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Hallett PJ, Deleidi M, Astradsson A, Smith GA, Cooper O, Osborn TM, Sundberg M, Moore MA, Perez-Torres E, Brownell AL, Schumacher JM, Spealman RD, Isacson O. Successful function of autologous iPSC-derived dopamine neurons following transplantation in a non-human primate model of Parkinson's disease. Cell Stem Cell 2015; 16:269-74. [PMID: 25732245 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2015.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Autologous transplantation of patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons is a potential clinical approach for treatment of neurological disease. Preclinical demonstration of long-term efficacy, feasibility, and safety of iPSC-derived dopamine neurons in non-human primate models will be an important step in clinical development of cell therapy. Here, we analyzed cynomolgus monkey (CM) iPSC-derived midbrain dopamine neurons for up to 2 years following autologous transplantation in a Parkinson's disease (PD) model. In one animal, with the most successful protocol, we found that unilateral engraftment of CM-iPSCs could provide a gradual onset of functional motor improvement contralateral to the side of dopamine neuron transplantation, and increased motor activity, without a need for immunosuppression. Postmortem analyses demonstrated robust survival of midbrain-like dopaminergic neurons and extensive outgrowth into the transplanted putamen. Our proof of concept findings support further development of autologous iPSC-derived cell transplantation for treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penelope J Hallett
- Neuroregeneration Research Institute, McLean Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Michela Deleidi
- Neuroregeneration Research Institute, McLean Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Arnar Astradsson
- Neuroregeneration Research Institute, McLean Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Gaynor A Smith
- Neuroregeneration Research Institute, McLean Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Oliver Cooper
- Neuroregeneration Research Institute, McLean Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Teresia M Osborn
- Neuroregeneration Research Institute, McLean Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Maria Sundberg
- Neuroregeneration Research Institute, McLean Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Michele A Moore
- Neuroregeneration Research Institute, McLean Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA; New England Primate Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Southborough, MA 01772, USA
| | - Eduardo Perez-Torres
- Neuroregeneration Research Institute, McLean Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Anna-Liisa Brownell
- Neuroregeneration Research Institute, McLean Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA; MGH/HST Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - James M Schumacher
- Neuroregeneration Research Institute, McLean Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Roger D Spealman
- Neuroregeneration Research Institute, McLean Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA; New England Primate Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Southborough, MA 01772, USA
| | - Ole Isacson
- Neuroregeneration Research Institute, McLean Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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152
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Samata B, Kikuchi T, Miyawaki Y, Morizane A, Mashimo T, Nakagawa M, Okita K, Takahashi J. X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (X-SCID) rats for xeno-transplantation and behavioral evaluation. J Neurosci Methods 2015; 243:68-77. [PMID: 25662444 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2015.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the in vivo function of human dopaminergic (DA) neurons, Parkinson's disease (PD) model rats made by the hemi-lateral injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) are widely used as host animals. In the case of such xeno-transplantation, however, immunosuppression is needed for good survival of the grafted cells. NEW METHODS In order to determine whether human mature neurons can survive in X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (X-SCID) rats without immunosuppression, we grafted human embryonic stem cell (ESC)-derived DA neurons into the striatum of X-SCID rats. We next treated the X-SCID rats with 6-OHDA and grafted mouse fetal DA neurons or human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived DA neurons to examine whether these rats can be used as PD model rats. RESULTS X-SCID rats did not elicit immune responses against human ESC-derived DA neurons and consequently resulted in good survival of the cells without immunosuppression. Furthermore, 6-OHDA-lesioned X-SCID rats exhibited rotational behavior, which was recovered by grafting mouse fetal DA neurons or human iPSC-derived DA neurons. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS Immunosuppression by drugs such as Cyclosporine A requires daily injection, which is stressful for rats and moreover may cause renal or hepatic failure. Furthermore, blood levels of the drug may not be stable, which weakens the reliability of the data. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide a more accessible and reliable method to evaluate the in vivo function of human DA neurons, potentially offering a pre-clinical study for the application of pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bumpei Samata
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiro Kikuchi
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Miyawaki
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Asuka Morizane
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoji Mashimo
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masato Nakagawa
- Department of Reprogramming Science, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keisuke Okita
- Department of Reprogramming Science, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jun Takahashi
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Biological Repair, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
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153
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Sato K, Nakajima T, Choyke PL, Kobayashi H. Selective cell elimination in vitro and in vivo from tissues and tumors using antibodies conjugated with a near infrared phthalocyanine. RSC Adv 2015; 5:25105-25114. [PMID: 25866624 DOI: 10.1039/c4ra13835j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell cultures and tissues often contain cellular subpopulations that potentially interfere with or contaminate other cells of interest. However, it is difficult to eliminate unwanted cells without damaging the very cell population one is seeking to protect, especially established tissue. Here, we report a method of eliminating a specific subpopulation of cells from a mixed 2D or 3D cell culture in vitro and a mixed-population in vivo tumor model by using antibody-photosensitizer conjugates (APC) with a near infrared (NIR) phthalocyanine-derivative (IRdye700DX, IR700) combined with NIR light exposure with minimal damage to non-targeted cells. Thus, APC combined with NIR light exposure holds promise as a method of removing specific cells from mixed cell cultures and tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhide Sato
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute
| | - Takahito Nakajima
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute
| | - Peter L Choyke
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute
| | - Hisataka Kobayashi
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute
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154
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Application of human induced pluripotent stem cells for modeling and treating neurodegenerative diseases. N Biotechnol 2015; 32:212-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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155
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Brändl B, Schneider SA, Loring JF, Hardy J, Gribbon P, Müller FJ. Stem cell reprogramming: basic implications and future perspective for movement disorders. Mov Disord 2014; 30:301-12. [PMID: 25546831 DOI: 10.1002/mds.26113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The introduction of stem cell-associated molecular factors into human patient-derived cells allows for their reprogramming in the laboratory environment. As a result, human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) can now be reprogrammed epigenetically without disruption of their overall genomic integrity. For patients with neurodegenerative diseases characterized by progressive loss of functional neurons, the ability to reprogram any individual's cells and drive their differentiation toward susceptible neuronal subtypes holds great promise. Apart from applications in regenerative medicine and cell replacement-based therapy, hiPSCs are increasingly used in preclinical research for establishing disease models and screening for drug toxicities. The rapid developments in this field prompted us to review recent progress toward the applications of stem cell technologies for movement disorders. We introduce reprogramming strategies and explain the critical steps in the differentiation of hiPSCs to clinical relevant subtypes of cells in the context of movement disorders. We summarize and discuss recent discoveries in this field, which, based on the rapidly expanding basic science literature as well as upcoming trends in personalized medicine, will strongly influence the future therapeutic options available to practitioners working with patients suffering from such disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Brändl
- Center for Psychiatry, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Campus Kiel, Germany
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156
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Müller J, Ossig C, Greiner JFW, Hauser S, Fauser M, Widera D, Kaltschmidt C, Storch A, Kaltschmidt B. Intrastriatal transplantation of adult human neural crest-derived stem cells improves functional outcome in parkinsonian rats. Stem Cells Transl Med 2014; 4:31-43. [PMID: 25479965 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2014-0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is considered the second most frequent and one of the most severe neurodegenerative diseases, with dysfunctions of the motor system and with nonmotor symptoms such as depression and dementia. Compensation for the progressive loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons during PD using current pharmacological treatment strategies is limited and remains challenging. Pluripotent stem cell-based regenerative medicine may offer a promising therapeutic alternative, although the medical application of human embryonic tissue and pluripotent stem cells is still a matter of ethical and practical debate. Addressing these challenges, the present study investigated the potential of adult human neural crest-derived stem cells derived from the inferior turbinate (ITSCs) transplanted into a parkinsonian rat model. Emphasizing their capability to give rise to nervous tissue, ITSCs isolated from the adult human nose efficiently differentiated into functional mature neurons in vitro. Additional successful dopaminergic differentiation of ITSCs was subsequently followed by their transplantation into a unilaterally lesioned 6-hydroxydopamine rat PD model. Transplantation of predifferentiated or undifferentiated ITSCs led to robust restoration of rotational behavior, accompanied by significant recovery of DA neurons within the substantia nigra. ITSCs were further shown to migrate extensively in loose streams primarily toward the posterior direction as far as to the midbrain region, at which point they were able to differentiate into DA neurons within the locus ceruleus. We demonstrate, for the first time, that adult human ITSCs are capable of functionally recovering a PD rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Müller
- Molecular Neurobiology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany; Division of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, and Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Christiana Ossig
- Molecular Neurobiology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany; Division of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, and Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Johannes F W Greiner
- Molecular Neurobiology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany; Division of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, and Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Stefan Hauser
- Molecular Neurobiology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany; Division of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, and Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Mareike Fauser
- Molecular Neurobiology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany; Division of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, and Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Darius Widera
- Molecular Neurobiology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany; Division of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, and Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Christian Kaltschmidt
- Molecular Neurobiology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany; Division of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, and Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Alexander Storch
- Molecular Neurobiology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany; Division of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, and Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Barbara Kaltschmidt
- Molecular Neurobiology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany; Division of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, and Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
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157
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Effenberg A, Stanslowsky N, Klein A, Wesemann M, Haase A, Martin U, Dengler R, Grothe C, Ratzka A, Wegner F. Striatal Transplantation of Human Dopaminergic Neurons Differentiated From Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Derived From Umbilical Cord Blood Using Lentiviral Reprogramming. Cell Transplant 2014; 24:2099-112. [PMID: 25420114 DOI: 10.3727/096368914x685591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are promising sources for regenerative therapies like the replacement of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease. They offer an unlimited cell source that can be standardized and optimized to produce applicable cell populations to gain maximal functional recovery. In the present study, human cord blood-derived iPSCs (hCBiPSCs) were differentiated into dopaminergic neurons utilizing two different in vitro protocols for neural induction: (protocol I) by fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) signaling, (protocol II) by bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)/transforming growth factor (TGF-β) inhibition. After maturation, in vitro increased numbers of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons (7.4% of total cells) were observed by protocol II compared to 3.5% in protocol I. Furthermore, 3 weeks after transplantation in hemiparkinsonian rats in vivo, a reduced number of undifferentiated proliferating cells was achieved with protocol II. In contrast, proliferation still occurred in protocol I-derived grafts, resulting in tumor-like growth in two out of four animals 3 weeks after transplantation. Protocol II, however, did not increase the number of TH(+) cells in the striatal grafts of hemiparkinsonian rats. In conclusion, BMP/TGF-β inhibition was more effective than FGF-2 signaling with regard to dopaminergic induction of hCBiPSCs in vitro and prevented graft overgrowth in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Effenberg
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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158
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Ye ZW, Zhang J, Townsend DM, Tew KD. Oxidative stress, redox regulation and diseases of cellular differentiation. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1850:1607-21. [PMID: 25445706 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Within cells, there is a narrow concentration threshold that governs whether reactive oxygen species (ROS) induce toxicity or act as second messengers. SCOPE OF REVIEW We discuss current understanding of how ROS arise, facilitate cell signaling, cause toxicities and disease related to abnormal cell differentiation and those (primarily) sulfur based pathways that provide nucleophilicity to offset these effects. PRIMARY CONCLUSIONS Cellular redox homeostasis mediates a plethora of cellular pathways that determine life and death events. For example, ROS intersect with GSH based enzyme pathways to influence cell differentiation, a process integral to normal hematopoiesis, but also affecting a number of diverse cell differentiation related human diseases. Recent attempts to manage such pathologies have focused on intervening in some of these pathways, with the consequence that differentiation therapy targeting redox homeostasis has provided a platform for drug discovery and development. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The balance between electrophilic oxidative stress and protective biomolecular nucleophiles predisposes the evolution of modern life forms. Imbalances of the two can produce aberrant redox homeostasis with resultant pathologies. Understanding the pathways involved provides opportunities to consider interventional strategies. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Redox regulation of differentiation and de-differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Wei Ye
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, 70 President St., DD410, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, 70 President St., DD410, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Danyelle M Townsend
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 274 Calhoun Street MSC 141, Charleston, SC 29425-1410, USA
| | - Kenneth D Tew
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, 70 President St., DD410, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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159
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Mu S, Wang J, Zhou G, Peng W, He Z, Zhao Z, Mo C, Qu J, Zhang J. Transplantation of induced pluripotent stem cells improves functional recovery in Huntington's disease rat model. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101185. [PMID: 25054283 PMCID: PMC4108311 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The purpose of this study was to determine the functional recovery of the transplanted induced pluripotent stem cells in a rat model of Huntington's disease with use of 18F-FDG microPET/CT imaging. METHODS In a quinolinic acid-induced rat model of striatal degeneration, induced pluripotent stem cells were transplanted into the ipsilateral lateral ventricle ten days after the quinolinic acid injection. The response to the treatment was evaluated by serial 18F-FDG PET/CT scans and Morris water maze test. Histological analyses and Western blotting were performed six weeks after stem cell transplantation. RESULTS After induced pluripotent stem cells transplantation, higher 18F-FDG accumulation in the injured striatum was observed during the 4 to 6-weeks period compared with the quinolinic acid-injected group, suggesting the metabolic recovery of injured striatum. The induced pluripotent stem cells transplantation improved learning and memory function (and striatal atrophy) of the rat in six week in the comparison with the quinolinic acid-treated controls. In addition, immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that transplanted stem cells survived and migrated into the lesioned area in striatum, and most of the stem cells expressed protein markers of neurons and glial cells. CONCLUSION Our findings show that induced pluripotent stem cells can survive, differentiate to functional neurons and improve partial striatal function and metabolism after implantation in a rat Huntington's disease model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhua Mu
- College of Optoelectronics Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiachuan Wang
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guangqian Zhou
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenda Peng
- College of Optoelectronics Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhendan He
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhenfu Zhao
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - CuiPing Mo
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Junle Qu
- College of Optoelectronics Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- College of Optoelectronics Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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160
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Sagal J, Zhan X, Xu J, Tilghman J, Karuppagounder SS, Chen L, Dawson VL, Dawson TM, Laterra J, Ying M. Proneural transcription factor Atoh1 drives highly efficient differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells into dopaminergic neurons. Stem Cells Transl Med 2014; 3:888-98. [PMID: 24904172 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2013-0213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are a promising cell resource for various applications in regenerative medicine. Highly efficient approaches that differentiate human PSCs into functional lineage-specific neurons are critical for modeling neurological disorders and testing potential therapies. Proneural transcription factors are crucial drivers of neuron development and hold promise for driving highly efficient neuronal conversion in PSCs. Here, we study the functions of proneural transcription factor Atoh1 in the neuronal differentiation of PSCs. We show that Atoh1 is induced during the neuronal conversion of PSCs and that ectopic Atoh1 expression is sufficient to drive PSCs into neurons with high efficiency. Atoh1 induction, in combination with cell extrinsic factors, differentiates PSCs into functional dopaminergic (DA) neurons with >80% purity. Atoh1-induced DA neurons recapitulate key biochemical and electrophysiological features of midbrain DA neurons, the degeneration of which is responsible for clinical symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD). Atoh1-induced DA neurons provide a reliable disease model for studying PD pathogenesis, such as neurotoxin-induced neurodegeneration in PD. Overall, our results determine the role of Atoh1 in regulating neuronal differentiation and neuron subtype specification of human PSCs. Our Atoh1-mediated differentiation approach will enable large-scale applications of PD patient-derived midbrain DA neurons in mechanistic studies and drug screening for both familial and sporadic PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Sagal
- Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Howard University, Washington, D.C., USA; Department of Neurology, Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Department of Neuroscience, Department of Physiology, and Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Xiping Zhan
- Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Howard University, Washington, D.C., USA; Department of Neurology, Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Department of Neuroscience, Department of Physiology, and Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Jinchong Xu
- Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Howard University, Washington, D.C., USA; Department of Neurology, Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Department of Neuroscience, Department of Physiology, and Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Jessica Tilghman
- Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Howard University, Washington, D.C., USA; Department of Neurology, Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Department of Neuroscience, Department of Physiology, and Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Senthilkumar S Karuppagounder
- Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Howard University, Washington, D.C., USA; Department of Neurology, Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Department of Neuroscience, Department of Physiology, and Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Li Chen
- Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Howard University, Washington, D.C., USA; Department of Neurology, Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Department of Neuroscience, Department of Physiology, and Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Valina L Dawson
- Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Howard University, Washington, D.C., USA; Department of Neurology, Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Department of Neuroscience, Department of Physiology, and Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Ted M Dawson
- Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Howard University, Washington, D.C., USA; Department of Neurology, Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Department of Neuroscience, Department of Physiology, and Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - John Laterra
- Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Howard University, Washington, D.C., USA; Department of Neurology, Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Department of Neuroscience, Department of Physiology, and Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Mingyao Ying
- Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Howard University, Washington, D.C., USA; Department of Neurology, Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Department of Neuroscience, Department of Physiology, and Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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161
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Tan X, Zhang L, Zhu H, Qin J, Tian M, Dong C, Li H, Jin G. Brn4 and TH synergistically promote the differentiation of neural stem cells into dopaminergic neurons. Neurosci Lett 2014; 571:23-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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162
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Repression of SIRT1 promotes the differentiation of mouse induced pluripotent stem cells into neural stem cells. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2014; 34:905-12. [PMID: 24832395 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-014-0071-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The use of transplanting functional neural stem cells (NSCs) derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has increased for the treatment of brain diseases. As such, it is important to understand the molecular mechanisms that promote NSCs differentiation of iPSCs for future NSC-based therapies. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), a NAD(+)-dependent protein deacetylase, has attracted significant attention over the past decade due to its prominent role in processes including organ development, longevity, and cancer. However, it remains unclear whether SIRT1 plays a role in the differentiation of mouse iPSCs toward NSCs. In this study, we produced NSCs from mouse iPSCs using serum-free medium supplemented with retinoic acid. We then assessed changes in the expression of SIRT1 and microRNA-34a, which regulates SIRT1 expression. Moreover, we used a SIRT1 inhibitor to investigate the role of SIRT1 in NSCs differentiation of iPSCs. Data revealed that the expression of SIRT1 decreased, whereas miRNAs-34a increased, during this process. In addition, the inhibition of SIRT1 enhanced the generation of NSCs and mature neurocytes. This suggests that SIRT1 negatively regulated the differentiation of mouse iPSCs into NSCs, and that this process may be regulated by miRNA-34a.
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163
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Ambasudhan R, Dolatabadi N, Nutter A, Masliah E, Mckercher SR, Lipton SA. Potential for cell therapy in Parkinson's disease using genetically programmed human embryonic stem cell-derived neural progenitor cells. J Comp Neurol 2014; 522:2845-56. [PMID: 24756727 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Neural transplantation is a promising strategy for restoring dopaminergic dysfunction and modifying disease progression in Parkinson's disease (PD). Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are a potential resource in this regard because of their ability to provide a virtually limitless supply of homogenous dopaminergic progenitors and neurons of appropriate lineage. The recent advances in developing robust cell culture protocols for directed differentiation of hESCs to near pure populations of ventral mesencephalic (A9-type) dopaminergic neurons has heightened the prospects for PD cell therapy. Here, we focus our review on current state-of-the-art techniques for harnessing hESC-based strategies toward development of a stem cell therapeutic for PD. Importantly, we also briefly describe a novel genetic-programming approach that may address many of the key challenges that remain in the field and that may hasten clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Ambasudhan
- Del E. Webb Center for Neuroscience, Aging, and Stem Cell Research, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California, 92037
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164
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Roessler R, Smallwood SA, Veenvliet JV, Pechlivanoglou P, Peng SP, Chakrabarty K, Groot-Koerkamp MJA, Pasterkamp RJ, Wesseling E, Kelsey G, Boddeke E, Smidt MP, Copray S. Detailed analysis of the genetic and epigenetic signatures of iPSC-derived mesodiencephalic dopaminergic neurons. Stem Cell Reports 2014; 2:520-33. [PMID: 24749075 PMCID: PMC3986662 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) hold great promise for in vitro generation of disease-relevant cell types, such as mesodiencephalic dopaminergic (mdDA) neurons involved in Parkinson’s disease. Although iPSC-derived midbrain DA neurons have been generated, detailed genetic and epigenetic characterizations of such neurons are lacking. The goal of this study was to examine the authenticity of iPSC-derived DA neurons obtained by established protocols. We FACS purified mdDA (Pitx3Gfp/+) neurons derived from mouse iPSCs and primary mdDA (Pitx3Gfp/+) neurons to analyze and compare their genetic and epigenetic features. Although iPSC-derived DA neurons largely adopted characteristics of their in vivo counterparts, relevant deviations in global gene expression and DNA methylation were found. Hypermethylated genes, mainly involved in neurodevelopment and basic neuronal functions, consequently showed reduced expression levels. Such abnormalities should be addressed because they might affect unambiguous long-term functionality and hamper the potential of iPSC-derived DA neurons for in vitro disease modeling or cell-based therapy. Purification of iPSC-derived mdDA neurons and primary embryonic mdDA neurons Comparative gene-expression profiling and DNA methylation mapping of mdDA neurons High similarity but also differences between primary and iPSC-derived mdDA neurons Differences mainly in genes involved in neuron differentiation and development
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinhard Roessler
- Department of Neuroscience, Section Medical Physiology, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Jesse V Veenvliet
- Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Science, Science Park Amsterdam, 1098XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Petros Pechlivanoglou
- Unit of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, 9713AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Su-Ping Peng
- Department of Neuroscience, Section Medical Physiology, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Koushik Chakrabarty
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marian J A Groot-Koerkamp
- Molecular Cancer Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - R Jeroen Pasterkamp
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Evelyn Wesseling
- Department of Neuroscience, Section Medical Physiology, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Gavin Kelsey
- Epigenetics Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Erik Boddeke
- Department of Neuroscience, Section Medical Physiology, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marten P Smidt
- Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Science, Science Park Amsterdam, 1098XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sjef Copray
- Department of Neuroscience, Section Medical Physiology, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713AV Groningen, the Netherlands
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165
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Doi D, Samata B, Katsukawa M, Kikuchi T, Morizane A, Ono Y, Sekiguchi K, Nakagawa M, Parmar M, Takahashi J. Isolation of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived dopaminergic progenitors by cell sorting for successful transplantation. Stem Cell Reports 2014; 2:337-50. [PMID: 24672756 PMCID: PMC3964289 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2014.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can provide a promising source of midbrain dopaminergic (DA) neurons for cell replacement therapy for Parkinson’s disease. However, iPSC-derived donor cells inevitably contain tumorigenic or inappropriate cells. Here, we show that human iPSC-derived DA progenitor cells can be efficiently isolated by cell sorting using a floor plate marker, CORIN. We induced DA neurons using scalable culture conditions on human laminin fragment, and the sorted CORIN+ cells expressed the midbrain DA progenitor markers, FOXA2 and LMX1A. When transplanted into 6-OHDA-lesioned rats, the CORIN+ cells survived and differentiated into midbrain DA neurons in vivo, resulting in significant improvement of the motor behavior, without tumor formation. In particular, the CORIN+ cells in a NURR1+ cell-dominant stage exhibited the best survival and function as DA neurons. Our method is a favorable strategy in terms of scalability, safety, and efficiency and may be advantageous for clinical application. DA neurons were highly efficiently induced from iPSCs on xeno-free laminin fragment DA progenitors were enriched by sorting of CORIN+ cells CORIN+ cell grafts resulted in good DA neuron survival without tumor formation NURR1+ cell-dominant stage exhibited the best survival and function as DA neurons
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Doi
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, 606-8507 Kyoto, Japan
| | - Bumpei Samata
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, 606-8507 Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mitsuko Katsukawa
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, 606-8507 Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiro Kikuchi
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, 606-8507 Kyoto, Japan
| | - Asuka Morizane
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, 606-8507 Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuichi Ono
- Group for Neuronal Differentiation and Development, KAN Research Institute, Inc., 650-0047 Kobe, Japan
| | - Kiyotoshi Sekiguchi
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Biochemistry, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 565-0871 Osaka, Japan
| | - Masato Nakagawa
- Department of Reprogramming Science, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, 606-8507 Kyoto, Japan
| | - Malin Parmar
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jun Takahashi
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, 606-8507 Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Biological Repair, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 606-8507 Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University School of Medicine, 606-8507 Kyoto, Japan
- Corresponding author
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166
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Physiological characterisation of human iPS-derived dopaminergic neurons. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87388. [PMID: 24586273 PMCID: PMC3931621 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) offer the potential to study otherwise inaccessible cell types. Critical to this is the directed differentiation of hiPSCs into functional cell lineages. This is of particular relevance to research into neurological disease, such as Parkinson's disease (PD), in which midbrain dopaminergic neurons degenerate during disease progression but are unobtainable until post-mortem. Here we report a detailed study into the physiological maturation over time of human dopaminergic neurons in vitro. We first generated and differentiated hiPSC lines into midbrain dopaminergic neurons and performed a comprehensive characterisation to confirm dopaminergic functionality by demonstrating dopamine synthesis, release, and re-uptake. The neuronal cultures include cells positive for both tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 2 (Kir3.2, henceforth referred to as GIRK2), representative of the A9 population of substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) neurons vulnerable in PD. We observed for the first time the maturation of the slow autonomous pace-making (<10 Hz) and spontaneous synaptic activity typical of mature SNc dopaminergic neurons using a combination of calcium imaging and electrophysiology. hiPSC-derived neurons exhibited inositol tri-phosphate (IP3) receptor-dependent release of intracellular calcium from the endoplasmic reticulum in neuronal processes as calcium waves propagating from apical and distal dendrites, and in the soma. Finally, neurons were susceptible to the dopamine neuron-specific toxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) which reduced mitochondrial membrane potential and altered mitochondrial morphology. Mature hiPSC-derived dopaminergic neurons provide a neurophysiologically-defined model of previously inaccessible vulnerable SNc dopaminergic neurons to bridge the gap between clinical PD and animal models.
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167
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Cave JW, Wang M, Baker H. Adult subventricular zone neural stem cells as a potential source of dopaminergic replacement neurons. Front Neurosci 2014; 8:16. [PMID: 24574954 PMCID: PMC3918650 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2014.00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical trials engrafting human fetal ventral mesencephalic tissue have demonstrated, in principle, that cell replacement therapy provides substantial long-lasting improvement of motor impairments generated by Parkinson's Disease (PD). The use of fetal tissue is not practical for widespread clinical implementation of this therapy, but stem cells are a promising alternative source for obtaining replacement cells. The ideal stem cell source has yet to be established and, in this review, we discuss the potential of neural stem cells in the adult subventricular zone (SVZ) as an autologous source of replacement cells. We identify three key challenges for further developing this potential source of replacement cells: (1) improving survival of transplanted cells, (2) suppressing glial progenitor proliferation and survival, and (3) developing methods to efficiently produce dopaminergic neurons. Subventricular neural stem cells naturally produce a dopaminergic interneuron phenotype that has an apparent lack of vulnerability to PD-mediated degeneration. We also discuss whether olfactory bulb dopaminergic neurons derived from adult SVZ neural stem cells are a suitable source for cell replacement strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Cave
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College New York, NY, USA ; Burke Medical Research Institute White Plains, NY, USA
| | - Meng Wang
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College New York, NY, USA ; Burke Medical Research Institute White Plains, NY, USA
| | - Harriet Baker
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College New York, NY, USA ; Burke Medical Research Institute White Plains, NY, USA
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168
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Sundberg M, Isacson O. Advances in stem-cell–generated transplantation therapy for Parkinson's disease. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2014; 14:437-53. [DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2014.876986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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169
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Mattis VB, Wakeman DR, Tom C, Dodiya HB, Yeung SY, Tran AH, Bernau K, Ornelas L, Sahabian A, Reidling J, Sareen D, Thompson LM, Kordower JH, Svendsen CN. Neonatal immune-tolerance in mice does not prevent xenograft rejection. Exp Neurol 2014; 254:90-8. [PMID: 24440640 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Assessing the efficacy of human stem cell transplantation in rodent models is complicated by the significant immune rejection that occurs. Two recent reports have shown conflicting results using neonatal tolerance to xenografts in rats. Here we extend this approach to mice and assess whether neonatal tolerance can prevent the rapid rejection of xenografts. In three strains of neonatal immune-intact mice, using two different brain transplant regimes and three independent stem cell types, we conclusively show that there is rapid rejection of the implanted cells. We also address specific challenges associated with the generation of humanized mouse models of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia B Mattis
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Colton Tom
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Loren Ornelas
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anais Sahabian
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Dhruv Sareen
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Clive N Svendsen
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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170
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Najafzadeh N, Nobakht M, Pourheydar B, Golmohammadi MG. Rat hair follicle stem cells differentiate and promote recovery following spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res 2013; 8:3365-72. [PMID: 25206658 PMCID: PMC4146002 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.36.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging studies of treating spinal cord injury (SCI) with adult stem cells led us to evaluate the effects of transplantation of hair follicle stem cells in rats with a compression-induced spinal cord lesion. Here, we proposed a hypothesis that rat hair follicle stem cell transplantation can promote the recovery of injured spinal cord. Compression-induced spinal cord injury was induced in Wistar rats in this study. The bulge area of the rat vibrissa follicles was isolated, cultivated and characterized with nestin as a stem cell marker. 5-Bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) labeled bulge stem cells were transplanted into rats with spinal cord injury. Immunohistochemical staining results showed that some of the grafted cells could survive and differentiate into oligodendrocytes (receptor-interacting protein positive cells) and neuronal-like cells (βIII-tubulin positive cells) at 3 weeks after transplantation. In addition, recovery of hind limb locomotor function in spinal cord injury rats at 8 weeks following cell transplantation was assessed using the Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan (BBB) locomotor rating scale. The results demonstrate that the grafted hair follicle stem cells can survive for a long time period in vivo and differentiate into neuronal- and glial-like cells. These results suggest that hair follicle stem cells can promote the recovery of spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nowruz Najafzadeh
- Department of Anatomy and Pathology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Maliheh Nobakht
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Pourheydar
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran ; Neurophysiology Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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171
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Morizane A, Doi D, Kikuchi T, Okita K, Hotta A, Kawasaki T, Hayashi T, Onoe H, Shiina T, Yamanaka S, Takahashi J. Direct comparison of autologous and allogeneic transplantation of iPSC-derived neural cells in the brain of a non-human primate. Stem Cell Reports 2013; 1:283-92. [PMID: 24319664 PMCID: PMC3849265 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2013.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provide the potential for autologous transplantation using cells derived from a patient's own cells. However, the immunogenicity of iPSCs or their derivatives has been a matter of controversy, and up to now there has been no direct comparison of autologous and allogeneic transplantation in the brains of humans or nonhuman primates. Here, using nonhuman primates, we found that the autologous transplantation of iPSC-derived neurons elicited only a minimal immune response in the brain. In contrast, the allografts caused an acquired immune response with the activation of microglia (IBA-1(+)/MHC class II(+)) and the infiltration of leukocytes (CD45(+)/CD3(+)). Consequently, a higher number of dopaminergic neurons survived in the autografts. Our results suggest that the autologous transplantation of iPSC-derived neural cells is advantageous for minimizing the immune response in the brain compared with allogeneic grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asuka Morizane
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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