151
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QSAR analysis of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of some tertiary amine derivatives of cinnamic acid. Struct Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-020-01683-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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152
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Figueroa-Villar JD, Petronilho EC, Kuca K, Franca TCC. Review about Structure and Evaluation of Reactivators of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibited with Neurotoxic Organophosphorus Compounds. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:1422-1442. [PMID: 32334495 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200425213215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurotoxic chemical warfare agents can be classified as some of the most dangerous chemicals for humanity. The most effective of those agents are the Organophosphates (OPs) capable of restricting the enzyme Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), which in turn, controls the nerve impulse transmission. When AChE is inhibited by OPs, its reactivation can be usually performed through cationic oximes. However, until today, it has not been developed one universal defense agent, with complete effective reactivation activity for AChE inhibited by any of the many types of existing neurotoxic OPs. For this reason, before treating people intoxicated by an OP, it is necessary to determine the neurotoxic compound that was used for contamination, in order to select the most effective oxime. Unfortunately, this task usually requires a relatively long time, raising the possibility of death. Cationic oximes also display a limited capacity of permeating the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB). This fact compromises their capacity to reactivating AChE inside the nervous system. METHODS We performed a comprehensive search on the data about OPs available on the scientific literature today in order to cover all the main drawbacks still faced in the research for the development of effective antidotes against those compounds. RESULTS Therefore, this review about neurotoxic OPs and the reactivation of AChE, provides insights for the new agents' development. The most expected defense agent is a molecule without toxicity and effective to reactivate AChE inhibited by all neurotoxic OPs. CONCLUSION To develop these new agents, the application of diverse scientific areas of research, especially theoretical procedures as computational science (computer simulation, docking and dynamics), organic synthesis, spectroscopic methodologies, biology, biochemical and biophysical information, medicinal chemistry, pharmacology and toxicology, is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Daniel Figueroa-Villar
- Medicinal Chemistry Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Military Institute of Engineering, 22270- 090, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elaine C Petronilho
- Medicinal Chemistry Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Military Institute of Engineering, 22270- 090, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Králové 50003, Czech Republic
| | - Tanos C C Franca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Králové 50003, Czech Republic
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153
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Shahrivar-Gargari M, Hamzeh-Mivehroud M, Hemmati S, Mojarrad JS, Tüylü Küçükkılınç T, Ayazgök B, Dastmalchi S. Hybridization-based design of novel anticholinesterase indanone-carbamates for Alzheimer's disease: Synthesis, biological evaluation, and docking studies. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2021; 354:e2000453. [PMID: 33872422 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202000453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Inspired by the structures of donepezil and rivastigmine, a novel series of indanone-carbamate hybrids was synthesized using the pharmacophore hybridization-based design strategy, and their biological activities toward acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase were evaluated. Among the synthesized compounds, 4d and 4b showed the highest AChE inhibitory activities with IC50 values in the micromolar range (compound 4d: IC50 = 3.04 μM; compound 4b: IC50 = 4.64 μM). Moreover, the results of the Aβ1-40 aggregation assay revealed that compound 4b is a potent Aβ1-40 aggregation inhibitor. The kinetics of AChE enzymatic activity in the presence of 4b was investigated, and the results were indicative of a reversible partial noncompetitive type of inhibition. A molecular docking study was conducted to determine the possible allosteric binding mode of 4b with the enzyme. The allosteric nature of AChE inhibition by these compounds provides the opportunity for the design of subtype-selective enzyme inhibitors. The presented indanone-carbamate scaffold can be structurally modified and optimized through medicinal chemistry-based approaches for designing novel multitargeted anti-Alzheimer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shahrivar-Gargari
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Hamzeh-Mivehroud
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Salar Hemmati
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javid S Mojarrad
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Beyza Ayazgök
- Department of Biochemistry, Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Siavoush Dastmalchi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, Nicosia, North Cyprus, Turkey
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154
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De Boer D, Nguyen N, Mao J, Moore J, Sorin EJ. A Comprehensive Review of Cholinesterase Modeling and Simulation. Biomolecules 2021; 11:580. [PMID: 33920972 PMCID: PMC8071298 DOI: 10.3390/biom11040580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The present article reviews published efforts to study acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase structure and function using computer-based modeling and simulation techniques. Structures and models of both enzymes from various organisms, including rays, mice, and humans, are discussed to highlight key structural similarities in the active site gorges of the two enzymes, such as flexibility, binding site location, and function, as well as differences, such as gorge volume and binding site residue composition. Catalytic studies are also described, with an emphasis on the mechanism of acetylcholine hydrolysis by each enzyme and novel mutants that increase catalytic efficiency. The inhibitory activities of myriad compounds have been computationally assessed, primarily through Monte Carlo-based docking calculations and molecular dynamics simulations. Pharmaceutical compounds examined herein include FDA-approved therapeutics and their derivatives, as well as several other prescription drug derivatives. Cholinesterase interactions with both narcotics and organophosphate compounds are discussed, with the latter focusing primarily on molecular recognition studies of potential therapeutic value and on improving our understanding of the reactivation of cholinesterases that are bound to toxins. This review also explores the inhibitory properties of several other organic and biological moieties, as well as advancements in virtual screening methodologies with respect to these enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danna De Boer
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California State University, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA;
| | - Nguyet Nguyen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, California State University, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA; (N.N.); (J.M.)
| | - Jia Mao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, California State University, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA; (N.N.); (J.M.)
| | - Jessica Moore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, California State University, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA;
| | - Eric J. Sorin
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California State University, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA;
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155
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Cruz-Vicente P, Passarinha LA, Silvestre S, Gallardo E. Recent Developments in New Therapeutic Agents against Alzheimer and Parkinson Diseases: In-Silico Approaches. Molecules 2021; 26:2193. [PMID: 33920326 PMCID: PMC8069930 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (ND), including Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's Disease (PD), are becoming increasingly more common and are recognized as a social problem in modern societies. These disorders are characterized by a progressive neurodegeneration and are considered one of the main causes of disability and mortality worldwide. Currently, there is no existing cure for AD nor PD and the clinically used drugs aim only at symptomatic relief, and are not capable of stopping neurodegeneration. Over the last years, several drug candidates reached clinical trials phases, but they were suspended, mainly because of the unsatisfactory pharmacological benefits. Recently, the number of compounds developed using in silico approaches has been increasing at a promising rate, mainly evaluating the affinity for several macromolecular targets and applying filters to exclude compounds with potentially unfavorable pharmacokinetics. Thus, in this review, an overview of the current therapeutics in use for these two ND, the main targets in drug development, and the primary studies published in the last five years that used in silico approaches to design novel drug candidates for AD and PD treatment will be presented. In addition, future perspectives for the treatment of these ND will also be briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Cruz-Vicente
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal;
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Luís A. Passarinha
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal;
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- Laboratory of Pharmaco-Toxicology—UBIMedical, University of Beira Interior, 6200-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Samuel Silvestre
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal;
- Laboratory of Pharmaco-Toxicology—UBIMedical, University of Beira Interior, 6200-001 Covilhã, Portugal
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Eugenia Gallardo
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal;
- Laboratory of Pharmaco-Toxicology—UBIMedical, University of Beira Interior, 6200-001 Covilhã, Portugal
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156
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Design, synthesis and evaluation of cholinesterase hybrid inhibitors using a natural steroidal alkaloid as precursor. Bioorg Chem 2021; 111:104893. [PMID: 33882364 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
To date, Alzheimer's disease is the most alarming neurodegenerative disorder worldwide. This illness is multifactorial in nature and cholinesterase inhibitors have been the ones used in clinical treatments. In this context, many of these drugs selectively inhibit the acetylcholinesterase enzyme interacting in both the active site and the peripheric anionic site. Besides, some agents have exhibited extensive benefits being able to co-inhibit butyrylcholinesterase. In this contribution, a strategy previously explored by numerous authors is reported; the synthesis of hybrid cholinesterase inhibitors. This strategy uses a molecule of recognized high inhibitory activity (tacrine) together with a steroidal alkaloid of natural origin using different connectors. The biological assays demonstrated the improvement in the inhibitory activity compared to the alkaloidal precursor, together with the reinforcement of the interactions in multiple sites of the enzymatic cavity. This strategy should be explored and exploited in this area. Docking and molecular dynamic studies were performed to explain enzyme-ligand interactions, assisting a structure-activity relationship analysis.
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157
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Liu M, Qiu JG, Ma F, Zhang CY. Advances in single-molecule fluorescent nanosensors. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 13:e1716. [PMID: 33779063 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Single-molecule detection represents the ultimate sensitivity in measurement science with the characteristics of simplicity, rapidity, low sample consumption, and high signal-to-noise ratio and has attracted considerable attentions in biosensor development. In recent years, a variety of functional nanomaterials with unique chemical, optical, mechanical, and electronic features have been synthesized. The integration of single-molecule detection with functional nanomaterials enables the construction of novel single-molecule fluorescent nanosensors with excellent performance. Herein, we review the advance in single-molecule fluorescent nanosensors constructed by novel nanomaterials including quantum dots, gold nanoparticles, upconversion nanoparticles, fluorescent conjugated polymer nanoparticles, nanosheets, and magnetic nanoparticles in the past decade (2011-2020), and discuss the strategies, features, and applications of single-molecule fluorescent nanosensors in the detection of microRNAs, DNAs, enzymes, proteins, viruses, and live cells. Moreover, we highlight the future direction and challenges in this area. This article is categorized under: Diagnostic Tools > Biosensing Diagnostic Tools > In Vitro Nanoparticle-Based Sensing Diagnostic Tools > Diagnostic Nanodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Jian-Ge Qiu
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Fei Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chun-Yang Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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158
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Transgenic Expression of dsRNA Targeting the Pentalonia nigronervosa acetylcholinesterase Gene in Banana and Plantain Reduces Aphid Populations. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10040613. [PMID: 33804880 PMCID: PMC8063806 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The banana aphid, Pentalonia nigronervosa, is the sole insect vector of banana bunchy top virus (BBTV), the causal agent of banana bunchy top disease. The aphid acquires and transmits BBTV while feeding on infected banana plants. RNA interference (RNAi) enables the generation of pest and disease-resistant crops; however, its effectiveness relies on the identification of pivotal gene sequences to target and silence. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is an essential enzyme responsible for the hydrolytic metabolism of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in animals. In this study, the AChE gene of the banana aphid was targeted for silencing by RNAi through transgenic expression of AChE dsRNA in banana and plantain plants. The efficacy of dsRNA was first assessed using an artificial feeding assay. In vitro aphid feeding on a diet containing 7.5% sucrose, and sulfate complexes of trace metals supported aphid growth and reproduction. When AChE dsRNA was included in the diet, a dose of 500 ng/μL was lethal to the aphids. Transgenic banana cv. Cavendish Williams and plantain cvs. Gonja Manjaya and Orishele expressing AChE dsRNA were regenerated and assessed for transgene integration and copy number. When aphids were maintained on elite transgenic events, there was a 67.8%, 46.7%, and 75.6% reduction in aphid populations growing on Cavendish Williams, Gonja Manjaya, and Orishele cultivars, respectively, compared to those raised on nontransgenic control plants. These results suggest that RNAi targeting an essential aphid gene could be a useful means of reducing both aphid infestation and potentially the spread of the disease they transmit.
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159
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Molecular docking study of the acetylcholinesterase inhibition. CURRENT ISSUES IN PHARMACY AND MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/cipms-2021-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
While Alzheimer disease is the most common form of dementia, acetylcholinesterase is an interesting therapeutic target for the development of new anti-Alzheimer’s disease drugs. In order to discover potential compounds inhibiting this protein target, a molecular docking study of a similar collection of 1-[[2,4-bis[(E)hydroxyiminomethyl] pyridin-1-ium-1-yl]methoxymethyl] pyridin-1-ium-4-carboxamide (HLO) inhibitor from ZINC database using FlexX program was realized. Before performing the molecular docking, FlexX was validated by Root mean square deviation test to determine the reproducibility of the docking program. The strategy undertaken in this study permitted us to propose products 4-[[2-[(Z)-N’-hydroxycarbamimidoyl]-4-pyridyl]methylamino] benzamide and N-[(E)-[1-(4-nitrophenyl)pyrrol-2-yl]methylene amino]isonicotinamide as potential new inhibitors of humane acetylcholinesterase. The two proposed products may act as strong anti-Alzheimer leads compounds.
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160
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Liu X, Shi M, Ren H, Xie M, Zhang C, Wang D, Liu X, Li J, Wang M. Excitatory Impact of Dental Occlusion on Dorsal Motor Nucleus of Vagus. Front Neural Circuits 2021; 15:638000. [PMID: 33776655 PMCID: PMC7994330 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2021.638000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons in the trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus (Vme) have axons that branch peripherally to innervate the orofacial region and project centrally to several motor nuclei in brainstem. The dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve (DMV) resides in the brainstem and takes a role in visceral motor function such as pancreatic exocrine secretion. The present study aimed to demonstrate the presence of Vme-DMV circuit, activation of which would elicit a trigeminal neuroendocrine response. A masticatory dysfunctional animal model termed unilateral anterior crossbite (UAC) model created by disturbing the dental occlusion was used. Cholera toxin B subunit (CTb) was injected into the inferior alveolar nerve of rats to help identify the central axon terminals of Vme neurons around the choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) positive motor neurons in the DMV. The level of vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGLUT1) expressed in DMV, the level of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) expressed in pancreas, the level of glucagon and insulin expression in islets and serum, and the blood glucose level were detected and compared between UAC and the age matched sham-operation control mice. Data indicated that compared with the controls, there were more CTb/VGLUT1 double labeled axon endings around the ChAT positive neurons in the DMV of UAC groups. Mice in UAC group expressed a higher VGLUT1 protein level in DMV, AChE protein level in pancreas, glucagon and insulin level in islet and serum, and higher postprandial blood glucose level, but lower fasting blood glucose level. All these were reversed at 15-weeks when UAC cessation was performed from 11-weeks (all, P < 0.05). Our findings demonstrated Vme-DMV circuit via which the aberrant occlusion elicited a trigeminal neuroendocrine response such as alteration in the postprandial blood glucose level. Dental occlusion is proposed as a potential therapeutic target for reversing the increased postprandial glucose level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Minghong Shi
- School of Stomatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Haotian Ren
- Department of Stomatology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mianjiao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chunkui Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology and K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- School of Stomatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jinlian Li
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology and K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Meiqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,School of Stomatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
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161
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Development of Rapid and High-Precision Colorimetric Device for Organophosphorus Pesticide Detection Based on Microfluidic Mixer Chip. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12030290. [PMID: 33803445 PMCID: PMC8000396 DOI: 10.3390/mi12030290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The excessive pesticide residues in cereals, fruit and vegetables is a big threat to human health, and it is necessary to develop a portable, low-cost and high-precision pesticide residue detection scheme to replace the large-scale laboratory testing equipment for rapid detection of pesticide residues. In this study, a colorimetric device for rapid detection of organophosphorus pesticide residues with high precision based on a microfluidic mixer chip was proposed. The microchannel structure with high mixing efficiency was determined by fluid dynamics simulation, while the corresponding microfluidic mixer chip was designed. The microfluidic mixer chip was prepared by a self-developed liquid crystal display (LCD) mask photo-curing machine. The influence of printing parameters on the accuracy of the prepared chip was investigated. The light source with the optimal wavelength of the device was determined by absorption spectrum measurement, and the relationship between the liquid reservoir depth and detection limit was studied by experiments. The correspondence between pesticide concentration and induced voltage was derived. The minimum detection concentration of the device could reach 0.045 mg·L-1 and the average detection time was reduced to 60 s. The results provide a theoretical and experimental basis for portable and high-precision detection of pesticide residues.
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162
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Cerqueira APM, Santana IB, Araújo JSC, Lima HG, Batatinha MJM, Branco A, Santos Junior MCD, Botura MB. Homology modeling, docking, molecular dynamics and in vitro studies to identify Rhipicephalus microplus acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021; 40:6787-6797. [PMID: 33645442 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1889666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Rhipicephalus microplus is an important ectoparasite of cattle, causing considerable economical losses. Resistance to chemical acaricides has stimulated the search for new antiparasitic drugs, including natural products as an eco-friendly alternative of control. Flavonoids represent a class of natural compounds with many biological activities, such as enzyme inhibitors. Acetylcholinesterase is an essential enzyme for tick survival that stands out as an important target for the development of acaricides. This work aimed to predict this 3D structure by homology modeling and use the model to identify compound with inhibitory activity. The model of R. microplus AChE1 (RmAChE1) was constructed using MODELLER program. The optimization and molecular dynamic investigation were performed in GROMACS program. The model developed was used, by molecular docking, to evaluate the anticholinesterase activity of flavonoids (quercetin, rutin, diosmin, naringin and hesperidin) and an acaricide synthetic (eserine). Additionally, in vitro inhibition of AChE and larval immersion tests were performed. The model of RmAChE1 showed to be sterically and energetically acceptable. In molecular dynamics simulations, the 3D structure remains stable with Root Mean Square Deviation = 3.58 Å and Root Mean Square Fluctuation = 1.43 Å. In molecular docking analyses, only eserine and quercetin show affinity energy to the RmAChE (Gridscore: -52.17 and -39.44 kcal/mol, respectively). Among the flavonoids, quercetin exhibited the best in vitro inhibition of AChE activity (15.8%) and mortality of larvae tick (30.2%). The use of in silico and in vitro techniques has shown that quercetin showed promising anti-tick activity and structural requirements to interact with RmAChE1. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Ponce Morais Cerqueira
- Departamento de Biologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil
| | - Isis Bugia Santana
- Departamento de Biologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil
| | - Janay Stefany Carneiro Araújo
- Departamento de Biologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil
| | - Hélimar Gonçalves Lima
- Laboratório de Toxicologia, Hospital de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Ondina, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Maria José Moreira Batatinha
- Laboratório de Toxicologia, Hospital de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Ondina, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Alexsandro Branco
- Departamento de Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil
| | | | - Mariana Borges Botura
- Departamento de Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil
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163
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Thapa P, Upadhyay SP, Suo WZ, Singh V, Gurung P, Lee ES, Sharma R, Sharma M. Chalcone and its analogs: Therapeutic and diagnostic applications in Alzheimer's disease. Bioorg Chem 2021; 108:104681. [PMID: 33571811 PMCID: PMC7928223 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Chalcone [(E)-1,3-diphenyl-2-propene-1-one], a small molecule with α, β unsaturated carbonyl group is a precursor or component of many natural flavonoids and isoflavonoids. It is one of the privileged structures in medicinal chemistry. It possesses a wide range of biological activities encouraging many medicinal chemists to study this scaffold for its usefulness to oncology, infectious diseases, virology and neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Small molecular size, convenient and cost-effective synthesis, and flexibility for modifications to modulate lipophilicity suitable for blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability make chalcones a preferred candidate for their therapeutic and diagnostic potential in AD. This review summarizes and highlights the importance of chalcone and its analogs as single target small therapeutic agents, multi-target directed ligands (MTDLs) as well as molecular imaging agents for AD. The information summarized here will guide many medicinal chemist and researchers involved in drug discovery to consider chalcone as a potential scaffold for the development of anti-AD agents including theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritam Thapa
- Drug Discovery Program, Midwest Veterans' Biomedical Research Foundation, KCVA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA.
| | - Sunil P Upadhyay
- Drug Discovery Program, Midwest Veterans' Biomedical Research Foundation, KCVA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA
| | - William Z Suo
- Laboratory for Alzheimer's Disease & Aging Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA
| | - Vikas Singh
- Division of Neurology, KCVA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Prajwal Gurung
- Inflammation Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Eung Seok Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Ram Sharma
- Drug Discovery Program, Midwest Veterans' Biomedical Research Foundation, KCVA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA
| | - Mukut Sharma
- Drug Discovery Program, Midwest Veterans' Biomedical Research Foundation, KCVA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA
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Robinson A, Lahive E, Short S, Carter H, Sleep D, Pereira G, Kille P, Spurgeon D. Chemicals with increasingly complex modes of action result in greater variation in sensitivity between earthworm species. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 272:115914. [PMID: 33243544 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The scale of variation in species sensitivity to toxicants has been theoretically linked to mode of action. Specifically, it has been proposed there will be greater variations for chemicals with a putative specific biological target than for toxicants with a non-specific narcotic mechanism. Here we test the hypothesis that mode of action is related to variation in sensitivity in a specifically designed experiment for species from a single ecologically important terrestrial taxa, namely earthworms. Earthworm toxicity tests were conducted with five species for four chemicals, providing a series of increasingly complex modes of action: a putative narcotic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (fluoranthene), and three insecticides (chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, imidacloprid) with known neuronal receptor targets. Across all the chemicals, the standard epigeic test species Eisenia fetida and Lumbricus rubellus, were generally among the two least sensitive, while the endogenic Aporrectodea caliginosa and Megascolecidae Amynthas gracilis were generally more sensitive (never being among the two least sensitive species). This indicates a potential for bias in the earthworm ecotoxicology literature, which is dominated by studies in epigeic Lumbricidae, but contains few endogeic or Megascolecidae data. Results confirmed the lowest range of variation in sensitivities for effects on reproduction was for fluoranthene (2.5 fold). All insecticides showed greater variation for species sensitivity (cypermethrin: 7.5 fold, chlorpyrifos: 10.3 fold, imidacloprid: 31.5 fold) consistent with the specific mechanisms of the pesticides. Difference in toxicodynamics, based on mode of action specificity and receptor complexity was reflected in the magnitude of sensitivity variation. However, measurements of tissue concentrations also indicated the potential importance of toxicokinetics in explaining species sensitivity variations for chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Robinson
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Elma Lahive
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Stephen Short
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, BIOSI 1, University of Cardiff, P.O. Box 915, Cardiff, CF10 3TL, UK
| | - Heather Carter
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Av., Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA14AP, UK
| | - Darren Sleep
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Av., Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA14AP, UK
| | - Gloria Pereira
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Av., Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA14AP, UK
| | - Peter Kille
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, BIOSI 1, University of Cardiff, P.O. Box 915, Cardiff, CF10 3TL, UK
| | - David Spurgeon
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BB, UK.
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165
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Arya A, Chahal R, Rao R, Rahman MH, Kaushik D, Akhtar MF, Saleem A, Khalifa SMA, El-Seedi HR, Kamel M, Albadrani GM, Abdel-Daim MM, Mittal V. Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Potential of Various Sesquiterpene Analogues for Alzheimer's Disease Therapy. Biomolecules 2021; 11:350. [PMID: 33669097 PMCID: PMC7996600 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a gradually growing irreversible illness of the brain that almost affects every fifth person (aged > 80 years) in the world. World Health Organization (WHO) also revealed that the prevalence of this disease will enhance (upto double) significantly upto 2030. The poor cholinergic transmission at the synapse is considered to be one of the main reasons behind the progression and occurrence of this disorder. Natural inhibitors of acetylcholine (ACh) such as galanthamine and rivastigmine are used commercially in the treatmentof AD. The biomolecules such assesquiterpenes, possess a great structural diversity and are responsible for a plethora of pharmacological properties. The potential of various sesquiterpenes as anticholinesterase has been reviewed in this article. For this purpose, the various databases, mainly PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were investigatedwith different keywords such as "sesquiterpenes+acetylcholinesterase" and "sesquiterpenes+cholinesterase+inhibitors" in the surveyed time frame (2010-2020). A vast literature was evident in the last decade, which affirms the potential of various sesquiterpenes in the improvement of cholinergic transmission by inhibiting the AChE. After data analysis, it was found that 12 compounds out of a total of 58 sesquiterpenes were reported to possess IC50 < 9μM and can be considered as potential candidates for the improvement of learning and memory. Sesquiterpene is an important category of terpenoids, found to possess a large spectrum of biological activities. The outcome of the review clearly states that sesquiterpenes (such as amberboin, lipidiol,etc) from herbs could offer fresh, functional compounds for possible prevention and treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwani Arya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana-124001, India
| | - Rubal Chahal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana-124001, India
| | - Rekha Rao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambeshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana-125001, India
| | - Md Habibur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Banani, Dhaka-1213, Bangladesh
- Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26384, Korea
| | - Deepak Kaushik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana-124001, India
| | - Muhammad Furqan Akhtar
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lahore Campus, Riphah International University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ammara Saleem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shaden M A Khalifa
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hesham R El-Seedi
- Pharmacognosy Group, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Biomedical Centre, Box 574, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32512, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Kamel
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Ghadeer M Albadrani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11474, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Vineet Mittal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana-124001, India
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166
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Zhou Y, Fu Y, Yin W, Li J, Wang W, Bai F, Xu S, Gong Q, Peng T, Hong Y, Zhang D, Zhang D, Liu Q, Xu Y, Xu HE, Zhang H, Jiang H, Liu H. Kinetics-Driven Drug Design Strategy for Next-Generation Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors to Clinical Candidate. J Med Chem 2021; 64:1844-1855. [PMID: 33570950 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors remain key therapeutic drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the low-safety window limits their maximum therapeutic benefits. Here, a novel kinetics-driven drug design strategy was employed to discover new-generation AChE inhibitors that possess a longer drug-target residence time and exhibit a larger safety window. After detailed investigations, compound 12 was identified as a highly potent, highly selective, orally bioavailable, and brain preferentially distributed AChE inhibitor. Moreover, it significantly ameliorated cognitive impairments in different mouse models with a lower effective dose than donepezil. The X-ray structure of the cocrystal complex provided a precise binding mode between 12 and AChE. Besides, the data from the phase I trials demonstrated that 12 had good safety, tolerance, and pharmacokinetic profiles at all preset doses in healthy volunteers, providing a solid basis for its further investigation in phase II trials for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Fu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanchao Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Qixia District, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Bai
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies and School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengtao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Gong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiufeng Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Yechun Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - H Eric Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Hualiang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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167
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Sarkar B, Alam S, Rajib TK, Islam SS, Araf Y, Ullah MA. Identification of the most potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitors from plants for possible treatment of Alzheimer’s disease: a computational approach. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-020-00127-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Being one of the rapidly growing dementia type diseases in the world, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has gained much attention from researchers in the recent decades. Many hypotheses have been developed that describe different reasons for the development of AD. Among them, the cholinergic hypothesis depicts that the degradation of an important neurotransmitter, acetylcholine by the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE), is responsible for the development of AD. Although, many anti-AChE drugs are already available in the market, their performance sometimes yields unexpected results. For this reason, research works are going on to find out potential anti-AChE agents both from natural and synthetic sources. In this study, 50 potential anti-AChE phytochemicals were analyzed using numerous tools of bioinformatics and in silico biology to find out the best possible anti-AChE agents among the selected 50 ligands through molecular docking, determination of the druglikeness properties, conducting the ADMET test, PASS and P450 site of metabolism prediction, and DFT calculations.
Result
The predictions of this study suggested that among the selected 50 ligands, bellidifolin, naringenin, apigenin, and coptisine were the 4 best compounds with quite similar and sound performance in most of the experiments.
Conclusion
In this study, bellidifolin, naringenin, apigenin, and coptisine were found to be the most effective agents for treating the AD targeting AChE. However, more in vivo and in vitro analyses are required to finally confirm the outcomes of this research.
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168
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Da Silva AMPW, Mittersteiner M, Da Silva FM, D'Avila F, Nogara PA, Nogara KF, Rocha JBT, Bonacorso HG, Martins MAP, Zanatta N. Design, Synthesis, and Cholinesterase Inhibitory Activity of 4‐Substituted‐6‐(trihalomethyl)‐2‐methylsulfanyl Pyrimidines. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202100125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreia M. P. W. Da Silva
- Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Departamento de Química Universidade Federal de Santa Maria 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS Brazil
| | - Mateus Mittersteiner
- Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Departamento de Química Universidade Federal de Santa Maria 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS Brazil
| | - Fabio M. Da Silva
- Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Departamento de Química Universidade Federal de Santa Maria 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS Brazil
| | - Fernanda D'Avila
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Toxicológica Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular Universidade Federal de Santa Maria 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS Brazil
| | - Pablo A. Nogara
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Toxicológica Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular Universidade Federal de Santa Maria 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS Brazil
| | - Karise F. Nogara
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Toxicológica Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular Universidade Federal de Santa Maria 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS Brazil
| | - João B. T. Rocha
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Toxicológica Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular Universidade Federal de Santa Maria 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS Brazil
| | - Helio G. Bonacorso
- Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Departamento de Química Universidade Federal de Santa Maria 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS Brazil
| | - Marcos A. P. Martins
- Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Departamento de Química Universidade Federal de Santa Maria 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS Brazil
| | - Nilo Zanatta
- Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Departamento de Química Universidade Federal de Santa Maria 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS Brazil
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169
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Xing Q, Liao H, Peng C, Zheng G, Yang Z, Wang J, Lu W, Huang X, Bao Z. Identification, characterization and expression analyses of cholinesterases genes in Yesso scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis) reveal molecular function allocation in responses to ocean acidification. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 231:105736. [PMID: 33422860 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cholinesterases are key enzymes in central and peripheral cholinergic nerve system functioning on nerve impulse transmission in animals. Though cholinesterases have been identified in most vertebrates, the knowledge about the variable numbers and multiple functions of the genes is still quite meagre in invertebrates, especially in scallops. In this study, the complete cholinesterase (ChE) family members have been systematically characterized in Yesso scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis) via whole-genome scanning through in silico analysis. Ten ChE family members in the genome of Yesso scallop (designated PyChEs) were identified and potentially acted to be the largest number of ChE in the reported species to date. Phylogenetic and protein structural analyses were performed to determine the identities and evolutionary relationships of these genes. The expression profiles of PyChEs were determined in all developmental stages, in healthy adult tissues, and in mantles under low pH stress (pH 6.5 and 7.5). Spatiotemporal expression suggested the ubiquitous functional roles of PyChEs in all stages of development, as well as general and tissue-specific functions in scallop tissues. Regulation expressions revealed diverse up- and down-regulated expression patterns at most time points, suggesting different functional specialization of gene superfamily members in response to ocean acidification (OA). Evidences in gene number, phylogenetic relationships and expression patterns of PyChEs revealed that functional innovations and differentiations after gene duplication may result in altered functional constraints among PyChEs gene clusters. Collectively, our results provide the potential clues that the selection pressures coming from the environment were the potential inducement leading to function allocation of ChE family members in scallop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Xing
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Huan Liao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China; College of Animal Biotechnology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Guiliang Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Zujing Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Jing Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Wei Lu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xiaoting Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Zhenmin Bao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
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170
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Luo X, Lauwers M, Layer PG, Wen C. Non-neuronal Role of Acetylcholinesterase in Bone Development and Degeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:620543. [PMID: 33585459 PMCID: PMC7876280 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.620543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), an enzyme catalyzing the degradation of acetylcholine, plays an important suppressive role in the cholinergic regulation by terminating the action of acetylcholine. The expression of acetylcholinesterase and other cholinergic components is not restricted to only brain and nerve tissues but can also be found in non-neuronal tissues like the immune system and bone tissue. Primary identification of these components has been achieved. However, the information about their specific functions and underlying molecular mechanisms in bone remains scattered. Here, the physiological process of bone development, homeostasis, and degeneration are introduced. Next, the cholinergic system and its expression in bone tissue is documented. Among them, special attention goes to AChE, as the structure of this enzyme suggests diverse binding affinities, enabled by a peripheral site and a catalytic site. The peripheral site supports the non-enzymatic function of AChE in non-neuronal systems. Based on recent studies, the non-neuronal roles of acetylcholinesterase, both enzymatically and non-enzymatically, in bone development, homeostasis and degeneration are summarized briefly together with potential mechanisms to support these functions. We conclude that AChE may be a potential therapeutic target for bone diseases like osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohe Luo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Marianne Lauwers
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Paul G Layer
- Developmental Biology and Neurogenetics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Chunyi Wen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
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171
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Zhao S, Xu J, Zhang S, Han M, Wu Y, Li Y, Hu L. Multivalent butyrylcholinesterase inhibitor discovered by exploiting dynamic combinatorial chemistry. Bioorg Chem 2021; 108:104656. [PMID: 33548731 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we report the generation of a polymer-based dynamic combinatorial library (DCL) incorporating exchangeable side chains using acylhydrazone formation reaction. In combination with tetrameric butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), the most potent binding side chain was identified, and the information obtained was further used for the synthesis of a multivalent BChE inhibitor. In the in vitro biological evaluation, this multivalent inhibitor exhibited not only better inhibitory effect than the commercial reference but also high selectivity on BChE over acetylcholinesterase (AChE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jintao Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shixin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., Zhenjiang, China
| | - Maochun Han
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yao Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yusi Li
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., Zhenjiang, China
| | - Lei Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., Zhenjiang, China.
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172
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Synthesis of novel 1,2,3 triazole derivatives and assessment of their potential cholinesterases, glutathione S-transferase enzymes inhibitory properties: An in vitro and in silico study. Bioorg Chem 2020; 107:104606. [PMID: 33476865 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, new 1,2,3-triazole derivatives containing chalcone core (1-7) were synthesized. Obtained compounds were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and mass studies. Characterized compounds (1-7) inhibitory effects were tested against the glutathione S-transferase (GST), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). Their Ki values were in the range of 5.88-11.13 µM on AChE, 5.08-15.12 µM on BChE, and 9.82-13.22 µM on GST. Remarkable inhibitory effects were obtained against three tested metabolic enzymes. Also, binding scores of the best-inhibitors against AChE, BChE, and GST enzymes were detected as -9.969 kcal/mol, -10.672 kcal/mol, and -8.832 kcal/mol, respectively. Isoindoline-1,3-dione and benzothiophene moieties played a critical role in the inhibition of AChE and BChE enzymes, respectively. Phenylene and triazole moieties had the most important interactions for inhibition of the GST enzyme. Therefore, in vivo and in silico results indicated that these compounds can be considered in drug design processes for the treatment of some diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD), leukemia, and some type of cancer.
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173
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Shaikh S, Dhavan P, Singh P, Uparkar J, Vaidya SP, Jadhav BL, Ramana MV. Synthesis of carbazole based α-aminophosphonate derivatives: design, molecular docking and in vitro cholinesterase activity. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 40:4801-4814. [PMID: 33345710 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1861981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel carbazole based α-aminophosphonate derivatives were synthesized under solvent-free condition, characterized and evaluated for their cholinesterase inhibition, enzyme kinetic inhibition, in-vitro cell viability using N2a cells, neuroprotective studies against H2O2-induced stress using N2a cells and antioxidant studies using DPPH radical activity. Test compounds displayed better AChE activity (0.475 to 7.781 µM) than BuChE (3.306 to 21.32 µM). Compound 4j was most potent derivative against AChE as well as BuChE with IC50=0.475 ± 0.12 µM and IC50=3.306 ± 0.21 µM respectively. Kinetic inhibition studies indicate that compound 4j exhibits mixed type inhibition against both enzymes which was supported by molecular docking studies. Cell viability studies showed that compounds did not induce any cytotoxic effect against N2a cells using MTT assay. Also, compound 4j, 4 s and 4r were subjected to H2O2-induced stress using N2a cells and were found to be protective in nature. ADME predictions were carried out to understand the pharmacokinetics behaviour.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarfaraz Shaikh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Mumbai, Mumbai, India
| | - Pratik Dhavan
- Department of Life sciences, University of Mumbai, Mumbai, India
| | - Pinky Singh
- Biology Department, Haffkine Institute, Parel, Mumbai, India
| | - Jasmin Uparkar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Mumbai, Mumbai, India
| | - S P Vaidya
- Biology Department, Haffkine Institute, Parel, Mumbai, India
| | - B L Jadhav
- Department of Life sciences, University of Mumbai, Mumbai, India
| | - M V Ramana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Mumbai, Mumbai, India
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174
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de Lange A, Prodjinotho UF, Tomes H, Hagen J, Jacobs BA, Smith K, Horsnell W, Sikasunge C, Hockman D, Selkirk ME, Prazeres da Costa C, Raimondo JV. Taenia larvae possess distinct acetylcholinesterase profiles with implications for host cholinergic signalling. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008966. [PMID: 33347447 PMCID: PMC7785214 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Larvae of the cestodes Taenia solium and Taenia crassiceps infect the central nervous system of humans. Taenia solium larvae in the brain cause neurocysticercosis, the leading cause of adult-acquired epilepsy worldwide. Relatively little is understood about how cestode-derived products modulate host neural and immune signalling. Acetylcholinesterases, a class of enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine, are produced by a host of parasitic worms to aid their survival in the host. Acetylcholine is an important signalling molecule in both the human nervous and immune systems, with powerful modulatory effects on the excitability of cortical networks. Therefore, it is important to establish whether cestode derived acetylcholinesterases may alter host neuronal cholinergic signalling. Here we make use of multiple techniques to profile acetylcholinesterase activity in different extracts of both Taenia crassiceps and Taenia solium larvae. We find that the larvae of both species contain substantial acetylcholinesterase activity. However, acetylcholinesterase activity is lower in Taenia solium as compared to Taenia crassiceps larvae. Further, whilst we observed acetylcholinesterase activity in all fractions of Taenia crassiceps larvae, including on the membrane surface and in the excreted/secreted extracts, we could not identify acetylcholinesterases on the membrane surface or in the excreted/secreted extracts of Taenia solium larvae. Bioinformatic analysis revealed conservation of the functional protein domains in the Taenia solium acetylcholinesterases, when compared to the homologous human sequence. Finally, using whole-cell patch clamp recordings in rat hippocampal brain slice cultures, we demonstrate that Taenia larval derived acetylcholinesterases can break down acetylcholine at a concentration which induces changes in neuronal signalling. Together, these findings highlight the possibility that Taenia larval acetylcholinesterases can interfere with cholinergic signalling in the host, potentially contributing to pathogenesis in neurocysticercosis. Infection of the human nervous system with larvae of the parasite Taenia solium is a significant cause of acquired epilepsy worldwide. Despite this, the precise cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying epileptogenesis in neurocysticercosis remain unclear. Acetylcholinesterases are a family of enzymes widely produced by helminthic parasites. These enzymes facilitate the breakdown of acetylcholine, which is also a major neurotransmitter in the human nervous system. If T. solium larvae produce acetylcholinesterases, this could potentially disrupt host cholinergic signalling, which may in turn contribute to seizures and epilepsy. We therefore set out to investigate the presence and activity of acetylcholinesterases in T. solium larvae, as well as in Taenia crassiceps larvae, a species commonly used as a model parasite in neurocysticercosis research. We found that both T. crassiceps and T. solium larvae produce acetylcholinesterases with substantial activity and that the functional protein domains in the Taenia solium acetylcholinesterases have great similarity to those of human acetylcholinesterases. We further demonstrate that the acetylcholinesterase activity in the products of these parasites is sufficient to break down acetylcholine at a concentration which induces changes in neuronal signalling in an ex vivo brain slice model. This study provides evidence that Taenia larvae produce acetylcholinesterases and that these can potentially interfere with cholinergic signalling in the host and contribute to pathogenesis in neurocysticercosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja de Lange
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Human Biology and Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ulrich Fabien Prodjinotho
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Centre for Global Health, Technical University Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Hayley Tomes
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Human Biology and Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jana Hagen
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Brittany-Amber Jacobs
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Smith
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - William Horsnell
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Laboratory of Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics (INEM), UMR 7355 CNRS-University of Orleans, Orleans, France
| | - Chummy Sikasunge
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Paraclinicals, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Dorit Hockman
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Human Biology and Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Murray E. Selkirk
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Clarissa Prazeres da Costa
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Centre for Global Health, Technical University Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Joseph Valentino Raimondo
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Human Biology and Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- * E-mail:
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175
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Design, synthesis and biological assessment of acridine derivatives containing 1,3,4-thiadiazole moiety as novel selective acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2020; 105:104457. [PMID: 33339082 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of acridine derivatives containing substituted thiadiazol-2-amine moiety was synthesized via multi-component condensation reaction of dimedone, aromatic aldehyde and 5-aryl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-amines in the presence of LaCl3 as a catalyst under solvent-free conditions. Anticholinesterase (AChE and BuChE) activity evaluation of the derivatives showed that all the derivatives are capable of inhibiting both enzymes and are highly selective towards AChE. Among them, the ability of 4i and 4d with respective IC50 values of 0.002 and 0.006 µM to inhibit AChE was higher than the reference compound tacrine (IC50 = 0.016 µM). The kinetics studies demonstrated that 4i and 4d inhibit AChE through a competitive/non-competitive mixed mechanism. The HEPG2 cell viability assay evidenced that 4i and 4d significantly exhibit lower hepatotoxicity compared with tacrine. Blind docking experiments performed on TcAChE (PDB ID: 2ACE) indicated that an unknown site is preferred for binding by all the derivatives over classic binding site of the enzyme, site 1 (CAS/PAS). Identification of the residues by protein structure alignment confirmed that this site is site 2 which was recently recognized as a new allosteric site of hAChE. The binding modes of 4i and 4d were also investigated using local docking studies on site 1 and site 2.
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176
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Salvia officinalis L. from Italy: A Comparative Chemical and Biological Study of Its Essential Oil in the Mediterranean Context. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25245826. [PMID: 33321838 PMCID: PMC7763040 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Salvia officinalis L. (sage) is one of the most appreciated plants for its plethora of biologically active compounds. The objective of our research was a comparative study, in the Mediterranean context, of chemical composition, anticholinesterases, and antioxidant properties of essential oils (EOs) from sage collected in three areas (S1–S3) of Southern Italy. EOs were extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory properties were investigated by employing Ellman’s method. Four in vitro assays, namely, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), ferric-reducing ability power (FRAP), and β-carotene bleaching tests, were used to study the antioxidant effects. Camphor (16.16–18.92%), 1,8-cineole (8.80–9.86%), β-pinene (3.08–9.14%), camphene (6.27–8.08%), and α-thujone (1.17–9.26%) are identified as the most abundant constituents. However, the content of these constituents varied depending on environmental factors and pedoclimatic conditions. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed. Based on Relative Antioxidant Capacity Index (RACI), S2 essential oil exhibited the highest radical potential with an IC50 value of 20.64 μg/mL in ABTS test and presented the highest protection of lipid peroxidation with IC50 values of 38.06 and 46.32 μg/mL after 30 and 60 min of incubation, respectively. The most promising inhibitory activity against BChE was found for S3 sample (IC50 of 33.13 μg/mL).
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177
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Boy S, Türkan F, Beytur M, Aras A, Akyıldırım O, Karaman HS, Yüksek H. Synthesis, design, and assessment of novel morpholine-derived Mannich bases as multifunctional agents for the potential enzyme inhibitory properties including docking study. Bioorg Chem 2020; 107:104524. [PMID: 33317836 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The synthesized Schiff Bases were reacted with formaldehyde and secondary amine such as 2,6-dimethylmorpholine to afford N-Mannich bases through the Mannich reaction. 3-Substitued-4-(4-hydroxybenzylidenamino)-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-ones (4) were treated with 2,6-dimethylmorpholine in the presence of formaldehyde to synthesize eight new 1-(2,6-dimethylmorpholino-4-yl-methyl)-3-substitued-4-(4-hydroxybenzylidenamino)-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-ones (4a-h). The structures of the synthesized eight new compounds were characterized using IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HR-MS spectroscopic methods. Synthesized compounds inhibitory activity determined against the acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzymes with Ki values in the range 25.23-42.19 µM for AChE, 19.37-34.22 µM for BChE, and 21.84-41.14 µM for GST, respectively. Binding scores of most active inhibitors against AChE, BChE, and GST enzymes were detected as -10.294 kcal/mol, -9.562 kcal/mol, and -7.112 kcal/mol, respectively. The hydroxybenzylidene moiety of the most active inhibitors caused to inhibition of the enzymes through hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songül Boy
- Atatürk Vocational College of Health Service, Kafkas University, Kars 36100, Turkey
| | - Fikret Türkan
- Health Services Vocational School, Iğdır University, Iğdır 76000, Turkey
| | - Murat Beytur
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Kafkas University, Kars 36100, Turkey
| | - Abdülmelik Aras
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Iğdır University, Iğdır 76100, Turkey.
| | - Onur Akyıldırım
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kafkas University, Kars 36000, Turkey
| | - Halide Sedef Karaman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Haydar Yüksek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Kafkas University, Kars 36100, Turkey
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178
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Discovery of methoxy-naphthyl linked N-(1-benzylpiperidine) benzamide as a blood-brain permeable dual inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 207:112761. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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179
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Adeowo FY, Lawal MM, Kumalo HM. Design and Development of Cholinesterase Dual Inhibitors towards Alzheimer's Disease Treatment: A Focus on Recent Contributions from Computational and Theoretical Perspective. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202003573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Y. Adeowo
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science University of KwaZulu-Natal Durban 4001 South Africa
| | - Monsurat M. Lawal
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science University of KwaZulu-Natal Durban 4001 South Africa
| | - Hezekiel M. Kumalo
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science University of KwaZulu-Natal Durban 4001 South Africa
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180
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Fotopoulos I, Hadjipavlou-Litina D. Hybrids of Coumarin Derivatives as Potent and Multifunctional Bioactive Agents: A Review. Med Chem 2020; 16:272-306. [PMID: 31038071 DOI: 10.2174/1573406415666190416121448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coumarins exhibit a plethora of biological activities, e.g. antiinflammatory and anti-tumor. Molecular hybridization technique has been implemented in the design of novel coumarin hybrids with several bioactive groups in order to obtain molecules with better pharmacological activity and improved pharmacokinetic profile. OBJECTIVE Therefore, we tried to gather as many as possible biologically active coumarin hybrids referred in the literature till now, to delineate the structural characteristics in relation to the activities and to have a survey that might help the medicinal chemists to design new coumarin hybrids with drug-likeness and varied bioactivities. RESULTS The biological activities of the hybrids in most of the cases were found to be different from the biological activities presented by the parent coumarins. The results showed that the hybrid molecules are more potent compared to the standard drugs used in the evaluation experiments. CONCLUSION Conjugation of coumarin with varied pharmacophore groups/druglike molecules responsible for different biological activities led to many novel hybrid molecules, with a multitarget behavior and improved pharmacokinetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Fotopoulos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Dimitra Hadjipavlou-Litina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
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181
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Izquierdo PG, O'Connor V, Green AC, Holden-Dye L, Tattersall JEH. C. elegans pharyngeal pumping provides a whole organism bio-assay to investigate anti-cholinesterase intoxication and antidotes. Neurotoxicology 2020; 82:50-62. [PMID: 33176172 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2020.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase by either organophosphates or carbamates causes anti-cholinesterase poisoning. This arises through a wide range of neurotoxic effects triggered by the overstimulation of the cholinergic receptors at synapses and neuromuscular junctions. Without intervention, this poisoning can lead to profound toxic effects, including death, and the incomplete efficacy of the current treatments, particularly for oxime-insensitive agents, provokes the need to find better antidotes. Here we show how the non-parasitic nematode Caenorhabditis elegans offers an excellent tool for investigating the acetylcholinesterase intoxication. The C. elegans neuromuscular junctions show a high degree of molecular and functional conservation with the cholinergic transmission that operates in the autonomic, central and neuromuscular synapses in mammals. In fact, the anti-cholinesterase intoxication of the worm's body wall neuromuscular junction has been unprecedented in understanding molecular determinants of cholinergic function in nematodes and other organisms. We extend the use of the model organism's feeding behaviour as a tool to investigate carbamate and organophosphate mode of action. We show that inhibition of the cholinergic-dependent rhythmic pumping of the pharyngeal muscle correlates with the inhibition of the acetylcholinesterase activity caused by aldicarb, paraoxons and DFP exposure. Further, this bio-assay allows one to address oxime dependent reversal of cholinesterase inhibition in the context of whole organism recovery. Interestingly, the recovery of the pharyngeal function after such anti-cholinesterase poisoning represents a sensitive and easily quantifiable phenotype that is indicative of the spontaneous recovery or irreversible modification of the worm acetylcholinesterase after inhibition. These observations highlight the pharynx of C. elegans as a new tractable approach to explore anti-cholinesterase intoxication and recovery with the potential to resolve critical genetic determinants of these neurotoxins' mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia G Izquierdo
- Biological Sciences, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.
| | - Vincent O'Connor
- Biological Sciences, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - A Christopher Green
- Dstl, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP4 0JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Lindy Holden-Dye
- Biological Sciences, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - John E H Tattersall
- Dstl, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP4 0JQ, United Kingdom
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182
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Comoletti D, Trobiani L, Chatonnet A, Bourne Y, Marchot P. Comparative mapping of selected structural determinants on the extracellular domains of cholinesterase-like cell-adhesion molecules. Neuropharmacology 2020; 184:108381. [PMID: 33166544 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cell adhesion generally involves formation of homophilic or heterophilic protein complexes between two cells to form transcellular junctions. Neural cell-adhesion members of the α/β-hydrolase fold superfamily of proteins use their extracellular or soluble cholinesterase-like domain to bind cognate partners across cell membranes, as illustrated by the neuroligins. These cell-adhesion molecules currently comprise the synaptic organizers neuroligins found in all animal phyla, along with three proteins found only in invertebrates: the guidance molecule neurotactin, the glia-specific gliotactin, and the basement membrane protein glutactin. Although these proteins share a cholinesterase-like fold, they lack one or more residues composing the catalytic triad responsible for the enzymatic activity of the cholinesterases. Conversely, they are found in various subcellular localisations and display specific disulfide bonding and N-glycosylation patterns, along with individual surface determinants possibly associated with recognition and binding of protein partners. Formation of non-covalent dimers typical of the cholinesterases is documented for mammalian neuroligins, yet whether invertebrate neuroligins and their neurotactin, gliotactin and glutactin relatives also form dimers in physiological conditions is unknown. Here we provide a brief overview of the localization, function, evolution, and conserved versus individual structural determinants of these cholinesterase-like cell-adhesion proteins. This article is part of the special issue entitled 'Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors: From Bench to Bedside to Battlefield'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Comoletti
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, 6012, New Zealand; Child Health Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
| | - Laura Trobiani
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, 6012, New Zealand
| | - Arnaud Chatonnet
- Lab 'Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme', Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE) / Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Yves Bourne
- Lab 'Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB)', Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)/Aix-Marseille Univ, Faculté des Sciences - Campus Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Pascale Marchot
- Lab 'Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB)', Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)/Aix-Marseille Univ, Faculté des Sciences - Campus Luminy, Marseille, France.
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183
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R PR, Mukherjee I, Basu T, Bharadwaj LM. Metal Organic Framework steered electrosynthesis of anisotropic gold nanorods for specific sensing of organophosphate pesticides in vegetables collected from the field. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:21719-21733. [PMID: 33094779 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr04480f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The uncontrolled use of organophosphate (OP) group of pesticides has led to their accumulation in food and vegetables, causing major health issues. Hence, the development of a reliable sensor is imperative for the detection of neurotoxic organophosphates (OP). In the present study, we have intertwined the interfaces of a Metal Organic Framework (MOF), MOF-directed rapid electrochemically grown gold nanorods (aAuNR), cysteamine (Cys) functionalization, and the neurotransmitter acetylcholinesterase (AChE) to fabricate a novel electrochemical bioprobe AChE/Cys/aAuNR/MOF/ITO for sensing OP pesticides with an ultra-low detection limit of 3 ng L-1 over a linear range of 30 to 600 ng L-1. Prior to sensing, in silico docking studies were employed for tracking the structural aspects of the molecular recognition of specific OP as potential inhibitors. The sensor can quantify residues of sprayed OP (chlorpyrifos, malathion, parathion, methyl parathion, ethion) in field vegetables (Abelmoschus esculentus, Solanum melongena, Capsicum annuum, Momordica charantia Linn) using a single calibration curve designed using chlorpyrifos, and the results were validated via gas chromatography-electron capture detector (GC-ECD) measurements. The inhibition rate kinetics of structurally different OP (chlorpyrifos, malathion, methyl parathion) were studied via the bioprobe and further validated using the standard Ellman method, confirming the practical applicability of the sensor for the detection of a specific group of OP. The bioprobe AChE/Cys/aAuNR/MOF/ITO offers good stability, specificity, and anti-interference properties for the detection of OP in real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragadeeshwara Rao R
- Amity Centre for Nanomedicine, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201303, India.
| | - Irani Mukherjee
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Tinku Basu
- Amity Centre for Nanomedicine, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201303, India.
| | - Lalit M Bharadwaj
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201303, India
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Santi MD, Arredondo F, Carvalho D, Echeverry C, Prunell G, Peralta MA, Cabrera JL, Ortega MG, Savio E, Abin-Carriquiry JA. Neuroprotective effects of prenylated flavanones isolated from Dalea species, in vitro and in silico studies. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 206:112718. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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185
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Ionophoric polyphenols are permeable to the blood–brain barrier, interact with human serum albumin and Calf Thymus DNA, and inhibit AChE enzymatic activity. Med Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-020-02615-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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186
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Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of anticholinesterase peptides: Fragment-based vs. template-based peptide design. Bioorg Chem 2020; 105:104351. [PMID: 33068814 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has become a substantial global concern. Approved AChE inhibitors have been used for symptomatic treatment of AD. Binding of amyloid β (Aβ) to the peripheral anionic site of AChE facilitates the formation of Aβ plaques. Blocking this proposed protein-protein interaction by inhibition of the peripheral anionic site of AChE, in addition to increasing the level of ACh, reduces the Aβ aggregation and might qualify to slow down the progression of disease besides the palliative treatment. Targeting protein-protein interactions consider as one of the most challenging issues in the realm of drug design in which peptides have potentials to excel in. In the present study, we applied two virtual fragment-based and template-based approaches to design peptidic inhibitors of the PAS of AChE. Based on the in silico studies, high scored peptides p2 (WTWYGYWVW) and p10 (NHRMLTRRY) obtained from fragment-based and template-based design respectively. Regarding in vitro results, p2 (IC50 = 16 ± 3.2 μM) and p10 (IC50 = 23.6 ± 4.9 μM) showed significant AChE inhibitory effects. The molecular mechanism of inhibition studied by Lineweaver-Burk plots was mixed inhibition for both peptides. The in vitro results conformed to the in silico results and showed that both peptides occupied the CAS and PAS of AChE. The comparison of two peptide-design approaches revealed that the fragment-based design had more chemical diversity and showed priority to the template-based design. According to the obtained results, peptidic inhibitors of AChE designed by the proposed fragment-based approach might be more efficient in comparison to traditional approaches.
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187
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Saleem U, Chauhdary Z, Raza Z, Shah S, Rahman MU, Zaib P, Ahmad B. Anti-Parkinson's Activity of Tribulus terrestris via Modulation of AChE, α-Synuclein, TNF-α, and IL-1β. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:25216-25227. [PMID: 33043200 PMCID: PMC7542845 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Tribulus terrestris (T.T.) is a rich source of flavonoids and saponins, which have been reported to have neuroprotective and antioxidant potential. The current study was planned to investigate the anti-Parkinson's activity of T. terrestris methanol extract (TTME). It was hypothesized that TTME possessed antioxidant potential and can ameliorate Parkinson's disease (PD) via modulation of α-synuclein, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), TNF-α, and IL-1β. To test this hypothesis, in silico and in vivo studies were performed. The PD model in rats was prepared by giving haloperidol, 1 mg/kg, i.p. Rats were divided into six groups: control, disease control, standard, and treatment groups receiving TTME orally at 100, 300, and 1000 mg/kg dose levels for 21 days. Behavioral observations and biochemical analyses were done. The TTME modulatory effect on mRNA expression of α-synuclein, AChE, TNF-α, and interleukins in the brain homogenate was estimated by RT-PCR. Compounds detected in HPLC analysis disrupted the catalytic triad of AChE in in silico studies. Behavioral observations showed significant (p < 0.05) improvement in a reversal of catatonia, muscular strength, locomotor functions, stride length, and exploration in a dose-dependent manner (1000 >300 >100 mg/kg) of PD rats. Endogenous antioxidant enzyme levels CAT, SOD, GSH, and GPx were significantly restored at a high dose (p < 0.05) with a notable (p < 0.05) decrease in the MDA level in TTME-treated groups. TTME at a high dose significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the level of acetylcholinesterase. RT-PCR results are showing down-regulation in the mRNA expression levels of IL-1β, α -synuclein, TNF-α, and AChE in TTME-treated groups compared to the disease control group, indicating neuroprotection. It is concluded that TTME has potential to ameliorate the symptoms of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzma Saleem
- Department
of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Zunera Chauhdary
- Department
of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Zohaib Raza
- Department
of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Shah
- Department
of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Mahmood-ur Rahman
- Department
of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government
College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Parwasha Zaib
- Department
of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government
College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Bashir Ahmad
- Riphah
Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore, 54000 Pakistan
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188
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Azman NAN, Alhawarri MB, Rawa MSA, Dianita R, Gazzali AM, Nogawa T, Wahab HA. Potential Anti-Acetylcholinesterase Activity of Cassia timorensis DC. Molecules 2020; 25:E4545. [PMID: 33020403 PMCID: PMC7582324 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Seventeen methanol extracts from different plant parts of five different Cassia species, including C. timorensis, C. grandis, C. fistula, C. spectabilis, and C. alata were screened against acetylcholinesterase (AChE). C. timorensis extracts were found to exhibit the highest inhibition towards AChE whereby the leaf, stem, and flower methanol extracts showed 94-97% inhibition. As far as we are aware, C. timorensis is one of the least explored Cassia spp. for bioactivity. Further fractionation led to the identification of six compounds, isolated for the first time from C. timorensis: 3-methoxyquercetin (1), benzenepropanoic acid (2), 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid (3), β-sitosterol (4), stigmasterol (5), and 1-octadecanol (6). Compound 1 showed moderate inhibition towards AChE (IC50: 83.71 μM), while the other compounds exhibited poor to slightly moderate AChE inhibitory activity. Molecular docking revealed that the methoxy substitution of 1 formed a hydrogen bond with TYR121 at the peripheral anionic site (PAS) and the hydroxyl group at C5 formed a covalent hydrogen bond with ASP72. Additionally, the OH group at the C3' position formed an interaction with the protein at the acyl pocket (PHE288). This possibly explains the activity of 1 in blocking the entry of acetylcholine (ACh, the neurotransmitter), thus impeding the hydrolysis of ACh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Amira Nurul Azman
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Malaysia; (N.A.N.A.); (M.B.A.); (M.S.A.R.); (R.D.)
- USM-RIKEN Centre for Aging Science (URICAS), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Malaysia;
| | - Maram B. Alhawarri
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Malaysia; (N.A.N.A.); (M.B.A.); (M.S.A.R.); (R.D.)
- USM-RIKEN Centre for Aging Science (URICAS), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Malaysia;
| | - Mira Syahfriena Amir Rawa
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Malaysia; (N.A.N.A.); (M.B.A.); (M.S.A.R.); (R.D.)
- USM-RIKEN Centre for Aging Science (URICAS), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Malaysia;
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Centre for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Roza Dianita
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Malaysia; (N.A.N.A.); (M.B.A.); (M.S.A.R.); (R.D.)
| | - Amirah Mohd Gazzali
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Malaysia; (N.A.N.A.); (M.B.A.); (M.S.A.R.); (R.D.)
| | - Toshihiko Nogawa
- USM-RIKEN Centre for Aging Science (URICAS), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Malaysia;
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Centre for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Habibah A. Wahab
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Malaysia; (N.A.N.A.); (M.B.A.); (M.S.A.R.); (R.D.)
- USM-RIKEN Centre for Aging Science (URICAS), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Malaysia;
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189
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Jamir K, Ganguly R, Seshagirirao K. ZCPG, a cysteine protease from Zingiber montanum rhizome exhibits enhanced anti-inflammatory and acetylcholinesterase inhibition potential. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 163:2429-2438. [PMID: 32979448 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A 48 kDa Zingiber montanum cysteine protease glycoprotein (ZCPG) purified previously was studied for anti-inflammatory and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity. The lipoxygenase inhibition by ZCPG was linear, with an IC50 value of 2.25 μM. MTT, LDH, and cell cycle analysis in THP-1 derived macrophages corroborate no significant cytotoxicity at a lower concentration. ZCPG inhibited the production of nitric oxide, reactive oxygen species, and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated THP-1 macrophages. In contrast, an increase in the production of interleukin-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine, was observed. A reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction study further confirmed that ZCPG inhibited the expression of IL-1β, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and TNF-α by suppressing their mRNA transcription and expression in LPS stimulated THP-1 macrophages. Furthermore, the nature of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition by ZCPG is dose-dependent, competitive, and reversible. The AChE inhibitory activity was stable in a broad range of temperatures and pH. In vitro data were further validated by molecular interaction studies with a detailed inspection of the ZCPG probable binding modes in the active sites of AChE that provides the lead to deliver the structural determinants necessary for the activity towards AChE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kizukala Jamir
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India.
| | - Rik Ganguly
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya 793022, India
| | - Kottapalli Seshagirirao
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
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190
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da Silva Mesquita R, Kyrylchuk A, Costa de Oliveira R, Costa Sá IS, Coutinho Borges Camargo G, Soares Pontes G, Moura Araújo da Silva F, Saraiva Nunomura RDC, Grafov A. Alkaloids of Abuta panurensis Eichler: In silico and in vitro study of acetylcholinesterase inhibition, cytotoxic and immunomodulatory activities. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239364. [PMID: 32991579 PMCID: PMC7523975 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products obtained from species of the genus Abuta (Menispermaceae) are known as ethnobotanicals that are attracting increasing attention due to a wide range of their pharmacological properties. In this study, the alkaloids stepharine and 5-N-methylmaytenine were first isolated from branches of Abuta panurensis Eichler, an endemic species from the Amazonian rainforest. Structure of the compounds was elucidated by a combination of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic and MS and HRMS spectrometric techniques. Interaction of the above-mentioned alkaloids with acetylcholinesterase enzyme and interleukins IL-6 and IL-8 was investigated in silico by molecular docking. The molecules under investigation were able to bind effectively with the active sites of the AChE enzyme, IL-6, and IL-8 showing affinity towards the proteins. Along with the theoretical study, acetylcholinesterase enzyme inhibition, cytotoxic, and immunomodulatory activity of the compounds were assessed by in vitro assays. The data obtained in silico corroborate the results of AChE enzyme inhibition, the IC50 values of 61.24μM for stepharine and 19.55μM for 5-N-methylmaytenine were found. The compounds showed cytotoxic activity against two tumor cell lines (K562 and U937) with IC50 values ranging from 11.77 μM to 28.48 μM. The in vitro assays revealed that both alkaloids were non-toxic to Vero and human PBMC cells. As for the immunomodulatory activity, both compounds inhibited the production of IL-6 at similar levels. Stepharine inhibited considerably the production of IL-8 in comparison to 5-N-methylmaytenine, which showed a dose dependent action (inhibitory at the IC50 dose, and stimulatory at the twofold IC50 one). Such a behavior may possibly be explained by different binding modes of the alkaloids to the interleukin structural fragments. Occurrence of the polyamine alkaloid 5-N-methylmaytenine was reported for the first time for the Menispermaceae family, as well as the presence of stepharine in A. panurensis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrii Kyrylchuk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences (NAS), Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Regiane Costa de Oliveira
- Post-Graduate Program in Hematology, University of the State of Amazonas (UEA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | | | | | - Gemilson Soares Pontes
- Post-Graduate Program in Hematology, University of the State of Amazonas (UEA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Felipe Moura Araújo da Silva
- Analytical Center –Multidisciplinary Support Center (CAM), Federal University of Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | | | - Andriy Grafov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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191
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Wu X, An JM, Shang J, Huh E, Qi S, Lee E, Li H, Kim G, Ma H, Oh MS, Kim D, Yoon J. A molecular approach to rationally constructing specific fluorogenic substrates for the detection of acetylcholinesterase activity in live cells, mice brains and tissues. Chem Sci 2020; 11:11285-11292. [PMID: 34094370 PMCID: PMC8162927 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04213g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is an extremely critical hydrolase tightly associated with neurological diseases. Currently, developing specific substrates for imaging AChE activity still remains a great challenge due to the interference from butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and carboxylesterase (CE). Herein, we propose an approach to designing specific substrates for AChE detection by combining dimethylcarbamate choline with a self-immolative scaffold. The representative P10 can effectively eliminate the interference from CE and BChE. The high specificity of P10 has been proved via imaging AChE activity in cells. Moreover, P10 can also be used to successfully map AChE activity in different regions of a normal mouse brain, which may provide important data for AChE evaluation in clinical studies. Such a rational and effective approach can also provide a solid basis for designing probes with different properties to study AChE in biosystems and another way to design specific substrates for other enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University Seoul 03760 Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Min An
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University Seoul 02447 Republic of Korea
| | - Jizhen Shang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Eugene Huh
- Department of Medical Science of Meridian, College of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University Seoul 02447 Republic of Korea
| | - Sujie Qi
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University Seoul 03760 Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhye Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University Seoul 03760 Republic of Korea
| | - Haidong Li
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University Seoul 03760 Republic of Korea
| | - Gyoungmi Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University Seoul 03760 Republic of Korea
| | - Huimin Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Myung Sook Oh
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University Seoul 02447 Republic of Korea
| | - Dokyoung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University Seoul 02447 Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Seoul 02447 Republic of Korea
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University Seoul 03760 Republic of Korea
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192
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Davletshina R, Ivanov A, Shamagsumova R, Evtugyn V, Evtugyn G. Electrochemical Biosensor Based on Polyelectrolyte Complexes with Dendrimer for the Determination of Reversible Inhibitors of Acetylcholinesterase. ANAL LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2020.1821700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Davletshina
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - A. Ivanov
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - R. Shamagsumova
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - V. Evtugyn
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Analytical Microscopy, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - G. Evtugyn
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Chemical Technology Institute of Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation
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193
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Akhoon BA, Choudhary S, Tiwari H, Kumar A, Barik MR, Rathor L, Pandey R, Nargotra A. Discovery of a New Donepezil-like Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor for Targeting Alzheimer’s Disease: Computational Studies with Biological Validation. J Chem Inf Model 2020; 60:4717-4729. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.0c00496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bashir Akhlaq Akhoon
- Discovery Informatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Sushil Choudhary
- Division of PK-PD-Toxicology and Formulation Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Harshita Tiwari
- Discovery Informatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Division of PK-PD-Toxicology and Formulation Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Manas Ranjan Barik
- Discovery Informatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Laxmi Rathor
- Microbial Technology and Nematology Department, CSIR - Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Rakesh Pandey
- Microbial Technology and Nematology Department, CSIR - Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Amit Nargotra
- Discovery Informatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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194
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Sağlık BN, Osmaniye D, Acar Çevik U, Levent S, Kaya Çavuşoğlu B, Özkay Y, Kaplancıklı ZA. Design, Synthesis, and Structure-Activity Relationships of Thiazole Analogs as Anticholinesterase Agents for Alzheimer's Disease. Molecules 2020; 25:E4312. [PMID: 32962239 PMCID: PMC7570694 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dementia is a neurological condition commonly correlated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), and it is seen with many other central nervous system (CNS) disorders. The restricted number of medications is not appropriate to offer enough relief to enhance the quality of life of patients suffering from this symptom; thus, all therapeutic choices should be carefully assessed. In this study, new thiazolylhydrazone derivatives (2a-2l) were designed and synthesized based on the cholinergic hypothesis. Their chemical structures were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS spectrometric techniques. The ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination) parameters of the synthesized compounds were predicted by using QikProp 4.8 software. It was concluded that all compounds presented satisfactory drug-like characteristics. Furthermore, their inhibitory activities against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) in vitro were also tested by modified the Ellman spectrophotometric method. According to the results, all compounds showed a weak inhibitory effect on BChE. On the other hand, most of the compounds (2a, 2b, 2d, 2e, 2g, 2i, and 2j) had a certain AChE inhibitory activity, and the IC50 values of them were calculated as 0.063 ± 0.003, 0.056 ± 0.002, 0.147 ± 0.006, 0.040 ± 0.001, 0.031 ± 0.001, 0.028 ± 0.001, and 0.138 ± 0.005 µM, respectively. Among these derivatives, compound 2i was found to be the most active agent in the series with an IC50 value of 0.028 ± 0.001 µM, which indicated an inhibition profile at a similar rate as the reference drug, donepezil. The potential binding modes of compounds 2a, 2b, 2e, 2g, and 2i with AChE were investigated and compared with each other by the molecular docking studies. The results showed that these compounds were strongly bound up with the AChE enzyme active site with the optimal conformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begüm Nurpelin Sağlık
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey; (B.N.S.); (D.O.); (U.A.Ç.); (S.L.); (Y.Ö.)
- Doping and Narcotic Compounds Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Derya Osmaniye
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey; (B.N.S.); (D.O.); (U.A.Ç.); (S.L.); (Y.Ö.)
- Doping and Narcotic Compounds Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Ulviye Acar Çevik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey; (B.N.S.); (D.O.); (U.A.Ç.); (S.L.); (Y.Ö.)
- Doping and Narcotic Compounds Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Serkan Levent
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey; (B.N.S.); (D.O.); (U.A.Ç.); (S.L.); (Y.Ö.)
- Doping and Narcotic Compounds Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Betül Kaya Çavuşoğlu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, 67600 Zonguldak, Turkey;
| | - Yusuf Özkay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey; (B.N.S.); (D.O.); (U.A.Ç.); (S.L.); (Y.Ö.)
- Doping and Narcotic Compounds Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Zafer Asım Kaplancıklı
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey; (B.N.S.); (D.O.); (U.A.Ç.); (S.L.); (Y.Ö.)
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195
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Scheiner M, Sink A, Spatz P, Endres E, Decker M. Photopharmacology on Acetylcholinesterase: Novel Photoswitchable Inhibitors with Improved Pharmacological Profiles. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202000119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Scheiner
- Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie Julius-Maximilians Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Alexandra Sink
- Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie Julius-Maximilians Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Philipp Spatz
- Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie Julius-Maximilians Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Erik Endres
- Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie Julius-Maximilians Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Michael Decker
- Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie Julius-Maximilians Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
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196
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Le-Nhat-Thuy G, Nguyen Thi N, Pham-The H, Dang Thi TA, Nguyen Thi H, Nguyen Thi TH, Nguyen Hoang S, Nguyen TV. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel quinazoline-triazole hybrid compounds with potential use in Alzheimer’s disease. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127404. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Antioxidant, antiproliferative, and acetylcholinesterase inhibition activity of amino alcohol derivatives from 1,4-naphthoquinone. Med Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-020-02617-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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198
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Merged Tacrine-Based, Multitarget-Directed Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors 2015-Present: Synthesis and Biological Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21175965. [PMID: 32825138 PMCID: PMC7504404 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21175965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase is an important biochemical enzyme in that it controls acetylcholine-mediated neuronal transmission in the central nervous system, contains a unique structure with two binding sites connected by a gorge region, and it has historically been the main pharmacological target for treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Given the large projected increase in Alzheimer's disease cases in the coming decades and its complex, multifactorial nature, new drugs that target multiple aspects of the disease at once are needed. Tacrine, the first acetylcholinesterase inhibitor used clinically but withdrawn due to hepatotoxicity concerns, remains an important starting point in research for the development of multitarget-directed acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. This review highlights tacrine-based, multitarget-directed acetylcholinesterase inhibitors published in the literature since 2015 with a specific focus on merged compounds (i.e., compounds where tacrine and a second pharmacophore show significant overlap in structure). The synthesis of these compounds from readily available starting materials is discussed, along with acetylcholinesterase inhibition data, relative to tacrine, and structure activity relationships. Where applicable, molecular modeling, to elucidate key enzyme-inhibitor interactions, and secondary biological activity is highlighted. Of the numerous compounds identified, there is a subset with promising preliminary screening results, which should inspire further development and future research in this field.
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Nepovimova E, Korabecny J, Hepnarova V, Jun D, Dolezal R, Muckova L, Jost P, Soukup O, Janockova J, Pham NL, Nguyen TD, Valis M, Kuca K. N-alkylated Tacrine Derivatives as Potential Agents in Alzheimer's Disease Therapy. Curr Alzheimer Res 2020; 16:333-343. [PMID: 30873921 DOI: 10.2174/1567205016666190314163942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Based on the prevalence studies, the number of people suffering from dementia will almost double every 20 years, to 65.7 million in 2030 and 115.4 million in 2050, assuming no changes in mortality, effective preventative measures, definitive diagnostic guidelines or curative treatment. From the abovementioned epidemiological data, it is obvious that dementia constitutes a major public health problem not only at present, but unfortunately also in the future. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS Several N-alkylated tacrine (THA) derivatives have already been synthesized by Pomponi et al., in 1997. However, these compounds were tested for their anti-AChE activity using enzyme isolated from Electrophorus electricus. For this reason, we have decided to extend the previously reported series of THA derivatives and consequently test them in the battery of experiments, the results of which have served to more relevant evaluation of these compounds from the perspective of Alzeimer´s disease compared to that published by Pomponi. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION In summary, all compounds of interest effectively inhibited ChEs in vitro. One of the most promising derivatives 8 bearing an N-octyl chain showed 2.5-fold higher AChE inhibitory activity in relation to tacrine. With respect to blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration, it can be claimed that synthesized analogues are presumably able to cross the BBB. From the point of view of hepatotoxicity, selected Nalkylated tacrine derivatives exerted worse results compared to tacrine. However, in vitro results are only illustrative, therefore, only in vivo experiments could determine the real value of selected N-alkylated THA derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,Department of Intensive Medicine and Forensic Studies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Syllabova 19, 703 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Korabecny
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,Biomedical Research Center; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Vendula Hepnarova
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Jun
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,Biomedical Research Center; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Rafael Dolezal
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,Biomedical Research Center; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Lubica Muckova
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Jost
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,Biomedical Research Center; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Soukup
- Biomedical Research Center; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Janockova
- Biomedical Research Center; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ngoc Lam Pham
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Thuy Duong Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Valis
- Biomedical Research Center; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Simkova 870/13, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,Biomedical Research Center; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Bingul M, Ercan S, Boga M. The design of novel 4,6-dimethoxyindole based hydrazide-hydrazones: Molecular modeling, synthesis and anticholinesterase activity. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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