies are deeply interconnected at the urban level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Monforti-Ferrario
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Via E. Fermi 2749, TP 450, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy.
| | - Albana Kona
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Via E. Fermi 2749, TP 450, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Emanuela Peduzzi
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Via E. Fermi 2749, TP 450, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Denise Pernigotti
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Via E. Fermi 2749, TP 450, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Enrico Pisoni
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Via E. Fermi 2749, TP 450, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy
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22
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Liu X. Aggregate and disaggregate analysis on energy consumption and economic growth nexus in China. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:26512-26526. [PMID: 29992411 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2699-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study examines the relationship between energy consumption and economic growth based on three models in China covering the period of 1982-2015. From the Ng-Perron (NP) and Zivot-Andrews (ZA) unit root test, each variable has no unit root in the first difference. Based on Johansen multivariable co-integration test and autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds test, the co-integrating relationship existed between selected variables. Moreover, dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS), fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS), and ARDL estimates are used to estimate the coefficients of each variable, which presents that any increasing of each kinds of energy sources can increase China's economic growth in the long term. Additionally, the vector error correction model (VECM) Granger causality test based on three models is investigated. Some implications based on the empirical results are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyi Liu
- School of Business, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, Henan, People's Republic of China.
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23
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Hanna SM, Thompson MJ, Dahab MF, Williams RE, Dvorak BI. Benchmarking the Energy Intensity of Small Water Resource Recovery Facilities. Water Environ Res 2018; 90:738-747. [PMID: 30031407 DOI: 10.2175/106143017x15131012153176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To enable small communities to benchmark the energy efficiency of their water resource recovery facilities (also known as wastewater treatment facilities), multiple linear regression models of electric and overall energy intensity (kWh/m3) were created using data from Nebraska and Pennsylvania. Key variables found to be significant include: facility type, supplemental energy usage for sludge treatment, average flow, percent design flow, climate controlled floor area, effluent NH3-N, and influent CBOD5. The results show that energy use models for small systems differ from those for large facilities and that regulatory changes can affect energy usage. Step changes in the data for facilities that changed operators highlight the importance of operational decisions on energy efficiency for small facilities serving fewer than 10,000 people. Differences were observed between the models of data from specific states. Although these models may not include all factors that account for variability in energy use, they can provide a reference benchmark for small WRRFs.
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24
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Saud S, Baloch MA, Lodhi RN. The nexus between energy consumption and financial development: estimating the role of globalization in Next-11 countries. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:18651-18661. [PMID: 29705897 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2069-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In the modern era of globalization, the economic activities expand with the passage of time. This expansion may increase demand for energy both in developing and developed countries. Therefore, this study assesses the impact of financial development on energy consumption incorporating the role of globalization in Next-11 countries. A group of panel estimation techniques is used to analyze the panel data and time series data for the time 1990-2014. The empirical results of the study suggest that financial development stimulates energy consumption. Also, globalization increases demand for energy consumption, although the single country analysis suggests that the effect of globalization on energy demand is heterogeneous among N-11 countries. Furthermore, feedback hypothesis is confirmed between financial development and energy consumption. Also, bidirectional causality is found between economic growth and energy consumption. The findings urge for the attention of policymaker in emerging countries to develop a strategy to reduce the consequences of energy consumption by controlling resource transfer through globalization to the host country and by adopting energy conversation policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shah Saud
- School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | | | - Rab Nawaz Lodhi
- Institute of Business and Management, University of Engineering and Technology Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
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25
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Ip K, She K, Adeyeye K. Life-cycle impacts of shower water waste heat recovery: case study of an installation at a university sport facility in the UK. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:19247-19258. [PMID: 29047063 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0409-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Recovering heat from waste water discharged from showers to preheat the incoming cold water has been promoted as a cost-effective, energy-efficient, and low-carbon design option which has been included in the UK's Standard Assessment Procedure (SAP) for demonstrating compliance with the Building Regulation for dwellings. Incentivized by its carbon cost-effectiveness, waste water heat exchangers (WWHX) have been selected and incorporated in a newly constructed Sports Pavilion at the University of Brighton in the UK. This £2-m sports development serving several football fields was completed in August 2015 providing eight water- and energy-efficient shower rooms for students, staff, and external organizations. Six of the shower rooms are located on the ground floor and two on the first floor, each fitted with five or six thermostatically controlled shower units. Inline type of WWHX were installed, each consisted of a copper pipe section wound by an external coil of smaller copper pipe through which the cold water would be warmed before entering the shower mixers. Using the installation at Sport Pavilion as the case study, this research aims to evaluate the environmental and financial sustainability of a vertical waste heat recovery device, over a life cycle of 50 years, with comparison to the normal use of a PVC-u pipe. A heat transfer mathematical model representing the system has been developed to inform the development of the methodology for measuring the in-situ thermal performance of individual and multiple use of showers in each changing room. Adopting a system thinking modeling technique, a quasi-dynamic simulation computer model was established enabling the prediction of annual energy consumptions under different shower usage profiles. Data based on the process map and inventory of a functional unit of WWHX were applied to a proprietary assessment software to establish the relevant outputs for the life-cycle environmental impact assessment. Life-cycle cost models were developed and industry price book data were applied. The results indicated that the seasonal thermal effectiveness was over 50% enabling significant energy savings through heat recovery that led to short carbon payback time of less than 2 years to compensate for the additional greenhouse gas emissions associated with the WWHX. However, the life-cycle cost of the WWHX is much higher than using the PVC pipe, even with significant heat recovered under heavy usage, highlighting the need to adopt more economic configurations, such as combining waste water through fewer units, in order to maximize the return on investment and improve the financial viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Ip
- School of Environment and Technology, University of Brighton, Cockcroft Building, Lewes Road, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK.
| | - Kaiming She
- School of Environment and Technology, University of Brighton, Cockcroft Building, Lewes Road, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK
| | - Kemi Adeyeye
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, University of Bath, Calverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
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26
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P M, X C, J B, J CL, J S, A B, J A. Energy savings, emission reductions, and health co-benefits of the green building movement. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 2018; 28:307-318. [PMID: 29382929 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-017-0014-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Buildings consume nearly 40% of primary energy production globally. Certified green buildings substantially reduce energy consumption on a per square foot basis and they also focus on indoor environmental quality. However, the co-benefits to health through reductions in energy and concomitant reductions in air pollution have not been examined.We calculated year by year LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) certification rates in six countries (the United States, China, India, Brazil, Germany, and Turkey) and then used data from the Green Building Information Gateway (GBIG) to estimate energy savings in each country each year. Of the green building rating schemes, LEED accounts for 32% of green-certified floor space and publically reports energy efficiency data. We employed Harvard's Co-BE Calculator to determine pollutant emissions reductions by country accounting for transient energy mixes and baseline energy use intensities. Co-BE applies the social cost of carbon and the social cost of atmospheric release to translate these reductions into health benefits. Based on modeled energy use, LEED-certified buildings saved $7.5B in energy costs and averted 33MT of CO2, 51 kt of SO2, 38 kt of NOx, and 10 kt of PM2.5 from entering the atmosphere, which amounts to $5.8B (lower limit = $2.3B, upper limit = $9.1B) in climate and health co-benefits from 2000 to 2016 in the six countries investigated. The U.S. health benefits derive from avoiding an estimated 172-405 premature deaths, 171 hospital admissions, 11,000 asthma exacerbations, 54,000 respiratory symptoms, 21,000 lost days of work, and 16,000 lost days of school. Because the climate and health benefits are nearly equivalent to the energy savings for green buildings in the United States, and up to 10 times higher in developing countries, they provide an important and previously unquantified societal value. Future analyses should consider these co-benefits when weighing policy decisions around energy-efficient buildings.
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Affiliation(s)
- MacNaughton P
- Environmental Health Department, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cao X
- Environmental Health Department, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Buonocore J
- Environmental Health Department, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cedeno-Laurent J
- Environmental Health Department, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Bernstein A
- Environmental Health Department, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Allen J
- Environmental Health Department, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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27
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Nasreen S, Saidi S, Ozturk I. Assessing links between energy consumption, freight transport, and economic growth: evidence from dynamic simultaneous equation models. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:16825-16841. [PMID: 29619637 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1760-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We investigate this study to examine the relationship between economic growth, freight transport, and energy consumption for 63 developing countries over the period of 1990-2016. In order to make the panel data analysis more homogeneous, we apply the income level of countries to divide the global panel into three sub-panels, namely, lower-middle income countries (LMIC), upper-middle income countries (UMIC), and high-income countries (HIC). Using the generalized method of moments (GMM), the results prove evidence of bidirectional causal relationship between economic growth and freight transport for all selected panels and between economic growth and energy consumption for the high- and upper-middle income panels. For the lower-middle income panel, the causality is unidirectional running from energy consumption to economic growth. Also, the results indicate that the relationship between freight transport and energy use is bidirectional for the high-income countries and unidirectional from freight transport to energy consumption for the upper-middle and lower-middle income countries. Empirical evidence demonstrates the importance of energy for economic activity and rejects the neo-classical assumption that energy is neutral for growth. An important policy recommendation is that there is need of advancements in vehicle technology which can reduce energy intensity from transport sector and improve the energy efficiency in transport activity which in turn allows a greater positive role of transport in global economic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia Nasreen
- Department of Economics, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Government College Women University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Samir Saidi
- Department of Economics, Faculty of economics and management, University of Sfax, street of airport, Km 4.5, LP 1008, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ilhan Ozturk
- Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Cag University, 33800, Mersin, Turkey
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28
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Song M, Chen Y, An Q. Spatial econometric analysis of factors influencing regional energy efficiency in China. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:13745-13759. [PMID: 29508196 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1574-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Increased environmental pollution and energy consumption caused by the country's rapid development has raised considerable public concern, and has become the focus of the government and public. This study employs the super-efficiency slack-based model-data envelopment analysis (SBM-DEA) to measure the total factor energy efficiency of 30 provinces in China. The estimation model for the spatial interaction intensity of regional total factor energy efficiency is based on Wilson's maximum entropy model. The model is used to analyze the factors that affect the potential value of total factor energy efficiency using spatial dynamic panel data for 30 provinces during 2000-2014. The study found that there are differences and spatial correlations of energy efficiency among provinces and regions in China. The energy efficiency in the eastern, central, and western regions fluctuated significantly, and was mainly because of significant energy efficiency impacts on influences of industrial structure, energy intensity, and technological progress. This research is of great significance to China's energy efficiency and regional coordinated development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin Song
- School of Statistics and Applied Mathematics, Anhui University of Finance and Economics, Bengbu, China.
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Statistics and Applied Mathematics, Anhui University of Finance and Economics, Bengbu, China
| | - Qingxian An
- School of Business, Central South University, Changsha, China
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29
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van Leeuwen K, de Vries E, Koop S, Roest K. The Energy & Raw Materials Factory: Role and Potential Contribution to the Circular Economy of the Netherlands. Environ Manage 2018; 61:786-795. [PMID: 29383420 PMCID: PMC5880869 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-018-0995-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Water is an abundant resource worldwide, but fresh and clean water is scarce in many areas of the world. Increases in water consumption and climate change will affect global water security even further in the near future. With increasing numbers of people living in metropolitan areas, water, energy, and materials need to be used carefully, reused and renewed. Resource scarcity is the driver behind the circular economy. The recovery of materials and energy can add significant new value streams and improve cost recovery and water quality. In this paper, we present the creation of the Energy & Raw Materials Factory (ERMF) of the Dutch Water Authorities, also known as the Resource Factory, as one of the solutions to this global challenge of water in the circular economy. Resources like cellulose, bioplastics, phosphate, alginate-like exopolymers from aerobic granular sludge (bio-ALE), and biomass can be recovered. Bio-ALE is an alginate-like polymer of sugars and proteins and can be used in agriculture and horticulture, the paper industry, medical, and construction industries. The ERMF demands significant investments but the return on investment is high both from a financial and environmental perspective, provided that markets can be realized. Experiences in the Netherlands show that the concept of the ERMF is viable and adds to the creation of a circular economy. Achieving climate neutrality and production of new and promising resources like bio-ALE are possible. The ERMF can contribute to the sustainable development goals (SDGs) of the United Nations on water and sanitation, once fully operational.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kees van Leeuwen
- Copernicus Institute for Sustainable Development and Innovation, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 2, Utrecht, 3584 CS, The Netherlands.
- KWR Watercycle Research Institute, Groningenhaven 7, Nieuwegein, 3433 PE, The Netherlands.
| | - Eli de Vries
- Copernicus Institute for Sustainable Development and Innovation, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 2, Utrecht, 3584 CS, The Netherlands
- Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management, Rijnstraat 8, The Hague, 2515 XP, The Netherlands
| | - Stef Koop
- Copernicus Institute for Sustainable Development and Innovation, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 2, Utrecht, 3584 CS, The Netherlands
- KWR Watercycle Research Institute, Groningenhaven 7, Nieuwegein, 3433 PE, The Netherlands
| | - Kees Roest
- KWR Watercycle Research Institute, Groningenhaven 7, Nieuwegein, 3433 PE, The Netherlands
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Itoh T, Iwabuchi K, Ota K. A new approach to stabilize waste biomass for valorization using an oxidative process at 90 °C. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196249. [PMID: 29684079 PMCID: PMC5912774 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to establish a new methodology for upgrading biomass quality using low-temperature (below 100 °C) oxidation to achieve simultaneous drying and decomposition. Sterilized manure (63% wet basis) was heated at 90 °C for 49 days under an oxidative environment. The obtained solid and moisture reduction curves indicated that drying and decomposition proceeded simultaneously. The biomass was decomposed by oxidation with the release of water, carbon dioxide, and volatile fatty acids such as acetic acid. The oxidation process stopped when the biomass was dehydrated, indicating that the water originally present in the biomass governed the process. Elemental and calorific analyses revealed no remarkable increase in carbon content or increased heating value, and a slight decrease in oxygen content. Although the severity of the process was insufficient to produce an optimum solid fuel due to the low temperature used, the process would enable the stabilization of waste biomass with low energy consumption such as using waste heat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Itoh
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kazunori Iwabuchi
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Kumpei Ota
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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Chen Y, Yu J, Li L, Li L, Li L, Zhou J, Tsai SB, Chen Q. An Empirical Study of the Impact of the Air Transportation Industry Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction Projects on the Local Economy in China. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2018; 15:ijerph15040812. [PMID: 29677160 PMCID: PMC5923854 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15040812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Green development has been of particular interest to a range of industries worldwide, one of which being the air transportation industry (ATI). The energy conservation and emission reduction (ECER) projects of the ATI have a huge impact on the local economy. In this study, the input-output method was used to analyze the indirect economic impact of the implementation of the ECER projects of the ATI on the local economy of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region. We examined the direct benefits, backward spread effects, forward spread effects, and consumption multiplier effects. The final results showed that the comprehensive economic income from 2011–2013 in the BTH region reached RMB 4.74 billion. The results revealed that the ECER projects commissioned by the ATI were worth investing from both the economic and social benefits perspectives. To increase the green development effects and promote the sustainable development of the ATI, the special funds provided by the Civil Aviation Administration of China should be invested intensively in basic green technology research and setting green regulating and governance rules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiu Chen
- College of Civil Aviation, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China.
- Research Center for Environment and Sustainable Development of China Civil Aviation, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China.
| | - Jian Yu
- Research Center for Environment and Sustainable Development of China Civil Aviation, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China.
| | - Li Li
- Wuxi Audit Division, Bank of Ningbo, Wuxi 214043, China.
| | - Linlin Li
- Research Center for Environment and Sustainable Development of China Civil Aviation, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China.
| | - Long Li
- Research Center for Environment and Sustainable Development of China Civil Aviation, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China.
| | - Jie Zhou
- College of Tourism and Service Management, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Sang-Bing Tsai
- Research Center for Environment and Sustainable Development of China Civil Aviation, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China.
- Zhongshan Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Guangdong 528400, China.
| | - Quan Chen
- Zhongshan Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Guangdong 528400, China.
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Wang L, Li L, Cheng K, Ji C, Yue Q, Bian R, Pan G. An assessment of emergy, energy, and cost-benefits of grain production over 6 years following a biochar amendment in a rice paddy from China. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:9683-9696. [PMID: 29368196 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1245-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Biochar soil amendment had been increasingly advocated for improving crop productivity and reducing carbon footprint in agriculture worldwide. However, the long-term benefits of biochar application with farming systems had not been thoroughly understood. This study quantified and assessed emergy, energy, and economic benefits of rice and wheat production throughout 6 rotation years following a single biochar amendment in a rice paddy from Southeastern China. Using the data from farm inventory, the quantified emergy indices included grain outputs, unit emergy value, and relative percentage of free renewable resources, environmental loading ratio, emergy yield ratio, and emergy sustainability index (ESI). The results indicated contrasting differences in these emergy values between biochar-amended and unamended production systems over the 6 years. The overall emergy efficiency of rice and wheat productions in biochar-amended system were higher by 11-28 and 15-47%, respectively, than that of unamended one of which the production being highly resource intensive. Moreover, ESI on average was 0.46 for rice and 0.63 for wheat in amended system, compared to 0.35 for rice and 0.39 for wheat in unamended one. Furthermore, over the 6 years following a single application, the ESI values showed considerable variation in the unamended system but consistently increasing in the amended system. Again, the biochar-amended system exerted significantly higher energy and economic return than the unamended one. Nonetheless, there was a tradeoff between rice and wheat in grain yield and net economic gain. Overall, biochar amendment could be a viable measure to improve the resilience of grain production while to reduce resource intensity and environment impacts in paddy soil from China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Center of Agriculture and Climate Change, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Lianqing Li
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Center of Agriculture and Climate Change, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Kun Cheng
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Center of Agriculture and Climate Change, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Chunying Ji
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Center of Agriculture and Climate Change, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Qian Yue
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Center of Agriculture and Climate Change, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Rongjun Bian
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Center of Agriculture and Climate Change, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Genxing Pan
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Center of Agriculture and Climate Change, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China.
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Center of Biochar and Green Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Faisal F, Tursoy T, Berk N. Linear and non-linear impact of Internet usage and financial deepening on electricity consumption for Turkey: empirical evidence from asymmetric causality. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:11536-11555. [PMID: 29427275 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1341-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the relationship between Internet usage, financial development, economic growth, capital and electricity consumption using quarterly data from 1993Q1 to 2014Q4. The integration order of the series is analysed using the structural break unit root test. The ARDL bounds test for cointegration in addition to the Bayer-Hanck (2013) combined cointegration test is applied to analyse the existence of cointegration among the variables. The study found strong evidence of a long-run relationship between the variables. The long-run results under the ARDL framework confirm the existence of an inverted U-shaped relationship between financial development and electricity consumption, not only in the long-run, but also in the short-run. The study also confirms the existence of a U-shaped relationship between Internet usage and electricity consumption; however, the effect is insignificant. Additionally, the influence of trade, capital and economic growth is examined in both the long run and short run (ARDL-ECM). Finally, the results of asymmetric causality suggest a positive shock in electricity consumption that has a positive causal impact on Internet usage. The authors recommend that the Turkish Government should direct financial institutions to moderate the investment in the ICT sector by advancing credits at lower cost for purchasing energy-efficient technologies. In doing so, the Turkish Government can increase productivity in order to achieve sustainable growth, while simultaneously reducing emissions to improve environmental quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Faisal
- Department of Banking and Finance, Near East University, North Cyprus Mersin 10, Turkey.
- Institute of Business Studies and Leadership, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan.
| | - Turgut Tursoy
- Department of Banking and Finance, Near East University, North Cyprus Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - Niyazi Berk
- Department of Business, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Abstract
Each year, more than three million animals are transported from farms to abattoirs in Sweden. Animal transport is related to economic and environmental costs and a negative impact on animal welfare. Time and the number of pick-up stops between farms and abattoirs are two key parameters for animal welfare. Both are highly dependent on efficient and qualitative transportation planning, which may be difficult if done manually. We have examined the benefits of using route optimization in cattle transportation planning. To simulate the effects of various planning time windows and transportation time regulations and number of pick-up stops along each route, we have used data that represent one year of cattle transport. Our optimization model is a development of a model used in forestry transport that solves a general pick-up and delivery vehicle routing problem. The objective is to minimize transportation costs. We have shown that the length of the planning time window has a significant impact on the animal transport time, the total driving time and the total distance driven; these parameters that will not only affect animal welfare but also affect the economy and environment in the pre-slaughter logistic chain. In addition, we have shown that changes in animal transportation regulations, such as minimizing the number of allowed pick-up stops on each route or minimizing animal transportation time, will have positive effects on animal welfare measured in transportation hours and number of pick-up stops. However, this leads to an increase in working time and driven distances, leading to higher transportation costs for the transport and negative environmental impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Frisk
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Annie Jonsson
- School of Bioscience, Skövde University, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Stefan Sellman
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | - Mikael Rönnqvist
- Département de génie mécanique, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Uno Wennergren
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Abstract
This paper aims to reschedule online metro trains in delay scenarios. A graph representation and a mixed integer programming model are proposed to formulate the optimization problem. The solution approach is a two-stage optimization method. In the first stage, based on a proposed train state graph and system analysis, the primary and flow-on delays are specifically analyzed and identified with a critical path algorithm. For the second stage a hybrid genetic algorithm is designed to optimize the schedule, with the delay identification results as input. Then, based on the infrastructure data of Beijing Subway Line 4 of China, case studies are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the solution approach. The results show that the algorithm can quickly and accurately identify primary delays among different types of delays. The economic cost of energy consumption and total delay is considerably reduced (by more than 10% in each case). The computation time of the Hybrid-GA is low enough for rescheduling online. Sensitivity analyses further demonstrate that the proposed approach can be used as a decision-making support tool for operators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangfei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (HH); (LK)
| | - Keping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (HH); (LK)
| | - Paul Schonfeld
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
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Zheng T, Li P, Shi Z, Liu J. Benchmarking the scientific research on wastewater-energy nexus by using bibliometric analysis. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24:27613-27630. [PMID: 29134520 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0696-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
With an exponential increase in urbanization and industrialization, water pollution is an inevitable consequence of relatively lagging wastewater treatment facilities. The conventional activated sludge process for wastewater treatment primarily emphasizes the removal of harmful substances to maintain increasingly stringent effluent discharged standards, which is considered an energy-intensive technique. Therefore, innovative and sustainable wastewater treatment should pay more attention to energy and resource recovery in dealing with fossil fuel depletion, global-scale energy security, and climate change. A bibliometric analysis was applied to trace wastewater-energy nexus-related research during the period 1991 to 2015, with respect to the Science Citation Index EXPANDED (SCI-EXPANDED) database. Journal of Hazardous Materials, ranking 1st in h-index (79), was the most productive journal (431, 4.5%) during the same time, followed by International Journal of Hydrogen Energy (422, 4.4%) and Water Research (393, 4.1%) journal, the latter owning a topmost journal impact factor. Though, China (2154, 22.5%) was the most productive country, while the USA with highest h-index (88) was the favorest collaborative country. The Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (241, 2.5%) produced the maximum publications. A novel method called "word cluster analysis" showed that the emerging sustainable processes and novel renewable energy application are applied in response to the desire for a net wastewater-energy nexus system. Based on different wastewater types, the emerging energy and sources recovery treatment processes of Anammox, anaerobic digestion, and microbial fuel cells gained extensive innovation. Evaluation indicators including sustainability, life cycle assessment, and environmental impact were appropriately used to dissert feasibility of the novel treatment methods in regard of renewable energy utilization, energy savings, and energy recovery. The transformation of the new concept of "broaden income source, economize on expenditures and exploit inner potential" should be generalized in order to achieve an environmentally sustainable development of wastewater-energy nexus system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianlong Zheng
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China.
| | - Pengyu Li
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhining Shi
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - Jianguo Liu
- College of Energy and Power Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, 49 Aiminjie, Xincheng District, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010051, China
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Dilger MG, Jovanović T, Voigt KI. Upcrowding energy co-operatives - Evaluating the potential of crowdfunding for business model innovation of energy co-operatives. J Environ Manage 2017; 198:50-62. [PMID: 28448846 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Practice and theory have proven the relevance of energy co-operatives for civic participation in the energy turnaround. However, due to a still low awareness and changing regulation, there seems an unexploited potential of utilizing the legal form 'co-operative' in this context. The aim of this study is therefore to investigate the crowdfunding implementation in the business model of energy co-operatives in order to cope with the mentioned challenges. Based on a theoretical framework, we derive a Business Model Innovation (BMI) through crowdfunding including synergies and differences. A qualitative study design, particularly a multiple-case study of energy co-operatives, was chosen to prove the BMI and to reveal barriers. The results show that although most co-operatives are not familiar with crowdfunding, there is strong potential in opening up predominantly local structures to a broader group of members. Building on this, equity-based crowdfunding is revealed to be suitable for energy co-operatives as BMI and to accompany other challenges in the same way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Georg Dilger
- Chair of Industrial Management, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Lange Gasse 20, 90403, Nuremberg, Germany.
| | - Tanja Jovanović
- Chair of Industrial Management, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Lange Gasse 20, 90403, Nuremberg, Germany.
| | - Kai-Ingo Voigt
- Chair of Industrial Management, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Lange Gasse 20, 90403, Nuremberg, Germany.
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Walker G, Taylor A, Whittet C, Lynn C, Docherty C, Stephen B, Owens E, Galloway S. A practical review of energy saving technology for ageing populations. Appl Ergon 2017; 62:247-258. [PMID: 28411735 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Fuel poverty is a critical issue for a globally ageing population. Longer heating/cooling requirements combine with declining incomes to create a problem in need of urgent attention. One solution is to deploy technology to help elderly users feel informed about their energy use, and empowered to take steps to make it more cost effective and efficient. This study subjects a broad cross section of energy monitoring and home automation products to a formal ergonomic analysis. A high level task analysis was used to guide a product walk through, and a toolkit approach was used thereafter to drive out further insights. The findings reveal a number of serious usability issues which prevent these products from successfully accessing an important target demographic and associated energy saving and fuel poverty outcomes. Design principles and examples are distilled from the research to enable practitioners to translate the underlying research into high quality design-engineering solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Walker
- Institute for Infrastructure and Environment, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK.
| | | | | | - Craig Lynn
- Glasgow School of Art, Glasgow G3 6RQ, UK
| | | | | | - Edward Owens
- Institute for Infrastructure and Environment, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
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Póvoa P, Oehmen A, Inocêncio P, Matos JS, Frazão A. Modelling energy costs for different operational strategies of a large water resource recovery facility. Water Sci Technol 2017; 75:2139-2148. [PMID: 28498126 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2017.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this paper is to demonstrate the importance of applying dynamic modelling and real energy prices on a full scale water resource recovery facility (WRRF) for the evaluation of control strategies in terms of energy costs with aeration. The Activated Sludge Model No. 1 (ASM1) was coupled with real energy pricing and a power consumption model and applied as a dynamic simulation case study. The model calibration is based on the STOWA protocol. The case study investigates the importance of providing real energy pricing comparing (i) real energy pricing, (ii) weighted arithmetic mean energy pricing and (iii) arithmetic mean energy pricing. The operational strategies evaluated were (i) old versus new air diffusers, (ii) different DO set-points and (iii) implementation of a carbon removal controller based on nitrate sensor readings. The application in a full scale WRRF of the ASM1 model coupled with real energy costs was successful. Dynamic modelling with real energy pricing instead of constant energy pricing enables the wastewater utility to optimize energy consumption according to the real energy price structure. Specific energy cost allows the identification of time periods with potential for linking WRRF with the electric grid to optimize the treatment costs, satisfying operational goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Póvoa
- EPAL, Av. da Liberdade, Lisboa 1250-144, Portugal E-mail:
| | - A Oehmen
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica 2829-516, Portugal
| | - P Inocêncio
- EPAL, Av. da Liberdade, Lisboa 1250-144, Portugal E-mail:
| | - J S Matos
- Instituto Superior Técnico - IST, Avenida Rovisco Pais 1, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal
| | - A Frazão
- EPAL, Av. da Liberdade, Lisboa 1250-144, Portugal E-mail:
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Rovira J, Nadal M, Schuhmacher M, Domingo JL. Alternative Fuel Implementation in a Cement Plant: Human Health Risks and Economical Valuation. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 2016; 71:473-484. [PMID: 27558466 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-016-0308-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In June 2010, the cement plant of Montcada i Reixac (MR) (Catalonia, Spain) began a gradual implementation of alternative fuel to replace fossil fuel. Between December 2010 and November 2014, we conducted three monitoring surveys to evaluate the state of the environment around the facility. Data were compared with results from three monitoring surveys performed in 2008-2009. In all these studies, samples of soil, vegetation, and air were collected, being the content of a number of trace elements and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in these matrices determined. In general terms, a decrease of metal and PCDD/F concentrations was found. Human health risks followed a similar temporal trend, being acceptable according to national and international standards and independent on the fuel used. The Disability-Adjusted Life Year and the costs of cancer cases were also estimated for the population living around the MR cement plant, accounting for 4 years and 31,000 €/year, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquim Rovira
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Martí Nadal
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Marta Schuhmacher
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - José L Domingo
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
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Lam KL, Lant PA, O'Brien KR, Kenway SJ. Comparison of water-energy trajectories of two major regions experiencing water shortage. J Environ Manage 2016; 181:403-412. [PMID: 27395015 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.06.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Water shortage, increased demand and rising energy costs are major challenges for the water sector worldwide. Here we use a comparative case study to explore the long-term changes in the system-wide water and associated energy use in two different regions that encountered water shortage. In Australia, South East Queensland (SEQ) encountered a drought from 2001 to 2009, while Perth has experienced a decline in rainfall since the 1970s. This novel longitudinal study quantifies and compares the urban water consumption and the energy use of the water supply systems in SEQ and Perth during the period 2002 to 2014. Unlike hypothetical and long-term scenario studies, this comparative study quantifies actual changes in regional water consumption and associated energy, and explores the lessons learned from the two regions. In 2002, Perth had a similar per capita water consumption rate to SEQ and 48% higher per capita energy use in the water supply system. From 2002 to 2014, a strong effort of water conservation can be seen in SEQ during the drought, while Perth has been increasingly relying on seawater desalination. By 2014, even though the drought in SEQ had ended and the drying climate in Perth was continuing, the per capita water consumption in SEQ (266 L/p/d) was still 28% lower than that of Perth (368 L/p/d), while the per capita energy use in Perth (247 kWh/p/yr) had increased to almost five times that of SEQ (53 kWh/p/yr). This comparative study shows that within one decade, major changes in water and associated energy use occurred in regions that were similar historically. The very different "water-energy" trajectories in the two regions arose partly due to the type of water management options implemented, particularly the different emphasis on supply versus demand side management. This study also highlights the significant energy saving benefit of water conservation strategies (i.e. in SEQ, the energy saving was sufficient to offset the total energy use for seawater desalination and water recycling during the period.). The water-energy trajectory diagram provides a new way to illustrate and compare longitudinal water consumption and associated energy use within and between cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Leung Lam
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Paul A Lant
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Katherine R O'Brien
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Steven J Kenway
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
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Kennedy CM, Miteva DA, Baumgarten L, Hawthorne PL, Sochi K, Polasky S, Oakleaf JR, Uhlhorn EM, Kiesecker J. Bigger is better: Improved nature conservation and economic returns from landscape-level mitigation. Sci Adv 2016; 2:e1501021. [PMID: 27419225 PMCID: PMC4942327 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1501021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Impact mitigation is a primary mechanism on which countries rely to reduce environmental externalities and balance development with conservation. Mitigation policies are transitioning from traditional project-by-project planning to landscape-level planning. Although this larger-scale approach is expected to provide greater conservation benefits at the lowest cost, empirical justification is still scarce. Using commercial sugarcane expansion in the Brazilian Cerrado as a case study, we apply economic and biophysical steady-state models to quantify the benefits of the Brazilian Forest Code (FC) under landscape- and property-level planning. We find that FC compliance imposes small costs to business but can generate significant long-term benefits to nature: supporting 32 (±37) additional species (largely habitat specialists), storing 593,000 to 2,280,000 additional tons of carbon worth $69 million to $265 million ($ pertains to U.S. dollars), and marginally improving surface water quality. Relative to property-level compliance, we find that landscape-level compliance reduces total business costs by $19 million to $35 million per 6-year sugarcane growing cycle while often supporting more species and storing more carbon. Our results demonstrate that landscape-level mitigation provides cost-effective conservation and can be used to promote sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M. Kennedy
- Global Conservation Lands Program, The Nature Conservancy, Fort Collins, CO 80524, USA
| | - Daniela A. Miteva
- Global Conservation Lands Program, The Nature Conservancy, Arlington, VA 22203, USA
| | - Leandro Baumgarten
- Brazil Program, The Nature Conservancy, SIG Qd. 01, Lt. 985-1005, Sala 206, Brasília/DF 70610-410, Brazil
| | - Peter L. Hawthorne
- Natural Capital Project and Institute on the Environment, University of Minnesota, 325 Learning and Environmental Sciences, 1954 Buford Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Kei Sochi
- Global Conservation Lands Program, The Nature Conservancy, Fort Collins, CO 80524, USA
| | - Stephen Polasky
- Natural Capital Project and Institute on the Environment, University of Minnesota, 325 Learning and Environmental Sciences, 1954 Buford Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
- Department of Applied Economics, University of Minnesota, 1994 Buford Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55112, USA
| | - James R. Oakleaf
- Global Conservation Lands Program, The Nature Conservancy, Fort Collins, CO 80524, USA
| | | | - Joseph Kiesecker
- Global Conservation Lands Program, The Nature Conservancy, Fort Collins, CO 80524, USA
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Harrell S. CONTINUOUS SAVINGS. Commissioning program developed at Texas A&M laboratory helps to reduce energy usage. Health Facil Manage 2016; 29:25-29. [PMID: 27323499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
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Asongu S, El Montasser G, Toumi H. Testing the relationships between energy consumption, CO2 emissions, and economic growth in 24 African countries: a panel ARDL approach. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:6563-6573. [PMID: 26635224 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5883-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study complements existing literature by examining the nexus between energy consumption (EC), CO2 emissions (CE), and economic growth (GDP; gross domestic product) in 24 African countries using a panel autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach. The following findings are established. First, there is a long-run relationship between EC, CE, and GDP. Second, a long-term effect from CE to GDP and EC is apparent, with reciprocal paths. Third, the error correction mechanisms are consistently stable. However, in cases of disequilibrium, only EC can be significantly adjusted to its long-run relationship. Fourth, there is a long-run causality running from GDP and CE to EC. Fifth, we find causality running from either CE or both CE and EC to GDP, and inverse causal paths are observable. Causality from EC to GDP is not strong, which supports the conservative hypothesis. Sixth, the causal direction from EC to GDP remains unobservable in the short term. By contrast, the opposite path is observable. There are also no short-run causalities from GDP, or EC, or EC, and GDP to EC. Policy implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simplice Asongu
- African Governance and Development Institute, P. Box 8413, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Ghassen El Montasser
- Department of Quantitative Methods, École Supérieure de Commerce de Tunis, University of Manouba, 2010, Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Hassen Toumi
- Faculty of Economics and Management, University of Sfax, Street of Airport, km 4.5, LP 1088, Sfax, 3018, Tunisia
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Boboescu IZ, Gherman VD, Lakatos G, Pap B, Bíró T, Maróti G. Surpassing the current limitations of biohydrogen production systems: The case for a novel hybrid approach. Bioresour Technol 2016; 204:192-201. [PMID: 26790867 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.12.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The steadily increase of global energy requirements has brought about a general agreement on the need for novel renewable and environmentally friendly energy sources and carriers. Among the alternatives to a fossil fuel-based economy, hydrogen gas is considered a game-changer. Certain methods of hydrogen production can utilize various low-priced industrial and agricultural wastes as substrate, thus coupling organic waste treatment with renewable energy generation. Among these approaches, different biological strategies have been investigated and successfully implemented in laboratory-scale systems. Although promising, several key aspects need further investigation in order to push these technologies towards large-scale industrial implementation. Some of the major scientific and technical bottlenecks will be discussed, along with possible solutions, including a thorough exploration of novel research combining microbial dark fermentation and algal photoheterotrophic degradation systems, integrated with wastewater treatment and metabolic by-products usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iulian Zoltan Boboescu
- Polytechnic University of Timisoara, Victoriei Square, nr. 2, 300006 Timisoara, Romania; Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Biological Research Centre Szeged, Temesvari krt. 62, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Vasile Daniel Gherman
- Polytechnic University of Timisoara, Victoriei Square, nr. 2, 300006 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Gergely Lakatos
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Biological Research Centre Szeged, Temesvari krt. 62, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Bernadett Pap
- Seqomics Biotechnology Ltd., Vállalkozók útja 7, 6782 Mórahalom, Hungary
| | - Tibor Bíró
- Szent István University, Faculty of Economics, Agricultural and Health Studies, Szarvas, Hungary
| | - Gergely Maróti
- Polytechnic University of Timisoara, Victoriei Square, nr. 2, 300006 Timisoara, Romania; Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Biological Research Centre Szeged, Temesvari krt. 62, 6726 Szeged, Hungary.
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Martin D. New award recognizes energy-efficiency champions. Health Facil Manage 2016; 29:39. [PMID: 27169322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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Zhao XG, Jiang GW, Li A, Wang L. Economic analysis of waste-to-energy industry in China. Waste Manag 2016; 48:604-618. [PMID: 26514312 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2015.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The generation of municipal solid waste is further increasing in China with urbanization and improvement of living standards. The "12th five-year plan" period (2011-2015) promotes waste-to-energy technologies for the harmless disposal and recycling of municipal solid waste. Waste-to-energy plant plays an important role for reaching China's energy conservation and emission reduction targets. Industrial policies and market prospect of waste-to-energy industry are described. Technology, cost and benefit of waste-to-energy plant are also discussed. Based on an economic analysis of a waste-to-energy project in China (Return on Investment, Net Present Value, Internal Rate of Return, and Sensitivity Analysis) the paper makes the conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Gang Zhao
- School of Economics and Management, North China Electric Power Univ., Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Gui-Wu Jiang
- School of Economics and Management, North China Electric Power Univ., Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Ang Li
- School of Economics and Management, North China Electric Power Univ., Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Ling Wang
- State Grid Liaoning Electric power co., LTD. Benxi Power Supply Company, Benxi 117000, China.
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Dogan E, Turkekul B. CO2 emissions, real output, energy consumption, trade, urbanization and financial development: testing the EKC hypothesis for the USA. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:1203-13. [PMID: 26351068 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5323-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 391] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the relationship between carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, energy consumption, real output (GDP), the square of real output (GDP(2)), trade openness, urbanization, and financial development in the USA for the period 1960-2010. The bounds testing for cointegration indicates that the analyzed variables are cointegrated. In the long run, energy consumption and urbanization increase environmental degradation while financial development has no effect on it, and trade leads to environmental improvements. In addition, this study does not support the validity of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis for the USA because real output leads to environmental improvements while GDP(2) increases the levels of gas emissions. The results from the Granger causality test show that there is bidirectional causality between CO2 and GDP, CO2 and energy consumption, CO2 and urbanization, GDP and urbanization, and GDP and trade openness while no causality is determined between CO2 and trade openness, and gas emissions and financial development. In addition, we have enough evidence to support one-way causality running from GDP to energy consumption, from financial development to output, and from urbanization to financial development. In light of the long-run estimates and the Granger causality analysis, the US government should take into account the importance of trade openness, urbanization, and financial development in controlling for the levels of GDP and pollution. Moreover, it should be noted that the development of efficient energy policies likely contributes to lower CO2 emissions without harming real output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyup Dogan
- Department of Economics, Abdullah Gul University, Sumer Campus, Office #B206, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Berna Turkekul
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Ege University, Bornova, Turkey.
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Abdul-Manan AFN, Baharuddin A, Chang LW. Application of theory-based evaluation for the critical analysis of national biofuel policy: A case study in Malaysia. Eval Program Plann 2015; 52:39-49. [PMID: 25898073 DOI: 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Theory-based evaluation (TBE) is an effectiveness assessment technique that critically analyses the theory underlying an intervention. Whilst its use has been widely reported in the area of social programmes, it is less applied in the field of energy and climate change policy evaluations. This paper reports a recent study that has evaluated the effectiveness of the national biofuel policy (NBP) for the transport sector in Malaysia by adapting a TBE approach. Three evaluation criteria were derived from the official goals of the NBP, those are (i) improve sustainability and environmental friendliness, (ii) reduce fossil fuel dependency, and (iii) enhance stakeholders' welfare. The policy theory underlying the NBP has been reconstructed through critical examination of the policy and regulatory documents followed by a rigorous appraisal of the causal link within the policy theory through the application of scientific knowledge. This study has identified several weaknesses in the policy framework that may engender the policy to be ineffective. Experiences with the use of a TBE approach for policy evaluations are also shared in this report.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir F N Abdul-Manan
- University of Malaya, Faculty of Science, Department of Science & Technology Studies, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Azizan Baharuddin
- University of Malaya, Faculty of Science, Department of Science & Technology Studies, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; University of Malaya, Centre for Civilisational Dialogue, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Lee Wei Chang
- University of Malaya, Faculty of Science, Department of Science & Technology Studies, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; University of Malaya, Centre for Civilisational Dialogue, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Burmahl B, Hoppszallern S, Morgan J. 2015 Sustainable Operations Survey. Managers dig deeper for saving as easy fixes become routine. Health Facil Manage 2015; 28:19-25. [PMID: 26642527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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