151
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Li Z, Wang ZY, Zhao YL, Xing YL, Zhu W. An Environmentally Benign Method for the Synthesis of SymmetricalN, N′-Disubstituted Thioureas in a Water Medium. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2005. [DOI: 10.1080/104265090968082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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152
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Tozawa T, Yamane Y, Mukaiyama T. An Effective Method for the Synthesis of Carboxamides by Using Tetrakis(pyridine-2-yloxy)silane as a Mild Coupling Reagent. CHEM LETT 2005. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2005.1334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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153
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Breuzard JAJ, Christ-Tommasino ML, Lemaire M. Chiral Ureas and Thiroureas in Asymmetric Catalysis. TOP ORGANOMETAL CHEM 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/b136352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
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154
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Knoben HP, Schlüter U, Redlich H. Synthesis of N-unsubstituted, mono- and disubstituted carbohydrate-1-O-carbamates and their behaviour in glycoside syntheses. Carbohydr Res 2005; 339:2821-33. [PMID: 15582608 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2004.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2004] [Accepted: 10/03/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The syntheses of 44 1-carbamates from six different 1-O-unprotected carbohydrate derivatives (compounds 1-6), representing typical protecting pattern in glycoside synthesis, are described. The carbamate function is N-unsubstituted (compounds 1b-6b), mono- (compounds a: N-trichloroacetyl, c: N-monochloroacetyl, d: N-acetyl, e: N-ethyl, f: N-allyl, g: N-phenyl) or disubstituted (compounds h: imidazolyl, i: N-diethyl, j: N-diphenyl). Additionally, three N-chlorosulfonyl carbamates are synthesized and used as intermediates for the synthesis of N-unsubstituted compounds b. The accessibility of these compounds is described and compared. Some of the carbamates (1, 4, 5a-j) are used as model compounds for systematic investigations in glycoside syntheses. Selected experimental data (reaction conditions, anomeric ratios, rotation values, selected NMR data) are tabulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Peter Knoben
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
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155
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Tozawa T, Yamane Y, Mukaiyama T. A Convenient Method for Preparations of 1-Acylimidazoles and Carboxamides by Using Novel Imidazolylsilane Derivatives. CHEM LETT 2005. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2005.734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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156
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157
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Katritzky AR, Ledoux S, Witek RM, Nair SK. 1-(Alkyl/arylthiocarbamoyl)benzotriazoles as stable isothiocyanate equivalents: synthesis of Di- and trisubstituted thioureas. J Org Chem 2004; 69:2976-82. [PMID: 15104434 DOI: 10.1021/jo035680d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
1-(Alkyl/arylthiocarbamoyl)benzotriazoles 4a-i were synthesized in yields of 91-99% from bis(benzotriazolyl)methanethione (3). Reagents 4a-g were then used as isothiocyanate equivalents for the efficient synthesis of 10 secondary and 14 tertiary thioureas in high-yielding, convenient processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan R Katritzky
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, USA.
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158
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Yamamoto Y, Nakano S, Maekawa H, Nishiguchi I. Zn-Promoted Regioselective and Sequence-Selective One-Pot Joining Reaction of Three Components: Alkyl Iodides, α,β-Unsaturated Esters (or Nitriles), and Acylating Agents. Org Lett 2004; 6:799-802. [PMID: 14986978 DOI: 10.1021/ol036506e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
One-pot treatment of alkyl iodides, alpha,beta-unsaturated esters (or nitriles), and acylating agents such as nitriles or acid anhydrides in the presence of Zn metal at room temperature in the same reaction system brought about a regioselective and sequence-selective three-component joining reaction involving first C-alkylation at the beta-position and second C-acylation at the alpha-position of alpha,beta-unsaturated esters (or nitriles) to afford the corresponding alpha,alpha-dialkylketoesters (or alpha,alpha-dialkylketonitriles) in moderate to good yields. [reaction: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimasa Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1 Kamitomioka-cho, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan
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159
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Basta PV, Adcock AF, Tallent CR, Fleming DN, Seltzman HH, Whisnant CC, Cook CE. Preparation of monoclonal antibodies reactive to the endogenous small molecule, anandamide. J Immunol Methods 2004; 285:181-95. [PMID: 14980433 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2003.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2003] [Revised: 12/01/2003] [Accepted: 12/01/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The development of an easy and inexpensive immunoassay to measure the limited quantities of endogenous cannabinoids found in the body would be beneficial for both cannabinoid researchers and clinicians. This report describes the hapten design and carrier molecule strategy that we used to generate a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mAB) to the endogenous cannabinoid anandamide (N-arachidonylethanolamide, AEA). We designed and successfully prepared a hapten, N-arachidonyl-7-amino-6-hydroxy-heptanoic acid (AHA), which retained the basic characteristic features of anandamide--the carboxamide, the hydroxyl and the lipophilic arachidonyl moiety with its skipped double bond system, while still allowing attachment to protein. In addition, a secondary alcohol structure was added to reduce the potential for biological hydrolysis of the hapten. Because of the diverse responses obtained after coupling this hapten to four different carriers, we determined that the type of carrier molecule used was particularly important for generating anti-anandamide antibodies. Described in this report are the characteristics of a panel of 11 mAB, generated from four separate fusions, with a range of relative affinities and cross reactivities. Excellent selectivity for anandamide vs. two other endogenous cannabinoids and arachidonic acid was achieved this strategy (cross-reactivities <5%). In addition, at least one mAB maintained specificity for anandamide compared to two very closely related fatty acid amide molecules. However, the IC50 values in a standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) format (ca. 2-3 microM) indicate that improvement in antibody affinities or assay format will be required for an immunoassay to measure endogenous levels. Such work is underway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia V Basta
- Proteomics Research Group, Science and Engineering, RTI International, P.O. Box 12194, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2194, USA.
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160
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161
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Wakasugi K, Iida A, Misaki T, Nishii Y, Tanabe Y. Simple, Mild, and Practical Esterification, Thioesterification, and Amide Formation Utilizingp-Toluenesulfonyl Chloride andN-Methylimidazole. Adv Synth Catal 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200303093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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162
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Maier S, Loontjens T, Scholtens B, Mülhaupt R. Carbonylbiscaprolactam (CBC) - ein vielseitiges Reagens für die organische Synthese und die isocyanatfreie Urethanchemie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200351867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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163
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Maier S, Loontjens T, Scholtens B, Mülhaupt R. Carbonylbiscaprolactam: A Versatile Reagent for Organic Synthesis and Isocyanate-Free Urethane Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2003; 42:5094-7. [PMID: 14595642 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200351867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Maier
- Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum und Institut für Makromolekulare Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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164
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165
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Efficient construction of bicyclic systems by an internal SN2′ enolate alkylation/ring-closing metathesis (RCM) strategy: a concise synthesis of the trans-hydrindane nucleus. Tetrahedron Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(03)01780-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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166
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Yamamoto Y, Maekawa H, Goda S, Nishiguchi I. Novel one-pot vicinal double C-acylation of styrenes and methacrylates by electroreduction. Org Lett 2003; 5:2755-8. [PMID: 12868907 DOI: 10.1021/ol035020v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] Electroreduction of styrenes or alkyl methacrylates in the presence of aliphatic acid anhydrides or N-acylimidazoles with an undivided cell equipped with zinc electrodes as the anode and the cathode brought about novel one-pot vicinal double C-acylation to afford the corresponding 1,4-diketones in satisfactory yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimasa Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1, Kamitomioka-cho, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan
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167
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Wakasugi K, Nakamura A, Iida A, Nishii Y, Nakatani N, Fukushima S, Tanabe Y. Novel and efficient method for esterification, amidation between carboxylic acids and equimolar amounts of alcohols, and amines utilizing Me2NSO2Cl and N,N-dimethylamines; its application to the synthesis of coumaperine, a natural chemopreventive dieneamide. Tetrahedron 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(03)00734-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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168
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New and efficient method for esterification of carboxylic acids with simple primary and secondary alcohols using cerium(IV) ammonium nitrate (CAN). Tetrahedron Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(02)02578-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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169
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Vavourakis N, Leondiadis L, Ferderigos N. A new tag reagent for efficient capping and easy separation of deletion peptides. Tetrahedron Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(02)02010-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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170
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171
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Unger FM. The chemistry of oligosaccharide ligands of selectins: significance for the development of new immunomodulatory medicines. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 2002; 57:207-435. [PMID: 11836943 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2318(01)57018-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F M Unger
- Institute of Chemistry and Center for Ultrastructure Research, Agricultural University, Vienna, Austria
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172
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Stembera K, Buchynskyy A, Vogel S, Knoll D, Osman AA, Ayala JA, Welzel P. Moenomycin-mediated affinity purification of penicillin-binding protein 1b. Chembiochem 2002; 3:332-40. [PMID: 11933234 DOI: 10.1002/1439-7633(20020402)3:4<332::aid-cbic332>3.0.co;2-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The antibiotic moenomycin A inhibits the biosynthesis of peptidoglycan, the main structural polymer of the bacterial cell wall. The inhibition is based on a reversible binding of the antibiotic to one of the substrate binding sites at enzymes such as the penicillin binding protein 1b (PBP 1b). This binding has been employed to isolate PBP 1b by affinity chromatography. Suitable ligands have been prepared from moenomycin A and coupled both to affinity supports and to surface plasmon resonance sensor surfaces. The reactions that take place upon immobilization of the ligands to the affinity support and the sensor surface, respectively, have been studied in detail. With the help of surface plasmon resonance the optimal conditions for binding of PBP 1b to moenomycin-derivated ligands have been established. For the first time the selective binding of the moenomycin sugar moiety to the enzyme has been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherina Stembera
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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173
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174
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Yoksan R, Akashi M, Biramontri S, Chirachanchai S. Hydrophobic chain conjugation at hydroxyl group onto gamma-ray irradiated chitosan. Biomacromolecules 2002; 2:1038-44. [PMID: 11710007 DOI: 10.1021/bm0155569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
gamma-Ray irradiation of chitosan flakes and introduction of hydrophobic chains onto hydroxyl groups are discussed. At 25 kGy, chain degradation without cross-linking reduces the molecular weight to one-fourth; however, structural characterization by FT-IR, 1H NMR, and 13C CP/MAS NMR indicates that the saccharide units are maintained. Introduction of hydrophobic chains is accomplished by introduction of alkylamine groups onto the chitosan carbonyl imidazole precursor. The chitosan coupling reaction is improved and can be done homogeneously as a result of gamma-ray irradiation. The optimum conditions for phthalimido group deprotection are studied to generate a unique product with a hydrophobic chain attached mainly at the hydroxyl group (C-6 and/or C-3) while the amino group (C-2) is retained as characterized by FT-IR and 1H NMR. The final product shows fair solubility in organic solvents, such as DMSO, DMAc, DMF, and pyridine.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Yoksan
- Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Chulalongkom University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
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175
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Huang W, Kim JB, Bruening ML, Baker GL. Functionalization of Surfaces by Water-Accelerated Atom-Transfer Radical Polymerization of Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate and Subsequent Derivatization. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma011159e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenxi Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Fundamental Materials Research, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Jong-Bum Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Fundamental Materials Research, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Merlin L. Bruening
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Fundamental Materials Research, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Gregory L. Baker
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Fundamental Materials Research, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
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176
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McPherson DW, Breeden WK, Beets AL, Luo H, Sood V, Knapp FF. Stereoselective synthesis, in vitro, and initial in vivo evaluation of 1-methylpiperidin-4-yl alpha-hydroxy-alpha-(1-iodo-1-propen-3-yl)-alpha-phenylacetate (IPIP): a novel radioiodinated molecular probe with high affinity for the muscarinic receptor. Nucl Med Biol 2001; 28:959-73. [PMID: 11711316 DOI: 10.1016/s0969-8051(01)00252-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
1-Methylpiperidin-4-yl alpha-hydroxy-alpha-(1-iodo-1-propen-3-yl)-alpha-phenylacetate (IPIP, Fig. 1) was investigated as a potential radioiodinated molecular probe targeted to the muscarinic receptor complex. The IPIP stereoisomers were synthesized via a chiral intermediate in >95% enantiomeric excess. The R-isomers demonstrated a M(1) to M(2) subtype selectivity of approximately 3 to 1 and the S-isomers demonstrated non-subtype selective binding in vitro. IPIP was radiolabeled with iodide-125 with an average radiochemical yield of 74.4% (+/-14.8, n = 5), specific activities >800 mCi/micromol, and radiochemical purities >97%. In vivo the Z-isomers demonstrated high uniform cerebral uptake suggesting non-subtype selective binding. In contrast, E-R-IPIP, after allowing a low uptake in M(2) rich areas to clear, demonstrated a retention of activity in M(1) and M(4) rich cerebral regions. In addition, the cerebral uptake of E-R-IPIP and Z-S-IPIP were inhibited by 70-90% via pretreatment with R-QNB, an established muscarinic antagonist. An ex vivo metabolism study demonstrated Z-S-IPIP was stable at the receptor site with an absence of radiolabeled metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- D W McPherson
- Nuclear Medicine Group, Life Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Post Office Box 2008, Building 4501, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6229, USA.
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177
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Abstract
Cell-specific DNA delivery offers a great potential for targeted gene therapy. Toward this end, we have synthesized a series of compounds carrying galactose residues as a targeting ligand for asialoglycoprotein receptors of hepatocytes and primary amine groups as a functional domain for DNA binding. Biological activity of these galactosyl compounds in DNA delivery was evaluated in HepG2 and BL-6 cells and compared with respect to the number of galactose residues as well as primary amine groups in each molecule. Transfection experiments using a firefly luciferase gene as a reporter revealed that compounds with multivalent binding properties were more active in DNA delivery. An optimal transfection activity in HepG2 cells requires seven primary amine groups and a minimum of two galactose residues in each molecule. The transfection activity of compounds carrying multi-galactose residues can be inhibited by asialofetuin, a natural substrate for asialoglycoprotein receptors of hepatocytes, suggesting that gene transfer by these galactosyl compounds is asialoglycoprotein receptor-mediated. These results provide direct evidence in support of our new strategy for the use of small and synthetic compounds for cell specific and targeted gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ren
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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178
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Me2NSO2Cl and N,N-dimethylamines; a novel and efficient agent for esterification, amidation between carboxylic acids, and equimolar amounts of alcohols and amines. Tetrahedron Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(01)01444-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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179
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Chirachanchai S. Carbaryl insecticide conjugation onto chitosan via iodochitosan and chitosan carbonyl imidazolide precursors. Carbohydr Polym 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0144-8617(00)00275-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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180
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Menozzi G, Mosti L, Fossa P, Musiu C, Murgioni C, La Colla P. Synthesis and biological evaluation of azole derivatives, analogues of bifonazole, with a phenylisoxazolyl or phenylpyrimidinyl moiety. FARMACO (SOCIETA CHIMICA ITALIANA : 1989) 2001; 56:633-40. [PMID: 11680806 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-827x(01)01117-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of azole derivatives, isoxazole or pyrimidine analogues of the antifungal drug bifonazole, were synthesized and tested in vitro against representative human pathogenic fungi (Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans and Aspergillus fumigatus). They were also evaluated as antibacterial agents against Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella spp. Only 5-(imidazol-1-yl-phenylmethyl)-2,4-diphenyl-pyrimidine 7c showed weak antimicrobial activity (MIC = 66 microM) against C. albicans, C. neoformans and S. aureus. Results of biological tests proved, therefore, that replacement of the biphenyl portion of the bifonazole with a phenylisoxazolyl or phenylpyrimidinyl moiety is not profitable for antimicrobial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Menozzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Genova, Italy.
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181
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Kunishima M, Kawachi C, Hioki K, Terao K, Tani S. Formation of carboxamides by direct condensation of carboxylic acids and amines in alcohols using a new alcohol- and water-soluble condensing agent: DMT-MM. Tetrahedron 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(00)01137-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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182
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183
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Hayakawa T, Wang J, Sundararajan N, Xiang M, Li X, Glüsen B, Leung GC, Ueda M, Ober CK. Switching surface polarity: synthesis and characterization of a fluorinated block copolymer with surface‐active
tert
‐butoxycarbonyl groups. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1099-1395(200012)13:12<787::aid-poc326>3.0.co;2-#] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Teruaki Hayakawa
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2‐12‐1 Ohokayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152‐8552, Japan
| | - Jianguo Wang
- Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853‐1501, USA
| | - Narayan Sundararajan
- Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853‐1501, USA
| | - Maoliang Xiang
- Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853‐1501, USA
| | - Xuefa Li
- Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853‐1501, USA
| | - Birgit Glüsen
- Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853‐1501, USA
| | - Garlen C. Leung
- Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853‐1501, USA
| | - Mitsuru Ueda
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2‐12‐1 Ohokayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152‐8552, Japan
| | - Christopher K. Ober
- Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853‐1501, USA
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184
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The selective reaction of primary amines with carbonyl imidazole containing compounds: selective amide and carbamate synthesis. Org Lett 2000; 2:2117-20. [PMID: 10891244 DOI: 10.1021/ol006020n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new highly selective synthesis of amides and carbamates is described. In both cases the syntheses involve the formation of carbonyl imidazole intermediates which subsequently undergo previously unreported selective reactions with primary amines. Acid imidazolides with sufficient chain length will exclusively react with primary amines even in the presence of secondary and tertiary functionality. The imidazole carboxylic esters of secondary or tertiary alcohols also react selectively with primary amines, forming controlled carbamate structures.
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185
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Synthesis of beta-dicarbonyl compounds using 1-acylbenzotriazoles as regioselective C-acylating reagents. J Org Chem 2000; 65:3679-82. [PMID: 10864751 DOI: 10.1021/jo991878f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
1-Acylbenzotriazoles 1 are efficient C-acylation reagents for the regioselective conversion of ketone enolates 2 into beta-diketones 3.
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186
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Angyal SJ. myo-Inositol 4,6-carbonate: an easily prepared small molecule with three syn-axial hydroxyl groups. Carbohydr Res 2000; 325:313-20. [PMID: 10839124 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(99)00306-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
myo-Inositol 4,6-carbonate, a compound having three syn-axial hydroxyl groups, was synthesized in four steps suitable for gram-scale preparation. It readily forms complexes with cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Angyal
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
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187
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Waldrop AA, Fellers J, Vary CP. Chemiluminescent determination of hydrogen peroxide with 9-acridinecarbonylimidazole and use in measurement of glucose oxidase and alkaline phosphatase activity. LUMINESCENCE 2000; 15:169-82. [PMID: 10862146 DOI: 10.1002/1522-7243(200005/06)15:3<169::aid-bio583>3.0.co;2-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Several activated derivatives of 9-acridinecarboxylic acid were prepared in order to investigate their utility for detection of hydrogen peroxide. One of these derivatives, 9-acridinecarbonylimidazole (I), is especially stable and is a useful reagent for measuring, by chemiluminescence, the activity of a number of enzymes that directly produce peroxide, including glucose oxidase. Other enzymes can also be assayed if an appropriate intermediate substrate exists that ultimately produces hydrogen peroxide after being acted upon by the enzyme. 5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl phosphate (BCIP) and 3-indolyl phosphate (3-IP) are such substrates for alkaline phosphatase. The detection limits for both of these enzymes are in the 1-10 amol range. Other enzymes that can potentially be assayed using I include oxidases, hydrolases and dehydrogenases. Negative assays for compounds that consume or bind peroxide such as reducing agents, antioxidants, catalases and peroxidases are also feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Waldrop
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute (MMCRI), South Portland, ME, 04106, USA.
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188
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Corbel B, L'hostis-Kervella I, Haelters JP. Acylation of Diethyl Phosphonoacetic Acid Via the MgCl2/Et3N System: A Practical Synthesis of β-Keto Phosphonates. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2000. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910008087362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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189
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Shiina I, Saitoh K, Nakano M, Suenaga Y, Mukaiyama T. A Facile Synthesis of Carboxamides by Dehydration Condensation Between Free Carboxylic Acids and Amines Using O,O'-Di(2-pyridyl) Thiocarbonate as a Coupling Reagent. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1135/cccc20000621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Carboxamides are prepared in high yields by dehydration condensation between nearly equimolar amounts of free carboxylic acids and amines both of which involve secondary or tertiary alkyl substituted ones with O,O'-di(2-pyridyl) thiocarbonate, a coupling reagent, in the presence of a catalytic amount of 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine.
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190
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Albrecht M, Witt K, Wegelius E, Rissanen K. Solid State Structures of Amide-Substituted 8-Hydroxyquinoline Derivatives. Tetrahedron 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(99)01057-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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191
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1-(Methyldithiocarbonyl)imidazole: a Useful Thiocarbonyl Transfer Reagent for Synthesis of Substituted Thioureas. Tetrahedron 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(99)01026-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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192
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193
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Azolides: Structural aspects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s1521-4478(00)80008-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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194
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Rannard SP, Davis NJ. Controlled Synthesis of Asymmetric Dialkyl and Cyclic Carbonates Using the Highly Selective Reactions of Imidazole Carboxylic Esters. Org Lett 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ol9908528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steve P. Rannard
- Courtaulds Corporate Technology, Coatings and Sealants, Coventry, CV6 5RS, U.K
| | - Nicola J. Davis
- Courtaulds Corporate Technology, Coatings and Sealants, Coventry, CV6 5RS, U.K
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195
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Le Borgne M, Marchand P, Delevoye-Seiller B, Robert JM, Le Baut G, Hartmann RW, Palzer M. New selective nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitors: synthesis and inhibitory activity of 2,3 or 5-(alpha-azolylbenzyl)-1H-indoles. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1999; 9:333-6. [PMID: 10091679 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(98)00737-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Six azolyl substituted indoles were synthesized and tested for their activity to inhibit two P450 enzymes: P450 arom and P450 17a. It was observed that the introduction of alpha-imidazolylbenzyl chain at carbon 3 or 5 on indole nucleus led to very active molecules. Compounds 22, 23 and especially 33 demonstrate very high potential against P450 arom. Under our assay conditions of high substrate concentration the IC50 are 0.057, 0.0785 and 0.041 microM, respectively. These compounds are moderate inhibitors against P450 17alpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Le Borgne
- Laboratoire de Chimie Thérapeutique, Faculté de Pharmacie, Nantes, France.
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196
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Foces-Foces C, Llamas-Saiz AL, Elguero J. THE STRUCTURE OF N-ACETYLAZOLES (AZOLINES): A SEMIFMPIRICAL (AMI) COMPUTATIONAL STUDY. HETEROCYCL COMMUN 1999. [DOI: 10.1515/hc.1999.5.2.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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197
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Peerlings H, Meijer E. A mild and convenient method for the preparation of multi-isocyanates starting from primary amines. Tetrahedron Lett 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(98)02515-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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198
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Li T, Rosazza JP. NMR identification of an acyl-adenylate intermediate in the aryl-aldehyde oxidoreductase catalyzed reaction. J Biol Chem 1998; 273:34230-3. [PMID: 9852085 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.51.34230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A new one-pot synthesis was designed to prepare benzoyl-AMP under anhydrous conditions in N,N-dimethylformamide. Reaction of benzoic acid with N,N'-carbonyldiimidazole and subsequently with 5'-adenosyl monophosphate gave the mixed anhydride in 76% isolated yield. The structure of benzoyl-AMP was confirmed by mass spectroscopy and 1H-, 31P-, and 13C-NMR. The purity of the preparation was greater than 98% as indicated by 31P- and 13C-NMR. Purified aryl-aldehyde oxidoreductase was incubated in NMR tubes together with either carboxy-13C-benzoyl-AMP or carboxy-13C-benzoic acid to demonstrate that benzoyl-AMP is an active intermediate during the enzymatic reduction of benzoic acid to benzaldehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Li
- Division of Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry, and Center for Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
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199
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Nelson VC. Synthesis of isotopically labelled DNA degradation products for use in mass spectrometric studies of cellular DNA damage. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-1344(199608)38:8<713::aid-jlcr886>3.0.co;2-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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200
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Knölker HJ, Braxmeier T. Isocyanates, part 5 Synthesis of chiral oxazolidin-2-ones and imidazolidin-2-ones via DMAP-catalyzed isocyanation of amines with di-tert-butyl dicarbonate. Tetrahedron Lett 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(98)02194-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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