151
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Wang J, Yi X, Fu Y, Pang P, Deng H, Tang H, Han Z, Li H, Nie J, Gong G, Hu Z, Tan Z, Chen BT. Preoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging Radiomics for Predicting Early Recurrence of Glioblastoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:769188. [PMID: 34778086 PMCID: PMC8579096 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.769188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Early recurrence of glioblastoma after standard treatment makes patient care challenging. This study aimed to assess preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) radiomics for predicting early recurrence of glioblastoma. Patients and Methods A total of 122 patients (training cohort: n = 86; validation cohort: n = 36) with pathologically confirmed glioblastoma were included in this retrospective study. Preoperative brain MRI images were analyzed for both radiomics and the Visually Accessible Rembrandt Image (VASARI) features of glioblastoma. Models incorporating MRI radiomics, the VASARI parameters, and clinical variables were developed and presented in a nomogram. Performance was assessed based on calibration, discrimination, and clinical usefulness. Results The nomogram consisting of the radiomic signatures, the VASARI parameters, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) values showed good discrimination between the patients with early recurrence and those with later recurrence, with an area under the curve of 0.85 (95% CI, 0.77-0.94) in the training cohort and 0.84 [95% CI, 0.71-0.97] in the validation cohort. Decision curve analysis demonstrated favorable clinical application of the nomogram. Conclusion This study showed the potential usefulness of preoperative brain MRI radiomics in predicting the early recurrence of glioblastoma, which should be helpful in personalized management of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoping Yi
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Fu
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya Hospital), Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Peipei Pang
- Department of Pharmaceuticals Diagnosis, GE Healthcare, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huihuang Deng
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Haiyun Tang
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zaide Han
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Haiping Li
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jilin Nie
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guanghui Gong
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhongliang Hu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zeming Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bihong T Chen
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
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152
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Kashfi K, Kannikal J, Nath N. Macrophage Reprogramming and Cancer Therapeutics: Role of iNOS-Derived NO. Cells 2021; 10:3194. [PMID: 34831416 PMCID: PMC8624911 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide and its production by iNOS is an established mechanism critical to tumor promotion or suppression. Macrophages have important roles in immunity, development, and progression of cancer and have a controversial role in pro- and antitumoral effects. The tumor microenvironment consists of tumor-associated macrophages (TAM), among other cell types that influence the fate of the growing tumor. Depending on the microenvironment and various cues, macrophages polarize into a continuum represented by the M1-like pro-inflammatory phenotype or the anti-inflammatory M2-like phenotype; these two are predominant, while there are subsets and intermediates. Manipulating their plasticity through programming or reprogramming of M2-like to M1-like phenotypes presents the opportunity to maximize tumoricidal defenses. The dual role of iNOS-derived NO also influences TAM activity by repolarization to tumoricidal M1-type phenotype. Regulatory pathways and immunomodulation achieve this through miRNA that may inhibit the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. This review summarizes the classical physiology of macrophages and polarization, iNOS activities, and evidence towards TAM reprogramming with current information in glioblastoma and melanoma models, and the immunomodulatory and therapeutic options using iNOS or NO-dependent strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khosrow Kashfi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, NY 10031, USA;
- Graduate Program in Biology, City University of New York Graduate Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jasmine Kannikal
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, New York, NY 10023, USA;
| | - Niharika Nath
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, New York, NY 10023, USA;
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153
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Bonneville-Levard A, Frappaz D, Tredan O, Lavergne E, Corset V, Agrapart V, Chabaud S, Pissaloux D, Wang Q, Attignon V, Cartalat S, Ducray F, Thomas-Maisonneuve L, Honnorat J, Meyronet D, Taillandier L, Blonski M, Viari A, Baudet C, Sohier E, Lantuejoul S, Paindavoine S, Treilleux I, Rodriguez C, Pérol D, Blay JY. Molecular profile to guide personalized medicine in adult patients with primary brain tumors: results from the ProfiLER trial. Med Oncol 2021; 39:4. [PMID: 34739635 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-021-01536-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Immunohistochemistry and recent molecular technologies progressively guided access to personalized anti-tumoral therapies. We explored the feasibility, efficacy, and the impact of molecular profiling in patients with advanced brain tumors. This multicentric prospective trial ProfiLER enrolled patients with primary brain tumors, who have been pre-treated with at least one line of anti-cancer treatment, and for whom molecular profiles had been achieved using next-generation sequencing and/or comparative genomic hybridization on fresh or archived samples from tumor, relapse, or biopsies. A molecular tumor board weekly analyzed results and proposed molecular-based recommended therapy (MBRT). From February 2013 to December 2015, we enrolled 141 patients with primary brain tumor and analyzed 105 patients for whom tumor genomic profiles had been achieved. Histology mainly identified glioblastoma (N = 46, 44%), low-grade glioma (N = 26, 25%), high-grade glioma (N = 12, 11%), and atypical and anaplastic meningioma (N = 8, 8%). Forty-three (41%) patients presented at least one actionable molecular alteration. Out of 61 alterations identified, the most frequent alterations occurred in CDKN2A (N = 18), EGFR (N = 12), PDGFRa (N = 8), PTEN (N = 8), CDK4 (N = 7), KIT (N = 6), PIK3CA (N = 5), and MDM2 (N = 3). Sixteen (15%) patients could not be proposed for a MBRT due to early death (N = 5), lack of available clinical trials (N = 9), or inappropriate results (N = 2). Only six (6%) of the 27 (26%) patients for whom a MBRT had been proposed finally initiated MBRT (everolimus (N = 3), erlotinib (N = 1), ruxolitinib (N = 1), and sorafenib (N = 1)), but discontinued treatment for toxicity (N = 4) or clinical progression (N = 2). High-throughput sequencing in patients with brain tumors may be routinely performed, especially when macroscopic surgery samples are available; nevertheless delays should be reduced. Criteria for clinical trial enrollment should be reconsidered in patients with brain tumors, and a panel of genes specifically dedicated to neurologic tumors should be developed to help decision-making in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Bonneville-Levard
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leon Bérard Cancer Centre, 28, rue Laennec, 69373, Lyon, France.
| | - Didier Frappaz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leon Bérard Cancer Centre, 28, rue Laennec, 69373, Lyon, France
| | - Olivier Tredan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leon Bérard Cancer Centre, 28, rue Laennec, 69373, Lyon, France
| | - Emilie Lavergne
- Department of Clinical Research and Innovation, Léon Bérard Cancer Centre, Lyon, France
| | - Véronique Corset
- Department of Clinical Research and Innovation, Léon Bérard Cancer Centre, Lyon, France
| | - Vincent Agrapart
- Department of Clinical Research and Innovation, Léon Bérard Cancer Centre, Lyon, France
| | - Sylvie Chabaud
- Department of Clinical Research and Innovation, Léon Bérard Cancer Centre, Lyon, France
| | - Daniel Pissaloux
- Department of Translational Research and Innovation, Léon Bérard Cancer Centre, Lyon, France
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Translational Research and Innovation, Léon Bérard Cancer Centre, Lyon, France
| | - Valery Attignon
- Department of Translational Research and Innovation, Léon Bérard Cancer Centre, Lyon, France
| | | | - François Ducray
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Jérôme Honnorat
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - David Meyronet
- Department of Neuropathology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Luc Taillandier
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Central Hospital, Nancy, France
| | - Marie Blonski
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Central Hospital, Nancy, France
| | - Alain Viari
- Synergie Lyon Cancer, Bio-Informatics Platform, Léon Bérard Cancer Centre, Lyon, France
| | - Christian Baudet
- Synergie Lyon Cancer, Bio-Informatics Platform, Léon Bérard Cancer Centre, Lyon, France
| | - Emilie Sohier
- Synergie Lyon Cancer, Bio-Informatics Platform, Léon Bérard Cancer Centre, Lyon, France
| | | | | | | | | | - David Pérol
- Department of Clinical Research and Innovation, Léon Bérard Cancer Centre, Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Yves Blay
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leon Bérard Cancer Centre, 28, rue Laennec, 69373, Lyon, France
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154
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Lu W, Chen H, Liang B, Ou C, Zhang M, Yue Q, Xie J. Integrative Analyses and Verification of the Expression and Prognostic Significance for RCN1 in Glioblastoma Multiforme. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:736947. [PMID: 34722631 PMCID: PMC8548715 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.736947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiform is a lethal primary brain tumor derived from astrocytic, with a poor prognosis in adults. Reticulocalbin-1 (RCN1) is a calcium-binding protein, dysregulation of which contributes to tumorigenesis and progression in various cancers. The present study aimed to identify the impact of RCN1 on the outcomes of patients with Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). The study applied two public databases to require RNA sequencing data of Glioblastoma multiform samples with clinical data for the construction of a training set and a validation set, respectively. We used bioinformatic analyses to determine that RCN1 could be an independent factor for the overall survival of Glioblastoma multiform patients. In the training set, the study constructed a predictive prognostic model based on the combination of RCN1 with various clinical parameters for overall survival at 0.5-, 1.0-, and 1.5-years, as well as developed a nomogram, which was further validated by validation set. Pathways analyses indicated that RCN1 was involved in KEAS and MYC pathways and apoptosis. In vitro experiments indicated that RCN1 promoted cell invasion of Glioblastoma multiform cells. These results illustrated the prognostic role of RCN1 for overall survival in Glioblastoma multiform patients, indicated the promotion of RCN1 in cell invasion, and suggested the probability of RCN1 as a potential targeted molecule for treatment in Glioblastoma multiform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weicheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bo Liang
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chaopeng Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingwei Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qiuyuan Yue
- Department of Radiology, Fujian Cancer Hospital and Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jingdun Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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155
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Jin FQ, Jin L, Wang YL. Downregulation of STOX1 is a novel prognostic biomarker for glioma patients. Open Life Sci 2021; 16:1164-1174. [PMID: 34722888 PMCID: PMC8546287 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2021-0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Storkhead box 1 (STOX1) is a winged helix transcription factor structurally and functionally related to the forkhead family of transcription factors. Recent studies have highlighted its role in the central nervous system and revealed hints in the development of glioma. However, the expression profiles of STOX1, its association with clinicopathological characteristics, and potential functions in glioma remain unknown. In this study, we analyzed three publicly available datasets including CGGA, TCGA, and Rembrandt and revealed a grade-dependent reduction in STOX1 expression in glioma (P < 0.001). Chi-square test demonstrated that low STOX1 expression was significantly associated with older age at initial diagnosis (P < 0.001), less IDH1 mutation (P < 0.001), and advanced WHO grade (P < 0.001). Moreover, multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that STOX1 expression may serve as a novel independent prognostic biomarker in glioma patients. Bioinformatic functional analysis (GSEA) predicted that STOX1 was related to many key cancer pathways including P53 signaling pathway (P < 0.01), DNA replication (P < 0.05), homologous recombination (P < 0.05), and Wnt signaling pathway (P < 0.05). Taken together, these findings suggested that STOX1 may be used as a novel predictive molecular biomarker for glioma grading and overall patient survival. Further investigations on the functional roles and therapeutic value of STOX1 in glioma are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-qin Jin
- Department of Radiology, People’s Hospital of Gaoxin District, Suzhou, 215129, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yan-ling Wang
- Department of Radiology, People’s Hospital of Gaoxin District, Suzhou, 215129, Jiangsu, China
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156
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Jiang T, Qiao Y, Ruan W, Zhang D, Yang Q, Wang G, Chen Q, Zhu F, Yin J, Zou Y, Qian R, Zheng M, Shi B. Cation-Free siRNA Micelles as Effective Drug Delivery Platform and Potent RNAi Nanomedicines for Glioblastoma Therapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2104779. [PMID: 34751990 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202104779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle-based small interfering RNA (siRNA) therapy shows great promise for glioblastoma (GBM). However, charge associated toxicity and limited blood-brain-barrier (BBB) penetration remain significant challenges for siRNA delivery for GBM therapy. Herein, novel cation-free siRNA micelles, prepared by the self-assembly of siRNA-disulfide-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (siRNA-SS-PNIPAM) diblock copolymers, are prepared. The siRNA micelles not only display enhanced blood circulation time, superior cell take-up, and effective at-site siRNA release, but also achieve potent BBB penetration. Moreover, due to being non-cationic, these siRNA micelles exert no charge-associated toxicity. Notably, these desirable properties of this novel RNA interfering (RNAi) nanomedicine result in outstanding growth inhibition of orthotopic U87MG xenografts without causing adverse effects, achieving remarkably improved survival benefits. Moreover, as a novel type of polymeric micelle, the siRNA micelle displays effective drug loading ability. When utilizing temozolomide (TMZ) as a model loading drug, the siRNA micelle realizes effective synergistic therapy effect via targeting the key gene (signal transducers and activators of transcription 3, STAT3) in TMZ drug resistant pathways. The authors' results show that this siRNA micelle nanoparticle can serve as a robust and versatile drug codelivery platform, and RNAi nanomedicine and for effective GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Jiang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-Nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences & School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Yonghan Qiao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-Nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences & School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Weimin Ruan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-Nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences & School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Dongya Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-Nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences & School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Qingshan Yang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-Nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences & School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Guoying Wang
- Huaihe Hosiptal, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Qunzhi Chen
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-Nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences & School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Fengping Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jinlong Yin
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-Nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences & School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Yan Zou
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-Nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences & School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Rongjun Qian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Meng Zheng
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-Nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences & School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Bingyang Shi
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-Nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences & School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
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157
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Tira A, Buckingham L. Evidence for age-related contributions of DNA damage and epigenetics in brain tumorigenesis. Int J Exp Pathol 2021; 102:232-241. [PMID: 34716726 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly malignant primary brain tumour displaying rapid cell proliferation and infiltration. GBM primarily occurs at older age; however, younger populations have also been affected. In GBM and other cancers, genetic and epigenetic alterations promote tumorigenesis causing increased cell proliferation and invasiveness. This investigation explored epigenetic events as contributing factors, especially in gliomas that arise in patients aged 40-60 years. Furthermore, DNA damage in tumours with respect to age was assessed. Archival fixed tissues from 88 cases of glioblastoma and adjacent non-malignant tissues were tested. Global methylation and DNA damage were measured using ELISA detection of 5-methyl cytosine and 8-hydroxy guanine, respectively. IDH mutations and CDKN2 promoter hypermethylation were analysed by pyrosequencing. Tumour tissue was hypomethylated compared with non-malignant tissue (P = .001), and there was a trend towards increased methylation with increasing age. There was a significant increase in DNA damage in patients older than forty years compared with those aged forty years or younger (P = .035). CDKN2 promoter methylation levels followed the age trends of global methylation in this patient group. Patients younger than 60 had more frequently mutated IDH (P = .004). Conclusions: The data support the potential of epigenetic factors in promoting tumorigenesis in younger patients, while increased DNA damage contributes to tumorigenesis in the older patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Tira
- Rush University College of Health Sciences, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lela Buckingham
- Rush University College of Health Sciences, Chicago, IL, USA
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158
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Abstract
Around three out of one hundred thousand people are diagnosed with glioblastoma multiforme, simply called glioblastoma, which is the most common primary brain tumor in adults. With a dismal prognosis of a little over a year, receiving a glioblastoma diagnosis is oftentimes fatal. A major advancement in its treatment was made almost two decades ago when the alkylating chemotherapeutic agent temozolomide (TMZ) was combined with radiotherapy (RT). Little progress has been made since then. Therapies that focus on the modulation of autophagy, a key process that regulates cellular homeostasis, have been developed to curb the progression of glioblastoma. The dual role of autophagy (cell survival or cell death) in glioblastoma has led to the development of autophagy inhibitors and promoters that either work as monotherapies or as part of a combination therapy to induce cell death, cellular senescence, and counteract the ability of glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) for initiating tumor recurrence. The myriad of cellular pathways that act upon the modulation of autophagy have created contention between two groups: those who use autophagy inhibition versus those who use promotion of autophagy to control glioblastoma growth. We discuss rationale for using current major therapeutics, their molecular mechanisms for modulation of autophagy in glioblastoma and GSCs, their potentials for making strides in combating glioblastoma progression, and their possible shortcomings. These shortcomings may fuel the innovation of novel delivery systems and therapies involving TMZ in conjunction with another agent to pave the way towards a new gold standard of glioblastoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Manea
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, 6439 Garners Ferry Road, Columbia, SC, 29209, USA
| | - Swapan K Ray
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, 6439 Garners Ferry Road, Columbia, SC, 29209, USA.
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159
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Abstract
Since the inception of their profession, neurosurgeons have defined themselves as physicians with a surgical practice. Throughout time, neurosurgery has always taken advantage of technological advances to provide better and safer care for patients. In the ongoing precision medicine surge that drives patient-centric healthcare, neurosurgery strives to effectively embrace the era of data-driven medicine. Neuro-oncology best illustrates this convergence between surgery and precision medicine with the advent of molecular profiling, imaging and data analytics. This convenient convergence paves the way for new preventive, diagnostic, prognostic and targeted therapeutic perspectives. The prominent advances in healthcare and big data forcefully challenge the medical community to deeply rethink current and future medical practice. This work provides a historical perspective on neurosurgery. It also discusses the impact of the conceptual shift of precision medicine on neurosurgery through the lens of neuro-oncology.
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160
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Ahmadov U, Picard D, Bartl J, Silginer M, Trajkovic-Arsic M, Qin N, Blümel L, Wolter M, Lim JKM, Pauck D, Winkelkotte AM, Melcher M, Langini M, Marquardt V, Sander F, Stefanski A, Steltgens S, Hassiepen C, Kaufhold A, Meyer FD, Seibt A, Kleinesudeik L, Hain A, Münk C, Knobbe-Thomsen CB, Schramm A, Fischer U, Leprivier G, Stühler K, Fulda S, Siveke JT, Distelmaier F, Borkhardt A, Weller M, Roth P, Reifenberger G, Remke M. The long non-coding RNA HOTAIRM1 promotes tumor aggressiveness and radiotherapy resistance in glioblastoma. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:885. [PMID: 34584066 PMCID: PMC8478910 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04146-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common malignant primary brain tumor. To date, clinically relevant biomarkers are restricted to isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) gene 1 or 2 mutations and O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to contribute to glioblastoma pathogenesis and could potentially serve as novel biomarkers. The clinical significance of HOXA Transcript Antisense RNA, Myeloid-Specific 1 (HOTAIRM1) was determined by analyzing HOTAIRM1 in multiple glioblastoma gene expression data sets for associations with prognosis, as well as, IDH mutation and MGMT promoter methylation status. Finally, the role of HOTAIRM1 in glioblastoma biology and radiotherapy resistance was characterized in vitro and in vivo. We identified HOTAIRM1 as a candidate lncRNA whose up-regulation is significantly associated with shorter survival of glioblastoma patients, independent from IDH mutation and MGMT promoter methylation. Glioblastoma cell line models uniformly showed reduced cell viability, decreased invasive growth and diminished colony formation capacity upon HOTAIRM1 down-regulation. Integrated proteogenomic analyses revealed impaired mitochondrial function and determination of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels confirmed increased ROS levels upon HOTAIRM1 knock-down. HOTAIRM1 knock-down decreased expression of transglutaminase 2 (TGM2), a candidate protein implicated in mitochondrial function, and knock-down of TGM2 mimicked the phenotype of HOTAIRM1 down-regulation in glioblastoma cells. Moreover, HOTAIRM1 modulates radiosensitivity of glioblastoma cells both in vitro and in vivo. Our data support a role for HOTAIRM1 as a driver of biological aggressiveness, radioresistance and poor outcome in glioblastoma. Targeting HOTAIRM1 may be a promising new therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulvi Ahmadov
- Division of Pediatric Neuro-Oncogenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Daniel Picard
- Division of Pediatric Neuro-Oncogenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jasmin Bartl
- Division of Pediatric Neuro-Oncogenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Manuela Silginer
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marija Trajkovic-Arsic
- Bridge Institute of Experimental Tumor Therapy, West German Cancer Center, University Medicine Essen, Essen, Germany
- Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Essen, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nan Qin
- Division of Pediatric Neuro-Oncogenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lena Blümel
- Division of Pediatric Neuro-Oncogenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marietta Wolter
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jonathan K M Lim
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - David Pauck
- Division of Pediatric Neuro-Oncogenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alina Marie Winkelkotte
- Bridge Institute of Experimental Tumor Therapy, West German Cancer Center, University Medicine Essen, Essen, Germany
- Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Essen, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marlen Melcher
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Maike Langini
- Institute for Molecular Medicine I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Molecular Proteomics Laboratory (MPL), Biological-Medical Research Center (BMFZ), Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Viktoria Marquardt
- Division of Pediatric Neuro-Oncogenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Felix Sander
- Division of Pediatric Neuro-Oncogenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anja Stefanski
- Institute for Molecular Medicine I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Molecular Proteomics Laboratory (MPL), Biological-Medical Research Center (BMFZ), Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sascha Steltgens
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christina Hassiepen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Anna Kaufhold
- Division of Pediatric Neuro-Oncogenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Frauke-Dorothee Meyer
- Division of Pediatric Neuro-Oncogenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Annette Seibt
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lara Kleinesudeik
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anika Hain
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Carsten Münk
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Alexander Schramm
- Department of Molecular Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ute Fischer
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gabriel Leprivier
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kai Stühler
- Institute for Molecular Medicine I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Molecular Proteomics Laboratory (MPL), Biological-Medical Research Center (BMFZ), Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Simone Fulda
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jens T Siveke
- Bridge Institute of Experimental Tumor Therapy, West German Cancer Center, University Medicine Essen, Essen, Germany
- Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Essen, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Distelmaier
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Arndt Borkhardt
- Division of Pediatric Neuro-Oncogenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Weller
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Roth
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Guido Reifenberger
- Division of Pediatric Neuro-Oncogenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marc Remke
- Division of Pediatric Neuro-Oncogenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
- German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Lan Y, Zhao E, Zhang X, Zhu X, Wan L, A S, Ping Y, Wang Y. Prognostic impact of a lymphocyte activation-associated gene signature in GBM based on transcriptome analysis. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12070. [PMID: 34527446 PMCID: PMC8401751 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly, malignant tumor of the primary central nervous system. Patients diagnosed with this type of tumor have a poor prognosis. Lymphocyte activation plays important roles in the development of cancers and its therapeutic treatments. Objective We sought to identify an efficient lymphocyte activation-associated gene signature that could predict the progression and prognosis of GBM. Methods We used univariate Cox proportional hazards regression and stepwise regression algorithm to develop a lymphocyte activation-associated gene signature in the training dataset (TCGA, n = 525). Then, the signature was validated in two datasets, including GSE16011 (n = 150) and GSE13041 (n = 191) using the Kaplan Meier method. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to adjust for clinicopathological factors. Results We identified a lymphocyte activation-associated gene signature (TCF3, IGFBP2, TYRO3 and NOD2) in the training dataset and classified the patients into high-risk and low-risk groups with significant differences in overall survival (median survival 15.33 months vs 12.57 months, HR = 1.55, 95% CI [1.28-1.87], log-rank test P < 0.001). This signature showed similar prognostic values in the other two datasets. Further, univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models analysis indicated that the signature was an independent prognostic factor for GBM patients. Moreover, we determined that there were differences in lymphocyte activity between the high- and low-risk groups of GBM patients among all datasets. Furthermore, the lymphocyte activation-associated gene signature could significantly predict the survival of patients with certain features, including IDH-wildtype patients and patients undergoing radiotherapy. In addition, the signature may also improve the prognostic power of age. Conclusions In summary, our results suggested that the lymphocyte activation-associated gene signature is a promising factor for the survival of patients, which is helpful for the prognosis of GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Lan
- Harbin Medical University, College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Erjie Zhao
- Harbin Medical University, College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Harbin Medical University, College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhu
- Harbin Medical University, College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Linyun Wan
- Harbin Medical University, College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Suru A
- Harbin Medical University, College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Yanyan Ping
- Harbin Medical University, College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Yihan Wang
- Harbin Medical University, College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin, China
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162
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Sun Y, Ma G, Xiang H, Wang X, Wang H, Zhang Y, Qie F, Li C. circFLNA promotes glioblastoma proliferation and invasion by negatively regulating miR‑199‑3p expression. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:786. [PMID: 34498720 PMCID: PMC8441964 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most common and malignant types of primary cancer in the central nervous system; however, the clinical outcomes of patients with GBM remain poor. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been revealed to serve important roles in diverse biological processes, such as regulating cell proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and tumor development. However, the underlying biological function of circRNA filamin A (circFLNA) and its potential role in GBM remain to be determined. The present study aimed to identify differentially expressed circRNAs in GBM. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR was used to analyze the expression levels of circFLNA. The results demonstrated that the expression levels of circFLNA were significantly upregulated in clinical GBM samples and GBM cells compared with adjacent healthy brain tissues and normal human astrocytes, respectively. The results of the Cell Counting Kit-8 and Transwell assays revealed that circFLNA knockdown significantly inhibited the proliferative and invasive abilities of GBM cell lines. Moreover, high circFLNA expression levels were associated with a worse prognosis in GBM. MicroRNA (miR)-199-3p was subsequently predicted to be target of circFLNA. The inhibitory effect of miR-199-3p on cell proliferation and invasion was partially reversed following circFLNA knockdown. In conclusion, the findings of the present study identified novel roles for circFLNA in GBM and indicated that the circFLNA/miR-199-3p signaling axis may serve an important role in GBM progression. Therefore, circFLNA may represent a novel target for the diagnosis and treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daqing Oil Field General Hospital, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163001, P.R. China
| | - Guangtao Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daqing Oil Field General Hospital, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163001, P.R. China
| | - Hongtao Xiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fourth Hospital of Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daqing Oil Field General Hospital, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163001, P.R. China
| | - Hanmei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daqing Oil Field General Hospital, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163001, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of The Heart of Non‑Invasive Examination, Daqing Oil Field General Hospital, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163001, P.R. China
| | - Fuzhong Qie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daqing Oil Field General Hospital, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163001, P.R. China
| | - Chenlong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
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163
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Singh O, Pratt D, Aldape K. Immune cell deconvolution of bulk DNA methylation data reveals an association with methylation class, key somatic alterations, and cell state in glial/glioneuronal tumors. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2021; 9:148. [PMID: 34496929 PMCID: PMC8425010 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-021-01249-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
It is recognized that the tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a critical role in the biology of cancer. To better understand the role of immune cell components in CNS tumors, we applied a deconvolution approach to bulk DNA methylation array data in a large set of newly profiled samples (n = 741) as well as samples from external data sources (n = 3311) of methylation-defined glial and glioneuronal tumors. Using the cell-type proportion data as input, we used dimensionality reduction to visualize sample-wise patterns that emerge from the cell type proportion estimations. In IDH-wildtype glioblastomas (n = 2,072), we identified distinct tumor clusters based on immune cell proportion and demonstrated an association with oncogenic alterations such as EGFR amplification and CDKN2A/B homozygous deletion. We also investigated the immune cluster-specific distribution of four malignant cellular states (AC-like, OPC-like, MES-like and NPC-like) in the IDH-wildtype cohort. We identified two major immune-based subgroups of IDH-mutant gliomas, which largely aligned with 1p/19q co-deletion status. Non-codeleted gliomas showed distinct proportions of a key genomic aberration (CDKN2A/B loss) among immune cell-based groups. We also observed significant positive correlations between monocyte proportion and expression of PD-L1 and PD-L2 (R = 0.54 and 0.68, respectively). Overall, the findings highlight specific roles of the TME in biology and classification of CNS tumors, where specific immune cell admixtures correlate with tumor types and genomic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omkar Singh
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Drew Pratt
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Kenneth Aldape
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Haddad AF, Young JS, Amara D, Berger MS, Raleigh DR, Aghi MK, Butowski NA. Mouse models of glioblastoma for the evaluation of novel therapeutic strategies. Neurooncol Adv 2021; 3:vdab100. [PMID: 34466804 PMCID: PMC8403483 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdab100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an incurable brain tumor with a median survival of approximately 15 months despite an aggressive standard of care that includes surgery, chemotherapy, and ionizing radiation. Mouse models have advanced our understanding of GBM biology and the development of novel therapeutic strategies for GBM patients. However, model selection is crucial when testing developmental therapeutics, and each mouse model of GBM has unique advantages and disadvantages that can influence the validity and translatability of experimental results. To shed light on this process, we discuss the strengths and limitations of 3 types of mouse GBM models in this review: syngeneic models, genetically engineered mouse models, and xenograft models, including traditional xenograft cell lines and patient-derived xenograft models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander F Haddad
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jacob S Young
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Dominic Amara
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mitchel S Berger
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - David R Raleigh
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Manish K Aghi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Nicholas A Butowski
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Corresponding Author: Nicholas A. Butowski, MD, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 400 Parnassus Ave Eighth Floor, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA ()
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Age is associated with unfavorable neuropathological and radiological features and poor outcome in patients with WHO grade 2 and 3 gliomas. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17380. [PMID: 34462493 PMCID: PMC8405625 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96832-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
With the rising life expectancy and availability of neuroimaging, increased number of older patients will present with diffuse and anaplastic gliomas. The aim of our study was therefore to investigate age-related prognostic clinical, neuropathological and radiological features of lower-grade gliomas. All consecutive patients with diffuse or anaplastic glioma WHO grade 2 and 3 who underwent first tumor resection between 2010 and 2018, were selected from the institutional neuro-oncological database and evaluated. The mean age of 55 males and 44 females was 46 years (SD ± 16). Wild-type IDH1 (p = 0.012), persistent nuclear ATRX expression (p = 0.012) and anaplasia (p < 0.001) were significantly associated with higher age. The CE volume before resection was found to be increased in older patients (r = 0.42, p < 0.0001), and CE rate was higher in the IDH wild-type population only (p = 0.02). The extent of resection did not differ with age. Overall, one year of life resulted in a PFS reduction of 9 days (p = 0.047); in IDH sub-group analysis, this dependency was confirmed only in wild-type tumors (p = 0.05). OS was significantly reduced in older patients (p = 0.033). In conclusion, behavior and prognosis of WHO grade 2 and 3 glioma were unfavorable in correlation to patient’s age, even if the extent of resection was comparable. Older age imparted a poorer PFS and higher CE rate only in the IDH wild-type population.
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Yuan Q, Wang S, Zhang G, He J, Liu Z, Wang M, Cai H, Wan J. Highly expressed of SERPINA3 indicated poor prognosis and involved in immune suppression in glioma. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2021; 9:1618-1630. [PMID: 34449972 PMCID: PMC8589354 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The prognosis of patients with glioma is dismal. It has been reported that Serpin peptidase inhibitor clade A member 3 (SERPINA3) is associated with the mobility and invasion of tumor cells. Our study was designed to explore the value of SERPINA3 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in the biological process, prognosis, and immune significance in glioma. Methods We analyzed the biological functions of SERPINA3 through data from the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas databases. Differentially expressed genes and enrichment analysis were performed and correlations between SERPINA3 expression and immune cell infiltration were analyzed. Further, we validated the expression and the survival prediction role of SERPINA3 by using tissue microarrays and RNAscope in situ hybridization in 321 gliomas. The correlations between the expression and clinical‐pathological parameters as well as other biomarkers were examined. Results Univariate and multivariate regression both indicated that the level of SERPINA3 transcript represented an independent prognostic factor. High levels of SERPINA3 correlated with poor survival in patients with glioma. Expression of SERPINA3 mRNA was observed positively correlated with MCM6, IGFBP2, and FKBP10. Enrichment analysis showed SERPINA3 mainly enriched in immune‐related terms and signaling pathways including MAPK, TNF, P53, PI3K‐Akt, nuclear factor‐κB. Immune infiltration analysis further declare the SERPINA3 expression negatively correlated with levels of Macrophages M1, native CD4+ T cell, monocytes, and Mast cell activated. And overexpression of SERPINA3 correlated with low CD4+ T cell infiltration in glioma tissues. Conclusions SERPINA3 may play a key role in the biological process of glioma cells especially in immune suppression activities. SERPINA3 may serve as an independent survival prediction factor in glioma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Song‐Quan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Guang‐Tao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Jie He
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Zhi‐Dan Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Ming‐Rong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Hong‐Qing Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Jing‐Hai Wan
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
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Cui X, Wang Q, Zhou J, Wang Y, Xu C, Tong F, Wang H, Kang C. Single-Cell Transcriptomics of Glioblastoma Reveals a Unique Tumor Microenvironment and Potential Immunotherapeutic Target Against Tumor-Associated Macrophage. Front Oncol 2021; 11:710695. [PMID: 34434898 PMCID: PMC8382282 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.710695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The main immune cells in GBM are tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Thus far, the studies investigating the activation status of TAM in GBM are mainly limited to bulk RNA analyses of individual tumor biopsies. The activation states and transcriptional signatures of TAMs in GBM remain poorly characterized. Methods We comprehensively analyzed single-cell RNA-sequencing data, covering a total of 16,201 cells, to clarify the relative proportions of the immune cells infiltrating GBMs. The origin and TAM states in GBM were characterized using the expression profiles of differential marker genes. The vital transcription factors were examined by SCENIC analysis. By comparing the variable gene expression patterns in different clusters and cell types, we identified components and characteristics of TAMs unique to each GBM subtype. Meanwhile, we interrogated the correlation between SPI1 expression and macrophage infiltration in the TCGA-GBM dataset. Results The expression patterns of TMEM119 and MHC-II can be utilized to distinguish the origin and activation states of TAMs. In TCGA-Mixed tumors, almost all TAMs were bone marrow-derived macrophages. The TAMs in TCGA-proneural tumors were characterized by primed microglia. A different composition was observed in TCGA-classical tumors, which were infiltrated by repressed microglia. Our results further identified SPI1 as a crucial regulon and potential immunotherapeutic target important for TAM maturation and polarization in GBM. Conclusions We describe the immune landscape of human GBM at a single-cell level and define a novel categorization scheme for TAMs in GBM. The immunotherapy against SPI1 would reprogram the immune environment of GBM and enhance the treatment effect of conventional chemotherapy drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoteng Cui
- Lab of Neuro-oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qixue Wang
- Lab of Neuro-oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Junhu Zhou
- Lab of Neuro-oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yunfei Wang
- Lab of Neuro-oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Can Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Fei Tong
- Lab of Neuro-oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongjun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chunsheng Kang
- Lab of Neuro-oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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168
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Metz C, Oyanadel C, Jung J, Retamal C, Cancino J, Barra J, Venegas J, Du G, Soza A, González A. Phosphatidic acid-PKA signaling regulates p38 and ERK1/2 functions in ligand-independent EGFR endocytosis. Traffic 2021; 22:345-361. [PMID: 34431177 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ligand-independent epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) endocytosis is inducible by a variety of stress conditions converging upon p38 kinase. A less known pathway involves phosphatidic acid (PA) signaling toward the activation of type 4 phosphodiesterases (PDE4) that decrease cAMP levels and protein kinase A (PKA) activity. This PA/PDE4/PKA pathway is triggered with propranolol used to inhibit PA hydrolysis and induces clathrin-dependent and clathrin-independent endocytosis, followed by reversible accumulation of EGFR in recycling endosomes. Here we give further evidence of this signaling pathway using biosensors of PA, cAMP, and PKA in live cells and then show that it activates p38 and ERK1/2 downstream the PKA inhibition. Clathrin-silencing and IN/SUR experiments involved the activity of p38 in the clathrin-dependent route, while ERK1/2 mediates clathrin-independent EGFR endocytosis. The PA/PDE4/PKA pathway selectively increases the EGFR endocytic rate without affecting LDLR and TfR constitute endocytosis. This selectiveness is probably because of EGFR phosphorylation, as detected in Th1046/1047 and Ser669 residues. The EGFR accumulates at perinuclear recycling endosomes colocalizing with TfR, fluorescent transferrin, and Rab11, while a small proportion distributes to Alix-endosomes. A non-selective recycling arrest includes LDLR and TfR in a reversible manner. The PA/PDE4/PKA pathway involving both p38 and ERK1/2 expands the possibilities of EGFR transmodulation and interference in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Metz
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia Oyanadel
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Jung
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Retamal
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge Cancino
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jonathan Barra
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime Venegas
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Guangwei Du
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Andrea Soza
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alfonso González
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Fundación Ciencia y Vida, Santiago, Chile
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169
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Zhu Z, Wang J, Tan J, Yao Y, He Z, Xie X, Yan Z, Fu W, Liu Q, Wang Y, Luo T, Bian X. Calcyphosine promotes the proliferation of glioma cells and serves as a potential therapeutic target. J Pathol 2021; 255:374-386. [PMID: 34370292 PMCID: PMC9291001 DOI: 10.1002/path.5776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Calcyphosine (CAPS) was initially identified from the canine thyroid. It also exists in many types of tumor, but its expression and function in glioma remain unknown. Here we explored the clinical significance and the functional mechanisms of CAPS in glioma. We found that CAPS was highly expressed in glioma and high expression of CAPS was correlated with poor survival, in glioma patients and public databases. Cox regression analysis showed that CAPS was an independent prognostic factor for glioma patients. Knockdown of CAPS suppressed the proliferation, whereas overexpression of CAPS promoted the proliferation of glioma both in vitro and in vivo. CAPS regulated the G2/M phase transition of the cell cycle, but had no obvious effect on apoptosis. CAPS affected PLK1 phosphorylation through interaction with MYPT1. CAPS knockdown decreased p‐MYPT1 at S507 and p‐PLK1 at S210. Expression of MYPT1 S507 phosphomimic rescued PLK1 phosphorylation and the phenotype caused by CAPS knockdown. The PLK1 inhibitor volasertib enhanced the therapeutic effect of temozolomide in glioma. Our data suggest that CAPS promotes the proliferation of glioma by regulating the cell cycle and the PLK1 inhibitor volasertib might be a chemosensitizer of glioma. © 2021 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China.,Research Department, PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China
| | - Juan Tan
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China
| | - Yueliang Yao
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhicheng He
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoqing Xie
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China
| | - Zexuan Yan
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenjuan Fu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanxia Wang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China
| | - Tao Luo
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiuwu Bian
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China
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170
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Iahtisham-Ul-Haq, Khan S, Awan KA, Iqbal MJ. Sulforaphane as a potential remedy against cancer: Comprehensive mechanistic review. J Food Biochem 2021; 46:e13886. [PMID: 34350614 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sulforaphane belongs to the active class of isothiocyanates capable of delivering various biological benefits for health promotion and disease prevention. This compound is considered vital to curtail numerous metabolic disorders. Various studies have proven its beneficial effects against cancer prevention and its possible utilization as a therapeutic agent in cancer treatment. Understanding the mechanistic pathways and possible interactions at cellular and subcellular levels is key to design and develop cancer therapeutics for humans. In this respect, a number of mechanisms such as modulation of carcinogen metabolism & phase II enzymatic activities, cell cycle arrest, activation of Nrf2, cytotoxic, proapoptotic and apoptotic pathways have been reported to be involved in cancer prevention. This article provides sufficient information by critical analysis to understand the mechanisms involved in cancer prevention attributed to sulforaphane. Furthermore, various clinical studies have also been included for design and development of novel therapies for cancer prevention and cure. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Diet and dietary components are potential tools to address various lifestyle-related disorders. Due to plenty of environmental and cellular toxicants, the chances of cancer prevalence are quite large which are worsen by adopting unhealthy lifestyles. Cancer can be treated with various therapies but those are acquiring side effects causing the patients to suffer the treatment regime. Nutraceuticals and functional foods provide safer options to prevent or delay the onset of cancer. In this regard, sulforaphane is a pivotal compound to be targeted as a potential agent for cancer treatment both in preventive and therapeutic regimes. This article provides sufficient evidence via discussing the underlying mechanisms of positive effects of sulforaphane to further the research for developing anticancer drugs that will help assuage this lethal morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iahtisham-Ul-Haq
- School of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Minhaj University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sipper Khan
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Tropics and Subtropics Group, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Kanza Aziz Awan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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171
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Wu Q, Berglund AE, Etame AB. The Impact of Epigenetic Modifications on Adaptive Resistance Evolution in Glioblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8324. [PMID: 34361090 PMCID: PMC8347012 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly lethal cancer that is universally refractory to the standard multimodal therapies of surgical resection, radiation, and chemotherapy treatment. Temozolomide (TMZ) is currently the best chemotherapy agent for GBM, but the durability of response is epigenetically dependent and often short-lived secondary to tumor resistance. Therapies that can provide synergy to chemoradiation are desperately needed in GBM. There is accumulating evidence that adaptive resistance evolution in GBM is facilitated through treatment-induced epigenetic modifications. Epigenetic alterations of DNA methylation, histone modifications, and chromatin remodeling have all been implicated as mechanisms that enhance accessibility for transcriptional activation of genes that play critical roles in GBM resistance and lethality. Hence, understanding and targeting epigenetic modifications associated with GBM resistance is of utmost priority. In this review, we summarize the latest updates on the impact of epigenetic modifications on adaptive resistance evolution in GBM to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wu
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Anders E. Berglund
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Arnold B. Etame
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
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172
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Zhao P, Li T, Wang Y, Wang Y, Gu Q, Li Z. LncRNA MYCNOS promotes glioblastoma cell proliferation by regulating miR-216b/FOXM1 axis. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:1185-1189. [PMID: 33871770 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00729-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
MYCNOS is an oncogenic lncRNA in liver cancer, but its role in glioblastoma (GBM) is unknown. We predicted that MYCNOS might interact with miR-216b, which targets FOXM1 to perform tumor suppressive roles. This study was performed to analyze the role of MYCNOS in GBM and explore its potential interactions with miR-216b and FOXM1. MYCNOS expression in paired GBM and non-tumor tissues from 62 GBM patients was analyzed by RT-qPCR. The interaction between MYCNOS and miR-216b was predicted by IntaRNA 2.0 and confirmed by dual luciferase activity assay. Overexpression of MYCNOS, miR-216b, and FOXM1 was achieved in GBM cells, followed by performing RT-qPCR and Western blot to explore the relationship among them. CCK-8 assay was performed to explore the role of MYCNOS, miR-216b, and FOXM1 in regulating GBM cell proliferation. MYCNOS was upregulated in GBM tissues compared to the paired non-tumor tissues. MYCNOS is predicted to interact with miR-216b, but overexpression of MYCNOS and miR-216b failed to affect each other's expression significantly. Dual luciferase activity assay showed that MYCNOS and miR-216b could directly interact with each other. MYCNOS overexpression increased the expression of FOXM1, which is a direct target of miR-216b. Cell proliferation assay showed that MYCNOS and FOXM1 overexpression resulted in an increased proliferation rate of GBM cells, while miR-216b overexpression suppressed cell proliferation. Moreover, MYCNOS overexpression suppressed the role of miR-216b. MYCNOS may regulate FOXM1 expression of by serving as an endogenous sponge of miR-216b axis to promote the proliferation of GBM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-Care Hospital, No.143 Qilihe North Street, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, 730050, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-Care Hospital, No.143 Qilihe North Street, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, 730050, People's Republic of China
| | - Youliang Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-Care Hospital, No.143 Qilihe North Street, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, 730050, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-Care Hospital, No.143 Qilihe North Street, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, 730050, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Gu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-Care Hospital, No.143 Qilihe North Street, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, 730050, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-Care Hospital, No.143 Qilihe North Street, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, 730050, People's Republic of China.
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173
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Liu Y, Zheng M, Jiao M, Yan C, Xu S, Du Q, Morsch M, Yin J, Shi B. Polymeric nanoparticle mediated inhibition of miR-21 with enhanced miR-124 expression for combinatorial glioblastoma therapy. Biomaterials 2021; 276:121036. [PMID: 34329919 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and fatal form of malignant brain tumor. Despite intensive effort, there is still no effective GBM treatment. Therefore, novel and more effective GBM therapeutic approaches are highly desired. In this study, we combined polymeric nanotechnology with microRNA (miRNA) regulation technology to develop a targeted polymeric nanoparticle to co-deliver anti-miR-21 and miR-124 into the brain to effectively treat GBM. The polymeric nanoparticle decorated with Angiopep-2 peptide not only can encapsulate miRNA via triple-interaction (electrostatic, hydrogen bond and hydrophobic bonding) to protect miRNA against enzyme degradation in the blood, but also is capable of crossing blood brain barrier (BBB) and allowing targeted delivery of miRNAs to GBM tissue due to the dual-targeting function of Angiopep-2. Moreover, the co-delivered anti-miR-21 and miR-124 simultaneously regulated the mutant RAS/PI3K/PTEN/AKT signaling pathway in tumor cells, consequently achieving combinatorial GBM therapy. This combinatorial effect was confirmed by our results showing that these miRNA nanomedicines can effectively reduce tumor cell proliferation, migration and invasion as well as reducing tumor angiogenesis. Consequently, effective suppression of tumor growth and significantly improved medium survival time are observed when these miRNA nanomedicines were assessed in an orthotopic GBM xenograft model. This work indicated that our new polymeric nanoparticles successfully mediate inhibition of miR-21 and miR-124 supplementation to significantly reduce tumorigenesis, and may have strong potential in GBM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Liu
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences & School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Meng Zheng
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences & School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China.
| | - Mingzhu Jiao
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences & School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Chengnan Yan
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences & School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Sen Xu
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences & School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Qiuli Du
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences & School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Marco Morsch
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jinlong Yin
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences & School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Bingyang Shi
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences & School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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174
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Sengul E, Elitas M. Long-term migratory velocity measurements of single glioma cells using microfluidics. Analyst 2021; 146:5143-5149. [PMID: 34282810 DOI: 10.1039/d1an00817j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic platforms enabling single-cell measurements notably contribute to the identification and observation of rare cancer cells that are involved in tumor invasion. Most aggressive, invasive, and heterogeneous glioblastoma cells cause incurable primary brain tumors. Infiltrating gliomas of a brain tumor microenvironment have been intensively studied using conventional assays. Still, quantitative, simple, and precise tools are required for long-term, steady-state migratory-velocity measurements of single glioma cells. To measure long-term velocity changes and investigate the heterogeneity of glioma cells under different growth conditions, we developed a microfluidic platform. We cultured U87 glioma cells in the microfluidic device using either regular growth medium or conditional medium composed of 50% basal medium and 50% macrophage-depleted medium. We microscopically monitored the behavior of 40 glioma cells for 5 days. Using acquired images, we calculated cellular circularity and determined the migratory velocities of glioma cells from 60 h to 120 h. The mean migratory velocity values of the glioma cells were 1.513 μm h-1 in the basal medium and 3.246 μm h-1 in the conditional medium. The circularity values of the glioma cells decreased from 0.20-0.25 to 0.15-0.20 when cultured in the conditional medium. Here, we clearly showed that the glioma cells lost their circularity and increased their steady-state velocities; in other words, they adopted an invasive glioma phenotype in the presence of macrophage-depleted medium. Besides, the heterogeneity of the circularity and the velocity of glioma cells were enhanced in the conditional medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Sengul
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey.
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175
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris McKinnon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Meera Nandhabalan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - Scott A Murray
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, The Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, Primary Palliative Care Research Group, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Puneet Plaha
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
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176
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Belghali MY, Ba-M´hamed S, Admou B, Brahimi M, Khouchani M. [Epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic and evolutionary features of patients with glioblastoma: series of cases managed in the Department of Hematology-Oncology at the Mohammed VI University Hospital Center in Marrakech in 2016 and 2017]. Pan Afr Med J 2021; 39:191. [PMID: 34603572 PMCID: PMC8464204 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2021.39.191.28298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common primary malignant brain tumour. Despite advances in diagnostic and therapeutic treatments, it is still associated with poor outcome The purpose of this study of cases is to describe the epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic and evolutionary features of patients with glioblastoma admitted to the Department of Hematology-Oncology (DHO) in Marrakech in 2016 and 2017. We conducted a literature review of epidemiological, clinical, radiological, anatomopathological, therapeutic and evolutionary data from 40 patients. Glioblastoma accounted for 47.6% of treated intracranial tumours. The average age of patients was 52.4±12.3 years. Functional impotence and signs of intracranial hypertension were the main symptoms. Tumours mainly occurred in the parietal region (44%) and were large (57.5%). Aphasia was related to tumour size (p=0.042). Nine cases had glioblastomas-IDH1-wild and one case had glioblastoma-IDH1-mutant. On admission, patients had poor performance-status. This was due to a prolonged time between surgery and DHO admission (p= 0.034). Patients with sensory impairments were older (62.5±3 years) than those without sensory impairments (51.2±12 years) (p=0,045). In-patient women received chemoradiotherapy (1.5±1 month) earlier than men (2.3±1.2 months) (p=0.03). Survival was 13.6±5.3 months; it was unrelated to the time to surgery (p=0.076), the time to DHO (p=0.058), and the time to chemoradiotherapy (p=0.073). The epidemiological, clinical, radiological and evolutionary features of our sample were comparable to literature data. The molecular profiling was not systematically realized. Despite prolonged treatment times, no link to survival was detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moulay Yassine Belghali
- Laboratoire de Recherche Morpho-Science, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech, Maroc
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Neurobiologie, Anthropologie et Environnement, Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech, Maroc
| | - Saadia Ba-M´hamed
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Neurobiologie, Anthropologie et Environnement, Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech, Maroc
| | - Brahim Admou
- Laboratoire d´Immunologie, Centre de Recherche Clinique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Mohammed VI, Marrakech, Maroc
- Laboratoire de Recherche B2S, Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech, Maroc
| | - Maroua Brahimi
- Laboratoire d´Anatomie Pathologique, Hôpital Mohammed V, Safi, Maroc
| | - Mouna Khouchani
- Laboratoire de Recherche Morpho-Science, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech, Maroc
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177
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Luo C, Song K, Wu S, Hameed NUF, Kudulaiti N, Xu H, Qin ZY, Wu JS. The prognosis of glioblastoma: a large, multifactorial study. Br J Neurosurg 2021; 35:555-561. [PMID: 34236262 DOI: 10.1080/02688697.2021.1907306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Glioblastoma is the most common and fatal primary brain tumor in adults. Even with maximal resection and a series of postoperative adjuvant treatments, the median overall survival (OS) of glioblastoma patients remains approximately 15 months. The Huashan Hospital glioma bank contains more than 2000 glioma tissue samples with long-term follow-up data; almost half of these samples are from glioblastoma patients. Several large glioma databases with long-term follow-up data have reported outcomes of glioblastoma patients from countries other than China. We investigated the prognosis of glioblastoma patients in China and compared the survival outcomes among patients from different databases. METHODS The data for 967 glioblastoma patients who underwent surgery at Huashan Hospital and had long-term follow-up records were obtained from our glioma registry (diagnosed from 29 March 2010, through 7 June 2017). Patients were eligible for inclusion if they underwent surgical resection for newly diagnosed glioblastomas and had available data of survival and personal information. Data of 778 glioblastoma patients were collected from three separate online databases (448 patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA, https://cancergenome.nih.gov), 191 from REpository for Molecular BRAin Neoplasia DaTa (REMBRANDT) database (GSE108476) and 132 from data set GSE16011(Hereafter called as the French database). We compared the prognosis of glioblastoma patients from records among the different databases and the changes in survival outcomes of glioblastoma patients from Huashan Hospital over an 8-year period. RESULTS The median OS of glioblastoma patients was 16.3 (95% CI: 15.4-17.2) months for Huashan Hospital, 13.8 (95% CI: 12.9-14.9) months for TCGA, 19.3 (95% CI: 17.0-20.0) months for the REMBRANDT database, and 9.1 months for the French database. The median OS of glioblastoma patients from Huashan Hospital improved from 15.6 (2010-2013, 95% CI: 14.4-16.6) months to 18.2 (2014-2017, 95% CI: 15.8-20.6) months over the study period (2010-2017). In addition, the prognosis of glioblastoma patients with total resection was significantly better than that of glioblastoma patients with sub-total resection or biopsy. CONCLUSIONS Our study confirms that treatment centered around maximal surgical resection brought survival benefits to glioblastoma patients after adjusting to validated prognostic factors. In addition, an improvement in prognosis was observed among glioblastoma patients from Huashan Hospital over the course of our study. We attributed it to the adoption of a new standard of neurosurgical treatment on the basis of neurosurgical multimodal technologies. Even though the prognosis of glioblastoma patients remains poor, gradual progress is being made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuai Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - N U Farrukh Hameed
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Nijiati Kudulaiti
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Qin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Song Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China
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178
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Liu D, Chen J, Hu X, Yang K, Liu Y, Hu G, Ge H, Zhang W, Liu H. Imaging-Genomics in Glioblastoma: Combining Molecular and Imaging Signatures. Front Oncol 2021; 11:699265. [PMID: 34295824 PMCID: PMC8290166 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.699265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on artificial intelligence (AI), computer-assisted medical diagnosis can scientifically and efficiently deal with a large quantity of medical imaging data. AI technologies including deep learning have shown remarkable progress across medical image recognition and genome analysis. Imaging-genomics attempts to explore the associations between potential gene expression patterns and specific imaging phenotypes. These associations provide potential cellular pathophysiology information, allowing sampling of the lesion habitat with high spatial resolution. Glioblastoma (GB) poses spatial and temporal heterogeneous characteristics, challenging to current precise diagnosis and treatments for the disease. Imaging-genomics provides a powerful tool for non-invasive global assessment of GB and its response to treatment. Imaging-genomics also has the potential to advance our understanding of underlying cancer biology, gene alterations, and corresponding biological processes. This article reviews the recent progress in the utilization of the imaging-genomics analysis in GB patients, focusing on its implications and prospects in individualized diagnosis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongming Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiu Chen
- Institute of Neuropsychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Fourth Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Brain Sciences, The Affilated Nanjing Brain Hosptial of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinhua Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Brain Sciences, The Affilated Nanjing Brain Hosptial of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guanjie Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Honglin Ge
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenbin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Brain Sciences, The Affilated Nanjing Brain Hosptial of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongyi Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Brain Sciences, The Affilated Nanjing Brain Hosptial of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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179
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Martinez-Useros J, Martin-Galan M, Florez-Cespedes M, Garcia-Foncillas J. Epigenetics of Most Aggressive Solid Tumors: Pathways, Targets and Treatments. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3209. [PMID: 34198989 PMCID: PMC8267921 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Highly aggressive tumors are characterized by a highly invasive phenotype, and they display chemoresistance. Furthermore, some of the tumors lack expression of biomarkers for target therapies. This is the case of small-cell lung cancer, triple-negative breast cancer, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, glioblastoma, metastatic melanoma, and advanced ovarian cancer. Unfortunately, these patients show a low survival rate and most of the available drugs are ineffective. In this context, epigenetic modifications have emerged to provide the causes and potential treatments for such types of tumors. Methylation and hydroxymethylation of DNA, and histone modifications, are the most common targets of epigenetic therapy, to influence gene expression without altering the DNA sequence. These modifications could impact both oncogenes and tumor suppressor factors, which influence several molecular pathways such as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, WNT/β-catenin, PI3K-mTOR, MAPK, or mismatch repair machinery. However, epigenetic changes are inducible and reversible events that could be influenced by some environmental conditions, such as UV exposure, smoking habit, or diet. Changes in DNA methylation status and/or histone modification, such as acetylation, methylation or phosphorylation, among others, are the most important targets for epigenetic cancer therapy. Therefore, the present review aims to compile the basic information of epigenetic modifications, pathways and factors, and provide a rationale for the research and treatment of highly aggressive tumors with epigenetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Martinez-Useros
- Translational Oncology Division, OncoHealth Institute, Fundacion Jimenez Diaz University Hospital, Avenida Reyes Catolicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Mario Martin-Galan
- Translational Oncology Division, OncoHealth Institute, Fundacion Jimenez Diaz University Hospital, Avenida Reyes Catolicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | | | - Jesus Garcia-Foncillas
- Translational Oncology Division, OncoHealth Institute, Fundacion Jimenez Diaz University Hospital, Avenida Reyes Catolicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
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180
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Yoon N, Kim HS, Lee JW, Lee EJ, Maeng LS, Yoon WS. Targeted Genomic Sequencing Reveals Different Evolutionary Patterns Between Locally and Distally Recurrent Glioblastomas. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2021; 17:803-812. [PMID: 33099481 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Glioblastoma is the most malignant form of astrocytoma. The purpose of this study was to analyze the genetic characteristics of primary and recurrent glioblastomas using targeted sequencing and investigate the differences in mutational profiles between the locations of tumor recurrence. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fourteen glioblastoma patients who developed local (n=10) or distal (n=4) recurrence were included in the study. Targeted sequencing analysis was performed using the primary (n=14) and corresponding recurrent (n=14) tumor tissue samples. RESULTS The local and distal recurrence groups showed different genetic evolutionary patterns. Most of the locally recurrent glioblastomas demonstrated concordant mutational profiles between the primary and recurrent tumors, suggesting a linear evolution. In contrast, all cases of distally recurrent glioblastomas showed changes in mutational profiles with newly acquired mutations when compared to the corresponding primary tumors, suggesting a branching evolution. CONCLUSION Locally and distally recurrent glioblastomas exhibit different evolutionary patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nara Yoon
- Department of Pathology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Soo Kim
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Whee Lee
- Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Jin Lee
- Institute of Catholic Integrative Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Lee-So Maeng
- Department of Pathology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan Soo Yoon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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Gheidari F, Arefian E, Adegani FJ, Kalhori MR, Seyedjafari E, Kabiri M, Teimoori-Toolabi L, Soleimani M. miR-424 induces apoptosis in glioblastoma cells and targets AKT1 and RAF1 oncogenes from the ERBB signaling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 906:174273. [PMID: 34153339 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a lethal and incurable cancer. Tumor suppressor miRNAs are promising gene therapy tools for cancer treatment. In silico, we predicted miR-424 as a tumor suppressor. It had several target genes from the epidermal growth factor receptor (ERBB) signaling pathway that are overactive in most glioblastoma cases. We overexpressed miR-424 by lentiviral transduction of U-251 and U-87 glioblastoma cells confirmed with fluorescent microscopy and real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). Then the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) proliferation assay and scratch wound migration assay were performed to investigate the miR-424 tumor suppressor effect in glioblastoma. miR-424's effect on glioblastoma apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest was verified using Annexin V- phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and 7-minoactinomycin D (7-AAD) apoptosis assay and cell-cycle assay. miR-424 predicted target genes mRNA and protein level were measured after miR-424 overexpression in comparison to the control group by qRT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. We confirmed miR-424 direct target genes by dual-luciferase reporter assay. miR-424 overexpression significantly suppressed cell proliferation and migration rate in glioblastoma cells based on the MTT and scratch assays. Flow cytometry results confirmed that miR-424 promotes apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest in glioblastoma cells. Predicted target genes of miR-424 from the ERBB pathway were downregulated by miR-424 overexpression. qRT-PCR and western blotting showed that KRAS, RAF1, MAP2K1, EGFR, PDGFRA, AKT1, and mTOR mRNA expression levels and KRAS, RAF1, MAP2K1, EGFR, and AKT1 protein level, respectively, had significantly decreased as a result of miR-424 overexpression in comparison to the control group. Dual-luciferase reporter assay confirmed that miR-424 directly targets RAF1 and AKT1 oncogenes. Overall, miR-424 acts as tumor suppressor miRNA in glioblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Gheidari
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ehsan Arefian
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Pediatric Cell Therapy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Jamshidi Adegani
- Laboratory for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Natural and Medicinal Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman.
| | - Mohammad Reza Kalhori
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Ehsan Seyedjafari
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahboubeh Kabiri
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ladan Teimoori-Toolabi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Masoud Soleimani
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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182
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Jafari SH, Rabiei N, Taghizadieh M, Mirazimi SMA, Kowsari H, Farzin MA, Razaghi Bahabadi Z, Rezaei S, Mohammadi AH, Alirezaei Z, Dashti F, Nejati M. Joint application of biochemical markers and imaging techniques in the accurate and early detection of glioblastoma. Pathol Res Pract 2021; 224:153528. [PMID: 34171601 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a primary brain tumor with the most metastatic effect in adults. Despite the wide range of multidimensional treatments, tumor heterogeneity is one of the main causes of tumor spread and gives great complexity to diagnostic and therapeutic methods. Therefore, featuring noble noninvasive prognostic methods that are focused on glioblastoma heterogeneity is perceived as an urgent need. Imaging neuro-oncological biomarkers including MGMT (O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase) promoter methylation status, tumor grade along with other tumor characteristics and demographic features (e.g., age) are commonly referred to during diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic processes. Therefore, the use of new noninvasive prognostic methods focused on glioblastoma heterogeneity is considered an urgent need. Some neuronal biomarkers, including the promoter methylation status of the promoter MGMT, the characteristics and grade of the tumor, along with the patient's demographics (such as age and sex) are involved in diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Among the wide array of imaging techniques, magnetic resonance imaging combined with the more physiologically detailed technique of H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy can be useful in diagnosing neurological cancer patients. In addition, intracranial tumor qualitative analysis and sometimes tumor biopsies help in accurate diagnosis. This review summarizes the evidence for biochemical biomarkers being a reliable biomarker in the early detection and disease management in GBM. Moreover, we highlight the correlation between Imaging techniques and biochemical biomarkers and ask whether they can be combined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Hamed Jafari
- Medical Imaging Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nikta Rabiei
- School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghizadieh
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Center for Women's Health Research Zahra, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sayad Mohammad Ali Mirazimi
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hamed Kowsari
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Farzin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Zahra Razaghi Bahabadi
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Samaneh Rezaei
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Mohammadi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Zahra Alirezaei
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Paramedical School, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Dashti
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Majid Nejati
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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Rosso DA, Rosato M, Iturrizaga J, González N, Shiromizu CM, Keitelman IA, Coronel JV, Gómez FD, Amaral MM, Rabadan AT, Salamone GV, Jancic CC. Glioblastoma cells potentiate the induction of the Th1-like profile in phosphoantigen-stimulated γδ T lymphocytes. J Neurooncol 2021; 153:403-415. [PMID: 34125375 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-021-03787-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE γδ T lymphocytes are non-conventional T cells that participate in protective immunity and tumor surveillance. In healthy humans, the main subset of circulating γδ T cells express the TCRVγ9Vδ2. This subset responds to non-peptide prenyl-pyrophosphate antigens such as (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-enyl pyrophosphate (HMBPP). This unique feature of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells makes them a candidate for anti-tumor immunotherapy. In this study, we investigated the response of HMBPP-activated Vγ9Vδ2 T lymphocytes to glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells. METHODS Human purified γδ T cells were stimulated with HMBPP (1 µM) and incubated with GBM cells (U251, U373 and primary GBM cultures) or their conditioned medium. After overnight incubation, expression of CD69 and perforin was evaluated by flow cytometry and cytokines production by ELISA. As well, we performed a meta-analysis of transcriptomic data obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas. RESULTS HMBPP-stimulated γδ T cells cultured with GBM or its conditioned medium increased CD69, intracellular perforin, IFN-γ, and TNF-α production. A meta-analysis of transcriptomic data showed that GBM patients display better overall survival when mRNA TRGV9, the Vγ9 chain-encoding gene, was expressed in high levels. Moreover, its expression was higher in low-grade GBM compared to GBM. Interestingly, there was an association between γδ T cell infiltrates and TNF-α expression in the tumor microenvironment. CONCLUSION GBM cells enhanced Th1-like profile differentiation in phosphoantigen-stimulated γδ T cells. Our results reinforce data that have demonstrated the implication of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in the control of GBM, and this knowledge is fundamental to the development of immunotherapeutic protocols to treat GBM based on γδ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Rosso
- Instituto de Medicina Experimental - CONICET - Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Micaela Rosato
- Instituto de Medicina Experimental - CONICET - Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan Iturrizaga
- División Neurocirugía, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas A Lanari, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nazareno González
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED) - Universidad de Buenos Aires - CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina M Shiromizu
- Instituto de Medicina Experimental - CONICET - Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Irene A Keitelman
- Instituto de Medicina Experimental - CONICET - Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan V Coronel
- Instituto de Medicina Experimental - CONICET - Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando D Gómez
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatogenia, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María M Amaral
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatogenia, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandra T Rabadan
- División Neurocirugía, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas A Lanari, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela V Salamone
- Instituto de Medicina Experimental - CONICET - Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina C Jancic
- Instituto de Medicina Experimental - CONICET - Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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184
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Groblewska M, Mroczko B. Pro- and Antiangiogenic Factors in Gliomas: Implications for Novel Therapeutic Possibilities. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116126. [PMID: 34200145 PMCID: PMC8201226 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis, a complex, multistep process of forming new blood vessels, plays crucial role in normal development, embryogenesis, and wound healing. Malignant tumors characterized by increased proliferation also require new vasculature to provide an adequate supply of oxygen and nutrients for developing tumor. Gliomas are among the most frequent primary tumors of the central nervous system (CNS), characterized by increased new vessel formation. The processes of neoangiogenesis, necessary for glioma development, are mediated by numerous growth factors, cytokines, chemokines and other proteins. In contrast to other solid tumors, some biological conditions, such as the blood–brain barrier and the unique interplay between immune microenvironment and tumor, represent significant challenges in glioma therapy. Therefore, the objective of the study was to present the role of various proangiogenic factors in glioma angiogenesis as well as the differences between normal and tumoral angiogenesis. Another goal was to present novel therapeutic options in oncology approaches. We performed a thorough search via the PubMed database. In this paper we describe various proangiogenic factors in glioma vasculature development. The presented paper also reviews various antiangiogenic factors necessary in maintaining equilibrium between pro- and antiangiogenic processes. Furthermore, we present some novel possibilities of antiangiogenic therapy in this type of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Groblewska
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, University Hospital in Białystok, 15-269 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Barbara Mroczko
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, University Hospital in Białystok, 15-269 Białystok, Poland;
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Białystok, 15-269 Białystok, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-858318785
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185
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Nie S, Zhu Y, Yang J, Xin T, Xue S, Zhang X, Sun J, Mu D, Gao Y, Chen Z, Ding X, Yu J, Hu M. Determining optimal clinical target volume margins in high-grade glioma based on microscopic tumor extension and magnetic resonance imaging. Radiat Oncol 2021; 16:97. [PMID: 34098965 PMCID: PMC8186169 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-021-01819-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction In this study, we performed a consecutive macropathologic analysis to assess microscopic extension (ME) in high-grade glioma (HGG) to determine appropriate clinical target volume (CTV) margins for radiotherapy. Materials and methods The study included HGG patients with tumors located in non-functional areas, and supratotal resection was performed. The ME distance from the edge of the tumor to the microscopic tumor cells surrounding brain tissue was measured. Associations between the extent of ME and clinicopathological characteristics were evaluated by multivariate linear regression (MVLR) analysis. An ME predictive model was developed based on the MVLR model. Results Between June 2017 and July 2019, 652 pathologic slides obtained from 30 HGG patients were analyzed. The mean ME distance was 1.70 cm (range, 0.63 to 2.87 cm). The MVLR analysis identified that pathologic grade, subventricular zone (SVZ) contact and O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) methylation, isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation and 1p/19q co-deletion status were independent variables predicting ME (all P < 0.05). A multivariable prediction model was developed as follows: YME = 0.672 + 0.513XGrade + 0.380XSVZ + 0.439XMGMT + 0.320XIDH + 0.333X1p/19q. The R-square value of goodness of fit was 0.780. The receiver operating characteristic curve proved that the area under the curve was 0.964 (P < 0.001). Conclusion ME was heterogeneously distributed across different grades of gliomas according to the tumor location and molecular marker status, which indicated that CTV delineation should be individualized. The model could predict the ME of HGG, which may help clinicians determine the CTV for individual patients. Trial registration The trial was registered with Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2100046106). Registered 4 May 2021-Retrospectively registered. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13014-021-01819-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulun Nie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao Road 6699, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jiyan Road 440, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufang Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jiyan Road 440, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Xin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Xue
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jiyan Road 440, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianbin Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jiyan Road 440, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jujie Sun
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Dianbin Mu
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongsheng Gao
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoqiu Chen
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingchen Ding
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jiyan Road 440, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinming Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao Road 6699, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jiyan Road 440, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Man Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao Road 6699, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jiyan Road 440, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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Vallée A, Lecarpentier Y, Vallée JN. Opposed Interplay between IDH1 Mutations and the WNT/β-Catenin Pathway: Added Information for Glioma Classification. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9060619. [PMID: 34070746 PMCID: PMC8229353 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9060619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the main common primary intraparenchymal brain tumor in the central nervous system (CNS), with approximately 7% of the death caused by cancers. In the WHO 2016 classification, molecular dysregulations are part of the definition of particular brain tumor entities for the first time. Nevertheless, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Several studies have shown that 75% to 80% of secondary glioblastoma (GBM) showed IDH1 mutations, whereas only 5% of primary GBM have IDH1 mutations. IDH1 mutations lead to better overall survival in gliomas patients. IDH1 mutations are associated with lower stimulation of the HIF-1α a, aerobic glycolysis and angiogenesis. The stimulation of HIF-1α and the process of angiogenesis appears to be activated only when hypoxia occurs in IDH1-mutated gliomas. In contrast, the observed upregulation of the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway in gliomas is associated with proliferation, invasion, aggressive-ness and angiogenesis.. Molecular pathways of the malignancy process are involved in early stages of WNT/β-catenin pathway-activated-gliomas, and this even under normoxic conditions. IDH1 mutations lead to decreased activity of the WNT/β-catenin pathway and its enzymatic targets. The opposed interplay between IDH1 mutations and the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway in gliomas could participate in better understanding of the observed evolution of different tumors and could reinforce the glioma classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Vallée
- Department of Clinical Research and Innovation, Foch Hospital, 92150 Suresnes, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Yves Lecarpentier
- Centre de Recherche Clinique, Grand Hôpital de l’Est Francilien (GHEF), 77100 Meaux, France;
| | - Jean-Noël Vallée
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Amiens Picardie, Université Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), 80000 Amiens, France;
- Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Applications (LMA), UMR CNRS 7348, Université de Poitiers, 86000 Poitiers, France
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187
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Role of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio as a predictive factor of glioma tumor grade: A systematic review. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2021; 163:103372. [PMID: 34062242 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the main type of intra-axial primary brain tumors. We performed a systematic review of studies on the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and its role in the prognosis of patients with gliomas. An English-language literature-based search, using the PubMed and Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde databases, was conducted for papers published until May 2, 2020. The quality of the selected articles was stratified using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale's criteria. We found 137 publications for a query string. After applying the inclusion criteria, 13 articles were selected. Seven studies assessed overall survival and found high NLR values associated with poor overall survival. Six studies approached the issue of tumor grading and differential diagnosis and demonstrated that patients with high NLR values were diagnosed with high-grade gliomas. NLR is a low-cost method and an effective prognostic factor associated with tumor grading and OS in patients with gliomas.
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188
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Hou Y, Xu Y, Wu D. ADAMTS12 acts as a tumor microenvironment related cancer promoter in gastric cancer. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10996. [PMID: 34040054 PMCID: PMC8154915 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90330-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The infiltration degree of immune and stromal cells has been shown clinically significant in tumor microenvironment (TME). However, the utility of stromal and immune components in Gastric cancer (GC) has not been investigated in detail. In the present study, ESTIMATE and CIBERSORT algorithms were applied to calculate the immune/stromal scores and the proportion of tumor-infiltrating immune cell (TIC) in GC cohort, including 415 cases from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened by Cox proportional hazard regression analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction. Then ADAMTS12 was regarded as one of the most predictive factors. Further analysis showed that ADAMTS12 expression was significantly higher in tumor samples and correlated with poor prognosis. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) indicated that in high ADAMTS12 expression group gene sets were mainly enriched in cancer and immune-related activities. In the low ADAMTS12 expression group, the genes were enriched in the oxidative phosphorylation pathway. CIBERSORT analysis for the proportion of TICs revealed that ADAMTS12 expression was positively correlated with Macrophages M0/M1/M2 and negatively correlated with T cells follicular helper. Therefore, ADAMTS12 might be a tumor promoter and responsible for TME status and tumor energy metabolic conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangming Hou
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246 Xuefu Avenue, Harbin, 150086, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yingjuan Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, No. 126 Xiantai Avenue, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Dequan Wu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246 Xuefu Avenue, Harbin, 150086, Heilongjiang, China.
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189
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Jiang Z, Shi Y, Zhao W, Zhang Y, Xie Y, Zhang B, Tan G, Wang Z. Development of an Immune-Related Prognostic Index Associated With Glioblastoma. Front Neurol 2021; 12:610797. [PMID: 34093386 PMCID: PMC8172186 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.610797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Although the tumor microenvironment (TME) is known to influence the prognosis of glioblastoma (GBM), the underlying mechanisms are not clear. This study aims to identify hub genes in the TME that affect the prognosis of GBM. Methods: The transcriptome profiles of the central nervous systems of GBM patients were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The ESTIMATE scoring algorithm was used to calculate immune and stromal scores. The application of these scores in histology classification was tested. Univariate Cox regression analysis was conducted to identify genes with prognostic value. Subsequently, functional enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis were performed to reveal the pathways and biological functions associated with the genes. Next, these prognosis genes were validated in an independent GBM cohort from the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA). Finally, the efficacy of current antitumor drugs targeting these genes against glioma was evaluated. Results: Gene expression profiles and clinical data of 309 GBM samples were obtained from TCGA database. Higher immune and stromal scores were found to be significantly correlated with tissue type and poor overall survival (OS) (p = 0.15 and 0.77, respectively). Functional enrichment analysis identified 860 upregulated and 162 downregulated cross genes, which were mainly linked to immune response, inflammatory response, cell membrane, and receptor activity. Survival analysis identified 228 differentially expressed genes associated with the prognosis of GBM (p ≤ 0.05). A total of 48 hub genes were identified by the Cytoscape tool, and pathway enrichment analysis of the genes was performed using Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID). The 228 genes were validated in an independent GBM cohort from the CGGA. In total, 10 genes were found to be significantly associated with prognosis of GBM. Finally, 14 antitumor drugs were identified by drug-gene interaction analysis. Conclusions: Here, 10 TME-related genes and 14 corresponding antitumor agents were found to be associated with the prognosis and OS of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengye Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- School of Medicine, Institute of Neurosurgery, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yanxi Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Jiaxing Second Hospital, Jiaxing, China
| | - Wenpeng Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- School of Medicine, Institute of Neurosurgery, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yaya Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- School of Medicine, Institute of Neurosurgery, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- School of Medicine, Institute of Neurosurgery, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Bingchang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- School of Medicine, Institute of Neurosurgery, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Guowei Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- School of Medicine, Institute of Neurosurgery, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhanxiang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- School of Medicine, Institute of Neurosurgery, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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190
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He Q, Li L, Ren Q. The Prognostic Value of Preoperative Systemic Inflammatory Response Index (SIRI) in Patients With High-Grade Glioma and the Establishment of a Nomogram. Front Oncol 2021; 11:671811. [PMID: 34055639 PMCID: PMC8162213 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.671811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The predictive value of systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI) was confirmed in some malignant tumors. However, few studies investigated the prognostic value of SIRI in high-grade gliomas. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic relationship of preoperative SIRI in high-grade gliomas and established a nomogram accordingly. Methods Data of operable high-grade glioma patients were analyzed. Kaplan-Meier, log-rank test, cox regression and propensity score matching (PSM) analysis were used to analyze survival. ROC curve and area under the curve (AUC) were used to compare the ability of preoperative SIRI, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and monocyte-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) to predict prognosis. A nomogram based on the results was established. The consistency index (C-index) was calculated and a calibration curve was drawn.The prediction effect of the nomogram and WHO grade was compared by AUC. Results A total of 105 patients were included. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the overall survival (OS) of grade III gliomas patients with lower preoperative SIRI (SIRI<1.26) was significantly prolonged (p=0.037), and grade IV gliomas patients with lower preoperative SIRI had a tendency to obtain longer OS (p = 0.107). Cox regression showed preoperative SIRI was an independent prognostic factor for grade IV and grade III glioma, however, in IDH mutant-type IV gliomas, patients with lower SIRI only showed a tendency to obtain better OS. Similar results were obtained in PSM. The prognostic value of SIRI were better than PLR and MLR by ROC analysis. And in grade IV gliomas, the predictive value of SIRI was better than NLR. The nomogram established based on preoperative SIRI, age, extent of resection, number of gliomas, MGMT methylation status and histological types (only in grade III gliomas) could predict the prognosis more accurately. Conclusion SIRI was valuable for prognosis prediction in high-grade glioma. The nomogram covering SIRI could more accurately predict the survival rate in operable high-grade glioma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian He
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Longhao Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qinglan Ren
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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191
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Kim JH. Prognostic and predictive markers in glioblastoma and ALK overexpression. J Pathol Transl Med 2021; 55:236-237. [PMID: 34015889 PMCID: PMC8141965 DOI: 10.4132/jptm.2021.04.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jang-Hee Kim
- Departments of Pathology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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192
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Zhao L, Wang Y, Xu Y, Sun Q, Liu H, Chen Q, Liu B. BIRB796, an Inhibitor of p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase, Inhibits Proliferation and Invasion in Glioblastoma Cells. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:11466-11473. [PMID: 34056302 PMCID: PMC8154025 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant tumor, and it is characterized by high cellular proliferation and invasion in the central nervous system of adults. Due to its high degree of heterogeneity and mortality, there is no effective therapy for GBM. In our study, we investigated the effect of the p38-MAPK signaling pathway inhibitor BIRB796 on GBM cells. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EDU) staining, and cell cycle distribution analysis were performed, and the results showed that BIRB796 decreased proliferation in U87 and U251 cells. Moreover, wound healing and invasion assays were performed, which showed that BIRB796 inhibited the migration and invasion of human GBM cells. We found that BIRB796 treatment significantly decreased the formation of the cytoskeleton and thus downregulated the movement ability of the cells, as shown by phalloidin staining and vimentin immunofluorescence staining. Real-time polymerase chain reaction showed that the mRNA levels of MMP-2, Vimentin, CyclinD1, and Snail-1 were downregulated. Consistently, the expressions of MMP-2, Vimentin, CyclinD1, and p-p38 were also decreased after BIRB796 treatment. Taken together, all our results demonstrated that BIRB796 could play an antitumor role by inhibiting the proliferation and invasion in GBM cells. Thus, BIRB796 may be used as an adjuvant therapy to improve the therapeutic efficacy of GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyao Zhao
- Department
of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan
University, Hubei 430060, China
- Central
Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, PR China
| | - Yixuan Wang
- Department
of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan
University, Hubei 430060, China
- Central
Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, PR China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department
of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan
University, Hubei 430060, China
- Central
Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, PR China
| | - Qian Sun
- Department
of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan
University, Hubei 430060, China
- Central
Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, PR China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department
of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan
University, Hubei 430060, China
- Central
Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, PR China
| | - Qianxue Chen
- Department
of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan
University, Hubei 430060, China
- Central
Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, PR China
| | - Baohui Liu
- Department
of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan
University, Hubei 430060, China
- Central
Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, PR China
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193
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Zhou Z, Zheng X, Mei X, Li W, Qi S, Deng Y, Lei B. Hsa_circ_0080229 upregulates the expression of murine double minute-2 (MDM2) and promotes glioma tumorigenesis and invasion via the miR-1827 sponging mechanism. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:762. [PMID: 34268375 PMCID: PMC8246201 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-7123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Glioma is the most common and fatal primary cranial tumor. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays an important role in the occurrence and treatment of glioma, which might function through a circular ribonucleic acid (circRNA)-related mechanism. Hsa_circ_0080229 (circ_0080229) has been identified as a circRNA arising from an EGFR gene in gliomas; however, little is known about its molecular mechanism to date. Methods To address this question, a series of experiments were conducted to confirm the effect of circ_0080229 in gliomas and identify the downstream mechanism. A quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis and in-situ hybridization/fluorescence in-situ hybridization (ISH/FISH) testing were performed to identify the expression of circ_0080229 in patient samples. Bioinformatic analysis was carried out to explore the possible mechanism. Next, a series of in-vitro functional assays and in-vivo assays with a xenograft subcutaneous glioma model was carried out to confirm the effect of circ_0080229. Finally, qRT-PCR analysis and a Western Blot analysis were performed to verify the related mechanism. Results The expression of circ_0080229 was upregulated in both glioma tissues and cell lines related to unfavorable clinicopathologic characteristics. The expression of circ_0080229 was found to be inversely correlated with miR-1827, a micro-ribonucleic acid (miRNA) targeting murine double minute-2 (MDM2). The downregulation of circ_0080229 inhibited gliomas in vivo and suppressed U87 and U251 cell lines in vitro, which the transfection of the miR-1827 inhibitor could reverse. Concerning the mechanism, a block of circ_0080229 decreased MDM2 expression, while the inhibition of miR-1827 reversed this effect. Thus, circ_0080229 appears to target the downstream miR-1827/MDM2 signaling pathway. Conclusions Our results showed that the silencing of circ_0080229 upregulates the expression of miR-1827, which in turn resulted in the suppression of MDM2, and the mediation of the downstream P53 signaling pathway. Circ_0080229 exerted an effect in mediating tumor progression through the MDM2 signaling pathway by sponging miR-1827. Its importance as a potential prognostic biomarker in gliomas has thus been established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Xiuyuan Zheng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Mei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wengpeng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Songtao Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuefei Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingxi Lei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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194
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Huang Z, Li G, Li Z, Sun S, Zhang Y, Hou Z, Xie J. Contralesional Structural Plasticity in Different Molecular Pathologic Subtypes of Insular Glioma. Front Neurol 2021; 12:636573. [PMID: 33935941 PMCID: PMC8079625 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.636573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroplasticity may preserve neurologic function in insular glioma, thereby improving prognosis following resection. However, the anatomic and molecular bases of this phenomenon are not known. To address this gap in knowledge, the present study investigated contralesional compensation in different molecular pathologic subtypes of insular glioma by high-resolution three-dimensional T1-weighted structural magnetic resonance imaging. A total of 52 patients with insular glioma were examined. We compared the gray matter volume (GMV) of the contralesional insula according to histological grade [low-grade glioma (LGG) and high-grade glioma (HGG)] and molecular pathology status [isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation, telomerase reverse-transcriptase (TERT) promoter mutation, and 1p19q codeletion] by voxel-based morphometry (VBM). A cluster of 320 voxels in contralesional insula with higher GMV was observed in glioma with IDH mutation as compared to IDH wild-type tumors by region of interest-based VBM analysis (family-wise error-corrected at p < 0.05). The GMV of the entire contralesional insula was also larger in insular glioma patients with IDH mutation than in patients with wild-type IDH. However, there was no association between histological grade, TERT promoter mutation, or 1p19q codeletion and GMV in the contralesional insula. Thus, IDH mutation is associated with greater structural compensation in insular glioma. These findings may be useful for predicting neurocognitive and functional outcomes in patients undergoing resection surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxing Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Centre for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Gen Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Centre for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenye Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Centre for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Shengjun Sun
- China National Clinical Research Centre for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Neuroimaging Center, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yazhuo Zhang
- China National Clinical Research Centre for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zonggang Hou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Centre for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Centre for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
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195
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Zhang N, Ge M, Jiang T, Peng X, Sun H, Qi X, Zou Z, Li D. An Immune-Related Gene Pairs Signature Predicts Prognosis and Immune Heterogeneity in Glioblastoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:592211. [PMID: 33928021 PMCID: PMC8076680 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.592211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Glioblastoma is one of the most aggressive nervous system neoplasms. Immunotherapy represents a hot spot and has not been included in standard treatments of glioblastoma. So in this study, we aim to filtrate an immune-related gene pairs (IRGPs) signature for predicting survival and immune heterogeneity. Methods We used gene expression profiles and clinical information of glioblastoma patients in the TCGA and CGGA datasets, dividing into discovery and validation cohorts. IRGPs significantly correlative with prognosis were selected to conduct an IRGPs signature. Low and high risk groups were separated by this IRGPs signature. Univariate and multivariate cox analysis were adopted to check whether risk can be a independent prognostic factor. Immune heterogeneity between different risk groups was analyzed via immune infiltration and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Some different expressed genes between groups were selected to determine their relationship with immune cells and immune checkpoints. Results We found an IRGPs signature consisting of 5 IRGPs. Different risk based on IRGPs signature is a independent prognostic factor both in the discovery and validation cohorts. High risk group has some immune positive cells and more immune repressive cells than low risk group by means of immune infiltration. We discovered some pathways are more active in the high risk group, leading to immune suppression, drug resistance and tumor evasion. In two specific signaling, some genes are over expressed in high risk group and positive related to immune repressive cells and immune checkpoints, which indicate aggression and immunotherapy resistance. Conclusion We identified a robust IRGPs signature to predict prognosis and immune heterogeneity in glioblastoma patients. Some potential targets and pathways need to be further researched to make different patients benefit from personalized immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nijia Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Ge
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxia Peng
- Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-based Medicine Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Hailang Sun
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Qi
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Zhewei Zou
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Dapeng Li
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
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196
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Cruz Da Silva E, Mercier MC, Etienne-Selloum N, Dontenwill M, Choulier L. A Systematic Review of Glioblastoma-Targeted Therapies in Phases II, III, IV Clinical Trials. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1795. [PMID: 33918704 PMCID: PMC8069979 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), the most frequent and aggressive glial tumor, is currently treated as first line by the Stupp protocol, which combines, after surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. For recurrent GBM, in absence of standard treatment or available clinical trials, various protocols including cytotoxic drugs and/or bevacizumab are currently applied. Despite these heavy treatments, the mean overall survival of patients is under 18 months. Many clinical studies are underway. Based on clinicaltrials.org and conducted up to 1 April 2020, this review lists, not only main, but all targeted therapies in phases II-IV of 257 clinical trials on adults with newly diagnosed or recurrent GBMs for the last twenty years. It does not involve targeted immunotherapies and therapies targeting tumor cell metabolism, that are well documented in other reviews. Without surprise, the most frequently reported drugs are those targeting (i) EGFR (40 clinical trials), and more generally tyrosine kinase receptors (85 clinical trials) and (ii) VEGF/VEGFR (75 clinical trials of which 53 involving bevacizumab). But many other targets and drugs are of interest. They are all listed and thoroughly described, on an one-on-one basis, in four sections related to targeting (i) GBM stem cells and stem cell pathways, (ii) the growth autonomy and migration, (iii) the cell cycle and the escape to cell death, (iv) and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabete Cruz Da Silva
- CNRS, UMR 7021, Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 67401 Illkirch, France; (E.C.D.S.); (M.-C.M.); (N.E.-S.); (M.D.)
| | - Marie-Cécile Mercier
- CNRS, UMR 7021, Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 67401 Illkirch, France; (E.C.D.S.); (M.-C.M.); (N.E.-S.); (M.D.)
| | - Nelly Etienne-Selloum
- CNRS, UMR 7021, Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 67401 Illkirch, France; (E.C.D.S.); (M.-C.M.); (N.E.-S.); (M.D.)
- Service de Pharmacie, Institut de Cancérologie Strasbourg Europe, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Monique Dontenwill
- CNRS, UMR 7021, Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 67401 Illkirch, France; (E.C.D.S.); (M.-C.M.); (N.E.-S.); (M.D.)
| | - Laurence Choulier
- CNRS, UMR 7021, Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 67401 Illkirch, France; (E.C.D.S.); (M.-C.M.); (N.E.-S.); (M.D.)
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197
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Wang WL, Jiang ZR, Hu C, Chen C, Hu ZQ, Wang AL, Wang L, Liu J, Wang WC, Liu QS. Pharmacologically inhibiting phosphoglycerate kinase 1 for glioma with NG52. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:633-640. [PMID: 32737469 PMCID: PMC8115168 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-0465-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of glycolysis process has been an attractive approach for cancer treatment due to the evidence that tumor cells are more dependent on glycolysis rather than oxidative phosphorylation pathway. Preliminary evidence shows that inhibition of phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1) kinase activity would reverse the Warburg effect and make tumor cells lose the metabolic advantage for fueling the proliferation through restoration of the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity and subsequently promotion of pyruvic acid to enter the Krebs cycle in glioma. However, due to the lack of small molecule inhibitors of PGK1 kinase activity to treat glioma, whether PGK1 could be a therapeutic target of glioma has not been pharmacologically verified yet. In this study we developed a high-throughput screening and discovered that NG52, previously known as a yeast cell cycle-regulating kinase inhibitor, could inhibit the kinase activity of PGK1 (the IC50 = 2.5 ± 0.2 μM). We showed that NG52 dose-dependently inhibited the proliferation of glioma U87 and U251 cell lines with IC50 values of 7.8 ± 1.1 and 5.2 ± 0.2 μM, respectively, meanwhile it potently inhibited the proliferation of primary glioma cells. We further revealed that NG52 (12.5-50 μM) effectively inhibited the phosphorylation of PDHK1 at Thr338 site and the phosphorylation of PDH at Ser293 site in U87 and U251 cells, resulting in more pyruvic acid entering the Krebs cycle with increased production of ATP and ROS. Therefore, NG52 could reverse the Warburg effect by inhibiting PGK1 kinase activity, and switched cellular glucose metabolism from anaerobic mode to aerobic mode. In nude mice bearing patient-derived glioma xenograft, oral administration of NG52 (50, 100, 150 mg· kg-1·d-1, for 13 days) dose-dependently suppressed the growth of glioma xenograft. Together, our results demonstrate that targeting PGK1 kinase activity might be a potential strategy for glioma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Liang Wang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Zong-Ru Jiang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Chen Hu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Zhen-Quan Hu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Ao-Li Wang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Li Wang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Jing Liu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.
| | - Wen-Chao Wang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.
- Precision Medicine Research Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230088, China.
| | - Qing-Song Liu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230036, China.
- Precision Medicine Research Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230088, China.
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China.
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198
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Noncoding RNAs in Glioblastoma: Emerging Biological Concepts and Potential Therapeutic Implications. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071555. [PMID: 33800703 PMCID: PMC8037102 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Since the completion of the Human Genome Project, noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have emerged as an important class of genetic regulators. Several classes of ncRNAs, which include microRNAs (miRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), and piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), have been shown to play important roles in controlling developmental and disease processes. In this article, we discuss the potential roles of ncRNAs in regulating glioblastoma (GBM) formation and progression as well as potential strategies to exploit the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of ncRNAs in GBM. Abstract Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have emerged as a novel class of genomic regulators, ushering in a new era in molecular biology. With the advent of advanced genetic sequencing technology, several different classes of ncRNAs have been uncovered, including microRNAs (miRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), and piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), which have been linked to many important developmental and disease processes and are being pursued as clinical and therapeutic targets. Molecular phenotyping studies of glioblastoma (GBM), the most common and lethal cancer of the adult brain, revealed that several ncRNAs are frequently dysregulated in its pathogenesis. Additionally, ncRNAs regulate many important aspects of glioma biology including tumour cell proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and self-renewal. Here, we present an overview of the biogenesis of the different classes of ncRNAs, discuss their biological roles, as well as their relevance to gliomagenesis. We conclude by discussing potential approaches to therapeutically target the ncRNAs in clinic.
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199
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Yang Q, Zhang J, Zhang X, Miao L, Zhang W, Jiang Z, Zhou W. C-C motif chemokine ligand 2/C-C receptor 2 is associated with glioma recurrence and poor survival. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:564. [PMID: 33850536 PMCID: PMC8027722 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have explored the mechanisms of C-C motif chemokine ligand (CCL)2/CC receptor (R)2 function in tumorigenesis and inflammation. However, little is known about the role of CCL2/CCR2 in tumor recurrence, especially after radiotherapy. The present study aimed to determine the association between CCL2/CCR2 and glioma relapse. Moreover, the difference in the expression of CCL2/CCR2 between post-radiation and non-radiation recurrent glioma tissues was compared. A retrospective analysis of 80 patients with glioma who underwent tumor resection twice was performed. Primary group refers to glioma patients who received glioma resection surgery for the first time. Recurrent group refers to glioma patients who received glioma resection surgery after first relapse. In total, 10 patients with brain trauma who underwent partial resection of the normal brain as decompression treatment were used as controls. Protein expression levels of CCL2 and CCR2 were evaluated using immunohistochemistry. Prognostic analyses of patient survival using Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression models were performed. The expression levels of CCL2 and CCR2 were higher in recurrent glioma compared with the primary group. There was a positive correlation between tumor grade and protein expression of CCL2/CCR2. Furthermore, irradiation had a significant effect on CCR2 protein expression (P=0.014), but not on CCL2 protein expression (P=0.626). However, the expression of CCL2 and CCR2 showed no significant difference between primary and secondary glioblastoma. After adjusting for sex, radiotherapy and location of tumors in these gliomas, CCL2 was a prognostic factor for disease-free and overall survival (OS) times, as well as age and tumor grade. In the multivariate Cox modeling for glioma, CCR2 was significantly associated with OS rather than DFI. The significant correlations between CCL2/CCR2 expression and glioma tumor grade suggested that CCL2/CCR2 has a role in glioma progression. Combined with previous in vitro experiments, it was proposed that irradiation (radiotherapy)-induced expression of CCL2 is transient, while irradiation-induced expression of CCR2 is lasting. Therefore, CCL2/CCR2 is a potential therapeutic target for patients with glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuan Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Junpeng Zhang
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250200, P.R. China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Lifeng Miao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dezhou People's Hospital, Dezhou, Shandong 253020, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Qingzhou, Shandong 262500, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
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200
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Cao Y, Wang F, Chen Y, Wang Y, Song H, Long J. CircPITX1 Regulates Proliferation, Angiogenesis, Migration, Invasion, and Cell Cycle of Human Glioblastoma Cells by Targeting miR-584-5p/KPNB1 Axis. J Mol Neurosci 2021; 71:1683-1695. [PMID: 33763840 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-021-01820-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Recent researches reported that several circular RNAs (circRNAs) were associated with the glioblastoma (GBM) progression, while the regulatory role of circPITX1 remains unknown in GBM. The real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to quantify circPITX1, miR-584-5p, and karyopherin b1 (KPNB1) expression in GBM tissues and cells. The proliferation capability of cells was analyzed by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and colony-forming assays. The matrigel angiogenesis assay was used to assess tube formation in GBM cells. Flow cytometry assays were conducted to evaluate the cell cycle distribution of GBM cells. The migration and invasion assays were assessed by transwell assay. The Western blot assay was employed to quantify the protein expression level in GBM tissues and cells. The targets of circPITX1 and miR-584-5p were confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter and RNA pull-down assays. A xenograft experiment in nude mice was used to assess the functional role of circPITX1 in vivo. CircPITX1 was obviously overexpressed in GBM tissues and cells when compared with negative groups. The functional experiment implied that knockdown of circPITX1 suppressed proliferation, angiogenesis, migration, invasion, and tumor growth in vivo along with induced cell cycle arrest of GBM cells. Furthermore, miR-584-5p was a target gene of circPITX1, and knockdown of miR-584-5p could abolish circPITX1 silencing-induced effects on GBM cells. KPNB1 was a target gene of miR-584-5p, and functional experiments revealed that overexpression of miR-584-5p repressed proliferation, angiogenesis, migration, invasion, and cell cycle process in GBM cells by targeting KPNB1. Mechanistically, circPITX1/miR-584-5p/KPNB1 axis regulated GBM process via mediating proliferation, angiogenesis, migration, invasion, and cell cycle process of GBM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqiang Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Hai Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Jiang Long
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China.
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