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Thanh NTK, Puntes VF, Tung LD, Fernig DG. Peptides as capping ligands for in situ synthesis of water soluble Co nanoparticles for bioapplications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/17/1/012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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152
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Abstract
In this article, we defined the major areas of active research in clinical MR imaging. Further increases in the number of parallel coils within an imaging array and in advances in parallel imaging pulse sequences and postprocessing will lead to further reductions in imaging time analogous to the impact of multidetector CT on helical CT. The synergism between parallel and high-field imaging will aid the development of high-field imaging. The combined dynamic and hepatic parenchymal enhancement of new contrast agents that have or may soon receive FDA approval will enable improved detection and characterization of liver lesions. The lymphotropic SPIO agents will remain an active area of clinical research to further assess their role in oncologic staging. Molecular imaging contrast research using magnetic particles and MR microscopy will continue to flourish. Screening examinations by MR imaging will re-main an area of research for the short- and intermediate term, with the final outcome dependent more on socioeconomic costs than the underlying capability of achieving high-quality screening studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Brian Hyslop
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, 101 Manning Drive, CB #7510, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7510, USA
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153
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Abstract
Technologic innovations in instrumentation and contrast agents naturally lead to new clinical and research applications in body MRI. Although long-range predictions of innovation are an uncertain process, short-term trends in development are more readily discernable. This review will provide examples of recent developments in magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging, contrast agent development and molecular imaging, instrumentation, post-processing, and screening in an attempt to describe areas of active research.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Brian Hyslop
- Department of Radiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7510, USA.
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154
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Yoon T, Kim JS, Kim BG, Yu KN, Cho M, Lee J. Multifunctional Nanoparticles Possessing A “Magnetic Motor Effect” for Drug or Gene Delivery. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200461910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tae‐Jong Yoon
- Materials Chemistry Laboratory, School of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151‐747, Korea, Fax: (+82) 2‐882‐1080
| | - Jun Sung Kim
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine and School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151‐747, Korea, Fax: (+82) 2‐873‐1268
| | - Byung Geol Kim
- Materials Chemistry Laboratory, School of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151‐747, Korea, Fax: (+82) 2‐882‐1080
| | - Kyeong Nam Yu
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine and School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151‐747, Korea, Fax: (+82) 2‐873‐1268
| | - Myung‐Haing Cho
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine and School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151‐747, Korea, Fax: (+82) 2‐873‐1268
| | - Jin‐Kyu Lee
- Materials Chemistry Laboratory, School of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151‐747, Korea, Fax: (+82) 2‐882‐1080
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155
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Yoon TJ, Kim JS, Kim BG, Yu KN, Cho MH, Lee JK. Multifunctional Nanoparticles Possessing A “Magnetic Motor Effect” for Drug or Gene Delivery. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005; 44:1068-1071. [PMID: 15635729 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200461910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 360] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Jong Yoon
- Materials Chemistry Laboratory, School of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-747, Korea, Fax: (+82) 2-882-1080
| | - Jun Sung Kim
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine and School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-747, Korea, Fax: (+82) 2-873-1268
| | - Byung Geol Kim
- Materials Chemistry Laboratory, School of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-747, Korea, Fax: (+82) 2-882-1080
| | - Kyeong Nam Yu
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine and School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-747, Korea, Fax: (+82) 2-873-1268
| | - Myung-Haing Cho
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine and School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-747, Korea, Fax: (+82) 2-873-1268
| | - Jin-Kyu Lee
- Materials Chemistry Laboratory, School of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-747, Korea, Fax: (+82) 2-882-1080
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156
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Basilion JP, Yeon S, Botnar R. Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Utility as a Molecular Imaging Modality. Curr Top Dev Biol 2005; 70:1-33. [PMID: 16338335 DOI: 10.1016/s0070-2153(05)70001-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Significant scientific effort has gone into the deconvolution and understanding of complex biological systems. These efforts have yielded much information about the molecular changes that are causative or arise as a result of disease. Molecular imaging is a relatively newer field that is attempting to use these molecular data to generate images that report on changes in gene expression. It has been demonstrated that generating images based on molecular differences rather than anatomical differences between tissues has resulted in more sensitive detection of diseased tissues and has allowed imaging of drug efficacy against particular drug targets. This chapter discusses the application of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to molecular imaging. It begins with a review of the basis for magnetic resonance image generation and how manipulation of different parameters of the system can be applied to molecular imaging. It then specifically reviews some of the problematic areas for magnetic resonance application to molecular imaging and how these can be resolved by manipulating the magnetic resonance system, altering magnetic resonance probe characteristics, or exploiting the biology to be imaged. It concludes with several examples demonstrating the utility of MRI to generate high-resolution, noninvasive images of molecular events occurring in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Basilion
- Center for Molecular Imaging Research, National Foundation for Cancer Research (NFCR) Center for Molecular Analysis and Imaging, Department of Radiology Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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157
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Liu Y, Wang H, Chen Y, Ke CF, Liu M. Supramolecular Aggregates Constructed from Gold Nanoparticles and l-Try-CD Polypseudorotaxanes as Captors for Fullerenes. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 127:657-66. [PMID: 15643890 DOI: 10.1021/ja046294w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of cyclodextrin-based polypseudorotaxanes (PPRs) were constructed by threading native beta-cyclodextrin or l-tryptophan-modified beta-cyclodextrin onto the amino-terminated PPG chains of different lengths. Subsequently, these PPRs were further assembled to form netlike supramolecular aggregates through the linkage of gold nanoparticles, and the resulting water-soluble Au-PPR aggregates were comprehensively characterized by FT-IR, UV, NMR, fluorescence spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction patterning, TG-DTA, and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that the size and sedimentation rate of the Au-PPR aggregates were mainly dependent on the lengths of the PPG chains. Significantly, the Au-PPR aggregate 8, involving many l-tryptophan residues, showed not only a satisfactory water solubility but also a good capturing ability for fullerenes in aqueous solution. The 8-fullerene conjugate thus formed exhibited a good DNA cleavage ability under light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China.
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158
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Exciting advances have been made in the field of hematopoietic stem cell biology during the past year. This review summarizes recent progress in the identification, culture, and in vivo tracking of hematopoietic stem cells. RECENT FINDINGS The roles of Wnt and Notch proteins in regulating stem cell renewal in the microenvironment, and how these molecules can be exploited in ex vivo stem cell culture, are reviewed. The importance of identification of stem cells using functional as well as phenotypic markers is discussed. The novel field of nanotechnology is then discussed in the context of stem cell tracking in vivo. This review concludes with a section on the unexpected potential of bone marrow-derived stem cells to contribute to the repair of damaged tissues. The contribution of cell fusion to explain the latter phenomenon is discussed. SUMMARY Because of exciting discoveries made recently in the field of stem cell biology, researchers now have improved tools to define novel populations of stem cells, examine them ex vivo using conditions that promote self-renewal, track them into recipients, and determine whether they can contribute to the repair of damaged tissues. These discoveries will significantly advance the field of stem cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesper Bonde
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, Hematopoietic Development and Malignancy Program, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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159
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160
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Danthi SN, Pandit SD, Li KCP. A primer on molecular biology for imagers: VII. Molecular imaging probes. Acad Radiol 2004; 11:1047-54. [PMID: 15350586 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2004.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2004] [Accepted: 06/19/2004] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Narasimhan Danthi
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Institutes of Health, Clinical Center, Building 10, 9000 Rockville Pike, 1N306, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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