151
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Delgado JAC, Correia JTM, Pissinati EF, Paixão MW. Biocompatible Photoinduced Alkylation of Dehydroalanine for the Synthesis of Unnatural α-Amino Acids. Org Lett 2021; 23:5251-5255. [PMID: 34152782 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A site-selective alkylation of dehydroalanine to access protected unnatural amino acids is described. The protocol is characterized by the wide nature of alkyl radicals employed, mild conditions, and functional group compatibility. This protocol is further extended to access peptides, late-stage functionalization of pharmaceuticals, and enantioenriched amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A C Delgado
- Centre of Excellence for Research in Sustainable Chemistry (CERSusChem), Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos-UFSCar, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235-SP-310, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
| | - José T M Correia
- Centre of Excellence for Research in Sustainable Chemistry (CERSusChem), Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos-UFSCar, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235-SP-310, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Emanuele F Pissinati
- Centre of Excellence for Research in Sustainable Chemistry (CERSusChem), Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos-UFSCar, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235-SP-310, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Márcio W Paixão
- Centre of Excellence for Research in Sustainable Chemistry (CERSusChem), Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos-UFSCar, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235-SP-310, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
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152
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Kumar Hota S, Jinan D, Prakash Panda S, Pan R, Sahoo B, Murarka S. Organophotoredox‐Catalyzed Late‐Stage Functionalization of Heterocycles. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir Kumar Hota
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Jodhpur 342037 Karwar Rajasthan India
| | - Dilsha Jinan
- School of Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Thiruvananthapuram 695551 Thiruvananthapuram Kerala India
| | - Satya Prakash Panda
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Jodhpur 342037 Karwar Rajasthan India
| | - Rittwika Pan
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Jodhpur 342037 Karwar Rajasthan India
| | - Basudev Sahoo
- School of Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Thiruvananthapuram 695551 Thiruvananthapuram Kerala India
| | - Sandip Murarka
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Jodhpur 342037 Karwar Rajasthan India
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153
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Karmakar S, Silamkoti A, Meanwell NA, Mathur A, Gupta AK. Utilization of C(
sp
3
)‐Carboxylic Acids and Their Redox‐Active Esters in Decarboxylative Carbon−Carbon Bond Formation. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sukhen Karmakar
- Department of Discovery Synthesis Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb Research Center (BBRC) Biocon Park Bommasandra IV Phase Jigani Link Road Bangalore 560 099 India
| | - Arundutt Silamkoti
- Department of Discovery Synthesis Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb Research Center (BBRC) Biocon Park Bommasandra IV Phase Jigani Link Road Bangalore 560 099 India
| | - Nicholas A. Meanwell
- Small Molecule Drug Discovery Research and Early Development Bristol Myers Squibb P.O. Box 4000 Princeton New Jersey 08543-4000 USA
| | - Arvind Mathur
- Small Molecule Drug Discovery Research and Early Development Bristol Myers Squibb P.O. Box 4000 Princeton New Jersey 08543-4000 USA
| | - Arun Kumar Gupta
- Department of Discovery Synthesis Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb Research Center (BBRC) Biocon Park Bommasandra IV Phase Jigani Link Road Bangalore 560 099 India
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154
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Zeng Z, Feceu A, Sivendran N, Gooßen LJ. Decarboxylation‐Initiated Intermolecular Carbon‐Heteroatom Bond Formation. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyi Zeng
- Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Abigail Feceu
- Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Nardana Sivendran
- Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Lukas J. Gooßen
- Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Germany
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155
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Zhang W, Hong N, Song L, Fu N. Reaching the Full Potential of Electroorganic Synthesis by Paired Electrolysis. CHEM REC 2021; 21:2574-2584. [PMID: 33835697 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Electroorganic synthesis has recently become a rapidly blossoming research area within the organic synthesis community. It should be noted that electrochemical reaction is always a balanced reaction system with two half-cell reactions-oxidation and reduction. Most electrochemical strategies, however, typically focus on one of the two sides for the desired transformations. Paired electrolysis has two desirable half reactions running simultaneously, thus maximizing the overall margin of atom and energy economy. Meanwhile, the spatial separation between oxidation and reduction is the essential feature of electrochemistry, offering unique opportunities for the development of redox-neutral reactions that would otherwise be challenging to accomplish in a conventional reaction flask setting. This review discusses the most recent illustrative examples of paired electrolysis with special emphasis on sequential and convergent processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhao Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Nianmin Hong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lu Song
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Niankai Fu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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156
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Jiang Y, Pan J, Yang T, Zhao Y, Koh MJ. Nickel-catalyzed site- and stereoselective reductive alkylalkynylation of alkynes. Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2020.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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157
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Parida SK, Hota SK, Kumar R, Murarka S. Late‐Stage Alkylation of Heterocycles Using
N
‐(Acyloxy)phthalimides. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:879-889. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sushanta Kumar Parida
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur Karwar 342037 Rajasthan India
| | - Sudhir Kumar Hota
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur Karwar 342037 Rajasthan India
| | - Raushan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur Karwar 342037 Rajasthan India
| | - Sandip Murarka
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur Karwar 342037 Rajasthan India
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158
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Lu FD, Lu LQ, He GF, Bai JC, Xiao WJ. Enantioselective Radical Carbocyanation of 1,3-Dienes via Photocatalytic Generation of Allylcopper Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:4168-4173. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c01260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Dong Lu
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Liang-Qiu Lu
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gui-Feng He
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Jun-Chuan Bai
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Wen-Jing Xiao
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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159
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Kammer LM, Badir SO, Hu RM, Molander GA. Photoactive electron donor-acceptor complex platform for Ni-mediated C(sp 3)-C(sp 2) bond formation. Chem Sci 2021; 12:5450-5457. [PMID: 34168786 PMCID: PMC8179655 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc00943e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A dual photochemical/nickel-mediated decarboxylative strategy for the assembly of C(sp3)-C(sp2) linkages is disclosed. Under light irradiation at 390 nm, commercially available and inexpensive Hantzsch ester (HE) functions as a potent organic photoreductant to deliver catalytically active Ni(0) species through single-electron transfer (SET) manifolds. As part of its dual role, the Hantzsch ester effects a decarboxylative-based radical generation through electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complex activation. This homogeneous, net-reductive platform bypasses the need for exogenous photocatalysts, stoichiometric metal reductants, and additives. Under this cross-electrophile paradigm, the coupling of diverse C(sp3)-centered radical architectures (including primary, secondary, stabilized benzylic, α-oxy, and α-amino systems) with (hetero)aryl bromides has been accomplished. The protocol proceeds under mild reaction conditions in the presence of sensitive functional groups and pharmaceutically relevant cores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Marie Kammer
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6323 USA
| | - Shorouk O Badir
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6323 USA
| | - Ren-Ming Hu
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6323 USA
| | - Gary A Molander
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6323 USA
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160
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Yang ZP, Freas DJ, Fu GC. The Asymmetric Synthesis of Amines via Nickel-Catalyzed Enantioconvergent Substitution Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:2930-2937. [PMID: 33567209 PMCID: PMC8336453 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c13034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chiral dialkyl carbinamines are important in fields such as organic chemistry, pharmaceutical chemistry, and biochemistry, serving for example as bioactive molecules, chiral ligands, and chiral catalysts. Unfortunately, most catalytic asymmetric methods for synthesizing dialkyl carbinamines do not provide general access to amines wherein the two alkyl groups are of similar size (e.g., CH2R versus CH2R1). Herein, we report two mild methods for the catalytic enantioconvergent synthesis of protected dialkyl carbinamines, both of which use a chiral nickel catalyst to couple an alkylzinc reagent (1.1-1.2 equiv) with a racemic partner, specifically, an α-phthalimido alkyl chloride or an N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHP) ester of a protected α-amino acid. The methods are versatile, providing dialkyl carbinamine derivatives that bear an array of functional groups. For couplings of NHP esters, we further describe a one-pot variant wherein the NHP ester is generated in situ, allowing the generation of enantioenriched protected dialkyl carbinamines in one step from commercially available amino acid derivatives; we demonstrate the utility of this method by applying it to the efficient catalytic enantioselective synthesis of a range of interesting target molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Peng Yang
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Dylan J Freas
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Gregory C Fu
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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161
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Shi J, Yuan T, Zheng M, Wang X. Metal-Free Heterogeneous Semiconductor for Visible-Light Photocatalytic Decarboxylation of Carboxylic Acids. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c05211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116. China
| | - Tao Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116. China
| | - Meifang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116. China
| | - Xinchen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116. China
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162
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Matsumoto A, Nguyen BN, Honda T, Sakamoto R, Huang X, Sakaki S, Maruoka K. Deacylative Carbon-Carbon Bond Cleavage of Ketone Equivalents: Applications to Radical Carbon-Carbon Bond Formation Reactions. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:282-286. [PMID: 33346943 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202001366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This article describes the synthetic application of ketone-derived oxaziridines as alkyl radical precursors in copper-catalyzed Carbon-Carbon bond formation reactions. Experimental and computational studies indicate a free radical mechanism, where alkyl radicals are efficiently generated via cleavage of a Carbon-Carbon bond of oxaziridines. Acyclic and unstrained cyclic oxaziridines are applicable to the present radical process, allowing for the generation of various alkyl radicals with good functional group compatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Bich-Ngoc Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Honda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Ryu Sakamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Xiao Huang
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Shigeyoshi Sakaki
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8103, Japan
| | - Keiji Maruoka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.,School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
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163
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Shibutani S, Nagao K, Ohmiya H. Organophotoredox-Catalyzed Three-Component Coupling of Heteroatom Nucleophiles, Alkenes, and Aliphatic Redox Active Esters. Org Lett 2021; 23:1798-1803. [PMID: 33569947 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This manuscript describes a visible-light-mediated organophotoredox catalytic process for vicinal difunctionalization of alkenes using heteroatom nucleophiles and aliphatic redox active esters. A wide range of heteroatom nucleophiles including alcohols, water, carboxylic acids, amides, and halogens can be used for this reaction. This radical relay type reaction allows forging of C(sp3)-C(sp3) with a carbon-centered radical and C(sp3)-heteroatom bonds with a benzyl cation on the vinylarenes with complete regioselectivity in a single step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Shibutani
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Kazunori Nagao
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Ohmiya
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.,JST, PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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164
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Zhang Y, Mao LL, Hu S, Luan Y, Cong H. Photo-induced anti-Markovnikov hydroalkylation of unactivated alkenes employing a dual-component initiator. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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165
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Pitre SP, Allred TK, Overman LE. Lewis Acid Activation of Fragment-Coupling Reactions of Tertiary Carbon Radicals Promoted by Visible-Light Irradiation of EDA Complexes. Org Lett 2021; 23:1103-1106. [PMID: 33492152 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The addition of tertiary carbon radicals generated from N-(acyloxy)phthalimide esters to cyclic α,β-unsaturated ketones and lactones is markedly enhanced by the addition of substoichiometric amounts of a Ln(OTf)3. The reaction is accomplished by irradiation with visible light in the absence of a photosensitizer and is suggested to proceed by excitation of a ternary electron donor-acceptor complex between the NHPI ester, Hantzsch ester, and a Ln(OTf)3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer P Pitre
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, 107 Physical Sciences, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Tyler K Allred
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Larry E Overman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
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166
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167
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Parida SK, Mandal T, Das S, Hota SK, De Sarkar S, Murarka S. Single Electron Transfer-Induced Redox Processes Involving N-(Acyloxy)phthalimides. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c04756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sushanta Kumar Parida
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar-342037, Rajasthan, India
| | - Tanumoy Mandal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur-741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Sanju Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur-741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Sudhir Kumar Hota
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar-342037, Rajasthan, India
| | - Suman De Sarkar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur-741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Sandip Murarka
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar-342037, Rajasthan, India
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168
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Aguilar Troyano FJ, Merkens K, Anwar K, Gómez‐Suárez A. Radical-Based Synthesis and Modification of Amino Acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:1098-1115. [PMID: 32841470 PMCID: PMC7820943 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Amino acids (AAs) are key structural motifs with widespread applications in organic synthesis, biochemistry, and material sciences. Recently, with the development of milder and more versatile radical-based procedures, the use of strategies relying on radical chemistry for the synthesis and modification of AAs has gained increased attention, as they allow rapid access to libraries of novel unnatural AAs containing a wide range of structural motifs. In this Minireview, we provide a broad overview of the advancements made in this field during the last decade, focusing on methods for the de novo synthesis of α-, β-, and γ-AAs, as well as for the selective derivatisation of canonical and non-canonical α-AAs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kay Merkens
- Organic ChemistryBergische Universität WuppertalGaussstrasse 2042119WuppertalGermany
| | - Khadijah Anwar
- Organic ChemistryBergische Universität WuppertalGaussstrasse 2042119WuppertalGermany
| | - Adrián Gómez‐Suárez
- Organic ChemistryBergische Universität WuppertalGaussstrasse 2042119WuppertalGermany
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169
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Varenikov A, Shapiro E, Gandelman M. Decarboxylative Halogenation of Organic Compounds. Chem Rev 2021; 121:412-484. [PMID: 33200917 PMCID: PMC7884003 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Decarboxylative halogenation, or halodecarboxylation, represents one of the fundamental key methods for the synthesis of ubiquitous organic halides. The method is based on conversion of carboxylic acids to the corresponding organic halides via selective cleavage of a carbon-carbon bond between the skeleton of the molecule and the carboxylic group and the liberation of carbon dioxide. In this review, we discuss and analyze major approaches for the conversion of alkanoic, alkenoic, acetylenic, and (hetero)aromatic acids to the corresponding alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, and (hetero)aryl halides. These methods include the preparation of families of valuable organic iodides, bromides, chlorides, and fluorides. The historic and modern methods for halodecarboxylation reactions are broadly discussed, including analysis of their advantages and drawbacks. We critically address the features, reaction selectivity, substrate scopes, and limitations of the approaches. In the available cases, mechanistic details of the reactions are presented, and the generality and uniqueness of the different mechanistic pathways are highlighted. The challenges, opportunities, and future directions in the field of decarboxylative halogenation are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrii Varenikov
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 3200008, Israel
| | - Evgeny Shapiro
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 3200008, Israel
| | - Mark Gandelman
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 3200008, Israel
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170
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Maddigan‐Wyatt J, Hooper JF. Phosphorus Compounds as Precursors and Catalysts for Radical C−C Bond‐Forming Reactions. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202001397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Joel F. Hooper
- School of Chemistry Monash University Clayton 3800 Victoria Australia
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171
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Aynetdinova D, Callens MC, Hicks HB, Poh CYX, Shennan BDA, Boyd AM, Lim ZH, Leitch JA, Dixon DJ. Installing the “magic methyl” – C–H methylation in synthesis. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:5517-5563. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00973c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Following notable cases of remarkable potency increases in methylated analogues of lead compounds, this review documents the state-of-the-art in C–H methylation technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniya Aynetdinova
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Oxford
- UK
| | - Mia C. Callens
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Oxford
- UK
| | - Harry B. Hicks
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Oxford
- UK
| | - Charmaine Y. X. Poh
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Oxford
- UK
| | | | - Alistair M. Boyd
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Oxford
- UK
| | - Zhong Hui Lim
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Oxford
- UK
| | - Jamie A. Leitch
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Oxford
- UK
| | - Darren J. Dixon
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Oxford
- UK
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172
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He S, Li H, Chen X, Krylov IB, Terent'ev AO, Qu L, Yu B. Advances of N-Hydroxyphthalimide Esters in Photocatalytic Alkylation Reactions. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202105041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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173
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Ma CH, Chen M, Feng ZW, Zhang Y, Wang J, Jiang YQ, Yu B. Functionalization of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines via radical reactions. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj00704a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The recent advances in radical reactions for the direct functionalization of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hua Ma
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions
- Ministry of Education
- Henan Engineering Research Centre of Chiral Hydroxyl Pharmaceutical
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Chemical Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Materials
| | - Ming Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions
- Ministry of Education
- Henan Engineering Research Centre of Chiral Hydroxyl Pharmaceutical
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Chemical Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Materials
| | - Zhi-Wen Feng
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions
- Ministry of Education
- Henan Engineering Research Centre of Chiral Hydroxyl Pharmaceutical
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Chemical Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Materials
| | - Yan Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions
- Ministry of Education
- Henan Engineering Research Centre of Chiral Hydroxyl Pharmaceutical
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Chemical Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Materials
| | - Jin Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions
- Ministry of Education
- Henan Engineering Research Centre of Chiral Hydroxyl Pharmaceutical
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Chemical Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Materials
| | - Yu-Qin Jiang
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions
- Ministry of Education
- Henan Engineering Research Centre of Chiral Hydroxyl Pharmaceutical
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Chemical Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Materials
| | - Bing Yu
- Green Catalysis Centre
- College of Chemistry
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- China
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174
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Liu C, Shen N, Shang R. Photocatalytic decarboxylative alkylation of silyl enol ether and enamide with N-(acyloxy)phthalimide using ammonium iodide. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00648g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Under visible light, a catalytic amount of ammonium iodide promotes the decarboxylative alkylation of silyl enol ether and enamide with aliphatic N-(acyloxy)phthalimide through the photoactivation of a transiently assembled chromophore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Liu
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei 230026
- China
| | - Ni Shen
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei 230026
- China
| | - Rui Shang
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei 230026
- China
- Department of Chemistry
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175
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Ma P, Liu Y, Chen L, Zhao X, Yang B, Zhang J. Photocatalyst- and additive-free decarboxylative alkylation of N-aryl tetrahydroisoquinolines induced by visible light. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00261a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A photocatalyst- and additive-free visible light induced decarboxylative alkylation of N-aryl tetrahydroisoquinolines has been developed using tetrachloro-N-hydroxyphthalimide esters as alkylation agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengju Ma
- International Joint Research Center for Molecular Science
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen
- P. R. China
| | - Yufei Liu
- International Joint Research Center for Molecular Science
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen
- P. R. China
| | - Lingling Chen
- International Joint Research Center for Molecular Science
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen
- P. R. China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100085
- China
| | - Bo Yang
- International Joint Research Center for Molecular Science
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen
- P. R. China
| | - Junmin Zhang
- International Joint Research Center for Molecular Science
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen
- P. R. China
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176
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Das S, Parida SK, Mandal T, Hota SK, Roy L, De Sarkar S, Murarka S. An organophotoredox-catalyzed redox-neutral cascade involving N-(acyloxy)phthalimides and maleimides. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00170a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A mild and efficient organophotoredox-catalyzed redox-neutral cascade involving maleimides and N-(acyloxy)phthalimides allowing the synthesis of otherwise inaccessible Z-selective alkoxy-alkylidenesuccinimides is achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanju Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata
- Mohanpur-741246
- India
| | | | - Tanumoy Mandal
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata
- Mohanpur-741246
- India
| | | | - Lisa Roy
- Institute of Chemical Technology Mumbai
- IOC Odisha Campus Bhubaneswar
- Bhubaneswar 751013
- India
| | - Suman De Sarkar
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata
- Mohanpur-741246
- India
| | - Sandip Murarka
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur
- India
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177
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Chen N, Ye Z, Zhang F. Recent progress on electrochemical synthesis involving carboxylic acids. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:5501-5520. [PMID: 34079974 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00420d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Carboxylic acids are not only essential sections of medicinal molecules, natural products and agrochemicals but also basic building blocks for organic synthesis. However, high temperature, expensive catalysts and excess oxidants are normally required for carboxylic acid group transformations. Therefore, more eco-friendly and efficient methods are urgently needed. Organic electrochemistry, as an environmentally friendly and sustainable synthetic method, can potentially avoid the above problems and is favored by more and more organic chemists. This review summarized the recent progress on the electrochemical synthesis of carboxylic acids to construct more complex compounds, emphasizing the development of electrosynthesis methodologies and mechanisms in order to attract more chemists to recognize the importance and applications of electrochemical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China.
| | - Zenghui Ye
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China.
| | - Fengzhi Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China.
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178
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Bhattacharyya A, De Sarkar S, Das A. Supramolecular Engineering and Self-Assembly Strategies in Photoredox Catalysis. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c04952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayan Bhattacharyya
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Suman De Sarkar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246. India
| | - Anindita Das
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
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179
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Dong Y, Ji P, Zhang Y, Wang C, Meng X, Wang W. Organophotoredox-Catalyzed Formation of Alkyl-Aryl and -Alkyl C-S/Se Bonds from Coupling of Redox-Active Esters with Thio/Selenosulfonates. Org Lett 2020; 22:9562-9567. [PMID: 33300807 PMCID: PMC7936573 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A mild organophotoredox synthetic protocol for forming a Csp3-S/Se bond by reacting widespread redox-active esters with thio/selenosulfonates has been developed. The power of the synthetic manifold is fueled by an unprecedented broad substrate scope and wide functional group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Dong
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Chemistry and Biochemistry, and BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Peng Ji
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Chemistry and Biochemistry, and BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Yueteng Zhang
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Chemistry and Biochemistry, and BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Changqing Wang
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Chemistry and Biochemistry, and BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Xiang Meng
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Chemistry and Biochemistry, and BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Chemistry and Biochemistry, and BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
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180
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Abstract
The merger of transition metal catalysis and electroorganic synthesis has recently emerged as a versatile platform for the development of highly enabling radical reactions in a sustainable fashion. Electrochemistry provides access to highly reactive radical species under extremely mild reaction conditions from abundant native functionalities. Transition metal catalysts can be used as redox-active electrocatalysts to shuttle electrons, chiral information to organic substrates, and the reactive intermediates in the electrolytic systems. The combination of these strategies in this mechanistic paradigm thus makes the generation and utilization of radical species in a chemoselective manner and allows further application to more synthetically attractive enantioselective radical transformations. This perspective discusses key advances over the past few years in the field of electrochemical transition metal catalysis and demonstrates how the unique features of this strategy permit challenging or previously elusive transformations via radical pathways to be successfully achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqing Lu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yukang Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Terry McCallum
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Niankai Fu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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181
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Chandrachud PP, Wojtas L, Lopchuk JM. Decarboxylative Amination: Diazirines as Single and Double Electrophilic Nitrogen Transfer Reagents. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:21743-21750. [PMID: 33332115 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquity of nitrogen-containing small molecules in medicine necessitates the continued search for improved methods for C-N bond formation. Electrophilic amination often requires a disparate toolkit of reagents whose selection depends on the specific structure and functionality of the substrate to be aminated. Further, many of these reagents are challenging to handle, engage in undesired side reactions, and function only within a narrow scope. Here we report the use of diazirines as practical reagents for the decarboxylative amination of simple and complex redox-active esters. The diaziridines thus produced are readily diversifiable to amines, hydrazines, and nitrogen-containing heterocycles in one step. The reaction has also been applied in fluorous phase synthesis with a perfluorinated diazirine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti P Chandrachud
- Drug Discovery Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Lukasz Wojtas
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Justin M Lopchuk
- Drug Discovery Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States.,Department of Oncologic Sciences, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
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182
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Panferova LI, Zubkov MO, Kokorekin VA, Levin VV, Dilman AD. Using the Thiyl Radical for Aliphatic Hydrogen-Atom Transfer: Thiolation of Unactivated C-H Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:2849-2854. [PMID: 33146419 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A metal- and catalyst-free thiyl-radical-mediated activation of alkanes is described. Tetrafluoropyridinyl disulfide is used to perform thiolation of the C-H bonds under irradiation with 400 nm light-emitting diodes. The key C-H activation step is believed to proceed via hydrogen-atom abstraction effected by the fluorinated thiyl radical. Secondary, tertiary, and heteroatom-substituted C-H bonds can be involved in the thiolation reaction. The resulting sulfides have wide potential as photoredox-active radical precursors in reactions with alkenes and heteroarenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liubov I Panferova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leninsky prosp. 47, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail O Zubkov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leninsky prosp. 47, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir A Kokorekin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leninsky prosp. 47, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vitalij V Levin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leninsky prosp. 47, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander D Dilman
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leninsky prosp. 47, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
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183
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Panferova LI, Zubkov MO, Kokorekin VA, Levin VV, Dilman AD. Using the Thiyl Radical for Aliphatic Hydrogen‐Atom Transfer: Thiolation of Unactivated C−H Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202011400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liubov I. Panferova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Leninsky prosp. 47 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail O. Zubkov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Leninsky prosp. 47 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir A. Kokorekin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Leninsky prosp. 47 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Vitalij V. Levin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Leninsky prosp. 47 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Alexander D. Dilman
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Leninsky prosp. 47 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
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184
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Yang T, Jiang Y, Luo Y, Lim JJH, Lan Y, Koh MJ. Chemoselective Union of Olefins, Organohalides, and Redox-Active Esters Enables Regioselective Alkene Dialkylation. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:21410-21419. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 12 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117549, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 12 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117549, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yixin Luo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Joel Jun Han Lim
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 12 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117549, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yu Lan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
- College of Chemistry and Institute of Green Catalysis, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Ming Joo Koh
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 12 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117549, Republic of Singapore
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185
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Du HW, Chen Y, Sun J, Gao QS, Wang H, Zhou MD. Synthesis of gem-Difluoroalkenes via Zn-Mediated Decarboxylative/Defluorinative Cross-Coupling. Org Lett 2020; 22:9342-9345. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Wu Du
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun 113001, P. R. China
| | - Yang Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun 113001, P. R. China
| | - Jing Sun
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun 113001, P. R. China
| | - Qi-Sheng Gao
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun 113001, P. R. China
| | - He Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun 113001, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Dong Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun 113001, P. R. China
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186
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Zheng L, Jiang Q, Bao H, Zhou B, Luo SP, Jin H, Wu H, Liu Y. Tertiary Amines Acting as Alkyl Radical Equivalents Enabled by a P/N Heteroleptic Cu(I) Photosensitizer. Org Lett 2020; 22:8888-8893. [PMID: 33166146 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An unprecedented exploration of tertiary amines as alkyl radical equivalents for cross-coupling with aromatic alkynes to access allylarenes has been achieved by a P/N heteroleptic Cu(I)-based photosensitizer under photoredox catalysis conditions. Mechanistic studies reveal that the reaction might undergo radical addition of in situ-generated α-amino radical intermediates to alkynes followed by 1,5-hydrogen transfer, C-N bond cleavage, and concomitant isomerization of the resulting allyl radical species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limeng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Qinfang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Hanyang Bao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Bingwei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Ping Luo
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Hongwei Jin
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Huayue Wu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325027, P. R. China
| | - Yunkui Liu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
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187
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188
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Liu HY, Lu Y, Li Y, Li JH. Photocatalytic Decarboxylative [2 + 2 + m] Cyclization of 1,7-Enynes Mediated by Tricyclohexylphosphine and Potassium Iodide. Org Lett 2020; 22:8819-8823. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutant Control and Resource Recycling, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Yuan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutant Control and Resource Recycling, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutant Control and Resource Recycling, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Jin-Heng Li
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutant Control and Resource Recycling, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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189
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Synergistic photoredox and copper catalysis by diode-like coordination polymer with twisted and polar copper-dye conjugation. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5384. [PMID: 33097706 PMCID: PMC7584659 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19172-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Synergistic photoredox and copper catalysis confers new synthetic possibilities in the pharmaceutical field, but is seriously affected by the consumptive fluorescence quenching of Cu(II). By decorating bulky auxiliaries into a photoreductive triphenylamine-based ligand to twist the conjugation between the triphenylamine-based ligand and the polar Cu(II)–carboxylate node in the coordination polymer, we report a heterogeneous approach to directly confront this inherent problem. The twisted and polar Cu(II)–dye conjunction endows the coordination polymer with diode-like photoelectronic behaviours, which hampers the inter- and intramolecular photoinduced electron transfer from the triphenylamine-moiety to the Cu(II) site and permits reversed-directional ground-state electronic conductivity, rectifying the productive loop circuit for synergising photoredox and copper catalysis in pharmaceutically valuable decarboxylative C(sp3)–heteroatom couplings. The well-retained Cu(II) sites during photoirradiation exhibit unique inner-spheric modulation effects, which endow the couplings with adaptability to different types of nucleophiles and radical precursors under concise reaction conditions, and distinguish the multi-olefinic moieties of biointeresting steride derivatives in their late-stage trifluoromethylation-chloration difunctionalisation. Synergistic photoredox–copper catalysis is limited by fluorescence quenching of Cu(II) ions to photoreductive dyes in solution. Here, the authors compromise photoreduction and Cu(II) catalysis by diode-like coordination polymer with twisted Cu(II)–dye conjugation, revealing its vast application vistas.
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190
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Decarboxylative thiolation of redox-active esters to free thiols and further diversification. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5340. [PMID: 33087708 PMCID: PMC7578659 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19195-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Thiols are important precursors for the synthesis of a variety of pharmaceutically important sulfur-containing compounds. In view of the versatile reactivity of free thiols, here we report the development of a visible light-mediated direct decarboxylative thiolation reaction of alkyl redox-active esters to free thiols based on the abundant carboxylic acid feedstock. This transformation is applicable to various carboxylic acids, including primary, secondary, and tertiary acids as well as natural products and drugs, forging a general and facile access to free thiols with diverse structures. Moreover, the direct access to free thiols affords an advantage of rapid in situ diversification with high efficiency to other important thiol derivatives such as sulfide, disulfide, thiocyanide, thioselenide, etc. Thiols are important precursors for the synthesis of a variety of pharmaceutically important sulfur-containing compounds. Here, the authors report a visible light-mediated decarboxylative thiolation of alkyl redox-active esters to free thiols and the in situ product diversification of a number of thiol derivatives.
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191
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McDonald TR, Mills LR, West MS, Rousseaux SAL. Selective Carbon–Carbon Bond Cleavage of Cyclopropanols. Chem Rev 2020; 121:3-79. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler R. McDonald
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - L. Reginald Mills
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Michael S. West
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Sophie A. L. Rousseaux
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
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192
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Li Z, Wang KF, Zhao X, Ti H, Liu XG, Wang H. Manganese-mediated reductive functionalization of activated aliphatic acids and primary amines. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5036. [PMID: 33028818 PMCID: PMC7542462 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18834-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alkyl carboxylic acids as well as primary amines are ubiquitous in all facets of biological science, pharmaceutical science, chemical science and materials science. By chemical conversion to redox-active esters (RAE) and Katritzky's N-alkylpyridinium salts, respectively, alkyl carboxylic acids and primary amines serve as ideal starting materials to forge new connections. In this work, a Mn-mediated reductive decarboxylative/deaminative functionalization of activated aliphatic acids and primary amines is disclosed. A series of C-X (X = S, Se, Te, H, P) and C-C bonds are efficiently constructed under simple and mild reaction conditions. The protocol is applicable to the late-stage modification of some structurally complex natural products or drugs. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest the involvement of radicals in the reaction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ke-Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Huihui Ti
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Xu-Ge Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Honggen Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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193
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Chen KQ, Wang ZX, Chen XY. Photochemical Decarboxylative C(sp3)–X Coupling Facilitated by Weak Interaction of N-Heterocyclic Carbene. Org Lett 2020; 22:8059-8064. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Quan Chen
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Wang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Chen
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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194
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Zhang YL, Yang L, Wu J, Zhu C, Wang P. Vinyl Sulfonium Salts as the Radical Acceptor for Metal-Free Decarboxylative Alkenylation. Org Lett 2020; 22:7768-7772. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jie Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chunyin Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Energy Regulation Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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195
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Song H, Cheng R, Min QQ, Zhang X. Decarboxylative and Deaminative Alkylation of Difluoroenoxysilanes via Photoredox Catalysis: A General Method for Site-Selective Synthesis of Difluoroalkylated Alkanes. Org Lett 2020; 22:7747-7751. [PMID: 32946242 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A general method for site-selective difluoroalkylation of alkyl carboxylic redox esters with difluoroenoxysilanes through photoredox-catalyzed decarboxylative reaction has been developed. The reaction can also be extended to aliphatic amine derived pyridinium salts. This method has the advantages of high efficiency, mild reaction conditions, and broad substrate scope, including primary, secondary, and sterically hindered tertiaryl alkyl substrates, providing a general and practical route for applications in organic synthesis and pharmaceutical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Song
- College of Chemistry, Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ran Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qiao-Qiao Min
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xingang Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.,Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
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196
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Qin P, Sun J, Wang F, Wang J, Wang H, Zhou M. Visible‐Light‐Induced C2 Alkylation of Heterocyclic N‐Oxides with N‐Hydroxyphthalimide Esters under Metal‐Free Conditions. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pi‐Tao Qin
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Liaoning Shihua University Fushun 113001 People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Sun
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Liaoning Shihua University Fushun 113001 People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Liaoning Shihua University Fushun 113001 People's Republic of China
| | - Jing‐Yun Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Liaoning Shihua University Fushun 113001 People's Republic of China
| | - He Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Liaoning Shihua University Fushun 113001 People's Republic of China
| | - Ming‐Dong Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Liaoning Shihua University Fushun 113001 People's Republic of China
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197
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Clayman PD, Hyster TK. Photoenzymatic Generation of Unstabilized Alkyl Radicals: An Asymmetric Reductive Cyclization. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:15673-15677. [PMID: 32857506 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c07918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Flavin-dependent "ene"-reductases can generate stabilized alkyl radicals when irradiated with visible light; however, they are not known to form unstabilized radicals. Here, we report an enantioselective radical cyclization using alkyl iodides as precursors to unstabilized nucleophilic radicals. Evidence suggests this species is accessed by photoexcitation of a charge-transfer complex that forms between flavin and substrate within the protein active site. Stereoselective delivery of a hydrogen atom from the flavin semiquinone to the prochiral radical formed after cyclization provides high levels of enantioselectivity across a variety of substrates. Overall, this transformation demonstrates that photoenzymatic catalysis can address long-standing selectivity challenges in the radical literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip D Clayman
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Todd K Hyster
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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198
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Photoinduced Copper‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Decarboxylative Alkynylation with Terminal Alkynes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:16926-16932. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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199
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Xia H, Li Z, Gu Q, Dong X, Fang J, Du X, Wang L, Liu X. Photoinduced Copper‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Decarboxylative Alkynylation with Terminal Alkynes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai‐Dong Xia
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Zhong‐Liang Li
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Qiang‐Shuai Gu
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Xiao‐Yang Dong
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Jia‐Heng Fang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Xuan‐Yi Du
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Li‐Lei Wang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Xin‐Yuan Liu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
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200
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Zhu F, Walczak MA. Stereochemistry of Transition Metal Complexes Controlled by the Metallo-Anomeric Effect. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:15127-15136. [PMID: 32786781 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c06882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The use of stereoelectronic interactions to control reactivity and selectivity has a long history in chemistry. The anomeric effect, one of the fundamental concepts in organic chemistry, describes the preferences of a substituent at the anomeric carbon in glycosides to adopt axial configuration when the anomeric group is an electronegative element such as oxygen or a halogen. The origin of the anomeric effect has been the subject of intense debate. Explanations capitalizing on either the delocalization of the endocyclic oxygen lone pair into the antibonding σ*(C-X) orbital or the minimization of the dipole-dipole interactions are currently the two leading theoretical models. Although the majority of experimental and theoretical studies have focused on the elements from groups 6 and 7, little is known about conformational preferences of tetrahydropyran rings substituted with a transition metal at the anomeric carbon and the role of these interactions in stereoselective synthesis. Here, we report studies on conformational and configurational preferences of organometallic complexes stabilized by vicinal heteroatoms. We provide computational evidence that late transition metals adopt the axial position in heterocycles or synclinal geometry in acyclic systems. Furthermore, the anomeric preferences of late transition metals correlate with the oxidation state of the metal and can be explained by hyperconjugative interactions between endocyclic heteroatom and the σ* acceptor orbitals of the C-M bond. In a broader context, this discovery provides insight into the role of previously unanticipated stereoelectronic effects that can be harnessed in the design of stereoselective reactions, including chemical glycosylation and enantioselective catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Maciej A Walczak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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