151
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Zein in controlled drug delivery and tissue engineering. J Control Release 2014; 189:108-22. [PMID: 24993426 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Controlled delivery of a bioactive to specific organ, cellular and sub-cellular level is a desired feature of a drug carrier system. In order to achieve this goal, formulation scientists search for better alternatives of biomaterials to deliver the therapeutics in more precise and controlled manner in vivo. Zein, a plant protein obtained from corn, is a useful biomaterial for several industrial applications including agriculture, cosmetics, packaging and pharmaceuticals. Being a hydrophobic protein, which is biodegradable, biocompatible, economic to use and with generally regarded safe "GRAS" status, it is an attractive biomaterial for human use. Novel biomedical applications of zein such as controlled and targeted delivery of bioactives and tissue engineering are the current research interests of the scientific fraternity. Here we attempt to review the literature on zein as a biopolymer for drug/vaccine/gene delivery and its applicability in tissue engineering.
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152
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Mantripragada VP, Jayasuriya AC. IGF-1 release kinetics from chitosan microparticles fabricated using environmentally benign conditions. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 42:506-16. [PMID: 25063148 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.05.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this study is to maximize growth factor encapsulation efficiency into microparticles. The novelty of this study is to maximize the encapsulated growth factors into microparticles by minimizing the use of organic solvents and using relatively low temperatures. The microparticles were fabricated using chitosan biopolymer as a base polymer and cross-linked with tripolyphosphate (TPP). Insulin like-growth factor-1 (IGF-1) was encapsulated into microparticles to study release kinetics and bioactivity. In order to authenticate the harms of using organic solvents like hexane and acetone during microparticle preparation, IGF-1 encapsulated microparticles prepared by the emulsification and coacervation methods were compared. The microparticles fabricated by emulsification method have shown a significant decrease (p<0.05) in IGF-1 encapsulation efficiency, and cumulative release during the two-week period. The biocompatibility of chitosan microparticles and the bioactivity of the released IGF-1 were determined in vitro by live/dead viability assay. The mineralization data observed with von Kossa assay, was supported by mRNA expression levels of osterix and runx2, which are transcription factors necessary for osteoblasts differentiation. Real time RT-PCR data showed an increased expression of runx2 and a decreased expression of osterix over time, indicating differentiating osteoblasts. Chitosan microparticles prepared in optimum environmental conditions are a promising controlled delivery system for cells to attach, proliferate, differentiate and mineralize, thereby acting as a suitable bone repairing material.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ambalangodage C Jayasuriya
- Biomedical Engineering Program, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614-5807, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614-5807, USA.
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153
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Fisher PD, Palomino P, Milbrandt TA, Hilt JZ, Puleo DA. Improved small molecule drug release from in situ forming poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) scaffolds incorporating poly(β-amino ester) and hydroxyapatite microparticles. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2014; 25:1174-93. [PMID: 24903524 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2014.923368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
In situ forming implants are an attractive choice for controlled drug release into a fixed location. Currently, rapidly solidifying solvent exchange systems suffer from a high initial burst, and sustained release behavior is tied to polymer precipitation and degradation rate. The present studies investigated addition of hydroxyapatite (HA) and drug-loaded poly(β-amino ester) (PBAE) microparticles to in situ forming poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-based systems to prolong release and reduce burst. PBAEs were synthesized, imbibed with simvastatin (osteogenic) or clodronate (anti-resorptive), and then ground into microparticles. Microparticles were mixed with or without HA into a PLGA solution, and the mixture was injected into buffer, leading to precipitation and creating solid scaffolds with embedded HA and PBAE microparticles. Simvastatin release was prolonged through 30 days, and burst release was reduced from 81 to 39% when loaded into PBAE microparticles. Clodronate burst was reduced from 49 to 32% after addition of HA filler, but release kinetics were unaffected after loading into PBAE microparticles. Scaffold dry mass remained unchanged through day 15, with a pronounced increase in degradation rate after day 30, while wet scaffolds experienced a mass increase through day 25 due to swelling. Porosity and pore size changed throughout degradation, likely due to a combination of swelling and degradation. The system offers improved release kinetics, multiple release profiles, and rapid solidification compared to traditional in situ forming implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D Fisher
- a Department of Biomedical Engineering , University of Kentucky , Lexington , KY 40506 , USA
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154
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Huang CL, Lee WL, Loo JS. Drug-eluting scaffolds for bone and cartilage regeneration. Drug Discov Today 2014; 19:714-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2013.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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155
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A novel bio-safe phase separation process for preparing open-pore biodegradable polycaprolactone microparticles. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 42:102-10. [PMID: 25063098 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Open-pore biodegradable microparticles are object of considerable interest for biomedical applications, particularly as cell and drug delivery carriers in tissue engineering and health care treatments. Furthermore, the engineering of microparticles with well definite size distribution and pore architecture by bio-safe fabrication routes is crucial to avoid the use of toxic compounds potentially harmful to cells and biological tissues. To achieve this important issue, in the present study a straightforward and bio-safe approach for fabricating porous biodegradable microparticles with controlled morphological and structural features down to the nanometer scale is developed. In particular, ethyl lactate is used as a non-toxic solvent for polycaprolactone particles fabrication via a thermal induced phase separation technique. The used approach allows achieving open-pore particles with mean particle size in the 150-250 μm range and a 3.5-7.9 m(2)/g specific surface area. Finally, the combination of thermal induced phase separation and porogen leaching techniques is employed for the first time to obtain multi-scaled porous microparticles with large external and internal pore sizes and potential improved characteristics for cell culture and tissue engineering. Samples were characterized to assess their thermal properties, morphology and crystalline structure features and textural properties.
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156
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Rajmohan G, Admane P, Anish C, Panda AK. Fusion and Self-Assembly of Biodegradable Polymer Particles into Scaffoldlike and Membranelike Structures at Room Temperature for Regenerative Medicine. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:2190-202. [DOI: 10.1021/mp500106u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Rajmohan
- Product Development Cell, National Institute of Immunology Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New
Delhi-110067, India
| | - Prasad Admane
- Product Development Cell, National Institute of Immunology Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New
Delhi-110067, India
| | - Chakkumkal Anish
- Product Development Cell, National Institute of Immunology Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New
Delhi-110067, India
| | - Amulya K. Panda
- Product Development Cell, National Institute of Immunology Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New
Delhi-110067, India
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157
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Gaharwar AK, Mihaila SM, Kulkarni AA, Patel A, Di Luca A, Reis RL, Gomes ME, van Blitterswijk C, Moroni L, Khademhosseini A. Amphiphilic beads as depots for sustained drug release integrated into fibrillar scaffolds. J Control Release 2014; 187:66-73. [PMID: 24794894 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Native extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex fibrous structure loaded with bioactive cues that affects the surrounding cells. A promising strategy to mimicking native tissue architecture for tissue engineering applications is to engineer fibrous scaffolds using electrospinning. By loading appropriate bioactive cues within these fibrous scaffolds, various cellular functions such as cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation can be regulated. Here, we report on the encapsulation and sustained release of a model hydrophobic drug (dexamethasone (Dex)) within beaded fibrillar scaffold of poly(ethylene oxide terephthalate)-poly(butylene terephthalate) (PEOT/PBT), a polyether-ester multiblock copolymer to direct differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). The amphiphilic beads act as depots for sustained drug release that is integrated into the fibrillar scaffolds. The entrapment of Dex within the beaded structure results in sustained release of the drug over the period of 28days. This is mainly attributed to the diffusion driven release of Dex from the amphiphilic electrospun scaffolds. In vitro results indicate that hMSCs cultured on Dex containing beaded fibrillar scaffolds exhibit an increase in osteogenic differentiation potential, as evidenced by increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, compared to the direct infusion of Dex in the culture medium. The formation of a mineralized matrix is also significantly enhanced due to the controlled Dex release from the fibrous scaffolds. This approach can be used to engineer scaffolds with appropriate chemical cues to direct tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhilesh K Gaharwar
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston 02115, USA; Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge 02139, USA; David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843, USA; Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843, USA
| | - Silvia M Mihaila
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139, USA; 3B's Research Group, Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Dept. of Polymer Engineering, University of Minho, AvePark, Taipas, 4806-909 Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ashish A Kulkarni
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139, USA
| | - Alpesh Patel
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139, USA
| | - Andrea Di Luca
- Tissue Regeneration Department, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3B's Research Group, Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Dept. of Polymer Engineering, University of Minho, AvePark, Taipas, 4806-909 Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Manuela E Gomes
- 3B's Research Group, Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Dept. of Polymer Engineering, University of Minho, AvePark, Taipas, 4806-909 Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Clemens van Blitterswijk
- Tissue Regeneration Department, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- Tissue Regeneration Department, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands.
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston 02115, USA; Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139, USA; Department of Maxillofacial Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21569, Saudi Arabia.
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158
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Lei L, Wang S, Wu H, Ju W, Peng J, Qahtan ASA, Chen C, Lu Y, Peng J, Zhang X, Nie H. Optimization of release pattern of FGF-2 and BMP-2 for osteogenic differentiation of low-population density hMSCs. J Biomed Mater Res A 2014; 103:252-61. [PMID: 24639043 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In the modern design, most delivery systems for bone regeneration focus on a single growth factor (GF) or a simple mixture of multiple GFs, overlooking the coordination of proliferation and osteogenesis induced by various factors. In this study, core-shell microspheres with poly-l-lactide core-poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) shell were fabricated, and two GFs, basic fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) were encapsulated into the core or/and shell. The effects of different release patterns (parallel or sequential manners) of FGF-2 and BMP-2 from these core-shell microspheres on the osteogenic differentiation of low-population density human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were investigated and the temporal organization of GF release was optimized. In vitro experiments suggested that induction of osteogenic differentiation of low-population density hMSCs by the sequential delivery of FGF-2 followed by BMP-2 from the core-shell microspheres (group S2) was much more efficient than that by the parallel release of the two factors from uniform microspheres (group U). The osteogenic induction by the sequential delivery of BMP-2 followed by FGF-2 from core-shell microspheres (group S1) was even worse than that from microspheres loaded with BMP-2 in both core and shell (group B), although comparable to the cases of parallel delivery of dual GFs (group P). This study showed the advantages of group S2 microspheres in inducing osteogenic differentiation of low-population density hMSCs and the necessity of time sequence studies in tissue engineering while multiple GFs are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Lei
- Department of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China
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159
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Abeer MM, Mohd Amin MCI, Martin C. A review of bacterial cellulose-based drug delivery systems: their biochemistry, current approaches and future prospects. J Pharm Pharmacol 2014; 66:1047-61. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
The field of pharmaceutical technology is expanding rapidly because of the increasing number of drug delivery options. Successful drug delivery is influenced by multiple factors, one of which is the appropriate identification of materials for research and engineering of new drug delivery systems. Bacterial cellulose (BC) is one such biopolymer that fulfils the criteria for consideration as a drug delivery material.
Key findings
BC showed versatility in terms of its potential for in-situ modulation, chemical modification after synthesis and application in the biomedical field, thus expanding the current, more limited view of BC and facilitating the investigation of its potential for application in drug delivery.
Summary
Cellulose, which is widely available in nature, has numerous applications. One of the applications is that of BC in the pharmaceutical and biomedical fields, where it has been primarily applied for transdermal formulations to improve clinical outcomes. This review takes a multidisciplinary approach to consideration of the feasibility and potential benefits of BC in the development of other drug delivery systems for various routes of administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Mustafa Abeer
- Centre for Drug Delivery Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Cairul Iqbal Mohd Amin
- Centre for Drug Delivery Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Claire Martin
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
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160
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Reguera-Nuñez E, Roca C, Hardy E, de la Fuente M, Csaba N, Garcia-Fuentes M. Implantable controlled release devices for BMP-7 delivery and suppression of glioblastoma initiating cells. Biomaterials 2014; 35:2859-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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161
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162
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Babo =P, Santo VE, Duarte ARC, Correia C, Costa MHG, Mano JF, Reis RL, Gomes ME. Platelet lysate membranes as new autologous templates for tissue engineering applications. Inflamm Regen 2014. [DOI: 10.2492/inflammregen.34.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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163
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Lee J, Yun HS. Hydroxyapatite-containing gelatin/chitosan microspheres for controlled release of lysozyme and enhanced cytocompatibility. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:1255-1263. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb21553a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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164
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Abstract
We overview the latest developments of polymeric/ceramic scaffolds and hydrogels that contain magnetic particles for the improvement of tissue engineering strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Gil
- 3B's Research Group – Biomaterials
- Biodegradables and Biomimetics
- ICVS/3B's – PT Government Associate Laboratory
- Guimarães, Portugal
| | - João F. Mano
- 3B's Research Group – Biomaterials
- Biodegradables and Biomimetics
- ICVS/3B's – PT Government Associate Laboratory
- Guimarães, Portugal
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165
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Nemati P, Imani M, Farahmandghavi F, Mirzadeh H, Marzban-Rad E, Nasrabadi AM. Artificial neural networks for bilateral prediction of formulation parameters and drug release profiles from cochlear implant coatings fabricated as porous monolithic devices based on silicone rubber. J Pharm Pharmacol 2013; 66:624-38. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
The coating of cochlear implants for topical delivery of drugs, for example, corticosteroids, or antibiotics is a novel approach to manage post-surgical complications associated with cochlear implantation surgery like inflammation or infections. Many variables, including formulation parameters, can be changed to modulate the amount and duration of drug release from these devices. Mathematical modeling of drug release profile from a delivery system may be helpful to accelerate formulations in a more cost-efficient way. To attain specific in vitro drug release characteristics, a model should be capable to provide good estimates on the initial formulation parameters, for example, composition, geometry and drug loading vice versa. Here, artificial neural networks (ANNs) are used to predict dexamethasone (DEX) release profile and formulation parameters, bilaterally, from cochlear implant coatings designed as porous, monolithic silicone rubber-based matrices.
Methods
The devices were fabricated as monolithic dispersions of DEX in a silicone rubber matrix containing porogens. A newly developed mathematical function was fitted on the experimental DEX release curves, and the function coefficients were fed into the network as input variables to simulate drug release profile from the porous devices. Formulation variables consisted of drug loading percentage (0.05–0.5% w/w), porogen type (dextran (dext) or sodium chloride particles) and porogen content (5–40% w/w). The ANN was also examined to determine optimal levels of the formulation parameters to provide a specifically desired drug release profile.
Key findings
The results showed that DEX release profile from porous cochlear implant devices can be modelled accurately and precisely using ANN in order to predict optimal levels for the formulation parameters to provide a specific drug release profile vice versa.
Conclusions
The developed ANNs were used to achieve shorter formulation development process, and to provide tailor-made drug delivery regimens. ANNs were also successfully simulated non-linear relationships present between the initial formulation variable(s) and predict the subsequent drug release patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedram Nemati
- Novel Drug Delivery Systems Department, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Imani
- Novel Drug Delivery Systems Department, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhid Farahmandghavi
- Novel Drug Delivery Systems Department, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Mirzadeh
- Polymer & Color Engineering Faculty, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Marzban-Rad
- Ceramics Department, Materials and Energy Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Motie Nasrabadi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
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166
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Sustained Growth Factor Delivery in Tissue Engineering Applications. Ann Biomed Eng 2013; 42:1528-36. [DOI: 10.1007/s10439-013-0956-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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167
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Abstract
The competition hike in the pharmaceutical market, the reduction in the fresh chemical-entity pipelines of pharmaceutical organization, the unwanted boost up in the cost for developing new chemical entities and the popularity of generics have all contributed to the effort to move ahead with newer drug-delivery systems that are aimed to provide optimized performance. Nanosized lipoidal soft hybrid biocarriers offer promise for safe, effective and targeted pharmacotherapeutics. The possibilities have risen by virtue of their ability of intracellular entry, biocompatible composition, precise control on drug release, targeted drug delivery, compatibility with a wide range of therapeutic compounds and flexibility in their routes of administration. Vesicles are lipoidal soft hybrid biocarrier-based membrane models developed to mimic the biological membrane, making them superior to other carriers by virtue of their biocompatibility and biodegradability. These features of vesicular carriers make them suitable for therapeutic as well as diagnostic applications. The aim of the present compilation is to briefly summarize the applications and developments in vesicular drug delivery through the patents issued in the past decade.
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168
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Design, fabrication and characterization of drug delivery systems based on lab-on-a-chip technology. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:1403-19. [PMID: 23726943 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Lab-on-a-chip technology is an emerging field evolving from the recent advances of micro- and nanotechnologies. The technology allows the integration of various components into a single microdevice. Microfluidics, the science and engineering of fluid flow in microscale, is the enabling underlying concept for lab-on-a-chip technology. The present paper reviews the design, fabrication and characterization of drug delivery systems based on this amazing technology. The systems are categorized and discussed according to the scales at which the drug is administered. Starting with the fundamentals on scaling laws of mass transfer and basic fabrication techniques, the paper reviews and discusses drug delivery devices for cellular, tissue and organism levels. At the cellular level, a concentration gradient generator integrated with a cell culture platform is the main drug delivery scheme of interest. At the tissue level, the synthesis of smart particles as drug carriers using lab-on-a-chip technology is the main focus of recent developments. At the organism level, microneedles and implantable devices with fluid-handling components are the main drug delivery systems. For drug delivery to a small organism that can fit into a microchip, devices similar to those of cellular level can be used.
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169
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Jensen J, Rölfing JHD, Le DQS, Kristiansen AA, Nygaard JV, Hokland LB, Bendtsen M, Kassem M, Lysdahl H, Bünger CE. Surface-modified functionalized polycaprolactone scaffolds for bone repair: in vitro and in vivo experiments. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 102:2993-3003. [PMID: 24123983 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A porcine calvaria defect study was carried out to investigate the bone repair potential of three-dimensional (3D)-printed poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) scaffolds embedded with nanoporous PCL. A microscopic grid network was created by rapid prototyping making a 3D-fused deposition model (FDM-PCL). Afterward, the FDM-PCL scaffolds were infused with a mixture of PCL, water, and 1,4-dioxane and underwent a thermal-induced phase separation (TIPS) followed by lyophilization. The TIPS process lead to a nanoporous structure shielded by the printed microstructure (NSP-PCL). Sixteen Landrace pigs were divided into two groups with 8 and 12 weeks follow-up, respectively. A total of six nonpenetrating holes were drilled in the calvaria of each animal. The size of the cylindrical defects was h 10 mm and Ø 10 mm. The defects were distributed randomly using following groups: (a) NSP-PCL scaffold, (b) FDM-PCL scaffold, (c) autograft, (d) empty defect, (a1) NSP-PCL scaffold + autologous mononuclear cells, and (a2) NSP-PCL scaffold + bone morphogenetic protein 2. Bone volume to total volume was analyzed using microcomputed tomography (µCT) and histomorphometry. The µCT and histological data showed significantly less bone formation in the NSP-PCL scaffolds in all three variations after both 8 and 12 weeks compared to all other groups. The positive autograft control had significantly higher new bone formation compared to all other groups except the FDM-PCL when analyzed using histomorphometry. The NSP-PCL scaffolds were heavily infiltrated with foreign body giant cells suggesting an inflammatory response and perhaps active resorption of the scaffold material. The unmodified FDM-PCL scaffold showed good osteoconductivity and osseointegration after both 8 and 12 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Jensen
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8000, Aarhus, Denmark
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170
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Leroy A, Pinese C, Bony C, Garric X, Noël D, Nottelet B, Coudane J. Investigation on the properties of linear PLA-poloxamer and star PLA-poloxamine copolymers for temporary biomedical applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2013; 33:4133-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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171
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Biodegradable microparticles and nanoparticles by electrospraying techniques. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2013; 10:191-6. [PMID: 23258557 DOI: 10.5301/jabfm.2012.10369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Biodegradable microparticles and nanoparticles are receiving increased attention for their ability to serve as a viable carrier for site-specific delivery of genes, drugs and other biomolecules. Electrospraying represents a challenging technology which allows for the preparation of biodegradable particles with high bioavailability, good encapsulation, controlled release and fewer toxic properties. METHODS Chitosan and polycaprolactone (PCL) particles were processed via electrospraying with control of basic process parameters: voltage and flow rate. RESULTS PCL microparticles with spherical shape or flattened particles were obtained as a function of the concentration of the processed solutions, which affects evaporation and chain entanglement formation. Chitosan nanoparticles with submicrometric sizes were obtained by carefully adjusting voltage and flow rate, which enables the control of particle size and distribution. CONCLUSION We evaluated the benefits of the electrospraying technique to control the morphology of biodegradable microparticles and nanoparticles for drug-delivery applications. The implementation of simple technological solutions which combine the use of standard electrospraying and electrospinning by simultaneous or sequential steps, opens the way toward the development of new, interesting devices for drug-delivery applications such as tumor targeting and oral delivery.
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172
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Peniche H, Reyes-Ortega F, Aguilar MR, Rodríguez G, Abradelo C, García-Fernández L, Peniche C, San Román J. Thermosensitive macroporous cryogels functionalized with bioactive chitosan/bemiparin nanoparticles. Macromol Biosci 2013; 13:1556-67. [PMID: 23956200 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201300184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Thermosensitive macroporous scaffolds of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (polyNIPA) loaded with chitosan/bemiparin nanoparticles are prepared by the free radical polymerization in cryogenic conditions. Chitosan/bemiparin nanoparticles of 102 ± 6.5 nm diameter are prepared by complex coacervation and loaded into polyNIPA cryogels. SEM image reveal the highly porous structure of cryogels and the integration of nanoparticles into the macroporous system. Volume phase transition temperature (VPT) and total freezing water content of cryogels are established by differential scanning calorimetry, and their porosity is determined by image-NMR. Swelling of cryogels (above and below the VPT) is highly dependent on nanoparticles concentration. In vitro release profile of bemiparin from cryogel is highly modulated by the presence of chitosan. Bemiparin released from nanoparticles preserves its biological activity, as shown by the BaF32 cell proliferation assay. Cryogels are not cytotoxic for the human fibroblast cells and present excellent properties for application on tissue engineering and controlled release of heparin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazel Peniche
- Centro de Biomateriales, Universidad de La Habana, 10400, Havana, Cuba
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173
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Plasma co-polymerized nano coatings – As a biodegradable solid carrier for tunable drug delivery applications. POLYMER 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2013.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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174
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Santo VE, Gomes ME, Mano JF, Reis RL. Controlled release strategies for bone, cartilage, and osteochondral engineering--Part I: recapitulation of native tissue healing and variables for the design of delivery systems. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2013; 19:308-26. [PMID: 23268651 PMCID: PMC3690094 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2012.0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The potential of growth factors to stimulate tissue healing through the enhancement of cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation is undeniable. However, critical parameters on the design of adequate carriers, such as uncontrolled spatiotemporal presence of bioactive factors, inadequate release profiles, and supraphysiological dosages of growth factors, have impaired the translation of these systems onto clinical practice. This review describes the healing cascades for bone, cartilage, and osteochondral interface, highlighting the role of specific growth factors for triggering the reactions leading to tissue regeneration. Critical criteria on the design of carriers for controlled release of bioactive factors are also reported, focusing on the need to provide a spatiotemporal control over the delivery and presentation of these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vítor E. Santo
- 3Bs Research Group—Biomaterials, Biodegradables, and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Manuela E. Gomes
- 3Bs Research Group—Biomaterials, Biodegradables, and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - João F. Mano
- 3Bs Research Group—Biomaterials, Biodegradables, and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3Bs Research Group—Biomaterials, Biodegradables, and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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175
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Engineering strategies to control vascular endothelial growth factor stability and levels in a collagen matrix for angiogenesis: the role of heparin sodium salt and the PLGA-based microsphere approach. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:7389-98. [PMID: 23523534 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
New vessel formation is the result of the complex orchestration of various elements, such as cells, signalling molecules and extracellular matrix (ECM). In order to establish the suitable conditions for an effective cell response, the influence of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) complexation with heparin sodium salt (Hp) on its pro-angiogenic activity has been evaluated by an in vitro capillary-like tube formation assay. VEGF with or without Hp was embedded into collagen gels, and the activated matrices were characterized in terms of VEGF activity and release kinetics. Taking into account the crucial role of Hp in VEGF stability and activity, VEGF/Hp complex was then encapsulated into microspheres based on poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA), and microsphere properties, VEGF/Hp release kinetics and VEGF in vitro activity over time were evaluated. Integrated microsphere/collagen matrices were developed in order to provide a continuous release of active VEGF/Hp inside the matrix but also a VEGF gradient at the boundary, which is an essential condition for endothelial cell attraction and scaffold invasion. The results confirmed a strong influence of Hp on VEGF configuration and, consequently, on its activity, while the encapsulation of VEGF/Hp complex in PLGA-microspheres guaranteed a sustained release of active VEGF for more than 30days. This paper confirms the importance of VEGF stability and signal presentation to cells for an effective proangiogenic activity and highlights how the combination of two stabilizing approaches, namely VEGF/Hp complexation and entrapment within PLGA-based microspheres, may be a very effective strategy to achieve this goal.
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Borteh HM, Gallovic MD, Sharma S, Peine KJ, Miao S, Brackman DJ, Gregg K, Xu Y, Guo X, Guan J, Bachelder EM, Ainslie KM. Electrospun acetalated dextran scaffolds for temporal release of therapeutics. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:7957-7965. [PMID: 23725054 DOI: 10.1021/la400541e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Electrospun acetalated dextran (Ac-DEX) scaffolds were fabricated to encapsulate resiquimod, an immunomodulatory toll-like-receptor (TLR) agonist. Ac-DEX has been used to fabricate scaffolds for sustained and temporal delivery of therapeutics because it has tunable degradation rates that are dependent on its synthesis reaction time or the molecular weight of dextran. Additionally, as opposed to commonly electrospun polyesters that shift the local pH upon degradation, the degradation products of Ac-DEX are pH-neutral: dextran, an alcohol, and the metabolic byproduct acetone. Formulations of Ac-DEX with two different degradation rates were used in this study. The effects of electrospinning conditions on the scaffold size and morphology were examined as well as fibroblast adhesion as imaged with fluorescence microcopy and scanning electron microscopy. Macrophage (MΦ) viability further indicates that the scaffolds are cytocompatible. Also, the controlled release profiles of resiquimod from loaded scaffolds and nitric oxide (NO) production by MΦ incubated with these scaffolds show the potential for Ac-DEX scaffolds to be used to temporally and efficiently deliver therapeutics. Overall, we present a novel scaffold that can have tunable and unique drug release rates for tissue engineering, drug delivery, immunomodulation, and wound healing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan M Borteh
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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177
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Mouriño V, Cattalini JP, Roether JA, Dubey P, Roy I, Boccaccini AR. Composite polymer-bioceramic scaffolds with drug delivery capability for bone tissue engineering. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2013; 10:1353-65. [PMID: 23777443 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2013.808183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Next-generation scaffolds for bone tissue engineering (BTE) should exhibit the appropriate combination of mechanical support and morphological guidance for cell proliferation and attachment while at the same time serving as matrices for sustained delivery of therapeutic drugs and/or biomolecular signals, such as growth factors. Drug delivery from BTE scaffolds to induce the formation of functional tissues, which may need to vary temporally and spatially, represents a versatile approach to manipulating the local environment for directing cell function and/or to treat common bone diseases or local infection. In addition, drug delivery from BTE is proposed to either increase the expression of tissue inductive factors or to block the expression of others factors that could inhibit bone tissue formation. Composite scaffolds which combine biopolymers and bioactive ceramics in mechanically competent 3D structures, including also organic-inorganic hybrids, are being widely developed for BTE, where the affinity and interaction between biomaterials and therapeutic drugs or biomolecular signals play a decisive role in controlling the release rate. AREAS COVERED This review covers current developments and applications of 3D composite scaffolds for BTE which exhibit the added capability of controlled delivery of therapeutic drugs or growth factors. A summary of drugs and biomolecules incorporated in composite scaffolds and approaches developed to combine biopolymers and bioceramics in composites for drug delivery systems for BTE is presented. Special attention is given to identify the main challenges and unmet needs of current designs and technologies for developing such multifunctional 3D composite scaffolds for BTE. EXPERT OPINION One of the major challenges for developing composite scaffolds for BTE is the incorporation of a drug delivery function of sufficient complexity to be able to induce the release patterns that may be necessary for effective osseointegration, vascularization and bone regeneration. Loading 3D scaffolds with different biomolecular agents should produce a codelivery system with different, predetermined release profiles. It is also envisaged that the number of relevant bioactive agents that can be loaded onto scaffolds will be increased, whilst the composite scaffold design should exploit synergistically the different degradation profiles of the organic and inorganic components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Mouriño
- University of Buenos Aires, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology , Buenos Aires 956 Junín St, 6th Floor, Buenos Aires CP1113 , Argentina
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178
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Abd El-Mohdy HL. Radiation synthesis of nanosilver/poly vinyl alcohol/cellulose acetate/gelatin hydrogels for wound dressing. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-013-0177-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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179
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Nanostructured poly(l-lactide) matrix as novel platform for drug delivery. Int J Pharm 2013; 448:175-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Revised: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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180
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Electrospun Rapamycin-Eluting Polyurethane Fibers for Vascular Grafts. Pharm Res 2013; 30:1735-48. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-013-1016-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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181
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Chan A, Orme RP, Fricker RA, Roach P. Remote and local control of stimuli responsive materials for therapeutic applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:497-514. [PMID: 22820529 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Revised: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Materials offering the ability to change their characteristics in response to presented stimuli have demonstrated application in the biomedical arena, allowing control over drug delivery, protein adsorption and cell attachment to materials. Many of these smart systems are reversible, giving rise to finer control over material properties and biological interaction, useful for various therapeutic treatment strategies. Many smart materials intended for biological interaction are based around pH or thermo-responsive materials, although the use of magnetic materials, particularly in neural regeneration, has increased over the past decade. This review draws together a background of literature describing the design principles and mechanisms of smart materials. Discussion centres on recent literature regarding pH-, thermo-, magnetic and dual responsive materials, and their current applications for the treatment of neural tissue.
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182
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Jun SH, Lee EJ, Jang TS, Kim HE, Jang JH, Koh YH. Bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) loaded hybrid coating on porous hydroxyapatite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2013; 24:773-782. [PMID: 23344924 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-012-4822-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a silica xerogel-chitosan hybrid is utilized as a coating material to incorporate bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) on a porous hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffold for bone tissue engineering. BMP-2 is known as a therapeutic agent for improving bone regeneration and repair. Silica xerogel-chitosan hybrids have been used for the delivery of a growth factor as well as osteoconductive coatings. The biological properties of the hybrid coating incorporated with BMP-2 were evaluated in terms of the BMP-2 release behavior, osteoblastic cellular responses and in vivo performance. BMP-2 was continuously released from the hybrid coating layer on the porous HA scaffold for up to 6 weeks. The hybrid coating containing BMP-2 showed significantly enhanced osteoblastic cell responses in comparison with the hybrid coating and HA substrate. Consequently, new bone formation was significantly increased within the hybrid coating containing BMP-2. These results reveal that the hybrid coating containing BMP-2 has the potential to be used as a bone implant, whose osteogenic properties are promoted by the release of BMP-2 in a controlled manner for a prolonged period of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Hee Jun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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183
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Ali M, Afzal M, Bhattacharya SM, Ahmad FJ, Dinda AK. Nanopharmaceuticals to target antifilarials: a comprehensive review. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2013; 10:665-78. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2013.771630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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184
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Fernández VVA, Aguilar J, Becerra F, Sánchez-Díaz JC, Soltero JFA, Ortega-Gudiño P, Hernandez E, Bautista F, Puig JE. Tailoring thermoresponsive nanostructured poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogels made with poly(acrylamide) nanoparticles. Colloid Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-013-2918-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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185
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Mohtaram NK, Montgomery A, Willerth SM. Biomaterial-based drug delivery systems for the controlled release of neurotrophic factors. Biomed Mater 2013; 8:022001. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/8/2/022001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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186
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Xu W, Atala A, Yoo JJ, Lee SJ. Controllable dual protein delivery through electrospun fibrous scaffolds with different hydrophilicities. Biomed Mater 2013; 8:014104. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/8/1/014104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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187
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Chong LY, Chien LY, Chung MC, Liang K, Lim JCS, Fu JH, Wang CH, Chang PC. Controlling the proliferation and differentiation stages to initiate periodontal regeneration. Connect Tissue Res 2013. [PMID: 23186286 DOI: 10.3109/03008207.2012.751985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The success of periodontal regeneration depends on the coordination of early cell proliferation and late cell differentiation. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the proliferation or differentiation stage predominantly promotes the initiation of periodontal regeneration. Critical-sized periodontal defects were surgically created on rat maxillae and filled with poly-(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide)-poly-d,l-lactide hybrid microspheres encapsulating platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF, a promoter of mitogenesis), simvastatin (a promoter of osteogenic differentiation), or bovine serum albumin (a control). The encapsulation efficiency and in vitro release profiles of the microspheres were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The maxillae were harvested after 10 or 14 days and assessed by micro-computed tomography, histology, and immunohistochemistry for regeneration efficacy and cell viability. The rapid release of PDGF was observed within the first week, whereas a slow release profile was noted for simvastatin. The PDGF-treated specimens demonstrated a significantly higher bone volume fraction compared with bovine serum albumin- (p < 0.05) or simvastatin-treated (p < 0.05) specimens at day 14. Histologically, active bone formation originating from the defect borders was noted in both the PDGF- and the simvastatin-treated specimens, and functionally aligned periodontal ligament fiber insertion was only observed in the PDGF-treated specimens. The significant promotion of mitogenesis by PDGF treatment was also noted at day 14 (p < 0.05). In conclusion, increased mitogenesis or osteogenic differentiation may stimulate osteogenesis, and the upregulation of mitogenesis by PDGF appears to play a role in the initiation of periodontal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yen Chong
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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188
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Biofabrication of Hydrogel Constructs. DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS: ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES POTENTIALLY APPLICABLE IN PERSONALISED TREATMENT 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-6010-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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189
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Wang Y, Wu G, Li X, Wang Y, Gao H, Ma J. On–off switchable drug release from multi-responsive degradable poly(ether urethane) nanoparticles. Biomater Sci 2013; 1:614-624. [DOI: 10.1039/c3bm00188a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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190
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191
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Campbell JJ, Watson CJ. Three-dimensional culture models of mammary gland. Organogenesis 2012; 5:43-9. [PMID: 19794898 DOI: 10.4161/org.5.2.8321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2009] [Accepted: 03/02/2009] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammary gland is a complex tissue comprised of a branching network of ducts embedded within an adipocyte-rich stroma. The ductal epithelium is a bi-layer of luminal and myoepithelial cells, the latter being in contact with a basement membrane. During pregnancy, tertiary branching occurs and lobuloalveolar structures, which produce milk during lactation, form in response to hormonal and cytokine signals. Postlactational regression is characterized by extensive cell death and tissue remodeling. These complex developmental events have been difficult to mimic in cell culture although many useful culture models exist. Recently, considerable advances in three-dimensional modelling of the mammary gland have been made with the use of collagen and other biomaterials for the study of branching morphogenesis and tumorigenesis, techniques which may enable rapid advances in our understanding of both basic biology and the study of cancer therapeutics.
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192
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Sell SA, Ericksen JJ, Bowlin GL. The incorporation and controlled release of platelet-rich plasma-derived biomolecules from polymeric tissue engineering scaffolds. POLYM INT 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.4372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Sell
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Service; Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center; Richmond VA 23249 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Virginia Commonwealth University; Richmond VA 23284 USA
| | - Jeffery J Ericksen
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Service; Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center; Richmond VA 23249 USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation; Virginia Commonwealth University; Richmond VA 23284 USA
| | - Gary L Bowlin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Virginia Commonwealth University; Richmond VA 23284 USA
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193
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Bonani W, Motta A, Migliaresi C, Tan W. Biomolecule gradient in micropatterned nanofibrous scaffold for spatiotemporal release. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:13675-13687. [PMID: 22950580 PMCID: PMC3648342 DOI: 10.1021/la302386u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Controlled molecule release from scaffolds can dramatically increase the scaffold ability of directing tissue regeneration in vitro and in vivo. Crucial to the regeneration is precise regulation over release direction and kinetics of multiple molecules (small genes, peptides, or larger proteins). To this end, we developed gradient micropatterns of electrospun nanofibers along the scaffold thickness through programming the deposition of heterogeneous nanofibers of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) acid (PLGA). Confocal images of the scaffolds containing fluorophore-impregnated nanofibers demonstrated close matching of actual and designed gradient fiber patterns; thermal analyses further showed their matching in the composition. Using acid-terminated PLGA (PLGAac) and ester-terminated PLGA (PLGAes) to impregnate molecules in the PCL-PLGA scaffolds, we demonstrated for the first time their differences in nanofiber degeneration and molecular weight change during degradation. PLGAac nanofibers were more stable with gradual and steady increase in the fiber diameter during degradation, resulting in more spatially confined molecule delivery from PCL-PLGA scaffolds. Thus, patterns of PCL-PLGAac nanofibers were used to design versatile controlled delivery scaffolds. To test the hypothesis that molecule-impregnated PLGAac in the gradient-patterned PCL-PLGAac scaffolds can program various modalities of molecule release, model molecules, including small fluorophores and larger proteins, were respectively used for time-lapse release studies. Gradient-patterns were used as building blocks in the scaffolds to program simultaneous release of one or multiple proteins to one side or, respectively, to the opposite sides of scaffolds for up to 50 days. Results showed that the separation efficiency of molecule delivery from all the scaffolds with a thickness of 200 μm achieved >88% for proteins and >82% for small molecules. In addition to versatile spatially controlled delivery, micropatterns were designed to program sequential release of proteins. The hierarchically structured materials presented here may enable development of novel multifunctional scaffolds with defined 3D dynamic microenvironments for tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Bonani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Department of Materials Engineering and Industrial Technologies, BioTech Research Center and INSTM Research Unit, University of Trento, and European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Trento, 38100, Italy
| | - Antonella Motta
- Department of Materials Engineering and Industrial Technologies, BioTech Research Center and INSTM Research Unit, University of Trento, and European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Trento, 38100, Italy
| | - Claudio Migliaresi
- Department of Materials Engineering and Industrial Technologies, BioTech Research Center and INSTM Research Unit, University of Trento, and European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Trento, 38100, Italy
| | - Wei Tan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Departments of Pediatrics and Bioengineering, University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
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194
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Nguyen TTT, Ghosh C, Hwang SG, Chanunpanich N, Park JS. Porous core/sheath composite nanofibers fabricated by coaxial electrospinning as a potential mat for drug release system. Int J Pharm 2012; 439:296-306. [PMID: 22989981 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Revised: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
This study focused on fabrication and characterization of porous core/sheath structured composite nanofibers with a core of blended salicylic acid (SA) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and a sheath of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) using a dual-capillary electrospinning system. Results of water contact angle measurements, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy indicated that feed rates of the core and sheath strongly affect the stability of the core/sheath structure and porous density of the composite nanofibers obtained, significantly influencing their SA release characteristics. At a lower ratio of feed rates of the core and the sheath, better stable core/sheath structures of nanofibers with higher porous density on the surface were formed resulting in a sustained release of SA over 5 days. Non-porous fibers showed a lower amount of drug release because the drug was embedded inside the core layer of the non-porous sheath layer. SA release from porous core/sheath nanofibers was described based on a one-dimensional Fickian diffusion mechanism, indicating that drug diffusion is a predominant factor in drug release. A cytotoxicity test suggested that the porous core/sheath nanofibers are non-toxic and support cell attachment. Therefore, this fiber mat may find application in the design of wound-healing patches with long-term activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy Thi Thu Nguyen
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Hankyong National University, 167 Chungang-ro, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 456-749, South Korea
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Mehta M, Schmidt-Bleek K, Duda GN, Mooney DJ. Biomaterial delivery of morphogens to mimic the natural healing cascade in bone. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2012; 64:1257-76. [PMID: 22626978 PMCID: PMC3425736 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Revised: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Complications in treatment of large bone defects using bone grafting still remain. Our understanding of the endogenous bone regeneration cascade has inspired the exploration of a wide variety of growth factors (GFs) in an effort to mimic the natural signaling that controls bone healing. Biomaterial-based delivery of single exogenous GFs has shown therapeutic efficacy, and this likely relates to its ability to recruit and promote replication of cells involved in tissue development and the healing process. However, as the natural bone healing cascade involves the action of multiple factors, each acting in a specific spatiotemporal pattern, strategies aiming to mimic the critical aspects of this process will likely benefit from the usage of multiple therapeutic agents. This article reviews the current status of approaches to deliver single GFs, as well as ongoing efforts to develop sophisticated delivery platforms to deliver multiple lineage-directing morphogens (multiple GFs) during bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manav Mehta
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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196
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Computer simulations of in vitro morphogenesis. Biosystems 2012; 109:430-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2012.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Revised: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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197
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Local delivery of small and large biomolecules in craniomaxillofacial bone. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2012; 64:1152-64. [PMID: 22429663 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Revised: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Current state of the art reconstruction of bony defects in the craniomaxillofacial (CMF) area involves transplantation of autogenous or allogenous bone grafts. However, the inherent drawbacks of this approach strongly urge clinicians and researchers to explore alternative treatment options. Currently, a wide interest exists in local delivery of biomolecules from synthetic biomaterials for CMF bone regeneration, in which small biomolecules are rapidly emerging in recent years as an interesting adjunct for upgrading the clinical treatment of CMF bone regeneration under compromised healing conditions. This review highlights recent advances in the local delivery small and large biomolecules for the clinical treatment of CMF bone defects. Further, it provides a perspective on the efficacy of biomolecule delivery in CMF bone regeneration by reviewing presently available reports of pre-clinical studies using various animal models.
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198
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The use of regenerative medicine in the management of invasive bladder cancer. Adv Urol 2012; 2012:653652. [PMID: 23019421 PMCID: PMC3457671 DOI: 10.1155/2012/653652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle invasive and recurrent nonmuscle invasive bladder cancers have been traditionally treated with a radical cystectomy and urinary diversion. The urinary diversion is generally accomplished through the creation of an incontinent ileal conduit, continent catheterizable reservoir, or orthotopic neobladder utilizing small or large intestine. While radical extirpation of the bladder is often successful from an oncological perspective, there is a significant morbidity associated with enteric interposition within the genitourinary tract. Therefore, there is a great opportunity to decrease the morbidity of the surgical management of bladder cancer through utilization of novel technologies for creating a urinary diversion without the use of intestine. Clinical trials using neourinary conduits (NUC) seeded with autologous smooth muscle cells are currently in progress and may represent a significant surgical advance, potentially eliminating the complications associated with the use of gastrointestinal segments in the urinary reconstruction, simplifying the surgical procedure, and greatly facilitating recovery from cystectomy.
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199
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Wang H, Boerman OC, Sariibrahimoglu K, Li Y, Jansen JA, Leeuwenburgh SCG. Comparison of micro- vs. nanostructured colloidal gelatin gels for sustained delivery of osteogenic proteins: Bone morphogenetic protein-2 and alkaline phosphatase. Biomaterials 2012; 33:8695-703. [PMID: 22922022 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal gels have recently emerged as a promising new class of materials for regenerative medicine by employing micro- and nanospheres as building blocks to assemble into integral scaffolds. To this end, physically crosslinked particulate networks are formed that are injectable yet cohesive. By varying the physicochemical properties of different particle populations, the suitability of colloidal gels for programmed delivery of multiple therapeutic proteins is superior over conventional monolithic gels that lack this strong capacity for controlled drug release. Colloidal gels made of biodegradable polymer micro- or nanospheres have been widely investigated over the past few years, but a direct comparison between micro- vs. nanostructured colloidal gels has not been made yet. Therefore, the current study has compared the viscoelastic properties and capacity for drug release of colloidal gels made of oppositely charged gelatin microspheres vs. nanospheres. Viscoelastic properties of the colloidal gelatin gels were characterized by rheology and simple injectability tests, and in vitro release of two selected osteogenic proteins (i.e. bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)) from the colloidal gelatin gels was evaluated using radiolabeled BMP-2 and ALP. Nanostructured colloidal gelatin gels displayed superior viscoelastic properties over microsphere-based gels in terms of elasticity, injectability, structural integrity, and self-healing behavior upon severe network destruction. In contrast, microstructured colloidal gelatin gels exhibited poor gel strength and integrity, unfavorable injectability, and did not recover after shearing, resulting from the poor gel cohesion due to insufficiently strong interparticle forces. Regarding the capacity for drug delivery, sustained growth factor (BMP-2) release was obtained for both micro- and nanosphere-based gels, the kinetics of which were mainly depending on the particle size of gelatin spheres with the same crosslinking density. Therefore, the optimal gelatin carrier for drug delivery in terms of particle size and crosslinking density still needs to be established for specific clinical indications that require either short-term or long-term release. It can be concluded that nanostructured colloidal gelatin gels show great potential for sustained delivery of therapeutic proteins, whereas microstructured colloidal gelatin gels are not sufficiently cohesive as injectables for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanan Wang
- Department of Biomaterials, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, 6525 EX Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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200
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Tautzenberger A, Kovtun A, Ignatius A. Nanoparticles and their potential for application in bone. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:4545-57. [PMID: 22923992 PMCID: PMC3423651 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s34127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomaterials are commonly applied in regenerative therapy and tissue engineering in bone, and have been substantially refined in recent years. Thereby, research approaches focus more and more on nanoparticles, which have great potential for a variety of applications. Generally, nanoparticles interact distinctively with bone cells and tissue, depending on their composition, size, and shape. Therefore, detailed analyses of nanoparticle effects on cellular functions have been performed to select the most suitable candidates for supporting bone regeneration. This review will highlight potential nanoparticle applications in bone, focusing on cell labeling as well as drug and gene delivery. Labeling, eg, of mesenchymal stem cells, which display exceptional regenerative potential, makes monitoring and evaluation of cell therapy approaches possible. By including bioactive molecules in nanoparticles, locally and temporally controlled support of tissue regeneration is feasible, eg, to directly influence osteoblast differentiation or excessive osteoclast behavior. In addition, the delivery of genetic material with nanoparticulate carriers offers the possibility of overcoming certain disadvantages of standard protein delivery approaches, such as aggregation in the bloodstream during systemic therapy. Moreover, nanoparticles are already clinically applied in cancer treatment. Thus, corresponding efforts could lead to new therapeutic strategies to improve bone regeneration or to treat bone disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Tautzenberger
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Centre of Musculoskeletal Research, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
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