151
|
Physical frailty and cognitive function among men with cardiovascular disease. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2018; 78:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2018.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
152
|
Yang W, Li Y, Wang JY, Han R, Wang L. Circulating levels of adipose tissue-derived inflammatory factors in elderly diabetes patients with carotid atherosclerosis: a retrospective study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2018; 17:75. [PMID: 29848323 PMCID: PMC5975629 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-018-0723-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation has been recognized as a key feature of both type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and atherosclerosis. However, the relationships between circulating levels of novel adipose tissue-derived inflammatory factors, including resistin, vaspin, and visfatin, and the severity of atherosclerosis have not been determined. Moreover, the associations between these inflammatory factors and obesity and insulin resistance in elderly patients remain to be clarified. METHODS A cross-sectional study of 256 elderly patients with T2DM admitted in our center was performed. Baseline circulating levels of resistin, vaspin and visfatin were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Ultrasonic evaluations of the carotid arteries of the patients were performed to reflect the severity of systemic atherosclerosis. Patients were classified as having mild, moderate, or severe atherosclerosis according to the results of carotid ultrasonic examination. Circulating levels of the inflammatory factors listed above also were correlated with body mass index (BMI) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). RESULTS With more severe carotid atherosclerosis, circulating levels of resistin (mild: 2.01 ± 0.23; moderate: 2.89 ± 1.01; severe: 3.12 ± 1.12; p < 0.05) and visfatin (mild: 11.63 ± 7.48; moderate: 15.24 ± 2.19; severe: 17.54 ± 2.98; p < 0.05) gradually increased, while level of vaspin decreased (mild: 317 ± 23.12; moderate: 269 ± 32.12; severe: 229 ± 14.24; p < 0.05). Subsequent results of Pearson coefficient analyses indicated that all of the tested adipose tissue-derived inflammatory factors were positively correlated with the BMI and HOMA-IR of the patients (all p < 0.05), even after adjustment for hs-CRP. CONCLUSIONS The adipose tissue-derived inflammatory factors resistin, vaspin and visfatin may be involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in elderly T2DM patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Capital Medical University, Xuanwu Hospital, No. 45 Chang Chun Street, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Capital Medical University, Xuanwu Hospital, No. 45 Chang Chun Street, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Jie-Yu Wang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Capital Medical University, Xuanwu Hospital, No. 45 Chang Chun Street, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Rui Han
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Capital Medical University, Xuanwu Hospital, No. 45 Chang Chun Street, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Endocrine, Capital Medical University, Xuanwu Hospital, Beijing, 100053, China
| |
Collapse
|
153
|
Siriwardhana DD, Hardoon S, Rait G, Weerasinghe MC, Walters KR. Prevalence of frailty and prefrailty among community-dwelling older adults in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e018195. [PMID: 29496895 PMCID: PMC5855322 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systematically review the research conducted on prevalence of frailty and prefrailty among community-dwelling older adults in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) and to estimate the pooled prevalence of frailty and prefrailty in community-dwelling older adults in LMICs. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. PROSPERO registration number is CRD42016036083. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, EMBASE, AMED, Web of Science, CINAHL and WHO Global Health Library were searched from their inception to 12 September 2017. SETTING Low-income and middle-income countries. PARTICIPANTS Community-dwelling older adults aged ≥60 years. RESULTS We screened 7057 citations and 56 studies were included. Forty-seven and 42 studies were included in the frailty and prefrailty meta-analysis, respectively. The majority of studies were from upper middle-income countries. One study was available from low-income countries. The prevalence of frailty varied from 3.9% (China) to 51.4% (Cuba) and prevalence of prefrailty ranged from 13.4% (Tanzania) to 71.6% (Brazil). The pooled prevalence of frailty was 17.4% (95% CI 14.4% to 20.7%, I2=99.2%) and prefrailty was 49.3% (95% CI 46.4% to 52.2%, I2=97.5%). The wide variation in prevalence rates across studies was largely explained by differences in frailty assessment method and the geographic region. These findings are for the studies with a minimum recruitment age 60, 65 and 70 years. CONCLUSION The prevalence of frailty and prefrailty appears higher in community-dwelling older adults in upper middle-income countries compared with high-income countries, which has important implications for healthcare planning. There is limited evidence on frailty prevalence in lower middle-income and low-income countries. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42016036083.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dhammika D Siriwardhana
- Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Disability Studies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka
| | - Sarah Hardoon
- Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Greta Rait
- Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Manuj C Weerasinghe
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Kate R Walters
- Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
154
|
|
155
|
Díez-Villanueva P, Ariza-Solé A, López J, García-Pardo H, Martín-Sánchez FJ, Martínez-Sellés M. Selection of the Best of 2017 in Heart Failure in Elderly Patients. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE CARDIOLOGIA (ENGLISH ED.) 2018; 71:120-121. [PMID: 29223375 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2017.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Albert Ariza-Solé
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier López
- Servicio de Cardiología, Instituto de Ciencias del Corazón (ICICOR), Hospital Clínico de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Héctor García-Pardo
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Santos Reyes, Aranda de Duero, Burgos, Spain
| | - F Javier Martín-Sánchez
- Servicio de Urgencias, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Martínez-Sellés
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, CIBERCV, Universidad Complutense, Universidad Europea, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
156
|
Crow RS, Lohman MC, Titus AJ, Bruce ML, Mackenzie TA, Bartels SJ, Batsis JA. Mortality Risk Along the Frailty Spectrum: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999 to 2004. J Am Geriatr Soc 2018; 66:496-502. [PMID: 29368330 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.15220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the relationship between frailty and overall and cardiovascular mortality. DESIGN Longitudinal mortality analysis. SETTING National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2004. PARTICIPANTS Community-dwelling older adults aged 60 and older (N = 4,984; mean age 71.1 ± 0.19, 56% female). MEASUREMENTS We used data from 1999-2004 cross-sectional NHANES and mortality data from the National Death Index, updated through December 2011. An adapted version of Fried's frailty criteria was used (low body mass index, slow walking speed, weakness, exhaustion, low physical activity). Frailty was defined as persons meeting 3 or more criteria, prefrailty as meeting 1 or 2 criteria, and robust (reference) as not meeting any criteria. The primary outcome was to evaluate the association between frailty and overall and cardiovascular mortality. Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate the association between risk of death and frailty category adjusted for age, sex, race, smoking, education, coronary artery disease, heart failure, nonskin cancer, diabetes, and arthritis. RESULTS Half (50.4%) of participants were classified as robust, 40.3% as prefrail, and 9.2% as frail. Fully adjusted models demonstrated that prefrail (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.64, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.45-1.85) and frail (HR = 2.79, 95% CI = 2.35-3.30) participants had a greater risk of death and of cardiovascular death (prefrail: HR = 1.84, 95% CI = 1.45-2.34; frail: HR = 3.39, 95% CI = 2.45-4.70). CONCLUSION Frailty and prefrailty are associated with increased risk of death. Demonstrating the association between prefrail status and mortality is the first step to identifying potential targets of intervention in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca S Crow
- Section of General Internal Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire.,Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire.,Dartmouth Centers for Health and Aging, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Matthew C Lohman
- Dartmouth Centers for Health and Aging, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire.,Health Promotion Research Center at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Alexander J Titus
- Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire.,Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Martha L Bruce
- Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire.,Dartmouth Centers for Health and Aging, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire.,Health Promotion Research Center at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Todd A Mackenzie
- Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire.,Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire.,Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Research, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Stephen J Bartels
- Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire.,Dartmouth Centers for Health and Aging, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire.,Health Promotion Research Center at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire.,Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Research, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - John A Batsis
- Section of General Internal Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire.,Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire.,Dartmouth Centers for Health and Aging, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire.,Health Promotion Research Center at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire.,Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Research, Lebanon, New Hampshire.,Dartmouth Weight & Wellness Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| |
Collapse
|
157
|
Cereda E, Veronese N, Caccialanza R. The final word on nutritional screening and assessment in older persons. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2018; 21:24-29. [PMID: 29035968 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To provide an updated perspective of how nutritional screening and assessment in older persons should be performed and reasonably implemented in the near future. RECENT FINDINGS Although nutritional screening and assessment should be fast and easy procedures, there is increasing evidence that more time should be dedicated to them. This is probably an answer to the claim to a medicine being more preventive than curative. Increasing interest is currently given to healthy aging and nutritional status is more likely to be addressed for its implications on functional status and disability. Important prognostic conditions, such as frailty, sarcopenia, and cachexia, which are closely linked to the nutritional domain, are at the top of the agenda. Therefore, body composition is a key issue and functional status is suggested as primary endpoint of nutrition trials. In this scenario, there is also a rationale for systematic assessment of inflammation, protein intake, and vitamin D status as potential contributing factors to reduced muscle mass and function. SUMMARY A 'second-generation' multidimensional nutritional screening and assessment including the evaluation of body composition, frailty, sarcopenia, and cachexia could be hypothesized. Nutritional assessment should be also completed by the systematic evaluation of inflammation, protein intake, and vitamin D status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Cereda
- Nutrition and Dietetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia
| | - Nicola Veronese
- National Research Council, Neuroscience Institute, Aging Branch
- Institute of Clinical Research and Education in Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
158
|
Kane AE, Howlett SE. Differences in Cardiovascular Aging in Men and Women. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1065:389-411. [PMID: 30051398 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-77932-4_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases increase dramatically with age in both men and women. While it is clear that advanced age allows more time for individuals to be exposed to risk factors in general, there is strong evidence that age itself is a major independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Indeed, there are distinct age-dependent cellular, structural, and functional changes in both the heart and blood vessels, even in individuals with no clinical evidence of cardiovascular disease. Studies in older humans and in animal models of aging indicate that this age-related remodeling is maladaptive. An emerging view is that the heart and blood vessels accumulate cellular and subcellular deficits with age and these deficits increase susceptibility to disease in older individuals. Aspects of this age-dependent remodeling of the heart and blood vessels differ between the sexes. There is also new evidence that these maladaptive changes are more prominent in older animals and humans with a high degree of frailty. These observations may help explain why men and women are susceptible to different cardiovascular diseases as they age and why frail older adults are most often affected by these diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice E Kane
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Susan E Howlett
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
- Department of Medicine (Geriatric Medicine), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
159
|
Veronese N, Stubbs B, Maggi S, Notarnicola M, Barbagallo M, Firth J, Dominguez LJ, Caruso MG. Dietary Magnesium and Incident Frailty in Older People at Risk for Knee Osteoarthritis: An Eight-Year Longitudinal Study. Nutrients 2017; 9:E1253. [PMID: 29144404 PMCID: PMC5707725 DOI: 10.3390/nu9111253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inadequate magnesium (Mg) intake is associated with lower physical performance, but the relationship with frailty in older people is unclear. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether higher dietary Mg intake is associated with a lower risk of frailty in a large cohort of North American individuals. Details regarding Mg intake were recorded through a food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and categorized as greater than/equal to Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) vs. lower. Frailty was defined using the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures index. Multivariable Cox's regression analyses, calculating hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), were undertaken by sex. In total, 4421 individuals with knee osteoarthritis or who were at high risk without frailty at baseline (mean age: 61.3, females = 58.0%) were followed for 8 years. After adjusting for 11 potential baseline confounders, reaching the RDA for Mg lowered risk of frailty among men (total n = 1857, HR = 0.51; 95% CI: 0.26-0.93), whilst no significant associations were found in women (total n = 2564). Each 100 mg of dietary Mg intake at baseline corresponded to a 22% reduction in men (HR = 0.78; 95% CI: 0.62-0.97; p = 0.03), but not in women (HR = 1.05; 95% CI: 0.89-1.23). In conclusion, higher dietary Mg intake appears to reduce the risk of frailty in men, but not in women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Veronese
- Ambulatory of Clinical Nutrition, Research Hospital, IRCCS "S. de Bellis", Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy.
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, National Institute of Gastroenterology-Research Hospital, IRCCS "S. de Bellis", Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy.
- National Research Council, Neuroscience Institute, Aging Branch, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128 Padua, Italy.
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AZ, UK.
- Faculty of Health, Social Care and Education, Anglia Ruskin University, Bishop Hall Lane, Chelmsford CM1 1SQ, UK.
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN) King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK.
| | - Stefania Maggi
- National Research Council, Neuroscience Institute, Aging Branch, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128 Padua, Italy.
| | - Maria Notarnicola
- Ambulatory of Clinical Nutrition, Research Hospital, IRCCS "S. de Bellis", Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy.
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, National Institute of Gastroenterology-Research Hospital, IRCCS "S. de Bellis", Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy.
| | - Mario Barbagallo
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University of Palermo, 90142 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Joseph Firth
- NICM Health Research Institute, University of Western Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2751, Australia.
| | - Ligia J Dominguez
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University of Palermo, 90142 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Maria Gabriella Caruso
- Ambulatory of Clinical Nutrition, Research Hospital, IRCCS "S. de Bellis", Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy.
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, National Institute of Gastroenterology-Research Hospital, IRCCS "S. de Bellis", Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
160
|
Shivappa N, Stubbs B, Hébert JR, Cesari M, Schofield P, Soysal P, Maggi S, Veronese N. The Relationship Between the Dietary Inflammatory Index and Incident Frailty: A Longitudinal Cohort Study. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2017; 19:77-82. [PMID: 28943182 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inflammation is key risk factor for several conditions in the elderly. However, the relationship between inflammation and frailty is still unclear. We investigated whether higher dietary inflammatory index (DII) scores were associated with higher incidence of frailty in a cohort of North Americans. DESIGN Longitudinal, with a follow-up of 8 years. SETTING Osteoarthritis Initiative. PARTICIPANTS A total of 4421 participants with, or at high risk of, knee osteoarthritis. MEASUREMENTS DII scores were calculated using the validated Block Brief 2000 Food-Frequency Questionnaire and categorized into sex-specific quartiles. Frailty was defined as 2 out of 3 of the criteria of the Study of Osteoporotic Fracture study (ie, weight loss, inability to rise from a chair 5 times, and poor energy). The strength of the association between baseline DII score and incident frailty was assessed through a Cox's regression analysis, adjusted for potential baseline confounders, and reported as hazard ratios. RESULTS A total of 4421 community-dwelling participants (2564 female participants; mean age: 61.3 years) without frailty at baseline were identified from the Osteoarthritis Initiative. During 8 years of follow-up, 356 individuals developed frailty (8.2%). Using Cox's regression analysis, adjusting for 11 potential confounders, participants with the highest DII score (quartile 4) had a significantly higher risk of experiencing frailty (hazard ratio 1.37; 95% confidence interval 1.01-1.89; P = .04) compared with participants with the lowest DII score (quartile 1). The association between DII score and frailty was significant only in men. CONCLUSIONS Higher DII scores, indicating a more proinflammatory diet, are associated with higher incidence of frailty, particularly in men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Shivappa
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC; Connecting Health Innovations LLC, Columbia, SC
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Faculty of Health, Social Care and Education, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, United Kingdom
| | - James R Hébert
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC; Connecting Health Innovations LLC, Columbia, SC
| | - Matteo Cesari
- Gérontopôle, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (UMR1027), Université de Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Patricia Schofield
- Faculty of Health, Social Care and Education, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, United Kingdom
| | - Pinar Soysal
- Kayseri Education and Research Hospital, Geriatric Center, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Stefania Maggi
- National Research Council, Neuroscience Institute, Aging Branch, Padova, Italy
| | - Nicola Veronese
- National Research Council, Neuroscience Institute, Aging Branch, Padova, Italy; Ambulatory Clinical Nutrition, Research Hospital, IRCCS "S. de Bellis", Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
161
|
Veronese N, Sigeirsdottir K, Eiriksdottir G, Marques EA, Chalhoub D, Phillips CL, Launer LJ, Maggi S, Gudnason V, Harris TB. Frailty and Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases in Older Persons: The Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility-Reykjavik Study. Rejuvenation Res 2017; 20:517-524. [PMID: 28602121 PMCID: PMC5731544 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2016.1905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Frailty is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD), but the studies available have not considered the presence of subclinical atherosclerotic disease as potential confounders. We investigated the association between frailty and the onset of CVD independently of subclinical atherosclerotic disease. For this reason, a sample of 3818 older participants participating in the Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility—Reykjavik Study without CVD at baseline was followed for a median of 8.7 years. Frailty was defined as the presence of ≥3 among five Fried's criteria (unintentional weight loss, low physical activity level, weakness, exhaustion, and slow gait speed). Incident CVD was defined as onset of coronary artery disease, heart failure, stroke, and CVD-related mortality identified using hospital, medical, and death records. Subclinical atherosclerotic disease was evaluated as the maximum value of carotid intima media thickness, presence of carotid plaque (moderate or high), and total coronary calcifications (CACs). At baseline, frail participants (n = 300) were more frequently obese, diabetic, and had a greater presence of metabolic syndrome than the nonfrail (n = 3518). Frail participants also showed a higher presence of carotid plaques and CACs. Using a Cox's regression analysis, adjusted for clinical, biochemical, and subclinical atherosclerosis estimates, frailty increased the risk of CVD (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.35; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05–1.74), with results stronger for women than men (HR = 1.51, p = 0.006 and 1.19, p = 0.44, respectively). Among Fried's criteria, exhaustion was the only criterion significantly associated with the onset of new CVD events (HR = 1.30; 95% CI: 1.00–1.73). In conclusion, frailty was associated with the onset of CVD in older people even after adjusting for subclinical atherosclerotic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Veronese
- 1 National Research Council, Neuroscience Institute-Aging Branch, Padova, Italy
| | | | | | - Elisa A Marques
- 3 Laboratory of Epidemiology, and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging , Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Didier Chalhoub
- 3 Laboratory of Epidemiology, and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging , Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Caroline L Phillips
- 3 Laboratory of Epidemiology, and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging , Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lenore J Launer
- 3 Laboratory of Epidemiology, and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging , Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Stefania Maggi
- 1 National Research Council, Neuroscience Institute-Aging Branch, Padova, Italy
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- 2 Icelandic Heart Association , Kopavogur, Iceland .,4 University of Iceland School of Medicine , Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Tamara B Harris
- 3 Laboratory of Epidemiology, and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging , Bethesda, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
162
|
The Reply. Am J Med 2017; 130:e321. [PMID: 28619374 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
163
|
Veronese N, Stubbs B, Noale M, Solmi M, Pilotto A, Vaona A, Demurtas J, Mueller C, Huntley J, Crepaldi G, Maggi S. Polypharmacy Is Associated With Higher Frailty Risk in Older People: An 8-Year Longitudinal Cohort Study. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2017; 18:624-628. [PMID: 28396180 PMCID: PMC5484754 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether polypharmacy is associated with a higher incidence of frailty in a large cohort of North Americans during 8 years of follow-up. DESIGN Longitudinal study, follow-up of 8 years. PARTICIPANTS A total of 4402 individuals at high risk or having knee osteoarthritis free from frailty at baseline. MEASUREMENTS Details regarding medication prescription were captured and categorized as 0-3, 4-6, and ≥7. Frailty was defined using the Study of Osteoporotic Fracture index as the presence of ≥2 out of (1) weight loss ≥5% between baseline and the subsequent follow-up visit; (2) inability to do 5 chair stands; and (3) low energy level according to the Study of Osteoporotic Fracture definition. Cox's regression models calculating a hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusted for potential confounders, were undertaken. RESULTS During the 8-year follow-up, from 4402 participants at baseline, 361 became frail. Compared with participants taking 0-3 medications, the incidence of frailty was approximately double in those taking 4-6 medications and 6 times higher in people taking ≥7 medications. After adjusting for 11 potential baseline confounders, participants using 4-6 medications had a higher risk of frailty of 55% (HR = 1.55; 95% CI 1.22-1.96; P < .0001), whereas those using more than 7 drugs were at approximately 147% (HR = 2.47; 95% CI 1.78-3.43; P < .0001). Each additional drug used at the baseline increased the risk of frailty at the follow-up of 11% (HR = 1.11; 95% CI 1.07-1.15; P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS Polypharmacy is associated with a higher incidence of frailty over 8-year follow-up period. Our data suggest evidence of a dose response relationship. Future research is required to confirm our findings and explore underlying mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Veronese
- National Research Council, Neuroscience Institute, Aging Branch, Padua, Italy; Institute for clinical Research and Education in Medicine, IREM, Padua, Italy; Department of Geriatric Care, OrthoGeriatrics and Rehabilitation, E.O. Galliera Hospital, Genova, Italy.
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, United Kingdom; Faculty of Health, Social care and Education, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, United Kingdom; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN) King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marianna Noale
- National Research Council, Neuroscience Institute, Aging Branch, Padua, Italy
| | - Marco Solmi
- Institute for clinical Research and Education in Medicine, IREM, Padua, Italy; Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Alberto Pilotto
- Department of Geriatric Care, OrthoGeriatrics and Rehabilitation, E.O. Galliera Hospital, Genova, Italy
| | - Alberto Vaona
- Primary Care Department, Azienda ULSS20 Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Jacopo Demurtas
- Primary Care Department, Azienda USL Toscana Sud Est, Grosseto, Italy
| | - Christoph Mueller
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN) King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Huntley
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN) King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gaetano Crepaldi
- National Research Council, Neuroscience Institute, Aging Branch, Padua, Italy
| | - Stefania Maggi
- National Research Council, Neuroscience Institute, Aging Branch, Padua, Italy
| |
Collapse
|