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Bierkandt T, Oßwald P, Gaiser N, Krüger D, Köhler M, Hoener M, Shaqiri S, Kaczmarek D, Karakaya Y, Hemberger P, Kasper T. Observation of low‐temperature chemistry products in laminar premixed low‐pressure flames by molecular‐beam mass spectrometry. INT J CHEM KINET 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.21503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Bierkandt
- German Aerospace Center (DLR) Institute of Combustion Technology Stuttgart Germany
| | - Patrick Oßwald
- German Aerospace Center (DLR) Institute of Combustion Technology Stuttgart Germany
| | - Nina Gaiser
- German Aerospace Center (DLR) Institute of Combustion Technology Stuttgart Germany
| | - Dominik Krüger
- German Aerospace Center (DLR) Institute of Combustion Technology Stuttgart Germany
| | - Markus Köhler
- German Aerospace Center (DLR) Institute of Combustion Technology Stuttgart Germany
| | - Martin Hoener
- Mass Spectrometry in Reactive Flows University of Duisburg‐Essen Duisburg Germany
| | - Shkelqim Shaqiri
- Mass Spectrometry in Reactive Flows University of Duisburg‐Essen Duisburg Germany
| | - Dennis Kaczmarek
- Mass Spectrometry in Reactive Flows University of Duisburg‐Essen Duisburg Germany
| | - Yasin Karakaya
- Mass Spectrometry in Reactive Flows University of Duisburg‐Essen Duisburg Germany
| | - Patrick Hemberger
- Laboratory for Synchrotron Radiation and Femtochemistry Paul Scherrer Institute Villigen Switzerland
| | - Tina Kasper
- Mass Spectrometry in Reactive Flows University of Duisburg‐Essen Duisburg Germany
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Chu TC, Buras ZJ, Oßwald P, Liu M, Goldman MJ, Green WH. Modeling of aromatics formation in fuel-rich methane oxy-combustion with an automatically generated pressure-dependent mechanism. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:813-832. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp06097e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
An automatic generated mechanism for methane-rich combustion captures the chemistry from small molecules to three-ring aromatic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Te-Chun Chu
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
| | | | - Patrick Oßwald
- Institute of Combustion Technology
- German Aerospace Center (DLR)
- D-70569 Stuttgart
- Germany
| | - Mengjie Liu
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
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Schripp T, Anderson B, Crosbie EC, Moore RH, Herrmann F, Oßwald P, Wahl C, Kapernaum M, Köhler M, Le Clercq P, Rauch B, Eichler P, Mikoviny T, Wisthaler A. Impact of Alternative Jet Fuels on Engine Exhaust Composition During the 2015 ECLIF Ground-Based Measurements Campaign. Environ Sci Technol 2018; 52:4969-4978. [PMID: 29601722 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b06244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The application of fuels from renewable sources ("alternative fuels") in aviation is important for the reduction of anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions, but may also attribute to reduced release of particles from jet engines. The present experiment describes ground-based measurements in the framework of the ECLIF (Emission and Climate Impact of Alternative Fuels) campaign using an Airbus A320 (V2527-A5 engines) burning six fuels of chemically different composition. Two reference Jet A-1 with slightly different chemical parameters were applied and further used in combination with a Fischer-Tropsch synthetic paraffinic kerosene (FT-SPK) to prepare three semi synthetic jet fuels (SSJF) of different aromatic content. In addition, one commercially available fully synthetic jet fuel (FSJF) featured the lowest aromatic content of the fuel selection. Neither the release of nitrogen oxide or carbon monoxide was significantly affected by the different fuel composition. The measured particle emission indices showed a reduction up to 50% (number) and 70% (mass) for two alternative jet fuels (FSJF, SSJF2) at low power settings in comparison to the reference fuels. The reduction is less pronounced at higher operating conditions but the release of particle number and particle mass is still significantly lower for the alternative fuels than for both reference fuels. The observed correlation between emitted particle mass and fuel aromatics is not strict. Here, the H/C ratio is a better indicator for soot emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Schripp
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Combustion Technology , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Bruce Anderson
- NASA Langley Research Center , Hampton , Virginia 23666 , United States
| | - Ewan C Crosbie
- NASA Langley Research Center , Hampton , Virginia 23666 , United States
| | - Richard H Moore
- NASA Langley Research Center , Hampton , Virginia 23666 , United States
| | - Friederike Herrmann
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Combustion Technology , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Patrick Oßwald
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Combustion Technology , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Claus Wahl
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Combustion Technology , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Manfred Kapernaum
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Combustion Technology , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Markus Köhler
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Combustion Technology , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Patrick Le Clercq
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Combustion Technology , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Bastian Rauch
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Combustion Technology , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Philipp Eichler
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik , Universität Innsbruck , 6020 Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Tomas Mikoviny
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oslo , Blindern , 0371 Oslo , Norway
| | - Armin Wisthaler
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik , Universität Innsbruck , 6020 Innsbruck , Austria
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oslo , Blindern , 0371 Oslo , Norway
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Köhler M, Oßwald P, Krueger D, Whitside R. Combustion Chemistry of Fuels: Quantitative Speciation Data Obtained from an Atmospheric High-temperature Flow Reactor with Coupled Molecular-beam Mass Spectrometer. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 29553561 DOI: 10.3791/56965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This manuscript describes a high-temperature flow reactor experiment coupled to the powerful molecular beam mass spectrometry (MBMS) technique. This flexible tool offers a detailed observation of chemical gas-phase kinetics in reacting flows under well-controlled conditions. The vast range of operating conditions available in a laminar flow reactor enables access to extraordinary combustion applications that are typically not achievable by flame experiments. These include rich conditions at high temperatures relevant for gasification processes, the peroxy chemistry governing the low temperature oxidation regime or investigations of complex technical fuels. The presented setup allows measurements of quantitative speciation data for reaction model validation of combustion, gasification and pyrolysis processes, while enabling a systematic general understanding of the reaction chemistry. Validation of kinetic reaction models is generally performed by investigating combustion processes of pure compounds. The flow reactor has been enhanced to be suitable for technical fuels (e.g. multi-component mixtures like Jet A-1) to allow for phenomenological analysis of occurring combustion intermediates like soot precursors or pollutants. The controlled and comparable boundary conditions provided by the experimental design allow for predictions of pollutant formation tendencies. Cold reactants are fed premixed into the reactor that are highly diluted (in around 99 vol% in Ar) in order to suppress self-sustaining combustion reactions. The laminar flowing reactant mixture passes through a known temperature field, while the gas composition is determined at the reactors exhaust as a function of the oven temperature. The flow reactor is operated at atmospheric pressures with temperatures up to 1,800 K. The measurements themselves are performed by decreasing the temperature monotonically at a rate of -200 K/h. With the sensitive MBMS technique, detailed speciation data is acquired and quantified for almost all chemical species in the reactive process, including radical species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Köhler
- Institute of Combustion Technology, German Aerospace Center (DLR);
| | - Patrick Oßwald
- Institute of Combustion Technology, German Aerospace Center (DLR)
| | - Dominik Krueger
- Institute of Combustion Technology, German Aerospace Center (DLR)
| | - Ryan Whitside
- Institute of Combustion Technology, German Aerospace Center (DLR)
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Moser M, Pregger T, Simon S, König DH, Wörner A, Dietrich RU, Köhler M, Oßwald P, Grohmann J, Kathrotia T, Eckel G, Schweitzer D, Armbrust N, Dieter H, Scheffknecht G, Kern C, Thiessen J, Jess A, Aigner M. Synthetische flüssige Kohlenwasserstoffe aus erneuerbaren Energien - Ergebnisse der Helmholtz Energieallianz. CHEM-ING-TECH 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201500154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Oßwald P, Köhler M. An atmospheric pressure high-temperature laminar flow reactor for investigation of combustion and related gas phase reaction systems. Rev Sci Instrum 2015; 86:105109. [PMID: 26520986 DOI: 10.1063/1.4932608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A new high-temperature flow reactor experiment utilizing the powerful molecular beam mass spectrometry (MBMS) technique for detailed observation of gas phase kinetics in reacting flows is presented. The reactor design provides a consequent extension of the experimental portfolio of validation experiments for combustion reaction kinetics. Temperatures up to 1800 K are applicable by three individually controlled temperature zones with this atmospheric pressure flow reactor. Detailed speciation data are obtained using the sensitive MBMS technique, providing in situ access to almost all chemical species involved in the combustion process, including highly reactive species such as radicals. Strategies for quantifying the experimental data are presented alongside a careful analysis of the characterization of the experimental boundary conditions to enable precise numeric reproduction of the experimental results. The general capabilities of this new analytical tool for the investigation of reacting flows are demonstrated for a selected range of conditions, fuels, and applications. A detailed dataset for the well-known gaseous fuels, methane and ethylene, is provided and used to verify the experimental approach. Furthermore, application for liquid fuels and fuel components important for technical combustors like gas turbines and engines is demonstrated. Besides the detailed investigation of novel fuels and fuel components, the wide range of operation conditions gives access to extended combustion topics, such as super rich conditions at high temperature important for gasification processes, or the peroxy chemistry governing the low temperature oxidation regime. These demonstrations are accompanied by a first kinetic modeling approach, examining the opportunities for model validation purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Oßwald
- Institute of Combustion Technology, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Pfaffenwaldring 38-40, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Markus Köhler
- Institute of Combustion Technology, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Pfaffenwaldring 38-40, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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Tran LS, Togbé C, Liu D, Felsmann D, Oßwald P, Glaude PA, Fournet R, Sirjean B, Battin-Leclerc F, Kohse-Höinghaus K. Combustion chemistry and flame structure of furan group biofuels using molecular-beam mass spectrometry and gas chromatography - Part II: 2-Methylfuran. Combust Flame 2014; 161:766-779. [PMID: 24518895 PMCID: PMC3837210 DOI: 10.1016/j.combustflame.2013.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This is Part II of a series of three papers which jointly address the combustion chemistry of furan and its alkylated derivatives 2-methylfuran (MF) and 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF) under premixed low-pressure flame conditions. Some of them are considered to be promising biofuels. With furan as a common basis studied in Part I of this series, the present paper addresses two laminar premixed low-pressure (20 and 40 mbar) flat argon-diluted (50%) flames of MF which were studied with electron-ionization molecular-beam mass spectrometry (EI-MBMS) and gas chromatography (GC) for equivalence ratios φ=1.0 and 1.7, identical conditions to those for the previously reported furan flames. Mole fractions of reactants, products as well as stable and reactive intermediates were measured as a function of the distance above the burner. Kinetic modeling was performed using a comprehensive reaction mechanism for all three fuels given in Part I and described in the three parts of this series. A comparison of the experimental results and the simulation shows reasonable agreement, as also seen for the furan flames in Part I before. This set of experiments is thus considered to be a valuable additional basis for the validation of the model. The main reaction pathways of MF consumption have been derived from reaction flow analyses, and differences to furan combustion chemistry under the same conditions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc-Sy Tran
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), CNRS, Université de Lorraine, ENSIC, 1 rue Grandville, BP 20451, 54001 Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Casimir Togbé
- Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Daniel Felsmann
- Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Patrick Oßwald
- Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Pierre-Alexandre Glaude
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), CNRS, Université de Lorraine, ENSIC, 1 rue Grandville, BP 20451, 54001 Nancy Cedex, France
| | - René Fournet
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), CNRS, Université de Lorraine, ENSIC, 1 rue Grandville, BP 20451, 54001 Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Baptiste Sirjean
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), CNRS, Université de Lorraine, ENSIC, 1 rue Grandville, BP 20451, 54001 Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Frédérique Battin-Leclerc
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), CNRS, Université de Lorraine, ENSIC, 1 rue Grandville, BP 20451, 54001 Nancy Cedex, France
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Liu D, Togbé C, Tran LS, Felsmann D, Oßwald P, Nau P, Koppmann J, Lackner A, Glaude PA, Sirjean B, Fournet R, Battin-Leclerc F, Kohse-Höinghaus K. Combustion chemistry and flame structure of furan group biofuels using molecular-beam mass spectrometry and gas chromatography - Part I: Furan. Combust Flame 2014; 161:748-765. [PMID: 24518999 PMCID: PMC3837219 DOI: 10.1016/j.combustflame.2013.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Fuels of the furan family, i.e. furan itself, 2-methylfuran (MF), and 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF) are being proposed as alternatives to hydrocarbon fuels and are potentially accessible from cellulosic biomass. While some experiments and modeling results are becoming available for each of these fuels, a comprehensive experimental and modeling analysis of the three fuels under the same conditions, simulated using the same chemical reaction model, has - to the best of our knowledge - not been attempted before. The present series of three papers, detailing the results obtained in flat flames for each of the three fuels separately, reports experimental data and explores their combustion chemistry using kinetic modeling. The first part of this series focuses on the chemistry of low-pressure furan flames. Two laminar premixed low-pressure (20 and 40 mbar) flat argon-diluted (50%) flames of furan were studied at two equivalence ratios (φ=1.0 and 1.7) using an analytical combination of high-resolution electron-ionization molecular-beam mass spectrometry (EI-MBMS) in Bielefeld and gas chromatography (GC) in Nancy. The time-of-flight MBMS with its high mass resolution enables the detection of both stable and reactive species, while the gas chromatograph permits the separation of isomers. Mole fractions of reactants, products, and stable and radical intermediates were measured as a function of the distance to the burner. A single kinetic model was used to predict the flame structure of the three fuels: furan (in this paper), 2-methylfuran (in Part II), and 2,5-dimethylfuran (in Part III). A refined sub-mechanism for furan combustion, based on the work of Tian et al. [Combustion and Flame 158 (2011) 756-773] was developed which was then compared to the present experimental results. Overall, the agreement is encouraging. The main reaction pathways involved in furan combustion were delineated computing the rates of formation and consumption of all species. It is seen that the predominant furan consumption pathway is initiated by H-addition on the carbon atom neighboring the O-atom with acetylene as one of the dominant products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Casimir Togbé
- Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Luc-Sy Tran
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), CNRS, Université de Lorraine, ENSIC, 1 rue Grandville, BP 20451, 54001 Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Daniel Felsmann
- Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Patrick Oßwald
- Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Patrick Nau
- Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Julia Koppmann
- Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Alexander Lackner
- Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Pierre-Alexandre Glaude
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), CNRS, Université de Lorraine, ENSIC, 1 rue Grandville, BP 20451, 54001 Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Baptiste Sirjean
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), CNRS, Université de Lorraine, ENSIC, 1 rue Grandville, BP 20451, 54001 Nancy Cedex, France
| | - René Fournet
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), CNRS, Université de Lorraine, ENSIC, 1 rue Grandville, BP 20451, 54001 Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Frédérique Battin-Leclerc
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), CNRS, Université de Lorraine, ENSIC, 1 rue Grandville, BP 20451, 54001 Nancy Cedex, France
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Togbé C, Tran LS, Liu D, Felsmann D, Oßwald P, Glaude PA, Sirjean B, Fournet R, Battin-Leclerc F, Kohse-Höinghaus K. Combustion chemistry and flame structure of furan group biofuels using molecular-beam mass spectrometry and gas chromatography - Part III: 2,5-Dimethylfuran. Combust Flame 2014; 161:780-797. [PMID: 24518851 PMCID: PMC3837207 DOI: 10.1016/j.combustflame.2013.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This work is the third part of a study focusing on the combustion chemistry and flame structure of furan and selected alkylated derivatives, i.e. furan in Part I, 2-methylfuran (MF) in Part II, and 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF) in the present work. Two premixed low-pressure (20 and 40 mbar) flat argon-diluted (50%) flames of DMF were studied with electron-ionization molecular-beam mass spectrometry (EI-MBMS) and gas chromatography (GC) under two equivalence ratios (φ=1.0 and 1.7). Mole fractions of reactants, products, and stable and radical intermediates were measured as a function of the distance to the burner. Kinetic modeling was performed using a reaction mechanism that was further developed in the present series, including Part I and Part II. A reasonable agreement between the present experimental results and the simulation is observed. The main reaction pathways of DMF consumption were derived from a reaction flow analysis. Also, a comparison of the key features for the three flames is presented, as well as a comparison between these flames of furanic compounds and those of other fuels. An a priori surprising ability of DMF to form soot precursors (e.g. 1,3-cyclopentadiene or benzene) compared to less substituted furans and to other fuels has been experimentally observed and is well explained in the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casimir Togbé
- Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Luc-Sy Tran
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), CNRS, Université de Lorraine, EN-SIC, 1 rue Grandville, BP 20451, 54001 Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Daniel Felsmann
- Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Patrick Oßwald
- Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Pierre-Alexandre Glaude
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), CNRS, Université de Lorraine, EN-SIC, 1 rue Grandville, BP 20451, 54001 Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Baptiste Sirjean
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), CNRS, Université de Lorraine, EN-SIC, 1 rue Grandville, BP 20451, 54001 Nancy Cedex, France
| | - René Fournet
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), CNRS, Université de Lorraine, EN-SIC, 1 rue Grandville, BP 20451, 54001 Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Frédérique Battin-Leclerc
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), CNRS, Université de Lorraine, EN-SIC, 1 rue Grandville, BP 20451, 54001 Nancy Cedex, France
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Oßwald P, Kohse-Höinghaus K, Struckmeier U, Zeuch T, Seidel L, Leon L, Mauss F. Combustion Chemistry of the Butane Isomers in Premixed Low-Pressure Flames. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1524/zpch.2011.0148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The combustion chemistry of the two butane isomers represents a subset in a comprehensive description of C1–C4 hydrocarbon and oxygenated fuels. A critical examination of combustion models and their capability to predict emissions from this class of fuels must rely on high-quality experimental data that address the respective chemical decomposition and oxidation pathways, including quantitative intermediate species mole fractions. Premixed flat low-pressure (40 mbar) flames of the two butane isomers were thus studied under identical, fuel-rich (φ=1.71) conditions. Two independent molecular-beam mass spectrometer (MBMS) set-ups were used to provide quantitative species profiles. Both data sets, one from electron ionization (EI)-MBMS with high mass resolution and one from photoionization (PI)-MBMS with high energy resolution, are in overall good agreement. Simulations with a flame model were used to analyze the respective reaction pathways, and differences in the combustion behavior of the two isomers are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ulf Struckmeier
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Solaar House, Cambridge, CB5 8BZ, Großbritannien
| | - Thomas Zeuch
- Universität Göttingen, Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Göttingen, Deutschland
| | - Lars Seidel
- Brandenburg University of Technology, Thermodynamics and Thermal Process Engineering, Cottbus, Deutschland
| | - Larisa Leon
- Brandenburg University of Technology, Thermodynamics and Thermal Process Engineering, Cottbus, Deutschland
| | - Fabian Mauss
- Brandenburg University of Technology, Thermodynamics and Thermal Process Engineering, Cottbus, Deutschland
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Kohse-Höinghaus K, Oßwald P, Cool T, Kasper T, Hansen N, Qi F, Westbrook C, Westmoreland P. Verbrennungschemie der Biokraftstoffe: von Ethanol bis Biodiesel. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200905335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Kohse-Höinghaus K, Oßwald P, Cool T, Kasper T, Hansen N, Qi F, Westbrook C, Westmoreland P. Cover Picture: Biofuel Combustion Chemistry: From Ethanol to Biodiesel (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 21/2010). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201001648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Kohse-Höinghaus K, Oßwald P, Cool T, Kasper T, Hansen N, Qi F, Westbrook C, Westmoreland P. Titelbild: Verbrennungschemie der Biokraftstoffe: von Ethanol bis Biodiesel (Angew. Chem. 21/2010). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201001648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Struckmeier U, Oßwald P, Kasper T, Böhling L, Heusing M, Köhler M, Brockhinke A, Kohse-Höinghaus K. Sampling Probe Influences on Temperature and Species Concentrations in Molecular Beam Mass Spectroscopic Investigations of Flat Premixed Low-pressure Flames. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1524/zpch.2009.6049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
New operating regimes for engines and combustors and the advocated use of non-conventional transportation fuels demand investigation of the combustion chemistry of different classes of chemicals, especially under premixed conditions. Detailed species compositions during combustion are needed to estimate hazardous emissions, and models for their prediction must be validated for the intended combustion conditions.Molecular-beam mass spectrometry (MBMS) is a common technique to measure quantitative species concentrations in flames. It is widely employed to characterize the flame chemistry of laminar premixed combustion, and it has been complemented with optical measurements for the detection of a number of molecular species and radicals. Significant progress has been made in recent studies through the introduction of synchrotron-based MBMS instruments. They have improved the identification process by using tunable vacuum-ultraviolet radiation for photoionization of the species to be detected, and isomer-specific measurements are now almost routinely possible. Along with quantitative species measurements, the temperature profile is needed as input parameter for chemical kinetic modeling. It is usually determined either using thermocouples or laser spectroscopic techniques.It is an ongoing discussion how sampling probes affect these measurements, and how MBMS results can be compared to combustion modeling. The present article is intended to contribute to this discussion by providing optical and MBMS results obtained with several sampling configurations.
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Wang J, Chaos M, Yang B, Cool TA, Dryer FL, Kasper T, Hansen N, Oßwald P, Kohse-Höinghaus K, Westmoreland PR. Composition of reaction intermediates for stoichiometric and fuel-rich dimethyl ether flames: flame-sampling mass spectrometry and modeling studies. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 11:1328-39. [DOI: 10.1039/b815988b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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