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Côté-Gravel J, Malouin F. Symposium review: Features of Staphylococcus aureus mastitis pathogenesis that guide vaccine development strategies. J Dairy Sci 2018; 102:4727-4740. [PMID: 30580940 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Bovine mastitis affects animal health and welfare and milk production and quality, and it challenges the economic success of dairy farms. Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most commonly found pathogens in clinical mastitis but it also causes subclinical, persistent, and difficult-to-treat intramammary infections. Because of the failure of conventional antibiotic treatments and increasing pressure and concern from experts and consumers over the use of antibiotics in the dairy industry, many attempts have been made over the years to develop a vaccine for the prevention and control of Staph. aureus intramammary infections. Still, no commercially available vaccine formulation demonstrates sufficient protection and cost-effective potential. Multiple factors account for the lack of protection, including inadequate vaccine targets, high diversity among mastitis-provoking strains, cow-to-cow variation in immune response, and a failure to elicit an immune response that is appropriate for protection against a highly complex pathogen. The purpose of this review is to summarize key concepts related to the pathogenesis of Staph. aureus, and its interaction with the host, as well as to describe recent vaccine development strategies for prevention and control of Staph. aureus mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Côté-Gravel
- Centre d'Étude et de Valorisation de la Diversité Microbienne (CEVDM), Département de biologie, Faculté des sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada, J1K 2R1
| | - François Malouin
- Centre d'Étude et de Valorisation de la Diversité Microbienne (CEVDM), Département de biologie, Faculté des sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada, J1K 2R1.
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152
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Cobo-Ángel C, Jaramillo-Jaramillo AS, Lasso-Rojas LM, Aguilar-Marin SB, Sanchez J, Rodriguez-Lecompte JC, Ceballos-Márquez A, Zadoks RN. Streptococcus agalactiae is not always an obligate intramammary pathogen: Molecular epidemiology of GBS from milk, feces and environment in Colombian dairy herds. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208990. [PMID: 30532177 PMCID: PMC6287850 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
For many years Streptococcus agalactiae has been considered an obligate intramammary and strictly contagious pathogen in dairy cattle. However, recent reports of S. agalactiae isolation from extramammary sources have contradicted that premise. To gain further insight into the epidemiology of S. agalactiae infection in cattle, we examined its distribution and heterogeneity of strains in bovine milk, bovine feces, and the environment in Colombian dairy farms. First, a longitudinal study was conducted at herd level in 152 dairy herds. Bulk tank milk samples from each herd where collected twice a month for six months. A follow-up study with a cross sectional design at the cow level was conducted in a subset of 25 farms positive for S. agalactiae. Cow-level milk samples from 1712 lactatting cows and 1545 rectal samples were collected, as well as 120 environmental samples. Samples were used for S. agalactiae detection and genotyping using Multi Locus Sequence Typing. Results showed sporadic rather than repeated isolation of S. agalactiae from bulk tank milk in 40% of the positive herds, challenging the idea that S. agalactiae is a highly contagious pathogen causing chronic infections. S. agalactiae was isolated from rectal or environmental samples in 32% and 12% of cross-sectional study farms, respectively, demonstrating that the bacteria can survive in extramammary sources and that S. agalactiae is not an obligate intramammary pathogen. The same strain was isolated from rectal and bulk tank milk samples in eight farms, suggesting that fecal shedding is frequent, and contributes to the presence of S. agalactiae in bulk tank. High within-herd heterogeneity of strains was found, which is distinct from the situation in developed dairy industries. These new epidemiological findings should be considered to adjust surveillance and control recommendations for S. agalactiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Cobo-Ángel
- Research Group in Milk Quality and Veterinary Epidemiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, Colombia
- * E-mail:
| | - Ana S. Jaramillo-Jaramillo
- Research Group in Milk Quality and Veterinary Epidemiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, Colombia
| | - Laura M. Lasso-Rojas
- Research Group in Milk Quality and Veterinary Epidemiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, Colombia
| | - Sandra B. Aguilar-Marin
- Research Group in Milk Quality and Veterinary Epidemiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, Colombia
| | - Javier Sanchez
- Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| | - Juan C. Rodriguez-Lecompte
- Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| | - Alejandro Ceballos-Márquez
- Research Group in Milk Quality and Veterinary Epidemiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, Colombia
| | - Ruth N. Zadoks
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Moredun Research Institute, Penicuik, United Kingdom
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153
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Alegbeleye OO, Guimarães JT, Cruz AG, Sant’Ana AS. Hazards of a ‘healthy’ trend? An appraisal of the risks of raw milk consumption and the potential of novel treatment technologies to serve as alternatives to pasteurization. Trends Food Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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154
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Wang R, Li L, Huang T, Huang W, Lei A, Chen M. Capsular Switching and ICE Transformation Occurred in Human Streptococcus agalactiae ST19 With High Pathogenicity to Fish. Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:281. [PMID: 30483518 PMCID: PMC6242859 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS) cross-infection between human and fish has been confirmed in experimental and clinical studies, the mechanisms underlying GBS cross-species infection remain largely unclear. We have found different human GBS ST19 strains exhibiting strong or weak pathogenic to fish (sGBS and wGBS). In this study, our objective was to identify the genetic elements responsible for GBS cross species infection based on genome sequence data and comparative genomics. The genomes of 11 sGBS strains and 11 wGBS strains were sequenced, and the genomic analysis was performed base on pan-genome, CRISPRs, phylogenetic reconstruction and genome comparison. The results from the pan-genome, CRISPRs analysis and phylogenetic reconstruction indicated that genomes between sGBS were more conservative than that of wGBS. The genomic differences between sGBS and wGBS were primarily in the Cps region (about 111 kb) and its adjacent ICE region (about 106 kb). The Cps region included the entire cps operon, and all sGBS were capsular polysaccharide (CPS) type V, while all wGBS were CPS type III. The ICE region of sGBS contained integrative and conjugative elements (ICE) with IQ element and erm(TR), and was very conserved, whereas the ICE region of wGBS contained ICE with mega elements and the variation was large. The capsular switching (III–V) and transformation of ICE adjacent to the Cps region occurred in human GBS ST19 with different pathogenicity to fish, which may be related to the capability of GBS cross-infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, China.,Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Liping Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Ting Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Weiyi Huang
- Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Aiying Lei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, China
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155
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Collis RM, Burgess SA, Biggs PJ, Midwinter AC, French NP, Toombs-Ruane L, Cookson AL. Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae in Dairy Farm Environments: A New Zealand Perspective. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2018; 16:5-22. [PMID: 30418042 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2018.2524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global issue for both human and animal health. Infections caused by antimicrobial-resistant bacteria present treatment option challenges and are often associated with heightened severity of infection. Antimicrobial use (AMU) in human and animal health is a main driver for the development of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. Increasing levels of AMU and the development and spread of AMR in food-producing animals, especially in poultry and swine production, has been identified as a food safety risk, but dairy production systems have been less studied. A number of farm management practices may impact on animal disease and as a result can influence the use of antimicrobials and subsequently AMR prevalence. However, this relationship is multifactorial and complex. Several AMR transmission pathways between dairy cattle, the environment, and humans have been proposed, including contact with manure-contaminated pastures, direct contact, or through the food chain from contaminated animal-derived products. The World Health Organization has defined a priority list for selected bacterial pathogens of concern to human health according to 10 criteria relating to health and AMR. This list includes human pathogens such as the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E), which can be associated with dairy cattle, their environment, as well as animal-derived food products. ESBL-E represent a potential risk to human and animal health and an emerging food safety concern. This review addresses two areas; first, the current understanding of the role of dairy farming in the prevalence and spread of AMR is considered, highlighting research gaps using ESBL-E as an exemplar; and second, a New Zealand perspective is taken to examine how farm management practices may contribute to on-farm AMU and AMR in dairy cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose M Collis
- 1 AgResearch Ltd, Hopkirk Research Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,2 Molecular Epidemiology and Veterinary Public Health Laboratory (mEpiLab), Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Sara A Burgess
- 2 Molecular Epidemiology and Veterinary Public Health Laboratory (mEpiLab), Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Patrick J Biggs
- 2 Molecular Epidemiology and Veterinary Public Health Laboratory (mEpiLab), Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,3 Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand. Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,4 New Zealand Food Safety Science and Research Centre, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Anne C Midwinter
- 2 Molecular Epidemiology and Veterinary Public Health Laboratory (mEpiLab), Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Nigel P French
- 2 Molecular Epidemiology and Veterinary Public Health Laboratory (mEpiLab), Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,4 New Zealand Food Safety Science and Research Centre, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Leah Toombs-Ruane
- 2 Molecular Epidemiology and Veterinary Public Health Laboratory (mEpiLab), Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Adrian L Cookson
- 1 AgResearch Ltd, Hopkirk Research Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,2 Molecular Epidemiology and Veterinary Public Health Laboratory (mEpiLab), Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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156
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Ma C, Sun Z, Zeng B, Huang S, Zhao J, Zhang Y, Su X, Xu J, Wei H, Zhang H. Cow-to-mouse fecal transplantations suggest intestinal microbiome as one cause of mastitis. MICROBIOME 2018; 6:200. [PMID: 30409169 PMCID: PMC6225715 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-018-0578-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mastitis, which affects nearly all lactating mammals including human, is generally thought to be caused by local infection of the mammary glands. For treatment, antibiotics are commonly prescribed, which however are of concern in both treatment efficacy and neonate safety. Here, using bovine mastitis which is the most costly disease in the dairy industry as a model, we showed that intestinal microbiota alone can lead to mastitis. RESULTS Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from mastitis, but not healthy cows, to germ-free (GF) mice resulted in mastitis symptoms in mammary gland and inflammations in serum, spleen, and colon. Probiotic intake in parallel with FMT from diseased cows led to relieved mastitis symptoms in mice, by shifting the murine intestinal microbiota to a state that is functionally distinct from either healthy or diseased microbiota yet structurally similar to the latter. Despite conservation in mastitis symptoms, diseased cows and mice shared few mastitis-associated bacterial organismal or functional markers, suggesting striking divergence in mastitis-associated intestinal microbiota among lactating mammals. Moreover, an "amplification effect" of disease-health distinction in both microbiota structure and function was apparent during the cow-to-mouse FMT. CONCLUSIONS Hence, dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota may be one cause of mastitis, and probiotics that restore intestinal microbiota function are an effective and safe strategy to treat mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Ma
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Zheng Sun
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, Shandong, China
| | - Benhua Zeng
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Shi Huang
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Xiaoquan Su
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, Shandong, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, Shandong, China.
| | - Hong Wei
- The Engineering Technology Research Center for Germ-free and Genome-editing Animal, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.
| | - Heping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China.
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157
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Derakhshani H, Fehr KB, Sepehri S, Francoz D, De Buck J, Barkema HW, Plaizier JC, Khafipour E. Invited review: Microbiota of the bovine udder: Contributing factors and potential implications for udder health and mastitis susceptibility. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:10605-10625. [PMID: 30292553 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-14860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Various body sites of vertebrates provide stable and nutrient-rich ecosystems for a diverse range of commensal, opportunistic, and pathogenic microorganisms to thrive. The collective genomes of these microbial symbionts (the microbiome) provide host animals with several advantages, including metabolism of indigestible carbohydrates, biosynthesis of vitamins, and modulation of innate and adaptive immune systems. In the context of the bovine udder, however, the relationship between cow and microbes has been traditionally viewed strictly from the perspective of host-pathogen interactions, with intramammary infections by mastitis pathogens triggering inflammatory responses (i.e., mastitis) that are often detrimental to mammary tissues and cow physiology. This traditional view has been challenged by recent metagenomic studies indicating that mammary secretions of clinically healthy quarters can harbor genomic markers of diverse bacterial groups, the vast majority of which have not been associated with mastitis. These observations have given rise to the concept of "commensal mammary microbiota," the ecological properties of which can have important implications for understanding the pathogenesis of mastitis and offer opportunities for development of novel prophylactic or therapeutic products (or both) as alternatives to antimicrobials. Studies conducted to date have suggested that an optimum diversity of mammary microbiota is associated with immune homeostasis, whereas the microbiota of mastitic quarters, or those with a history of mastitis, are considerably less diverse. Whether disruption of the diversity of udder microbiota (dysbiosis) has a role in determining mastitis susceptibility remains unknown. Moreover, little is known about contributions of various biotic and abiotic factors in shaping overall diversity of udder microbiota. This review summarizes current understanding of the microbiota within various niches of the udder and highlights the need to view the microbiota of the teat apex, teat canal, and mammary secretions as interconnected niches of a highly dynamic microbial ecosystem. In addition, host-associated factors, including physiological and anatomical parameters, as well as genetic traits that may affect the udder microbiota are briefly discussed. Finally, current understanding of the effect of antimicrobials on the composition of intramammary microbiota is discussed, highlighting the resilience of udder microbiota to exogenous perturbants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hooman Derakhshani
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2 Canada
| | - Kelsey B Fehr
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2 Canada
| | - Shadi Sepehri
- Children Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3P4 Canada
| | - David Francoz
- Département de Sciences Cliniques, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, J2S 2M2 Canada
| | - Jeroen De Buck
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1 Canada
| | - Herman W Barkema
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1 Canada
| | - Jan C Plaizier
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2 Canada
| | - Ehsan Khafipour
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2 Canada; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0J9 Canada.
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158
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Wang R, Li L, Huang T, Huang Y, Huang W, Yang X, Lei A, Chen M. Phylogenetic, comparative genomic and structural analyses of human Streptococcus agalactiae ST485 in China. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:716. [PMID: 30261834 PMCID: PMC6161333 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5084-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus, GBS) is a common bacteria species infecting both human and bovine. Previous studies have shown that the GBS isolated from human and bovine are mostly unrelated and belong to separate populations. However, recently, the bovine GBS CC103 has become the dominant epidemic strain and frequently isolated from human patients. In particular, the ST485 GBS, a member of CC103, has become the new dominant ST in China and exhibited very high pathogenicity. This phenomenon is not consistent with the established understanding about the relationship between bovine and human GBS, which needs to be re-investigated. Results The genome-based phylogenetic analysis showed that the human and bovine GBS CC103 strains had very close genetic relationship and they were alternately distributed on the evolutionary tree. CC103 strains evolved into several branches, including the ST485, which exhibited high pathogenicity and specifically infected human. Compared to other CC103 strains, the ST485 lacked Lac.2 gene structure and acquired the CadDX gene structure in their genomes. Conclusions Our results indicate that GBS CC103 could propagate across human and bovine, and GBS ST485 might evolve from the ST103 that could infect both human and bovine. Moreover, the recombination of Lac.2 and CadDX gene structures might play an important role in the formation of highly pathogenic ST485 in China. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-5084-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, Guangxi, China
| | - Liping Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Huang
- Guangxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Weiyi Huang
- Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiuying Yang
- National Medical College of Right Rivers, Baise, 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Aiying Lei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China. .,Guangxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
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159
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Han S, Mansfield KG, Bradway DS, Besser TE, Read DH, Haldorson GJ, Alt DP, Wilson-Welder JH. Treponeme-Associated Hoof Disease of Free-Ranging Elk ( Cervus elaphus) in Southwestern Washington State, USA. Vet Pathol 2018; 56:118-132. [PMID: 30244661 DOI: 10.1177/0300985818798108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A novel foot disease in free-ranging elk ( Cervus elaphus) in southwestern Washington State emerged in 2008 and spread throughout the region. Initial studies showed adult elk had chronic hoof overgrowth, sole ulcers, and sloughed hoof capsules, but no cause was determined. To identify possible causes and characterize the earliest lesions, 9-, 7-, and 3-month-old elk were collected. Nine-month-old elk had sole ulcers (3/9 elk) and sloughed/overgrown hoof capsules (4/9 elk) similar to adults. Histologically, lesions consisted of coronary, heel bulb, and interdigital ulcers with suppurative inflammation, epithelial hyperplasia, deeply invasive spirochetes, and underrunning of the hoof capsule and heel-sole junction. Spirochetes were identified as Treponema via immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Seven-month-old elk had similar underrunning foot ulcers (6/8 elk) with Treponema identified in all lesions but no chronic overgrowth or sloughed hoof capsules. Three-month-old calves had superficial coronary erosions with no inflammation or identifiable spirochetes (3/5 elk) but were culture/PCR positive for Treponema, suggesting possible early lesions. Lesions from 9- and 7-month-old elk included aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, many of which are associated with infectious foot disease in livestock. Antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of 7- and 3-month-old elk from the enzootic region showed a trend toward increased Treponema antibody titers compared to normal control elk from outside the region, further supporting the significance of Treponema in the pathogenesis of foot disease. Treponeme-associated hoof disease (TAHD) in elk, a debilitating and progressive condition, shares similarities to bovine digital dermatitis and contagious ovine digital dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushan Han
- 1 Colorado State University Diagnostic Medicine Center, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | - Dan S Bradway
- 3 Washington State University Washington Animal Disease and Diagnostic Laboratory, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Thomas E Besser
- 3 Washington State University Washington Animal Disease and Diagnostic Laboratory, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Deryck H Read
- 4 California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Gary J Haldorson
- 3 Washington State University Washington Animal Disease and Diagnostic Laboratory, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - David P Alt
- 5 Infectious Bacterial Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Jennifer H Wilson-Welder
- 5 Infectious Bacterial Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Ames, IA, USA
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160
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Peiminine Protects against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Mastitis by Inhibiting the AKT/NF-κB, ERK1/2 and p38 Signaling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092637. [PMID: 30200569 PMCID: PMC6164606 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Peiminine, an alkaloid extracted from Fritillaria plants, has been reported to have potent anti-inflammatory properties. However, the anti-inflammatory effect of peiminine on a mouse lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mastitis model remains to be elucidated. The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effect of peiminine on LPS-induced mastitis in mice. LPS was injected through the canals of the mammary gland to generate the mouse LPS-induced mastitis model. Peiminine was administered intraperitoneally 1 h before and 12 h after the LPS injection. In vitro, mouse mammary epithelial cells (mMECs) were pretreated with different concentrations of peiminine for 1 h and were then stimulated with LPS. The mechanism of peiminine on mastitis was studied by hematoxylin-eosin staining (H&E) staining, western blotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results showed that peiminine significantly decreased the histopathological impairment of the mammary gland in vivo and reduced the production of pro-inflammatory mediators in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, peiminine inhibited the phosphorylation of the protein kinase B (AKT)/ nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK1/2), and p38 signaling pathways both in vivo and in vitro. All the results suggested that peiminine exerted potent anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-induced mastitis in mice. Therefore, peiminine might be a potential therapeutic agent for mastitis.
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161
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Mastitis Pathogens Isolated from Raw Milk Samples on Sheep Farms Situated in Marginal Parts of Slovakia. FOLIA VETERINARIA 2018. [DOI: 10.2478/fv-2018-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Relatively large parts of the Slovak territory are marginal regions, which in terms of the economy of ruminant rearing can effectively produce animal commodities only occasionally. The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence and aetiology of mastitis during one milking season in two sheep dairy herds of 224 (A) and 270 (B) ewes situated in the marginal parts of Slovakia. A complex examination of health status of ewes based on: the clinical examination of the udder, macroscopic evaluation of milk with the California mastitis test (CMT) and the bacteriological analysis of raw milk samples from individual halves were carried out at the beginning (April) and at the end (September) of the milking season. The prevalence of intramammary infection (IMI) in the herds of ewes (A and B) were 19.1 % and 14.3 %, respectively. In both herds we confirmed predominantly the subclinical forms of IMI. The highest percentages of aetiological agents were determined for coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS), such as Staphylococcus chromogenes, Staphylococcus schleiferi, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus xylosus, Staphylococcus piscifermentans and Staphylococcus intermedius, the occurrences of which were determined in 41 (48.2 %) and 37 (47.9 %) positive milk samples, respectively.
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162
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Yi Y, Su L, Li B, Li S, Zhang B, Su Y. Analysis of the Genetic Diversity in Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusIsolates from Bovine Subclinical Mastitis Case in Xinjiang, China. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2018; 15:568-575. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2018.2424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyang Yi
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Lingling Su
- Feed Research Institute Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Shanchun Li
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Baojiang Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yan Su
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
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163
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Mekonnen SA, Lam TJGM, Hoekstra J, Rutten VPMG, Tessema TS, Broens EM, Riesebos AE, Spaninks MP, Koop G. Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from milk samples of dairy cows in small holder farms of North-Western Ethiopia. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:246. [PMID: 30139356 PMCID: PMC6107951 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1558-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Staphylococcus aureus is a contagious, opportunistic pathogen that causes clinical or subclinical mastitis in dairy cattle. The genetic background and antimicrobial resistance of isolates from Ethiopian dairy farms has not been studied. Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterize S. aureus from Ethiopian hand milked dairy cows, by spa, MLST and virulence factor typing, and by assessment of antimicrobial susceptibility. A total of 79 S. aureus isolates from intramammary infections was studied. A PCR was used to detect lukM-lukF’ and pvl genes encoding the bovine and human associated bi-component leukocidins, and the toxic shock syndrome toxin gene-1 (tst). Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined using the broth microdilution method. Results Twenty different spa types were identified, most isolates were t042 (58%), and the closely related t15786 (11%). The proportion of isolates positive for lukM-lukF’, tst and pvl was low at 0.04, 0.10 and 0.09 respectively, with lukM-lukF’ often co-occurring with tst, but not with pvl. Methicillin-resistance was not found, but resistance to penicillin/ampicillin (86%) and tetracycline (54%) was very common. Conclusions We found a high degree of relatedness among bovine S. aureus isolates in North-Western Ethiopia, suggesting contagious within and between farm transmission of strains that are often resistant to commonly used antimicrobials. This highlights the need for effective preventive measures that aim at limiting transmission of bacteria rather than using antimicrobials to control S. aureus mastitis in Ethiopia. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12917-018-1558-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Mekonnen
- Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 7, 3584, CL, Utrecht, The Netherlands. .,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia.
| | - T J G M Lam
- Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 7, 3584, CL, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,GD Animal Health, P.O. Box 9, 7400 AA, Deventer, The Netherlands
| | - J Hoekstra
- Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 7, 3584, CL, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - V P M G Rutten
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, 0110, South Africa
| | - T S Tessema
- Institute of Biotechnology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - E M Broens
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - A E Riesebos
- Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 7, 3584, CL, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M P Spaninks
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - G Koop
- Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 7, 3584, CL, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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164
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Hickey EE, Wong HS, Khazandi M, Ogunniyi AD, Petrovski KR, Garg S, Page SW, O'Handley R, Trott DJ. Repurposing Ionophores as novel antimicrobial agents for the treatment of bovine mastitis caused by Gram-positive pathogens. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2018; 41:746-754. [PMID: 29971788 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Increasing reports of multidrug-resistant bacterial infections in animals has created a need for novel antimicrobial agents that do not promote cross-resistance to critically important antimicrobial classes used in human medicine. In response to the recent emergence of antimicrobial resistance in several bovine mastitis pathogens, in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility was determined for four polyether ionophores (lasalocid, monensin, narasin and salinomycin) against Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. isolated from clinical cases. In addition, erythrocyte haemolysis and WST-1 cell proliferation assays were used to assess in vitro mammalian cell cytotoxicity and biofilm susceptibility testing was performed using the minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC™) biofilm assay. Lasalocid, monensin, narasin and salinomycin exhibited bacteriostatic antimicrobial activity against all pathogens tested, including methicillin-resistant staphylococci, with MIC90 values <16 μg/ml. Narasin and monensin displayed the least toxicity against mammalian cell lines and all compounds significantly reduced viable cell numbers in a Staphylococcus aureus biofilm. Based on in vitro characterization, all four ionophores offer potentially novel treatments against bovine mastitis but in vivo studies will be essential to determine whether acceptable safety and efficacy is present following intramammary administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth E Hickey
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
| | - Hui San Wong
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
| | - Manouchehr Khazandi
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
| | - Abiodun D Ogunniyi
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
| | - Kiro R Petrovski
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
| | - Sanjay Garg
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, The University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | - Ryan O'Handley
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
| | - Darren J Trott
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
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165
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Cai M, He H, Jia X, Chen S, Wang J, Shi Y, Liu B, Xiao W, Lai S. Genome-wide microRNA profiling of bovine milk-derived exosomes infected with Staphylococcus aureus. Cell Stress Chaperones 2018; 23:663-672. [PMID: 29383581 PMCID: PMC6045547 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-018-0876-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine milk is rich in exosomes, which contain abundant miRNAs and play important roles in the regulation of neonatal growth and development of adaptive immunity. Here, we analyzed miRNA expression profiles of bovine milk exosomes from three healthy and three mastitic cows, and then six miRNA libraries were constructed. Interestingly, we detected no scRNAs and few snRNAs in milk exosomes; this result indicated a potential preference for RNA packaging in milk exosomes. A total of 492 known and 980 novel exosomal miRNAs were detected, and the 10 most expressed miRNAs in the six samples accounted for 80-90% of total miRNA-associated reads. Expression analyses identified 18 miRNAs with significantly different expression between healthy and infected animals; the predicted target genes of differentially expressed miRNAs were significantly enriched in immune system process, response to stimulus, growth, etc. Moreover, target genes were significantly enriched in several Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways including inflammatory, immune, and cancer pathways. Our survey provided comprehensive information about milk exosomes and exosomal miRNAs involved in mastitis. Moreover, the differentially expressed miRNAs, especially miR-223 and miR-142-5p, could be considered as potential candidates for mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingcheng Cai
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Hongbing He
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xianbo Jia
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Shiyi Chen
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yu Shi
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Buwei Liu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Wudian Xiao
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Songjia Lai
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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166
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Mioni MDSR, Castro FFC, Moreno LZ, Apolinário CM, Belaz LD, Peres MG, Ribeiro BLD, Castro MJDS, Ferreira AM, Cortez A, Moreno AM, Heinemann MB, Megid J. Septicemia due to Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies dysgalactiae in vampire bats (Desmodus rotundus). Sci Rep 2018; 8:9772. [PMID: 29950697 PMCID: PMC6021443 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28061-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Beta-hemolytic Streptococcus dysgalactiae is a well-known pathogen for a wide range of animals and humans. Two subspecies are recognized: (i) equisimilis, associated to disease in horses and humans, and (ii) dysgalactiae mainly isolated from animal illness with only a few humans’ cases. This study describes the isolation and characterization of Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae (SDSD) from vampire bats, maintained in captivity for research proposes. Animals presented neurologic, respiratory and gastroenteric symptoms and sudden death. Beta-hemolytic Gram-positive cocci were isolated in blood agar plates and further characterized as Lancefield group C. All isolates were identified as S. dysgalactiae by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry and subspecies dysgalactiae was confirmed by 16S rRNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Genotyping through SE-ALFP resulted in three profiles (A1–A3) with one bat being infected by profiles A1 and A3. This is the first report of SDSD causing illness in bats and especially in Desmodus rotundus species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lais Dario Belaz
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina Gea Peres
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Adriana Cortez
- Universidade de Santo Amaro, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Jane Megid
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
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167
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Tomazi T, de Souza Filho AF, Heinemann MB, dos Santos MV. Molecular characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Streptococcus agalactiae isolated from clinical mastitis in dairy cattle. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199561. [PMID: 29928042 PMCID: PMC6013152 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to: (a) genotypically characterize Streptococcus agalactiae isolates recovered from clinical mastitis (CM) cases in dairy cows and, (b) determine the association of antimicrobial susceptibility (AMS) and genotypes of Strep. agalactiae clustered according to the genetic similarity. A total of 89 Strep. agalactiae isolates recovered from bovine CM were genotyped using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. In addition, the AMS of the isolates was determined using a commercial broth microdilution test composed of 10 antimicrobials (penicillin, ampicillin, oxacillin, cephalothin, ceftiofur, penicillin/novobiocin, erythromycin, pirlimycin, tetracycline, and sulfadimethoxine). Descriptive analysis was used to report the frequency of RAPD-types and genotypic clusters within herd, housing system, season and CM severity scores. The minimal antimicrobial concentrations that inhibited 50% (MIC50) and 90% (MIC90) of the isolates were calculated and survival analysis was completed to verify the differences of AMS among genotypic clusters. Results of RAPD showed a great genotypic diversity of Strep. agalactiae (45 RAPD-types) and three clusters (Ia, Ib and II) were created based on the genetic similarity among genotypes. After clustering, a high genetic similarity was observed within and between herds. Overall, Strep. agalactiae showed high susceptibility to most antimicrobials, except to tetracycline and erythromycin. Differences in the AMS among clusters were observed for ampicillin, ceftiofur, erythromycin, pirlimycin, sulfadimethoxine and tetracycline. In conclusion, Strep. agalactiae is still highly susceptible to most antimicrobials, although differences in susceptibility to certain antimicrobials were observed among genotypic clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Tomazi
- Department of Animal Production and Nutrition, Milk Quality Research Laboratory (Qualileite), University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Antonio Francisco de Souza Filho
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Laboratory of Bacterial Zoonosis, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos Bryan Heinemann
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Laboratory of Bacterial Zoonosis, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos Veiga dos Santos
- Department of Animal Production and Nutrition, Milk Quality Research Laboratory (Qualileite), University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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168
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Monistero V, Graber HU, Pollera C, Cremonesi P, Castiglioni B, Bottini E, Ceballos-Marquez A, Lasso-Rojas L, Kroemker V, Wente N, Petzer IM, Santisteban C, Runyan J, Veiga Dos Santos M, Alves BG, Piccinini R, Bronzo V, Abbassi MS, Said MB, Moroni P. Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Bovine Mastitis in Eight Countries: Genotypes, Detection of Genes Encoding Different Toxins and Other Virulence Genes. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10060247. [PMID: 29914197 PMCID: PMC6024761 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10060247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is recognized worldwide as one of the major agents of dairy cow intra-mammary infections. This microorganism can express a wide spectrum of pathogenic factors used to attach, colonize, invade and infect the host. The present study evaluated 120 isolates from eight different countries that were genotyped by RS-PCR and investigated for 26 different virulence factors to increase the knowledge on the circulating genetic lineages among the cow population with mastitis. New genotypes were observed for South African strains while for all the other countries new variants of existing genotypes were detected. For each country, a specific genotypic pattern was found. Among the virulence factors, fmtB, cna, clfA and leucocidins genes were the most frequent. The sea and sei genes were present in seven out of eight countries; seh showed high frequency in South American countries (Brazil, Colombia, Argentina), while sel was harboured especially in one Mediterranean country (Tunisia). The etb, seb and see genes were not detected in any of the isolates, while only two isolates were MRSA (Germany and Italy) confirming the low diffusion of methicillin resistance microorganism among bovine mastitis isolates. This work demonstrated the wide variety of S. aureus genotypes found in dairy cattle worldwide. This condition suggests that considering the region of interest might help to formulate strategies for reducing the infection spreading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Monistero
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Hans Ulrich Graber
- Agroscope, Research Division, Food Microbial Systems, Schwarzenburgstrasse 161, 3003 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Claudia Pollera
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Paola Cremonesi
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council, via Einstein, 26900 Lodi, Italy.
| | - Bianca Castiglioni
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council, via Einstein, 26900 Lodi, Italy.
| | - Enriqueta Bottini
- Laboratorio de Microbiologia Clinica y Experimental, Departamento de Sanidad Animal y Medicina Preventiva SAMP/CIVENTAN, Becaria CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (FCV, UNCPBA), Paraje Arroyo Seco S/N, Campus Universitario, CP 7000 Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Alejandro Ceballos-Marquez
- Laboratorio de Calidad de Leche y Epidemiología Veterinaria (Grupo CLEV), Universidad de Caldas, Calle 65 #26-10, Manizales, Caldas, Colombia.
| | - Laura Lasso-Rojas
- Laboratorio de Calidad de Leche y Epidemiología Veterinaria (Grupo CLEV), Universidad de Caldas, Calle 65 #26-10, Manizales, Caldas, Colombia.
| | - Volker Kroemker
- Bioprocess Engineering-Faculty II, University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Microbiology Heisterbergallee 12, 30453 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Nicole Wente
- Bioprocess Engineering-Faculty II, University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Microbiology Heisterbergallee 12, 30453 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Inge-Marie Petzer
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, M35, Pretoria 0110, South Africa.
| | - Carlos Santisteban
- Quality Milk Production Services, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, Cornell University, 240 Farrier Road, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA.
| | - Jeff Runyan
- Quality Milk Production Services, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, Cornell University, 240 Farrier Road, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA.
| | - Marcos Veiga Dos Santos
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Rua Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga-SP 13635900, Brazil.
| | - Bruna Gomes Alves
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Rua Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga-SP 13635900, Brazil.
| | - Renata Piccinini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Valerio Bronzo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Mohamed Salah Abbassi
- Tunisian Institute of Veterinary Research, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia.
| | - Meriam Ben Said
- Tunisian Institute of Veterinary Research, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia.
| | - Paolo Moroni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy.
- Quality Milk Production Services, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, Cornell University, 240 Farrier Road, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA.
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169
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Wang S, Cao Y, Deng S, Jiang X, Wang J, Zhang X, Zhang J, Liu G, Lian Z. Overexpression of Toll-like Receptor 4-linked Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Signaling Contributes to Internalization of Escherichia coli in Sheep. Int J Biol Sci 2018; 14:1022-1032. [PMID: 29989103 PMCID: PMC6036738 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.25275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli is one of the most common causal pathogens of mastitis in milk-producing mammals. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is important for host recognition of this bacteria. Increased activation of TLR4 can markedly enhance the internalization of E. coli. In this study, the relationship between TLR4 and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways in mediating E. coli internalization was evaluated in sheep monocytes. Using a TLR4-overexpressing transgenic (Tg) sheep model, we explored the bacterial internalization mechanism in sheep. We found that monocytes of Tg sheep could phagocytize more bacteria and exhibited higher adhesive capacity. The specific inhibition of p38 MAPK or c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) or extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) reduced TLR4-dependent internalization of bacteria into sheep monocytes. Furthermore, the inhibition of MAPK signaling down-regulated the adhesive capacity of monocytes and the expression of scavenger receptors and adhesion molecules. Taken together, the overexpression of TLR4 in transgenic sheep enhanced the internalization of E. coli via MAPK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sutian Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shoulong Deng
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojing Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiahao Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Jinlong Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Animal Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Guoshi Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengxing Lian
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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170
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Botelho ACN, Ferreira AFM, Fracalanzza SEL, Teixeira LM, Pinto TCA. A Perspective on the Potential Zoonotic Role of Streptococcus agalactiae: Searching for a Missing Link in Alternative Transmission Routes. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:608. [PMID: 29643850 PMCID: PMC5882794 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Tatiana C. A. Pinto
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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171
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Zigo F, Vasiľ M, Elečko J, Zigová M, Farkašová Z. Mastitis pathogens and their resistance against antimicrobial agents in herds of dairy cows situated in marginal parts of Slovakia. POTRAVINARSTVO 2018. [DOI: 10.5219/905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Marginal regions are relatively large part of the area Slovakia which in terms of the economy breeding ruminants can efficiently produce animal commodities only occasionally. Geographic, social and economic stability of these regions is strongly influenced by breeding of ruminants with market milk production. Mastitis is a disease complex that assumes highest clinical and economic significance in milk animals particularly medium to high yielding dairy cattle, usually in and around periparturient period. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of different antibiotics against mastitis causing microorganisms during first month of lactation in two herds of 230 and 310 dairy cows situated in marginal parts of Slovakia. Milk samples from quarters were cultured and identified bacteria were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility test by disc diffusion method to a large number of antibiotics. The prevalence of mastitis in the monitored herds of dairy cows was 26.1% to 17.6%, respectively. A total of 1663 milk samples from udder quarters were investigated, 446 (21.3%) samples were positive. No pathogens were isolated from 1663 (78.4%) milk samples. From all tested bacteria Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. which were isolated from subclinical and clinical mastitis, were found amoxicillin + clavulanat and tetradelta to be most effective drug followed by ceftiofur and rifaximin. The significant difference was confirmed between the Staph. aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) isolates with respect to their susceptibility to the various antibiotics. Antibiotic susceptibility tests should be done to determine the effectiveness of drug that can be used for successful treatment of diseases. Proper isolation and identification of the causative organism play significant role in prevention and control of the diseases.
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172
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Adkins PRF, Dufour S, Spain JN, Calcutt MJ, Reilly TJ, Stewart GC, Middleton JR. Molecular characterization of non-aureus Staphylococcus spp. from heifer intramammary infections and body sites. J Dairy Sci 2018. [PMID: 29525303 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate non-aureus Staphylococcus spp. intramammary infections (IMI) in periparturient heifers and determine the relationship of precalving body site isolation with precalving IMI and postcalving IMI using molecular speciation and strain-typing methods. Primiparous heifers were enrolled at approximately 14 d before expected calving date. Precalving mammary quarter secretions and body site swabbing samples (teat skin, inguinal skin, muzzle, and perineum) were collected. Postcalving, mammary quarter milk samples were collected for culture and somatic cell counting. Precalving body site samples were cultured, and up to 10 staphylococcal colonies were saved for characterization. Staphylococcal isolates were speciated using matrix-assisted laser/desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry or sequencing of rpoB or tuf. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was used to strain type a subset of isolates. Overall, Staphylococcus chromogenes, Staphylococcus agnetis, and Staphylococcus simulans were the most common species identified in precalving mammary secretions, whereas S. chromogenes, Staphylococcus xylosus, and S. agnetis were the most common species found in postcalving milk samples. The most common species identified from body site samples were S. chromogenes, S. xylosus, and Staphylococcus haemolyticus. Mammary quarters that had a precalving mammary secretion that was culture positive for S. agnetis, S. chromogenes, or Staphylococcus devriesei had increased odds of having an IMI with the same species postcalving. A S. chromogenes IMI postcalving was associated with higher somatic cell count when compared with postcalving culture-negative quarters. Among heifers identified with a non-aureus Staphylococcus spp. IMI either precalving or postcalving, heifers that had S. agnetis or S. chromogenes isolated from their teat skin had increased odds of having the same species found in their precalving mammary secretions, and heifers with S. chromogenes, S. simulans, and S. xylosus isolated from their teat skin precalving were at increased odds of having an IMI with the same species postcalving. Overall, 44% of all heifers with a S. chromogenes IMI around the time of parturition had the same strain isolated from a body site. Based on pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, a high level of strain diversity was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R F Adkins
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211
| | - S Dufour
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada J2S 2M2
| | - J N Spain
- Department of Animal Science, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211
| | - M J Calcutt
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211
| | - T J Reilly
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211; Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211
| | - G C Stewart
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211; Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211
| | - J R Middleton
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211.
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173
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Melo D, Motta C, Rojas AM, Soares B, Coelho I, Coelho S, Souza M. Characterization of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci and pheno-genotypic beta lactam resistance evaluation in samples from bovine Intramammary infection. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-9209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT This study aimed to identify Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci (CoNS) species isolated from bovine mastitis, through phenotypic and PCR-RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism-Polimerase Chain Reaction) methods and to compare both techniques to matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) technique. Among them, the PCR-RFLP method, using a partially conserved sequence of the groEL gene, is a promising alternative, because of its reproducibility and reliability. On the other hand, the proteomic technique MALDI-TOF MS provides an accurate and much faster diagnosis and has been increasingly employed in microbiological identification. The pheno-genotypic profiles of beta-lactam resistance were also investigated, this characterization is important, considering that the use of antimicrobials is a key element for mastitis control in dairy farms. The concordance of the phenotypic, PCR-RFLP and MALDI-TOF MS assays to identify CoNS species was 77,5% (31/40). S. chromogenes was the species most frequently isolated. Antibiotic resistance rate was relatively low, registering values of 25.5% to penicillin, 9.6% to oxacillin and 6.2% to cefoxitin. Resistance to imipenem, cephalotin and amoxicillin+clavulanate was not observed. The mecA gene and its variant were detected in 7.6% and 4,1% of the isolates respectively. The blaZ gene was found in 43.2% of the strains resistant to penicillin.
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Affiliation(s)
- D.A. Melo
- Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - C.C. Motta
- Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - B.S. Soares
- Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - I.S. Coelho
- Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - S.M.O. Coelho
- Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M.M.S. Souza
- Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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174
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Expression profiles of miRNAs from bovine mammary glands in response to Streptococcus agalactiae-induced mastitis. J DAIRY RES 2018; 84:300-308. [PMID: 28831974 DOI: 10.1017/s0022029917000437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to describe the expression profiles of microRNAs (miRNAs) from mammary gland tissues collected from dairy cows with Streptococcus agalactiae-induced mastitis and to identify differentially expressed miRNAs related to mastitis. The mammary glands of Chinese Holstein cows were challenged with Streptococcus agalactiae to induce mastitis. Small RNAs were isolated from the mammary tissues of the test and control groups and then sequenced using the Solexa sequencing technology to construct two small RNA libraries. Potential target genes of these differentially expressed miRNAs were predicted using the RNAhybrid software, and KEGG pathways associated with these genes were analysed. A total of 18 555 913 and 20 847 000 effective reads were obtained from the test and control groups, respectively. In total, 373 known and 399 novel miRNAs were detected in the test group, and 358 known and 232 novel miRNAs were uncovered in the control group. A total of 35 differentially expressed miRNAs were identified in the test group compared to the control group, including 10 up-regulated miRNAs and 25 down-regulated miRNAs. Of these miRNAs, miR-223 exhibited the highest degree of up-regulation with an approximately 3-fold increase in expression, whereas miR-26a exhibited the most decreased expression level (more than 2-fold). The RNAhybrid software predicted 18 801 genes as potential targets of these 35 miRNAs. Furthermore, several immune response and signal transduction pathways, including the RIG-I-like receptor signalling pathway, cytosolic DNA sensing pathway and Notch signal pathway, were enriched in these predicted targets. In summary, this study provided experimental evidence for the mechanism underlying the regulation of bovine mastitis by miRNAs and showed that miRNAs might be involved in signal pathways during S. agalactiae-induced mastitis.
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175
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Hu Y, Kan Y, Zhang Z, Lu Z, Li Y, Leng C, Ji J, Song S, Shi H. New Mutations of Penicillin-Binding Proteins in Streptococcus agalactiae Isolates from Cattle with Decreased Susceptibility to Penicillin. Microb Drug Resist 2018; 24:1236-1241. [PMID: 29473792 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2017.0223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus agalactiae is a causal agent of bovine mastitis and is treated by β-lactam antibiotics (BLAs). Compared to penicillin-resistant S. agalactiae from humans, resistant strains in bovine are rarely reported. In this study, we aimed to investigate BLA resistance and mutations in penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) of S. agalactiae in central and northeast China. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 129 penicillin-resistant S. agalactiae isolates from cows with mastitis were determined, and the related PBP genes were detected and sequenced. All strains were unsusceptible to penicillin G and mostly resistant to ampicillin, cefalexin, and ceftiofur sodium. One hundred twenty-nine strains were divided into 4 clonal groups and 8 sequence types by multilocus sequence typing analysis. We found a set of new substitutions in PBP1B, PBP2B, and PBP2X from most strains isolated from three provinces. The strains with high PBP mutations showed a broader unsusceptible spectrum and higher MICs than those with few or single mutation. Our research indicates unpredicted mutations in the PBP genes of S. agalactiae isolated from cows with mastitis treated by BLAs. This screening is the first of S. agalactiae from cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Hu
- 1 Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology in Funiu Mountain, Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-Reactor, China-UK-NYNU-RRes Joint Laboratory of Insect Biology, Nanyang Normal University , Nanyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunchao Kan
- 1 Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology in Funiu Mountain, Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-Reactor, China-UK-NYNU-RRes Joint Laboratory of Insect Biology, Nanyang Normal University , Nanyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengtian Zhang
- 2 School of Life Science and Technology, Nanyang Normal University , Nanyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanning Lu
- 1 Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology in Funiu Mountain, Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-Reactor, China-UK-NYNU-RRes Joint Laboratory of Insect Biology, Nanyang Normal University , Nanyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanqiu Li
- 1 Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology in Funiu Mountain, Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-Reactor, China-UK-NYNU-RRes Joint Laboratory of Insect Biology, Nanyang Normal University , Nanyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoliang Leng
- 1 Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology in Funiu Mountain, Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-Reactor, China-UK-NYNU-RRes Joint Laboratory of Insect Biology, Nanyang Normal University , Nanyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Ji
- 1 Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology in Funiu Mountain, Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-Reactor, China-UK-NYNU-RRes Joint Laboratory of Insect Biology, Nanyang Normal University , Nanyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyang Song
- 3 Animal Husbandry and Fishery Department, Heilongjiang State 853 Farm , Shuangyashan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongfei Shi
- 1 Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology in Funiu Mountain, Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-Reactor, China-UK-NYNU-RRes Joint Laboratory of Insect Biology, Nanyang Normal University , Nanyang, People's Republic of China
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176
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Li L, Wang R, Huang Y, Huang T, Luo F, Huang W, Yang X, Lei A, Chen M, Gan X. High Incidence of Pathogenic Streptococcus agalactiae ST485 Strain in Pregnant/Puerperal Women and Isolation of Hyper-Virulent Human CC67 Strain. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:50. [PMID: 29467722 PMCID: PMC5808242 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Group B streptococcus (GBS) is the major pathogen causing diseases in neonates, pregnant/puerperal women, cows and fish. Recent studies have shown that GBS may be infectious across hosts and some fish GBS strain might originate from human. The purpose of this study is to investigate the genetic relationship of CC103 strains that recently emerged in cows and humans, and explore the pathogenicity of clinical GBS isolates from human to tilapia. Ninety-two pathogenic GBS isolates were identified from 19 patients with different diseases and their evolution and pathogenicity to tilapia were analyzed. The multilocus sequence typing revealed that clonal complex (CC) 103 strain was isolated from 21.74% (20/92) of patients and ST485 strain was from 14.13% (13/92) patients with multiple diseases including neonates. Genomic evolution analysis showed that both bovine and human CC103 strains alternately form independent evolutionary branches. Three CC67 isolates carried gbs2018-C gene and formed one evolutionary branch with ST61 and ST67 strains that specifically infect dairy cows. Studies of interspecies transmission to tilapia found that 21/92 (22.83%) isolates including all ST23 isolates were highly pathogenic to tilapia and demonstrated that streptococci could break through the blood-brain barrier into brain tissue. In conclusions, CC103 strains are highly prevalent among pathogenic GBS from humans and have evolved into the highly pathogenic ST485 strains specifically infecting humans. The CC67 strains isolated from cows are able to infect humans through evolutionary events of acquiring CC17-specific type C gbs2018 gene and others. Human-derived ST23 pathogenic GBS strains are highly pathogenic to tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Institute of Fisheries, Nanning, China.,Bacteria Laboratory, Guangxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Institute of Fisheries, Nanning, China.,Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Bacteria Laboratory, Guangxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
| | - Ting Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Institute of Fisheries, Nanning, China
| | - Fuguang Luo
- Liuzhou's Aquaculture Technology Extending Station, Liuzhou, China
| | - Weiyi Huang
- Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiuying Yang
- School of Public Health, National Medical College of Right Rivers, Baise, China
| | - Aiying Lei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Institute of Fisheries, Nanning, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Institute of Fisheries, Nanning, China.,Bacteria Laboratory, Guangxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, China.,Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Xi Gan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Institute of Fisheries, Nanning, China
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177
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Ma J, Yu L, Song B, Yu Y, Zhang S, Wei Y, Wu Z, Yao D, Yu W, Zhu Z, Cui Y. The double adjuvants LTB and CpG significantly enhanced the immuno-protective effects of recombinant GIT derived from Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus in mice. J Med Microbiol 2018; 67:432-440. [PMID: 29458538 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In this study, we prepared GapC1-150-IsdB126-361-TRAP (GIT) proteins plus heat-labile enterotoxin B (LTB) as an intra-molecular adjuvant, together with CpG to further enhance its immunogenicity. METHODOLOGY Initially, the target genes were acquired and inserted into pET-32a (+) vectors to express LTB-GIT protein. LTB-GIT expression was confirmed by Western blotting and its immunocompetence was estimated through ELISA. Further, we immunized BALB/c mice with the LTB-GIT plus CpG adjuvant. After the second immunization, the antigen-specific CD4+ cell responses for IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10 were monitored by intracellular cytokine staining (ICS) assay. After the third immunization, the level of IgG antibodies in the serum from immunized groups was assessed by ELISA, and the protective immune response was appraised by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus dysgalactiae challenge. RESULTS The ELISA results showed that the OD450nm value of the LTB-GIT group was significantly higher than that of the BSA group. The group immunized with LTB-GIT plus CpG exhibited significantly stronger CD4+ T cell responses for IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10 compared to the group immunized with LTB-GIT, GIT alone orLTB-GIT plus CpG. In addition, the group immunized with LTB-GIT plus CpG generated the highest level of IgG antibodies against GIT among all of the groups, and our results also showed that LTB-GIT plus CpG markedly improved the survival percentage of mice compared to other groups. CONCLUSION We confirmed that the novel double adjuvants, LTB and CpG, are able to significantly improve GIT-induced immune responses. This formula could be a promising strategy for enhancing the immune efficacy of multi-subunit vaccines against Staphylococcus aureus and streptococcal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhu Ma
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, PR China.,College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Liquan Yu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Baifen Song
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Yongzhong Yu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Shaoduo Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Yuhua Wei
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Zhijun Wu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Di Yao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Wei Yu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Zhanbo Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Yudong Cui
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, PR China.,College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, PR China
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178
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Lyhs U, Kulkas L, Katholm J, Waller KP, Saha K, Tomusk RJ, Zadoks RN. Streptococcus agalactiae Serotype IV in Humans and Cattle, Northern Europe 1. Emerg Infect Dis 2018; 22:2097-2103. [PMID: 27869599 PMCID: PMC5189126 DOI: 10.3201/eid2212.151447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus agalactiae is an emerging pathogen of nonpregnant human adults worldwide and a reemerging pathogen of dairy cattle in parts of Europe. To learn more about interspecies transmission of this bacterium, we compared contemporaneously collected isolates from humans and cattle in Finland and Sweden. Multilocus sequence typing identified 5 sequence types (STs) (ST1, 8, 12, 23, and 196) shared across the 2 host species, suggesting possible interspecies transmission. More than 54% of the isolates belonged to those STs. Molecular serotyping and pilus island typing of those isolates did not differentiate between populations isolated from different host species. Isolates from humans and cattle differed in lactose fermentation, which is encoded on the accessory genome and represents an adaptation to the bovine mammary gland. Serotype IV-ST196 isolates were obtained from multiple dairy herds in both countries. Cattle may constitute a previously unknown reservoir of this strain.
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179
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Ronco T, Klaas IC, Stegger M, Svennesen L, Astrup LB, Farre M, Pedersen K. Genomic investigation of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from bulk tank milk and dairy cows with clinical mastitis. Vet Microbiol 2018; 215:35-42. [PMID: 29426404 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common pathogens that cause mastitis in dairy cows. Various subtypes, virulence genes and mobile genetic elements have been associated with isolates from bulk tank milk and clinical mastitis. So far, no Danish cattle associated S. aureus isolates have been whole-genome sequenced and further analyzed. Thus, the main objective was to investigate the population structure and genomic content of isolates from bulk tank milk and clinical mastitis, using whole-genome sequencing. This may reveal the origin of strains that cause clinical mastitis. S. aureus isolates from bulk tank milk (n = 94) and clinical mastitis (n = 63) were collected from 91 and 24 different farms, respectively and whole-genome sequenced. The genomic content was analyzed and a phylogenetic tree based on single nucleotide polymorphisms was constructed. In general, the isolates from both bulk tank milk and clinical mastitis were of similar genetic background. This suggests that dairy cows are natural carriers of the S. aureus subtypes that cause clinical mastitis if the right conditions are present and that a broad range of subtypes cause mastitis. A phylogenetic cluster that mostly consisted of ST151 isolates carried three mobile genetic elements that were primarily found in this group. The prevalence of resistance genes was generally low. However, the first ST398 methicillin resistant S. aureus isolate from a Danish dairy cow with clinical mastitis was detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troels Ronco
- National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Build. 204, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Ilka C Klaas
- Section for Production, Nutrition and Health, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 2, 1870 Fdr. C, Denmark
| | - Marc Stegger
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Line Svennesen
- Section for Production, Nutrition and Health, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 2, 1870 Fdr. C, Denmark
| | - Lærke B Astrup
- National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Build. 204, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Michael Farre
- SEGES Livestock Innovation, Agro Food Park 15, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Karl Pedersen
- National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Build. 204, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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180
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Genomic and Transcriptomic Analysis of Escherichia coli Strains Associated with Persistent and Transient Bovine Mastitis and the Role of Colanic Acid. Infect Immun 2017; 86:IAI.00566-17. [PMID: 29061709 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00566-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli is a leading cause of bacterial mastitis in dairy cattle. It is most often transient in nature, causing an infection that lasts 2 to 3 days. However, E. coli has been shown to cause a persistent infection in a minority of cases. Mechanisms that allow for a persistent E. coli infection are not fully understood. The goal of this work was to determine differences between E. coli strains originally isolated from dairy cattle with transient and persistent mastitis. Using RNA sequencing, we show gene expression differences in nearly 200 genes when bacteria from the two clinical phenotypes are compared. We sequenced the genomes of the E. coli strains and report genes unique to the two phenotypes. Differences in the wca operon, which encodes colanic acid, were identified by DNA as well as RNA sequencing and differentiated the two phenotypes. Previous work demonstrated that E. coli strains that cause persistent infections were more motile than those that cause transient infections. Deletion of genes in the wca operon from a persistent-infection strain resulted in a reduction of motility as measured in swimming and swarming assays. Furthermore, colanic acid has been shown to protect bacteria from complement-mediated killing. We show that transient-infection E. coli strains were more sensitive to complement-mediated killing. The deletion of genes from the wca operon caused a persistent-infection E. coli strain to become sensitive to complement-mediated killing. This work identifies important differences between E. coli strains that cause persistent and transient mammary infections in dairy cattle.
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181
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Klaas IC, Zadoks RN. An update on environmental mastitis: Challenging perceptions. Transbound Emerg Dis 2017; 65 Suppl 1:166-185. [PMID: 29083115 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Environmental mastitis is the most common and costly form of mastitis in modern dairy herds where contagious transmission of intramammary pathogens is controlled through implementation of standard mastitis prevention programmes. Environmental mastitis can be caused by a wide range of bacterial species, and binary classification of species as contagious or environmental is misleading, particularly for Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus uberis and other streptococcal species, including Streptococcus agalactiae. Bovine faeces, the indoor environment and used pasture are major sources of mastitis pathogens, including Escherichia coli and S. uberis. A faeco-oral transmission cycle may perpetuate and amplify the presence of such pathogens, including Klebsiella pneumoniae and S. agalactiae. Because of societal pressure to reduce reliance on antimicrobials as tools for mastitis control, management of environmental mastitis will increasingly need to be based on prevention. This requires a reduction in environmental exposure through bedding, pasture and pre-milking management and enhancement of the host response to bacterial challenge. Efficacious vaccines are available to reduce the impact of coliform mastitis, but vaccine development for gram-positive mastitis has not progressed beyond the "promising" stage for decades. Improved diagnostic tools to identify causative agents and transmission patterns may contribute to targeted use of antimicrobials and intervention measures. The most important tool for improved uptake of known mastitis prevention measures is communication. Development of better technical or biological tools for management of environmental mastitis must be accompanied by development of appropriate incentives and communication strategies for farmers and veterinarians, who may be confronted with government-mandated antimicrobial use targets if voluntary reduction is not implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- I C Klaas
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - R N Zadoks
- Moredun Research Institute, Penicuik, UK.,Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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182
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El-Sayed A, Awad W, Abdou NE, Castañeda Vázquez H. Molecular biological tools applied for identification of mastitis causing pathogens. Int J Vet Sci Med 2017; 5:89-97. [PMID: 30255056 PMCID: PMC6137832 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijvsm.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular diagnostic tools became the gold standard of mastitis diagnosis in the last few years. They enable rapid, qualitative, quantitative and large scale diagnosis. In addition to their role in diagnosis, they can identify pathogens at the subspecies level which is necessary for the epidemiological studies. They are increasingly used in mastitis control programs through identification of suitable candidates for vaccine production and through the selection of mastitis resistant cattle breeds. The present molecular techniques are continuously improved and new techniques are developed in order to provide higher sensitivity and specificity and to minimize the costs. The present work aims to provide an overview of the modern molecular tools, discuss why they replaced the traditional tools and became the new gold standard in mastitis diagnosis through comparing both traditional and molecular tools, explore the prospective of the molecular diagnostic techniques in mastitis diagnosis and control and to explore new horizons of using molecular assays in near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr El-Sayed
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Cairo University, Egypt.,Hessian State Laboratory (LHL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Walid Awad
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Nadra-Elwgoud Abdou
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Cairo University, Egypt.,Veterinary Laboratories, Public Authority of Agriculture Affairs and Fish Resources, Kuwait
| | - Hugo Castañeda Vázquez
- Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias de la Universidad de Guadalajara, Mexico
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183
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Pang M, Sun L, He T, Bao H, Zhang L, Zhou Y, Zhang H, Wei R, Liu Y, Wang R. Molecular and virulence characterization of highly prevalent Streptococcus agalactiae circulated in bovine dairy herds. Vet Res 2017; 48:65. [PMID: 29037262 PMCID: PMC5644065 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-017-0461-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine mastitis caused by Streptococcus agalactiae continues to be one of the major veterinary and economic issues in certain areas of the world. The more prevalent S. agalactiae strains that cause bovine mastitis in China dairy farms belong to a number of bovine-adapted sequence types (STs) ST67, ST103 and ST568. However, it is unknown why these STs can emerge as highly prevalent clones in bovine dairy farms. Here, to determine if a variety of virulence characteristics were associated with these highly prevalent STs, the molecular and virulence characterization of 116 strains isolated from bovine, human, fish and environment were analyzed. Our data showed that all bovine-adapted strains could be assigned to capsular genotype Ia or II, and carried pilus island 2b, and lactose operon. Importantly, we demonstrated that the growth ability in milk, biofilm formation ability and adhesion ability to bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) were significantly higher for all bovine-adapted strains compared to strains from other origins. Additionally, ST103 and ST568 strains exhibited significantly higher hemolytic activity and cytotoxicity than ST67 strains. In conclusion, our study provides substantial evidence for the hypothesis that the virulence characteristics including efficient growth in milk, elevated biofilm formation ability, together with strong adhesion ability might have favored the high prevalence of the STs in the bovine environment, whereas the hemolytic activity and cytotoxicity were not the crucial characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoda Pang
- Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Lichang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Tao He
- Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Hongdu Bao
- Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Ruicheng Wei
- Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Yongjie Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China.
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184
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Rainard P, Foucras G, Fitzgerald JR, Watts JL, Koop G, Middleton JR. Knowledge gaps and research priorities in Staphylococcus aureus mastitis control. Transbound Emerg Dis 2017; 65 Suppl 1:149-165. [PMID: 28984427 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed knowledge gaps and suggested research priorities in the field of Staphylococcus aureus mastitis. Staphylococcus aureus infecting the mammary gland remains a major problem to the dairy industry worldwide because of its pathogenicity, contagiousness, persistence in the cow environment, colonization of skin or mucosal epithelia, and the poor curing efficacy of treatments. Staphylococcus aureus also constitutes a threat to public health due to food safety and antibiotic usage issues and the potential for bidirectional transmission of strains between humans and dairy animals (cows and small ruminants). Gaps have been identified in (i) understanding the molecular basis for pathogenesis of S. aureus mastitis, (ii) identifying staphylococcal antigens inducing protection and (iii) determining the cell-mediated immune responses to infection and vaccination. The recommended priorities for research are (i) improved diagnostic methods for early detection of infection and intervention through treatment or management, (ii) development of experimental models to investigate the strategies used by S. aureus to survive within the mammary gland and resist treatment with anti-microbials, (iii) investigation of the basis for cow-to-cow variation in response to S. aureus mastitis, (iv) identification of the immune responses (adaptive and innate) induced by infection or vaccination and (v) antibacterial discovery programmes to develop new, more effective, narrow spectrum antibacterial agents for the treatment of S. aureus mastitis. With the availability and ongoing improvement of molecular research tools, these objectives may not be out of reach in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Rainard
- ISP, INRA, Université de Tours, UMR1282, Nouzilly, France
| | - G Foucras
- IHAP, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - J R Fitzgerald
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - J L Watts
- Zoetis, External Innovation-Anti-Infectives, VMRD, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
| | - G Koop
- Veterinary Medicine, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J R Middleton
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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185
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Reyes J, Chaffer M, Rodriguez-Lecompte JC, Sánchez J, Zadoks RN, Robinson N, Cardona X, Ramírez N, Keefe GP. Short communication: Molecular epidemiology of Streptococcus agalactiae differs between countries. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:9294-9297. [PMID: 28918144 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Group B Streptococcus or Streptococcus agalactiae continue to be challenging for milk quality programs in countries with emerging dairy industries, such as Colombia, where high prevalence has been reported. Molecular typing of isolates is needed to understand the variability and epidemiology of this pathogen and to develop effective control and eradication programs. We characterized the molecular profile of Strep. agalactiae isolated from cows with subclinical mastitis in 21 Colombian dairy herds and measured diversity within and between herds using multilocus sequence typing. Isolates belonged to sequence type 248 [clonal complex (CC) 103; n = 30), ST1 (CC1; n = 6) or ST22 (CC22; n = 4)], whereas members of CC67/61, the dominant type in North America, were not detected. Presence of multiple clonally unrelated sequence type within a herd was common, which contrasts with the situation in European countries and suggests introduction from multiple sources. Our results demonstrate that conclusions from molecular epidemiological studies in 1 region cannot necessarily be extrapolated to other regions, and no single bovine-adapted CC of Strep. agalactiae exists in Colombia. Improvements in internal and external biosecurity will be needed to reduce Strep. agalactiae prevalence in Colombian dairy herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Reyes
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada C1A 4P3; Biogenesis Research Group, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52-21, C.P. 050010 Medellin, Colombia.
| | - M Chaffer
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada C1A 4P3
| | - Juan Carlos Rodriguez-Lecompte
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada C1A 4P3
| | - Javier Sánchez
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada C1A 4P3
| | - Ruth N Zadoks
- Moredun Research Institute, Penicuik, Scotland, UK, EH26 0PZ; Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK, G61 1QH
| | - Natasha Robinson
- Maritime Quality Milk Laboratory, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada C1A 4P3
| | | | - N Ramírez
- Epidemiology and Public Health, Centauro Research Group, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52-21, C.P. 050010 Medellín, Colombia
| | - G P Keefe
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada C1A 4P3
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186
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Gao X, Guo M, Zhang Z, Shen P, Yang Z, Zhang N. Baicalin promotes the bacteriostatic activity of lysozyme on S. aureus in mammary glands and neutrophilic granulocytes in mice. Oncotarget 2017; 8:19894-19901. [PMID: 28184027 PMCID: PMC5386731 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus causes mastitis as a result of community-acquired or nosocomial infections. Lysozyme (LYSO) is an enzyme that is upregulated in many organisms during the innate immune response against infection by bacterial pathogens. Baicalin is a bioactive flavonoid that can bind to enzymes, often to potentiate their effect. Here we tested the effects of baicalin on the activity of LYSO using the S. aureus mastitis mouse model and neutrophilic granulocyte model of S. aureus infection. In our experiments, S. aureus counts decreased with increasing baicalin concentration. Furthermore, qPCR and western blot analyses showed that LYSO expression was unaffected by baicalin, while fluorescence quenching and UV fluorescence spectral analyses showed that baicalin binds to LYSO. To test whether this binding increased LYSO activity, we assessed LYSO-induced bacteriostasis in the presence of baicalin. Our results showed that LYSO-induced S. aureus bacteriostasis increased with increasing concentrations of baicalin, and that baicalin binding to LYSO synergistically increased the antibacterial activity of LYSO. These results demonstrate that baicalin enhances LYSO-induced bacteriostasis during the innate immune response to S. aureus. They suggest baicalin is a potentially useful therapeutic agent for the treatment of bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Gao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyao Guo
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Zecai Zhang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Shen
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengtao Yang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Naisheng Zhang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, People's Republic of China
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187
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Kamaruzzaman NF, Chong SQY, Edmondson-Brown KM, Ntow-Boahene W, Bardiau M, Good L. Bactericidal and Anti-biofilm Effects of Polyhexamethylene Biguanide in Models of Intracellular and Biofilm of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Bovine Mastitis. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1518. [PMID: 28848527 PMCID: PMC5554503 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus infection is a common cause of mastitis, reducing milk yield, affecting animal welfare and causing huge economic losses within the dairy industry. In addition to the problem of acquired drug resistance, bacterial invasion into udder cells and the formation of surface biofilms are believed to reduce antibiotic efficacy, leading to treatment failure. Here, we investigated the antimicrobial activities of enrofloxacin, an antibiotic that is commonly used in mastitis therapy and polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB), an antimicrobial polymer. The antimicrobial activities were tested against intracellular S. aureus in infected Mac-T cells (host cells). Also, fluorescein-tagged PHMB was used to study PHMB uptake and localization with S. aureus within the infected Mac-T cells. Anti-biofilm activities were tested by treating S. aureus biofilms and measuring effects on biofilm mass in vitro. Enrofloxacin and PHMB at 15 mg/L killed between 42 to 92 and 99.9% of intracellular S. aureus, respectively. PHMB-FITC entered and colocalized with the intracellular S. aureus, suggesting direct interaction of the drug with the bacteria inside the host cells. Enrofloxacin and PHMB at 15 mg/L reduced between 10 to 27% and 28 to 37% of biofilms' mass, respectively. The half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) obtained from a cytotoxicity assay were 345 ± 91 and 21 ± 2 mg/L for enrofloxacin and PHMB, respectively; therefore, both compounds were tolerated by the host cells at high concentrations. These findings suggest that both antimicrobials are effective against intracellular S. aureus and can disrupt biofilm structures, with PHMB being more potent against intracellular S. aureus, highlighting the potential application of PHMB in mastitis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nor F Kamaruzzaman
- Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology, Royal Veterinary CollegeLondon, United Kingdom
| | - Stacy Q Y Chong
- Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology, Royal Veterinary CollegeLondon, United Kingdom
| | | | - Winnie Ntow-Boahene
- Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology, Royal Veterinary CollegeLondon, United Kingdom
| | - Marjorie Bardiau
- Centre for Expertise in the Treatment and Management of Water (CEBEDEAU)Liège, Belgium
| | - Liam Good
- Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology, Royal Veterinary CollegeLondon, United Kingdom
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188
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Dieser SA, Fessia AS, Ferrari MP, Raspanti CG, Odierno LM. Streptococcus uberis: In vitro biofilm production in response to carbohydrates and skim milk. Rev Argent Microbiol 2017; 49:305-310. [PMID: 28774481 DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus uberis has become one of the most important environmental pathogens associated with clinical and subclinical bovine mastitis. Biofilm confers to bacteria more resistance to physical and chemical agents as well as to different mechanisms of the innate immune system. The aim of this work was to evaluate the ability of in vitro biofilm production in 32 S. uberis isolates from bovine mastitis and identified by biochemical tests and subsequently confirmed by the amplification of the pauA gene. The isolates were cultivated in TMP broth and TMP broth with the addition of 0.5% glucose, 1% sucrose, 1% lactose or 0.5% skim milk in microtiter plates stained with crystal violet. We demonstrated that S. uberis isolated from bovine mastitis are able to produce biofilms in TMP broth and, also that biofilm formation by S. uberis can be significantly enhanced by the addition of 0.5% glucose or 1% sucrose to TMP broth. This may suggest that the carbohydrates in milk or within the ruminant gut might affect the growth mode of S. uberis. In addition, our results showed that in vitro biofilm production under different conditions of supplementation displays variation among the isolates and that each isolate shows a particular profile of biofilm production. This phenotypic heterogeneity in biofilm production exhibited by S. uberis could at least partly explain why this bacterium has the ability to adapt to different niches facilitating survival to diverse and stressful conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana A Dieser
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Exact, Physico-Chemical and Natural Sciences, National University of Río Cuarto, National Route 36 at Km 601, X5804ZAB Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Aluminé S Fessia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Exact, Physico-Chemical and Natural Sciences, National University of Río Cuarto, National Route 36 at Km 601, X5804ZAB Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Miriam P Ferrari
- Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Río Cuarto, National Route 36 at Km 601, X5804ZAB Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Claudia G Raspanti
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Exact, Physico-Chemical and Natural Sciences, National University of Río Cuarto, National Route 36 at Km 601, X5804ZAB Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Liliana M Odierno
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Exact, Physico-Chemical and Natural Sciences, National University of Río Cuarto, National Route 36 at Km 601, X5804ZAB Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.
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189
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Carvalho-Castro GA, Silva JR, Paiva LV, Custódio DAC, Moreira RO, Mian GF, Prado IA, Chalfun-Junior A, Costa GM. Molecular epidemiology of Streptococcus agalactiae isolated from mastitis in Brazilian dairy herds. Braz J Microbiol 2017; 48:551-559. [PMID: 28256391 PMCID: PMC5498452 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus agalactiae is one of the most common pathogens leading to mastitis in dairy herds worldwide; consequently, the pathogen causes major economic losses for affected farmers. In this study, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), genotypic capsular typing by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and virulence gene detection were performed to address the molecular epidemiology of 59 bovine (mastitis) S. agalactiae isolates from 36 dairy farms located in the largest milk-producing mesoregions in Brazil (Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Paraná, and Pernambuco). We screened for the virulence genes bac, bca, bibA, cfb, hylB, fbsA, fbsB, PI-1, PI-2a, and PI-2b, which are associated with adhesion, invasion, tissue damage, and/or immune evasion. Furthermore, five capsular types were identified (Ia, Ib, II, III, and IV), and a few isolates were classified as non-typeable (NT). MLST revealed the following eight sequence types (STs): ST-61, ST-67, ST-103, ST-146, ST-226, ST-314, and ST-570, which were clustered in five clonal complexes (CC64, CC67, CC103, CC17, and CC314), and one singleton, ST-91. Among the virulence genes screened in this study, PI-2b, fbsB, cfb, and hylB appear to be the most important during mastitis development in cattle. Collectively, these results establish the molecular epidemiology of S. agalactiae isolated from cows in Brazilian herds. We believe that the data presented here provide a foundation for future research aimed at developing and implementing new preventative and treatment options for mastitis caused by S. agalactiae.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juliana R Silva
- Federal University of Lavras, Laboratory of Bacteriology, Lavras, Brazil
| | - Luciano V Paiva
- Federal University of Lavras, Central Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Lavras, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael O Moreira
- Federal University of Lavras, Central Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Lavras, Brazil
| | - Glaucia F Mian
- Federal University of Lavras, Laboratory of Bacteriology, Lavras, Brazil
| | - Ingrid A Prado
- Federal University of Lavras, Laboratory of Bacteriology, Lavras, Brazil
| | | | - Geraldo M Costa
- Federal University of Lavras, Laboratory of Bacteriology, Lavras, Brazil.
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190
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Abstract
Bovine mastitis is an important animal production disease that affects the dairy industry globally. Studies have estimated the prevalence of this disease in approximately 30% of African countries, with the highest prevalence found in Ethiopia. This is despite the wide cattle distribution in Africa, and the largest number of dairy farms and herds in countries such as South Africa, Kenya and Uganda. Furthermore, the estimated financial losses due to direct and indirect impacts of bovine mastitis are lacking in this continent. Therefore, intensive research efforts will help determine the continent-wide economic impacts and advance careful monitoring of disease prevalence and epidemiology. Here, published cases supporting the occurrence and importance of bovine mastitis in certain regions of Africa are outlined.
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191
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Wang R, Li LP, Huang T, Lei AY, Huang Y, Luo FG, Wang DY, Huang WY, Chen M, Huang J. Genomic comparison of virulent and non-virulent serotype V ST1 Streptococcus agalactiae in fish. Vet Microbiol 2017; 207:164-169. [PMID: 28757019 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus agalactiae or Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is the major pathogen causing pneumonia and meningitis in human, mastitis in dairy cows, and streptococcal disease in tilapia. Previous studies have shown that fish GBS strains are correlated with human GBS strains in evolution and might have cross-host infection ability. Although the invasive disease caused by ST1 GBS in non-pregnant adults and cows is increasing worldwide, infection of fish by ST1 GBS has not been reported. The aim of this study was to determine whether ST1 GBS was virulent in fish and to investigate the genomic characteristics of ST1 GBS strains with different pathogenicity in tilapia. The human-derived serotype V ST1 GBS strains NNA048 and NNA038 were used to intraperitoneally challenge Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) with doses of 1.0×109CFU/fish, 1.0×107CFU/fish, and 1.0×105CFU/fish, respectively. The cumulative mortality rates of NNA048 infection at three different doses were 100.00%, 83.33%, and 40.00%. In contrast, there were no any sick or dead fish in NNA038 infection group. Histopathological results indicated that challenge of tilapia with NNA048 caused different degree of degeneration and necrosis in brain, liver, spleen, head kidney, and gut, and a large number of blue-stained Streptococcus granules were observed in the tissues. In contrast, there were no any lesions in the tissues of tilapia that were challenged with NNA038. Genome comparison showed that the major genome differences between NNA048 and NNA038 were attributed to the different phage sequences, and there was a 49.8kb length, intact phage sequence encoding 68 proteins in NNA048 genome. SNV and Indels analysis between NNA038 and NNA048 genomes indicated that there were a total of 96 SNVs, 5 deletions and 1 insert. Taken together, serotype V ST1 GBS was comprised of virulent and nonvirulent strains to tilapia, and gene rearrangement might be the main reason of causing different levels of virulence between strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory for Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Institute of Fisheries, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Li-Ping Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Institute of Fisheries, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Ting Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Institute of Fisheries, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Ai-Ying Lei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Institute of Fisheries, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Guangxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Fu-Guang Luo
- Liuzhou's Aquaculture Technology Extending Station, Liuzhou 545006, China
| | - Dong-Ying Wang
- Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Wei-Yi Huang
- Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China.
| | - Ming Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Institute of Fisheries, Nanning 530021, China.
| | - Jun Huang
- Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China.
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192
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Vélez JR, Cameron M, Rodríguez-Lecompte JC, Xia F, Heider LC, Saab M, McClure JT, Sánchez J. Whole-Genome Sequence Analysis of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Streptococcus uberis and Streptococcus dysgalactiae Isolates from Canadian Dairy Herds. Front Vet Sci 2017; 4:63. [PMID: 28589129 PMCID: PMC5438997 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2017.00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study are to determine the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes using whole-genome sequence (WGS) of Streptococcus uberis (S. uberis) and Streptococcus dysgalactiae (S. dysgalactiae) isolates, recovered from dairy cows in the Canadian Maritime Provinces. A secondary objective included the exploration of the association between phenotypic AMR and the genomic characteristics (genome size, guanine–cytosine content, and occurrence of unique gene sequences). Initially, 91 isolates were sequenced, and of these isolates, 89 were assembled. Furthermore, 16 isolates were excluded due to larger than expected genomic sizes (>2.3 bp × 1,000 bp). In the final analysis, 73 were used with complete WGS and minimum inhibitory concentration records, which were part of the previous phenotypic AMR study, representing 18 dairy herds from the Maritime region of Canada (1). A total of 23 unique AMR gene sequences were found in the bacterial genomes, with a mean number of 8.1 (minimum: 5; maximum: 13) per genome. Overall, there were 10 AMR genes [ANT(6), TEM-127, TEM-163, TEM-89, TEM-95, Linb, Lnub, Ermb, Ermc, and TetS] present only in S. uberis genomes and 2 genes unique (EF-TU and TEM-71) to the S. dysgalactiae genomes; 11 AMR genes [APH(3′), TEM-1, TEM-136, TEM-157, TEM-47, TetM, bl2b, gyrA, parE, phoP, and rpoB] were found in both bacterial species. Two-way tabulations showed association between the phenotypic susceptibility to lincosamides and the presence of linB (P = 0.002) and lnuB (P < 0.001) genes and the between the presence of tetM (P = 0.015) and tetS (P = 0.064) genes and phenotypic resistance to tetracyclines only for the S. uberis isolates. The logistic model showed that the odds of resistance (to any of the phenotypically tested antimicrobials) was 4.35 times higher when there were >11 AMR genes present in the genome, compared with <7 AMR genes (P < 0.001). The odds of resistance was lower for S. dysgalactiae than S. uberis (P = 0.031). When the within-herd somatic cell count was >250,000 cells/mL, a trend toward higher odds of resistance compared with the baseline category of <150,000 cells/mL was observed. When the isolate corresponded to a post-mastitis sample, there were lower odds of resistance when compared with non-clinical isolates (P = 0.01). The results of this study showed the strength of associations between phenotypic AMR resistance of both mastitis pathogens and their genotypic resistome and other epidemiological characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julián Reyes Vélez
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - Marguerite Cameron
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - Juan Carlos Rodríguez-Lecompte
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - Fangfang Xia
- Mathematics and Computer Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Luke C Heider
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - Matthew Saab
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada.,Diagnostic Services, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - J Trenton McClure
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - Javier Sánchez
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
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193
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Condas LAZ, De Buck J, Nobrega DB, Carson DA, Naushad S, De Vliegher S, Zadoks RN, Middleton JR, Dufour S, Kastelic JP, Barkema HW. Prevalence of non-aureus staphylococci species causing intramammary infections in Canadian dairy herds. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:5592-5612. [PMID: 28527793 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-12478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Non-aureus staphylococci (NAS), the microorganisms most frequently isolated from bovine milk worldwide, are a heterogeneous group of numerous species. To establish their importance as a group, the distribution of individual species needs to be determined. In the present study, NAS intramammary infection (IMI) was defined as a milk sample containing ≥1,000 cfu/mL in pure or mixed culture that was obtained from a cohort of cows assembled by the Canadian Bovine Mastitis Research Network. Overall, 6,213 (6.3%) of 98,233 quarter-milk samples from 5,149 cows and 20,305 udder quarters were associated with an NAS IMI. Of the 6,213 phenotypically identified NAS isolates, 5,509 (89%) were stored by the Canadian Bovine Mastitis Research Network Mastitis Pathogen Collection and characterized using partial sequencing of the rpoB housekeeping gene, confirming 5,434 isolates as NAS. Prevalence of each NAS species IMI was estimated using Bayesian models, with presence of a specific NAS species as the outcome. Overall quarter-level NAS IMI prevalence was 26%. The most prevalent species causing IMI were Staphylococcus chromogenes (13%), Staphylococcus simulans (4%), Staphylococcus haemolyticus (3%), Staphylococcus xylosus (2%), and Staphylococcus epidermidis (1%). The prevalence of NAS IMI as a group was highest in first-parity heifers and was evenly distributed throughout cows in parities ≥2. The IMI prevalence of some species such as S. chromogenes, S. simulans, and S. epidermidis differed among parities. Overall prevalence of NAS IMI was 35% at calving, decreased over the next 10 d, and then gradually increased until the end of lactation. The prevalence of S. chromogenes, Staphylococcus gallinarum, Staphylococcus cohnii, and Staphylococcus capitis was highest at calving, whereas the prevalence of S. chromogenes, S. haemolyticus, S. xylosus, and S. cohnii increased during lactation. Although the overall prevalence of NAS IMI was similar across barn types, the prevalence of S. simulans, S. xylosus, S. cohnii, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, S. capitis, and Staphylococcus arlettae IMI was higher in tiestall barns; the prevalence of S. epidermidis IMI was lowest; and the prevalence of S. chromogenes and Staphylococcus sciuri IMI was highest in bedded-pack barns. Staphylococcus simulans, S. epidermidis, S. xylosus, and S. cohnii IMI were more prevalent in herds with intermediate to high bulk milk somatic cell count (BMSCC) and S. haemolyticus IMI was more prevalent in herds with high BMSCC, whereas other common NAS species IMI were equally prevalent in all 3 BMSCC categories. Distribution of NAS species IMI differed among the 4 regions of Canada. In conclusion, distribution differed considerably among NAS species IMI; therefore, accurate identification (species level) is essential for studying NAS epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa A Z Condas
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada; Canadian Bovine Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Network, St-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 7C6, Canada
| | - Jeroen De Buck
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada; Canadian Bovine Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Network, St-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 7C6, Canada
| | - Diego B Nobrega
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada; Canadian Bovine Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Network, St-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 7C6, Canada
| | - Domonique A Carson
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada; Canadian Bovine Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Network, St-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 7C6, Canada
| | - Sohail Naushad
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada; Canadian Bovine Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Network, St-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 7C6, Canada
| | - Sarne De Vliegher
- M-Team and Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Unit, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Ruth N Zadoks
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - John R Middleton
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211
| | - Simon Dufour
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, C. P. 5000, St-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 7C6, Canada; Canadian Bovine Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Network, St-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 7C6, Canada
| | - John P Kastelic
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Herman W Barkema
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada; Canadian Bovine Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Network, St-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 7C6, Canada.
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194
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Leimbach A, Poehlein A, Vollmers J, Görlich D, Daniel R, Dobrindt U. No evidence for a bovine mastitis Escherichia coli pathotype. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:359. [PMID: 28482799 PMCID: PMC5422975 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3739-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Escherichia coli bovine mastitis is a disease of significant economic importance in the dairy industry. Molecular characterization of mastitis-associated E. coli (MAEC) did not result in the identification of common traits. Nevertheless, a mammary pathogenic E. coli (MPEC) pathotype has been proposed suggesting virulence traits that differentiate MAEC from commensal E. coli. The present study was designed to investigate the MPEC pathotype hypothesis by comparing the genomes of MAEC and commensal bovine E. coli. Results We sequenced the genomes of eight E. coli isolated from bovine mastitis cases and six fecal commensal isolates from udder-healthy cows. We analyzed the phylogenetic history of bovine E. coli genomes by supplementing this strain panel with eleven bovine-associated E. coli from public databases. The majority of the isolates originate from phylogroups A and B1, but neither MAEC nor commensal strains could be unambiguously distinguished by phylogenetic lineage. The gene content of both MAEC and commensal strains is highly diverse and dominated by their phylogenetic background. Although individual strains carry some typical E. coli virulence-associated genes, no traits important for pathogenicity could be specifically attributed to MAEC. Instead, both commensal strains and MAEC have very few gene families enriched in either pathotype. Only the aerobactin siderophore gene cluster was enriched in commensal E. coli within our strain panel. Conclusions This is the first characterization of a phylogenetically diverse strain panel including several MAEC and commensal isolates. With our comparative genomics approach we could not confirm previous studies that argue for a positive selection of specific traits enabling MAEC to elicit bovine mastitis. Instead, MAEC are facultative and opportunistic pathogens recruited from the highly diverse bovine gastrointestinal microbiota. Virulence-associated genes implicated in mastitis are a by-product of commensalism with the primary function to enhance fitness in the bovine gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, we put the definition of the MPEC pathotype into question and suggest to designate corresponding isolates as MAEC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-017-3739-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Leimbach
- Institute of Hygiene, University of Münster, Mendelstrasse 7, 48149, Münster, Germany. .,Department of Genomic and Applied Microbiology, Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany. .,Institute for Molecular Infection Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Anja Poehlein
- Department of Genomic and Applied Microbiology, Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - John Vollmers
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ, German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dennis Görlich
- Institute of Biostatistics and Clinical Research, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Rolf Daniel
- Department of Genomic and Applied Microbiology, Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Dobrindt
- Institute of Hygiene, University of Münster, Mendelstrasse 7, 48149, Münster, Germany. .,Institute for Molecular Infection Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
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195
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Durrani AZ, Bashir Z, Rasheed I, Sarwar NUA. Epidemiological study of common diseases and their risk factors in camels in South Punjab, Pakistan. Microb Pathog 2017; 108:6-12. [PMID: 28428133 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Bacteriological study of mastitis along with common blood protozoan diseases were studied in dromedary camels in Cholistan, Dera Ismail Khan and Rahim Yar Khan districts in South Punjab, Pakistan. For this purpose 300 camels were sampled randomly at different common grazing and watering point. For study of blood parasites clinically suspected and apparently healthy camels, 150 each, were sampled. An overall prevalence of 15%and 5% was recorded for trypanosomiasis and Anaplasmosis respectively. Trypanosoma evansi was identified with 280 bp product on polymerase chain reaction test. There was significant (P < 0.05) decline in the values of total erythrocyte counts, hemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume, serum total proteins and albumin while erythrocyte sedimentation rate was increased in infected camels as compared to healthy ones. Aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma glutamyltransferase and alkaline phosphatase were also significantly increased in blood protozoan the infected animals. Milk samples for bacteriology were collected from healthy lactating camels (n = 100). Information about different risk factors were gathered on designed performa. Subclinical mastitis on surf field test was recorded in 42% camels while 2% cases of clinical mastitis were recorded. Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Bacillus cereus and. Corynebacterium kutscheri were isolated with characteristic beta and alpha hemolysis patterns. Chi-square analysis showed significant difference as p < 0.05 among various species of bacteria (χ2 = 21.649, P-Value = 0.0001, df = 3). Antibiogram showed Gentamicin, Norfloxacin, Oxytetracycline as most effective therapy for mastitis in camel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneela Zameer Durrani
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Zubair Bashir
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Imran Rasheed
- Department of Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Noor-Ul-Ain Sarwar
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
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196
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Jans C, Meile L, Kaindi DWM, Kogi-Makau W, Lamuka P, Renault P, Kreikemeyer B, Lacroix C, Hattendorf J, Zinsstag J, Schelling E, Fokou G, Bonfoh B. African fermented dairy products - Overview of predominant technologically important microorganisms focusing on African Streptococcus infantarius variants and potential future applications for enhanced food safety and security. Int J Food Microbiol 2017; 250:27-36. [PMID: 28364623 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Milk is a major source of nutrients, but can also be a vehicle for zoonotic foodborne diseases, especially when raw milk is consumed. In Africa, poor processing and storage conditions contribute to contamination, outgrowth and transmission of pathogens, which lead to spoilage, reduced food safety and security. Fermentation helps mitigate the impact of poor handling and storage conditions by enhancing shelf life and food safety. Traditionally-fermented sour milk products are culturally accepted and widely distributed in Africa, and rely on product-specific microbiota responsible for aroma, flavor and texture. Knowledge of microbiota and predominant, technologically important microorganisms is critical in developing products with enhanced quality and safety, as well as sustainable interventions for these products, including Africa-specific starter culture development. This narrative review summarizes current knowledge of technologically-important microorganisms of African fermented dairy products (FDP) and raw milk, taking into consideration novel findings and taxonomy when re-analyzing data of 29 publications covering 25 products from 17 African countries. Technologically-important lactic acid bacteria such as Lactococcus lactis and Streptococcus infantarius subsp. infantarius (Sii), Lactobacillus spp. and yeasts predominated in raw milk and FDP across Africa. Re-analysis of data also suggests a much wider distribution of Sii and thus a potentially longer history of use than previously expected. Therefore, evaluating the role and safety of African Sii lineages is important when developing interventions and starter cultures for FDP in Africa to enhance food safety and food security. In-depth functional genomics, epidemiologic investigations and latest identification approaches coupled with stakeholder involvement will be required to evaluate the possibility of African Sii lineages as novel food-grade Streptococcus lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Jans
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zurich, LFV C22, Schmelzbergstrasse 7, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Leo Meile
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zurich, LFV C22, Schmelzbergstrasse 7, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dasel Wambua Mulwa Kaindi
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Technology, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053, 00625 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Wambui Kogi-Makau
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Technology, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053, 00625 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Peter Lamuka
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Technology, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053, 00625 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Pierre Renault
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Bernd Kreikemeyer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology, Hygiene and Bacteriology, Rostock University Medical Center Rostock, Schillingallee 70, 18055 Rostock, Germany
| | - Christophe Lacroix
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zurich, LFV C22, Schmelzbergstrasse 7, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jan Hattendorf
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jakob Zinsstag
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Esther Schelling
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gilbert Fokou
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire (CSRS), Km 17, Adiopodoumé, Rte Dabou, 01 BP 1303 Abidjan 01, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Bassirou Bonfoh
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4003 Basel, Switzerland; Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire (CSRS), Km 17, Adiopodoumé, Rte Dabou, 01 BP 1303 Abidjan 01, Côte d'Ivoire.
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197
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Davis GS, Price LB. Recent Research Examining Links Among Klebsiella pneumoniae from Food, Food Animals, and Human Extraintestinal Infections. Curr Environ Health Rep 2017; 3:128-35. [PMID: 27022987 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-016-0089-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is a colonizer of livestock, a contaminant of retail meats and vegetables, and a cause of extraintestinal infections in humans. Antibiotic-resistant strains of K. pneumoniae are becoming increasingly prevalent among hospital and community-acquired infections. Antibiotics are used extensively in conventional food-animal production, where they select for antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Antibiotic-resistant K. pneumoniae has been isolated from livestock as well as from a variety of retail meats, seafood, and vegetables. Furthermore, recent phylogenetic analyses suggest close relationships between K. pneumoniae from humans and livestock. Therefore, it is essential that we quantify the contribution of foodborne K. pneumoniae to antibiotic-resistant human infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregg S Davis
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, 950 New Hampshire Ave NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA. .,Antibiotic Resistance Action Center, Milken Institute School of Public Health, 950 New Hampshire Ave, NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA.
| | - Lance B Price
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, 950 New Hampshire Ave NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA.,Antibiotic Resistance Action Center, Milken Institute School of Public Health, 950 New Hampshire Ave, NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
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198
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Francis S, Joseph S, Koshy EP, Mathew B. Synthesis and characterization of multifunctional gold and silver nanoparticles using leaf extract ofNaregamia alataand their applications in the catalysis and control of mastitis. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj02453c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Phytoreduced nanoparticles have multi-functionalities due to their sustainable origin and biocompatible nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijo Francis
- Department of Chemistry
- St. Joseph's College
- Moolamattom
- Idukki
- India
| | - Siby Joseph
- Department of Chemistry
- St. George's College
- Kottayam
- India
| | - Ebey P. Koshy
- Department of Chemistry
- St. Joseph's College
- Moolamattom
- Idukki
- India
| | - Beena Mathew
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Mahatma Gandhi University
- Kottayam-686560
- India
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199
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Almeida A, Alves-Barroco C, Sauvage E, Bexiga R, Albuquerque P, Tavares F, Santos-Sanches I, Glaser P. Persistence of a dominant bovine lineage of group B Streptococcus reveals genomic signatures of host adaptation. Environ Microbiol 2016; 18:4216-4229. [PMID: 27696631 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a host-generalist species, most notably causing disease in humans and cattle. However, the differential adaptation of GBS to its two main hosts, and the risk of animal to human infection remain poorly understood. Despite improvements in control measures across Europe, GBS is still one of the main causative agents of bovine mastitis in Portugal. Here, by whole-genome analysis of 150 bovine GBS isolates we discovered that a single CC61 clone is spreading throughout Portuguese herds since at least the early 1990s, having virtually replaced the previous GBS population. Mutations within an iron/manganese transporter were independently acquired by all of the CC61 isolates, underlining a key adaptive strategy to persist in the bovine host. Lateral transfer of bacteriocin production and antibiotic resistance genes also underscored the contribution of the microbial ecology and genetic pool within the bovine udder environment to the success of this clone. Compared to strains of human origin, GBS evolves twice as fast in bovines and undergoes recurrent pseudogenizations of human-adapted traits. Our work provides new insights into the potentially irreversible adaptation of GBS to the bovine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Almeida
- Institut Pasteur, Unité Evolution et Ecologie de la Résistance aux Antibiotiques, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 3525, Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Cinthia Alves-Barroco
- Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, UCIBIO - Unidade de Ciências Biomoleculares Aplicadas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Elisabeth Sauvage
- Institut Pasteur, Unité Evolution et Ecologie de la Résistance aux Antibiotiques, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 3525, Paris, France
| | - Ricardo Bexiga
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro Albuquerque
- CIBIO - Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO, Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Fernando Tavares
- CIBIO - Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO, Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal.,Faculdade de Ciências, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ilda Santos-Sanches
- Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, UCIBIO - Unidade de Ciências Biomoleculares Aplicadas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Philippe Glaser
- Institut Pasteur, Unité Evolution et Ecologie de la Résistance aux Antibiotiques, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 3525, Paris, France
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200
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Azevedo C, Pacheco D, Soares L, Moitoso M, Maldonado J, Guix R, Simões J. Prevalence of bovine milk pathogens in Azorean pastures: mobile versus fixed milking machines. Vet Rec Open 2016; 3:e000181. [PMID: 27843558 PMCID: PMC5093392 DOI: 10.1136/vetreco-2016-000181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of the present study were (1) to evaluate the influence of using mobile (n=47) or fixed (n=45) milking machines in Azorean herds on the apparent prevalence of several milk pathogens in bulk tank milk (BTM) and (2) to determine whether separated subclinical mastitic cows can serve, in real time, as predictors of milk pathogen prevalence for the remaining animals at the herd level. The use of a mobile or fixed milking machine influenced (P≤0.05) the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus (72.3 per cent; n=34 v 51.1 per cent; n=23, respectively) and Klebsiella species (46.8 per cent; n=22 v 26.7 per cent; n=12, respectively). S aureus (95 per cent CI OR 1.1 to 6.0) and Klebsiella species (95 per cent CI OR 1.0 to 5.8) were 2.5 times more likely to increase in the BTM of herds using mobile milking machines. The prevalence of coagulase-negative staphylococci (100 per cent; n=92), Escherichia coli (75.0 per cent), Corynebacterium bovis (57.6 per cent), Enterococcus species (55.4 per cent), Streptococcus dysgalactiae (51.1 per cent), Streptococcus uberis (41.3 per cent), Actinomyces pyogenes or Peptostreptococcus indolicus (41.3 per cent) and Streptococcus agalactiae (32.6 per cent) in BTM remained similar among the herds. κ coefficients were always <0.70, indicating intra-herd disagreement of the prevalence of milk pathogens between BTM and separated milking cows. Milking hygiene should be improved in pastures, focusing specifically on herds that use a mobile milking machine. The segregated cows at milking time are not good predictors of milk pathogens in BTM.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Azevedo
- HIPRA, Avenida La Selva , Girona , Spain
| | - D Pacheco
- University of Évora. Largo dos colegiais 2 , Évora , Portugal
| | - L Soares
- São Miguel Young Farmers Association , São Miguel, Azores , Portugal
| | - M Moitoso
- São Miguel Young Farmers Association , São Miguel, Azores , Portugal
| | | | - R Guix
- HIPRA, Avenida La Selva , Girona , Spain
| | - J Simões
- University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro , Vila Real , Portugal
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