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Patel M G, Sharma U S U, Kumar B, Patel P, Chander A, Tyagi P. UNDERSTANDING THE VITAL DETERMINANTS SHAPING LEARNERS' PHYSICAL ACTIVITYAND PSYCHOEMOTIONAL WELLBEING IN THE COVID-19 PERIOD. Georgian Med News 2023:98-103. [PMID: 38096524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
The Corona Virus (COV-19) epidemic significantly affected the educational environment, requiring a quick transition to distance and blended learning methods. This extraordinary disruption had an incredible impact on pupil's levels of physical activity (PA), psycho-emotional health (PEH) and engagement with academic material. The research aims to examine the vital determinants that influenced various areas of learners' lives during CoV-19. The purpose of this 600-person study was to collect data on the subjects' overall health and PA levels for the CoV-19 pandemic. The SPSS application was used to process the questionnaire's collected data. The information given reveals the respondents' degree of PA throughout the quarantine. According to the breakdown, 15% indicated low levels of PA, 39% reported medium levels and 46% reported high levels. The data show that, despite the respondents' different levels of PA, little PA predominated for most of them. The limitations of distance learning throughout quarantine and the prevalent recommendation of leaving residence for necessary reasons were blamed for this tendency. There were fewer prospects for higher-intensity PA due to these circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Patel M
- 1Department of Community Medicine, Parul University, PO Limda, Tal. Waghodia, District Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - U Sharma U S
- 2Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, JAIN (Deemed-to-be University), Karnataka, India
| | - B Kumar
- 3School of Pharmacy & Research, Dev Bhoomi Uttarakhand University, Dehradun, India
| | - P Patel
- 4Department of Allied Healthcare and Sciences, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, India
| | - A Chander
- 5Department of Ophthalmology, TMMC&RC, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - P Tyagi
- 6Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Ohri N, Gill A, Vankar G, Tyagi P, Reddy S. Relationship between online cognition and personality traits: A questionnaire based study of medical college students. Eur Psychiatry 2021. [PMCID: PMC9480402 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.1538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Current classification systems are not sure where to place the internet use disorder. Is it an addiction, an impulse control disorder, a consequence of another psychiatric morbidity or a consequence of personality trait/personality disorder? Objectives We intended to study which personality traits associated with online cognition may contribute towards Problematic internet use(PIU). We also analysed the relationship between number of hours of use/week of internet and PIU along with its relation with two ‘screening’ questions. Methods Online cognition scale and Abbreviated Eysenck Personality questionnaires were our measurements of choice in addition to demographic measures and some questions pertaining to online behaviour patterns. Results Total 163 responses were analysed. The demographic pools consisted mostly of young adults who had, on average, used the internet for 5.2 years at present rate of 21.81hours/week. We observed significantly higher mean OCS scores in men, in people who thought that the internet interfered with their lives and in those who felt the need to ‘cut-down’. A moderate positive and significant correlation was observed between hpurs/week of internet use and OCS scores. Also, significant positive correlation was observed between Neuroticism and OCS, impulsivity, and loneliness/depression scores. Significant negative correlations were observed between the Lie trait and impulse control. Neuroticism and Lie together contributed to 21.8% of variance in OCS scores. Conclusions Neuroticism and Lie traits (representing need for social acceptance) were found to the causing significamn varience in the OCS scores of the subjects. High number of hours/week use of internet was related to the feeling of ‘need to cut down use’.
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Tyagi P, Dodwad VW, Vaish S, Chowdhery T, Gupta N, Kukreja JB. Clinical Efficacy of Subgingivally Delivered Punica Granatum Chip and Gel in Management of Chronic Periodontitis Patients. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2020; 18:279-283. [PMID: 34158437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Background Periodontitis has a multifactorial etiology, and the pathogenic bacteria that reside in the subgingival area are the primary etiologic agent. Objective The study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and benefits of herbal chip and gel made from extracts of Punica granatum as a subgingival adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP). Method A randomized control clinical trial was conducted on 30 systemically healthy patient's sites having chronic periodontitis, and they were randomly allocated to into three treatment groups followed by Scaling and Root Planing in all patients. Group 1 - Ten patients received Scaling and Root Planing and Punica granatum chip at selected sites. Group 2 - Ten patients received Scaling and Root Planing and punica granatum gel at selected sites. Group 3 - Ten patients with Scaling and Root Planing alone. Clinical parameters were recorded at baseline, 21 days and at 45 days which included plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing pocket depth (PPD) and relative attachment level (RAL). Result Plaque Index and Gingival index showed better reduction in group I compared to group II and group III at 21st day 45th day follow up. Analysing Pocket Probing Depth the intergroup comparison revealed similar results with maximum reduction being seen in group I from baseline to 21 and baseline to 45 days (p < 0.001). On analysing Relative Attachment Loss revealed reduction in all three groups with maximum reduction in group I from baseline to 45 days and reduction in group III was not statistically significant (p < 0.090). Conclusion The study concluded that Punica granatum chip as an adjunct to Scaling and Root Planing was more effective than Punica granatum gel and scaling and root planing alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Tyagi
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Shri Bankey Bihari Dental College
| | - V W Dodwad
- Department of Periodontology and OralImplantology, BVP Sangli
| | - S Vaish
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, I.T.S Dental College, Muradnagar, Ghaziabad
| | - T Chowdhery
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, I.T.S Dental College, Muradnagar, Ghaziabad
| | - N Gupta
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Shri Bankey Bihari Dental College
| | - J B Kukreja
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Teerthanker Mahaveer Dental College and Research Center, Moradabad, India
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Ramesh C, Tyagi P, Senthil Kumar M, Kushvaha SS. Structural and Optical Properties of Self-Assembled Epitaxially Grown GaN Nanorods and Nanoporous Film on Sapphire (0001) Using Laser Molecular Beam Epitaxy. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2020; 20:3839-3844. [PMID: 31748084 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2020.17498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The GaN nanoporous-film (NPF) and nanorods (NRs) were grown on sapphire (0001) using laserassisted molecular beam epitaxy (LMBE) technique by laser ablating solid GaN target at different laser energy density. The interconnected GaN NPF was grown at low laser energy density of ˜4 J/cm² whereas vertically aligned GaN NRs was obtained at high laser energy density of ˜7 J/cm². The pore size of the GaN NPF structure is in range of 40-120 nm. The GaN NRs possess hexagonal shape with six sidewall facets and truncated top facet. The length, width and density of GaN NRs are 600-900 nm, 150-250 nm and ˜2.5×107 cm-2, respectively. The X-ray rocking curve full width at half maximum values along GaN (0002) and (1012) planes for GaN NRs obtained to be 0.41 and 0.53°, respectively. The biaxial stress in hetero-epitaxially grown GaN was investigated with Raman spectroscopy and it was found that GaN NRs possesses a very low in-plane compressive biaxial stress of 0.09 GPa. The photoluminescence study exhibits a sharp band-to-band emission at 3.4 eV with a peak line width of 140 meV, signifying the good optical quality of the LMBE grown GaN NRs on sapphire (0001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ch Ramesh
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Road, New Delhi 110012, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - P Tyagi
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Road, New Delhi 110012, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - M Senthil Kumar
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Road, New Delhi 110012, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sunil S Kushvaha
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Road, New Delhi 110012, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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Ramesh C, Pandey J, Tyagi P, Soni A, Senthil Kumar M, Kushvaha SS. Excitation Density Dependent Photoluminescence Studies on Homo-Epitaxial GaN Nanowall Networks Grown by Laser Assisted Molecular Beam Epitaxy. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2020; 20:3866-3872. [PMID: 31748088 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2020.17509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The optical properties of laser-assisted molecular beam epitaxy grown homo-epitaxialGaN nanowall networks (NWNs) were investigated using power dependent photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy and compared with homo-epitaxial GaN thin film. The pore size and tip width of GaN NWN sample is ˜120-180 nm and 10-15 nm, respectively. The ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy study shows that the GaN NWNs have low optical light reflection and minimum Fabry-Perot cavity effect than GaN film. The room temperature PL spectroscopy reveals that the GaN NWNs possesses enhanced band gap of 3.51 eV with blue shift of 90 meV than the GaN film (3.42 eV). The excitation density dependent PL spectroscopy measurements reveal that the GaN NWNs nanowall and near band emission (NBE) peak position and its linewidth invariant. The intensity of NBE peak for GaN film and nanowalls varies linearly whereas NBE to defect related yellow luminescence peak intensity ratio shows a non-linear variation on the excitation density. The excitation density in PL measurements plays a key role when the sample quality compared on the basis of PL data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ch Ramesh
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - J Pandey
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi 175005, HP, India
| | - P Tyagi
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - A Soni
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi 175005, HP, India
| | - M Senthil Kumar
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - S S Kushvaha
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India
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Ramesh C, Tyagi P, Bera S, Gautam S, Subhedar KM, Senthil Kumar M, Kushvaha SS. Structural and Optical Properties of GaN Film on Copper and Graphene/Copper Metal Foils Grown by Laser Molecular Beam Epitaxy. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2020; 20:3929-3934. [PMID: 31748098 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2020.17536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report the direct growth of crystalline GaN on bare copper (Cu) and monolayer-graphene/Cu metal foils using laser molecular beam epitaxy technique at growth temperature of 700 °C. The surface morphology investigated with field emission scanning electron microscopy revealed that the size of GaN grains for film grown on bare Cu falls in range of 90 to 160 nm whereas large grains with size of ˜200 to 600 nm was obtained for GaN grown on graphene/Cu foil under similar growth condition. The transverse optical mode of cubic GaN and E₂ (high) phonon mode for wurtzite GaN phases were obtained on the GaN film grown on Cu and graphene/Cu metal foils as deduced by Raman spectroscopy. The photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy studies showed that the near band edge emission peaks for GaN on Cu and graphene/Cu consist two major peaks at 3.26 and 3.4 eV, corresponding to cubic and wurtzite GaN, respectively. The Raman and PL studies disclosed that the mixed phase growth of GaN occurs on these foils and better structural and optical quality for GaN on graphene/Cu foil. The direct growth of GaN on two dimensional graphene on polycrystalline metal foils is beneficial various transferrable and flexible opto-electronics device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ramesh
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Road, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - P Tyagi
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Road, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - S Bera
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur 760010, India
| | - S Gautam
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Road, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Kiran M Subhedar
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Road, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - M Senthil Kumar
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Road, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Sunil S Kushvaha
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Road, New Delhi 110012, India
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Ramesh C, Tyagi P, Kaswan J, Yadav BS, Shukla AK, Senthil Kumar M, Kushvaha SS. Effect of surface modification and laser repetition rate on growth, structural, electronic and optical properties of GaN nanorods on flexible Ti metal foil. RSC Adv 2020; 10:2113-2122. [PMID: 35494595 PMCID: PMC9048994 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra09707d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of flexible Ti metal foil surface modification and laser repetition rate in laser molecular beam epitaxy growth process on the evolution of GaN nanorods and their structural, electronic and optical properties has been investigated. The GaN nanostructures were grown on bare- and pre-nitridated Ti foil substrates at 700 °C for different laser repetition rates (10–30 Hz). It is found that the low repetition rate (10 Hz) promotes sparse growth of three-dimensional inverted-cone like GaN nanostructures on pre-nitridated Ti surface whereas the entire Ti foil substrate is nearly covered with film-like GaN consisting of large-sized grains for 30 Hz growth. In case of the GaN growth at 20 Hz, uniformly-aligned, dense (∼8 × 109 cm−2) GaN nanorods are successfully grown on pre-nitridated Ti foil whereas sparse vertical GaN nanorods have been obtained on bare Ti foil under similar growth conditions for both 20 and 30 Hz. X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) has been utilized to elucidate the electronic structure of GaN nanorods grown under various experimental conditions on Ti foil. It confirms Ga–N bonding in the grown structures, and the calculated chemical composition turns out to be Ga rich for the GaN nanorods grown on pre-nitridated Ti foil. For bare Ti substrates, a preferred reaction between Ti and N is noticed as compared to Ga and N leading to sparse growth of GaN nanorods. Hence, the nitridation of Ti foil is a prerequisite to achieve the growth of dense and aligned GaN nanorod arrays. The X-ray diffraction, high resolution transmission electron microscopy and Raman studies revealed the c-axis growth of wurtzite GaN nanorods on Ti metal foil with good crystallinity and structural quality. The photoluminescence spectroscopy showed that the dense GaN nanorod possesses a near band edge emission at 3.42 eV with a full width at half maximum of 98 meV at room temperature. The density-controlled growth of GaN nanorods on a flexible substrate with high structural and optical quality holds promise for potential applications in futuristic flexible GaN based optoelectronics and sensor devices. The effect of flexible Ti metal foil surface modification and laser repetition rate in laser molecular beam epitaxy growth process on the evolution of GaN nanorods and their structural, electronic and optical properties has been investigated.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ch Ramesh
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory Dr K. S. Krishnan Road New Delhi India 110012 .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad India 201002
| | - P Tyagi
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory Dr K. S. Krishnan Road New Delhi India 110012 .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad India 201002
| | - J Kaswan
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory Dr K. S. Krishnan Road New Delhi India 110012 .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad India 201002
| | - B S Yadav
- Solid State Physics Laboratory Lucknow Road, Timarpur Delhi India 110054
| | - A K Shukla
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory Dr K. S. Krishnan Road New Delhi India 110012 .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad India 201002
| | - M Senthil Kumar
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory Dr K. S. Krishnan Road New Delhi India 110012 .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad India 201002
| | - S S Kushvaha
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory Dr K. S. Krishnan Road New Delhi India 110012 .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad India 201002
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Kachanathu S, Tyagi P, Anand P, Hameed U, Algarni A. Effect of Core Stabilization Training on Dynamic Balance in Professional Soccer Players. Phys Rehab Kur Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1382060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Kachanathu
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - P. Tyagi
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Manav Rachna International University, Fardabad, India
| | - P. Anand
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Manav Rachna International University, Fardabad, India
| | - U. Hameed
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - A. Algarni
- Department of Orthopedics, King Saud University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Yeo QM, Wee HL, Tyagi P, How P. A Comparison of Patient-Reported and Laboratory Outcomes Between Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis Patients in a Multi-Ethnic Asian Population. Value Health 2014; 17:A812-A813. [PMID: 27203075 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2014.08.562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Q M Yeo
- National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - H L Wee
- National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - P Tyagi
- National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - P How
- National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Yoshikawa S, Kawamorita N, Oguchi T, Funahashi Y, Tyagi P, Chancellor MB, Yoshimura N. Pelvic organ cross-sensitization to enhance bladder and urethral pain behaviors in rats with experimental colitis. Neuroscience 2014; 284:422-429. [PMID: 25445197 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.08.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neural cross-sensitization has been postulated as a mechanism underlying overlaps of chronic pelvic pain disorders such as bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis (BPS/IC) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Animals with experimental colitis have been used to study the underlying mechanisms for overlapped pelvic pain symptoms, and shown to exhibit bladder overactivity evidenced by frequent voiding; however, it has not directly been evaluated whether pain sensation derived from the lower urinary tract is enhanced in colitis models. Also, the cross-sensitization between the colon and urethra has not been studied previously. In the present study, we therefore investigated pain behaviors induced by nociceptive stimuli in the lower urinary tract and the involvement of C-fiber afferent pathways using rats with colitis induced by intracolonic application of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS). In TNBS-induced colitis rats at 10 days, intravesical application of resiniferatoxin (RTx) induced a significantly greater number of episodes of both licking and freezing behaviors, which were reduced by capsaicin-sensitive C-fiber afferent desensitization. Histochemical studies using fluorescent dye tracers injected into the colon, bladder or urethra showed that dichotomized afferent neurons comprised 6.9-14.5% of L1, L6 and S1 dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons innervating the colon or the lower urinary tract. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) mRNA expression was significantly increased in, the bladder, urethra and S1 DRG in colitis rats. An increase in myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity was found in the colon, but not in the bladder or urethra after intracolonic TNBS treatment. These results indicate that TNBS-induced colitis increased pain sensitivity in the bladder and urethra via activation of C-fiber afferent pathways due to colon-to-bladder and colon-to-urethral cross-sensitization, suggesting the contribution of pelvic organ cross-sensitization mechanisms to overlapped pain symptoms in BPS/IC and IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yoshikawa
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - N Kawamorita
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - T Oguchi
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Y Funahashi
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - P Tyagi
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - M B Chancellor
- Department of Urology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | - N Yoshimura
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Tyagi P, Tyagi R. Synthesis of Bisphosphodiester Surfactants Derived from Tetradecanol and Different Methylene Chains as a Spacer Derived from α-ω-Alkyl Dibromides. TENSIDE SURFACT DET 2013. [DOI: 10.3139/113.110133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Bisphosphodiester surfactant is a name assigned to a family of synthetic amphiphiles possessing a hydrocarbon chain attached to another hydrocarbon chain via different methylene chains as a spacer derived from α-ω-alkyl dibromide (1,4-DBB, 1,6-DBH and 1,8-DBO). In the present study, a series of bisphosphodiester surfactants having C14 hydrophobic tail and different methylene chains as a spacer derived from α-ω-alkyl dibromide have been synthesized at 35°C. The effect of reaction variables like temperature, duration and molar ratios of mono tetradecyl phosphate, tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide and spacer on the yield of bisphosphodiester surfactants has also been reported. Modern instrumental techniques viz. FT-IR, 1HNMR, and 13CNMR were utilized to characterize the functional groups presence in synthesized bisphosphodiester surfactants. Elemental analysis of synthesized bisphosphodiester surfactants was also carried out. Surface active properties viz. surface tension, interfacial tension, critical micelle concentration and aqueous properties viz. foaming stability, wetting ability, emulsifying ability and dispersing power of synthesized gemini surfactants were also determined. Among all synthesized bisphosphodiester surfactants IIIb had maximum anionic content of 78.9%; and showed highest foaming ability (70 ml), superior dispersing ability (45.7%), whereas IIIc showed low CMC values (0.00026 mmol/l); minimum surface tension and interfacial tension (37.3 mN/m and 31.6 mN/m) respectively.
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Abstract
Abstract
Gemini surfactants are most exciting new types of surfactants. They have two hydrophilic head groups and two hydrophobic groups in a molecule separated by a spacer group. Nowadays different types of geminis have been synthesized. Geminis show some characteristic features like low cmc, high surface activity, high solubility in water, good foaming and wetting properties, as well as low Krafft temperature. Geminis imply low eye and skin irritation. These surfactants are widely used as antifoaming and antimicrobial agents. This review paper deals with synthesis, properties and applications of various gemini surfactants.
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Abstract
Abstract
Amphipatic compounds with connecting group between two lipophilic groups were prepared by phosphorylating a long chain alcohol (hexadecanol) with pyrophosphoric acid to prepare hexadecyl phosphate. Then the resulting hexadecyl phosphate was used to prepare bisphosphate surfactants with terminal dibromo alkanes viz. 1,4-dibromo butane or 1,6-dibromo hexane or 1,8-dibromo octane using acetonitrile as solvent. The structure of synthesized products were verified by modern analytical techniques viz. FT-IR, and 1H-NMR. The disodium salts of bisphosphate surfactants were obtained by neutralization of free acid with sodium hydroxide. The performance properties viz. foaming, wetting, emulsifying ability and anionic content of synthesized surfactants were also evaluated. The synthesized bisphosphate surfactant with 1,6-dibromo hexane possessed maximum anionic content and showed good water solubility, foaming, wetting, and emulsifying ability compared to conventional analogs.
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Tyagi P, Saari JI, Crozatier V, Forget N, Kambhampati P. Two-dimensional spectroscopy using dual acousto-optic pulse shapers for complete polarization, phase and amplitude control. EPJ Web of Conferences 2013. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20134111004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Tyagi P, Arora A. Approach to Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc 2011. [DOI: 10.31729/jnma.252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection constitutes one of the major global public health problems. Not only India and Nepal, East Asia is ghting with the same. About 30 percent of the world’s population has serological evidence of current or past infection with HBV. By virtue of its different stage of presentation in different age groups of patients and the rapid mutation in the virus, the treatment of HBV requires thorough work-up and regular monitoring. Many new concepts have evolved in last decade in managing these patients, such as HBV Genotype, HBV DNA quanti cation and mutation analysis. The introduction of oral antivirals in the treatment of HBV infection has revolutionized the treatment.
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Tyagi P, Arora A. Approach to chronic hepatitis B virus infection. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc 2011; 51:94-101. [PMID: 22916521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection constitutes one of the major global public health problems. Not only India and Nepal, East Asia is fighting with the same. About 30 percent of the world's population has serological evidence of current or past infection with HBV. By virtue of its different stage of presentation in different age groups of patients and the rapid mutation in the virus, the treatment of HBV requires thorough work-up and regular monitoring. Many new concepts have evolved in last decade in managing these patients, such as HBV Genotype, HBV DNA quantification and mutation analysis. The introduction of oral antivirals in the treatment of HBV infection has revolutionized the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Tyagi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
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Puri AS, Tyagi P, Emami MH, Karimi S, Nemati A. Do endoscopic markers still play a role in diagnosis of celiac disease? Indian J Gastroenterol 2010; 28:76-7; author reply 77-8. [PMID: 19696997 DOI: 10.1007/s12664-009-0026-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Tyagi P, Postetter D, Saragnese DL, Randall CL, Mirski MA, Gracias DH. Patternable nanowire sensors for electrochemical recording of dopamine. Anal Chem 2010; 81:9979-84. [PMID: 19904993 DOI: 10.1021/ac901744s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Spatially resolved electrochemical recording of neurochemicals is difficult due to the challenges associated with producing nanometer-scale patternable and integrated sensors. We describe the lithographic fabrication and characterization of patternable gold (Au) nanowire (NW) based sensors for the electrochemical recording of dopamine (DA). We demonstrate a straightforward NW-size-independent approach to align contact pads to NWs. Sensors, with NW widths as small as 30 nm, exhibited considerable insensitivity to scan rates during cyclic voltammetry, a nonlinear increase in oxidation current with increasing NW width, and the selectivity to measure submaximal synaptic concentrations of DA in the presence of interfering ascorbic acid. The electrochemical sensitivity of Au NW electrode sensors was much larger than that of Au thin-film electrodes. In chronoamperometric measurements, the NW sensors were found to be sensitive for submicromolar concentration of DA. Hence, the patternable NW sensors represent an attractive platform for electrochemical sensing and recording.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Tyagi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Tyagi P, Tyagi V, Yoshimura N, Chancellor M, Yamaguchi O. Beta3-adrenoceptor agonists for the treatment of overactive bladder. DRUG FUTURE 2009. [DOI: 10.1358/dof.2009.34.8.1401947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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Sohal JS, Singh SV, Tyagi P, Subhodh S, Singh PK, Singh AV, Narayanasamy K, Sheoran N, Singh Sandhu K. Immunology of mycobacterial infections: with special reference to Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. Immunobiology 2008; 213:585-98. [PMID: 18656706 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2007.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2007] [Revised: 10/03/2007] [Accepted: 11/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The interplay between mycobacteria and host determines the outcome of infection. After uptake of mycobacteria by macrophages, several possible scenarios may emerge; mycobacteria may be destroyed immediately or there is establishment of persistent infection. This review is focused around mycobacteria-host interactions with reference to Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) infection and highlights protective mechanisms involved in order to design vaccines and other control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagdeep Singh Sohal
- Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom, P.O. Farah, District Mathura 281122, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Tyagi P, Chancellor M, Yoshimura N, Kaufmann J. MP-10.02: Activity of different phospholipids in hyperactivity in bladder irritation. Urology 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2007.06.361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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de Miguel F, Chancellor M, Yoshimura N, Tyagi P. MP-01.03: Proteomic characterization of interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome. Urology 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2007.06.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Puri A, Agarwal AK, Garg S, Tyagi P, Sakhuja P. Diaphragm disease of the ileum: a case report. Trop Gastroenterol 2006; 27:46-7. [PMID: 16910062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs induced diaphragm like lesions are a rare cause of small intestinal obstruction. They occur most commonly in elderly patients who have been consuming these drugs for prolonged periods for pain relief. We report the first case of ileal diaphragm disease from Asia. She responded well to localised resection of the diseased ileum. Intra-operative enteroscopy may be helpful in deciding the extent of intestinal resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- As Puri
- Department of Gastroenterology, GB Pant Hospital, New Delhi.
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Tyagi P, Roy A, Sreehari U, Ansari MA. Serological profile following malaria outbreak in Mewat region of Haryana, India. Indian J Malariol 2001; 38:105-7. [PMID: 12125516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P Tyagi
- Malaria Research Centre, 22-Sham Nath Marg, Delhi-110 054, India
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Roy A, Tyagi P, Sharma SK. Serological appraisal of malaria status in tribal area of Orissa, India. Indian J Malariol 2001; 38:84-90. [PMID: 12125520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
A cross-sectional seroepidemiological study conducted in 173 tribal residents (including all age groups) from three villages of Sundergarh district of Orissa using ELISA as a tool revealed high levels of antibody titres against both AR1 and Pf antigens. The mean +/- S.D. ELISA O.D. obtained for AR1 were 0.73 +/- 0.2, 1.037 +/- 0.196, 1.05 +/- 0.42 and for Pf, 0.70 +/- 0.2, 1.0 +/- 0.28, 0.94 +/- 0.4 respectively for Badramoli, Jharbeda and Boneikela population. Parasitological results showed high incidence of malaria in < 5 years age group in Badramoli and Boneikela villages when compared to other age groups. An. fluviatilis was found to be the principle malaria vector as found in the HBI results. High ELISA O.D. and high equivalent transmission index (ETI) indicate a high malaria transmission in the area. Seroepidemiological studies could be used for effective surveillance and stratification of endemicity in a given area which can help in executing intervention strategy for malaria control.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Roy
- Malaria Research Centre (ICMR), Immunology Division, 22-Sham Nath Marg, Delhi-110054, India
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Sengupta S, Tyagi P, Chandra S, Kochupillai V, Gupta SK. Encapsulation in cationic liposomes enhances antitumour efficacy and reduces the toxicity of etoposide, a topo-isomerase II inhibitor. Pharmacology 2001; 62:163-71. [PMID: 11287818 DOI: 10.1159/000056090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Etoposide exerts its antineoplastic effect by forming a ternary complex with topo-isomerase II and DNA, leading to DNA breaks and cell death. However, it causes myelosuppression and its lipophilicity poses a major limitation during administration. Liposomes have been reported to increase the efficacy and reduce the toxicity of antineoplastic agents. Recent evidence suggests that cationic liposomes bind efficiently to tumours. The present study was thus designed to encapsulate etoposide in cationic liposomes and to evaluate its antitumour efficacy and systemic toxicity in comparison with a conventional parenteral formulation. Etoposide encapsulated in liposomes was synthesised by thin film hydration followed by an extrusion method. Fibrosarcoma was induced in mice by subcutaneous administration of 20-methylcholanthrene. Chemotherapy was started when the tumour reached 200 mm(3) in volume. Liposomal etoposide (10 mg/m(2)/day for 5 days) significantly delayed tumour growth as compared to non-liposomal etoposide. The median time of death was calculated to be 19.5, 26.25 and 56 days in vehicle-treated controls, non-liposomal-etoposide- and liposomal-etoposide-treated groups, respectively. A transient reduction in body weight was seen in both the liposomal- and non-liposomal-etoposide-treated groups. The maximum tolerated dose was however significantly higher in the group treated with liposomal etoposide, which also exhibited a lesser degree of myelosuppression than the animals treated with non-liposomal etoposide. The present findings suggest that cationic liposomes could be considered as potential for delivery of etoposide to tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sengupta
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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Sengupta S, Tyagi P, Velpandian T, Gupta YK, Gupta SK. Etoposide encapsulated in positively charged liposomes: pharmacokinetic studies in mice and formulation stability studies. Pharmacol Res 2000; 42:459-64. [PMID: 11023708 DOI: 10.1006/phrs.2000.0714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Etoposide is an antineoplastic agent which acts by forming a ternary complex with topoisomerase II and DNA, causing DNA breaks and cell death. In recent studies we have demonstrated that encapsulation in liposomes increases the antitumour efficacy and reduces the adverse effects associated with etoposide. The present study was thus conducted to evaluate whether encapsulation in cationic liposomes altered the pharmacokinetics of etoposide and to study the effect of cholesterol incorporation on the stability of the liposomes. Etoposide-encapsulated unilammellar liposomes were synthesized by thin film hydration followed by extrusion. The drug was administered to Swiss albino mice at a dose of 10 mg kg(-1). The concentration of the drug in plasma was analysed at different time points till 360 min after injection, using a h.p.l.c. method. The terbium chloride-dipicolinic acid interaction method was applied to study the stability of the formulation in mouse serum and also following storage at 0( composite function)C over a period of time. The effect of the free and liposomal drug on myelosuppression was evaluated at 10 mg m(-2)and 40 mg m(-2)dose levels by quantifying blood cell counts on day 15 and day 21 following a 5 day course of therapy. Encapsulation in cationic liposomes increased the area under the concentration vs time curve to 42.98 microghml(-1)from 24.18 microghml(-1)in the case of the free drug. Half-life (beta) was 58. 62 and 186 min in the case of free and liposomal etoposide, respectively. In the stability studies, incorporation of cholesterol progressively stabilized the formulation in serum. The use of sucrose at increasing concentrations as a cryoprotectant also increased the shelf stability of the formulation at 0( composite function)C. Toxicity studies using a dose of pure drug revealed that though myelosuppression was evident in both liposomal- and free drug-treated groups on day 15 it was reversed by day 21 following initiation of therapy. The present findings suggest that liposomes could serve as an alternative mode of delivery for etoposide.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sengupta
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India.
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Roy A, Tyagi P, Biswas S. Serological investigation of malaria outbreak in Thar desert of Rajasthan. J Commun Dis 2000; 32:123-8. [PMID: 11198397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
A serological investigation by a repeat cross-sectional survey was conducted in Thar desert (Rajasthan) during and after one year of malaria outbreak to determine malaria endemicity using ELISA as a tool. The assay was based on indirect ELISA to measure antibody levels against a nonapeptide R1 (EENVEHDA-cys) derived from Pf 155/Resa and Plasmodium falciparum crude antigen. Finger prick blood samples were collected from individuals belonging to all age groups. Sera were tested at already standardized optimum dilution to detect antigen specific immunoglobulin isotype. The mean ELISA O.D. values 0.153 for anti R1 peptide and 0.162 for anti Pf antigen reflected the seronegative profile, when the focal malaria outbreak occurred in 1994. A substantial increase in antibody levels was detected in individuals after one year showing mean ELISA values for anti-R1 and anti-Pf antigens as 0.52 and 0.58 and seropositivity as 75.2% and 52% respectively. Data obtained from the present study indicate that serological survey could be done to assess the situation in case of reappearing or disappearing status of malaria in a defined population.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Roy
- Malaria Research Centre (ICMR), 22-Sham Nath Marg, Delhi-110 054
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Tyagi P. Mycoplasmal antibodies as determined with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, in tubal factor infertility. Indian J Med Sci 1999; 53:481-5. [PMID: 10862270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
A total of 81 infertile women, who had been referred for diagnostic loparoscopy, were tested for the presence of antibodies to Mycoplasma hominis and T-mycoplasma. Out of 81, 30 had tubal adhesions and 51 had unilateral/bilateral tubal blockage. Antibodies to M. hominis were found in 21/30 (70%) and 14/51 (27.45%) women, antibodies to T-mycoplasma in 12/20 (40% and 39/51 (76.47%) women with tubal disorder. In a control group of 40 pregnant women, antibodies to the same two organisms occurred in 10% and 32.5%. Antibodies to M. hominis and T-mycoplasma were significantly (P < 0.001) more common in women with tubal disorder. Our results confirm the important role of M. hominis and T-mycoplasma in the aetiology of tubal infertility.
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Tyagi P, Sengupta S, Velpandian T, Gupta Y, Kochupillai V, Gupta S. Evaluation of the Antitumour Activity of Liposomal Formulations of Etoposide Against Choriocarcinoma Xenografts in Balb/c nu/nu Mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1211/146080899128734190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Tyagi P, Biswas S. Naturally occurring plasmodia-specific circulating immune complexes in individuals of malaria endemic areas in India. Indian J Malariol 1999; 36:12-8. [PMID: 11304915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Blood samples collected from individuals belonging to malaria endemic areas were assayed for antigen-specific circulating immune complexes in polyethylene glycol precipitates of serum by enzyme immunoassay. Sera were tested from patients with acute P. vivax and P. falciparum infections, from clinically immune individuals and also from healthy normals. Circulating immune complexes (CICs) containing immunoglobulin G and M isotypes were found to be abundant in individuals with ongoing and past infections and also in clinically immune donors. In patients with acute infection but without any past history of malaria, CICs of IgM type were found to be significantly higher. Demonstration of antigen/antibody specific CICs could be a useful indicator of active, ongoing and recent/past infection, also of the status of immune responses of individuals belonging to various endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Tyagi
- Malaria Research Centre, 22 Sham Nath Marg, Delhi-110 054, India
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Abstract
Nimesulide, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, exerts potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects when administered orally, rectally or topically. The present study was designed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of a new parenteral formulation of nimesulide and to correlate it with the pharmacokinetic profile. Nimesulide was administered intramuscularly at increasing doses of 1. 5, 3, 6, 12.5 and 25 mg kg-1 which produced dose-dependent anti-inflammatory effects in the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema. The anti-inflammatory activity of nimesulide was greater than that of diclofenac which was administered at identical doses though the difference was not statistically significant. Peak anti-inflammatory effects with nimesulide were observed between 2 and 3 h post-treatment which correlates well with the tmax of 115 min. The plasma concentration of nimesulide at different time points was assayed using HPLC after administration at a dose of 25 mg kg-1. Peak plasma concentration (Cmax) was 23 microgram ml-1 while t1/2 was derived as 4.2 h. Area Under Curve (AUC(0-6 h)) was calculated as 83. 31 microgram ml-1 h-1. No toxicity or adverse effects were noted at the doses administered. The present study demonstrates that nimesulide administered intramuscularly may be superior to other routes of administration when fast onset of action is required with high plasma concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
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Tyagi P, Singh VS. Chlamydial and gonococcal serology in women with tubal infertility. Indian J Med Sci 1998; 52:231-5. [PMID: 9849032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Sera from 81 infertile women with tubal pathology and 40 controls were tested for the presence of antibodies against Chlamydia trachomatis & Neisserria gonorrhoeae. Indirect immunoperoxidase test (Ipazyme kit) & Enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA kit) were used for detection of chlamydial & gonococcal antibodies respectively. Antibodies to Ch. trachomatis were found in 74.07% of the infertile women and 5% in control group. Only a very low prevalence (4.93%) of antibodies to N. gonorrhoeae was found is infertile women as compared to nil in control group. Antibodies detection is a sensitive, specific and noninvasive test for diagnosing infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Tyagi
- LLRM Medical College, Meerut
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Tyagi P, Patil SA, Girdhar BK, Katoch K, Sengupta U. Suppressive effect of circulating immune complexes from leprosy patients on the lymphocyte proliferation induced by M. leprae antigens in healthy responders. Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis 1992; 60:562-9. [PMID: 1299711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The effect of circulating immune complexes, isolated in the form of polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitates from leprosy patients, on lymphocyte proliferation was studied. The results obtained showed that PEG precipitates obtained from the borderline lepromatous/lepromatous (BL/LL) types of leprosy patients and those undergoing erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) had significant suppressive effects on the lymphocyte proliferation induced by Mycobacterium leprae antigens in healthy responders. The percent decreases in the mean values of delta cpm in the presence of PEG precipitates from the BL/LL and ENL groups were found to be 46.8 +/- 22.4 and 65.0 +/- 24.3, respectively. However, no significant suppressive effects (except for ENL PEG precipitates) of these PEG precipitates were observed on the lymphocyte proliferation induced by tuberculin (PPD). Further, PEG precipitates alone (in the absence of M. leprae antigen) from the BL/LL and ENL groups were found to have no effect on the lymphocyte proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Tyagi
- Central JALMA Institute for Leprosy, Taj Ganj, Agra, India
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Tyagi P, Girdhar BK, Katoch K, Sengupta V. Effect of circulating immune complexes of leprosy patients on leukocyte migration inhibition induced by Mycobacterium leprae antigens in healthy volunteers. Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis 1991; 59:487-92. [PMID: 1890375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Patil SA, Tyagi P, Katoch K, Sreevatsa, Sengupta U. Antigens of Mycobacterium leprae in the cerebrospinal fluid of leprosy patients: detection by monoclonal-antibody-based sandwich immunoradiometric assay and avidin/biotin immunoblotting. Clin Exp Immunol 1991; 84:515-21. [PMID: 2044232 PMCID: PMC1535415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium leprae antigens could be detected in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with leprosy, using a monoclonal-antibody-based sandwich immunoradiometric assay (SIRMA). Antigens of 12 kD, 35 kD and 30-40 kD were detected using ML06, ML04, and ML34 monoclonal antibodies, respectively. The 30-40-kD polysaccharide antigen, although present in larger amounts in M. leprae than the 12-kD and 35-kD protein antigens, was found in the CSF of comparatively fewer subjects. The antigen capture assay has been found sensitive to the level of nanograms. Avidin-biotin-based immunoblotting using pooled leprosy sera detected a larger number of antigens than using anti-M. leprae antisera raised in rabbits. The immunoblotting of CSF samples revealed about three antigens in the region of 100-160 kD and three more in the region of 45-60 kD as probed by leprosy sera. This study has for the first time revealed the presence of M. leprae antigens in the CSF of leprosy patients and the probable involvement of the central nervous system in leprosy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Patil
- Department of Immunology, Central JALMA Institute for Leprosy, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Ramanathan VD, Tyagi P, Ramanathan U, Katoch K, Sengupta U, Ramu G. Persistent reduced solubilization of immune complexes in lepromatous leprosy patients with reactions. Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis 1991; 59:5-11. [PMID: 2030316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
It is held that immune complexes (IC) play a vital role in the pathogenesis of some of the reactions in leprosy. The complement system is known to solubilize and render IC innocuous. We have previously shown that patients undergoing lepra reactions had lowered complement-mediated IC solubilization (CMS). We, therefore, undertook a prospective study of untreated multibacillary leprosy patients and monitored their CMS levels sequentially while on therapy. In addition, the concentrations of the complement component C3d, immunoglobulins G, A and M, and circulating immune complexes (CIC) were also estimated. A total of 26 patients were included in the study and were investigated at 3-month intervals for 3 years. Thirteen of the 14 patients who did not develop reactions at all had normal CMS values, although all of them showed elevated CIC. From the inception of treatment, 10 of the 12 patients who developed lepra reactions had low CMS values which remained below normal levels even after evidence of complement activation disappeared and long after the subsidence of reaction. It is suggested that this defective CMS acts as a predisposing cause of lepra reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- V D Ramanathan
- Central JALMA Institute for Leprosy, Taj Ganj, Agra, India
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Abstract
The activation of the complement system by phenolic glycolipid 1 (PGL) from Mycobacterium leprae was studied. It was found that PGL consumed haemolytic complement through both the classical and the alternative pathways. This was further studied at the level of C3. Although the activation was independent of anti-PGL antibodies present in normal human serum, the addition of antibody augmented the activation of complement by PGL. The uptake of C3 through the classical pathway was enhanced predominantly by IgM antibody whereas, IgG antibody against PGL was responsible for the augmentation of the alternative pathway activation. Furthermore, it was found that both the disaccharide and trisaccharide components of PGL were able to activate the complement system.
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Affiliation(s)
- V D Ramanathan
- Department of Pathology, Tuberculosis Research Centre, Chetput, Madras, India
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Tyagi P, Ramanathan VD, Girdhar BK, Katoch K, Bhatia AS, Sengupta U. Activation of complement by circulating immune complexes isolated from leprosy patients. Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis 1990; 58:31-8. [PMID: 2319186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Circulating immune complexes isolated from different types of leprosy sera as polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitates were found to be efficient activators of the alternative pathway of complement. PEG precipitates from BL/LL leprosy patients and those with erythema nodosum leprosum were found to activate both the classical pathway and the alternative pathway of complement efficiently, while PEG precipitates from TT/BT leprosy patients and borderline tuberculoid patients in reaction were found to active the alternative pathway of complement but not the classical pathway. No significant differences were observed between the PEG precipitates from reactional and nonreactional TT/BT and BL/LL patients in their complement activating ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Tyagi
- Central JALMA Institute for Leprosy, Taj Ganj, Agra, India
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Verma KK, Tyagi P, Gulati AK. Determination of mixtures of sulphonamides by titration with chloramine-T. J Pharm Biomed Anal 1987; 5:51-8. [PMID: 16867546 DOI: 10.1016/0731-7085(87)80007-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/1985] [Revised: 07/16/1985] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K K Verma
- Department of Chemistry, R.D. University of Jabalpur, Jabalpur 482001, India
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Singh VS, Gupta P, Tyagi P, Gupta R, Garg BK. Serum cholesterol and cholesterol binding reserve in children of patients of myocardial infarction. J Postgrad Med 1986; 32:59-69. [PMID: 3761210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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