151
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Kahn M. Wnt Signaling in Stem Cells and Cancer Stem Cells: A Tale of Two Coactivators. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2018; 153:209-244. [PMID: 29389517 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Wnt signaling in stem cells plays critical roles in development, normal adult physiology, and disease. In this chapter, we focus on the role of the Wnt signaling pathway in somatic stem cell biology and its critical role in normal tissue homeostasis and cancer. Wnt signaling can both maintain potency and initiate differentiation in somatic stem cells, depending on the cellular and environmental context. Based principally on studies from our lab, we will explain the dichotomous behavior of this signaling pathway in determining stem cell fate decisions, placing special emphasis on the interaction of β-catenin with either of the two highly homologous Kat3 coactivator proteins, CBP and p300. We will also discuss our results, both preclinical and clinical, demonstrating that small molecule modulators of the β-catenin/Kat3 coactivator interaction can be safely utilized to shift the balance between maintenance of potency and initiation of differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kahn
- Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States.
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152
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Girardi F, Le Grand F. Wnt Signaling in Skeletal Muscle Development and Regeneration. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2018; 153:157-179. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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153
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Kovacs D, Migliano E, Muscardin L, Silipo V, Catricalà C, Picardo M, Bellei B. The role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in melanoma epithelial-to-mesenchymal-like switching: evidences from patients-derived cell lines. Oncotarget 2017; 7:43295-43314. [PMID: 27175588 PMCID: PMC5190024 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Deregulations or mutations of WNT/β-catenin signaling have been associated to both tumour formation and progression. However, contradictory results concerning the role of β-catenin in human melanoma address an open question on its oncogenic nature and prognostic value in this tumour. Changes in WNT signaling pathways have been linked to phenotype switching of melanoma cells between a highly proliferative/non-invasive and a slow proliferative/metastatic condition. We used a novel panel of cell lines isolated from melanoma specimens, at initial passages, to investigate phenotype differences related to the levels and activity of WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway. This in vitro cell system revealed a marked heterogeneity that comprises, in some cases, two distinct tumour-derived subpopulations of cells presenting a different activation level and cellular distribution of β-catenin. In cells derived from the same tumor, we demonstrated that the prevalence of LEF1 (high β-catenin expressing cells) or TCF4 (low β-catenin expressing cells) as β-catenin partner for DNA binding, is associated to the expression of two distinct profiles of WNT-responsive genes. Interestingly, melanoma cells expressing relative low level of β-catenin and an invasive markers signature were associated to the TNF-α-induced pro-inflammatory pathway and to the chemotherapy resistance, suggesting that the co-existence of melanoma subpopulations with distinct biological properties could influence the impact of chemo- and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Kovacs
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Emilia Migliano
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Muscardin
- Dermatopathological Laboratory, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Vitaliano Silipo
- Department of Oncologic Dermatology, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Catricalà
- Department of Oncologic Dermatology, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Picardo
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Bellei
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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154
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Secher JO, Ceylan A, Mazzoni G, Mashayekhi K, Li T, Muenthaisong S, Nielsen TT, Li D, Li S, Petkov S, Cirera S, Luo Y, Thombs L, Kadarmideen HN, Dinnyes A, Bolund L, Roelen BAJ, Schmidt M, Callesen H, Hyttel P, Freude KK. Systematic in vitro and in vivo characterization of Leukemia-inhibiting factor- and Fibroblast growth factor-derived porcine induced pluripotent stem cells. Mol Reprod Dev 2017; 84:229-245. [PMID: 28044390 PMCID: PMC6221014 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Derivation and stable maintenance of porcine induced pluripotent stem cells (piPSCs) is challenging. We herein systematically analyzed two piPSC lines, derived by lentiviral transduction and cultured under either leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) or fibroblast growth factor (FGF) conditions, to shed more light on the underlying biological mechanisms of porcine pluripotency. LIF‐derived piPSCs were more successful than their FGF‐derived counterparts in the generation of in vitro chimeras and in teratoma formation. When LIF piPSCs chimeras were transferred into surrogate sows and allowed to develop, only their prescence within the embryonic membranes could be detected. Whole‐transcriptome analysis of the piPSCs and porcine neonatal fibroblasts showed that they clustered together, but apart from the two pluripotent cell populations of early porcine embryos, indicating incomplete reprogramming. Indeed, bioinformatic analysis of the pluripotency‐related gene network of the LIF‐ versus FGF‐derived piPSCs revealed that ZFP42 (REX1) expression was absent in both piPSC‐like cells, whereas it was expressed in the porcine inner cell mass at Day 7/8. A second striking difference was the expression of ATOH1 in piPSC‐like cells, which was absent in the inner cell mass. Moreover, our gene expression analyses plus correlation analyses of known pluripotency genes identified unique relationships between pluripotency genes in the inner cell mass, which are to some extent, in the piPSC‐like cells. This deficiency in downstream gene activation and divergent gene expression may be underlie the inability to derive germ line‐transmitting piPSCs, and provides unique insight into which genes are necessary to achieve fully reprogrammed piPSCs. 84: 229–245, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan O Secher
- Veterinary Reproduction and Obstetrics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Large Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Ahmet Ceylan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ankara University, Department of Histology and Embryology, Diskapi, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gianluca Mazzoni
- Animal Breeding, Quantitative Genetics and Systems Biology Group, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Large Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Kaveh Mashayekhi
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.,BioTalentum Ltd., Gödöllő, Hungary.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Departments of Equine Sciences and Farm Animal Health, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Tong Li
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.,BioTalentum Ltd., Gödöllő, Hungary.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Departments of Equine Sciences and Farm Animal Health, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Suchitra Muenthaisong
- BioTalentum Ltd., Gödöllő, Hungary.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Farm Animal Health, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Troels T Nielsen
- Danish Dementia Research Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dong Li
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Shengting Li
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Stoyan Petkov
- Institute for Farm Animal Genetics (FLI), Neustadt, Germany
| | - Susanna Cirera
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Yonglun Luo
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Lori Thombs
- Department of Statistics, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Haja N Kadarmideen
- Animal Breeding, Quantitative Genetics and Systems Biology Group, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Large Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Andras Dinnyes
- BioTalentum Ltd., Gödöllő, Hungary.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Departments of Equine Sciences and Farm Animal Health, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Molecular Animal Biotechnology Laboratory, Szent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Lars Bolund
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Bernard A J Roelen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Farm Animal Health, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Mette Schmidt
- Veterinary Reproduction and Obstetrics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Large Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Henrik Callesen
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Poul Hyttel
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Kristine K Freude
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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155
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Xiao G, Zhang B, Meng J, Wang J, Xu C, Tang SC, Li X, Zhang J, Liang R, Ren H, Sun X. miR-367 stimulates Wnt cascade activation through degrading FBXW7 in NSCLC stem cells. Cell Cycle 2017; 16:2374-2385. [PMID: 28949784 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1380136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung carcinoma tops the categories of cancer related motility, and has been treated as the main threat to human health. The functions and related mechanism of FBXW7 controlled lung cancer stem cells' signatures is barely unknown, and the miR-367 regulations of FBXW7 via Wnt signaling have not been explored. Cancer stem cells of either ALDH1+ or CD133+ phenotype were found to be referred to advanced stages in patients with NSCLC (non-small cell lung carcinoma). To study the roles of miR-367, we found greater miR-367 level or FBXW7 level was reserved in NSCLC than that of paired adjacent normal tissues, and their upregulations were positively correlated with Wnt signaling activation. On the contrary, increased miR-367 was correlated with Let-7 repression. MiR-367 was related to stronger sphere forming ability in stem cells of NSCLC. We then explored the functions of the endogenous miR-367 in stem-like cells isolated from NSCLC cell lines. In HEK-293 cells, we identified FBXW7 as the direct downstream gene of miR-367, which consequently released the LIN-28 dependent inhibition of suppressive Let-7. Through informatics analysis, miR-367 was predicated to function through Wnt signaling, and decreased Let-7 played the pivotal role to maintain TCF-4/Wnt pathway activity. The reintroduction of FBXW7 abolished the oncogenic stimulation of miR-367 on TCF-4 activity, with Wnt signaling factors depression. In conclusion, our findings demonstrated the oncogenic roles of miR-367 exerting on the self-renewal ability of cancer stem-like cells through degrading the suppressive FBXW7, eventually helping to maintain Wnt signaling activation through a LIN28B/Let-7 dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Xiao
- a Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, The Second Department of Thoracic Surgery , Cancer Center , The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, Shaanxi Province , China
| | - Boxiang Zhang
- a Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, The Second Department of Thoracic Surgery , Cancer Center , The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, Shaanxi Province , China
| | - Jinying Meng
- b Department of Surgery Oncology , The First People's Hospital of Xianyang City , Xianyang, Shaanxi Province , China
| | - Jichang Wang
- c Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, Shaanxi Province , China
| | - Chongwen Xu
- d Department of Otorhinolaryngology , the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, Shaanxi Province , China
| | - Shou-Ching Tang
- e Solid Tumor Clinical Trials , Georgia Cancer Center , Medical College of Georgia , Augusta University , Augusta , Georgia , United States.,f Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital , Tianjin City, Tianjin , China
| | - Xiang Li
- a Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, The Second Department of Thoracic Surgery , Cancer Center , The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, Shaanxi Province , China
| | - Jing Zhang
- a Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, The Second Department of Thoracic Surgery , Cancer Center , The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, Shaanxi Province , China
| | - Rui Liang
- g Department of Hepatobiliary Chest Surgery , Shaanxi Provincial Corps Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Force , Xi'an, Shaanxi Province , China
| | - Hong Ren
- a Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, The Second Department of Thoracic Surgery , Cancer Center , The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, Shaanxi Province , China
| | - Xin Sun
- a Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, The Second Department of Thoracic Surgery , Cancer Center , The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, Shaanxi Province , China
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156
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Lin JW, Wang H. Progress in research of cancer stem cells. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2017; 25:2776-2781. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v25.i31.2776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells are a class of malignant cancer cells characterized by self-renewal, high tumorigenicity, differentiation potential, and drug resistance. They not only retain the characteristics of normal stem cells, but also possess their unique features. The study of cancer stem cells can help us develop new strategies for targeted therapy of cancer. In this paper, we will discuss the definition of cancer stem cells, their surface markers, detection methods, and separation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Wang Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Liuyang People's Hospital, Liuyang Hospital Affiliated to Changsha Medical University, Liuyang 410300, Hunan Province, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Liuyang People's Hospital, Liuyang Hospital Affiliated to Changsha Medical University, Liuyang 410300, Hunan Province, China
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157
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Sreekumar A, Toneff MJ, Toh E, Roarty K, Creighton CJ, Belka GK, Lee DK, Xu J, Chodosh LA, Richards JS, Rosen JM. WNT-Mediated Regulation of FOXO1 Constitutes a Critical Axis Maintaining Pubertal Mammary Stem Cell Homeostasis. Dev Cell 2017; 43:436-448.e6. [PMID: 29103953 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Puberty is characterized by dynamic tissue remodeling in the mammary gland involving ductal elongation, resolution into the mature epithelial bilayer, and lumen formation. To decipher the cellular mechanisms underlying these processes, we studied the fate of putative stem cells, termed cap cells, present in terminal end buds of pubertal mice. Employing a p63CreERT2-based lineage-tracing strategy, we identified a unipotent fate for proliferative cap cells that only generated cells with basal features. Furthermore, we observed that dislocated "cap-in-body" cells underwent apoptosis, which aided lumen formation during ductal development. Basal lineage-specific profiling and genetic loss-of-function experiments revealed a critical role for FOXO transcription factors in mediating these proliferative versus apoptotic fates. Importantly, these studies revealed a mode of WNT signaling-mediated FOXO1 inhibition, potentially mediated through AKT. Together, these data suggest that the WNT pathway confers proliferative and survival advantages on cap cells via regulation of FOXO1 localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amulya Sreekumar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael J Toneff
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Eajer Toh
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kevin Roarty
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chad J Creighton
- Department of Medicine and Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center Division of Biostatistics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - George K Belka
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Dong-Kee Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jianming Xu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lewis A Chodosh
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - JoAnne S Richards
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Rosen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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158
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Andl T, Zhang Y. Reaping Wnt after calming Hippo: Wnt and Hippo signaling cross paths in lung cancer. J Thorac Dis 2017; 9:4174-4179. [PMID: 29268463 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2017.10.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Andl
- Burnett School of Biological Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Yuhang Zhang
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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159
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Veltri A, Lang C, Lien WH. Concise Review: Wnt Signaling Pathways in Skin Development and Epidermal Stem Cells. Stem Cells 2017; 36:22-35. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.2723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Veltri
- de Duve Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Université Catholique de Louvain; Brussels Belgium
| | - Christopher Lang
- de Duve Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Université Catholique de Louvain; Brussels Belgium
| | - Wen-Hui Lien
- de Duve Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Université Catholique de Louvain; Brussels Belgium
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160
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Angiopoietin-like 4 Is a Wnt Signaling Antagonist that Promotes LRP6 Turnover. Dev Cell 2017; 43:71-82.e6. [PMID: 29017031 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2017.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) is a secreted signaling protein that is implicated in cardiovascular disease, metabolic disorder, and cancer. Outside of its role in lipid metabolism, ANGPTL4 signaling remains poorly understood. Here, we identify ANGPTL4 as a Wnt signaling antagonist that binds to syndecans and forms a ternary complex with the Wnt co-receptor Lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6). This protein complex is internalized via clathrin-mediated endocytosis and degraded in lysosomes, leading to attenuation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Angptl4 is expressed in the Spemann organizer of Xenopus embryos and acts as a Wnt antagonist to promote notochord formation and prevent muscle differentiation. This unexpected function of ANGPTL4 invites re-interpretation of its diverse physiological effects in light of Wnt signaling and may open therapeutic avenues for human disease.
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161
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Autocrine hGH stimulates oncogenicity, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer stem cell-like behavior in human colorectal carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:103900-103918. [PMID: 29262609 PMCID: PMC5732775 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor derived human growth hormone (hGH) has been implicated in cancer development and progression. However, the specific functional role of autocrine/paracrine hGH in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains largely to be determined. Herein, we demonstrated a crucial oncogenic role of autocrine hGH in CRC progression. Elevated hGH expression was detected in CRC compared to normal colorectal tissue, and hGH expression in CRC was positively associated with tumor size and lymph node metastasis. Forced expression of hGH stimulated cell proliferation, survival, oncogenicity and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) of CRC cells, and promoted xenograft growth and local invasion in vivo. Autocrine hGH expression in CRC cells stimulated the activation of the ERK1/2 pathway, which in turn resulted in increased transcription of the mesenchymal marker FIBRONECTIN 1 and transcriptional repression of the epithelial marker E-CADHERIN. The autocrine hGH-stimulated increase in CRC cell proliferation, cell survival and EMT was abrogated upon ERK1/2 inhibition. Furthermore, autocrine hGH-stimulated CRC cell migration and invasion was dependent on the ERK1/2-mediated increase in FIBRONECTIN 1 expression and decrease in E-CADHERIN expression. Forced expression of hGH also enhanced CSC-like behavior of CRC cells, as characterized by increased colonosphere formation, ALDH-positive population and CSC marker expression. Autocrine hGH-enhanced cancer stem cell (CSC)-like behavior in CRC cells was also observed to be E-CADHERIN-dependent. Thus, autocrine hGH plays a critical role in CRC progression, and inhibition of hGH could be a promising targeted therapeutic approach to limit disease progression in metastatic CRC patients.
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162
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The addition of celecoxib improves the antitumor effect of cetuximab in colorectal cancer: role of EGFR-RAS-FOXM1-β- catenin signaling axis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:21754-21769. [PMID: 28423516 PMCID: PMC5400621 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we showed that the addition of the COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib improved the antitumor efficacy in colorectal cancer (CRC) of the monoclonal anti-EGFR antibody cetuximab. The addition of celecoxib augmented the efficacy of cetuximab to inhibit cell proliferation and to induce apoptosis in CRC cells. Moreover, the combination of celecoxib and cetuximab was more effective than either treatment alone in reducing the tumor volume in a mouse xenograft model. The combined treatment enhanced the inhibition of EGFR signaling and altered the subcellular distribution of β-catenin. Moreover, knockdown of FOXM1 showed that this transcription factor participates in this enhanced antitumoral response. Besides, the combined treatment decreased β-catenin/FOXM1 interaction and reduced the cancer stem cell subpopulation in CRC cells, as indicated their diminished capacity to form colonospheres. Notably, the inmunodetection of FOXM1 in the nuclei of tumor cells in human colorectal adenocarcinomas was significantly associated with response of patients to cetuximab. In summary, our study shows that the addition of celecoxib enhances the antitumor efficacy of cetuximab in CRC due to impairment of EGFR-RAS-FOXM1-β-catenin signaling axis. Results also support that FOXM1 could be a predictive marker of response of mCRC patients to cetuximab therapy.
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163
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Katoh M. Canonical and non-canonical WNT signaling in cancer stem cells and their niches: Cellular heterogeneity, omics reprogramming, targeted therapy and tumor plasticity (Review). Int J Oncol 2017; 51:1357-1369. [PMID: 29048660 PMCID: PMC5642388 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.4129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs), which have the potential for self-renewal, differentiation and de-differentiation, undergo epigenetic, epithelial-mesenchymal, immunological and metabolic reprogramming to adapt to the tumor microenvironment and survive host defense or therapeutic insults. Intra-tumor heterogeneity and cancer-cell plasticity give rise to therapeutic resistance and recurrence through clonal replacement and reactivation of dormant CSCs, respectively. WNT signaling cascades cross-talk with the FGF, Notch, Hedgehog and TGFβ/BMP signaling cascades and regulate expression of functional CSC markers, such as CD44, CD133 (PROM1), EPCAM and LGR5 (GPR49). Aberrant canonical and non-canonical WNT signaling in human malignancies, including breast, colorectal, gastric, lung, ovary, pancreatic, prostate and uterine cancers, leukemia and melanoma, are involved in CSC survival, bulk-tumor expansion and invasion/metastasis. WNT signaling-targeted therapeutics, such as anti-FZD1/2/5/7/8 monoclonal antibody (mAb) (vantictumab), anti-LGR5 antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) (mAb-mc-vc-PAB-MMAE), anti-PTK7 ADC (PF-06647020), anti-ROR1 mAb (cirmtuzumab), anti-RSPO3 mAb (rosmantuzumab), small-molecule porcupine inhibitors (ETC-159, WNT-C59 and WNT974), tankyrase inhibitors (AZ1366, G007-LK, NVP-TNKS656 and XAV939) and β-catenin inhibitors (BC2059, CWP232228, ICG-001 and PRI-724), are in clinical trials or preclinical studies for the treatment of patients with WNT-driven cancers. WNT signaling-targeted therapeutics are applicable for combination therapy with BCR-ABL, EGFR, FLT3, KIT or RET inhibitors to treat a subset of tyrosine kinase-driven cancers because WNT and tyrosine kinase signaling cascades converge to β-catenin for the maintenance and expansion of CSCs. WNT signaling-targeted therapeutics might also be applicable for combination therapy with immune checkpoint blockers, such as atezolizumab, avelumab, durvalumab, ipilimumab, nivolumab and pembrolizumab, to treat cancers with immune evasion, although the context-dependent effects of WNT signaling on immunity should be carefully assessed. Omics monitoring, such as genome sequencing and transcriptome tests, immunohistochemical analyses on PD-L1 (CD274), PD-1 (PDCD1), ROR1 and nuclear β-catenin and organoid-based drug screening, is necessary to determine the appropriate WNT signaling-targeted therapeutics for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Katoh
- Department of Omics Network, National Cancer Center, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
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164
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Ouyang J, Pan X, Hu Z. The role of aplysia ras homolog I in colon cancer cell invasion and adhesion. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:5193-5199. [PMID: 29201236 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aplysia ras homolog I (ARHI) acts as a tumor suppressor in certain cancer cells. However, the role of ARHI in colon cancer development has not previously been reported. The present study aimed to investigate the functional role of ARHI in colon cancer focusing on the aspect of metastasis. Furthermore, the molecular mechanism underlying its function was explored. The present study detected the expression of ARHI in a human colon epithelial cell line and colon cancer cell lines using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting analysis. It was demonstrated that ARHI expression was significantly downregulated in colon cancer cell lines compared with the normal colon epithelial cell line (P<0.05). An ARHI-pcDNA3.1 plasmid was transfected into HCT116 cells to overexpress ARHI. The number of invaded cells and the adhesive ability were significantly decreased in the ARHI overexpression group compared with the control group, as determined by cell invasion and adhesion assays (P<0.05). Furthermore, ARHI overexpression led to increased mRNA and protein expression levels of E-cadherin, and decreased mRNA and protein expression levels of N-cadherin and vimentin. Wnt/β-catenin signaling was suppressed in HCT116 cells overexpressing ARHI. Lithium chloride, a wnt/β-catenin signaling activator, was able to attenuate the effect of ARHI on HCT116 cell invasion and adhesion. In addition, the effect of ARHI on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in HCT116 cells was reversed by the activation of wnt/β-catenin signaling. In conclusion, the present study provided novel evidence that ARHI could inhibit colon cancer cell invasion and adhesion through suppressing EMT, and these effects were achieved, at least partially, via the suppression of the wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. The present findings may help in developing novel therapeutic approaches for colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ouyang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohui Pan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Zecheng Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
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165
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Mamat N, Dou J, Lu X, Eblimit A, Haji Akber A. Isochlorogenic acid A promotes melanin synthesis in B16 cell through the β-catenin signal pathway. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2017; 49:800-807. [PMID: 28910976 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmx072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Isochlorogenic acid A, also called 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (3,5-diCQA), is a widespread phenolic compound in the plant. Recent studies have shown that it has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. In addition, oxidative stress and inflammation induced by solar ultraviolet radiation is a very significant reason for skin depigmentation. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the effect of 3,5-diCQA on B16 cells and explored its molecular mechanism. Results showed that 3,5-diCQA upregulated intracellular melanin production in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Tyrosinase (TYR) activity was also increased after treatment with 3,5-diCQA in a dose-dependent manner. Expressions of TYR, TYR-related protein1, TYR-related protein2, and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor were upregulated in a dose-dependent manner after 48 h of treatment with 3,5-diCQA. Results also showed that 3,5-diCQA promoted the phosphorylation of Akt at Thr308 and glycogen synthase kinase-3β at Ser 9. Moreover, 3,5-diCQA increased the content of β-catenin in cell cytoplasm and nucleus by reducing the content of phosphorylated β-catenin (p-β-catenin). All these results suggest that 3,5-diCQA may mediate the acceleration of melanin synthesis by the β-catenin signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuramina Mamat
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry of Arid Zone, The Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
- State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Urumqi 830011, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Jun Dou
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry of Arid Zone, The Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
- State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Xueying Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry of Arid Zone, The Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
- State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Aiden Eblimit
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Aisa Haji Akber
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry of Arid Zone, The Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
- State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Urumqi 830011, China
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166
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Katoh M, Katoh M. Molecular genetics and targeted therapy of WNT-related human diseases (Review). Int J Mol Med 2017; 40:587-606. [PMID: 28731148 PMCID: PMC5547940 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Canonical WNT signaling through Frizzled and LRP5/6 receptors is transduced to the WNT/β-catenin and WNT/stabilization of proteins (STOP) signaling cascades to regulate cell fate and proliferation, whereas non-canonical WNT signaling through Frizzled or ROR receptors is transduced to the WNT/planar cell polarity (PCP), WNT/G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) and WNT/receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling cascades to regulate cytoskeletal dynamics and directional cell movement. WNT/β-catenin signaling cascade crosstalks with RTK/SRK and GPCR-cAMP-PKA signaling cascades to regulate β-catenin phosphorylation and β-catenin-dependent transcription. Germline mutations in WNT signaling molecules cause hereditary colorectal cancer, bone diseases, exudative vitreoretinopathy, intellectual disability syndrome and PCP-related diseases. APC or CTNNB1 mutations in colorectal, endometrial and prostate cancers activate the WNT/β-catenin signaling cascade. RNF43, ZNRF3, RSPO2 or RSPO3 alterations in breast, colorectal, gastric, pancreatic and other cancers activate the WNT/β-catenin, WNT/STOP and other WNT signaling cascades. ROR1 upregulation in B-cell leukemia and solid tumors and ROR2 upregulation in melanoma induce invasion, metastasis and therapeutic resistance through Rho-ROCK, Rac-JNK, PI3K-AKT and YAP signaling activation. WNT signaling in cancer, stromal and immune cells dynamically orchestrate immune evasion and antitumor immunity in a cell context-dependent manner. Porcupine (PORCN), RSPO3, WNT2B, FZD5, FZD10, ROR1, tankyrase and β-catenin are targets of anti-WNT signaling therapy, and ETC-159, LGK974, OMP-18R5 (vantictumab), OMP-54F28 (ipafricept), OMP-131R10 (rosmantuzumab), PRI-724 and UC-961 (cirmtuzumab) are in clinical trials for cancer patients. Different classes of anti-WNT signaling therapeutics are necessary for the treatment of APC/CTNNB1-, RNF43/ZNRF3/RSPO2/RSPO3- and ROR1-types of human cancers. By contrast, Dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1), SOST and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) are targets of pro-WNT signaling therapy, and anti-DKK1 (BHQ880 and DKN-01) and anti-SOST (blosozumab, BPS804 and romosozumab) monoclonal antibodies are being tested in clinical trials for cancer patients and osteoporotic post-menopausal women. WNT-targeting therapeutics have also been applied as reagents for in vitro stem-cell processing in the field of regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masaru Katoh
- Department of Omics Network, National Cancer Center, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
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167
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Mah KM, Weiner JA. Regulation of Wnt signaling by protocadherins. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 69:158-171. [PMID: 28774578 PMCID: PMC5586504 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The ∼70 protocadherins comprise the largest group within the cadherin superfamily. Their diversity, the complexity of the mechanisms through which their genes are regulated, and their many critical functions in nervous system development have engendered a growing interest in elucidating the intracellular signaling pathways through which they act. Recently, multiple protocadherins across several subfamilies have been implicated as modulators of Wnt signaling pathways, and through this as potential tumor suppressors. Here, we review the extant data on the regulation by protocadherins of Wnt signaling pathways and components, and highlight some key unanswered questions that could shape future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kar Men Mah
- Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
| | - Joshua A Weiner
- Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Iowa Neuroscience Institute, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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168
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Dadashpour M, Pilehvar-Soltanahmadi Y, Zarghami N, Firouzi-Amandi A, Pourhassan-Moghaddam M, Nouri M. Emerging Importance of Phytochemicals in Regulation of Stem Cells Fate via Signaling Pathways. Phytother Res 2017; 31:1651-1668. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Dadashpour
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
- Stem Cell Research Center; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
- Student Research Committee; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
| | - Younes Pilehvar-Soltanahmadi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
- Stem Cell Research Center; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
| | - Nosratollah Zarghami
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
- Stem Cell Research Center; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Pourhassan-Moghaddam
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
| | - Mohammad Nouri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
- Stem Cell Research Center; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
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169
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Tortelote GG, Reis RR, de Almeida Mendes F, Abreu JG. Complexity of the Wnt/β‑catenin pathway: Searching for an activation model. Cell Signal 2017; 40:30-43. [PMID: 28844868 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Wnt signaling refers to a conserved signaling pathway, widely studied due to its roles in cellular communication, cell fate decisions, development and cancer. However, the exact mechanism underlying inhibition of the GSK phosphorylation towards β-catenin and activation of the pathway after biding of Wnt ligand to its cognate receptors at the plasma membrane remains unclear. Wnt target genes are widely spread over several animal phyla. They participate in a plethora of functions during the development of an organism, from axial specification, gastrulation and organogenesis all the way to regeneration and repair in adults. Temporal and spatial oncogenetic re-activation of Wnt signaling almost certainly leads to cancer. Wnt signaling components have been extensively studied as possible targets in anti-cancer therapies. In this review we will discuss one of the most intriguing questions in this field, that is how β-catenin, a major component in this pathway, escapes the destruction complex, gets stabilized in the cytosol and it is translocated to the nucleus where it acts as a co-transcription factor. Four major models have evolved during the past 20years. We dissected each of them along with current views and future perspectives on this pathway. This review will focus on the molecular mechanisms by which Wnt proteins modulate β-catenin cytoplasmic levels and the relevance of this pathway for the development and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovane G Tortelote
- Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Renata R Reis
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fabio de Almeida Mendes
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jose Garcia Abreu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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170
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Knockdown of IRE1α inhibits colonic tumorigenesis through decreasing β-catenin and IRE1α targeting suppresses colon cancer cells. Oncogene 2017; 36:6738-6746. [PMID: 28825721 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress occurs frequently in cancers. The unfolded protein response (UPR) is activated to cope with ER stress. This has generated widespread interest in targeting UPR as therapeutic strategies. Inositol-requiring transmembrane kinase/endonuclease 1α (IRE1α), an ER stress sensor, is a key component of UPR. However, the role of IRE1α in tumorigenesis remains unclear. The purpose of this work is to investigate the role of IRE1α in colon cancer and to determine whether IRE1α could serve as a target for therapy. We found that knockdown of IRE1α suppressed the proliferation of colon cancer cells in vitro and xenograft growth in vivo. Inhibition of expression of IRE1α decreased stemness of colon cancer stem cells (CSCs) and attenuated growth of intestinal organoids. Genetic ablation of IRE1α prevented the colitis-associated colonic tumorigenesis in mice. The mechanistic study indicates that knockdown of IRE1α repressed the expression of β-catenin, a key factor that drives colonic tumorigenesis, through activating pancreatic ER kinase/eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α signaling. We found that the IRE1a-specific inhibitor 4μ8C could suppress the production of β-catenin, inhibited the proliferation of colon cancer cells, repressed colon CSCs and prevented xenograft growth. The results suggest that IRE1α has a critical role in colonic tumorigenesis and IRE1α targeting might be a strategy for treatment of colon cancers.
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171
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Wang HW, Shi L, Xu YP, Qin XY, Wang QZ. Hesperetin alleviates renal interstitial fibrosis by inhibiting tubular epithelial-mesenchymal transition in vivo and in vitro. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:3713-3719. [PMID: 29042968 PMCID: PMC5639268 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hesperetin (HES) is a flavonoid that has been reported to exert protective effects against cardiac remodeling, lung fibrosis and hepatic fibrosis. However, reports on the effects and potential mechanisms of HES in renal fibrosis are limited. In the present study, a unilateral ureteric obstruction (UUO) mouse model and a transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-activated normal rat kidney (NRK)-52E cell model were established. HES was subsequently administered to these models to evaluate its anti-fibrotic effects and potential underlying mechanisms of action. The results demonstrated that HES reduced obstruction-induced renal injury and deposition of the extracellular matrix components collagen-I and fibronectin in UUO mouse kidneys (P<0.05). Furthermore, HES treatment significantly suppressed EMT, as evidenced by decreased expression of α-smooth muscle actin and E-cadherin, (P<0.05). Additionally, HES inhibited the hedgehog signaling pathway in UUO mice and TGF-β1-treated NRK-52E cells. The present findings indicate that HES treatment may inhibit EMT and renal fibrosis in vivo and in vitro by antagonizing the hedgehog signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Wei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, People's Hospital of Xianfeng County, Xianfeng, Hubei 445600, P.R. China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Ping Xu
- Department of Scientific Research Office, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Xing-Ya Qin
- Department of Orthopedics, People's Hospital of Xianfeng County, Xianfeng, Hubei 445600, P.R. China
| | - Qi-Zhi Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital of Xianfeng County, Xianfeng, Hubei 445600, P.R. China
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172
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Vidaki M, Drees F, Saxena T, Lanslots E, Taliaferro MJ, Tatarakis A, Burge CB, Wang ET, Gertler FB. A Requirement for Mena, an Actin Regulator, in Local mRNA Translation in Developing Neurons. Neuron 2017; 95:608-622.e5. [PMID: 28735747 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
During neuronal development, local mRNA translation is required for axon guidance and synaptogenesis, and dysregulation of this process contributes to multiple neurodevelopmental and cognitive disorders. However, regulation of local protein synthesis in developing axons remains poorly understood. Here, we uncover a novel role for the actin-regulatory protein Mena in the formation of a ribonucleoprotein complex that involves the RNA-binding proteins HnrnpK and PCBP1 and regulates local translation of specific mRNAs in developing axons. We find that translation of dyrk1a, a Down syndrome- and autism spectrum disorders-related gene, is dependent on Mena, both in steady-state conditions and upon BDNF stimulation. We identify hundreds of additional mRNAs that associate with the Mena complex, suggesting that it plays broader role(s) in post-transcriptional gene regulation. Our work establishes a dual role for Mena in neurons, providing a potential link between regulation of actin dynamics and local translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Vidaki
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Frauke Drees
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Tanvi Saxena
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Erwin Lanslots
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Matthew J Taliaferro
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Antonios Tatarakis
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Christopher B Burge
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Eric T Wang
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Frank B Gertler
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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173
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Arun RP, Sivanesan D, Vidyasekar P, Verma RS. PTEN/FOXO3/AKT pathway regulates cell death and mediates morphogenetic differentiation of Colorectal Cancer Cells under Simulated Microgravity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5952. [PMID: 28729699 PMCID: PMC5519599 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06416-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gravity is a major physical factor determining the stress and strain around cells. Both in space experiments and ground simulation, change in gravity impacts the viability and function of various types of cells as well as in vivo conditions. Cancer cells have been shown to die under microgravity. This can be exploited for better understanding of the biology and identification of novel avenues for therapeutic intervention. Here, we described the effect of microgravity simulated using Rotational Cell Culture System-High Aspect Ratio Vessel (RCCS-HARV) on the viability and morphological changes of colorectal cancer cells. We observed DLD1, HCT116 and SW620 cells die through apoptosis under simulated microgravity (SM). Gene expression analysis on DLD1 cells showed upregulation of tumor suppressors PTEN and FOXO3; leading to AKT downregulation and further induction of apoptosis, through upregulation of CDK inhibitors CDKN2B, CDKN2D. SM induced cell clumps had elevated hypoxia and mitochondrial membrane potential that led to adaptive responses like morphogenetic changes, migration and deregulated autophagy, when shifted to normal culture conditions. This can be exploited to understand the three-dimensional (3D) biology of cancer in the aspect of stress response. This study highlights the regulation of cell function and viability under microgravity through PTEN/FOXO3/AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Pranap Arun
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Divya Sivanesan
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | | | - Rama Shanker Verma
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India.
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174
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Dong T, Zhang Z, Zhou W, Zhou X, Geng C, Chang LK, Tian X, Liu S. WNT10A/β-catenin pathway in tumorigenesis of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:1287-1294. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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175
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Tamrin SH, Majedi FS, Tondar M, Sanati-Nezhad A, Hasani-Sadrabadi MM. Electromagnetic Fields and Stem Cell Fate: When Physics Meets Biology. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 171:63-97. [PMID: 27515674 DOI: 10.1007/112_2016_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Controlling stem cell (SC) fate is an extremely important topic in the realm of SC research. A variety of different external cues mainly mechanical, chemical, or electrical stimulations individually or in combination have been incorporated to control SC fate. Here, we will deconstruct the probable relationship between the functioning of electromagnetic (EMF) and SC fate of a variety of different SCs. The electromagnetic (EM) nature of the cells is discussed with the emphasis on the effects of EMF on the determinant factors that directly and/or indirectly influence cell fate. Based on the EM effects on a variety of cellular processes, it is believed that EMFs can be engineered to provide a controlled signal with the highest impact on the SC fate decision. Considering the novelty and broad applications of applying EMFs to change SC fate, it is necessary to shed light on many unclear mechanisms underlying this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Hassanpour Tamrin
- Center of Excellence in Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mahdi Tondar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, School of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Amir Sanati-Nezhad
- BioMEMS and BioInspired Microfluidic Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Center for Bioengineering Research and Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N1N4.
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Hasani-Sadrabadi
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience and G.W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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176
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Abstract
Wnt/β-catenin signaling is highly conserved throughout metazoans, is required for numerous essential events in development, and serves as a stem cell niche signal in many contexts. Misregulation of the pathway is linked to several human pathologies, most notably cancer. Wnt stimulation results in stabilization and nuclear import of β-catenin, which then acts as a transcriptional co-activator. Transcription factors of the T-cell family (TCF) are the best-characterized nuclear binding partners of β-catenin and mediators of Wnt gene regulation. This review provides an update on what is known about the transcriptional activation of Wnt target genes, highlighting recent work that modifies the conventional model. Wnt/β-catenin signaling regulates genes in a highly context-dependent manner, and the role of other signaling pathways and TCF co-factors in this process will be discussed. Understanding Wnt gene regulation has served to elucidate many biological roles of the pathway, and we will use examples from stem cell biology, metabolism, and evolution to illustrate some of the rich Wnt biology that has been uncovered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ken M Cadigan
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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177
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Adenylate kinase hCINAP determines self-renewal of colorectal cancer stem cells by facilitating LDHA phosphorylation. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15308. [PMID: 28516914 PMCID: PMC5454382 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting the specific metabolic phenotypes of colorectal cancer stem cells (CRCSCs) is an innovative therapeutic strategy for colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with poor prognosis and relapse. However, the context-dependent metabolic traits of CRCSCs remain poorly elucidated. Here we report that adenylate kinase hCINAP is overexpressed in CRC tissues. Depletion of hCINAP inhibits invasion, self-renewal, tumorigenesis and chemoresistance of CRCSCs with a loss of mesenchymal signature. Mechanistically, hCINAP binds to the C-terminal domain of LDHA, the key regulator of glycolysis, and depends on its adenylate kinase activity to promote LDHA phosphorylation at tyrosine 10, resulting in the hyperactive Warburg effect and the lower cellular ROS level and conferring metabolic advantage to CRCSC invasion. Moreover, hCINAP expression is positively correlated with the level of Y10-phosphorylated LDHA in CRC patients. This study identifies hCINAP as a potent modulator of metabolic reprogramming in CRCSCs and a promising drug target for CRC invasion and metastasis.
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178
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Chen B, Wang J, Dai D, Zhou Q, Guo X, Tian Z, Huang X, Yang L, Tang H, Xie X. AHNAK suppresses tumour proliferation and invasion by targeting multiple pathways in triple-negative breast cancer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2017; 36:65. [PMID: 28494797 PMCID: PMC5427595 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-017-0522-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background AHNAK, also known as desmoyokin, is a giant protein with the molecular size of approximately 700 kDa and exerts diverse functions in different types of cancer. Results In the present study, we demonstrated that AHNAK mRNA levels were down-regulated in 7 out of 8 human breast cancer cell lines, especially in triple - negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines. Moreover, in patients with TNBC, the expression of AHNAK gene was inversely correlated with the tumor status (P = 0.015), lymph node status (P < 0.001), lymph node (LN) infiltration (P < 0.001) and TNM stage (P < 0.001). Moreover, down-regulated AHNAK expression was considered an independent prognostic factor associated with the poor survival of patients with TNBC. Overexpression of AHNAK in two TNBC cell lines, MDA-MB-231 and BT549, suppressed the in vitro TNBC cell proliferation and colony formation, and inhibited the in vivo TNBC xenograft growth and lung metastasis. The tumor suppressing effect of AHNAK in TNBC was associated with the AKT/MAPK signaling pathway and Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Consistent results were observed when AHNAK was knockdown in BT20 and MDA-MB-435 cells. Conclusions Taken together, our results suggest that AHNAK acts as a tumor suppressor that negatively regulates TNBC cell proliferation, TNBC xenograft growth and metastasis via different signaling pathways. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13046-017-0522-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Chen
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 East Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 East Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Danian Dai
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 East Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyu Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, MD30, Tampa, FL, 33612-4749, USA
| | - Xiaofang Guo
- College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, MD30, Tampa, FL, 33612-4749, USA
| | - Zhi Tian
- College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, MD30, Tampa, FL, 33612-4749, USA
| | - Xiaojia Huang
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 East Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 East Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Hailin Tang
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 East Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoming Xie
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 East Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.
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179
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Yan M, Li G, An J. Discovery of small molecule inhibitors of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by targeting β-catenin/Tcf4 interactions. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2017; 242:1185-1197. [PMID: 28474989 DOI: 10.1177/1535370217708198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway typically shows aberrant activation in various cancer cells, especially colorectal cancer cells. This signaling pathway regulates the expression of a variety of tumor-related proteins, including c-myc and cyclin D1, and plays essential roles in tumorigenesis and in the development of many cancers. Small molecules that block the interactions between β-catenin and Tcf4, a downstream stage of activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, could efficiently cut off this signal transduction and thereby act as a novel class of anticancer drugs. This paper reviews the currently reported inhibitors that target β-catenin/Tcf4 interactions, focusing on the discovery approaches taken in the design of these inhibitors and their bioactivities. A brief perspective is then shared on the future discovery and development of this class of inhibitors. Impact statement This mini-review summarized the current knowledge of inhibitors of interactions of beta-catenin/Tcf4 published to date according to their discovery approaches, and discussed their in vitro and in vivo activities, selectivities, and pharmacokinetic properties. Several reviews presently available now in this field describe modulators of the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway, but are generally focused on the bioactivities of these inhibitors. By contrast, this review focused on the drug discovery approaches taken in identifying these types of inhibitors and provided our perspective on further strategies for future drug discoveries. This review also integrated many recently published and important works on highly selective inhibitors as well as rational drug design. We believe that the findings and strategies summarized in this review have broad implications and will be of interest throughout the biochemical and pharmaceutical research community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maocai Yan
- 1 School of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, Shandong 276800, P. R. China
| | - Guanqun Li
- 2 Upstate Medical University, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Jing An
- 3 Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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180
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Hu F, Xu P, Sun B, Xiao Z. Differences in the MicroRNA profiles of subcutaneous adipose-derived stem cells and omental adipose-derived stem cells. Gene 2017; 625:55-63. [PMID: 28483594 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) isolated from subcutaneous (SC) and omentum (O) share similar characteristics, but the differences in their microRNA profiles are mostly unknown. In this study, besides significant differences in cell morphology and the differentiation ability of the two types of ASCs, the microRNA expression profiles of the cell lines were determined using SOLiD next-generation sequencing. The in-depth analysis found that miR-214, miR-222, miR-181a, miR-26a and miR-23/27/24 clusters and miR-375 act as "markers" to distinguish the different fat deposit-derived ASCs. Additionally, the global miRNA-mRNA interaction differences were revealed, and the results of the GO term enrichment and KEGG pathway in the DAVID tool showed that the molecular function, biological process and signaling pathways showed some different in the two types of ASCs. Our findings provided a clue to a more thorough understanding of the difference between SC-ASCs and O-ASCs and indicate their different potentials for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feihu Hu
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Xu
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bo Sun
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhongdang Xiao
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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181
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Vadde R, Vemula S, Jinka R, Merchant N, Bramhachari PV, Nagaraju GP. Role of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF) in the maintenance of stemness and malignancy of colorectal cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2017; 113:22-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2017.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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182
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Wu XD, Bie QL, Zhang B, Yan ZH, Han ZJ. Wnt10B is critical for the progression of gastric cancer. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:4231-4237. [PMID: 28599424 PMCID: PMC5452953 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The family of Wnt proteins have been implicated in embryogenesis by regulation of cell fate and pattern formation, and also in human carcinogenesis. Wnt10B was previously shown to be involved in breast cancer development. The present study assessed the association of Wnt10B expression in human gastric cancer tissue specimens with clinicopathological data from these patients. Wnt10B expression in the regulation of gastric cancer cell proliferation and migration capacity in vitro was then investigated. The data revealed that Wnt10B mRNA and protein were upregulated in gastric cancer tissue samples and the upregulated Wnt10B mRNA was associated with gastric cancer metastasizing to lymph nodes. Knockdown of Wnt10B expression reduced gastric cancer cell proliferation and migration, as well as expression of a cell proliferation marker Ki67. Knockdown of Wnt10B expression inhibited tumor cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition by upregulation of E-cadherin and downregulation of N-cadherin. In addition, Wnt10B knockdown also suppressed tumor cell stemness by downregulation of octamer-binding transcription factor 4 and Nanog expression. The present data indicated that Wnt10B expression performs an important role in gastric cancer progression in vitro. Therefore, targeting of Wnt10B expression or activity may be investigated as a possible strategy for the control of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dan Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi Second Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214002, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Li Bie
- The Key Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
| | - Zi-He Yan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi Second Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214002, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Jun Han
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi Second Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214002, P.R. China
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183
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Ninsontia C, Phiboonchaiyanan PP, Kiratipaiboon C, Chanvorachote P. Zinc suppresses stem cell properties of lung cancer cells through protein kinase C-mediated β-catenin degradation. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2017; 312:C487-C499. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00173.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Highly tumorigenic cancer stem cells (CSCs) residing in most cancers are responsible for cancer progression and treatment failure. Zinc is an element regulator of several cell functions; however, its role in regulation of stem cell program in lung cancer has not been demonstrated. The present study reveals for the first time that zinc can suppress stem cell properties of lung cancer cells. Such findings were proved in different lung cancer cell lines (H460, H23, and H292) and it was found that CSC markers (CD133 and ALDH1A1), stem cell-associated transcription factors (Oct4, Nanog, and Sox-2), and the ability to form tumor spheroid were dramatically suppressed by zinc treatments. Zinc was found to activate protein kinase C-α (PKCα) that further phosphorylated and mediated β-catenin degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasomal pathway. Zinc was found to increase the β-catenin-ubiquitin complex, which can be inhibited by a specific PKC inhibitor, bisindolylmaleimide I. Using specific reactive oxygen species detection and antioxidants, we have demonstrated that superoxide anions generated by zinc are a key upstream mechanism for PKCα activation leading to the subsequent suppression of stem cell features of lung cancer. Zinc increased cellular superoxide anions and the addition of superoxide anion scavenger prevented the activation of PKCα and β-catenin degradation. These findings indicate a novel role for zinc regulation in the PKCα/β-catenin pathway and explain an important mechanism for controlling of stem cell program in lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanpit Ninsontia
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; and
- Cell-Based Drug and Health Products Development Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Preeyaporn Plaimee Phiboonchaiyanan
- Cell-Based Drug and Health Products Development Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chayanin Kiratipaiboon
- Cell-Based Drug and Health Products Development Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pithi Chanvorachote
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; and
- Cell-Based Drug and Health Products Development Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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184
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Tran FH, Zheng JJ. Modulating the wnt signaling pathway with small molecules. Protein Sci 2017; 26:650-661. [PMID: 28120389 PMCID: PMC5368067 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Wnt signaling is a critical component during embryonic development and also plays an important role in regulating adult tissue homeostasis. Abnormal activation of Wnt signaling has been implicated in many cancers, while reduced activity of Wnt signaling leads to poor wound healing and structural formations. Thus, extensive efforts have been focused on developing small molecules that have potential to either inhibit or activate the pathway, hoping these molecules can offer leads for novel approaches in treating different human diseases. Many small-molecule inhibitors specifically target various elements, such as Frizzled, Disheveled, Porcupine, or Tankyrase, within the Wnt signaling pathways. These small molecules not only have the potential to be further developed as therapeutic reagents, but they may also be used as chemical probes to dissect the underlying mechanism of the Wnt signaling pathways. Therefore, their respective mechanisms and effective dosages are highly pertinent. Aiming to provide an overview of those molecules in a concise, easy-to-use manner, we summarize and organize the current research on them so that it may be helpful for utilization in different studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freddi Huan Tran
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCalifornia90095
| | - Jie J. Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCalifornia90095
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCalifornia90095
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185
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Guo CY, Yan C, Luo L, Goto S, Urata Y, Xu JJ, Wen XM, Kuang YK, Tou FF, Li TS. Enhanced expression of PKM2 associates with the biological properties of cancer stem cells from A549 human lung cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:2161-2166. [PMID: 28259998 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells express the M2 isoform of glycolytic enzyme pyruvate kinase (PKM2) for favoring the survival under a hypoxic condition. Considering the relative low oxygen microenvironment in stem cell niche, we hypothesized that an enhanced PKM2 expression associates with the biological properties of cancer stem cells. We used A549 human lung cancer cell line and surgical resected lung cancer tissue samples from patients for experiments. We confirmed the co-localization of PKM2 and CD44, a popular marker for cancer stem cells in lung cancer tissue samples from patients. The expression of PKM2 was clearly observed in approximately 80% of the A549 human lung cancer cells. Remarkably, enhanced expression of PKM2 was specially observed in these cells that also positively expressed CD44. Downregulation of PKM2 in CD44+ cancer stem cells by siRNA significantly impaired the potency for spheroid formation, decreased the cell survival under fetal bovine serum deprivation and hypoxic conditions, but increased their sensitivity to anti-cancer drug of cisplatin and γ-ray. The enhanced expression of PKM2 seems to associate with the biological properties of cancer stem cells from A549 human lung cancer cells. Selective targeting of PKM2 may provide a new strategy for cancer therapy, especially for patients with therapeutic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Ying Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Chen Yan
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Lan Luo
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Shinji Goto
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Yoshishige Urata
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Jian-Jun Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Ming Wen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330029, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Kang Kuang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330029, P.R. China
| | - Fang-Fang Tou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330029, P.R. China
| | - Tao-Sheng Li
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
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186
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Qin W, Zheng Y, Qian BZ, Zhao M. Prostate Cancer Stem Cells and Nanotechnology: A Focus on Wnt Signaling. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:153. [PMID: 28400729 PMCID: PMC5368180 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among men worldwide. However, current treatments for prostate cancer patients in advanced stage often fail because of relapse. Prostate cancer stem cells (PCSCs) are resistant to most standard therapies, and are considered to be a major mechanism of cancer metastasis and recurrence. In this review, we summarized current understanding of PCSCs and their self-renewal signaling pathways with a specific focus on Wnt signaling. Although multiple Wnt inhibitors have been developed to target PCSCs, their application is still limited by inefficient delivery and toxicity in vivo. Recently, nanotechnology has opened a new avenue for cancer drug delivery, which significantly increases specificity and reduces toxicity. These nanotechnology-based drug delivery methods showed great potential in targeting PCSCs. Here, we summarized current advancement of nanotechnology-based therapeutic strategies for targeting PCSCs and highlighted the challenges and perspectives in designing future therapies to eliminate PCSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qin
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China; Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Yongjiang Zheng
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin-Zhi Qian
- Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre and MRC University of Edinburgh Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh Edinburgh, UK
| | - Meng Zhao
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China; Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China; Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
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187
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De Jaime-Soguero A, Aulicino F, Ertaylan G, Griego A, Cerrato A, Tallam A, del Sol A, Cosma MP, Lluis F. Wnt/Tcf1 pathway restricts embryonic stem cell cycle through activation of the Ink4/Arf locus. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006682. [PMID: 28346462 PMCID: PMC5386305 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms regulating cell cycle, proliferation and potency of pluripotent stem cells guarantees their safe use in the clinic. Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) present a fast cell cycle with a short G1 phase. This is due to the lack of expression of cell cycle inhibitors, which ultimately determines naïve pluripotency by holding back differentiation. The canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway controls mESC pluripotency via the Wnt-effector Tcf3. However, if the activity of the Wnt/β-catenin controls the cell cycle of mESCs remains unknown. Here we show that the Wnt-effector Tcf1 is recruited to and triggers transcription of the Ink4/Arf tumor suppressor locus. Thereby, the activation of the Wnt pathway, a known mitogenic pathway in somatic tissues, restores G1 phase and drastically reduces proliferation of mESCs without perturbing pluripotency. Tcf1, but not Tcf3, is recruited to a palindromic motif enriched in the promoter of cell cycle repressor genes, such as p15Ink4b, p16Ink4a and p19Arf, which mediate the Wnt-dependent anti-proliferative effect in mESCs. Consistently, ablation of β-catenin or Tcf1 expression impairs Wnt-dependent cell cycle regulation. All together, here we showed that Wnt signaling controls mESC pluripotency and proliferation through non-overlapping functions of distinct Tcf factors. Studying how to safely expand stem cells in culture is essential for regenerative medicine applications. Hence there is a clear need to decode how the cell cycle of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) is regulated. Tcf3 and Tcf1 belong to the Tcf family of proteins. Tcf/Lef are effectors of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and Tcf3 controls mESC pluripotency. Here we identified a recruitment site for Tcf1 embedded into a number of cell cycle repressor genes such as p15Ink4b, p16Ink4a and p19Arf. Tcf1-mediated activation of these genes drastically slows down proliferation of mESCs. In conclusion, here we showed that the Wnt pathway, besides controlling mESC pluripotency via Tcf3, also regulates mESC cell cycle through the recruitment of Tcf1 to the regulatory sites of key cell cycle genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anchel De Jaime-Soguero
- KU Leuven Stem Cell Institute, Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Signalling laboratory, Herestraat 49, Onderwijs en Navorsing 4, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Francesco Aulicino
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gokhan Ertaylan
- Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), Maastricht University. Universiteitssingel 60, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Griego
- KU Leuven Stem Cell Institute, Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Signalling laboratory, Herestraat 49, Onderwijs en Navorsing 4, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Aniello Cerrato
- Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale "Gaetano Salvatore", CNR, Napoli, Italy
| | - Aravind Tallam
- TWINCORE, Zentrum für Experimentelle und Klinische Infektionsforschung, Hannover, Germany
| | - Antonio del Sol
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7, Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Maria Pia Cosma
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Dr Aiguader 88, Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail: ;
| | - Frederic Lluis
- KU Leuven Stem Cell Institute, Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Signalling laboratory, Herestraat 49, Onderwijs en Navorsing 4, Leuven, Belgium
- * E-mail: ;
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188
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Lin CM, Chen HH, Lin CA, Wu HC, Sheu JJC, Chen HJ. Apigenin-induced lysosomal degradation of β-catenin in Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Sci Rep 2017; 7:372. [PMID: 28337019 PMCID: PMC5428476 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00409-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The bioflavonoid apigenin has been shown to possess cancer-preventive and anti-cancer activities. In a drug screening, we found that apigenin can inhibit Wnt/β-catenin signaling, a pathway that participates in pivotal biological functions, which dis-regulation results in various human diseases including cancers. However, the underlying mechanism of apigenin in this pathway and its link to anti-cancer activities remain largely unknown. Here we showed that apigenin reduced the amount of total, cytoplasmic, and nuclear β-catenin, leading to the suppression in the β-catenin/TCF-mediated transcriptional activity, the expression of Wnt target genes, and cell proliferation of Wnt-stimulated P19 cells and Wnt-driven colorectal cancer cells. Western blotting and immunofluorescent staining analyses further revealed that apigenin could induce autophagy-mediated down-regulation of β-catenin in treated cells. Treatment with autophagy inhibitors wortmannin and chloroquine compromised this effect, substantiating the involvement of autophagy-lysosomal system on the degradation of β-catenin during Wnt signaling through inhibition of the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Our data not only pointed out a route for the inhibition of canonical Wnt signaling through the induction of autophagy-lysosomal degradation of key player β-catenin, but also suggested that apigenin or other treatments which can initiate this degradation event are potentially used for the therapy of Wnt-related diseases including cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Ming Lin
- Department of Biotechnology, Ming-Chuan University, Taoyuan, 33348, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Han Chen
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chun-An Lin
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chung Wu
- Department of Biotechnology, Ming-Chuan University, Taoyuan, 33348, Taiwan
| | - Jim Jinn-Chyuan Sheu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Jye Chen
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan. .,Department of Nursing, Asia University, Taichung, 40354, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
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189
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Zhang X, Li B, Rezaeian AH, Xu X, Chou PC, Jin G, Han F, Pan BS, Wang CY, Long J, Zhang A, Huang CY, Tsai FJ, Tsai CH, Logothetis C, Lin HK. H3 ubiquitination by NEDD4 regulates H3 acetylation and tumorigenesis. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14799. [PMID: 28300060 PMCID: PMC5357315 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic changes in histone modifications under various physiological cues play important roles in gene transcription and cancer. Identification of new histone marks critical for cancer development is of particular importance. Here we show that, in a glucose-dependent manner, E3 ubiquitin ligase NEDD4 ubiquitinates histone H3 on lysine 23/36/37 residues, which specifically recruits histone acetyltransferase GCN5 for subsequent H3 acetylation. Genome-wide analysis of chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing reveals that NEDD4 regulates glucose-induced H3 K9 acetylation at transcription starting site and enhancer regions. Integrative analysis of ChIP-seq and microarray data sets also reveals a consistent role of NEDD4 in transcription activation and H3 K9 acetylation in response to glucose. Functionally, we show that NEDD4-mediated H3 ubiquitination, by transcriptionally activating IL1α, IL1β and GCLM, is important for tumour sphere formation. Together, our study reveals the mechanism for glucose-induced transcriptome reprograming and epigenetic regulation in cancer by inducing NEDD4-dependent H3 ubiquitination. Histone modifications play important roles in gene transcription and cancer. Here the authors establish a role for the E3 ubiquitin ligase NEDD4 in modifying in a glucose-dependent manner the histone H3, thus regulating the expression of genes involved in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Binkui Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Abdol Hossein Rezaeian
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Xiaohong Xu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Ping-Chieh Chou
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Guoxiang Jin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Fei Han
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Bo-Syong Pan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Chi-Yun Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Jie Long
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Anmei Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| | - Fuu-Jen Tsai
- College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Genetics, Pediatrics and Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Hai Tsai
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.,Center of Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Christopher Logothetis
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Hui-Kuan Lin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
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190
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Valenti G, Quinn HM, Heynen GJJE, Lan L, Holland JD, Vogel R, Wulf-Goldenberg A, Birchmeier W. Cancer Stem Cells Regulate Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts via Activation of Hedgehog Signaling in Mammary Gland Tumors. Cancer Res 2017; 77:2134-2147. [PMID: 28202523 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-3490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Many tumors display intracellular heterogeneity with subsets of cancer stem cells (CSC) that sustain tumor growth, recurrence, and therapy resistance. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) have been shown to support and regulate CSC function. Here, we investigate the interactions between CSCs and CAFs in mammary gland tumors driven by combined activation of Wnt/β-catenin and Hgf/Met signaling in mouse mammary epithelial cells. In this setting, CSCs secrete the Hedgehog ligand SHH, which regulate CAFs via paracrine activation of Hedgehog signaling. CAFs subsequently secrete factors that promote expansion and self-renewal of CSCs. In vivo treatment of tumors with the Hedgehog inhibitor vismodegib reduce CAF and CSC expansion, resulting in an overall delay of tumor formation. Our results identify a novel intracellular signaling module that synergistically regulates CAFs and CSCs. Targeting CAFs with Hedgehog inhibitors may offer a novel therapeutic strategy against breast cancer. Cancer Res; 77(8); 2134-47. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Valenti
- Cancer Research Program, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Society, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hazel M Quinn
- Cancer Research Program, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Society, Berlin, Germany
| | - Guus J J E Heynen
- Cancer Research Program, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Society, Berlin, Germany
| | - Linxiang Lan
- Cancer Research Program, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Society, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jane D Holland
- Cancer Research Program, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Society, Berlin, Germany
| | - Regina Vogel
- Cancer Research Program, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Society, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Walter Birchmeier
- Cancer Research Program, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Society, Berlin, Germany.
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191
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Torquato HFV, Goettert MI, Justo GZ, Paredes-Gamero EJ. Anti-Cancer Phytometabolites Targeting Cancer Stem Cells. Curr Genomics 2017; 18:156-174. [PMID: 28367074 PMCID: PMC5345336 DOI: 10.2174/1389202917666160803162309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Revised: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants are a plentiful source of bioactive molecules with much structural diversity. In cancer treatment, molecules obtained from plants represent an attractive alternative to other treatments because several plant-derived compounds have exhibited lower toxicity and higher selectivity against cancer cells. In this review, we focus on the possible application of bioactive molecules obtained from plants against more primitive cell populations in cancers, cancer stem cells. Cancer stem cells are present in several kinds of tumors and are responsible for recurrences and metastases. Common anti-cancer drugs exhibit lower effectiveness against cancer stem cells because of their biological features. However, recently discovered natural phytometabolites exert cytotoxic effects on this rare population of cells in cancers. Therefore, this review presents the latest research on promising compounds from plants that can act as antitumor drugs and that mainly affect stem cell populations in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heron F V Torquato
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Campus São Paulo), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Márcia I Goettert
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Centro Universitário Univates, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Giselle Z Justo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Campus São Paulo), São Paulo, Brazil;; Departamento de Ciências Biológicas (Campus Diadema), Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edgar J Paredes-Gamero
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Campus São Paulo), São Paulo, Brazil;; Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Bioquímica, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, São Paulo, Brazil
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192
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Pakula H, Xiang D, Li Z. A Tale of Two Signals: AR and WNT in Development and Tumorigenesis of Prostate and Mammary Gland. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:E14. [PMID: 28134791 PMCID: PMC5332937 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9020014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common cancers and among the leading causes of cancer deaths for men in industrialized countries. It has long been recognized that the prostate is an androgen-dependent organ and PCa is an androgen-dependent disease. Androgen action is mediated by the androgen receptor (AR). Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the standard treatment for metastatic PCa. However, almost all advanced PCa cases progress to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) after a period of ADT. A variety of mechanisms of progression from androgen-dependent PCa to CRPC under ADT have been postulated, but it remains largely unclear as to when and how castration resistance arises within prostate tumors. In addition, AR signaling may be modulated by extracellular factors among which are the cysteine-rich glycoproteins WNTs. The WNTs are capable of signaling through several pathways, the best-characterized being the canonical WNT/β-catenin/TCF-mediated canonical pathway. Recent studies from sequencing PCa genomes revealed that CRPC cells frequently harbor mutations in major components of the WNT/β-catenin pathway. Moreover, the finding of an interaction between β-catenin and AR suggests a possible mechanism of cross talk between WNT and androgen/AR signaling pathways. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge of both AR and WNT pathways in prostate development and tumorigenesis, and their interaction during development of CRPC. We also review the possible therapeutic application of drugs that target both AR and WNT/β-catenin pathways. Finally, we extend our review of AR and WNT signaling to the mammary gland system and breast cancer. We highlight that the role of AR signaling and its interaction with WNT signaling in these two hormone-related cancer types are highly context-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Pakula
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Room 466, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Dongxi Xiang
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Room 466, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Zhe Li
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Room 466, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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193
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Dynamical states, possibilities and propagation of stress signal. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40596. [PMID: 28106087 PMCID: PMC5247771 DOI: 10.1038/srep40596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The stress driven dynamics of Notch-Wnt-p53 cross-talk is subjected to a few possible dynamical states governed by simple fractal rules, and allowed to decide its own fate by choosing one of these states which are contributed from long range correlation with varied fluctuations due to active molecular interaction. The topological properties of the networks corresponding to these dynamical states have hierarchical features with assortive structure. The stress signal driven by nutlin and modulated by mediator GSK3 acts as anti-apoptotic signal in this system, whereas, the stress signal driven by Axin and modulated by GSK3 behaves as anti-apoptotic for a certain range of Axin and GSK3 interaction, and beyond which the signal acts as favor-apoptotic signal. However, this stress system prefers to stay in an active dynamical state whose counterpart complex network is closest to hierarchical topology with exhibited roles of few interacting hubs. During the propagation of stress signal, the system allows the propagator pathway to inherit all possible properties of the state to the receiver pathway/pathways with slight modifications, indicating efficient information processing and democratic sharing of responsibilities in the system via cross-talk. The increase in the number of cross-talk pathways in the system favors to establish self-organization.
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194
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Mulligan KA, Cheyette BNR. Neurodevelopmental Perspectives on Wnt Signaling in Psychiatry. MOLECULAR NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2017; 2:219-246. [PMID: 28277568 DOI: 10.1159/000453266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mounting evidence indicates that Wnt signaling is relevant to pathophysiology of diverse mental illnesses including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and autism spectrum disorder. In the 35 years since Wnt ligands were first described, animal studies have richly explored how downstream Wnt signaling pathways affect an array of neurodevelopmental processes and how their disruption can lead to both neurological and behavioral phenotypes. Recently, human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) models have begun to contribute to this literature while pushing it in increasingly translational directions. Simultaneously, large-scale human genomic studies are providing evidence that sequence variation in Wnt signal pathway genes contributes to pathogenesis in several psychiatric disorders. This article reviews neurodevelopmental and postneurodevelopmental functions of Wnt signaling, highlighting mechanisms, whereby its disruption might contribute to psychiatric illness, and then reviews the most reliable recent genetic evidence supporting that mutations in Wnt pathway genes contribute to psychiatric illness. We are proponents of the notion that studies in animal and hiPSC models informed by the human genetic data combined with the deep knowledge base and tool kits generated over the last several decades of basic neurodevelopmental research will yield near-term tangible advances in neuropsychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A Mulligan
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin N R Cheyette
- Department of Psychiatry, Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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195
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Li C, Liu S, Yan R, Han N, Wong KK, Li L. CD54-NOTCH1 axis controls tumor initiation and cancer stem cell functions in human prostate cancer. Theranostics 2017; 7:67-80. [PMID: 28042317 PMCID: PMC5196886 DOI: 10.7150/thno.16752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are considered one of the key contributors to chemoresistance and tumor recurrence. Therefore, the precise identification of reliable CSC markers and clarification of the intracellular signaling involved in CSCs remains a great challenge in fields relating to cancer biology. Here, we implemented a novel chemoresistant prostate cancer patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model in NOD/SCID mice and identified CD54 as a candidate gene among the most highly enriched gene expression profiles in prostate tumors exposed to chronic cisplatin administration. Additional in vitro and in vivo assays showed that CD54 played a critical role in the self-renewal and tumorigenesis of prostate CSCs. Moreover, silencing CD54 greatly reduced the tumorigenesis of prostate cancers both in vitro and in vivo and significantly extended the survival time of tumor-bearing mice in a prostate cancer xenograft model. Dissection of the molecular mechanism revealed that the p38-Notch1 axis was the main downstream signaling pathway in CD54-mediated regulation of CSCs in prostate cancers. Together, these results established that CD54 could be a novel reliable prostate CSC marker and provided a new potential therapeutic target in prostate cancer via CD54-Notch1 signaling.
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196
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Yabut OR, Pleasure SJ. The Crossroads of Neural Stem Cell Development and Tumorigenesis. OPERA MEDICA ET PHYSIOLOGICA 2016; 2:181-187. [PMID: 28795171 DOI: 10.20388/omp2016.003.0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2022]
Abstract
Isolated brain tumors contain cells that exhibit stem cell features and a tissue microenvironment bearing remarkable similarities to the normal neurogenic niche. This supports the idea that neural stem (NSCs) or progenitor cells, and their progeny are the likely tumor cell(s) of origin. This prompted the investigation of the relationship between NSCs/progenitors and the initiation of tumorigenesis. These studies led to the identification of common signaling machineries underlying NSC development and tumor formation, particularly those with known roles in proliferation and cell fate determination. This review will explore the molecular mechanisms that regulate NSC behavior in the neurogenic niche of the forebrain, and how deregulation of the developmental potential of NSCs might contribute to tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odessa R Yabut
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Samuel J Pleasure
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Programs in Neuroscience and Developmental Biology, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, California, USA
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197
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Hammerling U, Bergman Laurila J, Grafström R, Ilbäck NG. Consumption of Red/Processed Meat and Colorectal Carcinoma: Possible Mechanisms Underlying the Significant Association. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2016; 56:614-34. [PMID: 25849747 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2014.972498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiology and experimental studies provide an overwhelming support of the notion that diets high in red or processed meat accompany an elevated risk of developing pre-neoplastic colorectal adenoma and frank colorectal carcinoma (CRC). The underlying mechanisms are disputed; thus several hypotheses have been proposed. A large body of reports converges, however, on haem and nitrosyl haem as major contributors to the CRC development, presumably acting through various mechanisms. Apart from a potentially higher intestinal mutagenic load among consumers on a diet rich in red/processed meat, other mechanisms involving subtle interference with colorectal stem/progenitor cell survival or maturation are likewise at play. From an overarching perspective, suggested candidate mechanisms for red/processed meat-induced CRC appear as three partly overlapping tenets: (i) increased N-nitrosation/oxidative load leading to DNA adducts and lipid peroxidation in the intestinal epithelium, (ii) proliferative stimulation of the epithelium through haem or food-derived metabolites that either act directly or subsequent to conversion, and (iii) higher inflammatory response, which may trigger a wide cascade of pro-malignant processes. In this review, we summarize and discuss major findings of the area in the context of potentially pertinent mechanisms underlying the above-mentioned association between consumption of red/processed meat and increased risk of developing CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf Hammerling
- a Cancer Pharmacology & Computational Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University and Uppsala Academic Hospital , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Jonas Bergman Laurila
- b Sahlgrenska Biobank, Gothia Forum, Sahlgrenska University Hospital , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Roland Grafström
- c Institute of Environmental Medicine, The Karolinska Institute , Stockholm , Sweden.,d Knowledge Intensive Products and Services, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland , Turku , Finland
| | - Nils-Gunnar Ilbäck
- e Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University and Uppsala Academic Hospital , Uppsala , Sweden
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198
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Grossmann AH, Zhao H, Jenkins N, Zhu W, Richards JR, Yoo JH, Winter JM, Rich B, Mleynek TM, Li DY, Odelberg SJ. The small GTPase ARF6 regulates protein trafficking to control cellular function during development and in disease. Small GTPases 2016; 10:1-12. [PMID: 28001501 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2016.1259710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The activation of the small GTPase ARF6 has been implicated in promoting several pathological processes related to vascular instability and tumor formation, growth, and metastasis. ARF6 also plays a vital role during embryonic development. Recent studies have suggested that ARF6 carries out these disparate functions primarily by controlling protein trafficking within the cell. ARF6 helps direct proteins to intracellular or extracellular locations where they function in normal cellular responses during development and in pathological processes later in life. This transport of proteins is accomplished through a variety of mechanisms, including endocytosis and recycling, microvesicle release, and as yet uncharacterized processes. This Commentary will explore the functions of ARF6, while focusing on the role of this small GTPase in development and postnatal physiology, regulating barrier function and diseases associated with its loss, and tumor formation, growth, and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allie H Grossmann
- a Department of Medicine , Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA.,b Department of Pathology , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA.,c ARUP Laboratories, University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA
| | - Helong Zhao
- a Department of Medicine , Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA
| | - Noah Jenkins
- a Department of Medicine , Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA
| | - Weiquan Zhu
- a Department of Medicine , Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA.,d Department of Medicine , Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA
| | - Jackson R Richards
- a Department of Medicine , Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA.,e Department of Oncological Sciences , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA
| | - Jae Hyuk Yoo
- a Department of Medicine , Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA.,e Department of Oncological Sciences , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA
| | - Jacob M Winter
- a Department of Medicine , Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA
| | - Bianca Rich
- a Department of Medicine , Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA
| | - Tara M Mleynek
- a Department of Medicine , Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA
| | - Dean Y Li
- a Department of Medicine , Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA.,d Department of Medicine , Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA.,e Department of Oncological Sciences , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA.,f Department of Human Genetics , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA.,g Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study , Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chengdu , China.,h Department of Cardiology , VA Salt Lake City Health Care System , Salt Lake City , UT , USA.,i Navigen Inc. , Salt Lake City , UT , USA
| | - Shannon J Odelberg
- a Department of Medicine , Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA.,d Department of Medicine , Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA.,j Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA
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199
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Shen Q, Yu W, Fang Y, Yao M, Yang P. Beta-catenin can induce hair follicle stem cell differentiation into transit-amplifying cells through c-myc activation. Tissue Cell 2016; 49:28-34. [PMID: 28049551 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hair follicle stem cells play important roles in maintaining homeostasis and skin tissue self-renewal. Transit-amplifying cells represent the transition of cells from hair follicle stem cells into differentiated epidermal cells. Thus far, the signaling pathway and the molecular biological mechanism that regulate the proliferation and differentiation of hair follicle stem cells remain unclear. In this paper, we studied the relationship between β-catenin and c-myc during the process of the differentiation of hair follicle stem cells into transit-amplifying cells. Based on our results, the expression of β-catenin can activate the nuclear gene c-myc and regulate the expression of transit-amplifying cell markers K15, K19, a6-integrin and β1-integrin, indicating that β-catenin is involved in the transformation process from hair follicle stem cells to transit-amplifying cells and suggesting that β-catenin plays an important biological role in the induction of this differentiation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Shen
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201999, China
| | - Weirong Yu
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201999, China
| | - Yong Fang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201999, China; Institute of Traumatic Medicine, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201999, China
| | - Min Yao
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201999, China; Institute of Traumatic Medicine, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201999, China; Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Penggao Yang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201999, China.
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200
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Ahmad G, Amiji MM. Cancer stem cell-targeted therapeutics and delivery strategies. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2016; 14:997-1008. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2017.1263615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gulzar Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mansoor M. Amiji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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