151
|
Urosev I, Bakaic E, Alsop RJ, Rheinstädter MC, Hoare T. Tuning the properties of injectable poly(oligoethylene glycol methacrylate) hydrogels by controlling precursor polymer molecular weight. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:6541-6551. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb02197b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The properties of POEGMA hydrogels are tuned in a chemistry-independent manner via manipulation of the molecular weight of precursor polymers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Urosev
- School of Biomedical Engineering
- McMaster University
- Hamilton
- Canada
| | - Emilia Bakaic
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- McMaster University
- Hamilton
- Canada
| | - Richard J. Alsop
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- McMaster University
- Hamilton
- Canada
| | | | - Todd Hoare
- School of Biomedical Engineering
- McMaster University
- Hamilton
- Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering
| |
Collapse
|
152
|
Muoth C, Rottmar M, Schipanski A, Gmuender C, Maniura-Weber K, Wick P, Buerki-Thurnherr T. A micropatterning approach to study the influence of actin cytoskeletal organization on polystyrene nanoparticle uptake by BeWo cells. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra13782b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The microcontact printing technique was successfully applied to study nanoparticle uptake in dependence on different actin cytoskeletal organizations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C. Muoth
- Particles-Biology Interactions
- Empa
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology
- 9014 St. Gallen
- Switzerland
| | - M. Rottmar
- Biointerfaces
- Empa
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology
- 9014 St. Gallen
- Switzerland
| | - A. Schipanski
- Biointerfaces
- Empa
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology
- 9014 St. Gallen
- Switzerland
| | - C. Gmuender
- Particles-Biology Interactions
- Empa
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology
- 9014 St. Gallen
- Switzerland
| | - K. Maniura-Weber
- Biointerfaces
- Empa
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology
- 9014 St. Gallen
- Switzerland
| | - P. Wick
- Particles-Biology Interactions
- Empa
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology
- 9014 St. Gallen
- Switzerland
| | - T. Buerki-Thurnherr
- Particles-Biology Interactions
- Empa
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology
- 9014 St. Gallen
- Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
153
|
Jung JP, Bache-Wiig MK, Provenzano PP, Ogle BM. Heterogeneous Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells in 3D Extracellular Matrix Composites. Biores Open Access 2016; 5:37-48. [PMID: 26862471 PMCID: PMC4744874 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2015.0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins are structural elements of tissue and also potent signaling molecules. Previously, our laboratory showed that ECM of 2D coatings can trigger differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into mesodermal lineages in an ECM-specific manner over 14 days, in some cases comparable to chemical induction. To test whether a similar effect was possible in a 3D, tissue-like environment, we designed a synthetic-natural biomaterial composite. The composite can present whole-molecule ECM proteins to cells, even those that do not spontaneously form hydrogels ex vivo, in 3D. To this end, we entrapped collagen type I, laminin-111, or fibronectin in ECM composites with MSCs and directly compared markers of mesodermal differentiation including cardiomyogenic (ACTC1), osteogenic (SPP1), adipogenic (PPARG), and chondrogenic (SOX9) in 2D versus 3D. We found the 3D condition largely mimicked the 2D condition such that the addition of type I collagen was the most potent inducer of differentiation to all lineages tested. One notable difference between 2D and 3D was pronounced adipogenic differentiation in 3D especially in the presence of exogenous collagen type I. In particular, PPARG gene expression was significantly increased ∼16-fold relative to chemical induction, in 3D and not in 2D. Unexpectedly, 3D engagement of ECM proteins also altered immunomodulatory function of MSCs in that expression of IL-6 gene was elevated relative to basal levels in 2D. In fact, levels of IL-6 gene expression in 3D composites containing exogenously supplied collagen type I or fibronectin were statistically similar to levels attained in 2D with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) stimulation and these levels were sustained over a 2-week period. Thus, this novel biomaterial platform allowed us to compare the biochemical impact of whole-molecule ECM proteins in 2D versus 3D indicating enhanced adipogenic differentiation and IL-6 expression of MSC in the 3D context. Exploiting the biochemical impact of ECM proteins on MSC differentiation and immunomodulation could augment the therapeutic utility of MSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jangwook P Jung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota.; Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Meredith K Bache-Wiig
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities , Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Paolo P Provenzano
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota.; Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota.; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota.; Institute for Engineering in Medicine, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Brenda M Ogle
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota.; Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota.; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota.; Institute for Engineering in Medicine, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota.; Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| |
Collapse
|
154
|
Wang Y, Li Y, Thérien-Aubin H, Ma J, Zandstra PW, Kumacheva E. Two-dimensional arrays of cell-laden polymer hydrogel modules. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2016; 10:014110. [PMID: 26858822 PMCID: PMC4723409 DOI: 10.1063/1.4940430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Microscale technologies offer the capability to generate in vitro artificial cellular microenvironments that recapitulate the spatial, biochemical, and biophysical characteristics of the native extracellular matrices and enable systematic, quantitative, and high-throughput studies of cell fate in their respective environments. We developed a microfluidic platform for the generation of two-dimensional arrays of micrometer-size cell-laden hydrogel modules (HMs) for cell encapsulation and culture. Fibroblast cells (NIH 3T3) and non-adherent T cells (EL4) encapsulated in HMs showed high viability and proliferation. The platform was used for real-time studies of the effect of spatial constraints and structural and mechanical properties of HMs on cell growth, both on the level of individual cells. Due to the large number of cell-laden HMs and stochastic cell distribution, cell studies were conducted in a time- and labor efficient manner. The platform has a broad range of applications in the exploration of the role of chemical and biophysical cues on individual cells, studies of in vitro cell migration, and the examination of cell-extracellular matrix and cell-cell interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yihe Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | | | - Jennifer Ma
- Institute of Biomaterials & Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto , 164 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
155
|
Truong VX, Hun ML, Li F, Chidgey AP, Forsythe JS. In situ-forming click-crosslinked gelatin based hydrogels for 3D culture of thymic epithelial cells. Biomater Sci 2016; 4:1123-31. [DOI: 10.1039/c6bm00254d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In situ-forming gelatin based hydrogels, which are crosslinked using an efficient nitrile oxide-norbornene click reaction, provide a suitable 3D culture environment for thymic epithelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vinh X. Truong
- Department of Material Science and Engineering
- Monash Institute of Medical Engineering
- Monash University
- Australia
| | - Michael L. Hun
- Stem Cells and Immune Regeneration Laboratory
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology
- Level 3
- 15 Innovation Walk
- Monash University
| | - Fanyi Li
- Department of Material Science and Engineering
- Monash Institute of Medical Engineering
- Monash University
- Australia
- CSIRO Manufacturing Flagship
| | - Ann P. Chidgey
- Stem Cells and Immune Regeneration Laboratory
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology
- Level 3
- 15 Innovation Walk
- Monash University
| | - John S. Forsythe
- Department of Material Science and Engineering
- Monash Institute of Medical Engineering
- Monash University
- Australia
| |
Collapse
|
156
|
Li Y, Kilian KA. Bridging the Gap: From 2D Cell Culture to 3D Microengineered Extracellular Matrices. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:2780-96. [PMID: 26592366 PMCID: PMC4780579 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Historically the culture of mammalian cells in the laboratory has been performed on planar substrates with media cocktails that are optimized to maintain phenotype. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that much of biology discerned from 2D studies does not translate well to the 3D microenvironment. Over the last several decades, 2D and 3D microengineering approaches have been developed that better recapitulate the complex architecture and properties of in vivo tissue. Inspired by the infrastructure of the microelectronics industry, lithographic patterning approaches have taken center stage because of the ease in which cell-sized features can be engineered on surfaces and within a broad range of biocompatible materials. Patterning and templating techniques enable precise control over extracellular matrix properties including: composition, mechanics, geometry, cell-cell contact, and diffusion. In this review article we explore how the field of engineered extracellular matrices has evolved with the development of new hydrogel chemistry and the maturation of micro- and nano- fabrication. Guided by the spatiotemporal regulation of cell state in developing tissues, techniques for micropatterning in 2D, pseudo-3D systems, and patterning within 3D hydrogels will be discussed in the context of translating the information gained from 2D systems to synthetic engineered 3D tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanfen Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Genomic Biology, Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana IL, 61801
| | - Kristopher A. Kilian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Genomic Biology, Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana IL, 61801
| |
Collapse
|
157
|
Luu TU, Gott SC, Woo BWK, Rao MP, Liu WF. Micro- and Nanopatterned Topographical Cues for Regulating Macrophage Cell Shape and Phenotype. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:28665-72. [PMID: 26605491 PMCID: PMC4797644 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b10589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the interactions between macrophages and biomaterials is critical for modulating the response to implants. While it has long been thought that biomaterial surface chemistry regulates the immune response, recent studies have suggested that material geometry may in fact dominate. Our previous work demonstrated that elongation of macrophages regulates their polarization toward a pro-healing phenotype. In this work, we elucidate how surface topology might be leveraged to alter macrophage cell morphology and polarization state. Using a deep etch technique, we fabricated titanium surfaces containing micro- and nanopatterned grooves, which have been previously shown to promote cell elongation. Morphology, phenotypic markers, and cytokine secretion of murine bone marrow derived macrophages on different groove widths were analyzed. The results suggest that micro- and nanopatterned grooves influenced macrophage elongation, which peaked on substrates with 400-500 nm wide grooves. Surface grooves did not affect inflammatory activation but drove macrophages toward an anti-inflammatory, pro-healing phenotype. While secretion of TNF-alpha remained low in macrophages across all conditions, macrophages secreted significantly higher levels of anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10, on intermediate groove widths compared to cells on other Ti surfaces. Our findings highlight the potential of using surface topography to regulate macrophage function, and thus control the wound healing and tissue repair response to biomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thuy U. Luu
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, University of California at Irvine
- The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California at Irvine
| | - Shannon C. Gott
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California at Riverside
| | - Bryan W. K. Woo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California at Riverside
| | - Masaru P. Rao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California at Riverside
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California at Riverside
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California at Riverside
| | - Wendy F. Liu
- The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California at Irvine
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California at Irvine
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California at Irvine
- Corresponding Author Address: University of California Irvine, 2412 Engineering Hall, Irvine, CA 92697, Tel.: +1 949 824 1682; fax: +1 949 824 9968,
| |
Collapse
|
158
|
Acevedo-Acevedo S, Crone WC. Substrate stiffness effect and chromosome missegregation in hIPS cells. J Negat Results Biomed 2015; 14:22. [PMID: 26683848 PMCID: PMC4683860 DOI: 10.1186/s12952-015-0042-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ensuring genetic stability in pluripotent stem cell (PSC) cultures is essential for the development of successful cell therapies. Although most instances lead to failed experiments and go unreported in the literature, many laboratories have found the emergence of genetic abnormalities in PSCs when cultured in vitro for prolonged amounts of time. These cells are primarily cultured in non-physiological stiff substrates like tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) which raises the possibility that the cause of these abnormalities may be influenced by substrate mechanics. FINDINGS In order to investigate this, human PSCs were grown on substrates of varying stiffness such as a range of polyacrylamide formulations, TCPS, and borosilicate glass coverslips. These substrates allowed for the testing of a stiffness range from 5kPa to 64GPa. Two human induced PSC (iPSC) lines were analyzed in this study: 19-9-11 iPSCs and 19.7 clone F iPSCs. Centrosome and DNA staining revealed that 19-9-11 iPSCs range from 1-8.5 % abnormal mitoses under the different culture conditions. A range of 4.4-8.1 % abnormal mitoses was found for 19.7 clone F iPSCs. CONCLUSIONS Abnormal cell division was not biased towards one particular substrate. It was confirmed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's Honest Significant Difference test that there was no statistically significant difference between passage numbers, cell lines, or substrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Wendy C Crone
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA. .,Department of Engineering Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
159
|
Wang L, Xu C, Zhu Y, Yu Y, Sun N, Zhang X, Feng K, Qin J. Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived beating cardiac tissues on paper. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:4283-4290. [PMID: 26430714 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc00919g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in using paper as a biomaterial scaffold for cell-based applications. In this study, we made the first attempt to fabricate a paper-based array for the culture, proliferation, and direct differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) into functional beating cardiac tissues and create "a beating heart on paper." This array was simply constructed by binding a cured multi-well polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) mold with common, commercially available paper substrates. Three types of paper material (print paper, chromatography paper and nitrocellulose membrane) were tested for adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of human-derived iPSCs. We found that hiPSCs grew well on these paper substrates, presenting a three-dimensional (3D)-like morphology with a pluripotent property. The direct differentiation of human iPSCs into functional cardiac tissues on paper was also achieved using our modified differentiation approach. The cardiac tissue retained its functional activities on the coated print paper and chromatography paper with a beating frequency of 40-70 beats per min for up to three months. Interestingly, human iPSCs could be differentiated into retinal pigment epithelium on nitrocellulose membrane under the conditions of cardiac-specific induction, indicating the potential roles of material properties and mechanical cues that are involved in regulating stem cell differentiation. Taken together, these results suggest that different grades of paper could offer great opportunities as bioactive, low-cost, and 3D in vitro platforms for stem cell-based high-throughput drug testing at the tissue/organ level and for tissue engineering applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, Dalian, China.
| | - Cong Xu
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, Dalian, China.
| | - Yujuan Zhu
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, Dalian, China.
| | - Yue Yu
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, Dalian, China.
| | - Ning Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhang
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, Dalian, China.
| | - Ke Feng
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, Dalian, China.
| | - Jianhua Qin
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, Dalian, China.
| |
Collapse
|
160
|
Lee J, Abdeen AA, Tang X, Saif TA, Kilian KA. Geometric guidance of integrin mediated traction stress during stem cell differentiation. Biomaterials 2015; 69:174-83. [PMID: 26285084 PMCID: PMC4556610 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cells sense and transduce the chemical and mechanical properties of their microenvironment through cell surface integrin receptors. Traction stress exerted by cells on the extracellular matrix mediates focal adhesion stabilization and regulation of the cytoskeleton for directing biological activity. Understanding how stem cells integrate biomaterials properties through focal adhesions during differentiation is important for the design of soft materials for regenerative medicine. In this paper we use micropatterned hydrogels containing fluorescent beads to explore force transmission through integrins from single mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) during differentiation. When cultured on polyacrylamide gels, MSCs will express markers associated with osteogenesis and myogenesis in a stiffness dependent manner. The shape of single cells and the composition of tethered matrix protein both influence the magnitude of traction stress applied and the resultant differentiation outcome. We show how geometry guides the spatial positioning of focal adhesions to maximize interaction with the matrix, and uncover a relationship between αvβ3, α5β1 and mechanochemical regulation of osteogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junmin Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA; Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA
| | - Amr A Abdeen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA; Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA
| | - Xin Tang
- Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA; Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Taher A Saif
- Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA; Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Kristopher A Kilian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA; Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
161
|
Development of tailored and self-mineralizing citric acid-crosslinked hydrogels for in situ bone regeneration. Biomaterials 2015; 68:42-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.07.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
162
|
Abdeen AA, Lee J, Mo SH, Kilian KA. Spatially defined stem cell-laden hydrogel islands for directing endothelial tubulogenesis. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:7896-7898. [PMID: 26693014 DOI: 10.1039/c5tb01294e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The spatiotemporal coordination of angiogenesis in synthetic materials is important for mimicking natural tissue morphogenesis. Here we report patterned hydrogel encapsulation of mesenchymal stem cells to direct endothelial tubulogenesis in co-culture. Tubulogenesis occurs preferentially over MSC patterns, suggesting this strategy may prove useful in guiding the design of heterotypic engineered tissues.
Collapse
|
163
|
Sayin E, Baran ET, Hasirci V. Osteogenic differentiation of adipose derived stem cells on high and low aspect ratio micropatterns. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2015; 26:1402-24. [PMID: 26418723 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2015.1100494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) were cultured on collagen-silk fibroin films with microchannel and micropillar patterns to investigate the effects of cell morphology changes on osteogenic differentiation. Channel and pillar micropatterned films were prepared from collagen type I and silk fibroin. While higher ADSC proliferation profiles were obtained on micropillar blend film, microchannel blend films, however, caused twice higher aspect ratio and effective orientation of cells. Alkaline phosphatase activity of ADSCs was several times higher on microchannel surface when the measured activities were normalized to cell number. Effective deposition of collagen type I and mineral by the cells were observed for patterned and unpatterned films, and these extracellular matrix components were oriented along the axis of the microchannels. In conclusion, the use of collagen-fibroin blend film with microchannel topography increased the aspect ratio and alignment of cells significantly, and was also effective in the differentiation of ADSCs into osteogenic lineage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esen Sayin
- a Department of Biotechnology , METU , Ankara 06800 , Turkey.,b BIOMATEN , METU Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering , Ankara 06800 , Turkey
| | - Erkan Türker Baran
- b BIOMATEN , METU Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering , Ankara 06800 , Turkey
| | - Vasif Hasirci
- a Department of Biotechnology , METU , Ankara 06800 , Turkey.,b BIOMATEN , METU Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering , Ankara 06800 , Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
164
|
Lee JH, Park HK, Kim KS. Intrinsic and extrinsic mechanical properties related to the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 473:752-7. [PMID: 26403968 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.09.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Diverse intrinsic and extrinsic mechanical factors have a strong influence on the regulation of stem cell fate. In this work, we examined recent literature on the effects of mechanical environments on stem cells, especially on differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). We provide a brief review of intrinsic mechanical properties of single MSC and examined the correlation between the intrinsic mechanical property of MSC and the differentiation ability. The effects of extrinsic mechanical factors relevant to the differentiation of MSCs were considered separately. The effect of nanostructure and elasticity of the matrix on the differentiation of MSCs were summarized. Finally, we consider how the extrinsic mechanical properties transfer to MSCs and then how the effects on the intrinsic mechanical properties affect stem cell differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ho Lee
- School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun-Kuk Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Healthcare Industry Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Program of Medical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Sook Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Program of Medical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
165
|
Akhmanova M, Osidak E, Domogatsky S, Rodin S, Domogatskaya A. Physical, Spatial, and Molecular Aspects of Extracellular Matrix of In Vivo Niches and Artificial Scaffolds Relevant to Stem Cells Research. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2015:167025. [PMID: 26351461 PMCID: PMC4553184 DOI: 10.1155/2015/167025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 06/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix can influence stem cell choices, such as self-renewal, quiescence, migration, proliferation, phenotype maintenance, differentiation, or apoptosis. Three aspects of extracellular matrix were extensively studied during the last decade: physical properties, spatial presentation of adhesive epitopes, and molecular complexity. Over 15 different parameters have been shown to influence stem cell choices. Physical aspects include stiffness (or elasticity), viscoelasticity, pore size, porosity, amplitude and frequency of static and dynamic deformations applied to the matrix. Spatial aspects include scaffold dimensionality (2D or 3D) and thickness; cell polarity; area, shape, and microscale topography of cell adhesion surface; epitope concentration, epitope clustering characteristics (number of epitopes per cluster, spacing between epitopes within cluster, spacing between separate clusters, cluster patterns, and level of disorder in epitope arrangement), and nanotopography. Biochemical characteristics of natural extracellular matrix molecules regard diversity and structural complexity of matrix molecules, affinity and specificity of epitope interaction with cell receptors, role of non-affinity domains, complexity of supramolecular organization, and co-signaling by growth factors or matrix epitopes. Synergy between several matrix aspects enables stem cells to retain their function in vivo and may be a key to generation of long-term, robust, and effective in vitro stem cell culture systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Egor Osidak
- Imtek Limited, 3 Cherepkovskaya 15, Moscow 21552, Russia
- Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology Federal State Budgetary Institution, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Gamalei 18, Moscow 123098, Russia
| | - Sergey Domogatsky
- Imtek Limited, 3 Cherepkovskaya 15, Moscow 21552, Russia
- Russian Cardiology Research and Production Center Federal State Budgetary Institution, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 3 Cherepkovskaya 15, Moscow 21552, Russia
| | - Sergey Rodin
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Domogatskaya
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
166
|
Ye K, Wang X, Cao L, Li S, Li Z, Yu L, Ding J. Matrix Stiffness and Nanoscale Spatial Organization of Cell-Adhesive Ligands Direct Stem Cell Fate. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:4720-9. [PMID: 26027605 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b01619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
One of the breakthroughs in biomaterials and regenerative medicine in the latest decade is the finding that matrix stiffness affords a crucial physical cue of stem cell differentiation. This statement was recently challenged by another understanding that protein tethering on material surfaces instead of matrix stiffness was the essential cue to regulate stem cells. Herein, we employed nonfouling poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels as the matrix to prevent nonspecific protein adsorption, and meanwhile covalently bound cell-adhesive arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD) peptides onto the hydrogel surfaces in the form of well-defined nanoarrays to control specific cell adhesion. This approach enables the decoupling of the effects of matrix stiffness and surface chemistry. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were cultured on four substrates (two compressive moduli of the PEG hydrogels multiplied by two RGD nanospacings) and incubated in the mixed osteogenic and adipogenic medium. The results illustrate unambiguously that matrix stiffness is a potent regulator of stem cell differentiation. Moreover, we reveal that RGD nanospacing affects spreading area and differentiation of rat MSCs, regardless of the hydrogel stiffness. Therefore, both matrix stiffness and nanoscale spatial organization of cell-adhesive ligands direct stem cell fate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center of Polymers and Polymer Composite Materials, Department of Macromolecular Science, Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center of Polymers and Polymer Composite Materials, Department of Macromolecular Science, Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Luping Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center of Polymers and Polymer Composite Materials, Department of Macromolecular Science, Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shiyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center of Polymers and Polymer Composite Materials, Department of Macromolecular Science, Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhenhua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center of Polymers and Polymer Composite Materials, Department of Macromolecular Science, Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center of Polymers and Polymer Composite Materials, Department of Macromolecular Science, Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jiandong Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center of Polymers and Polymer Composite Materials, Department of Macromolecular Science, Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| |
Collapse
|
167
|
Lee MK, Rich MH, Lee J, Kong H. A bio-inspired, microchanneled hydrogel with controlled spacing of cell adhesion ligands regulates 3D spatial organization of cells and tissue. Biomaterials 2015; 58:26-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
168
|
Hao J, Zhang Y, Jing D, Shen Y, Tang G, Huang S, Zhao Z. Mechanobiology of mesenchymal stem cells: Perspective into mechanical induction of MSC fate. Acta Biomater 2015; 20:1-9. [PMID: 25871537 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem and stromal cells (MSCs) are promising candidates for cell-based therapies in diverse conditions including tissue engineering. Advancement of these therapies relies on the ability to direct MSCs toward specific cell phenotypes. Despite identification of applied forces that affect self-maintenance, proliferation, and differentiation of MSCs, mechanisms underlying the integration of mechanically induced signaling cascades and interpretation of mechanical signals by MSCs remain elusive. During the past decade, many researchers have demonstrated that external applied forces can activate osteogenic signaling pathways in MSCs, including Wnt, Ror2, and Runx2. Besides, recent advances have highlighted the critical role of internal forces due to cell-matrix interaction in MSC function. These internal forces can be achieved by the materials that cells reside in through its mechanical properties, such as rigidity, topography, degradability, and substrate patterning. MSCs can generate contractile forces to sense these mechanical properties and thereby perceive mechanical information that directs broad aspects of MSC functions, including lineage commitment. Although many signaling pathways have been elucidated in material-induced lineage specification of MSCs, discovering the mechanisms by which MSCs respond to such cell-generated forces is still challenging because of the highly intricate signaling milieu present in MSC environment. However, bioengineers are bridging this gap by developing platforms to control mechanical cues with improved throughput and precision, thereby enabling further investigation of mechanically induced MSC functions. In this review, we discuss the most recent advances that how applied forces and cell-generated forces may be engineered to determine MSC fate, and overview a subset of the operative signal transduction mechanisms and experimental platforms that have emerged in MSC mechanobiology research. Our main goal is to provide an up-to-date view of MSC mechanobiology that is relevant to both mechanical loading and mechanical properties of the environment, and introduce these emerging platforms for tissue engineering use.
Collapse
|
169
|
Jansen KA, Donato DM, Balcioglu HE, Schmidt T, Danen EHJ, Koenderink GH. A guide to mechanobiology: Where biology and physics meet. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1853:3043-52. [PMID: 25997671 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cells actively sense and process mechanical information that is provided by the extracellular environment to make decisions about growth, motility and differentiation. It is important to understand the underlying mechanisms given that deregulation of the mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is implicated in various diseases, such as cancer and fibrosis. Moreover, matrix mechanics can be exploited to program stem cell differentiation for organ-on-chip and regenerative medicine applications. Mechanobiology is an emerging multidisciplinary field that encompasses cell and developmental biology, bioengineering and biophysics. Here we provide an introductory overview of the key players important to cellular mechanobiology, taking a biophysical perspective and focusing on a comparison between flat versus three dimensional substrates. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Mechanobiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karin A Jansen
- Systems Biophysics Department, FOM Institute AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dominique M Donato
- Physics of Life Processes, Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 2, 2333 CA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hayri E Balcioglu
- Faculty of Science, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Toxicology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Schmidt
- Physics of Life Processes, Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 2, 2333 CA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Erik H J Danen
- Faculty of Science, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Toxicology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gijsje H Koenderink
- Systems Biophysics Department, FOM Institute AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
170
|
Lv H, Li L, Zhang Y, Chen Z, Sun M, Xu T, Tian L, Lu M, Ren M, Liu Y, Li Y. Union is strength: matrix elasticity and microenvironmental factors codetermine stem cell differentiation fate. Cell Tissue Res 2015; 361:657-68. [PMID: 25956590 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-015-2190-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells are an attractive cellular source for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering applications due to their multipotency. Although the elasticity of the extracellular matrix (ECM) has been shown to have crucial impacts in directing stem cell differentiation, it is not the only contributing factor. Many researchers have recently attempted to design microenvironments that mimic the stem cell niche with combinations of ECM elasticity and other cues, such as ECM physical properties, soluble biochemical factors and cell-cell interactions, thereby driving cells towards their preferred lineages. Here, we briefly discuss the effect of matrix elasticity on stem cell lineage specification and then summarize recent advances in the study of the combined effects of ECM elasticity and other cues on the differentiation of stem cells, focusing on two aspects: biophysical and biochemical factors. In the future, biomedical scientists will continue investigating the union strength of matrix elasticity and microenvironmental cues for manipulating stem cell fates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Lv
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
171
|
Nagamine K, Hirata T, Okamoto K, Abe Y, Kaji H, Nishizawa M. Portable Micropatterns of Neuronal Cells Supported by Thin Hydrogel Films. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2015; 1:329-334. [PMID: 33429573 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.5b00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A grid micropattern of neuronal cells was formed on a free-standing collagen film (35 μm thickness) by directing migration and extension of neurons along a Matrigel pattern previously prepared on the film by the microcontact printing method. The neurons migrated to reach the nodes on the grid pattern and extended neurites to bridge cell bodies at the nodes. The resulting neuronal micropattern on the collagen film containing culture medium can be handled and deformed with tweezers with maintenance of physiological activity of the neurons, as examined by response of cytosolic Ca2+ concentration to a dose of bradykinin. This portability is the unique advantage of the present system that will open novel possibility of cellular engineering including the on-demand combination with analytical devices. The repetitive lamination of the film on a microelectrode chip was demonstrated for local electrical stimulation of a specific part of the grid micropattern of neurons, showing Ca2+ wave propagation along the neurites. The molecular permeability is the further advantage of the free-standing hydrogel substrate, which allows external supply of nutrients and dosing with chemical stimulants through the film even under rolled and laminated conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuniaki Nagamine
- Department of Bioengineering and Robotics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-01 Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Takuya Hirata
- Department of Bioengineering and Robotics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-01 Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Kohei Okamoto
- Department of Bioengineering and Robotics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-01 Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yuina Abe
- Department of Bioengineering and Robotics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-01 Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kaji
- Department of Bioengineering and Robotics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-01 Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Matsuhiko Nishizawa
- Department of Bioengineering and Robotics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-01 Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
172
|
Kim T, Sridharan I, Zhu B, Orgel J, Wang R. Effect of CNT on collagen fiber structure, stiffness assembly kinetics and stem cell differentiation. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 49:281-289. [PMID: 25686951 PMCID: PMC7225775 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Collagen is a native one-dimensional nanomaterial. Carbon nanotube (CNT) was found to interface with biological materials and show promising applications in creating reinforced scaffolds for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. In this study, we examined the unique role of CNT in collagen fiber structure, mechanical strength and assembly kinetics. The results imply that CNT interacts with collagen at the molecular level. It relaxes the helical coil of collagen fibrils and has the effect of flattening the fibers leading to the elongation of D-period, the characteristic banding feature of collagen fibers. The surface charge of oxidized CNT leads to enhanced local ionic strength during collagen fibrillogenesis, accounting for the slower kinetics of collagen-CNT (COL-CNT) fiber assembly and the formation of thicker fibers. Due to the rigidity of CNT, the addition of CNT increases the fiber stiffness significantly. When applied as a matrix for human decidua parietalis placental stem cells (hdpPSCs) differentiation, COL-CNT was found to support fast and efficient neural differentiation ascribed to the elongated D-period. These results highlight the superiority of CNT to modulate collagen fiber assembly at the molecular level. The study also exemplifies the use of CNT to enhance the functionality of collagen for biological and biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taeyoung Kim
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101S. Dearborn St., Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - Indumathi Sridharan
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101S. Dearborn St., Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - Bofan Zhu
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101S. Dearborn St., Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - Joseph Orgel
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101S. Dearborn St., Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101S. Dearborn St., Chicago, IL 60616, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
173
|
Lee J, Abdeen AA, Kim AS, Kilian KA. Influence of Biophysical Parameters on Maintaining the Mesenchymal Stem Cell Phenotype. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2015; 1:218-226. [DOI: 10.1021/ab500003s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junmin Lee
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Amr A. Abdeen
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Alex S. Kim
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Kristopher A. Kilian
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| |
Collapse
|
174
|
Williams C, Budina E, Stoppel WL, Sullivan KE, Emani S, Emani SM, Black LD. Cardiac extracellular matrix-fibrin hybrid scaffolds with tunable properties for cardiovascular tissue engineering. Acta Biomater 2015; 14:84-95. [PMID: 25463503 PMCID: PMC4308538 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2014] [Revised: 11/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Solubilized cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM) is being developed as an injectable therapeutic that offers promise for promoting cardiac repair. However, the ECM alone forms a hydrogel that is very soft compared to the native myocardium. As both the stiffness and composition of the ECM are important in regulating cell behavior and can have complex synergistic effects, we sought to develop an ECM-based scaffold with tunable biochemical and mechanical properties. We used solubilized rat cardiac ECM from two developmental stages (neonatal, adult) combined with fibrin hydrogels that were cross-linked with transglutaminase. We show that ECM was retained within the gels and that the Young's modulus could be tuned to span the range of the developing and mature heart. C-kit+ cardiovascular progenitor cells from pediatric patients with congenital heart defects were seeded into the hybrid gels. Both the elastic modulus and composition of the scaffolds impacted the expression of endothelial and smooth muscle cell genes. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the hybrid gels are injectable, and thus have potential for minimally invasive therapies. ECM-fibrin hybrid scaffolds offer new opportunities for exploiting the effects of both composition and mechanical properties in directing cell behavior for tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Corin Williams
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Erica Budina
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Whitney L Stoppel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Kelly E Sullivan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Sirisha Emani
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sitaram M Emani
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lauren D Black
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA 02155, USA; Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Biology Program, Sackler School for Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, 145 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
175
|
Huang C, Dai J, Zhang XA. Environmental physical cues determine the lineage specification of mesenchymal stem cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2015; 1850:1261-6. [PMID: 25727396 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical cues of cellular environment affect cell fate and differentiation. For example, an environment with high stiffness drives mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to undergo osteogenic differentiation, while low stiffness leads to lipogenic differentiation. Such effects could be independent of chemical/biochemical inducers. SCOPE OF REVIEW Stiffness and/or topography of cellular environment can control MSC differentiation and fate determination. In addition, physical factors such as tension, which resulted from profound cytoskeleton reorganization during MSC differentiation, affect the gene expression essential for the differentiation. Although physical cues control MSC lineage specification probably by reorganizing and tuning cytoskeleton, the full mechanism is largely unclear. It also remains elusive how physical signals are sensed by cells and transformed into biochemical and biological signals. More importantly, it becomes pivotal to define explicitly the physical cue(s) essential for cell differentiation and fate decision. With a focus on MSC, we present herein current understanding of the interplay between i) physical cue and factors and ii) MSC differentiation and fate determination. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Biophysical cues can initiate or strengthen the biochemical signaling for MSC fate determination and differentiation. Physical properties of cellular environment direct the structural adaptation and functional coupling of the cells to their environment. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE These observations not only open a simple avenue to engineer cell fate in vitro, but also start to reveal the physical elements that regulate and determine cell fate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Huang
- Stephenson Cancer Center and Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Jingxing Dai
- Stephenson Cancer Center and Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Anatomy, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin A Zhang
- Stephenson Cancer Center and Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
176
|
On human pluripotent stem cell control: The rise of 3D bioengineering and mechanobiology. Biomaterials 2015; 52:26-43. [PMID: 25818411 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.01.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) provide promising resources for regenerating tissues and organs and modeling development and diseases in vitro. To fulfill their promise, the fate, function, and organization of hPSCs need to be precisely regulated in a three-dimensional (3D) environment to mimic cellular structures and functions of native tissues and organs. In the past decade, innovations in 3D culture systems with functional biomaterials have enabled efficient and versatile control of hPSC fate at the cellular level. However, we are just at the beginning of bringing hPSC-based regeneration and development and disease modeling to the tissue and organ levels. In this review, we summarize existing bioengineered culture platforms for controlling hPSC fate and function by regulating inductive mechanical and biochemical cues coexisting in the synthetic cell microenvironment. We highlight recent excitements in developing 3D hPSC-based in vitro tissue and organ models with in vivo-like cellular structures, interactions, and functions. We further discuss an emerging multifaceted mechanotransductive signaling network--with transcriptional coactivators YAP and TAZ at the center stage--that regulate fates and behaviors of mammalian cells, including hPSCs. Future development of 3D biomaterial systems should incorporate dynamically modulated mechanical and chemical properties targeting specific intracellular signaling events leading to desirable hPSC fate patterning and functional tissue formation in 3D.
Collapse
|
177
|
Taylor DW, Ahmed N, Parreno J, Lunstrum GP, Gross AE, Diamandis EP, Kandel RA. Collagen Type XII and Versican Are Present in the Early Stages of Cartilage Tissue Formation by Both Redifferentating Passaged and Primary Chondrocytes. Tissue Eng Part A 2015; 21:683-93. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2014.0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Drew W. Taylor
- BioEngineering of Skeletal Tissues Team, CIHR, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nazish Ahmed
- BioEngineering of Skeletal Tissues Team, CIHR, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Justin Parreno
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Allan E. Gross
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eleftherios P. Diamandis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rita A. Kandel
- BioEngineering of Skeletal Tissues Team, CIHR, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
178
|
Xu Q, Li C, Kang Y, Zhang Y. Long term effects of substrate stiffness on the development of hMSC mechanical properties. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra17233k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Micropipette aspiration of hMSCs cultured on different PDMS substrates showed that cells aligned their mechanical properties with the substrate stiffness and cell moduli always displayed a non-monotonic trend along culture time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinwei Xu
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
| | - Cheng Li
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School
| | - Yuejun Kang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
| | - Yilei Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
- Complexity Institute
- Nanyang Technological University
| |
Collapse
|
179
|
|
180
|
Xu X, Wang W, Kratz K, Fang L, Li Z, Kurtz A, Ma N, Lendlein A. Controlling major cellular processes of human mesenchymal stem cells using microwell structures. Adv Healthc Mater 2014; 3:1991-2003. [PMID: 25313500 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201400415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Directing stem cells towards a desired location and function by utilizing the structural cues of biomaterials is a promising approach for inducing effective tissue regeneration. Here, the cellular response of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADSCs) to structural signals from microstructured substrates comprising arrays of square-shaped or round-shaped microwells is explored as a transitional model between 2D and 3D systems. Microwells with a side length/diameter of 50 μm show advantages over 10 μm and 25 μm microwells for accommodating hADSCs within single microwells rather than in the inter-microwell area. The cell morphologies are three-dimensionally modulated by the microwell structure due to differences in focal adhesion and consequent alterations of the cytoskeleton. In contrast to the substrate with 50 μm round-shaped microwells, the substrate with 50 μm square-shaped microwells promotes the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation potential of hADSCs but reduces the cell migration velocity and distance. Such microwell shape-dependent modulatory effects are highly associated with Rho/ROCK signaling. Following ROCK inhibition, the differences in migration, proliferation, and osteogenesis between cells on different substrates are diminished. These results highlight the possibility to control stem cell functions through the use of structured microwells combined with the manipulation of Rho/ROCK signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xun Xu
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies; Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht; Kantstraße 55 14513 Teltow Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Freie Universität Berlin; Takustraße 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies; Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht; Kantstraße 55 14513 Teltow Germany
| | - Karl Kratz
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies; Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht; Kantstraße 55 14513 Teltow Germany
- Helmholtz Virtual Institute −Multifunctional Materials in Medicine; Berlin and Teltow; Kantstraße 55 14513 Teltow Germany
| | - Liang Fang
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies; Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht; Kantstraße 55 14513 Teltow Germany
| | - Zhengdong Li
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies; Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht; Kantstraße 55 14513 Teltow Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Freie Universität Berlin; Takustraße 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Andreas Kurtz
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies; Charité - University Medicine Berlin; Augustenburger Platz 1 13353 Berlin Germany
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science; Seoul National University; Gwangk-ro 1 Gwanak-gu Seoul 151-747 Republic of Korea
| | - Nan Ma
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies; Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht; Kantstraße 55 14513 Teltow Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Freie Universität Berlin; Takustraße 3 14195 Berlin Germany
- Helmholtz Virtual Institute −Multifunctional Materials in Medicine; Berlin and Teltow; Kantstraße 55 14513 Teltow Germany
| | - Andreas Lendlein
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies; Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht; Kantstraße 55 14513 Teltow Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Freie Universität Berlin; Takustraße 3 14195 Berlin Germany
- Helmholtz Virtual Institute −Multifunctional Materials in Medicine; Berlin and Teltow; Kantstraße 55 14513 Teltow Germany
| |
Collapse
|
181
|
Zhu B, Li W, Lewis RV, Segre CU, Wang R. E-spun composite fibers of collagen and dragline silk protein: fiber mechanics, biocompatibility, and application in stem cell differentiation. Biomacromolecules 2014; 16:202-13. [PMID: 25405355 PMCID: PMC4294589 DOI: 10.1021/bm501403f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Biocomposite
matrices with high mechanical strength, high stability,
and the ability to direct matrix-specific stem cell differentiation
are essential for the reconstruction of lesioned tissues in tissue
engineering and cell therapeutics. Toward this end, we used the electrospinning
technique to fabricate well-aligned composite fibers from collagen
and spider dragline silk protein, obtained from the milk of transgenic
goats, mimicking the native extracellular matrix (ECM) on a similar
scale. Collagen and the dragline silk proteins were found to mix homogeneously
at all ratios in the electrospun (E-spun) fibers. As a result, the
ultimate tensile strength and elasticity of the fibers increased monotonically
with silk percentage, whereas the stretchability was slightly reduced.
Strikingly, we found that the incorporation of silk proteins to collagen
dramatically increased the matrix stability against excessive fiber
swelling and shape deformation in cell culture medium. When human
decidua parietalis placental stem cells (hdpPSCs) were seeded on the
collagen–silk matrices, the matrices were found to support
cell proliferation at a similar rate as that of the pure collagen
matrix, but they provided cell adhesion with reduced strengths and
induced cell polarization at varied levels. Matrices containing 15
and 30 wt % silk in collagen (CS15, CS30) were found to induce a level
of neural differentiation comparable to that of pure collagen. In
particular, CS15 matrix induced the highest extent of cell polarization
and promoted the development of extended 1D neural filaments strictly
in-line with the aligned fibers. Taking the increased mechanical strength
and fiber stability into consideration, CS15 and CS30 E-spun fibers
offer better alternatives to pure collagen fibers as scaffolds that
can be potentially utilized in neural tissue repair and the development
of future nanobiodevices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bofan Zhu
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, ‡Department of Physics, Illinois Institute of Technology , Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
182
|
Lam J, Lowry WE, Carmichael ST, Segura T. Delivery of iPS-NPCs to the Stroke Cavity within a Hyaluronic Acid Matrix Promotes the Differentiation of Transplanted Cells. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2014; 24:7053-7062. [PMID: 26213530 PMCID: PMC4512237 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201401483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is the leading cause of adult disability with ~80% being ischemic. Stem cell transplantation has been shown to improve functional recovery. However, the overall survival and differentiation of these cells is still low. The infarct cavity is an ideal location for transplantation as it is directly adjacent to the highly plastic peri-infarct region. Direct transplantation of cells near the infarct cavity has resulted in low cell viability. Here we deliver neural progenitor cells derived from induce pluripotent stem cells (iPS-NPC) to the infarct cavity of stroked mice encapsulated in a hyaluronic acid hydrogel matrix to protect the cells. To improve the overall viability of transplanted cells, each step of the transplantation process was optimized. Hydrogel mechanics and cell injection parameters were investigated to determine their effects on the inflammatory response of the brain and cell viability, respectively. Using parameters that balanced the desire to keep surgery invasiveness minimal and cell viability high, iPS-NPCs were transplanted to the stroke cavity of mice encapsulated in buffer or the hydrogel. While the hydrogel did not promote stem cell survival one week post-transplantation, it did promote differentiation of the neural progenitor cells to neuroblasts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Lam
- University of California, Los Angeles, Biomedical Engineering
Department
| | - William E. Lowry
- University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Molecular, Cell
and Developmental Biology
- University of California, Los Angeles, Eli and Edythe Broad Center
for Regenerative Medicine
| | - S. Thomas Carmichael
- University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Neurology
- University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of
Medicine
| | - Tatiana Segura
- University of California, Los Angeles, Biomedical Engineering
Department
- University of California, Los Angeles, Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering Department
- Corresponding Author: Tatiana Segura, Department of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, 5531 Boelter
Hall, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1592,
, Fax: (310) 206-4107
| |
Collapse
|
183
|
Chien HW, Fu SW, Shih AY, Tsai WB. Modulation of the stemness and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells by controlling RGD concentrations of poly(carboxybetaine) hydrogel. Biotechnol J 2014; 9:1613-23. [PMID: 25303097 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201300433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 08/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In vitro modulation of the differentiation status of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is important for their application to regenerative medicine. We suggested that the morphology and differentiation states of MSCs could be modulated by controlling the cell affinity of a substrate. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of surface bio-adhesive signals on self-renewal and osteogenic differentiation of MSCs using a low-fouling platform. Cell-resistant poly(carboxybetaine) hydrogel was conjugated with 5 μM or 5 mM of cell-adhesive arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) peptides in order to control the cells' affinity to the substrate. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were cultured on the RGD-modified poly(carboxybetaine) hydrogel and then the cells' states of stemness and osteogenic differentiation were evaluated using reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. The hMSCs formed three-dimensional spheroids on the 5 μM RGD substrate, while cells on the 5 mM RGD substrate exhibited spreading morphology. Furthermore, cells on the 5 μM RGD hydrogel maintained a better stemness phenotype, while the hMSCs on the 5 mM RGD hydrogel proliferated faster and underwent osteogenic differentiation. In conclusion, the stemness of hMSCs was best maintained on a low RGD surface, while osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs was enhanced on a high RGD surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Wen Chien
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
184
|
Duarte Campos DF, Blaeser A, Korsten A, Neuss S, Jäkel J, Vogt M, Fischer H. The stiffness and structure of three-dimensional printed hydrogels direct the differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells toward adipogenic and osteogenic lineages. Tissue Eng Part A 2014; 21:740-56. [PMID: 25236338 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2014.0231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanical and physicochemical effects of three-dimensional (3D) printable hydrogels on cell behavior are paramount features to consider before manufacturing functional tissues. We hypothesize that besides good printability and cytocompatibility of a supporting hydrogel for the manufacture of individual tissues, it is equally essential to consider beforehand the desired tissue (bone, cartilage, fat). In light of its application, the structure and stiffness of printable hydrogel matrices influence cell geometry, which in turn impacts the differentiation fate. Embedded human mesenchymal stromal cells in printable type I collagen- and chitosan-agarose blends were induced to differentiate toward osteoblasts and adipocytes. Hydrogels' printability in air versus submerged printing in perfluorocarbon was evaluated according to the height, diameter, uniformity, and stability of 3D printed vertical cylinders. Bipotent differentiation within hydrogels was assessed histologically (morphology, cellularity), by immunohistochemistry (vimentin, smooth muscle actin), two-photon microscopy (spatial distribution), and real-time polymerase chain reaction (ALP, BGLAP, OPN, RUNX2, COL 1, aP2, PPARγ-2). Agarose and agarose blends revealed the most valid printability properties by generating uniform cylinders with an average height of 4 mm. Osteogenic differentiation was preferably achieved in anisotropic soft collagen-rich substrates, whereas adipogenic differentiation mostly occurred in isotropic stiff agarose-rich matrices. The conjugation of type I collagen to agarose with varying ratios is possibly a suitable bioink for a broad range of 3D printed mesenchymal tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela F Duarte Campos
- 1 Department of Dental Materials and Biomaterials Research, RWTH Aachen University Hospital , Aachen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
185
|
Occhetta P, Visone R, Russo L, Cipolla L, Moretti M, Rasponi M. VA-086 methacrylate gelatine photopolymerizable hydrogels: A parametric study for highly biocompatible 3D cell embedding. J Biomed Mater Res A 2014; 103:2109-17. [PMID: 25294368 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The ability to replicate in vitro the native extracellular matrix (ECM) features and to control the three-dimensional (3D) cell organization plays a fundamental role in obtaining functional engineered bioconstructs. In tissue engineering (TE) applications, hydrogels have been successfully implied as biomatrices for 3D cell embedding, exhibiting high similarities to the natural ECM and holding easily tunable mechanical properties. In the present study, we characterized a promising photocrosslinking process to generate cell-laden methacrylate gelatin (GelMA) hydrogels in the presence of VA-086 photoinitiator using a ultraviolet LED source. We investigated the influence of prepolymer concentration and light irradiance on mechanical and biomimetic properties of resulting hydrogels. In details, the increasing of gelatin concentration resulted in enhanced rheological properties and shorter polymerization time. We then defined and validated a reliable photopolymerization protocol for cell embedding (1.5% VA-086, LED 2 mW/cm2) within GelMA hydrogels, which demonstrated to support bone marrow stromal cells viability when cultured up to 7 days. Moreover, we showed how different mechanical properties, derived from different crosslinking parameters, strongly influence cell behavior. In conclusion, this protocol can be considered a versatile tool to obtain biocompatible cell-laden hydrogels with properties easily adaptable for different TE applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Occhetta
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
186
|
Wang H, Cai L, Paul A, Enejder A, Heilshorn SC. Hybrid elastin-like polypeptide-polyethylene glycol (ELP-PEG) hydrogels with improved transparency and independent control of matrix mechanics and cell ligand density. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:3421-8. [PMID: 25111283 PMCID: PMC4157761 DOI: 10.1021/bm500969d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels have been developed as extracellular matrix (ECM) mimics both for therapeutic applications and basic biological studies. In particular, elastin-like polypeptide (ELP) hydrogels, which can be tuned to mimic several biochemical and physical characteristics of native ECM, have been constructed to encapsulate various types of cells to create in vitro mimics of in vivo tissues. However, ELP hydrogels become opaque at body temperature because of ELP's lower critical solution temperature behavior. This opacity obstructs light-based observation of the morphology and behavior of encapsulated cells. In order to improve the transparency of ELP hydrogels for better imaging, we have designed a hybrid ELP-polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogel system that rapidly cross-links with tris(hydroxymethyl) phosphine (THP) in aqueous solution via Mannich-type condensation. As expected, addition of the hydrophilic PEG component significantly improves the light transmittance. Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy reveals that the hybrid ELP-PEG hydrogels have smaller hydrophobic ELP aggregates at 37 °C. Importantly, this hydrogel platform enables independent tuning of adhesion ligand density and matrix stiffness, which is desirable for studies of cell-matrix interactions. Human fibroblasts encapsulated in these hydrogels show high viability (>98%) after 7 days of culture. High-resolution confocal microscopy of encapsulated fibroblasts reveals that the cells adopt a more spread morphology in response to higher RGD ligand concentrations and softer gel mechanics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huiyuan Wang
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Lei Cai
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Alexandra Paul
- Chalmers
University of Technology, Gothenburg SE-412 96, Sweden
| | - Annika Enejder
- Chalmers
University of Technology, Gothenburg SE-412 96, Sweden
| | - Sarah C. Heilshorn
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| |
Collapse
|
187
|
Yallapu MM, Katti KS, Katti DR, Mishra SR, Khan S, Jaggi M, Chauhan SC. The roles of cellular nanomechanics in cancer. Med Res Rev 2014; 35:198-223. [PMID: 25137233 DOI: 10.1002/med.21329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The biomechanical properties of cells and tissues may be instrumental in increasing our understanding of cellular behavior and cellular manifestations of diseases such as cancer. Nanomechanical properties can offer clinical translation of therapies beyond what are currently employed. Nanomechanical properties, often measured by nanoindentation methods using atomic force microscopy, may identify morphological variations, cellular binding forces, and surface adhesion behaviors that efficiently differentiate normal cells and cancer cells. The aim of this review is to examine current research involving the general use of atomic force microscopy/nanoindentation in measuring cellular nanomechanics; various factors and instrumental conditions that influence the nanomechanical properties of cells; and implementation of nanoindentation methods to distinguish cancer cells from normal cells or tissues. Applying these fundamental nanomechanical properties to current discoveries in clinical treatment may result in greater efficiency in diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of cancer, which ultimately can change the lives of patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Murali M Yallapu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, 38163
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
188
|
Bischel LL, Sung KE, Jiménez-Torres JA, Mader B, Keely PJ, Beebe DJ. The importance of being a lumen. FASEB J 2014; 28:4583-90. [PMID: 25077562 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-243733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Advances in tissue engineering and microtechnology have enabled researchers to more easily generate in vitro tissue models that mimic the tissue geometry and spatial organization found in vivo (e.g., vessel or mammary duct models with tubular structures). However, the widespread adoption of these models for biological studies has been slow, in part due to the lack of direct comparisons between existing 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional cell culture models and new organotypic models that better replicate tissue structure. Using previously developed vessel and mammary duct models with 3-dimensional lumen structures, we have begun to explore this question. In a direct comparison between these next generation organotypic models and more traditional methods, we observed differences in the levels of several secreted growth factors and cytokines. In addition, endothelial vessel geometry profoundly affects the phenotypic behavior of carcinoma cells, suggesting that more traditional in vitro assays may not capture in vivo events. Here, we seek to review and add to the increasing evidence supporting the hypothesis that using cell culture models with more relevant tissue structure influences cell fate and behavior, potentially increasing the relevance of biological findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren L Bischel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wisconsin Institute for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kyung E Sung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wisconsin Institute for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - José A Jiménez-Torres
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wisconsin Institute for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Brianah Mader
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wisconsin Institute for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Patricia J Keely
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wisconsin Institute for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - David J Beebe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wisconsin Institute for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| |
Collapse
|
189
|
Han Y, Bai T, Liu W. Controlled heterogeneous stem cell differentiation on a shape memory hydrogel surface. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5815. [PMID: 25068211 PMCID: PMC5376171 DOI: 10.1038/srep05815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The success of stem cell therapies is highly dependent on the ability to control their programmed differentiation. So far, it is commonly believed that the differentiation behavior of stem cells is supposed to be identical when they are cultured on the same homogeneous platform. However, in this report, we show that this is not always true. By utilizing a double-ion-triggered shape memory effect, the pre-seeded hMSCs were controllably located in different growth positions. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that the differentiation behavior of hMSCs is highly sensitive to their growth position on a hydrogel scaffold. This work will not only enrich the mechanisms for controlling the differentiation of stem cells, but also offer a one-of-a-kind platform to achieve a heterogeneously differentiated stem cell-seeded hydrogel scaffold for complex biological applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanjiao Han
- 1] Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering(Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, P. R. China [2]
| | - Tao Bai
- 1] Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering(Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, P. R. China [2]
| | - Wenguang Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering(Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
190
|
Moraes C, Kim BC, Zhu X, Mills KL, Dixon AR, Thouless, Takayama S. Defined topologically-complex protein matrices to manipulate cell shape via three-dimensional fiber-like patterns. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:2191-201. [PMID: 24632936 PMCID: PMC4041804 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc00122b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Culturing cells in three-dimensional (3D) environments has been shown to significantly influence cell function, and may provide a more physiologically relevant environment within which to study the behavior of specific cell types. 3D tissues typically present a topologically complex fibrous adhesive environment, which is technically challenging to replicate in a controlled manner. Micropatterning technologies have provided significant insights into cell-biomaterial interactions, and can be used to create fiber-like adhesive structures, but are typically limited to flat culture systems; the methods are difficult to apply to topologically-complex surfaces. In this work, we utilize crack formation in multilayered microfabricated materials under applied strain to rapidly generate well-controlled and topologically complex 'fiber-like' adhesive protein patterns, capable of supporting cell culture and controlling cell shape on three-dimensional patterns. We first demonstrate that the features of the generated adhesive environments such as width, spacing and topology can be controlled, and that these factors influence cell morphology. The patterning technique is then applied to examine the influence of fiber structure on the nuclear morphology and actin cytoskeletal structure of cells cultured in a nanofibrous biomaterial matrix.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Moraes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Byoung Choul Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering Center, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, 2300 Hayward St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Xiaoyue Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kristen L. Mills
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, 2350 Hayward St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Angela R. Dixon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Thouless
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, 2350 Hayward St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, 2300 Hayward St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Shuichi Takayama
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering Center, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, 2300 Hayward St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, 2300 Hayward St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| |
Collapse
|
191
|
Atluri P, Miller JS, Emery RJ, Hung G, Trubelja A, Cohen JE, Lloyd K, Han J, Gaffey AC, MacArthur JW, Chen CS, Woo YJ. Tissue-engineered, hydrogel-based endothelial progenitor cell therapy robustly revascularizes ischemic myocardium and preserves ventricular function. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2014; 148:1090-7; discussion 1097-8. [PMID: 25129603 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2014.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cell-based angiogenic therapy for ischemic heart failure has had limited clinical impact, likely related to low cell retention (<1%) and dispersion. We developed a novel, tissue-engineered, hydrogel-based cell-delivery strategy to overcome these limitations and provide prolonged regional retention of myocardial endothelial progenitor cells at high cell dosage. METHODS Endothelial progenitor cells were isolated from Wistar rats and encapsulated in fibrin gels. In vitro viability was quantified using a fluorescent live-dead stain of transgenic enhanced green fluorescent protein(+) endothelial progenitor cells. Endothelial progenitor cell-laden constructs were implanted onto ischemic rat myocardium in a model of acute myocardial infarction (left anterior descending ligation) for 4 weeks. Intramyocardial cell injection (2 × 10(6) endothelial progenitor cells), empty fibrin, and isolated left anterior descending ligation groups served as controls. Hemodynamics were quantified using echocardiography, Doppler flow analysis, and intraventricular pressure-volume analysis. Vasculogenesis and ventricular geometry were quantified. Endothelial progenitor cell migration was analyzed by using endothelial progenitor cells from transgenic enhanced green fluorescent protein(+) rodents. RESULTS Endothelial progenitor cells demonstrated an overall 88.7% viability for all matrix and cell conditions investigated after 48 hours. Histologic assessment of 1-week implants demonstrated significant migration of transgenic enhanced green fluorescent protein(+) endothelial progenitor cells from the fibrin matrix to the infarcted myocardium compared with intramyocardial cell injection (28 ± 12.3 cells/high power field vs 2.4 ± 2.1 cells/high power field, P = .0001). We also observed a marked increase in vasculogenesis at the implant site. Significant improvements in ventricular hemodynamics and geometry were present after endothelial progenitor cell-hydrogel therapy compared with control. CONCLUSIONS We present a tissue-engineered, hydrogel-based endothelial progenitor cell-mediated therapy to enhance cell delivery, cell retention, vasculogenesis, and preservation of myocardial structure and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavan Atluri
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | | | - Robert J Emery
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - George Hung
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Alen Trubelja
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Jeffrey E Cohen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Kelsey Lloyd
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Jason Han
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Ann C Gaffey
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - John W MacArthur
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | | | - Y Joseph Woo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif.
| |
Collapse
|
192
|
Lee J, Abdeen AA, Kilian KA. Rewiring mesenchymal stem cell lineage specification by switching the biophysical microenvironment. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5188. [PMID: 24898422 PMCID: PMC4046125 DOI: 10.1038/srep05188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The propensity of stem cells to specify and commit to a particular lineage program is guided by dynamic biophysical and biochemical signals that are temporally regulated. However, most in vitro studies rely on "snapshots" of cell state under static conditions. Here we asked whether changing the biophysical aspects of the substrate could modulate the degree of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) lineage specification. We chose to explore two diverse differentiation outcomes: MSC osteogenesis and trans-differentiation to neuron-like cells. MSCs were cultured on soft (~0.5 kPa) or stiff (~40 kPa) hydrogels followed by transfer to gels of the opposite stiffness. MSCs on soft gels express elevated neurogenesis markers while MSCs on stiff substrates express elevated osteogenesis markers. Transfer of MSCs from soft to stiff or stiff to soft substrates led to a switch in lineage specification. However, MSCs transferred from stiff to soft substrates maintained elevated osteogenesis markers, suggesting a degree of irreversible activation. Transferring MSCs to micropatterned substrates reveal geometric cues that further modulate lineage reversal. Taken together, this study demonstrates that MSCs remain susceptible to the biophysical properties of the extracellular matrix--even after several weeks of culture--and can redirect lineage specification in response to changes in the microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junmin Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801
| | - Amr A. Abdeen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801
| | - Kristopher A. Kilian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801
| |
Collapse
|
193
|
Murphy WL, McDevitt TC, Engler AJ. Materials as stem cell regulators. NATURE MATERIALS 2014; 13:547-57. [PMID: 24845994 PMCID: PMC4163547 DOI: 10.1038/nmat3937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 649] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The stem cell/material interface is a complex, dynamic microenvironment in which the cell and the material cooperatively dictate one another's fate: the cell by remodelling its surroundings, and the material through its inherent properties (such as adhesivity, stiffness, nanostructure or degradability). Stem cells in contact with materials are able to sense their properties, integrate cues via signal propagation and ultimately translate parallel signalling information into cell fate decisions. However, discovering the mechanisms by which stem cells respond to inherent material characteristics is challenging because of the highly complex, multicomponent signalling milieu present in the stem cell environment. In this Review, we discuss recent evidence that shows that inherent material properties may be engineered to dictate stem cell fate decisions, and overview a subset of the operative signal transduction mechanisms that have begun to emerge. Further developments in stem cell engineering and mechanotransduction are poised to have substantial implications for stem cell biology and regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William L. Murphy
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Todd C. McDevitt
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
- The Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Adam J. Engler
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| |
Collapse
|
194
|
Abdeen AA, Weiss JB, Lee J, Kilian KA. Matrix composition and mechanics direct proangiogenic signaling from mesenchymal stem cells. Tissue Eng Part A 2014; 20:2737-45. [PMID: 24701989 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2013.0661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The secretion of trophic factors that promote angiogenesis from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is a promising cell-based therapeutic treatment. However, clinical efficacy has proved variable, likely on account of ill-defined cell delivery formulations and the inherent complexity of cellular secretion. Here we show how controlling the mechanical properties and protein composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) surrounding MSCs can guide proangiogenic signaling. Conditioned media from MSCs adherent to polyacrylamide hydrogel functionalized with fibronectin, collagen I, or laminin was applied to 3D matrigel cultures containing human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVECs). The degree of tubulogenesis in HMVECs is shown to depend on both the substrate rigidity and matrix protein composition. MSCs cultured on fibronectin-modified hydrogels show a stiffness dependence in proangiogenic signaling with maximum influence on tubulogenesis observed from 40 kPa conditioned media, twofold higher than commercially available cocktails of growth factors. Quantitative real-time-polymerase chain reaction reveals stiffness-dependent expression of multiple factors involved in angiogenesis that corroborate the functional tubulogenesis assay. Restricting cell spreading with micropatterned surfaces attenuates the conditioned media effects; however, small-molecule inhibitors of actomyosin contractility do not significantly reduce the functional outcome. This work demonstrates how controlling matrix rigidity and protein composition can influence the secretory profile of MSCs. Model systems that deconstruct the physical and biochemical cues involved in MSC secretion may assist in the design of hydrogel biomaterials for cell-based therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amr A Abdeen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
195
|
Mechanical properties of murine and porcine ocular tissues in compression. Exp Eye Res 2014; 121:194-9. [PMID: 24613781 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2014.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Sub-retinal implantation of foreign materials is becoming an increasingly common feature of novel therapies for retinal dysfunction. The ultimate compatibility of implants depends not only on their in vitro chemical compatibility, but also on how well the mechanical properties of the material match those of the native tissue. In order to optimize the mechanical properties of retinal implants, the mechanical properties of the mammalian retina itself must be carefully characterized. In this study, the compressive moduli of eye tissues, especially the retina, were probed using a dynamic mechanical analysis instrument in static mode. The retinal compressive modulus was lower than that of the sclera or cornea, but higher than that of the RPE and choroid. Compressive modulus remained relatively stable with age. Conversely, apparent retinal softening occurred at an early age in mice with inherited retinal degeneration. Compressive modulus is an important consideration for the design of retinal implants. Polymer scaffolds with moduli that are substantially different than that of the native tissue in which they will ultimately reside will be less likely to aid in the differentiation and development of the appropriate cell types in vitro and will have reduced biocompatibility in vivo.
Collapse
|
196
|
Lee J, Abdeen AA, Huang TH, Kilian KA. Controlling cell geometry on substrates of variable stiffness can tune the degree of osteogenesis in human mesenchymal stem cells. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2014; 38:209-18. [PMID: 24556045 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2014.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The physical properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM) play an important role in regulating tissue-specific human mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation. Protein-coated hydrogels with tunable stiffness have been shown to influence lineage specific gene expression in MSCs. In addition, the control of cell shape - either through changing substrate stiffness or restricting spreading with micropatterning - has proved to be important in guiding the differentiation of MSCs. However, few studies have explored the interplay between these physical cues during MSC lineage specification. Here, we demonstrate geometric control of osteogenesis in MSCs cultured on micropatterned polyacrylamide gels. Cells cultured on fibronectin-coated gels express markers associated with osteogenesis in a stiffness dependent fashion with a maximum at ~30kPa. Controlling the geometry of single cells across the substrate demonstrates elevated osteogenesis when cells are confined to shapes that promote increased cytoskeletal tension. Patterning MSCs across hydrogels of variable stiffness will enable the exploration of the interplay between these physical cues and their relationship with the mechanochemical signals that guide stem cell fate decisions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junmin Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Amr A Abdeen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Tiffany H Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Kristopher A Kilian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
197
|
Abstract
Understanding the processes by which stem cells give rise to de novo tissues is an active focus of stem cell biology and bioengineering disciplines. Instructive morphogenic cues surrounding the stem cell during morphogenesis create what is referred to as the stem cell microenvironment. An emerging paradigm in stem cell bioengineering involves "biologically driven assembly," in which stem cells are encouraged to largely define their own morphogenesis processes. However, even in the case of biologically driven assembly, stem cells do not act alone. The properties of the surrounding microenvironment can be critical regulators of cell fate. Stem cell-material interactions are among the most well-characterized microenvironmental effectors of stem cell fate and establish a signaling "context" that can define the mode of influence for morphogenic cues. Here we describe illustrative examples of cell-material interactions that occur during in vitro stem cell studies, with an emphasis on how cell-material interactions create instructive contexts for stem cell differentiation and morphogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S. Khalil
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Orthopedics University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Angela W. Xie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Orthopedics University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - William L. Murphy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Orthopedics University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
- Department of Biomedical Rehabilitation, and Material Science University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| |
Collapse
|
198
|
Extracellular Matrix Remodeling and Mechanical Stresses as Modulators of Adipose Tissue Metabolism and Inflammation. THE MECHANOBIOLOGY OF OBESITY AND RELATED DISEASES 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/8415_2013_172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|