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Schindler TI, Wagner JJ, Goedicke-Fritz S, Rogosch T, Coccejus V, Laudenbach V, Nikolaizik W, Härtel C, Maier RF, Kerzel S, Zemlin M. T H17 Cell Frequency in Peripheral Blood Is Elevated in Overweight Children without Chronic Inflammatory Diseases. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1543. [PMID: 29201026 PMCID: PMC5696328 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of obesity has dramatically increased in children in the last few decades and is associated with chronic inflammatory diseases. Fat tissue produces IL-6 and TNF-α, which are stimuli for TH17 cell differentiation. These cells are characterized by expression of the transcription factor receptor-related orphan receptor C (RORC) and by IL-17A production. In murine models, obesity has been linked with elevated TH17 cell frequencies. The aim of this study was to explore whether being overweight was associated with an elevated frequency of circulating TH17 cells or elevated messenger RNA (mRNA)-levels of IL-17A and RORC in children without chronic inflammatory diseases. Methods We studied peripheral blood samples from 15 overweight and 50 non-overweight children without a history of autoimmune diseases, asthma, atopic dermatitis or allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. TH17 cells were quantified in Ionomycin stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells by flow cytometry using intracellular IL-17A staining. RORC- and IL-17A expressions were measured by real-time PCR. Results We found significantly elevated TH cell frequencies in overweight children compared then on-overweight controls with 34.7 ± 1.5% of CD3+CD4+ cells versus 25.4 ± 2.4% (mean ± SEM, p = 0.0023), respectively. Moreover, TH cell frequencies correlated positively with body mass index (r = 0.42, p = 0.0005, respectively). The relative mRNA expression of RORC (p = 0.013) and IL-17A (p = 0.014) were upregulated in overweight compared to non-overweight children. Conclusion Childhood obesity is an independent factor that is associated with an elevated frequency of circulating TH17 cells and higher expression of RORC- and IL-17A-mRNA after in vitro stimulation with Ionomycin. This might be due to the inflammatory activity of the fat tissue. Studies on TH17 immunity should not only be adjusted for acute and chronic inflammatory diseases but also for overweight.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Johanna-Josophina Wagner
- Children's Hospital, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany.,Department of Pediatrics, Helios-Klinikum Buch, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sybelle Goedicke-Fritz
- Children's Hospital, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany.,Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, University Children's Hospital of Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Rogosch
- Children's Hospital, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sebastian Kerzel
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology and Allergy, University Children's Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Zemlin
- Children's Hospital, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany.,Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, University Children's Hospital of Saarland, Homburg, Germany
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153
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Lambert EA, Phillips S, Belski R, Tursunalieva A, Eikelis N, Sari CI, Dixon JB, Straznicky N, Grima M, Head GA, Schlaich M, Lambert GW. Endothelial Function in Healthy Young Individuals Is Associated with Dietary Consumption of Saturated Fat. Front Physiol 2017; 8:876. [PMID: 29170641 PMCID: PMC5684178 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A diet rich in fat, in particular saturated fat (SF), may be linked to cardiovascular disease development, possibly due to a detrimental effect of fat on endothelial function (EF). Objective: We aimed to determine whether the habitual SF intake [as a ratio to total fat (the sum of saturated, polyunsaturated, and monounsaturated fat)] might influence endothelial function in young, overweight but otherwise healthy adults. Design: Sixty-nine young adults (49 males, mean age: 23 ± 1 years, mean BMI: 29.1 ± 0.8 kg/m2) were classified into three tertiles according to their habitual SF intake consumption (low SF: <39%, medium SF 39.1–43.7%, and high SF: >43.7% of total fat). Endothelial function was assessed using digital amplitude tonometry. Results: The three groups of individuals were comparable for total energy intake and calories from: fat, protein, and carbohydrates. There was no difference in anthropometric and hemodynamic variables among the groups. Those in the high SF group presented with impaired endothelial function [reactive hyperemia index (RHI): high SF: 1.60 ± 0.08 compared to 2.23 ± 0.16 in the medium SF and 2.12 ± 0.14 in the low SF group, P < 0.01]. Regression analysis, including gender, age, ethnicity, body mass index indicated that the ratio of SF to total fat was an independent predictor of the RHI (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The habitual consumption of a diet high in SF in relation to polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fat was strongly associated with impaired endothelial function in young overweight adults, potentially contributing to increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth A Lambert
- Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia.,Human Neurotransmitters Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah Phillips
- Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia.,Human Neurotransmitters Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Regina Belski
- Department of Health Professions, School of Health Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
| | - Ainura Tursunalieva
- Department of Statistics Data Science and Epidemiology, School of Health Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
| | - Nina Eikelis
- Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia.,Human Neurotransmitters Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Carolina I Sari
- Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
| | - John B Dixon
- Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia.,Human Neurotransmitters Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Clinical Obesity Research Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of General Practice, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Nora Straznicky
- Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
| | - Mariee Grima
- Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
| | - Geoffrey A Head
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Markus Schlaich
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine-Royal Perth Hospital Unit, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Gavin W Lambert
- Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia.,Human Neurotransmitters Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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154
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Bolat MS, Bilge SS, Akdeniz E, Cinar O, Firat F, Agri AE, Bakirtas M, Alici O, Erdemir F. Effect of a Carbohydrate-Rich Diet on Rat Detrusor Smooth Muscle Contractility: An Experimental Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:5796456. [PMID: 29201908 PMCID: PMC5671679 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5796456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the effect of a carbohydrate-rich diet on detrusor contractility in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into two groups. The control group received regular food and water. The study group received carbohydrate-rich diet for six weeks. The rats' detrusor muscle was isolated for pharmacological and histopathological examinations. RESULTS In the control and study groups, mean body weights were 431.5 ± 27.6 g and 528.0 ± 36.2 g, respectively (p < 0.001). Electrical stimulation of the detrusor strips of the control group resulted in gradual contraction. A decreased contractile response was shown in the study group. Acetylcholine in 10-7-10-3 molar concentration produced a decreased contractile response in the study group, compared to the control group (p < 0.01). The study group showed marked subepithelial and intermuscular fibrosis in the bladder. CONCLUSION Carbohydrate-rich diet causes marked subepithelial and extracellular fibrosis and changes in contractility in the detrusor within a six-week period. Changes have higher costs in therapeutic choices and correction of these changes remains difficult. Putting an end to carbohydrate-rich diet would seem to be more cost-effective than dealing with the effects of consuming it in high proportions which should be the national policy worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Suat Bolat
- Department of Urology, Samsun Training and Research Hospital, Health Sciences University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Sırrı S. Bilge
- Department of Pharmacology, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Ekrem Akdeniz
- Department of Urology, Samsun Training and Research Hospital, Health Sciences University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Onder Cinar
- Department of Urology, Samsun Training and Research Hospital, Health Sciences University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Fatih Firat
- Urology Clinic, Tokat State Hospital, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Arzu Erdal Agri
- Department of Pharmacology, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Bakirtas
- Department of Pathology, Samsun Training and Research Hospital, Health Sciences University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Omer Alici
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Fikret Erdemir
- Department of Urology, Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey
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155
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Tofano RJ, Barbalho SM, Bechara MD, Quesada K, Mendes CG, Oshiiwa M. Hypertension, C Reactive Protein and Metabolic Profile: What is the Scenario in Patients Undergoing Arteriography? J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:BC19-BC23. [PMID: 28969113 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/26595.10456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION High Blood Pressure (HBP), Diabetes Mellitus (DM), Metabolic Syndrome (MS) and Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD) are among the main causes of death worldwide and HBP is one of the most common chronic health problem representing an important and modifiable risk factor for vascular events and mortality. AIM To study the association among high sensitivity CRP levels, and the biochemical, and anthropometric profile in hypertensive and non-hypertensive patients who underwent arteriography. MATERIALS AND METHODS This research was performed at the Haemodynamic Laboratory of the University Hospital in the city of Marilia - state of São Paulo, Brazil. Ninety-five subjects who underwent arteriography were included. Anthropometric (body mass index and waist circumference) and biochemical parameters (glycaemia, total cholesterol, HDL-c, LDL-c, triglycerides, and high sensitivity C reactive protein), were evaluated. Variables pertaining to blood pressure, atherogenic indices, diagnosis of metabolic syndrome and catheterization details were collected. Statistical analysis was performed with Chi-square test, Fisher, Student t-test and ANOVA complemented by Tukey test. RESULTS Our results showed that 78.95% of the patients who underwent arteriography were suffering from HBP. Hypertensive individuals had significantly higher glycaemia (124.14±45.33 mg/dL) or DM, higher values of triglycerides (195.27±74.52 mg/dL), waist circumference (98.52±12.52 cm), body mass index (29.99±1.41 kg/m2) and hs-CRP (0.53±0.44 mg/dL). Most of the hypertensive patients (93.33%) presented with MS and were related to the presence of more severe lesions in the arteries and had passed through more invasive procedures like angioplasty and surgery. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that blood pressure control is of paramount importance to ensure better quality of life and life expectancy as it is associated with several risk factors that increase the morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Jose Tofano
- Cardiologist, Cardiac Surgery Unit and Hemodynamics, Medical School of Marilia, Marilia, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra Maria Barbalho
- Professor, Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, Medical School of Marilia, Marilia, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Dib Bechara
- Professor, Department of Food and Technology, School of Marília (FATEC), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karina Quesada
- Professor, Cardiac Surgery Unit and Hemodynamics, Medical School of Marilia, Marilia, Sao Paulo, British Indian Ocean Territory
| | - Claudemir Gregorio Mendes
- Professor, Cardiac Surgery Unit and Hemodynamics, Medical School of Marilia, Marilia, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marie Oshiiwa
- Professor, Department of Statistics, Food and Technology School of Marília (FATEC), Sao Paulo, Brazil
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156
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Chen YC, Lu PH. Body mass index is negatively associated with the intensity of acute zoster-associated pain in Taiwanese: A cross-sectional study. J Am Acad Dermatol 2017; 77:779-782.e1. [PMID: 28917467 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2017.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chia Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsuan Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Dermatology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
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157
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Chao CM, Lai CC, Cheng AC, Chiang SR, Liu WL, Ho CH, Hsing SC, Chen CM, Cheng KC. Establishing failure predictors for the planned extubation of overweight and obese patients. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183360. [PMID: 28813495 PMCID: PMC5558963 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated failure predictors for the planned extubation of overweight (body mass index [BMI] = 25.0–29.9) and obese (BMI ≥ 30) patients. All patients admitted to the adult intensive care unit (ICU) of a tertiary hospital in Taiwan were identified. They had all undergone endotracheal intubation for > 48 h and were candidates for extubation. During the study, 595 patients (overweight = 458 [77%]); obese = 137 [23%]) with planned extubation after weaning were included in the analysis; extubation failed in 34 patients (5.7%). Their mean BMI was 28.5 ± 3.8. Only BMI and age were significantly different between overweight and obese patients. The mortality rate for ICU patients was 0.8%, and 2.9% for inpatients during days 1–28; the overall in-hospital mortality rate was 8.4%. Failed Extubation group patients were significantly older, had more end-stage renal disease (ESRD), more cardiovascular system-related respiratory failure, higher maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), lower maximal expiratory pressure (MEP), higher blood urea nitrogen, and higher ICU- and 28-day mortality rates than did the Successful Extubation group. Multivariate logistic regression showed that cardiovascular-related respiratory failure (odds ratio [OR]: 2.60; 95% [confidence interval] CI: 1.16–5.80), ESRD (OR: 14.00; 95% CI: 6.25–31.35), and MIP levels (OR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.90–0.97) were associated with extubation failure. We conclude that the extubation failure risk in overweight and obese patients was associated with cardiovascular system-related respiratory failure, ESRD, and low MIP levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Ming Chao
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Cheng Lai
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Taiwan
| | - Ai-Chin Cheng
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Ren Chiang
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- Chia Nan University of Pharmacy & Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lun Liu
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Han Ho
- Departments of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chen Hsing
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Ming Chen
- Chia Nan University of Pharmacy & Science, Tainan, Taiwan
- Departments of Intensive Care Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (KCC); (CMC)
| | - Kuo-Chen Cheng
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Safety Health and Environmental Engineering, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (KCC); (CMC)
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158
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Chang SS, Sung FC, Lin CL, Hu WS. Association between hemorrhoid and risk of coronary heart disease: A nationwide population-based cohort study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e7662. [PMID: 28767586 PMCID: PMC5626140 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000007662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to address the association between hemorrhoid and the subsequent risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) development.This retrospective cohort study used reimbursement claims data from the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2000 in Taiwan. Thirty-three thousand thirty-four patients with hemorrhoids and 132,136 age-, gender-, and index year matched controls between 2000 and 2010 were identified. Cox model was performed to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of CHD development for the hemorrhoid cohort compared with the nonhemorrhoid cohort.During a follow-up period of 12 years, the overall incidence rate of CHD was 9.91 per 1000 person-years in the hemorrhoid patients and was 1.36-fold higher than in the nonhemorrhoid cohort (7.28 per 1000 person-years) with an adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of 1.27 (95% CI = 1.21-1.34). Moreover, compared with the nonhemorrhoid patients without these comorbidities, among patients with hemorrhoids, those with any 2 comorbidities were at a significantly increased risk of CHD (HR = 7.12, 95% CI = 6.61-7.67; P < .001), followed by those with any 1 comorbidity (HR = 3.23, 95% CI = 2.94-3.54; P < .001).We found that hemorrhoid patients had a 1.27-fold higher risk of CHD compared with those without hemorrhoids after adjusting for the potential confounding factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Sheng Chang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, China Medical University Hospital
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University
| | - Fung-Chang Sung
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital
- Department of Health Services Administration
| | - Cheng-Li Lin
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital
| | - Wei-Syun Hu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, China Medical University Hospital
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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159
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Wang Q, Yuan J, Yu Z, Lin L, Jiang Y, Cao Z, Zhuang P, Whalen MJ, Song B, Wang XJ, Li X, Lo EH, Xu Y, Wang X. FGF21 Attenuates High-Fat Diet-Induced Cognitive Impairment via Metabolic Regulation and Anti-inflammation of Obese Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:4702-4717. [PMID: 28712011 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0663-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating studies suggest that overnutrition-associated obesity may lead to development of type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndromes (MetS). MetS and its components are important risk factors of mild cognitive impairment, age-related cognitive decline, vascular dementia, and Alzheimer's disease. It has been recently proposed that development of a disease-course modification strategy toward early and effective risk factor management would be clinically significant in reducing the risk of metabolic disorder-initiated cognitive decline. In the present study, we propose that fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a novel candidate for the disease-course modification approach. Using a high-fat diet (HFD) consumption-induced obese mouse model, we tested our hypothesis that recombinant human FGF21 (rFGF21) administration is effective for improving obesity-induced cognitive dysfunction and anxiety-like behavior, by its multiple metabolic modulation and anti-pro-inflammation actions. Our experimental findings support our hypothesis that rFGF21 is protective to HFD-induced cognitive impairment, at least in part by metabolic regulation in glucose tolerance impairment, insulin resistance, and hyperlipidemia; potent systemic pro-inflammation inhibition; and improvement of hippocampal dysfunction, particularly by inhibiting pro-neuroinflammation and neurogenesis deficit. This study suggests that FGF21 might be a novel molecular target of the disease-course-modifying strategy for early intervention of MstS-associated cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhi Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450007, China.,Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Jing Yuan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450007, China.,Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Zhanyang Yu
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Li Lin
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Yinghua Jiang
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Zeyuan Cao
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Pengwei Zhuang
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Michael J Whalen
- Neurobehavioral Core Facility, Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Bo Song
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450007, China
| | - Xiao-Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Eng H Lo
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Yuming Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450007, China.
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA.
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160
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Gaudieri V, Nappi C, Acampa W, Assante R, Zampella E, Magliulo M, Petretta M, Cuocolo A. Assessment of cardiovascular impairment in obese patients: Limitations and troubleshooting of available imaging tools. Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.remnie.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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161
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Fernández-Sanlés A, Sayols-Baixeras S, Subirana I, Degano IR, Elosua R. Association between DNA methylation and coronary heart disease or other atherosclerotic events: A systematic review. Atherosclerosis 2017; 263:325-333. [PMID: 28577936 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review of the association between DNA methylation and coronary heart disease (CHD) or related atherosclerotic traits. METHODS A systematic review was designed. The condition of interest was DNA methylation, and the outcome was CHD or other atherosclerosis-related traits. Three DNA methylation approaches were considered: global methylation, candidate-gene, and epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS). A functional analysis was undertaken using the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software. RESULTS In total, 51 articles were included in the analysis: 12 global methylation, 34 candidate-gene and 11 EWAS, with six studies using more than one approach. The results of the global methylation studies were inconsistent. The candidate-gene results were consistent for some genes, suggesting that hypermethylation in ESRα, ABCG1 and FOXP3 and hypomethylation in IL-6 were associated with CHD. The EWAS identified 84 genes showing differential methylation associated with CHD in more than one study. The probability of these findings was <1.37·10-5. One third of these genes have been related to obesity in genome-wide association studies. The functional analysis identified several diseases and functions related to these set of genes: inflammatory, metabolic and cardiovascular disease. CONCLUSIONS Global DNA methylation seems to be not associated with CHD. The evidence from candidate-gene studies was limited. The EWAS identified a set of 84 genes highlighting the relevance of obesity, inflammation, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in CHD. This set of genes could be prioritized in future studies assessing the role of DNA methylation in CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Fernández-Sanlés
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics Research Group, REGICOR Study Group, IMIM (Hospital Del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sergi Sayols-Baixeras
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics Research Group, REGICOR Study Group, IMIM (Hospital Del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CIBER Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Isaac Subirana
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics Research Group, REGICOR Study Group, IMIM (Hospital Del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Irene R Degano
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics Research Group, REGICOR Study Group, IMIM (Hospital Del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CIBER Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Roberto Elosua
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics Research Group, REGICOR Study Group, IMIM (Hospital Del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CIBER Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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162
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Agarwal S, Sud K, Thakkar B, Menon V, Jaber WA, Kapadia SR. Changing Trends of Atherosclerotic Risk Factors Among Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction and Acute Ischemic Stroke. Am J Cardiol 2017; 119:1532-1541. [PMID: 28372804 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2017.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the secular trends in demographics, risk factors, and clinical characteristics of patients presenting with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) or acute ischemic stroke (AIS), using a large nationally representative data set of in-hospital admissions. We used the 2003 to 2013 Nationwide Inpatient Sample. All admissions with primary diagnosis of AMI or AIS were included. Across 2003 to 2013, a total of 1,360,660 patients with AMI and 937,425 patients with AIS were included in the study. We noted a progressive reduction in the mean age of patients presenting with AMI and AIS (p trend <0.001 for all groups), implying that the burden of young patients with these acute syndromes is progressively increasing. In addition, there was a progressive increase in the proportion of patients who are uninsured among patients presenting with AMI and AIS. Furthermore, despite a progressively younger age at presentation, there was an observed increase in the prevalence of atherosclerotic risk factors including hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, smoking, and obesity among patients presenting with AMI or AIS during 2003 to 2013. Significant disparities were noted in the prevalence of risk factors among various demographic and geographical cohorts. Low socioeconomic status as well as uninsured patients had a significantly higher prevalence of preventable risk factors like smoking and obesity as compared to the high socioeconomic status and insured patients, respectively. In conclusion, there have been significant changes in the risk factor profile of patients presenting with AMI and AIS over the last decade.
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Loyd C, Liu Y, Kim T, Holleman C, Galloway J, Bethea M, Ediger BN, Swain TA, Tang Y, Stoffers DA, Rowe GC, Young M, Steele C, Habegger KM, Hunter CS. LDB1 Regulates Energy Homeostasis During Diet-Induced Obesity. Endocrinology 2017; 158:1289-1297. [PMID: 28009534 PMCID: PMC5460834 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The broadly expressed transcriptional coregulator LDB1 is essential for β-cell development and glucose homeostasis. However, it is unclear whether LDB1 has metabolic roles beyond the β-cell, especially under metabolic stress. Global Ldb1 deletion results in early embryonic lethality; thus, we used global heterozygous Ldb1+/- and inducible β-cell-specific Ldb1-deficient (Ldb1Δβ-cell) mice. We assessed glucose and insulin tolerance, body composition, feeding, and energy expenditure during high-fat diet exposure. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) biology was evaluated by thermogenic gene expression and LDB1 chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis. We found that partial loss of Ldb1 does not impair the maintenance of glucose homeostasis; rather, we observed improved insulin sensitivity in these mice. Partial loss of Ldb1 also uncovered defects in energy expenditure in lean and diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. This decreased energy expenditure during DIO was associated with significantly altered BAT gene expression, specifically Cidea, Elovl3, Cox7a1, and Dio2. Remarkably, the observed changes in energy balance during DIO were absent in Ldb1Δβ-cell mice, despite a similar reduction in plasma insulin, suggesting a role for LDB1 in BAT. Indeed, LDB1 is expressed in brown adipocytes and occupies a regulatory domain of Elovl3, a gene crucial to normal BAT function. We conclude that LDB1 regulates energy homeostasis, in part through transcriptional modulation of critical regulators in BAT function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Loyd
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism
| | - Yanping Liu
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism
| | - Teayoun Kim
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism
| | - Cassie Holleman
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism
| | - Jamie Galloway
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism
| | - Maigen Bethea
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism
| | - Benjamin N. Ediger
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism and Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | | | - Yawen Tang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, and
| | - Doris A. Stoffers
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism and Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Glenn C. Rowe
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, and
| | - Martin Young
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, and
| | - Chad Steele
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Kirk M. Habegger
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism
| | - Chad S. Hunter
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism
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Tian X, Yan C, Liu M, Zhang Q, Liu D, Liu Y, Li S, Han Y. CREG1 heterozygous mice are susceptible to high fat diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176873. [PMID: 28459882 PMCID: PMC5411056 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular repressor of E1A-stimulated genes 1 (CREG1) is a small glycoprotein whose physiological function is unknown. In cell culture studies, CREG1 promotes cellular differentiation and maturation. To elucidate its physiological functions, we deleted the Creg1 gene in mice and found that loss of CREG1 leads to early embryonic death, suggesting that it is essential for early development. In the analysis of Creg1 heterozygous mice, we unexpectedly observed that they developed obesity as they get older. In this study, we further studied this phenotype by feeding wild type (WT) and Creg1 heterozygote (Creg1+/-) mice a high fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks. Our data showed that Creg1+/- mice exhibited a more prominent obesity phenotype with no change in food intake compared with WT controls when challenged with HFD. Creg1 haploinsufficiency also exacerbated HFD-induced liver steatosis, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. In addition, HFD markedly increased pro-inflammatory cytokines in plasma and epididymal adipose tissue in Creg1+/- mice as compared with WT controls. The activation level of NF-κB, a major regulator of inflammatory response, in epididymal adipose tissue was also elevated in parallel with the cytokines in Creg1+/- mice. These pro-inflammatory responses elicited by CREG1 reduction were confirmed in 3T3-L1-derived adipocytes with CREG1 depletion by siRNA transfection. Given that adipose tissue inflammation has been shown to play a key role in obesity-induced insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome, our results suggest that Creg1 haploinsufficiency confers increased susceptibility of adipose tissue to inflammation, leading to aggravated obesity and insulin resistance when challenged with HFD. This study uncovered a novel function of CREG1 in metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiang Tian
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang, China
- Cardiovascular Center for Translational Medicine of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
- Cardiovascular Core Lab for Translational Medicine of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Chenghui Yan
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang, China
- Cardiovascular Center for Translational Medicine of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
- Cardiovascular Core Lab for Translational Medicine of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Meili Liu
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang, China
- Cardiovascular Center for Translational Medicine of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
- Cardiovascular Core Lab for Translational Medicine of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Quanyu Zhang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang, China
- Cardiovascular Center for Translational Medicine of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
- Cardiovascular Core Lab for Translational Medicine of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang, China
- Cardiovascular Center for Translational Medicine of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
- Cardiovascular Core Lab for Translational Medicine of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanxia Liu
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang, China
- Cardiovascular Center for Translational Medicine of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
- Cardiovascular Core Lab for Translational Medicine of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Shaohua Li
- Department of Surgery, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers-the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, United States of America
| | - Yaling Han
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang, China
- Cardiovascular Center for Translational Medicine of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
- Cardiovascular Core Lab for Translational Medicine of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
- * E-mail:
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165
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Nebigil CG. Prokineticin Is a New Linker between Obesity and Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2017; 4:20. [PMID: 28447033 PMCID: PMC5388695 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2017.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a fast growing epidemic event worldwide. Fatness is associated with a number of comorbidities, including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Although obesity can be heredity in 30–70% cases, the environmental contributions also play an important role in the increasing prevalence of obesity. The relationship between development of obesity and CVD is poorly characterized. Obesity and CVD can also be resulted from a common mechanism such as metabolic, inflammatory, and neurohormonal changes. Prokineticins are defined as cytokines (immunoregulatory proteins), adipokines (adipocyte-secreted hormone), angiogenic (increasing vessel formation), or aneroxic (lowering food intake) hormones. Prokineticin-mediated signaling plays a key role in the development of obesity and CVD. Two forms of prokineticins exist in circulation and in various tissues including the brain, heart, kidney, and adipose. Prokineticins act on the two G protein-coupled receptors, namely, PKR1 and PKR2. Prokineticin-2 (PK2) via PKR1 receptor controls food intake and prevents adipose tissue expansion. The anti-adipocyte effect of PKR1 signaling is due to suppression of preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation capacity into adipocytes. PK2/PKR1 signaling promotes transcapillary passages of insulin and increases insulin sensitivity. It also plays an important role in the heart and kidney development and functions. Here, we discuss PK2 as a new adipocytokine in the association between obesity and CVD. We also highlight targeting PKR1 can be a new approach to treat obesity and CVD.
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166
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Mertens E, Clarys P, Mullie P, Lefevre J, Charlier R, Knaeps S, Huybrechts I, Deforche B. Stability of physical activity, fitness components and diet quality indices. Eur J Clin Nutr 2017; 71:519-524. [PMID: 27623984 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2016.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regular physical activity (PA), a high level of fitness and a high diet quality are positively associated with health. However, information about stability of fitness components and diet quality indices is limited. This study aimed to evaluate stability of those parameters. METHODS This study includes 652 adults (men=57.56 (10.28) years; women=55.90 (8.34) years at follow-up) who participated in 2002-2004 and returned for follow-up at the Policy Research Centre Leuven in 2012-2014. Minutes sport per day and Physical activity level (PAL) were calculated from the Flemish Physical Activity Computerized Questionnaire. Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), morphological fitness (MORF; body mass index and waist circumference) and metabolic fitness (METF) (blood cholesterol and triglycerides) were used as fitness components. Diet quality indices (Healthy Eating Index-2010 (HEI), Diet Quality Index (DQI), Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS)) were calculated from a diet record. Tracking coefficients were calculated using Pearson/Spearman correlation coefficients (rPearson) and intra-class correlation coefficients (rICC). RESULTS In both men (rPearson&ICC=0.51) and women (rPearson=0.62 and rICC=0.60) PAL showed good stability, while minutes sport remained stable in women (rPearson&ICC=0.57) but less in men (rPearson&ICC=0.45). Most fitness components remained stable (r⩾0.50) except some METF components in women. In general the diet quality indices and their components were unstable (r<0.50). CONCLUSIONS PAL and the majority of the fitness components remained stable, while diet quality was unstable over 10 years. For unstable parameters such as diet quality measurements are needed at both time points in prospective research.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mertens
- Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Kinesiology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - P Clarys
- Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Erasmus University College, Brussels, Belgium
| | - P Mullie
- Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Erasmus University College, Brussels, Belgium
- International Prevention Research Institute (iPRI), Lyon, France
| | - J Lefevre
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Kinesiology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - R Charlier
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Kinesiology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - S Knaeps
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Kinesiology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - I Huybrechts
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Dietary Exposure Assessment Group (DEX), Lyon, France
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Public Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - B Deforche
- Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Public Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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167
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Assessment of cardiovascular impairment in obese patients: Limitations and troubleshooting of available imaging tools. Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol 2017; 36:247-253. [PMID: 28262493 DOI: 10.1016/j.remn.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence and severity of obesity have increased over recent decades, reaching worldwide epidemics. Obesity is associated to coronary artery disease and other risk factors, including hypertension, heart failure and atrial fibrillation, which are all increased in the setting of obesity. Several noninvasive cardiac imaging modalities, such as echocardiography, cardiac computed tomography, magnetic resonance and cardiac gated single-photon emission computed tomography, are available in assessing coronary artery disease and myocardial dysfunction. Yet, in patients with excess adiposity the diagnostic accuracy of these techniques may be limited due to some issues. In this review, we analyze challenges and possibilities to find the optimal cardiac imaging approach to obese population.
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168
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Enhanced anti-obesity effects of complex of resistant starch and chitosan in high fat diet fed rats. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 157:834-841. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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169
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Cuocolo A. Challenges and opportunities of noninvasive cardiac imaging in obesity. J Nucl Cardiol 2016; 23:1233-1234. [PMID: 27650443 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-016-0676-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Cuocolo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
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170
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Mondal N, Sen J, Bose K, Timungpi R, Kathar M, Hanse S. Neck circumference as a screening measure of overweight/obesity among Indian adults. ANTHROPOLOGICAL REVIEW 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/anre-2016-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neck circumference (NC) is an anthropometric measurement of differentiating body fat distributions and a marker of upper subcutaneous adiposity. The present study highlights the association and importance of NC as a suitable proxy screening measure of overweight/obesity as compared to the conventional anthropometric variables used among Indian adults. The present community based cross-sectional study was undertaken among 1169 Karbi adults (males: 625; females: 544) residing in Karbi Anglong district of Assam, Northeast India, who were selected through a multistage stratified random sampling method. Height, weight, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC) and NC were recorded using standard procedures. The body mass index (BMI) was calculated and prevalence of overweight/obesity was assessed using standard cut-offs. The prevalence of obesity using BMI (≥25.00 kg m-2) was 15.52% and 15.26% among males and females, respectively (p≥0.05).The prevalence of obesity using NC was observed to be significantly higher among males (48.80%) than females (19.12%) (p<0.01). The binary logistic regression analysis showed that NC predicted obesity over the conventional anthropometric variables with reasonable accuracy (p<0.01). The ROC-AUC analysis showed a relatively greater significant association between BMI, WC and HC and NC for obesity (p<0.01). Thus, NC appears to be a potentially simple, easyto- use screening measure for predicting obesity among adults. Further studies are required to validate its use for screening of obesity among other ethnic populations in India.
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171
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Okazaki H, Shirakabe A, Kobayashi N, Hata N, Shinada T, Matsushita M, Yamamoto Y, Shibata Y, Shibuya J, Shiomura R, Nishigoori S, Asai K, Shimizu W. Are atherosclerotic risk factors associated with a poor prognosis in patients with hyperuricemic acute heart failure? The evaluation of the causal dependence of acute heart failure and hyperuricemia. Heart Vessels 2016; 32:436-445. [PMID: 27672076 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-016-0893-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis induces the elevation of uric acid (UA), and an elevated UA level is well known to lead to a poor prognosis in patients with acute heart failure (AHF). However, the prognostic value of atherosclerotic risk factors in hyperuricemic AHF patients remains to be elucidated. The data from 928 patients who were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) at Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital between January 2001 and December 2014, and whose serum UA levels were measured were screened. A total of 394 AHF patients with hyperuricemia were enrolled in this study. The patients were assigned to a low-risk group (≤1 atherosclerosis risk factor) and a high-risk group (≥2 atherosclerosis risk factors) according to their number of risk factors. The patients in the low-risk group were more likely to have dilated cardiomyopathy, clinical scenario 3 than those in the high-risk group. The serum total bilirubin, blood urea nitrogen, C-reactive protein, and brain-type natriuretic peptide levels were significantly higher in the low-risk group than the high-risk group (p < 0.001, p = 0.005, p = 0.003, and p = 0.008, respectively). A multivariate Cox regression model revealed that the number of risk factors (number = 1, HR (hazard ratio) 0.243, 95 % CI 0.096-0.618, p = 0.003; number = 2, HR 0.253, 95 % CI 0.108-0.593, p = 0.002; number ≥3, HR 0.209, 95 % CI 0.093-0.472, p < 0.001), eGFR (per 1.0 mmol/l increase) (HR 0.977, 95 % CI 0.961-0.994, p = 0.007), and serum UA level (per 1 mg/dl increase) (HR 1.270, 95 % CI 1.123-1.435, p < 0.001) was an independent predictor of 1-year mortality. The prognosis, including all-cause death and HF events, was significantly poorer among the low-risk patients than among the high-risk patients. Atherosclerotic risk factors were not associated with a poor prognosis in patients with hyperuricemic AHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotake Okazaki
- Division of Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, 1715 Kamagari, Inzai, Chiba, 270-1694, Japan
| | - Akihiro Shirakabe
- Division of Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, 1715 Kamagari, Inzai, Chiba, 270-1694, Japan.
| | - Nobuaki Kobayashi
- Division of Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, 1715 Kamagari, Inzai, Chiba, 270-1694, Japan
| | - Noritake Hata
- Division of Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, 1715 Kamagari, Inzai, Chiba, 270-1694, Japan
| | - Takuro Shinada
- Division of Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, 1715 Kamagari, Inzai, Chiba, 270-1694, Japan
| | - Masato Matsushita
- Division of Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, 1715 Kamagari, Inzai, Chiba, 270-1694, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Yamamoto
- Division of Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, 1715 Kamagari, Inzai, Chiba, 270-1694, Japan
| | - Yusaku Shibata
- Division of Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, 1715 Kamagari, Inzai, Chiba, 270-1694, Japan
| | - Junsuke Shibuya
- Division of Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, 1715 Kamagari, Inzai, Chiba, 270-1694, Japan
| | - Reiko Shiomura
- Division of Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, 1715 Kamagari, Inzai, Chiba, 270-1694, Japan
| | - Suguru Nishigoori
- Division of Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, 1715 Kamagari, Inzai, Chiba, 270-1694, Japan
| | - Kuniya Asai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wataru Shimizu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
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Guenancia C, Lefebvre A, Cardinale D, Yu AF, Ladoire S, Ghiringhelli F, Zeller M, Rochette L, Cottin Y, Vergely C. Obesity As a Risk Factor for Anthracyclines and Trastuzumab Cardiotoxicity in Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Oncol 2016; 34:3157-65. [PMID: 27458291 PMCID: PMC5569689 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2016.67.4846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients with metabolic syndrome have a greater risk of cardiovascular disease, although their susceptibility to chemotherapy-induced cardiac disease is not well documented. The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess associations between obesity or being overweight and cardiotoxicity from anthracyclines and sequential anthracyclines and trastuzumab in patients with breast cancer. METHODS We performed a random-effects analysis and a network meta-analysis and assessed publication bias. We included 15 studies and 8,745 patients with breast cancers who were treated with anthracyclines and sequential anthracyclines and trastuzumab. RESULTS Combination of obesity and being overweight was significantly associated with a greater risk of developing cardiotoxicity after anthracyclines and a sequential anthracyclines and trastuzumab regimen in patients with breast cancer. Pooled odds ratio for cardiotoxicity was 1.38 (95% CI, 1.06 to 1.80; I(2) = 43%; N = 8,745) for overweight or obesity (body mass index > 25 kg/m(2)), 1.47 (95% CI, 0.95 to 2.28; I(2) = 47%; n = 2,615) for obesity, and 1.15 (95% CI, 0.83 to 1.58; I(2) = 27%; n = 2,708) for overweight. Associations were independent of study design, year of publication, drug regimen (anthracyclines alone v sequential anthracyclines and trastuzumab), or definitions of cardiotoxicity and of overweight or obesity. There was no evidence of publication bias; however, we could not separate the contributions of obesity-related cardiovascular risk factors, such as diabetes and hypertension, from that of obesity itself in this largely unadjusted analysis. CONCLUSION Our findings in a largely unadjusted analysis suggest that overweight and obesity are risk factors for cardiotoxicity from anthracyclines and sequential anthracyclines and trastuzumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Guenancia
- Charles Guenancia, Annick Lefebvre, and Yves Cottin, University Hospital; Charles Guenancia, Marianne Zeller, Luc Rochette, Yves Cottin, and Catherine Vergely, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U866, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et Pharmacologie Cardio-Métaboliques; Sylvain Ladoire and François Ghiringhelli, Georges François Leclerc Cancer Center; Sylvain Ladoire and François Ghiringhelli, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, CRI-866, University of Burgundy, Dijon; Annick Lefebvre, University Hospital, Reims, France; Daniela Cardinale, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; and Anthony F. Yu, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.
| | - Annick Lefebvre
- Charles Guenancia, Annick Lefebvre, and Yves Cottin, University Hospital; Charles Guenancia, Marianne Zeller, Luc Rochette, Yves Cottin, and Catherine Vergely, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U866, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et Pharmacologie Cardio-Métaboliques; Sylvain Ladoire and François Ghiringhelli, Georges François Leclerc Cancer Center; Sylvain Ladoire and François Ghiringhelli, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, CRI-866, University of Burgundy, Dijon; Annick Lefebvre, University Hospital, Reims, France; Daniela Cardinale, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; and Anthony F. Yu, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Daniela Cardinale
- Charles Guenancia, Annick Lefebvre, and Yves Cottin, University Hospital; Charles Guenancia, Marianne Zeller, Luc Rochette, Yves Cottin, and Catherine Vergely, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U866, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et Pharmacologie Cardio-Métaboliques; Sylvain Ladoire and François Ghiringhelli, Georges François Leclerc Cancer Center; Sylvain Ladoire and François Ghiringhelli, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, CRI-866, University of Burgundy, Dijon; Annick Lefebvre, University Hospital, Reims, France; Daniela Cardinale, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; and Anthony F. Yu, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Anthony F Yu
- Charles Guenancia, Annick Lefebvre, and Yves Cottin, University Hospital; Charles Guenancia, Marianne Zeller, Luc Rochette, Yves Cottin, and Catherine Vergely, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U866, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et Pharmacologie Cardio-Métaboliques; Sylvain Ladoire and François Ghiringhelli, Georges François Leclerc Cancer Center; Sylvain Ladoire and François Ghiringhelli, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, CRI-866, University of Burgundy, Dijon; Annick Lefebvre, University Hospital, Reims, France; Daniela Cardinale, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; and Anthony F. Yu, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Sylvain Ladoire
- Charles Guenancia, Annick Lefebvre, and Yves Cottin, University Hospital; Charles Guenancia, Marianne Zeller, Luc Rochette, Yves Cottin, and Catherine Vergely, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U866, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et Pharmacologie Cardio-Métaboliques; Sylvain Ladoire and François Ghiringhelli, Georges François Leclerc Cancer Center; Sylvain Ladoire and François Ghiringhelli, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, CRI-866, University of Burgundy, Dijon; Annick Lefebvre, University Hospital, Reims, France; Daniela Cardinale, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; and Anthony F. Yu, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - François Ghiringhelli
- Charles Guenancia, Annick Lefebvre, and Yves Cottin, University Hospital; Charles Guenancia, Marianne Zeller, Luc Rochette, Yves Cottin, and Catherine Vergely, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U866, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et Pharmacologie Cardio-Métaboliques; Sylvain Ladoire and François Ghiringhelli, Georges François Leclerc Cancer Center; Sylvain Ladoire and François Ghiringhelli, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, CRI-866, University of Burgundy, Dijon; Annick Lefebvre, University Hospital, Reims, France; Daniela Cardinale, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; and Anthony F. Yu, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Marianne Zeller
- Charles Guenancia, Annick Lefebvre, and Yves Cottin, University Hospital; Charles Guenancia, Marianne Zeller, Luc Rochette, Yves Cottin, and Catherine Vergely, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U866, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et Pharmacologie Cardio-Métaboliques; Sylvain Ladoire and François Ghiringhelli, Georges François Leclerc Cancer Center; Sylvain Ladoire and François Ghiringhelli, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, CRI-866, University of Burgundy, Dijon; Annick Lefebvre, University Hospital, Reims, France; Daniela Cardinale, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; and Anthony F. Yu, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Luc Rochette
- Charles Guenancia, Annick Lefebvre, and Yves Cottin, University Hospital; Charles Guenancia, Marianne Zeller, Luc Rochette, Yves Cottin, and Catherine Vergely, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U866, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et Pharmacologie Cardio-Métaboliques; Sylvain Ladoire and François Ghiringhelli, Georges François Leclerc Cancer Center; Sylvain Ladoire and François Ghiringhelli, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, CRI-866, University of Burgundy, Dijon; Annick Lefebvre, University Hospital, Reims, France; Daniela Cardinale, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; and Anthony F. Yu, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Yves Cottin
- Charles Guenancia, Annick Lefebvre, and Yves Cottin, University Hospital; Charles Guenancia, Marianne Zeller, Luc Rochette, Yves Cottin, and Catherine Vergely, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U866, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et Pharmacologie Cardio-Métaboliques; Sylvain Ladoire and François Ghiringhelli, Georges François Leclerc Cancer Center; Sylvain Ladoire and François Ghiringhelli, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, CRI-866, University of Burgundy, Dijon; Annick Lefebvre, University Hospital, Reims, France; Daniela Cardinale, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; and Anthony F. Yu, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Catherine Vergely
- Charles Guenancia, Annick Lefebvre, and Yves Cottin, University Hospital; Charles Guenancia, Marianne Zeller, Luc Rochette, Yves Cottin, and Catherine Vergely, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U866, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et Pharmacologie Cardio-Métaboliques; Sylvain Ladoire and François Ghiringhelli, Georges François Leclerc Cancer Center; Sylvain Ladoire and François Ghiringhelli, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, CRI-866, University of Burgundy, Dijon; Annick Lefebvre, University Hospital, Reims, France; Daniela Cardinale, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; and Anthony F. Yu, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
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Simultaneous analysis of neutral monosaccharides, fatty acids and cholesterol as biomarkers from a drop of blood. Bioanalysis 2016; 8:2147-56. [PMID: 27611641 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2016-0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM We have developed a method for simultaneous monitoring of more biomarkers from three different classes of compounds by simultaneous analysis of neutral monosaccharides, fatty acids (FAs) and cholesterol as their per-O-methylated derivatives from a drop of blood by GC-MS. This work is a development of our previous results about analysis of neutral monosaccharides from a drop of blood. METHODS & RESULTS The simultaneous per-O-methylation was obtained by methylation in one step with methyl iodide and NaOH in DMSO. The per-O-methylated derivatives were separated in one chromatogram. The quantitative analysis was reproducible for five monosaccharides, 22 FAs and cholesterol. The results of this method were compared with those of the enzymatic methods using commercial kits. CONCLUSION This method can avoid the saponification of the FA methyl esters and can analyze for the first time simultaneously neutral monosaccharides, FAs and cholesterol from a drop of blood.
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174
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Miller LJ, Desai AJ. Metabolic Actions of the Type 1 Cholecystokinin Receptor: Its Potential as a Therapeutic Target. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2016; 27:609-619. [PMID: 27156041 PMCID: PMC4992613 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cholecystokinin (CCK) regulates appetite and reduces food intake by activating the type 1 CCK receptor (CCK1R). Attempts to develop CCK1R agonists for obesity have yielded active agents that have not reached clinical practice. Here we discuss why, along with new strategies to target CCK1R more effectively. We examine signaling events and the possibility of developing agents that exhibit ligand-directed bias, to dissociate satiety activity from undesirable side effects. Potential allosteric sites of modulation are also discussed, along with desired properties of a positive allosteric modulator (PAM) without intrinsic agonist action as another strategy to treat obesity. These new types of CCK1R-active drugs could be useful as standalone agents or as part of a rational drug combination for management of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence J Miller
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA.
| | - Aditya J Desai
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA
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Nappi C, Gaudieri V, Petretta M, Cuocolo A. Noninvasive Cardiac Imaging in Obesity: Challenges and Opportunities. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12410-016-9387-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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