151
|
Staden RISV, Staden JFV, Balasoiu SC, Vasile OR. Micro- and Nanosensors, Recent Developments and Features: A Minireview. ANAL LETT 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710903518534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
152
|
Das J, Lee JA, Yang H. Ultrasensitive detection of DNA in diluted serum using NaBH4 electrooxidation mediated by [Ru(NH3)6]3+ at indium-tin oxide electrodes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:6804-6808. [PMID: 20085331 DOI: 10.1021/la904089e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
There is a crucial need for simple and highly sensitive techniques to detect DNA in complicated biological samples such as serum. Here we present an ultrasensitive electrochemical DNA sensor using (i) single DNA hybridization with peptide nucleic acid (PNA), (ii) selective binding of [Ru(NH(3))(6)](3+) to hybridized DNA, (iii) fast NaBH(4) electrooxidation mediated by [Ru(NH(3))(6)](3+), and (iv) low background currents of NaBH(4) at indium-tin oxide (ITO) electrodes. The [Ru(III)(NH(3))(5)NH(2)](2+) formed from [Ru(III)(NH(3))(6)](3+) in borate buffer (pH 11.0) is readily electrooxidized to both [Ru(IV)(NH(3))(5)NH(2)](3+) and Ru complex with a higher oxidation state. In the absence of [Ru(NH(3))(6)](3+) bound to the DNA-sensing ITO electrodes, the oxidation currents of NaBH(4) are very low. However, in the presence of [Ru(NH(3))(6)](3+), the oxidation currents of NaBH(4) are highly enhanced due to electron mediation of the oxidized Ru complexes. The significant enhancement in the electrocatalytic activity of sensing electrodes after [Ru(NH(3))(6)](3+) binding facilitates to obtain high signal-to-background ratios. PNA and ethylenediamine on DNA-sensing electrodes significantly decrease [Ru(NH(3))(6)](3+) binding, also allowing for high signal-to-background ratios. The oxidation charges of NaBH(4) obtained from chronocoulometry are highly reproducible. All combined effects enable the detection of DNA with a detection limit of 1 fM in ten-fold diluted human serum. The simple and fast detection procedure and the ultrasensitivity make this approach highly promising for practical DNA detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jagotamoy Das
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
153
|
Mbenkum BN, Schneider AS, Schütz G, Xu C, Richter G, van Aken PA, Majer G, Spatz JP. Low-temperature growth of silicon nanotubes and nanowires on amorphous substrates. ACS NANO 2010; 4:1805-1812. [PMID: 20218667 DOI: 10.1021/nn900969y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Silicon one-dimensional (Si 1D) materials are of particular relevance due to their prospect as versatile building materials for nanoelectronic devices. We report the growth of Si 1D structures from quasi-hexagonally ordered gold (Au) nanoparticle (NP) arrays on borosilicate glass (BSG) and SiOx/Si substrates. Using hydrogen instead of oxygen plasma during NP preparation enhances the catalytic activity of AuNPs (diameters of 10-20 nm), enabling Si 1D growth at temperatures as low as 320 degrees C. On BSG, Si nanowires (SiNWs) are identified and reasonable vertical alignment is achieved at 420 degrees C. On SiOx/Si, only Si nanotubes (SiNTs) are obtained right up to 420 degrees C. A mixture of SiNTs and SiNWs is observed at 450 degrees C and only SiNWs grow at 480 degrees C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beri N Mbenkum
- Max Planck Institute for Metals Research, Heisenbergstr. 3, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
154
|
Tyagi P, Postetter D, Saragnese DL, Randall CL, Mirski MA, Gracias DH. Patternable nanowire sensors for electrochemical recording of dopamine. Anal Chem 2010; 81:9979-84. [PMID: 19904993 DOI: 10.1021/ac901744s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Spatially resolved electrochemical recording of neurochemicals is difficult due to the challenges associated with producing nanometer-scale patternable and integrated sensors. We describe the lithographic fabrication and characterization of patternable gold (Au) nanowire (NW) based sensors for the electrochemical recording of dopamine (DA). We demonstrate a straightforward NW-size-independent approach to align contact pads to NWs. Sensors, with NW widths as small as 30 nm, exhibited considerable insensitivity to scan rates during cyclic voltammetry, a nonlinear increase in oxidation current with increasing NW width, and the selectivity to measure submaximal synaptic concentrations of DA in the presence of interfering ascorbic acid. The electrochemical sensitivity of Au NW electrode sensors was much larger than that of Au thin-film electrodes. In chronoamperometric measurements, the NW sensors were found to be sensitive for submicromolar concentration of DA. Hence, the patternable NW sensors represent an attractive platform for electrochemical sensing and recording.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Tyagi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
155
|
Fabrication of a nanostructure thin film on the gold electrode using continuous pulsed-potential technique and its application for the electrocatalytic determination of metronidazole. Electrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2009.10.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
156
|
Abu-Salah KM, Alrokyan SA, Khan MN, Ansari AA. Nanomaterials as analytical tools for genosensors. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2010; 10:963-93. [PMID: 22315580 PMCID: PMC3270881 DOI: 10.3390/s100100963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2009] [Revised: 01/08/2010] [Accepted: 01/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Nanomaterials are being increasingly used for the development of electrochemical DNA biosensors, due to the unique electrocatalytic properties found in nanoscale materials. They offer excellent prospects for interfacing biological recognition events with electronic signal transduction and for designing a new generation of bioelectronic devices exhibiting novel functions. In particular, nanomaterials such as noble metal nanoparticles (Au, Pt), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), magnetic nanoparticles, quantum dots and metal oxide nanoparticles have been actively investigated for their applications in DNA biosensors, which have become a new interdisciplinary frontier between biological detection and material science. In this article, we address some of the main advances in this field over the past few years, discussing the issues and challenges with the aim of stimulating a broader interest in developing nanomaterial-based biosensors and improving their applications in disease diagnosis and food safety examination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khalid M. Abu-Salah
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh-11451, P.O Box-2454, Saudi Arabia; E-Mails: (K.M.A.-S.); (S.A.A.); (M.N.K.)
| | - Salman A. Alrokyan
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh-11451, P.O Box-2454, Saudi Arabia; E-Mails: (K.M.A.-S.); (S.A.A.); (M.N.K.)
| | - Muhammad Naziruddin Khan
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh-11451, P.O Box-2454, Saudi Arabia; E-Mails: (K.M.A.-S.); (S.A.A.); (M.N.K.)
| | - Anees Ahmad Ansari
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh-11451, P.O Box-2454, Saudi Arabia; E-Mails: (K.M.A.-S.); (S.A.A.); (M.N.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
157
|
Jiménez P, Castell P, Sainz R, Ansón A, Martínez MT, Benito AM, Maser WK. Carbon Nanotube Effect on Polyaniline Morphology in Water Dispersible Composites. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:1579-85. [DOI: 10.1021/jp909093e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Jiménez
- Instituto de Carboquímica (CSIC), Department of Nanotechnology, C/ Miguel Luesma Castán 4, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pere Castell
- Instituto de Carboquímica (CSIC), Department of Nanotechnology, C/ Miguel Luesma Castán 4, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Raquel Sainz
- Instituto de Carboquímica (CSIC), Department of Nanotechnology, C/ Miguel Luesma Castán 4, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Alejandro Ansón
- Instituto de Carboquímica (CSIC), Department of Nanotechnology, C/ Miguel Luesma Castán 4, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M. Teresa Martínez
- Instituto de Carboquímica (CSIC), Department of Nanotechnology, C/ Miguel Luesma Castán 4, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana M. Benito
- Instituto de Carboquímica (CSIC), Department of Nanotechnology, C/ Miguel Luesma Castán 4, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Wolfgang K. Maser
- Instituto de Carboquímica (CSIC), Department of Nanotechnology, C/ Miguel Luesma Castán 4, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
158
|
|
159
|
|
160
|
Yun YH, Eteshola E, Bhattacharya A, Dong Z, Shim JS, Conforti L, Kim D, Schulz MJ, Ahn CH, Watts N. Tiny medicine: nanomaterial-based biosensors. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2009; 9:9275-99. [PMID: 22291565 PMCID: PMC3260642 DOI: 10.3390/s91109275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2009] [Revised: 11/03/2009] [Accepted: 11/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tiny medicine refers to the development of small easy to use devices that can help in the early diagnosis and treatment of disease. Early diagnosis is the key to successfully treating many diseases. Nanomaterial-based biosensors utilize the unique properties of biological and physical nanomaterials to recognize a target molecule and effect transduction of an electronic signal. In general, the advantages of nanomaterial-based biosensors are fast response, small size, high sensitivity, and portability compared to existing large electrodes and sensors. Systems integration is the core technology that enables tiny medicine. Integration of nanomaterials, microfluidics, automatic samplers, and transduction devices on a single chip provides many advantages for point of care devices such as biosensors. Biosensors are also being used as new analytical tools to study medicine. Thus this paper reviews how nanomaterials can be used to build biosensors and how these biosensors can help now and in the future to detect disease and monitor therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yeo-Heung Yun
- Nanoworld and Smart Materials and Devices Laboratory, College of Engineering, University of Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Edward Eteshola
- Davis Heart & Lung Research Inst, Biomedical Engineering Dept. The Ohio State University, OH, 43210, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Amit Bhattacharya
- Environmental Health, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Zhongyun Dong
- Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA; E-Mail: (Z.D.); (L.C.)
| | - Joon-Sub Shim
- BioMEMS Lab, College of Engineering, University of Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Laura Conforti
- Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA; E-Mail: (Z.D.); (L.C.)
| | - Dogyoon Kim
- College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, OH, 43210, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Mark J. Schulz
- Nanoworld and Smart Materials and Devices Laboratory, College of Engineering, University of Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Chong H. Ahn
- BioMEMS Lab, College of Engineering, University of Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Nelson Watts
- University of Cincinnati, Bone Health and Osteoporosis Center, College of Medicine, OH, 45221, USA; E-Mail:
| |
Collapse
|
161
|
Xie H, Luo SC, Yu HH. Electric-field-assisted growth of functionalized poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) nanowires for label-free protein detection. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2009; 5:2611-2617. [PMID: 19725044 DOI: 10.1002/smll.200900312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The construction of functionalized poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) nanowire devices for label-free protein detection is reported. Direct growth/assembly of PEDOT nanowires with carboxylic acid side-chain functional groups (poly(EDOT-COOH)) across the electrode junction is achieved by using an electric-field-assisted method. These functionalized PEDOT nanowire devices show typical depletion-mode p-type field-effect transistor (FET) properties. Upon conjugation with a protein-binding aptamer, the PEDOT nanowire FET devices are used for label-free electronic detection of a target protein of interest. The binding of a positively charged protein causes a substantial decrease in current flow, attributed to the specific interaction between target protein molecules and aptamer-conjugated polymer chains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Xie
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
162
|
Betty C. Highly sensitive capacitive immunosensor based on porous silicon–polyaniline structure: Bias dependence on specificity. Biosens Bioelectron 2009; 25:338-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2009.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2009] [Revised: 07/03/2009] [Accepted: 07/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
163
|
Rezaei B, Khayamian T, Majidi N, Rahmani H. Immobilization of specific monoclonal antibody on Au nanoparticles for hGH detection by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Biosens Bioelectron 2009; 25:395-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2009.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2009] [Revised: 07/19/2009] [Accepted: 07/23/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
164
|
Wang J. Biomolecule-Functionalized Nanowires: From Nanosensors to Nanocarriers. Chemphyschem 2009; 10:1748-55. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200900377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
165
|
Asif M, Nur O, Willander M, Danielsson B. Selective calcium ion detection with functionalized ZnO nanorods-extended gate MOSFET. Biosens Bioelectron 2009; 24:3379-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2009.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2009] [Revised: 03/24/2009] [Accepted: 04/06/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
166
|
Tsai WC, Wang SJ, Lin JK, Chang CL, Ko RM. Preparation of vertically-aligned nickel nanowires with anodic aluminum oxide templates and their application as field emitters. Electrochem commun 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2009.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
|
167
|
Bangar MA, Shirale DJ, Chen W, Myung NV, Mulchandani A. Single Conducting Polymer Nanowire Chemiresistive Label-Free Immunosensor for Cancer Biomarker. Anal Chem 2009; 81:2168-75. [DOI: 10.1021/ac802319f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mangesh A. Bangar
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering and Center for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Dhammanand J. Shirale
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering and Center for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Wilfred Chen
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering and Center for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Nosang V. Myung
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering and Center for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Ashok Mulchandani
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering and Center for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| |
Collapse
|
168
|
Cheung W, Chiu PL, Parajuli RR, Ma Y, Ali SR, He H. Fabrication of high performance conducting polymer nanocomposites for biosensors and flexible electronics: summary of the multiple roles of DNA dispersed and functionalized single walled carbon nanotubes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b823065j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
169
|
Li C, Bai H, Shi G. Conducting polymer nanomaterials: electrosynthesis and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2009; 38:2397-409. [DOI: 10.1039/b816681c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 550] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
170
|
Aravinda C, Cosnier S, Chen W, Myung NV, Mulchandani A. Label-free detection of cupric ions and histidine-tagged proteins using single poly(pyrrole)-NTA chelator conducting polymer nanotube chemiresistive sensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2009; 24:1451-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2008.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2008] [Revised: 08/14/2008] [Accepted: 08/14/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
171
|
Bohn PW. Nanoscale control and manipulation of molecular transport in chemical analysis. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2009; 2:279-296. [PMID: 20636063 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-060908-155130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The ability to understand and control molecular transport is critical to numerous chemical measurement strategies, especially as they apply to mass-limited samples in nanometer-scale structures. The characteristics of nanoscale structures and devices highlighted in the examples discussed in this article include enhanced mass transport, accessing novel physical behavior, large surface-to-volume ratio, diminished background signals, and the fact that molecular characteristics can dominate the behavior of the structure. The control of nanoscale transport is physically embodied in different structures and experiments. Those structures and experiments highlighted here are featured because of their centrality (nanochannels and nanopores), their connection to more familiar macroscale phenomena (nanoelectrodes), and/or their ability to introduce control (stimulus-responsive materials) or because they represent especially interesting possibilities (stochastic sensing structures).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul W Bohn
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
172
|
Bangar M, Hangarter C, Yoo B, Rheem Y, Chen W, Mulchandani A, Myung N. Magnetically Assembled Multisegmented Nanowires and Their Applications. ELECTROANAL 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200804372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
173
|
Whitesides GM, Lipomi DJ. Soft nanotechnology: “structure”vs.“function”. Faraday Discuss 2009; 143:373-84. [DOI: 10.1039/b917540g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
174
|
Towards biosensors based on conducting polymer nanowires. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 393:1225-31. [PMID: 19115054 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-2556-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2008] [Revised: 11/26/2008] [Accepted: 11/28/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the electrochemical deposition of poly(pyrrolepropylic acid) nanowires, their covalent modification with antibodies and their conversion into potential functional sensor devices. The nanowires and the devices were characterised by optical microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, electron microscopy and electrical measurements. Fluorescence images, current-voltage (I-V) profiles and real-time sensing measurements demonstrated a rapid and highly sensitive and selective detection of human serum albumin (HSA), a substance that has been used to diagnose incipient renal disease. The detection is based on the selective binding of HSA onto anti-HSA that is covalently attached to the nanowires. The binding changes the electrical properties of the nanowires thus enabling the real-time detection. Whilst the utility of the research was demonstrated for protein binding/detection, the technology could easily be designed for the detection of other analytes by the modification of polymer nanowires with other analyte-specific molecules/biomolecules. Therefore, the technology has the potential to positively impact broad analytical applications in the biomedical, environmental and other sectors.
Collapse
|
175
|
Liu Y, Zhu Y, Zeng Y, Xu F. An Effective Amperometric Biosensor Based on Gold Nanoelectrode Arrays. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2008; 4:210-215. [PMID: 20596449 PMCID: PMC2893911 DOI: 10.1007/s11671-008-9227-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2008] [Accepted: 11/25/2008] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive amperometric biosensor based on gold nanoelectrode array (NEA) was investigated. The gold nanoelectrode array was fabricated by template-assisted electrodeposition on general electrodes, which shows an ordered well-defined 3D structure of nanowires. The sensitivity of the gold NEA to hydrogen peroxide is 37 times higher than that of the conventional electrode. The linear range of the platinum NEA toward H(2)O(2) is from 1 x 10(-6) to 1 x 10(-2) M, covering four orders of magnitudes with detection limit of 1 x 10(-7) M and a single noise ratio (S/N) of four. The enzyme electrode exhibits an excellent response performance to glucose with linear range from 1 x 10(-5) to 1 x 10(-2) M and a fast response time within 8 s. The Michaelis-Menten constant km and the maximum current density i(max) of the enzyme electrode were 4.97 mM and 84.60 muA cm(-2), respectively. This special nanoelectrode may find potential application in other biosensors based on amperometric signals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Liu
- Key Lab Special Functional Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, People’s Republic of China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Lab of Inorganic Coating, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Dingxi Road, Shanghai, 200050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingchun Zhu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Lab of Inorganic Coating, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Dingxi Road, Shanghai, 200050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Zeng
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Lab of Inorganic Coating, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Dingxi Road, Shanghai, 200050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fangfang Xu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Lab of Inorganic Coating, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Dingxi Road, Shanghai, 200050, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
176
|
Vazquez-Mena O, Villanueva G, Savu V, Sidler K, van den Boogaart MAF, Brugger J. Metallic nanowires by full wafer stencil lithography. NANO LETTERS 2008; 8:3675-82. [PMID: 18817451 DOI: 10.1021/nl801778t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum and gold nanowires were fabricated using 100 mm stencil wafers containing nanoslits fabricated with a focused ion beam. The stencils were aligned and the nanowires deposited on a substrate with predefined electrical pads. The morphology and resistivity of the wires were studied. Nanowires down to 70 nm wide and 5 mum long have been achieved showing a resistivity of 10 microOmegacm for Al and 5 microOmegacm for Au and maximum current density of approximately 10(8) A/cm(2). This proves the capability of stencil lithography for the fabrication of metallic nanowires on a full wafer scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O Vazquez-Mena
- Microsystems Laboratory, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
177
|
He B, Morrow TJ, Keating CD. Nanowire sensors for multiplexed detection of biomolecules. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2008; 12:522-8. [PMID: 18804551 PMCID: PMC2676934 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2008.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2008] [Accepted: 08/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Nanowire-based detection strategies provide promising new routes to bioanalysis that could one day revolutionize the healthcare industry. This review covers recent developments in nanowire sensors for multiplexed detection of biomolecules such as nucleic acids and proteins. We focus on encoded nanowire suspension arrays and semiconductor nanowire-based field-effect transistors. Nanowire assembly and integration with microchip technology is emphasized as a key step toward the ultimate goal of multiplexed detection at the point of care using portable, low power, electronic biosensor chips.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo He
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
178
|
Wang R, Dong W, Ruan C, Kanayeva D, Tian R, Lassiter K, Li Y. TiO2 nanowire bundle microelectrode based impedance immunosensor for rapid and sensitive detection of Listeria monocytogenes. NANO LETTERS 2008; 8:2625-31. [PMID: 18715043 DOI: 10.1021/nl080366q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A novel TiO 2 nanowire bundle microelectrode based immunosensor was demonstrated as a more sensitive, specific, and rapid technology for detection of Listeria monocytogenes. TiO 2 nanowire bundle was prepared through a hydrothermal reaction of alkali with TiO 2 powder and connected to gold microelectrodes with mask welding. Monoclonal antibodies were immobilized on the surface of a TiO 2 nanowire bundle to specifically capture L. monocytogenes. Impedance change caused by the nanowire-antibody-bacteria complex was measured and correlated to bacterial number. This nanowire bundle based immunosensor could detect as low as 10 (2) cfu/ml of L. monocytogenes in 1 h without significant interference from other foodborne pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronghui Wang
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
179
|
Kauffman D, Star A. Gas- und Dampfsensoren auf der Basis von Kohlenstoff-Nanoröhren. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200704488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
180
|
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas R Kauffman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh and The National Energy Technology Laboratory, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
181
|
Shi P, Bohn PW. Stable atom-scale junctions on silicon fabricated by kinetically controlled electrochemical deposition and dissolution. ACS NANO 2008; 2:1581-1588. [PMID: 19206360 DOI: 10.1021/nn8002955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Metallic atom-scale junctions (ASJs) constitute the natural limit of nanowires, in which the limiting region of conduction is only a few atoms wide. They are of interest because they exhibit ballistic conduction and their conductance is extraordinarily sensitive to molecular adsorption. However, identifying robust and regenerable mechanisms for their production is a challenge. Gold ASJs have been fabricated electrochemically on silicon using an iodide-containing medium to control the kinetics. Extremely slow electrodeposition or electrodissolution rates were achieved and used to reliably produce ASJs with limiting conductance <5 G(0). Starting from a photolithographically fabricated, Si(3)N(4)-protected micrometer-scale Au bridge between two contact electrodes, a nanometer-scale gap was prepared by focused ion beam milling. The opposing Au faces of this construct were then used in an open-circuit working electrode configuration to produce Au ASJs, either directly or by first overgrowing a thicker Au nanowire and electrothinning it back to an ASJ. Gold ASJs produced by either approach exhibit good stabilityin some cases being stable over hours at 300 Kand quantized conductance properties. The influence of deposition/dissolution potential and supporting electrolyte on the stability of ASJs are considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Shi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
182
|
Yoon H, Ko S, Jang J. Field-effect-transistor sensor based on enzyme-functionalized polypyrrole nanotubes for glucose detection. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:9992-7. [PMID: 18646791 DOI: 10.1021/jp800567h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We describe the detection of glucose based on a liquid-ion gated field-effect transistor configuration in which enzyme-functionalized polypyrrole nanotubes are employed as the conductive channel. First of all, carboxylated polypyrrole nanotubes (CPNTs) were successfully fabricated by the chemical polymerization of an intrinsically functionalized monomer (pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid, P3CA) without degradation in major physical properties. The CPNTs possessed not only well-defined functional groups but also electrical properties comparable to nonsubstituted polypyrrole. Importantly, the carboxylic acid functional group can be utilized for various chemical and biological functionalizations. A liquid-ion gated FET sensor was readily constructed on the basis of the chemical functionality of CPNTs. In the first stage, the CPNTs were immobilized onto a microelectrode substrate via covalent linkages. It was noteworthy that the covalent immobilization allowed high-quality contact between the nanotubes and the microelectrodes in the liquid phase. The second stage involved the covalent binding of glucose oxidase (GOx) enzyme to the nanotubes. The covalent functionalization generally provides excellent enzymatic activity and thermal stability. The fabricated FET sensor provided real-time response (an increase in source-drain current) and high sensitivity toward the various concentrations (0.5-20 mM) of glucose. The enzymatic reaction product, hydrogen peroxide, played pivotal roles in modulating the charge transport property of CPNTs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonseok Yoon
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, 599 Gwanangno, Gwanakgu, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
183
|
Zhang J, Kuznetsov AM, Medvedev IG, Chi Q, Albrecht T, Jensen PS, Ulstrup J. Single-Molecule Electron Transfer in Electrochemical Environments. Chem Rev 2008; 108:2737-91. [PMID: 18620372 DOI: 10.1021/cr068073+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
184
|
Xu W, Song J, Sun L, Yang J, Hu W, Ji Z, Yu SH. Structural, electrical, and photoconductive properties of individual single-crystalline tellurium nanotubes synthesized by a chemical route: doping effects on electrical structure. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2008; 4:888-893. [PMID: 18512842 DOI: 10.1002/smll.200701227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Weihong Xu
- Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
185
|
Lipomi DJ, Chiechi RC, Dickey MD, Whitesides GM. Fabrication of conjugated polymer nanowires by edge lithography. NANO LETTERS 2008; 8:2100-2105. [PMID: 18517256 DOI: 10.1021/nl8009318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the fabrication of conjugated polymer nanowires by a three stage process: (i) spin-coating a composite film comprising alternating layers of a conjugated polymer and a sacrificial material, (ii) embedding the film in an epoxy matrix and sectioning it with an ultramicrotome (nanoskiving), and (iii) etching the sacrificial material to reveal nanowires of the conjugated polymer. A free-standing, 100-layer film of two conjugated polymers was spin-coated from orthogonal solvents: poly(2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene) (MEH-PPV) from chloroform and poly(benzimidazobenzophenanthroline ladder) (BBL) from methanesulfonic acid. After sectioning the multilayer film, dissolution of the BBL with methanesulfonic acid yielded uniaxially aligned MEH-PPV nanowires with rectangular cross sections, and etching MEH-PPV with an oxygen plasma yielded BBL nanowires. The conductivity of MEH-PPV nanowires changed rapidly and reversibly by >10 (3) upon exposure to I 2 vapor. The result suggests that this technique could be used to fabricate high-surface-area structures of conducting organic nanowires for possible applications in sensing and in other fields where a high surface area in a small volume is desirable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darren J Lipomi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
186
|
Elfström N, Linnros J. Biomolecule detection using a silicon nanoribbon: accumulation mode versus inversion mode. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2008; 19:235201. [PMID: 21825781 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/19/23/235201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Silicon nanoribbons were fabricated using standard optical lithography from silicon on insulator material with top silicon layer thicknesses of 100, 60 and 45 nm. Electrically these work as Schottky-barrier field-effect transistors and, depending on the substrate voltage, electron or hole injection is possible. The current through the nanoribbon is extremely sensitive to charge changes at the oxidized top surface and can be used for biomolecule detection in a liquid. We show that for detection of streptavidin molecules the response is larger in the accumulation mode than in the inversion mode, although not leading to higher detection sensitivity due to increased noise. The effect is attributed to the location in depth of the conducting channel, which for holes is closer to the screened surface charges of the biomolecules. Furthermore, the response increases for decreasing silicon thickness in both the accumulation mode and the inversion mode. The results are verified qualitatively and quantitatively through a two-dimensional simulation model on a cross section along the nanoribbon device.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Elfström
- Laboratory of Materials and Semiconductor Physics, Royal Institute of Technology KTH, SE-164 40 Kista, Sweden
| | | |
Collapse
|
187
|
Yoon H, Kim JH, Lee N, Kim BG, Jang J. A novel sensor platform based on aptamer-conjugated polypyrrole nanotubes for label-free electrochemical protein detection. Chembiochem 2008; 9:634-41. [PMID: 18247433 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200700660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We first present a simple yet versatile strategy for the functionalization of polymer nanotubes in a controlled fashion. Carboxylic-acid-functionalized polypyrrole (CPPy) nanotubes were fabricated by using cylindrical micelle templates in a water-in-oil emulsion system, and the functional carboxyl groups were effectively incorporated into the polymer backbone during the polymerization by using pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid (P3CA) as a co-monomer without a sophisticated functionalization process. It was noteworthy that the chemical functionality of CPPy nanotubes was readily controlled in both qualitative and quantitative aspects. On the basis of the controlled functionality of CPPy nanotubes, a field-effect transistor (FET) sensor platform was constructed to detect specific biological entities by using a buffer solution as a liquid-ion gate. The CPPy nanotubes were covalently immobilized onto the microelectrode substrate to make a good electrical contact with the metal electrodes, and thrombin aptamers were bonded to the nanotube surface via covalent linkages as the molecular recognition element. The selective recognition ability of thrombin aptamers combined with the charge transport property of CPPy nanotubes enabled the direct and label-free electrical detection of thrombin proteins. Upon exposure to thrombin, the CPPy nanotube FET sensors showed a decrease in current flow, which was probably attributed to the dipole-dipole or dipole-charge interaction between thrombin proteins and the aptamer-conjugated polymer chains. Importantly, the sensor response was tuned by adjusting the chemical functionality of CPPy nanotubes. The efficacy of CPPy nanotube FET sensors was also demonstrated in human blood serum; this suggests that they may be used for practical diagnosis applications after further optimization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonseok Yoon
- Hyperstructured Organic Materials Research Center, School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Shinlimdong 56-1, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
188
|
|
189
|
Electrodeposition of nickel oxide nanoparticles on glassy carbon surfaces: application to the direct electron transfer of tyrosinase. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-008-9541-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
190
|
|
191
|
Grieshaber D, MacKenzie R, Vörös J, Reimhult E. Electrochemical Biosensors - Sensor Principles and Architectures. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2008; 8:1400-1458. [PMID: 27879772 PMCID: PMC3663003 DOI: 10.3390/s80314000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 787] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2008] [Accepted: 01/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Quantification of biological or biochemical processes are of utmost importance for medical, biological and biotechnological applications. However, converting the biological information to an easily processed electronic signal is challenging due to the complexity of connecting an electronic device directly to a biological environment. Electrochemical biosensors provide an attractive means to analyze the content of a biological sample due to the direct conversion of a biological event to an electronic signal. Over the past decades several sensing concepts and related devices have been developed. In this review, the most common traditional techniques, such as cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, chronopotentiometry, impedance spectroscopy, and various field-effect transistor based methods are presented along with selected promising novel approaches, such as nanowire or magnetic nanoparticle-based biosensing. Additional measurement techniques, which have been shown useful in combination with electrochemical detection, are also summarized, such as the electrochemical versions of surface plasmon resonance, optical waveguide lightmode spectroscopy, ellipsometry, quartz crystal microbalance, and scanning probe microscopy. The signal transduction and the general performance of electrochemical sensors are often determined by the surface architectures that connect the sensing element to the biological sample at the nanometer scale. The most common surface modification techniques, the various electrochemical transduction mechanisms, and the choice of the recognition receptor molecules all influence the ultimate sensitivity of the sensor. New nanotechnology-based approaches, such as the use of engineered ion-channels in lipid bilayers, the encapsulation of enzymes into vesicles, polymersomes, or polyelectrolyte capsules provide additional possibilities for signal amplification. In particular, this review highlights the importance of the precise control over the delicate interplay between surface nano-architectures, surface functionalization and the chosen sensor transducer principle, as well as the usefulness of complementary characterization tools to interpret and to optimize the sensor response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorothee Grieshaber
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Robert MacKenzie
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Janos Vörös
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Erik Reimhult
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
192
|
|
193
|
Belluzo MS, Ribone ME, Lagier CM. Assembling Amperometric Biosensors for Clinical Diagnostics. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2008; 8:1366-1399. [PMID: 27879771 PMCID: PMC3663002 DOI: 10.3390/s8031366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2008] [Accepted: 02/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Clinical diagnosis and disease prevention routinely require the assessment ofspecies determined by chemical analysis. Biosensor technology offers several benefits overconventional diagnostic analysis. They include simplicity of use, specificity for the targetanalyte, speed to arise to a result, capability for continuous monitoring and multiplexing,together with the potentiality of coupling to low-cost, portable instrumentation. This workfocuses on the basic lines of decisions when designing electron-transfer-based biosensorsfor clinical analysis, with emphasis on the strategies currently used to improve the deviceperformance, the present status of amperometric electrodes for biomedicine, and the trendsand challenges envisaged for the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Soledad Belluzo
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario -2000, Argentina
| | - María Elida Ribone
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario -2000, Argentina
| | - Claudia Marina Lagier
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario -2000, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
194
|
Yogeswaran U, Chen SM. A Review on the Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors Composed of Nanowires as Sensing Material. SENSORS 2008; 8:290-313. [PMID: 27879709 PMCID: PMC3681128 DOI: 10.3390/s8010290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 363] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2007] [Accepted: 01/14/2008] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The development and application of nanowires for electrochemical sensors and biosensors are reviewed in this article. Next generation sensor platforms will require significant improvements in sensitivity, specificity and parallelism in order to meet the future needs in variety of fields. Sensors made of nanowires exploit some fundamental nanoscopic effect in order to meet these requirements. Nanowires are new materials, which have the characteristic of low weight with extraordinary mechanical, electrical, thermal and multifunctional properties. The advantages such as size scale, aspect ratio and other properties of nanowires are especially apparent in the use of electrical sensors such as electrochemical sensors and in the use of field-effect transistors. The preparation methods of nanowires and their properties are discussed along with their advantages towards electrochemical sensors and biosensors. Some key results from each article are summarized, relating the concept and mechanism behind each sensor, with experimental conditions as well as their behavior at different conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Umasankar Yogeswaran
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, No.1, Section 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road , Taipei 106, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Shen-Ming Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, No.1, Section 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road , Taipei 106, Taiwan (ROC).
| |
Collapse
|
195
|
|
196
|
Szot K, Niedziolka J, Rogalski J, Marken F, Opallo M. Bioelectrocatalytic dioxygen reduction at hybrid silicate–polyallylamine film with encapsulated laccase. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2007.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
197
|
Haino T, Tanaka M, Fukazawa Y. Self-assembly of tris(phenylisoxazolyl)benzene and its asymmetric induction of supramolecular chirality. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:468-70. [DOI: 10.1039/b715871h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
198
|
Studies on Calcium Ion Selectivity of ZnO Nanowire Sensors Using Ionophore Membrane Coatings. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1155/2008/701813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Zinc oxide nanorods with 100 nm diameter and 900 nm length were grown on the surface of a silver wire (0.25 mm in diameter) with the aim to produce electrochemical nanosensors. It is shown that the ZnO nanorods exhibit a -dependent electrochemical potentiometric behavior in an aqueous solution. The potential difference was found to be linear over a large logarithmic concentration range (1 M to 0.1 M) using Ag/AgCl as a reference electrode and the response time was less than one minute. In order to adapt the sensors for calcium ion measurements in biological fluids with sufficient selectivity and stability, plastic membrane coatings containing ionophores were applied. These functionalized ZnO nanorods sensors showed a high sensitivity (26.55 mV/decade) and good stability.
Collapse
|
199
|
Erickson D, Mandal S, Yang AHJ, Cordovez B. Nanobiosensors: optofluidic, electrical and mechanical approaches to biomolecular detection at the nanoscale. MICROFLUIDICS AND NANOFLUIDICS 2008; 4:33-52. [PMID: 18806888 PMCID: PMC2544611 DOI: 10.1007/s10404-007-0198-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Next generation biosensor platforms will require significant improvements in sensitivity, specificity and parallelity in order to meet the future needs of a variety of fields ranging from in vitro medical diagnostics, pharmaceutical discovery and pathogen detection. Nano-biosensors, which exploit some fundamental nanoscopic effect in order to detect a specific biomolecular interaction, have now been developed to a point where it is possible to determine in what cases their inherent advantages over traditional techniques (such as nucleic acid microarrays) more than offset the added complexity and cost involved constructing and assembling the devices. In this paper we will review the state of the art in nanoscale biosensor technologies, focusing primarily on optofluidic type devices but also covering those which exploit fundamental mechanical and electrical transduction mechanisms. A detailed overview of next generation requirements is presented yielding a series of metrics (namely limit of detection, multiplexibility, measurement limitations, and ease of fabrication/assembly) against which the various technologies are evaluated. Concluding remarks regarding the likely technological impact of some of the promising technologies are also provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Erickson
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, 240 Upson Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
200
|
Abstract
This review summarizes recent advances in electrochemical biosensors based on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon nanofibers (CNFs) with an emphasis on applications of CNTs. CNTs and CNFs have unique electric, electrocatalytic and mechanical properties, which make them efficient materials for developing electrochemical biosensors.We discuss functionalizing CNTs for biosensors. We review electrochemical biosensors based on CNTs and their various applications (e.g., measurement of small biological molecules and environmental pollutants, detection of DNA, and immunosensing of disease biomarkers). Moreover, we outline the development of electrochemical biosensors based on CNFs and their applications. Finally, we discuss some future applications of CNTs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Yuehe Lin
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| |
Collapse
|