151
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Lang M, Holzmeier F, Hemberger P, Fischer I. Threshold Photoelectron Spectra of Combustion Relevant C4H5 and C4H7 Isomers. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:3995-4000. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b02153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Lang
- Institute
of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg
| | - Fabian Holzmeier
- Institute
of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg
| | - Patrick Hemberger
- Molecular
Dynamics Group, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen
PSI, Switzerland
| | - Ingo Fischer
- Institute
of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg
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152
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Le XT, Mai TVT, Ratkiewicz A, Huynh LK. Mechanism and Kinetics of Low-Temperature Oxidation of a Biodiesel Surrogate: Methyl Propanoate Radicals with Oxygen Molecule. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:3689-703. [DOI: 10.1021/jp5128282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan T. Le
- Institute for Computational Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tam V. T. Mai
- Institute for Computational Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Artur Ratkiewicz
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, ul Hurtowa 1, 15-399 Białystok, Poland
| | - Lam K. Huynh
- Institute for Computational Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- International University, Vietnam National University - HCMC, Linh Trung, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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153
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Pöschl U, Shiraiwa M. Multiphase chemistry at the atmosphere-biosphere interface influencing climate and public health in the anthropocene. Chem Rev 2015; 115:4440-75. [PMID: 25856774 DOI: 10.1021/cr500487s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Pöschl
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Manabu Shiraiwa
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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154
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Hu P, Amghouz Z, Huang Z, Xu F, Chen Y, Tang X. Surface-confined atomic silver centers catalyzing formaldehyde oxidation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:2384-2390. [PMID: 25634796 DOI: 10.1021/es504570n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Formaldehyde (HCHO) is a prior pollutant in both indoor and outdoor air, and catalytic oxidation proves the most promising technology for HCHO abatement. For this purpose, supported metal catalysts with single silver atoms confined at 4-fold O4-terminated surface hollow sites of a hollandite manganese oxide (HMO) as catalytic centers were synthesized and investigated in the complete oxidation of HCHO. Synchrotron X-ray diffraction patterns, X-ray absorption spectra, and electron diffraction tomography revealed that geometric structures and electronic states of the catalytic centers were tuned by the changes of HMO structures via controllable metal-support interactions. The catalytic tests demonstrated that the catalytically active centers with high electronic density of states and strong redox ability are favorable for enhancement of the catalytic efficiency in the HCHO oxidation. This work provides a strategy for designing efficient oxidation catalysts for controlling air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
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155
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Wang S, Sun K, Davidson DF, Jeffries JB, Hanson RK. Shock-Tube Measurement of Acetone Dissociation Using Cavity-Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy of CO. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:7257-62. [DOI: 10.1021/jp511642a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengkai Wang
- High Temperature Gasdynamics
Lab, Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Bldg. 520, Duena Street, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Kai Sun
- High Temperature Gasdynamics
Lab, Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Bldg. 520, Duena Street, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - David F. Davidson
- High Temperature Gasdynamics
Lab, Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Bldg. 520, Duena Street, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jay B. Jeffries
- High Temperature Gasdynamics
Lab, Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Bldg. 520, Duena Street, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Ronald K. Hanson
- High Temperature Gasdynamics
Lab, Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Bldg. 520, Duena Street, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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156
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Boussid N, Rezgui Y. Effect of the n-butanol addition on cyclopentadienyl radical formation during benzene combustion. KINETICS AND CATALYSIS 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s0023158415010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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157
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Cudry F, Oldham JM, Lingenfelter S, Suits AG. Strong-Field Ionization of Flash Pyrolysis Reaction Products. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:460-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jp510552a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fadia Cudry
- Department
of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - James M. Oldham
- Department
of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Steven Lingenfelter
- Department
of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Arthur G. Suits
- Department
of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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158
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Imdadul HK, Masjuki HH, Kalam MA, Zulkifli NWM, Rashed MM, Rashedul HK, Monirul IM, Mosarof MH. A comprehensive review on the assessment of fuel additive effects on combustion behavior in CI engine fuelled with diesel biodiesel blends. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra09563h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Development in transport technology is a major issue owing to the increase the number of vehicles, which in turn increases emissions, which result in global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. K. Imdadul
- Centre for Energy Sciences
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- University of Malaya
- Kuala Lumpur
| | - H. H. Masjuki
- Centre for Energy Sciences
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- University of Malaya
- Kuala Lumpur
| | - M. A. Kalam
- Centre for Energy Sciences
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- University of Malaya
- Kuala Lumpur
| | - N. W. M. Zulkifli
- Centre for Energy Sciences
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- University of Malaya
- Kuala Lumpur
| | - M. M. Rashed
- Centre for Energy Sciences
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- University of Malaya
- Kuala Lumpur
| | - H. K. Rashedul
- Centre for Energy Sciences
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- University of Malaya
- Kuala Lumpur
| | - I. M. Monirul
- Centre for Energy Sciences
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- University of Malaya
- Kuala Lumpur
| | - M. H. Mosarof
- Centre for Energy Sciences
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- University of Malaya
- Kuala Lumpur
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159
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Parandaman A, Balaganesh M, Rajakumar B. Experimental and theoretical study on thermal decomposition of methyl butanoate behind reflected shock waves. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra16977a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The rate coefficients for total decomposition of MB in the temperature range of 1229–1427 K, were reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Parandaman
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai-600036
- India
| | - M. Balaganesh
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai-600036
- India
| | - B. Rajakumar
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai-600036
- India
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160
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Hayes CJ, Burgess DR, Manion JA. Combustion Pathways of Biofuel Model Compounds. ADVANCES IN PHYSICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apoc.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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161
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Constantinidis P, Schmitt HC, Fischer I, Yan B, Rijs AM. Formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from bimolecular reactions of phenyl radicals at high temperatures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:29064-71. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp05354d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The self-reaction of the phenyl radical is one of the key reactions in combustion chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Constantinidis
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
- University of Würzburg
- Am Hubland
- D-97074 Würzburg
- Germany
| | - H.-C. Schmitt
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
- University of Würzburg
- Am Hubland
- D-97074 Würzburg
- Germany
| | - I. Fischer
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
- University of Würzburg
- Am Hubland
- D-97074 Würzburg
- Germany
| | - B. Yan
- Radboud University
- Institute for Molecules and Materials
- FELIX Laboratory
- Toernooiveld 7-c
- 6525 ED Nijmegen
| | - A. M. Rijs
- Radboud University
- Institute for Molecules and Materials
- FELIX Laboratory
- Toernooiveld 7-c
- 6525 ED Nijmegen
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162
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Tan T, Yang X, Ju Y, Carter EA. Ab initio pressure-dependent reaction kinetics of methyl propanoate radicals. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:31061-72. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp06004d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The unimolecular dissociation and isomerization kinetics of the three methyl propanoate (MP) radicals, CH3CH2C(O)OĊH2 (MP-m), CH3ĊHC(O)OCH3 (MP-α), and ĊH2CH2C(O)OCH3 (MP-β), are theoretically investigated using high-level ab initio methods and the Rice–Ramsperger–Kassel–Marcus (RRKM)/master equation (ME) theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Tan
- Department of Chemistry
- Princeton University
- Princeton
- USA
| | - Xueliang Yang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
- Princeton University
- Princeton
- USA
| | - Yiguang Ju
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
- Princeton University
- Princeton
- USA
| | - Emily A. Carter
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
- Princeton University
- Princeton
- USA
- Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics
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163
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Zhang L, Zhang P. Towards high-level theoretical studies of large biodiesel molecules: an ONIOM [QCISD(T)/CBS:DFT] study of hydrogen abstraction reactions of CnH2n+1COOCmH2m+1 + H. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:200-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp03004d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent interest in biodiesel combustion urges the need for the theoretical chemical kinetics of large alkyl ester molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidong Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
- Kowloon
- Hong Kong
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
- Kowloon
- Hong Kong
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164
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Wang QD, Zhang W. Influence of the double bond on the hydrogen abstraction reactions of methyl esters with hydrogen radical: an ab initio and chemical kinetic study. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra14880d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This work reports a systematic ab initio and chemical kinetic study of the rate constants for hydrogen atom abstraction reactions by hydrogen radical on the isomers of unsaturated C6 methyl esters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan-De Wang
- Low Carbon Energy Institute
- China University of Mining and Technology
- Xuzhou 221008
- People's Republic of China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Wuhan Institute of Marine Electric Propulsion
- CSIC
- Wuhan 430064
- People's Republic of China
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165
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Lai Y, Wang B, Chen X, Yuan Y, Zhong L, Qiao X, Zhang Y, Yuan M, Shu J, Wang P. Thermogravimetric Analysis of Combustion Characteristics of Palm Oil and Rapeseed Oil Biodiesel. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.3923/biotech.2015.9.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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166
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijie Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Stanford University; Stanford CA 94305
| | - David F. Davidson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Stanford University; Stanford CA 94305
| | - Ronald K. Hanson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Stanford University; Stanford CA 94305
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167
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Wang QD, Wang XJ, Liu ZW, Kang GJ. Theoretical and kinetic study of the hydrogen atom abstraction reactions of ethyl esters with hydrogen radicals. Chem Phys Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2014.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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168
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Transformations of Bjorkman lignin from European spruce (Picea abies) in superacidic media. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2014.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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169
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Kwon EE, Yi H, Jeon YJ. Boosting the value of biodiesel byproduct by the non-catalytic transesterification of dimethyl carbonate via a continuous flow system under ambient pressure. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 113:87-92. [PMID: 25065794 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Transformation of coconut oil into biodiesel by using dimethyl carbonate (DMC) via a non-catalytic transesterification reaction under ambient pressure was investigated in this study. The non-catalytic transformation to biodiesel was achieved by means of a heterogeneous reaction between liquid triglycerides and gas phase DMC. The reaction was enhanced in the presence of porous material due to its intrinsic physical properties such as tortuosity and absorption/adsorption. The numerous pores in the material served as micro reaction chambers and ensured that there was enough contact time between the liquid triglycerides and the gaseous DMC, which enabled the completion of the transesterification. The highest fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) yield achieved was 98±0.5% within 1-2min at a temperature of 360-450°C under ambient pressure. The fast reaction rates made it possible to convert the lipid feedstock into biodiesel via a continuous flow system without the application of increased pressure. This suggested that the commonly used supercritical conditions could be avoided, resulting in huge cost benefits for biodiesel production. In addition, the high value of the byproduct from the transesterification of the lipid feedstock with DMC suggested that the production biodiesel using this method could be more economically competitive. Finally, the basic properties of biodiesel derived from the non-catalytic conversion of rapeseed oil with DMC were summarised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eilhann E Kwon
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Haakrho Yi
- Bioenergy Research Team, Research Institute of Science and Technology (RIST), 813-1 Keumho-Dong, Kwang-Yang, Cholla-Nam-Do, South Korea.
| | - Young Jae Jeon
- Department of Microbiology, Pukyung National University, Busan, South Korea.
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170
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Cai J, Ma H, Zhang J, Du Z, Huang Y, Gao J, Xu J. Catalytic oxidation of glycerol to tartronic acid over Au/HY catalyst under mild conditions. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(14)60132-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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171
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Li W, Hu Y, Liu F, Shan X, Sheng L. Site-selective dissociation processes of cationic ethanol conformers: the role of hyperconjugation. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:7096-103. [PMID: 25080068 DOI: 10.1021/jp5035568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In present report, we explored hyperconjugation effects on the site- and bond-selective dissociation processes of cationic ethanol conformers by the use of theoretical methods (including configuration optimizations, natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis, and density of states (DOS) calculations, etc.) and the tunable synchrotron vacuum ultraviolet (SVUV) photoionization mass spectrometry. The dissociative mechanism of ethanol cations, in which hyperconjugative interactions and charge-transfer processes were involved, was proposed. The results reveal Cα-H and C-C bonds are selectively weakened, which arise as a result of the hyperconjugative interactions σCα-H → p in the trans-conformer and σC-C → p in gauche-conformer after being ionized. As a result, the selective bond cleavages would occur and different fragments were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixing Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510631, P. R. China
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172
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Hansen N, Skeen SA, Michelsen HA, Wilson KR, Kohse-Höinghaus K. Flame experiments at the advanced light source: new insights into soot formation processes. J Vis Exp 2014. [PMID: 24894694 PMCID: PMC4207224 DOI: 10.3791/51369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The following experimental protocols and the accompanying video are concerned with the flame experiments that are performed at the Chemical Dynamics Beamline of the Advanced Light Source (ALS) of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory1-4. This video demonstrates how the complex chemical structures of laboratory-based model flames are analyzed using flame-sampling mass spectrometry with tunable synchrotron-generated vacuum-ultraviolet (VUV) radiation. This experimental approach combines isomer-resolving capabilities with high sensitivity and a large dynamic range5,6. The first part of the video describes experiments involving burner-stabilized, reduced-pressure (20-80 mbar) laminar premixed flames. A small hydrocarbon fuel was used for the selected flame to demonstrate the general experimental approach. It is shown how species’ profiles are acquired as a function of distance from the burner surface and how the tunability of the VUV photon energy is used advantageously to identify many combustion intermediates based on their ionization energies. For example, this technique has been used to study gas-phase aspects of the soot-formation processes, and the video shows how the resonance-stabilized radicals, such as C3H3, C3H5, and i-C4H5, are identified as important intermediates7. The work has been focused on soot formation processes, and, from the chemical point of view, this process is very intriguing because chemical structures containing millions of carbon atoms are assembled from a fuel molecule possessing only a few carbon atoms in just milliseconds. The second part of the video highlights a new experiment, in which an opposed-flow diffusion flame and synchrotron-based aerosol mass spectrometry are used to study the chemical composition of the combustion-generated soot particles4. The experimental results indicate that the widely accepted H-abstraction-C2H2-addition (HACA) mechanism is not the sole molecular growth process responsible for the formation of the observed large polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Hansen
- Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories;
| | - Scott A Skeen
- Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories
| | | | - Kevin R Wilson
- Chemical Sciences Division, Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
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173
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Reaction dynamics and relative yields of the H- and CH3-displacement channels in the O+CH3CCH reaction. Chem Phys Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2014.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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174
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Rezgui Y, Guemini M. Effect of ethanol addition on soot precursors emissions during benzene oxidation in a jet-stirred reactor. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:6671-6686. [PMID: 24510530 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-2582-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A constant volume reactor model (PSR) was used to investigate the effect of ethanol addition on the formation of some pollutants during benzene oxidation in a jet-stirred reactor. The blended fuels were formed by incrementally adding 4% wt of oxygen (ethanol) to the neat benzene fuel and by keeping the inert mole fraction (nitrogen) and the equivalence ratio constants. The main objective of this work was to obtain fundamental understanding of the mechanisms through which the oxygenate compound affects soot precursor amounts. The modeling results showed that C2H2, C5H5, and C3H3 mole fractions decreased upon increasing the ethanol percentage in the fuel mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yacine Rezgui
- Laboratoire de Chimie Appliquée et Technologie des Matériaux, Université d'Oum El Bouaghi, B.P. 358, Route de Constantine, Oum El Bouaghi, 04000, Algeria,
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175
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Oyeyemi VB, Keith JA, Carter EA. Accurate bond energies of biodiesel methyl esters from multireference averaged coupled-pair functional calculations. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:7392-403. [PMID: 24621192 DOI: 10.1021/jp412727w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Accurate bond dissociation energies (BDEs) are important for characterizing combustion chemistry, particularly the initial stages of pyrolysis. Here we contribute to evaluating the thermochemistry of biodiesel methyl ester molecules using ab initio BDEs derived from a multireference averaged coupled-pair functional (MRACPF2)-based scheme. Having previously validated this approach for hydrocarbons and a variety of oxygenates, herein we provide further validation for bonds within carboxylic acids and methyl esters, finding our scheme predicts BDEs within chemical accuracy (i.e., within 1 kcal/mol) for these molecules. Insights into BDE trends with ester size are then analyzed for methyl formate through methyl crotonate. We find that the carbonyl group in the ester moiety has only a local effect on BDEs. C═C double bonds in ester alkyl chains are found to increase the strengths of bonds adjacent to the double bond. An important exception are bonds beta to C═C or C═O bonds, which produce allylic-like radicals upon dissociation. The observed trends arise from different degrees of geometric relaxation and resonance stabilization in the radicals produced. We also compute BDEs in various small alkanes and alkenes as models for the long hydrocarbon chain of actual biodiesel methyl esters. We again show that allylic bonds in the alkenes are much weaker than those in the small methyl esters, indicating that hydrogen abstractions are more likely at the allylic site and even more likely at bis-allylic sites of alkyl chains due to more electrons involved in π-resonance in the latter. Lastly, we use the BDEs in small surrogates to estimate heretofore unknown BDEs in large methyl esters of biodiesel fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor B Oyeyemi
- Departments of Chemical and Biological Engineering, ‡Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, §Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics, and ∥Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment, Princeton University , Princeton, New Jersey, 08544-5263, United States
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176
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Schripp T, Salthammer T, Wientzek S, Wensing M. Chamber studies on nonvented decorative fireplaces using liquid or gelled ethanol fuel. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:3583-3590. [PMID: 24517295 DOI: 10.1021/es404972s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Decorative ethanol fireplaces are becoming more and more commonly used in many different countries. These fireplaces are constructed such that they have no fume extraction system, and so all of the gases from combustion, volatile organic compounds, and particulate emissions are released into the room. In order to determine the release behavior and the chemical composition of the emissions, a variety of combinations of ethanol fireplaces and fuels were examined in a 48 m(3) emission test chamber under typical living room environmental conditions. Four ethanol fireplaces with 8 different fuels (3 liquid samples, 5 gel-type samples) were tested. The ventilation conditions were set up corresponding to the manufacturers' recommendations and DIN 4734-1. The air concentrations in the chamber were evaluated based on guideline values for indoor air. Of the combustion gases examined, the quantity of carbon dioxide and nitrogen dioxide in particular were close to or even above the guideline values in many cases. A release of components of the fuel (e.g., the denaturing substances) was also detected in the chamber air. In two experiments, a benzene concentration of over 12 ppb and an increased formaldehyde concentration (>0.1 ppm) were identified in the chamber air. The ethanol fireplaces were--irrespective of the type of fuel used--strong sources of fine and ultrafine particles. Overall, ethanol fireplaces have a considerable influence on the quality of the indoor air due to the lack of ventilation. This aspect should--in addition to fire protection--be properly considered when using such devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Schripp
- Fraunhofer WKI, Material Analysis and Indoor Chemistry, Bienroder Weg 54E, Braunschweig, Lower Saxony 38108, Germany
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Tran LS, Togbé C, Liu D, Felsmann D, Oßwald P, Glaude PA, Fournet R, Sirjean B, Battin-Leclerc F, Kohse-Höinghaus K. Combustion chemistry and flame structure of furan group biofuels using molecular-beam mass spectrometry and gas chromatography - Part II: 2-Methylfuran. COMBUSTION AND FLAME 2014; 161:766-779. [PMID: 24518895 PMCID: PMC3837210 DOI: 10.1016/j.combustflame.2013.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This is Part II of a series of three papers which jointly address the combustion chemistry of furan and its alkylated derivatives 2-methylfuran (MF) and 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF) under premixed low-pressure flame conditions. Some of them are considered to be promising biofuels. With furan as a common basis studied in Part I of this series, the present paper addresses two laminar premixed low-pressure (20 and 40 mbar) flat argon-diluted (50%) flames of MF which were studied with electron-ionization molecular-beam mass spectrometry (EI-MBMS) and gas chromatography (GC) for equivalence ratios φ=1.0 and 1.7, identical conditions to those for the previously reported furan flames. Mole fractions of reactants, products as well as stable and reactive intermediates were measured as a function of the distance above the burner. Kinetic modeling was performed using a comprehensive reaction mechanism for all three fuels given in Part I and described in the three parts of this series. A comparison of the experimental results and the simulation shows reasonable agreement, as also seen for the furan flames in Part I before. This set of experiments is thus considered to be a valuable additional basis for the validation of the model. The main reaction pathways of MF consumption have been derived from reaction flow analyses, and differences to furan combustion chemistry under the same conditions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc-Sy Tran
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), CNRS, Université de Lorraine, ENSIC, 1 rue Grandville, BP 20451, 54001 Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Casimir Togbé
- Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Daniel Felsmann
- Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Patrick Oßwald
- Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Pierre-Alexandre Glaude
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), CNRS, Université de Lorraine, ENSIC, 1 rue Grandville, BP 20451, 54001 Nancy Cedex, France
| | - René Fournet
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), CNRS, Université de Lorraine, ENSIC, 1 rue Grandville, BP 20451, 54001 Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Baptiste Sirjean
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), CNRS, Université de Lorraine, ENSIC, 1 rue Grandville, BP 20451, 54001 Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Frédérique Battin-Leclerc
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), CNRS, Université de Lorraine, ENSIC, 1 rue Grandville, BP 20451, 54001 Nancy Cedex, France
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178
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Liu D, Togbé C, Tran LS, Felsmann D, Oßwald P, Nau P, Koppmann J, Lackner A, Glaude PA, Sirjean B, Fournet R, Battin-Leclerc F, Kohse-Höinghaus K. Combustion chemistry and flame structure of furan group biofuels using molecular-beam mass spectrometry and gas chromatography - Part I: Furan. COMBUSTION AND FLAME 2014; 161:748-765. [PMID: 24518999 PMCID: PMC3837219 DOI: 10.1016/j.combustflame.2013.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Fuels of the furan family, i.e. furan itself, 2-methylfuran (MF), and 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF) are being proposed as alternatives to hydrocarbon fuels and are potentially accessible from cellulosic biomass. While some experiments and modeling results are becoming available for each of these fuels, a comprehensive experimental and modeling analysis of the three fuels under the same conditions, simulated using the same chemical reaction model, has - to the best of our knowledge - not been attempted before. The present series of three papers, detailing the results obtained in flat flames for each of the three fuels separately, reports experimental data and explores their combustion chemistry using kinetic modeling. The first part of this series focuses on the chemistry of low-pressure furan flames. Two laminar premixed low-pressure (20 and 40 mbar) flat argon-diluted (50%) flames of furan were studied at two equivalence ratios (φ=1.0 and 1.7) using an analytical combination of high-resolution electron-ionization molecular-beam mass spectrometry (EI-MBMS) in Bielefeld and gas chromatography (GC) in Nancy. The time-of-flight MBMS with its high mass resolution enables the detection of both stable and reactive species, while the gas chromatograph permits the separation of isomers. Mole fractions of reactants, products, and stable and radical intermediates were measured as a function of the distance to the burner. A single kinetic model was used to predict the flame structure of the three fuels: furan (in this paper), 2-methylfuran (in Part II), and 2,5-dimethylfuran (in Part III). A refined sub-mechanism for furan combustion, based on the work of Tian et al. [Combustion and Flame 158 (2011) 756-773] was developed which was then compared to the present experimental results. Overall, the agreement is encouraging. The main reaction pathways involved in furan combustion were delineated computing the rates of formation and consumption of all species. It is seen that the predominant furan consumption pathway is initiated by H-addition on the carbon atom neighboring the O-atom with acetylene as one of the dominant products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Casimir Togbé
- Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Luc-Sy Tran
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), CNRS, Université de Lorraine, ENSIC, 1 rue Grandville, BP 20451, 54001 Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Daniel Felsmann
- Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Patrick Oßwald
- Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Patrick Nau
- Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Julia Koppmann
- Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Alexander Lackner
- Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Pierre-Alexandre Glaude
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), CNRS, Université de Lorraine, ENSIC, 1 rue Grandville, BP 20451, 54001 Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Baptiste Sirjean
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), CNRS, Université de Lorraine, ENSIC, 1 rue Grandville, BP 20451, 54001 Nancy Cedex, France
| | - René Fournet
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), CNRS, Université de Lorraine, ENSIC, 1 rue Grandville, BP 20451, 54001 Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Frédérique Battin-Leclerc
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), CNRS, Université de Lorraine, ENSIC, 1 rue Grandville, BP 20451, 54001 Nancy Cedex, France
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179
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Osswald P, Hemberger P, Bierkandt T, Akyildiz E, Köhler M, Bodi A, Gerber T, Kasper T. In situ flame chemistry tracing by imaging photoelectron photoion coincidence spectroscopy. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2014; 85:025101. [PMID: 24593390 DOI: 10.1063/1.4861175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Adaptation of a low-pressure flat flame burner with a flame-sampling interface to the imaging photoelectron photoion coincidence spectrometer (iPEPICO) of the VUV beamline at the Swiss Light Source is presented. The combination of molecular-beam mass spectrometry and iPEPICO provides a new powerful analytical tool for the detailed investigation of reaction networks in flames. First results demonstrate the applicability of the new instrument to comprehensive flame diagnostics and the potentially high impact for reaction mechanism development for conventional and alternative fuels. Isomer specific identification of stable and radical flame species is demonstrated with unrivaled precision. Radical detection and identification is achieved for the initial H-abstraction products of fuel molecules as well as for the reaction controlling H, O, and OH radicals. Furthermore, quantitative evaluation of changing species concentrations during the combustion process and the applicability of respective results for kinetic model validation are demonstrated. Utilization of mass-selected threshold photoelectron spectra is shown to ensure precise signal assignment and highly reliable spatial profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Osswald
- German Aerospace Center (DLR) - Institute of Combustion Technology, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - P Hemberger
- Molecular Dynamics Group, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - T Bierkandt
- Mass Spectrometry in Reactive Flows - Thermodynamics (IVG), University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - E Akyildiz
- Mass Spectrometry in Reactive Flows - Thermodynamics (IVG), University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - M Köhler
- German Aerospace Center (DLR) - Institute of Combustion Technology, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - A Bodi
- Molecular Dynamics Group, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - T Gerber
- Molecular Dynamics Group, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - T Kasper
- Mass Spectrometry in Reactive Flows - Thermodynamics (IVG), University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
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180
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Annesley CJ, Franklin Goldsmith C, Tranter RS. A shock tube laser schlieren study of methyl acetate dissociation in the fall-off regime. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:7241-50. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp55297g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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181
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Badra J, Elwardany AE, Farooq A. Reaction rate constants of H-abstraction by OH from large ketones: measurements and site-specific rate rules. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:12183-93. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp01253d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reaction rate constants of the reaction of four large ketones with hydroxyl (OH) are investigated behind reflected shock waves using OH laser absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihad Badra
- Clean Combustion Research Center
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
- Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
- Saudi Aramco Research and Development Center
| | - Ahmed E. Elwardany
- Clean Combustion Research Center
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
- Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aamir Farooq
- Clean Combustion Research Center
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
- Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
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182
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Konietzny SGA, Pope PB, Weimann A, McHardy AC. Inference of phenotype-defining functional modules of protein families for microbial plant biomass degraders. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2014; 7:124. [PMID: 25342967 PMCID: PMC4189754 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-014-0124-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Efficient industrial processes for converting plant lignocellulosic materials into biofuels are a key to global efforts to come up with alternative energy sources to fossil fuels. Novel cellulolytic enzymes have been discovered in microbial genomes and metagenomes of microbial communities. However, the identification of relevant genes without known homologs, and the elucidation of the lignocellulolytic pathways and protein complexes for different microorganisms remain challenging. RESULTS We describe a new computational method for the targeted discovery of functional modules of plant biomass-degrading protein families, based on their co-occurrence patterns across genomes and metagenome datasets, and the strength of association of these modules with the genomes of known degraders. From approximately 6.4 million family annotations for 2,884 microbial genomes, and 332 taxonomic bins from 18 metagenomes, we identified 5 functional modules that are distinctive for plant biomass degraders, which we term "plant biomass degradation modules" (PDMs). These modules incorporate protein families involved in the degradation of cellulose, hemicelluloses, and pectins, structural components of the cellulosome, and additional families with potential functions in plant biomass degradation. The PDMs were linked to 81 gene clusters in genomes of known lignocellulose degraders, including previously described clusters of lignocellulolytic genes. On average, 70% of the families of each PDM were found to map to gene clusters in known degraders, which served as an additional confirmation of their functional relationships. The presence of a PDM in a genome or taxonomic metagenome bin furthermore allowed us to accurately predict the ability of any particular organism to degrade plant biomass. For 15 draft genomes of a cow rumen metagenome, we used cross-referencing to confirmed cellulolytic enzymes to validate that the PDMs identified plant biomass degraders within a complex microbial community. CONCLUSIONS Functional modules of protein families that are involved in different aspects of plant cell wall degradation can be inferred from co-occurrence patterns across (meta-)genomes with a probabilistic topic model. PDMs represent a new resource of protein families and candidate genes implicated in microbial plant biomass degradation. They can also be used to predict the plant biomass degradation ability for a genome or taxonomic bin. The method is also suitable for characterizing other microbial phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian GA Konietzny
- />Max-Planck Research Group for Computational Genomics and Epidemiology, Max-Planck Institute for Informatics, University Campus E1 4, Saarbrücken, 66123 Germany
- />Department of Algorithmic Bioinformatics, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, 40225 Germany
| | - Phillip B Pope
- />Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Post Office Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Aaron Weimann
- />Department of Algorithmic Bioinformatics, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, 40225 Germany
| | - Alice C McHardy
- />Max-Planck Research Group for Computational Genomics and Epidemiology, Max-Planck Institute for Informatics, University Campus E1 4, Saarbrücken, 66123 Germany
- />Department of Algorithmic Bioinformatics, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, 40225 Germany
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183
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Wang QD, Wang XJ, Kang GJ. An application of the reaction class transition state theory to the kinetics of hydrogen abstraction reactions of hydrogen with methyl esters at the methoxy group. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2013.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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184
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Li S, Dames E, Davidson DF, Hanson RK. High-Temperature Measurements of the Reactions of OH with Ethylamine and Dimethylamine. J Phys Chem A 2013; 118:70-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jp411141w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sijie Li
- Department of Mechanical
Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Enoch Dames
- Department of Mechanical
Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - David F. Davidson
- Department of Mechanical
Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Ronald K. Hanson
- Department of Mechanical
Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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185
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Zhang L, Chen Y, He N, Lu C. Acetone Cataluminescence as an Indicator for Evaluation of Heterogeneous Base Catalysts in Biodiesel Production. Anal Chem 2013; 86:870-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ac4034399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yingchun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Nan He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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186
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Leplat N, Wokaun A, Rossi MJ. Reinvestigation of the Elementary Chemical Kinetics of the Reaction C2H5• + HBr (HI) → C2H6 + Br• (I•) in the Range 293–623 K and Its Implication on the Thermochemical Parameters of C2H5• Free Radical. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:11383-402. [DOI: 10.1021/jp403761r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Leplat
- Laboratory
of Atmospheric Chemistry (LAC) and ‡General Energy Research (ENE) Division, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - A. Wokaun
- Laboratory
of Atmospheric Chemistry (LAC) and ‡General Energy Research (ENE) Division, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - M. J. Rossi
- Laboratory
of Atmospheric Chemistry (LAC) and ‡General Energy Research (ENE) Division, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
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187
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Lockyear JF, Welz O, Savee JD, Goulay F, Trevitt AJ, Taatjes CA, Osborn DL, Leone SR. Isomer Specific Product Detection in the Reaction of CH with Acrolein. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:11013-26. [DOI: 10.1021/jp407428v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica F. Lockyear
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Oliver Welz
- Combustion
Research Facility, Mail Stop 9055, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California, 94551, United States
| | - John D. Savee
- Combustion
Research Facility, Mail Stop 9055, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California, 94551, United States
| | - Fabien Goulay
- Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, 26506, United States
| | - Adam J. Trevitt
- School
of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522 Australia
| | - Craig A. Taatjes
- Combustion
Research Facility, Mail Stop 9055, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California, 94551, United States
| | - David L. Osborn
- Combustion
Research Facility, Mail Stop 9055, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California, 94551, United States
| | - Stephen R. Leone
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Departments
of Chemistry and Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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188
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Levine F, Kayea RV, Wexler R, Sadvary DJ, Melick C, La Scala J. Heats of Combustion of Fatty Acids and Fatty Acid Esters. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-013-2367-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felicia Levine
- Data Matrix Solutions, Inc.US Army Research LaboratoryRDRL‐WMM‐C, 4600 Deer Creek LoopAberdeen Proving Ground21005‐5066MDUSA
| | - Ronald V. Kayea
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE)Drexel UniversityPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Robert Wexler
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE)Drexel UniversityPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - D. J. Sadvary
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE)Drexel UniversityPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Cory Melick
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE)Drexel UniversityPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - John La Scala
- US Army Research LaboratoryRDRL‐WMM‐CAberdeen Proving Ground21005‐5066MDUSA
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189
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Rosado-Reyes C, Tsang W. Bond Cleavage During Isobutanol Thermal Decomposition and the Breaking of C–C Bonds in Alcohols at High Temperatures. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:10170-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jp404877t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudette Rosado-Reyes
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Wing Tsang
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
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190
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Bell F, Ruan QN, Golan A, Horn PR, Ahmed M, Leone SR, Head-Gordon M. Dissociative Photoionization of Glycerol and its Dimer Occurs Predominantly via a Ternary Hydrogen-Bridged Ion–Molecule Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:14229-39. [DOI: 10.1021/ja405511v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Bell
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California
94720, United States
| | - Qiao N. Ruan
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California
94720, United States
| | - Amir Golan
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California
94720, United States
| | - Paul R. Horn
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California
94720, United States
| | - Musahid Ahmed
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California
94720, United States
| | - Stephen R. Leone
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California
94720, United States
| | - Martin Head-Gordon
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California
94720, United States
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191
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Reaction of Dimethyl Ether with Hydroxyl Radicals: Kinetic Isotope Effect and Prereactive Complex Formation. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:8343-51. [DOI: 10.1021/jp405724a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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192
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Welz O, Zádor J, Savee JD, Sheps L, Osborn DL, Taatjes CA. Low-Temperature Combustion Chemistry of n-Butanol: Principal Oxidation Pathways of Hydroxybutyl Radicals. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:11983-2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp403792t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Welz
- Combustion
Research Facility, Mailstop 9055, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551-0969, United States
| | - Judit Zádor
- Combustion
Research Facility, Mailstop 9055, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551-0969, United States
| | - John D. Savee
- Combustion
Research Facility, Mailstop 9055, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551-0969, United States
| | - Leonid Sheps
- Combustion
Research Facility, Mailstop 9055, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551-0969, United States
| | - David L. Osborn
- Combustion
Research Facility, Mailstop 9055, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551-0969, United States
| | - Craig A. Taatjes
- Combustion
Research Facility, Mailstop 9055, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551-0969, United States
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193
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Holzmeier F, Lang M, Hader K, Hemberger P, Fischer I. H2CN+ and H2CNH+: New insight into the structure and dynamics from mass-selected threshold photoelectron spectra. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:214310. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4808050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Holzmeier
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
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194
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Rothamer DA, Donohue TJ. Chemistry and combustion of fit-for-purpose biofuels. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2013; 17:522-8. [PMID: 23664492 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2013.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Revised: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
From the inception of internal combustion engines, biologically derived fuels (biofuels) have played a role. Nicolaus Otto ran a predecessor to today's spark-ignition engine with an ethanol fuel blend in 1860. At the 1900 Paris world's fair, Rudolf Diesel ran his engine on peanut oil. Over 100 years of petroleum production has led to consistency and reliability of engines that demand standardized fuels. New biofuels can displace petroleum-based fuels and produce positive impacts on the environment, the economy, and the use of local energy sources. This review discusses the combustion, performance and other requirements of biofuels that will impact their near-term and long-term ability to replace petroleum fuels in transportation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Rothamer
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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195
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Tran LS, Glaude PA, Fournet R, Battin-Leclerc F. EXPERIMENTAL AND MODELING STUDY OF PREMIXED LAMINAR FLAMES OF ETHANOL AND METHANE. ENERGY & FUELS : AN AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY JOURNAL 2013; 27:2226-2245. [PMID: 23712124 PMCID: PMC3663996 DOI: 10.1021/ef301628x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
To better understand the chemistry of the combustion of ethanol, the structure of five low pressure laminar premixed flames has been investigated: a pure methane flame (φ=1), three pure ethanol flames (φ=0.7, 1.0, and 1.3), and an ethanol/methane mixture flames (φ=1). The flames have been stabilized on a burner at a pressure of 6.7 kPa using argon as dilutant, with a gas velocity at the burner of 64.3 cm/s at 333 K. The results consist of mole fraction profiles of 20 species measured as a function of the height above the burner by probe sampling followed by online gas chromatography analyses. A mechanism for the oxidation of ethanol was proposed. The reactions of ethanol and acetaldehyde were updated and include recent theoretical calculations while that of ethenol, dimethyl ether, acetone, and propanal were added in the mechanism. This mechanism was also tested against experimental results available in the literature for laminar burning velocities and laminar premixed flame where ethenol was detected. The main reaction pathways of consumption of ethanol are analyzed. The effect of the branching ratios of reaction C2H5OH+OH→Products+H2O is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc-Sy Tran
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédé, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, BP 20451, 1 rue Grandville, 54001 Nancy, France
| | - Pierre-Alexandre Glaude
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédé, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, BP 20451, 1 rue Grandville, 54001 Nancy, France
| | - René Fournet
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédé, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, BP 20451, 1 rue Grandville, 54001 Nancy, France
| | - Frédérique Battin-Leclerc
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédé, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, BP 20451, 1 rue Grandville, 54001 Nancy, France
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196
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Methyl radicals in oxidative coupling of methane directly confirmed by synchrotron VUV photoionization mass spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2013; 3:1625. [PMID: 23567985 PMCID: PMC3620655 DOI: 10.1038/srep01625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gas-phase methyl radicals have been long proposed as the key intermediate in catalytic oxidative coupling of methane, but the direct experimental evidence still lacks. Here, employing synchrotron VUV photoionization mass spectroscopy, we have directly observed the formation of gas-phase methyl radicals during oxidative coupling of methane catalyzed by Li/MgO catalysts. The concentration of gas-phase methyl radicals correlates well with the yield of ethylene and ethane products. These results lead to an enhanced fundamental understanding of oxidative coupling of methane that will facilitate the exploration of new catalysts with improved performance.
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197
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Welz O, Klippenstein SJ, Harding LB, Taatjes CA, Zádor J. Unconventional Peroxy Chemistry in Alcohol Oxidation: The Water Elimination Pathway. J Phys Chem Lett 2013; 4:350-354. [PMID: 26281722 DOI: 10.1021/jz302004w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Predictive simulation for designing efficient engines requires detailed modeling of combustion chemistry, for which the possibility of unknown pathways is a continual concern. Here, we characterize a low-lying water elimination pathway from key hydroperoxyalkyl (QOOH) radicals derived from alcohols. The corresponding saddle-point structure involves the interaction of radical and zwitterionic electronic states. This interaction presents extreme difficulties for electronic structure characterizations, but we demonstrate that these properties of this saddle point can be well captured by M06-2X and CCSD(T) methods. Experimental evidence for the existence and relevance of this pathway is shown in recently reported data on the low-temperature oxidation of isopentanol and isobutanol. In these systems, water elimination is a major pathway, and is likely ubiquitous in low-temperature alcohol oxidation. These findings will substantially alter current alcohol oxidation mechanisms. Moreover, the methods described will be useful for the more general phenomenon of interacting radical and zwitterionic states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Welz
- †Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551-0969, United States
| | - Stephen J Klippenstein
- ‡Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Lawrence B Harding
- ‡Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Craig A Taatjes
- †Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551-0969, United States
| | - Judit Zádor
- †Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551-0969, United States
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198
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Seal P, Oyedepo G, Truhlar DG. Kinetics of the hydrogen atom abstraction reactions from 1-butanol by hydroxyl radical: theory matches experiment and more. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:275-82. [PMID: 23244297 DOI: 10.1021/jp310910f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, we study the H atom abstraction reactions by hydroxyl radical at all five sites of 1-butanol. Multistructural variational transition state theory (MS-VTST) was employed to estimate the five thermal rate constants. MS-VTST utilizes a multifaceted dividing surface that accounts for the multiple conformational structures of the transition state, and we also include all the structures of the reactant molecule. The vibrational frequencies and minimum energy paths (MEPs) were computed using the M08-HX/MG3S electronic structure method. The required potential energy surfaces were obtained implicitly by direct dynamics employing interpolated variational transition state theory with mapping (IVTST-M) using a variational reaction path algorithm. The M08-HX/MG3S electronic model chemistry was then used to calculate multistructural torsional anharmonicity factors to complete the MS-VTST rate constant calculations. The results indicate that torsional anharmonicity is very important at higher temperatures, and neglecting it would lead to errors of 26 and 32 at 1000 and 1500 K, respectively. Our results for the sums of the site-specific rate constants agree very well with the experimental values of Hanson and co-workers at 896-1269 K and with the experimental results of Campbell et al. at 292 K, but slightly less well with the experiments of Wallington et al., Nelson et al., and Yujing and Mellouki at 253-372 K; nevertheless, the calculated rates are within a factor of 1.61 of all experimental values at all temperatures. This gives us confidence in the site-specific values, which are currently inaccessible to experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasenjit Seal
- Department of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455-0431, USA
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199
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Abstract
This review describes major features of current research in renewable fuels derived from plants and from fatty acids. Recent and ongoing fundamental studies of biofuel molecular structure, oxidation reactions, and biofuel chemical properties are reviewed, in addition to combustion applications of biofuels in the major types of engines in which biofuels are used. Biofuels and their combustion are compared with combustion features of conventional petroleum-based fuels. Two main classes of biofuels are described, those consisting of small, primarily alcohol, fuels (particularly ethanol, n-butanol, and iso-pentanol) that are used primarily to replace or supplement gasoline and those derived from fatty acids and used primarily to replace or supplement conventional diesel fuels. Research efforts on so-called second- and third-generation biofuels are discussed briefly.
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200
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Harnisch F, Blei I, Santos TRD, Möller M, Nilges P, Eilts P, Schröder U. From the test-tube to the test-engine: assessing the suitability of prospective liquid biofuel compounds. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra40354h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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