151
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Innocente G, Patuzzi I, Furlanello T, Di Camillo B, Bargelloni L, Giron MC, Facchin S, Savarino E, Azzolin M, Simionati B. Machine Learning and Canine Chronic Enteropathies: A New Approach to Investigate FMT Effects. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9090502. [PMID: 36136718 PMCID: PMC9505216 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9090502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) represents a very promising approach to decreasing disease activity in canine chronic enteropathies (CE). However, the relationship between remission mechanisms and microbiome changes has not been elucidated yet. The main objective of this study was to report the clinical effects of oral freeze-dried FMT in CE dogs, comparing the fecal microbiomes of three groups: pre-FMT CE-affected dogs, post-FMT dogs, and healthy dogs. Diversity analysis, differential abundance analysis, and machine learning algorithms were applied to investigate the differences in microbiome composition between healthy and pre-FMT samples, while Canine Chronic Enteropathy Clinical Activity Index (CCECAI) changes and microbial diversity metrics were used to evaluate FMT effects. In the healthy/pre-FMT comparison, significant differences were noted in alpha and beta diversity and a list of differentially abundant taxa was identified, while machine learning algorithms predicted sample categories with 0.97 (random forest) and 0.87 (sPLS-DA) accuracy. Clinical signs of improvement were observed in 74% (20/27) of CE-affected dogs, together with a statistically significant decrease in CCECAI (median value from 5 to 2 median). Alpha and beta diversity variations between pre- and post-FMT were observed for each receiver, with a high heterogeneity in the response. This highlighted the necessity for further research on a larger dataset that could identify different healing patterns of microbiome changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Innocente
- Research & Development Division, EuBiome S.r.l., 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Ilaria Patuzzi
- Research & Development Division, EuBiome S.r.l., 35131 Padova, Italy
| | | | - Barbara Di Camillo
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Bargelloni
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science (BCA), University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Maria Cecilia Giron
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Sonia Facchin
- Department of Surgery, Oncological and Gastrointestinal Science, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Edoardo Savarino
- Department of Surgery, Oncological and Gastrointestinal Science, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Mirko Azzolin
- Ospedale Veterinario San Francesco, 31038 Castagnole, Italy
| | - Barbara Simionati
- Research & Development Division, EuBiome S.r.l., 35131 Padova, Italy
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence:
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152
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Zhang F, Zuo T, Wan Y, Xu Z, Cheung C, Li AY, Zhu W, Tang W, Chan PK, Chan FK, Ng SC. Multi-omic analyses identify mucosa bacteria and fecal metabolites associated with weight loss after fecal microbiota transplantation. Innovation (N Y) 2022; 3:100304. [PMID: 36091491 PMCID: PMC9460156 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2022.100304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has shown promising results in animal models of obesity, while results in human studies are inconsistent. We aimed to determine factors associated with weight loss after FMT in nine obese subjects using serial multi-omics analysis of the fecal and mucosal microbiome. The mucosal microbiome, fecal microbiome, and fecal metabolome showed individual clustering in each subject after FMT. The colonic microbiome in patients showed more marked variance after FMT compared with the duodenal microbiome, characterized by an increased relative abundance of Bacteroides. Subjects who lost weight after FMT sustained enrichment of Bifidobacterium bifidum and Alistipes onderdonkii in the duodenal, colonic mucosal, and fecal microbiome and increased levels of phosphopantothenate biosynthesis and fecal metabolite eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), compared with those without weight loss. Fecal levels of amino acid metabolism-associated were positively correlated with the fecal abundance of B. bifidum, and fatty acid metabolism-associated metabolites showed positive correlations with A. onderdonkii. We report for the first time the individualized response of fecal and mucosa microbiome to FMT in obese subjects and highlight that FMT is less capable of shaping the small intestine microbiota. These findings contribute to personalized microbe-based therapies for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Zhang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, LKS Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Tao Zuo
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, LKS Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Yating Wan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, LKS Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Zhilu Xu
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, LKS Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Chunpan Cheung
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, LKS Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Amy Y. Li
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, LKS Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Wenyi Zhu
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, LKS Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Whitney Tang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, LKS Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Paul K.S. Chan
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Center for Gut Microbiota Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Francis K.L. Chan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, LKS Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong 999077, China
- Center for Gut Microbiota Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Siew C. Ng
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, LKS Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong 999077, China
- Center for Gut Microbiota Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Corresponding author
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153
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Roessler J, Leistner DM, Landmesser U, Haghikia A. Modulatory role of gut microbiota in cholesterol and glucose metabolism: Potential implications for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease Atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2022; 359:1-12. [PMID: 36126379 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests an important role of gut microbiota in physiological processes of host metabolism as well as cardiometabolic disease. Recent advances in metagenomic and metabolomic research have led to discoveries of novel pathways in which intestinal microbial metabolism of dietary nutrients is linked to metabolic profiles and cardiovascular disease risk. A number of metaorganismal circuits have been identified by microbiota transplantation studies and experimental models using germ-free rodents. Many of these pathways involve gut microbiota-related bioactive metabolites that impact host metabolism, in particular lipid and glucose homeostasis, partly via specific host receptors. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of how the gut microbiome can impact cardiometabolic phenotypes and provide an overview of recent advances of gut microbiome research. Finally, the potential of modulating intestinal microbiota composition and/or targeting microbiota-related pathways for novel preventive and therapeutic strategies in cardiometabolic and cardiovascular diseases will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann Roessler
- Department of Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - David M Leistner
- Department of Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Center of Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulf Landmesser
- Department of Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Center of Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Arash Haghikia
- Department of Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Center of Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.
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154
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Microbial Tryptophan Metabolism Tunes Host Immunity, Metabolism, and Extraintestinal Disorders. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12090834. [PMID: 36144238 PMCID: PMC9505266 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12090834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The trillions of commensal microorganisms comprising the gut microbiota have received growing attention owing to their impact on host physiology. Recent advances in our understandings of the host–microbiota crosstalk support a pivotal role of microbiota-derived metabolites in various physiological processes, as they serve as messengers in the complex dialogue between commensals and host immune and endocrine cells. In this review, we highlight the importance of tryptophan-derived metabolites in host physiology, and summarize the recent findings on the role of tryptophan catabolites in preserving intestinal homeostasis and fine-tuning immune and metabolic responses. Furthermore, we discuss the latest evidence on the effects of microbial tryptophan catabolites, describe their mechanisms of action, and discuss how perturbations of microbial tryptophan metabolism may affect the course of intestinal and extraintestinal disorders, including inflammatory bowel diseases, metabolic disorders, chronic kidney diseases, and cardiovascular diseases.
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155
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Daoust L, Choi BSY, Agrinier AL, Varin TV, Ouellette A, Mitchell PL, Samson N, Pilon G, Levy E, Desjardins Y, Laplante M, Anhê FF, Houde VP, Marette A. Gnotobiotic mice housing conditions critically influence the phenotype associated with transfer of faecal microbiota in a context of obesity. Gut 2022; 72:896-905. [PMID: 36881441 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-326475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in germ-free (GF) mice is a common approach to study the causal role of the gut microbiota in metabolic diseases. Lack of consideration of housing conditions post-FMT may contribute to study heterogeneity. We compared the impact of two housing strategies on the metabolic outcomes of GF mice colonised by gut microbiota from mice treated with a known gut modulator (cranberry proanthocyanidins (PAC)) or vehicle. DESIGN High-fat high-sucrose diet-fed GF mice underwent FMT-PAC colonisation in sterile individual positive flow ventilated cages under rigorous housing conditions and then maintained for 8 weeks either in the gnotobiotic-axenic sector or in the specific pathogen free (SPF) sector of the same animal facility. RESULTS Unexpectedly, 8 weeks after colonisation, we observed opposing liver phenotypes dependent on the housing environment of mice. Mice housed in the GF sector receiving the PAC gut microbiota showed a significant decrease in liver weight and hepatic triglyceride accumulation compared with control group. Conversely, exacerbated liver steatosis was observed in the FMT-PAC mice housed in the SPF sector. These phenotypic differences were associated with housing-specific profiles of colonising bacterial in the gut and of faecal metabolites. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the housing environment in which gnotobiotic mice are maintained post-FMT strongly influences gut microbiota composition and function and can lead to distinctive phenotypes in recipient mice. Better standardisation of FMT experiments is needed to ensure reproducible and translatable results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Daoust
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Quebec, Québec, Canada.,Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Quebec, Québec, Canada
| | - Béatrice S-Y Choi
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Quebec, Québec, Canada.,Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Quebec, Québec, Canada
| | - Anne-Laure Agrinier
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Quebec, Québec, Canada.,Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Quebec, Québec, Canada
| | - Thibault V Varin
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Quebec, Québec, Canada
| | - Adia Ouellette
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Quebec, Québec, Canada.,Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Quebec, Québec, Canada
| | - Patricia L Mitchell
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Quebec, Québec, Canada.,Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Quebec, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Genevieve Pilon
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Quebec, Québec, Canada.,Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Quebec, Québec, Canada
| | - Emile Levy
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Quebec, Québec, Canada.,CHU Ste-Justine Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yves Desjardins
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Quebec, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Fernando F Anhê
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute and Centre for Metabolsim, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vanessa P Houde
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Quebec, Québec, Canada.,Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Quebec, Québec, Canada
| | - Andre Marette
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Quebec, Québec, Canada .,Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Quebec, Québec, Canada
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156
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Xie C, Zhu X, Xu B, Niu Y, Zhang X, Ma L, Yan X. Integrated analysis of multi-tissues lipidome and gut microbiome reveals microbiota-induced shifts on lipid metabolism in pigs. ANIMAL NUTRITION 2022; 10:280-293. [PMID: 35785254 PMCID: PMC9234070 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2022.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Lipid metabolism is very important for meat quality in pigs. Accumulating evidence shows that gut microbiota can contribute to this physiological process. However, the gut microbiota that function in lipid metabolism and adipogenesis remains unclear. Here, we compared the characteristics of fat deposition and gut microbial community between Laiwu pigs and Duroc × (Landrace × Yorkshire) (DLY) pigs. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was performed to determine the possible impact of gut microbiota on lipid metabolism in pigs. An integrated analysis of the gut microbiome and lipidome of the small intestine, plasma, and liver was conducted to investigate the effects of FMT on host lipid metabolism. The comparative analysis of the gut microbiome showed higher abundance of Bacteroidetes (P = 0.0018) while lower abundance of Firmicutes (P = 0.012) in Laiwu pigs, and the microbial composition can be transferred from Laiwu pigs into DLY pigs. Transmission electron microscope and Oil red-O staining were performed to analyze the effects of FMT on lipid deposition in liver, the main target organ for lipid metabolism. The results showed that FMT significantly increased the number of lipid droplets (P = 0.0035) and lipid accumulation (P = 0.0026) in liver. Furthermore, integrated multi-tissues lipidome analysis demonstrated that the fatty acyls and glycerophospholipids were significantly increased (P < 0.01) in intestine and liver, while glycerolipids and fatty acyls were reduced (P < 0.01) in plasma. In the small intestine, FMT increased (P < 0.01) the relative abundance of polyketides and prenol lipids but reduced (P < 0.01) the saccharolipids. Correlation analysis revealed the potential interactions between microbiota and lipid metabolites. Together, our results indicated that the gut microbiota may regulate the lipid metabolism and enhance the accumulation of lipid droplets in the liver of pigs.
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157
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Letsinger AC, Yang F, Menon R, Little-Letsinger SE, Granados JZ, Breidenbach B, Iyer AR, Padovani TC, Nagel EC, Jayaraman A, Lightfoot JT. Reduced Wheel Running via a High-Fat Diet Is Reversed by a Chow Diet with No Added Benefit from Fecal Microbial Transplants. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2022; 54:1437-1447. [PMID: 35969165 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chronic overfeeding via a high-fat/high-sugar (HFHS) diet decreases wheel running and substantially alters the gut metabolome of C57BL/6J mice. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that fecal microbial transplants can modulate the effect of diet on wheel running. METHODS Singly housed, 6-wk-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed either a grain-based diet (CHOW) or HFHS diet and provided a running wheel for 13 wk. Low-active, HFHS-exposed mice were then either switched to a CHOW diet and given an oral fecal microbial transplant from mice fed the CHOW diet, switched to a CHOW diet and given a sham transplant, or remained on the HFHS diet and given a fecal microbial transplant from mice fed the CHOW diet. Total wheel running, nutrient intake, body composition, fecal microbial composition, fecal metabolite composition, and liver steatosis were measured at various times throughout the study. RESULTS We found that an HFHS diet decreases wheel running activity, increases body fat, and decreases microbial alpha diversity compared with a CHOW diet. Improvements in wheel running, body composition, and microbial alpha diversity were accomplished within 2 wk for mice switched from an HFHS diet to a CHOW diet with no clear evidence of an added benefit from fecal transplants. A fecal transplant from mice fed a CHOW diet without altering diet did not improve wheel running or body composition. Wheel running, body composition, fecal microbial composition, fecal metabolite composition, and liver steatosis percentage were primarily determined by diet. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that diet is a primary mediator of wheel running with no clear effect from fecal microbial transplants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayland C Letsinger
- The Department of Health Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Fang Yang
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Rani Menon
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | | | - Jorge Z Granados
- The Department of Health Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Brianne Breidenbach
- The Department of Health Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Anjushree R Iyer
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | | | - Edward C Nagel
- The Department of Health Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Arul Jayaraman
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - J Timothy Lightfoot
- The Department of Health Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
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158
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Qu Z, Tian P, Yang B, Zhao J, Wang G, Chen W. Fecal microbiota transplantation for diseases: Therapeutic potential, methodology, risk management in clinical practice. Life Sci 2022; 304:120719. [PMID: 35716734 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND More than 95 % of human diseases may be related to the disturbance of gut microbes. As a treatment method that extensively regulates the gut microbes, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has proven to be an effective therapy for some diseases, becoming a topic of interest among clinicians, patients and scientists. AIM To review the latest clinical research results of FMT in the treatment of various diseases and the methodology and risk management in clinical application. METHODS Search PubMed and Web of Science for reliable research results of clinical treatment of FMT within 5-10 years, as well as application guidelines and risk management policies in different regions. RESULTS As a measure of allogeneic/autologous microbiota transplantation, FMT has been used to treat a variety of diseases. By reviewing the clinical studies of FMT in gastrointestinal diseases, metabolic diseases, neurological diseases and malignant tumors, the various mechanisms in the treatment of diseases are summarized. Such as regulation of receptor microbiota composition, specific metabolites, phage function and immune response. In addition, potential risk factors, donor stool screening indicators, recipient self-specificity and possible prognostic marker molecules in the course of FMT treatment were generalized. CONCLUSIONS The potential regulatory mechanisms, risk factors and targets of FMT in gastrointestinal diseases, metabolic diseases, malignancies and neurological diseases were reviewed and proposed. It provides a theoretical basis for the establishment of a standardized treatment system for FMT and a breakthrough in treatment technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Peijun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou 225004, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou 225004, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou 225004, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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159
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Ianiro G, Punčochář M, Karcher N, Porcari S, Armanini F, Asnicar F, Beghini F, Blanco-Míguez A, Cumbo F, Manghi P, Pinto F, Masucci L, Quaranta G, De Giorgi S, Sciumè GD, Bibbò S, Del Chierico F, Putignani L, Sanguinetti M, Gasbarrini A, Valles-Colomer M, Cammarota G, Segata N. Variability of strain engraftment and predictability of microbiome composition after fecal microbiota transplantation across different diseases. Nat Med 2022; 28:1913-1923. [PMID: 36109637 PMCID: PMC9499858 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-022-01964-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is highly effective against recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection and is considered a promising treatment for other microbiome-related disorders, but a comprehensive understanding of microbial engraftment dynamics is lacking, which prevents informed applications of this therapeutic approach. Here, we performed an integrated shotgun metagenomic systematic meta-analysis of new and publicly available stool microbiomes collected from 226 triads of donors, pre-FMT recipients and post-FMT recipients across eight different disease types. By leveraging improved metagenomic strain-profiling to infer strain sharing, we found that recipients with higher donor strain engraftment were more likely to experience clinical success after FMT (P = 0.017) when evaluated across studies. Considering all cohorts, increased engraftment was noted in individuals receiving FMT from multiple routes (for example, both via capsules and colonoscopy during the same treatment) as well as in antibiotic-treated recipients with infectious diseases compared with antibiotic-naïve patients with noncommunicable diseases. Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria species (including Bifidobacteria) displayed higher engraftment than Firmicutes except for six under-characterized Firmicutes species. Cross-dataset machine learning predicted the presence or absence of species in the post-FMT recipient at 0.77 average AUROC in leave-one-dataset-out evaluation, and highlighted the relevance of microbial abundance, prevalence and taxonomy to infer post-FMT species presence. By exploring the dynamics of microbiome engraftment after FMT and their association with clinical variables, our study uncovered species-specific engraftment patterns and presented machine learning models able to predict donors that might optimize post-FMT specific microbiome characteristics for disease-targeted FMT protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Ianiro
- Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | | | | | - Serena Porcari
- Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Fabio Cumbo
- Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Paolo Manghi
- Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | | | - Luca Masucci
- Microbiology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Basic Biotechnological Sciences, Intensivological and Perioperative Clinics, Catholic University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Quaranta
- Microbiology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Basic Biotechnological Sciences, Intensivological and Perioperative Clinics, Catholic University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia De Giorgi
- Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giusi Desirè Sciumè
- Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Bibbò
- Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Del Chierico
- Department of Diagnostic and Laboratory Medicine, Unit of Parasitology and Multimodal Laboratory Medicine Research Area, Unit of Human Microbiome, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenza Putignani
- Department of Diagnostic and Laboratory Medicine, Unit of Parasitology and Multimodal Laboratory Medicine Research Area, Unit of Human Microbiome, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Sanguinetti
- Microbiology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Basic Biotechnological Sciences, Intensivological and Perioperative Clinics, Catholic University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Cammarota
- Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Segata
- Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy.
- IEO, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia IRCSS, Milan, Italy.
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160
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Lin K, Zhu L, Yang L. Gut and obesity/metabolic disease: Focus on microbiota metabolites. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e171. [PMID: 36092861 PMCID: PMC9437302 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is often associated with the risk of chronic inflammation and other metabolic diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. The composition and activity of the gut microbiota play an important role in this process, affecting a range of physiological processes, such as nutrient absorption and energy metabolism. The active gut microbiota can produce a large number of physiologically active substances during the process of intestinal metabolism and reproduction, including short‐chain/long‐chain fatty acids, secondary bile acids, and tryptophan metabolites with beneficial effects on metabolism, as well as negative metabolites, including trimethylamine N‐oxide, delta‐valerobetaine, and imidazole propionate. How gut microbiota specifically affect and participate in metabolic and immune activities, especially the metabolites directly produced by gut microbiota, has attracted extensive attention. So far, some animal and human studies have shown that gut microbiota metabolites are correlated with host obesity, energy metabolism, and inflammation. Some pathways and mechanisms are slowly being discovered. Here, we will focus on the important metabolites of gut microbiota (beneficial and negative), and review their roles and mechanisms in obesity and related metabolic diseases, hoping to provide a new perspective for the treatment and remission of obesity and other metabolic diseases from the perspective of metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Lixin Zhu
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou China
- Department of Colorectal Surgery Sixth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
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161
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Pokrovskaya EV, Zhgun ES, Shestakova EA, Sklyanik IA, Fedushkina IV, Olekhnovich EI, Konanov DN, Kardonsky DA, Kislun YV, Sorokina EA, Zilberman LI, Zaytseva NV, Ilina EN, Govorun VM, Shestakova MV. Feсal microbiota transplantation in the format of complex therapy in obesive siblings: clinical case. DIABETES MELLITUS 2022. [DOI: 10.14341/dm12893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and associated metabolic diseases are often accompanied by changes in the gut microbiota leading to metagenome gene diversity decrease. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is one of the most effective methods for correcting the intestinal microflora. FMT obtained from healthy donors has been proven to be an effective treatment of infections caused by Clostridium difficile. The use of FMT for correction of metabolic disorders is promising, however, data on its application is limited and has contradictory results. In our work, two patients (siblings) presented with obesity grade II and various types of diabetes mellitus (DM): the older brother (44 years old) with diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM 2), a younger brother (39 years old) with diabetes mellitus type 1 (DM 1). Both patients underwent FMT as part of complex antidiabetic therapy. During the course of treatment, a decrease in body weight was noted in both patients (4–5 kg for the first month of observation, then -1–2 kg per month). One year after FMT, a patient with type 2 diabetes showed a decrease in the severity of insulin resistance (IR), measured by the hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp test (initial M-index 2.42 mg/kg*min, after 1 year — 3.83 mg/kg* min) as well as the maintenance of satisfactory carbohydrate metabolism compensation against the diminishing the hypoglycemic therapy. In a patient with DM 1, no significant dynamics of carbohydrate exchange indices, including detected glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), insulin dose and IR were during the observation period. Metagenomic sequencing of stool samples (n = 20) collected from both patients before and within 1 year after FMT showed no significant changes in the taxonomic profile of the microbiota at the level of microbial families. Metabolomic analysis of the composition of feces showed no directed changes in the composition of metabolites after the FMT procedure, the nature of changes within the samples from each patient during the entire study period was random. Thus, FMT had no effect on the course of DM1, but served as a starting point for weight loss and improvement glucose profile in DM2. However, convincing data confirming a causal correlation between FMT and improvement in the course of T2DM have not been obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - E. S. Zhgun
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine
| | | | | | - I. V. Fedushkina
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine
| | | | - D. N. Konanov
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine
| | - D. A. Kardonsky
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine
| | - Yu. V. Kislun
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine
| | - E. A. Sorokina
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine
| | | | | | - E. N. Ilina
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine
| | - V. M. Govorun
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine
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162
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Ecker M, Haller D. Bedeutung des Mikrobioms für Adipositas und Glukosestoffwechsel. GYNAKOLOGISCHE ENDOKRINOLOGIE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10304-022-00467-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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163
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Zhang P. Influence of Foods and Nutrition on the Gut Microbiome and Implications for Intestinal Health. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179588. [PMID: 36076980 PMCID: PMC9455721 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Food components in our diet provide not only necessary nutrients to our body but also substrates for the mutualistic microbial flora in our gastrointestinal tract, termed the gut microbiome. Undigested food components are metabolized to a diverse array of metabolites. Thus, what we eat shapes the structure, composition, and function of the gut microbiome, which interacts with the gut epithelium and mucosal immune system and maintains intestinal homeostasis in a healthy state. Alterations of the gut microbiome are implicated in many diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). There is growing interest in nutritional therapy to target the gut microbiome in IBD. Investigations into dietary effects on the composition changes in the gut microbiome flourished in recent years, but few focused on gut physiology. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding the impacts of major food components and their metabolites on the gut and health consequences, specifically within the GI tract. Additionally, the influence of the diet on the gut microbiome-host immune system interaction in IBD is also discussed. Understanding the influence of the diet on the interaction of the gut microbiome and the host immune system will be useful in developing nutritional strategies to maintain gut health and restore a healthy microbiome in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhang
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun 666303, China
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164
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Lv Q, Li Z, Sui A, Yang X, Han Y, Yao R. The role and mechanisms of gut microbiota in diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy and cardiovascular diseases. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:977187. [PMID: 36060752 PMCID: PMC9433831 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.977187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and T2DM-related complications [such as retinopathy, nephropathy, and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs)] are the most prevalent metabolic diseases. Intriguingly, overwhelming findings have shown a strong association of the gut microbiome with the etiology of these diseases, including the role of aberrant gut bacterial metabolites, increased intestinal permeability, and pathogenic immune function affecting host metabolism. Thus, deciphering the specific microbiota, metabolites, and the related mechanisms to T2DM-related complications by combined analyses of metagenomics and metabolomics data can lead to an innovative strategy for the treatment of these diseases. Accordingly, this review highlights the advanced knowledge about the characteristics of the gut microbiota in T2DM-related complications and how it can be associated with the pathogenesis of these diseases. Also, recent studies providing a new perspective on microbiota-targeted therapies are included.
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165
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He L, Chen R, Zhang B, Zhang S, Khan BA, Zhu D, Wu Z, Xiao C, Chen B, Chen F, Hou K. Fecal microbiota transplantation treatment of autoimmune-mediated type 1 diabetes mellitus. Front Immunol 2022; 13:930872. [PMID: 36032108 PMCID: PMC9414079 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.930872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune-mediated disease characterized by a reduced or absolute lack of insulin secretion and often associated with a range of vascular and neurological complications for which there is a lack of effective treatment other than lifestyle interventions and pharmacological treatments such as insulin injections. Studies have shown that the gut microbiota is involved in mediating the onset and development of many fecal and extrafecal diseases, including autoimmune T1DM. In recent years, many cases of gut microbiota transplantation for diseases of the bowel and beyond have been reported worldwide, and this approach has been shown to be safe and effective. Here, we conducted an experimental treatment study in two adolescent patients diagnosed with autoimmune T1DM for one year. Patients received one to three rounds of normal fecal microbiota transplants (FMT) and were followed for up to 30 weeks. Clinical outcomes were measured, including biochemical indices, medication regimen, and dosage adjustment. Fecal microbiota metagenomic sequencing after transplantation provides a reference for more reasonable and effective microbiota transplantation protocols to treat autoimmune T1DM. Our results suggest that FMT is an effective treatment for autoimmune T1DM. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION http://www.chictr.org.cn, identifier ChiCTR2100045789.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina He
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Longhu People’s Hospital, Shantou, China
- Key Laboratory for Research on Active Ingredients in Natural Medicine of Jiangxi Province, Yichun University, Yichun, China
| | - Rongping Chen
- School of Laboratory Medical and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bangzhou Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Longhu People’s Hospital, Shantou, China
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Barkat Ali Khan
- Drug Delivery and Cosmetics Lab, Good Clinical Practice (GCPS), Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
| | - Dan Zhu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Longhu People’s Hospital, Shantou, China
| | - Zezhen Wu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Longhu People’s Hospital, Shantou, China
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Chuanxing Xiao
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Baolong Chen
- Center for Research and Development, Xiamen Treatgut Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Xiamen, China
| | - Fengwu Chen
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Longhu People’s Hospital, Shantou, China
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Kaijian Hou
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Longhu People’s Hospital, Shantou, China
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
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166
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van der Vossen EWJ, de Goffau MC, Levin E, Nieuwdorp M. Recent insights into the role of microbiome in the pathogenesis of obesity. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2022; 15:17562848221115320. [PMID: 35967920 PMCID: PMC9373125 DOI: 10.1177/17562848221115320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for many chronic diseases and its rising prevalence the last couple of decades is a healthcare concern in many countries. Obesity is a multifactorial problem that is not only limited in its causation by diet and lack of exercise. Genetics but also environmental factors such as the gut microbiome should similarly be taken into account. A plethora of articles have been published, that from various different angles, attempt to disentangle the complex interaction between gut microbiota and obesity. Examples range from the effect of the gut microbiota on the host immune system to the pathophysiological pathways in which microbial-derived metabolites affect obesity. Various discordant gut microbiota findings are a result of this complexity. In this review, in addition to summarizing the classical role of the gut microbiome in the pathogenesis of obesity, we attempt to view both the healthy and obesogenic effects of the gut microbiota as a consequence of the presence or absence of collective guilds/trophic networks. Lastly, we propose avenues and strategies for the future of gut microbiome research concerning obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard W. J. van der Vossen
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine,
Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The
Netherlands
| | - Marcus C. de Goffau
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine,
Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The
Netherlands
| | - Evgeni Levin
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine,
Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The
Netherlands,Horaizon BV, Delft, The Netherlands
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167
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Sun Y, Mehmood A, Battino M, Xiao J, Chen X. Enrichment of Gamma-aminobutyric acid in foods: From conventional methods to innovative technologies. Food Res Int 2022; 162:111801. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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168
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Alcazar M, Escribano J, Ferré N, Closa-Monasterolo R, Selma-Royo M, Feliu A, Castillejo G, Luque V, Closa-Monasterolo R, Escribano J, Luque V, Feliu-Rovira A, Ferré N, Muñoz-Hernando J, Gutiérrez-Marín D, Zaragoza-Jordana M, Gispert-Llauradó M, Rubio-Torrents M, Núñez-Roig M, Alcázar M, Sentís S, Esteve M, Monné-Gelonch R, Basora J, Flores G, Hsu P, Rey-Reñones C, Alegret C, Guillen N, Alegret-Basora C, Ferre R, Arasa F, Alejos A, Diéguez M, Serrano M, Mallafré M, González-Hidalgo R, Braviz L, Resa A, Palacios M, Sabaté A, Simón L, Losilla A, De La Torre S, Rosell L, Adell N, Pérez C, Tudela-Valls C, Caro-Garduño R, Salvadó O, Pedraza A, Conchillo J, Morillo S, Garcia S, Mur E, Paixà S, Tolós S, Martín R, Aguado F, Cabedo J, Quezada L, Domingo M, Ortega M, Garcia R, Romero O, Pérez M, Fernández M, Villalobos M, Ricomà G, Capell E, Bosch M, Donado A, Sanchis F, Boix A, Goñi X, Castilla E, Pinedo M, Supersaxco L, Ferré M, Contreras J, Sanz-Manrique N, Lara A, Rodríguez M, Pineda T, Segura S, Vidal S, Salvat M, Mimbrero G, Albareda A, Guardia J, Gil S, Lopez M, Ruiz-Escusol S, Gallardo S, Machado P, Bocanegra R, Espejo T, Vendrell M, Solé C, Urbano R, Vázquez M, Fernández-Antuña L, Barrio M, Baudoin A, González N, Olivé R, Lara R, Dinu C, Vidal C, González S, Ruiz-Morcillo E, Ainsa M, Vilalta P, Aranda B, Boada A, Balcells E. Gut microbiota is associated with metabolic health in children with obesity. Clin Nutr 2022; 41:1680-1688. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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169
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Koopen A, Witjes J, Wortelboer K, Majait S, Prodan A, Levin E, Herrema H, Winkelmeijer M, Aalvink S, Bergman JJGHM, Havik S, Hartmann B, Levels H, Bergh PO, van Son J, Balvers M, Bastos DM, Stroes E, Groen AK, Henricsson M, Kemper EM, Holst J, Strauch CM, Hazen SL, Bäckhed F, De Vos WM, Nieuwdorp M, Rampanelli E. Duodenal Anaerobutyricum soehngenii infusion stimulates GLP-1 production, ameliorates glycaemic control and beneficially shapes the duodenal transcriptome in metabolic syndrome subjects: a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over study. Gut 2022; 71:1577-1587. [PMID: 34697034 PMCID: PMC9279853 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-323297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although gut dysbiosis is increasingly recognised as a pathophysiological component of metabolic syndrome (MetS), the role and mode of action of specific gut microbes in metabolic health remain elusive. Previously, we identified the commensal butyrogenic Anaerobutyricum soehngenii to be associated with improved insulin sensitivity in subjects with MetS. In this proof-of-concept study, we investigated the potential therapeutic effects of A. soehngenii L2-7 on systemic metabolic responses and duodenal transcriptome profiles in individuals with MetS. DESIGN In this randomised double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over study, 12 male subjects with MetS received duodenal infusions of A. soehngenii/ placebo and underwent duodenal biopsies, mixed meal tests (6 hours postinfusion) and 24-hour continuous glucose monitoring. RESULTS A. soehngenii treatment provoked a markedly increased postprandial excursion of the insulinotropic hormone glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and an elevation of plasma secondary bile acids, which were positively associated with GLP-1 levels. Moreover, A. soehngenii treatment robustly shaped the duodenal expression of 73 genes, with the highest fold induction in the expression of regenerating islet-protein 1B (REG1B)-encoding gene. Strikingly, duodenal REG1B expression positively correlated with GLP-1 levels and negatively correlated with peripheral glucose variability, which was significantly diminished in the 24 hours following A. soehngenii intake. Mechanistically, Reg1B expression is induced upon sensing butyrate or bacterial peptidoglycan. Importantly, A. soehngenii duodenal administration was safe and well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS A single dose of A. soehngenii improves peripheral glycaemic control within 24 hours; it specifically stimulates intestinal GLP-1 production and REG1B expression. Further studies are needed to delineate the specific pathways involved in REG1B induction and function in insulin sensitivity. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NTR-NL6630.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annefleur Koopen
- Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Julia Witjes
- Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Koen Wortelboer
- Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Soumia Majait
- Clinical Pharmacy, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrei Prodan
- Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Evgeni Levin
- Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hilde Herrema
- Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike Winkelmeijer
- Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Steven Aalvink
- Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Stephan Havik
- Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bolette Hartmann
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Kobenhavn, Denmark
| | - Han Levels
- Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Per-Olof Bergh
- Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Gothenburg, Goteborg, Sweden
| | - Jamie van Son
- Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Manon Balvers
- Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Erik Stroes
- Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert K Groen
- Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcus Henricsson
- Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Gothenburg, Goteborg, Sweden
| | | | - Jens Holst
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Kobenhavn, Denmark
| | - Christopher M Strauch
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Stanley L Hazen
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Fredrik Bäckhed
- Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Gothenburg, Goteborg, Sweden
| | - Willem M De Vos
- Human Microbiome Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elena Rampanelli
- Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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170
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Canine Fecal Microbiota Transplantation: Current Application and Possible Mechanisms. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9080396. [PMID: 36006314 PMCID: PMC9413255 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9080396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is an emerging therapeutic option for a variety of diseases, and is characterized as the transfer of fecal microorganisms from a healthy donor into the intestinal tract of a diseased recipient. In human clinics, FMT has been used for treating diseases for decades, with promising results. In recent years, veterinary specialists adapted FMT in canine patients; however, compared to humans, canine FMT is more inclined towards research purposes than practical applications in most cases, due to safety concerns. Therefore, in order to facilitate the application of fecal transplant therapy in dogs, in this paper, we review recent applications of FMT in canine clinical treatments, as well as possible mechanisms that are involved in the process of the therapeutic effect of FMT. More research is needed to explore more effective and safer approaches for conducting FMT in dogs.
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171
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Forlano R, Sivakumar M, Mullish BH, Manousou P. Gut Microbiota—A Future Therapeutic Target for People with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158307. [PMID: 35955434 PMCID: PMC9368436 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents an increasing cause of liver disease, affecting one-third of the population worldwide. Despite many medications being in the pipeline to treat the condition, there is still no pharmaceutical agent licensed to treat the disease. As intestinal bacteria play a crucial role in the pathogenesis and progression of liver damage in patients with NAFLD, it has been suggested that manipulating the microbiome may represent a therapeutical option. In this review, we summarise the latest evidence supporting the manipulation of the intestinal microbiome as a potential therapy for treating liver disease in patients with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Forlano
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London W2 1NY, UK; (R.F.); (B.H.M.)
| | - Mathuri Sivakumar
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
| | - Benjamin H. Mullish
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London W2 1NY, UK; (R.F.); (B.H.M.)
| | - Pinelopi Manousou
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London W2 1NY, UK; (R.F.); (B.H.M.)
- Correspondence:
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172
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Biazzo M, Deidda G. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation as New Therapeutic Avenue for Human Diseases. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11144119. [PMID: 35887883 PMCID: PMC9320118 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11144119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The human body is home to a variety of micro-organisms. Most of these microbial communities reside in the gut and are referred to as gut microbiota. Over the last decades, compelling evidence showed that a number of human pathologies are associated with microbiota dysbiosis, thereby suggesting that the reinstatement of physiological microflora balance and composition might ameliorate the clinical symptoms. Among possible microbiota-targeted interventions, pre/pro-biotics supplementations were shown to provide effective results, but the main limitation remains in the limited microbial species available as probiotics. Differently, fecal microbiota transplantation involves the transplantation of a solution of fecal matter from a donor into the intestinal tract of a recipient in order to directly change the recipient's gut microbial composition aiming to confer a health benefit. Firstly used in the 4th century in traditional Chinese medicine, nowadays, it has been exploited so far to treat recurrent Clostridioides difficile infections, but accumulating data coming from a number of clinical trials clearly indicate that fecal microbiota transplantation may also carry the therapeutic potential for a number of other conditions ranging from gastrointestinal to liver diseases, from cancer to inflammatory, infectious, autoimmune diseases and brain disorders, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. In this review, we will summarize the commonly used preparation and delivery methods, comprehensively review the evidence obtained in clinical trials in different human conditions and discuss the variability in the results and the pivotal importance of donor selection. The final aim is to stimulate discussion and open new therapeutic perspectives among experts in the use of fecal microbiota transplantation not only in Clostridioides difficile infection but as one of the first strategies to be used to ameliorate a number of human conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuele Biazzo
- The BioArte Limited, Life Sciences Park, Triq San Giljan, SGN 3000 San Gwann, Malta;
- SienabioACTIVE, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Gabriele Deidda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-049-827-6125
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173
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Bu F, Yao X, Lu Z, Yuan X, Chen C, Li L, Li Y, Jiang F, Zhu L, Shi G, Chen Y. Pathogenic or Therapeutic: The Mediating Role of Gut Microbiota in Non-Communicable Diseases. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:906349. [PMID: 35873168 PMCID: PMC9301375 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.906349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) lead to 41 million deaths every year and account for 71% of all deaths worldwide. Increasing evidence indicates that gut microbiota disorders are closely linked to the occurrence and development of diseases. The gut microbiota, as a potential transmission medium, could play a key role in the transmission and treatment of diseases. The gut microbiota makes noncommunicable diseases communicable. New methods of the prevention and treatment of these diseases could be further explored through the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yugen Chen
- *Correspondence: Yugen Chen, ; Guoping Shi,
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174
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Thu Thuy Nguyen V, Endres K. Targeting gut microbiota to alleviate neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 188:114418. [PMID: 35787390 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota came into focus within the last years regarding being associated with or even underlying neuropsychiatric diseases. The existence of the gut-brain-axis makes it highly plausible that bacterial metabolites or toxins that escape the intestinal environment or approach the vagal connections towards the brain, exert devastating effects on the central nervous system. In Alzheimer's disease (AD), growing evidence for dysbiotic changes in the gut microbiota is obtained, even though the question for cause or consequence remains open. Nevertheless, using modulation of microbiota to address inflammatory processes seems an attractive therapeutic approach as certain microbial products such as short chain fatty acids have been proven to exert beneficial cognitive effects. In this review, we summarize, contemporary knowledge on neuroinflammation and inflammatory processes within the brain and even more detailed in the gut in AD, try to conclude whom to target regarding human microbial commensals and report on current interventional trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vu Thu Thuy Nguyen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany
| | - Kristina Endres
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany.
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175
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The Gut Microbiome-Brain Crosstalk in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071486. [PMID: 35884791 PMCID: PMC9312830 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut–brain axis (GBA) is a complex interactive network linking the gut to the brain. It involves the bidirectional communication between the gastrointestinal and the central nervous system, mediated by endocrinological, immunological, and neural signals. Perturbations of the GBA have been reported in many neurodegenerative diseases, suggesting a possible role in disease pathogenesis, making it a potential therapeutic target. The gut microbiome is a pivotal component of the GBA, and alterations in its composition have been linked to GBA dysfunction and CNS inflammation and degeneration. The gut microbiome might influence the homeostasis of the central nervous system homeostasis through the modulation of the immune system and, more directly, the production of molecules and metabolites. Small clinical and preclinical trials, in which microbial composition was manipulated using dietary changes, fecal microbiome transplantation, and probiotic supplements, have provided promising outcomes. However, results are not always consistent, and large-scale randomized control trials are lacking. Here, we give an overview of how the gut microbiome influences the GBA and could contribute to disease pathogenesis in neurodegenerative diseases.
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176
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Milenkovic D, Capel F, Combaret L, Comte B, Dardevet D, Evrard B, Guillet C, Monfoulet LE, Pinel A, Polakof S, Pujos-Guillot E, Rémond D, Wittrant Y, Savary-Auzeloux I. Targeting the gut to prevent and counteract metabolic disorders and pathologies during aging. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:11185-11210. [PMID: 35730212 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2089870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Impairment of gut function is one of the explanatory mechanisms of health status decline in elderly population. These impairments involve a decline in gut digestive physiology, metabolism and immune status, and associated to that, changes in composition and function of the microbiota it harbors. Continuous deteriorations are generally associated with the development of systemic dysregulations and ultimately pathologies that can worsen the initial health status of individuals. All these alterations observed at the gut level can then constitute a wide range of potential targets for development of nutritional strategies that can impact gut tissue or associated microbiota pattern. This can be key, in a preventive manner, to limit gut functionality decline, or in a curative way to help maintaining optimum nutrients bioavailability in a context on increased requirements, as frequently observed in pathological situations. The aim of this review is to give an overview on the alterations that can occur in the gut during aging and lead to the development of altered function in other tissues and organs, ultimately leading to the development of pathologies. Subsequently is discussed how nutritional strategies that target gut tissue and gut microbiota can help to avoid or delay the occurrence of aging-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragan Milenkovic
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Frédéric Capel
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Lydie Combaret
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Blandine Comte
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Dominique Dardevet
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bertrand Evrard
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Christelle Guillet
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Alexandre Pinel
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sergio Polakof
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Estelle Pujos-Guillot
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Didier Rémond
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Yohann Wittrant
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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177
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Carneiro PV, Montenegro NDA, Lana A, Amato AA, Santos GM. Lipids from gut microbiota: pursuing a personalized treatment. Trends Mol Med 2022; 28:631-643. [PMID: 35739018 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of microbiome metabolites has enlivened the field of fecal transplantation for therapeutic purposes. However, the transfer of pathogenic living organisms was recently observed to limit its therapeutic potential by increasing the risk of infection. Lipids produced by gut microbiota enter the circulation and control many phenotypic changes associated with microbiota composition. Fecal lipids significantly impact the regulation of several cell signaling pathways, including inflammation. Focusing on these molecules, we review how bioactive gut microbiota-associated lipids affect cellular functioning and clinical outcome. Here, we interrogate whether the gut microbiota can be considered a cutting-edge biotechnological tool for rapid metabolic engineering of meaningful lipids to offer a novel personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela V Carneiro
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brasil
| | | | - Addison Lana
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Angelica A Amato
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brasil
| | - Guilherme M Santos
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brasil.
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178
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Li D, Li Y, Yang S, Lu J, Jin X, Wu M. Diet-gut microbiota-epigenetics in metabolic diseases: From mechanisms to therapeutics. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113290. [PMID: 35724509 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of metabolic diseases, including obesity, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is a severe burden in human society owing to the ensuing high morbidity and mortality. Various factors linked to metabolic disorders, particularly environmental factors (such as diet and gut microbiota) and epigenetic modifications, contribute to the progression of metabolic diseases. Dietary components and habits regulate alterations in gut microbiota; in turn, microbiota-derived metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), are influenced by diet. Interestingly, diet-derived microbial metabolites appear to produce substrates and enzymatic regulators for epigenetic modifications (such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNA expression). Epigenetic changes mediated by microbial metabolites participate in metabolic disorders via alterations in intestinal permeability, immune responses, inflammatory reactions, and insulin resistance. In addition, microbial metabolites can trigger inflammatory immune responses and microbiota dysbiosis by directly binding to G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Hence, diet-gut microbiota-epigenetics may play a role in metabolic diseases. However, their complex relationships with metabolic diseases remain largely unknown and require further investigation. This review aimed to elaborate on the interactions among diet, gut microbiota, and epigenetics to uncover the mechanisms and therapeutics of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Guang'an men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Yujuan Li
- Guang'an men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Shengjie Yang
- Guang'an men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Jing Lu
- Guang'an men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Xiao Jin
- Guang'an men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Min Wu
- Guang'an men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.
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179
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Huang C, Yi P, Zhu M, Zhou W, Zhang B, Yi X, Long H, Zhang G, Wu H, Tsokos GC, Zhao M, Lu Q. Safety and efficacy of fecal microbiota transplantation for treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus: An EXPLORER trial. J Autoimmun 2022; 130:102844. [PMID: 35690527 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2022.102844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Gut microbiota dysbiosis is involved in the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The safety and efficacy of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for the treatment of SLE patients has not been explored. In this 12-week, single-arm pilot clinical trial of oral encapsulated fecal microbiome from healthy donors to patients with active SLE, we aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of FMT in patients with SLE (ChiCTR2000036352). 20 SLE patients with SLEDAI ≥6 were recruited. FMT was administered once a week for three consecutive weeks along with standard treatment and the patients were followed for 12 weeks. Safety was evaluated throughout the trial. The primary endpoint was the SLE Responder Index-4 (SRI-4) at week 12. Microbiome composition, levels of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the gut and of cytokines in the sera were measured along with lymphocyte phenotyping. No serious adverse events were observed after FMT. At week 12, the SRI-4 response rate was 42.12%, and significant reductions in the SLEDAI-2K scores and the level of serum anti-dsDNA antibody were observed compared to baseline. Significant enrichment of SCFAs-producing bacterial taxa and reduction of inflammation-related bacterial taxa were observed, along with increased production of SCFAs in the gut and reduced levels of IL-6 and CD4+ memory/naïve ratio in the peripheral blood. Furthermore, SRI-4 responding patients displayed specific microbiota signatures both before and after FMT. The first clinical trial of FMT in active SLE patients provide supportive evidence that FMT might be a feasible, safe, and potentially effective therapy in SLE patients by modifying the gut microbiome and its metabolic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cancan Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Clinical Medical Research Center of Major Skin Diseases and Skin Health of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Ping Yi
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Clinical Medical Research Center of Major Skin Diseases and Skin Health of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Ming Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Clinical Medical Research Center of Major Skin Diseases and Skin Health of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Wenhui Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Clinical Medical Research Center of Major Skin Diseases and Skin Health of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoqing Yi
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Clinical Medical Research Center of Major Skin Diseases and Skin Health of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Hai Long
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Clinical Medical Research Center of Major Skin Diseases and Skin Health of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Guiying Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Clinical Medical Research Center of Major Skin Diseases and Skin Health of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Haijing Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Clinical Medical Research Center of Major Skin Diseases and Skin Health of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - George C Tsokos
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Clinical Medical Research Center of Major Skin Diseases and Skin Health of Hunan Province, Changsha, China.
| | - Qianjin Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China.
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180
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Jardon KM, Canfora EE, Goossens GH, Blaak EE. Dietary macronutrients and the gut microbiome: a precision nutrition approach to improve cardiometabolic health. Gut 2022; 71:1214-1226. [PMID: 35135841 PMCID: PMC9120404 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-323715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that the gut microbiome is an important regulator of body weight, glucose and lipid metabolism, and inflammatory processes, and may thereby play a key role in the aetiology of obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Interindividual responsiveness to specific dietary interventions may be partially determined by differences in baseline gut microbiota composition and functionality between individuals with distinct metabolic phenotypes. However, the relationship between an individual's diet, gut microbiome and host metabolic phenotype is multidirectional and complex, yielding a challenge for practical implementation of targeted dietary guidelines. In this review, we discuss the latest research describing interactions between dietary composition, the gut microbiome and host metabolism. Furthermore, we describe how this knowledge can be integrated to develop precision-based nutritional strategies to improve bodyweight control and metabolic health in humans. Specifically, we will address that (1) insight in the role of the baseline gut microbial and metabolic phenotype in dietary intervention response may provide leads for precision-based nutritional strategies; that (2) the balance between carbohydrate and protein fermentation by the gut microbiota, as well as the site of fermentation in the colon, seems important determinants of host metabolism; and that (3) 'big data', including multiple omics and advanced modelling, are of undeniable importance in predicting (non-)response to dietary interventions. Clearly, detailed metabolic and microbial phenotyping in humans is necessary to better understand the link between diet, the gut microbiome and host metabolism, which is required to develop targeted dietary strategies and guidelines for different subgroups of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M Jardon
- Human Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands,TiFN, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Emanuel E Canfora
- Human Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs H Goossens
- Human Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen E Blaak
- Human Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands .,TiFN, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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181
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Lee JH, Park JH. Host-microbial interactions in metabolic diseases: from diet to immunity. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY (SEOUL, KOREA) 2022; 60:561-575. [PMID: 35511325 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-022-2087-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that the gut microbiome is an important contributor to metabolic diseases. Alterations in microbial communities are associated with changes in lipid metabolism, glucose homeostasis, intestinal barrier functions, and chronic inflammation, all of which can lead to metabolic disorders. Therefore, the gut microbiome may represent a novel therapeutic target for obesity, type 2 diabetes, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. This review discusses how gut microbes and their products affect metabolic diseases and outlines potential treatment approaches via manipulation of the gut microbiome. Increasing our understanding of the interactions between the gut microbiome and host metabolism may help restore the healthy symbiotic relationship between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Hyung Lee
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Hong Park
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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182
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Metwaly A, Reitmeier S, Haller D. Microbiome risk profiles as biomarkers for inflammatory and metabolic disorders. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 19:383-397. [PMID: 35190727 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-022-00581-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The intestine harbours a complex array of microorganisms collectively known as the gut microbiota. The past two decades have witnessed increasing interest in studying the gut microbiota in health and disease, largely driven by rapid innovation in high-throughput multi-omics technologies. As a result, microbial dysbiosis has been linked to many human pathologies, including type 2 diabetes mellitus and inflammatory bowel disease. Integrated analyses of multi-omics data, including metagenomics and metabolomics along with measurements of host response and cataloguing of bacterial isolates, have identified many bacteria and bacterial products that are correlated with disease. Nevertheless, insight into the mechanisms through which microbes affect intestinal health requires going beyond correlation to causation. Current understanding of the contribution of the gut microbiota to disease causality remains limited, largely owing to the heterogeneity of microbial community structures, interindividual differences in disease evolution and incomplete understanding of the mechanisms that integrate microbiota-derived signals into host signalling pathways. In this Review, we provide a broad insight into the microbiome signatures linked to inflammatory and metabolic disorders, discuss outstanding challenges in this field and propose applications of multi-omics technologies that could lead to an improved mechanistic understanding of microorganism-host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Metwaly
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Sandra Reitmeier
- ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Dirk Haller
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany. .,ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.
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183
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184
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Liu W, Luo Z, Zhou J, Sun B. Gut Microbiota and Antidiabetic Drugs: Perspectives of Personalized Treatment in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:853771. [PMID: 35711668 PMCID: PMC9194476 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.853771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the composition and function of the gut microbiota have been reported in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Emerging studies show that prescribed antidiabetic drugs distort the gut microbiota signature associated with T2DM. Even more importantly, accumulated evidence provides support for the notion that gut microbiota, in turn, mediates the efficacy and safety of antidiabetic drugs. In this review, we highlight the current state-of-the-art knowledge on the crosstalk and interactions between gut microbiota and antidiabetic drugs, including metformin, α-glucosidase inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, traditional Chinese medicines and other antidiabetic drugs, as well as address corresponding microbial-based therapeutics, aiming to provide novel preventative strategies and personalized therapeutic targets in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiying Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiecan Zhou
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Bao Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Bao Sun,
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185
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Srivastava RK, Lutz B, Ruiz de Azua I. The Microbiome and Gut Endocannabinoid System in the Regulation of Stress Responses and Metabolism. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:867267. [PMID: 35634468 PMCID: PMC9130962 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.867267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system, with its receptors and ligands, is present in the gut epithelium and enteroendocrine cells, and is able to modulate brain functions, both indirectly through circulating gut-derived factors and directly through the vagus nerve, finally acting on the brain’s mechanisms regarding metabolism and behavior. The gut endocannabinoid system also regulates gut motility, permeability, and inflammatory responses. Furthermore, microbiota composition has been shown to influence the activity of the endocannabinoid system. This review examines the interaction between microbiota, intestinal endocannabinoid system, metabolism, and stress responses. We hypothesize that the crosstalk between microbiota and intestinal endocannabinoid system has a prominent role in stress-induced changes in the gut-brain axis affecting metabolic and mental health. Inter-individual differences are commonly observed in stress responses, but mechanisms underlying resilience and vulnerability to stress are far from understood. Both gut microbiota and the endocannabinoid system have been implicated in stress resilience. We also discuss interventions targeting the microbiota and the endocannabinoid system to mitigate metabolic and stress-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Kamal Srivastava
- Department of Zoology, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Anuppur, India
- *Correspondence: Raj Kamal Srivastava,
| | - Beat Lutz
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), Mainz, Germany
| | - Inigo Ruiz de Azua
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), Mainz, Germany
- Inigo Ruiz de Azua,
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186
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Coleman MJ, Espino LM, Lebensohn H, Zimkute MV, Yaghooti N, Ling CL, Gross JM, Listwan N, Cano S, Garcia V, Lovato DM, Tigert SL, Jones DR, Gullapalli RR, Rakov NE, Torrazza Perez EG, Castillo EF. Individuals with Metabolic Syndrome Show Altered Fecal Lipidomic Profiles with No Signs of Intestinal Inflammation or Increased Intestinal Permeability. Metabolites 2022; 12:431. [PMID: 35629938 PMCID: PMC9143200 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12050431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a clinical diagnosis where patients exhibit three out of the five risk factors: hypertriglyceridemia, low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, hyperglycemia, elevated blood pressure, or increased abdominal obesity. MetS arises due to dysregulated metabolic pathways that culminate with insulin resistance and put individuals at risk to develop various comorbidities with far-reaching medical consequences such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and cardiovascular disease. As it stands, the exact pathogenesis of MetS as well as the involvement of the gastrointestinal tract in MetS is not fully understood. Our study aimed to evaluate intestinal health in human subjects with MetS. METHODS We examined MetS risk factors in individuals through body measurements and clinical and biochemical blood analysis. To evaluate intestinal health, gut inflammation was measured by fecal calprotectin, intestinal permeability through the lactulose-mannitol test, and utilized fecal metabolomics to examine alterations in the host-microbiota gut metabolism. RESULTS No signs of intestinal inflammation or increased intestinal permeability were observed in the MetS group compared to our control group. However, we found a significant increase in 417 lipid features of the gut lipidome in our MetS cohort. An identified fecal lipid, diacyl-glycerophosphocholine, showed a strong correlation with several MetS risk factors. Although our MetS cohort showed no signs of intestinal inflammation, they presented with increased levels of serum TNFα that also correlated with increasing triglyceride and fecal diacyl-glycerophosphocholine levels and decreasing HDL cholesterol levels. CONCLUSION Taken together, our main results show that MetS subjects showed major alterations in fecal lipid profiles suggesting alterations in the intestinal host-microbiota metabolism that may arise before concrete signs of gut inflammation or intestinal permeability become apparent. Lastly, we posit that fecal metabolomics could serve as a non-invasive, accurate screening method for both MetS and NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia J. Coleman
- University of New Mexico School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (M.J.C.); (L.M.E.); (H.L.)
| | - Luis M. Espino
- University of New Mexico School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (M.J.C.); (L.M.E.); (H.L.)
| | - Hernan Lebensohn
- University of New Mexico School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (M.J.C.); (L.M.E.); (H.L.)
| | - Marija V. Zimkute
- Clinical and Translational Science Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (M.V.Z.); (J.M.G.); (N.L.); (S.C.); (V.G.); (D.M.L.); (S.L.T.)
| | - Negar Yaghooti
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (N.Y.); (C.L.L.); (N.E.R.); (E.G.T.P.)
| | - Christina L. Ling
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (N.Y.); (C.L.L.); (N.E.R.); (E.G.T.P.)
| | - Jessica M. Gross
- Clinical and Translational Science Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (M.V.Z.); (J.M.G.); (N.L.); (S.C.); (V.G.); (D.M.L.); (S.L.T.)
| | - Natalia Listwan
- Clinical and Translational Science Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (M.V.Z.); (J.M.G.); (N.L.); (S.C.); (V.G.); (D.M.L.); (S.L.T.)
| | - Sandra Cano
- Clinical and Translational Science Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (M.V.Z.); (J.M.G.); (N.L.); (S.C.); (V.G.); (D.M.L.); (S.L.T.)
| | - Vanessa Garcia
- Clinical and Translational Science Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (M.V.Z.); (J.M.G.); (N.L.); (S.C.); (V.G.); (D.M.L.); (S.L.T.)
| | - Debbie M. Lovato
- Clinical and Translational Science Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (M.V.Z.); (J.M.G.); (N.L.); (S.C.); (V.G.); (D.M.L.); (S.L.T.)
| | - Susan L. Tigert
- Clinical and Translational Science Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (M.V.Z.); (J.M.G.); (N.L.); (S.C.); (V.G.); (D.M.L.); (S.L.T.)
| | - Drew R. Jones
- Metabolomics Core Resource Laboratory, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA;
| | - Rama R. Gullapalli
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA;
| | - Neal E. Rakov
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (N.Y.); (C.L.L.); (N.E.R.); (E.G.T.P.)
| | - Euriko G. Torrazza Perez
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (N.Y.); (C.L.L.); (N.E.R.); (E.G.T.P.)
| | - Eliseo F. Castillo
- Clinical and Translational Science Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (M.V.Z.); (J.M.G.); (N.L.); (S.C.); (V.G.); (D.M.L.); (S.L.T.)
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (N.Y.); (C.L.L.); (N.E.R.); (E.G.T.P.)
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Gasmi A, Bjørklund G, Mujawdiya PK, Semenova Y, Dosa A, Piscopo S, Pen JJ, Gasmi Benahmed A, Costea DO. Gut microbiota in bariatric surgery. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:9299-9314. [PMID: 35531940 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2067116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbes share a symbiotic relationship with humans and perform several metabolic and physiological functions essential for human survival. It has been established in several scientific studies that obesity and other metabolic complications are always associated with disturbed gut microbiota profile, also called gut dysbiosis. In recent years, bariatric surgery has become a treatment of choice for weight loss, and it forms an important part of obesity management strategies across the globe. Interestingly, bariatric surgery has been shown to alter gut microbiota profile and synthesize short-chain fatty acids by gut microbes. In other words, gut microbes play a crucial role in better clinical outcomes associated with bariatric surgery. In addition, gut microbes are important in reducing weight and lowering the adverse events post-bariatric surgery. Therefore, several prebiotics, probiotics and postbiotics are recommended for patients who underwent bariatric surgery procedures for better clinical outcomes. The present review aims to understand the possible association between gut microbes and bariatric surgery and present scientific evidence showing the beneficial role of gut microbes in improving therapeutic outcomes of bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Gasmi
- Société Francophone de Nutrithérapie et de Nutrigénétique Appliquée, Villeurbanne, France
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Université Claude Bernard, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine (CONEM), Mo i Rana, Norway
| | | | - Yuliya Semenova
- Department of Neurology, Ophthalmology, and ENT, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan
- CONEM Kazakhstan Environmental Health and Safety Research Group, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Salva Piscopo
- Société Francophone de Nutrithérapie et de Nutrigénétique Appliquée, Villeurbanne, France
- Department of Nutritional Research and Development, Nutri-Logics SA, Weiswampach, Luxembourg
| | - Joeri J Pen
- Diabetes Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, UZ Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Nutrition, UZ Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Asma Gasmi Benahmed
- Académie Internationale de Médecine Dentaire Intégrative, Paris, France
- Université Claude Bernard -Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
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188
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Fries CM, Haange SB, Rolle-Kampczyk U, Till A, Lammert M, Grasser L, Medawar E, Dietrich A, Horstmann A, von Bergen M, Fenske WK. Metabolic Profile and Metabolite Analyses in Extreme Weight Responders to Gastric Bypass Surgery. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12050417. [PMID: 35629921 PMCID: PMC9147451 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12050417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery belongs to the most frequently performed surgical therapeutic strategies against adiposity and its comorbidities. However, outcome is limited in a substantial cohort of patients with inadequate primary weight loss or considerable weight regain. In this study, gut microbiota composition and systemically released metabolites were analyzed in a cohort of extreme weight responders after RYGB. Methods: Patients (n = 23) were categorized based on excess weight loss (EWL) at a minimum of two years after RYGB in a good responder (EWL 93 ± 4.3%) or a bad responder group (EWL 19.5 ± 13.3%) for evaluation of differences in metabolic outcome, eating behavior and gut microbiota taxonomy and metabolic activity. Results: Mean BMI was 47.2 ± 6.4 kg/m2 in the bad vs. 26.6 ± 1.2 kg/m2 in the good responder group (p = 0.0001). We found no difference in hunger and satiety sensation, in fasting or postprandial gut hormone release, or in gut microbiota composition between both groups. Differences in weight loss did not reflect in metabolic outcome after RYGB. While fecal and circulating metabolite analyses showed higher levels of propionate (p = 0.0001) in good and valerate (p = 0.04) in bad responders, respectively, conjugated primary and secondary bile acids were higher in good responders in the fasted (p = 0.03) and postprandial state (GCA, p = 0.02; GCDCA, p = 0.02; TCA, p = 0.01; TCDCA, p = 0.02; GDCA, p = 0.05; GUDCA, p = 0.04; TLCA, p = 0.04). Conclusions: Heterogenous weight loss response to RYGB surgery separates from patients’ metabolic outcome, and is linked to unique serum metabolite signatures post intervention. These findings suggest that the level of adiposity reduction alone is insufficient to assess the metabolic success of RYGB surgery, and that longitudinal metabolite profiling may eventually help us to identify markers that could predict individual adiposity response to surgery and guide patient selection and counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte M. Fries
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (A.T.); (W.K.F.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Sven-Bastiaan Haange
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH-UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (S.-B.H.); (U.R.-K.); (M.v.B.)
| | - Ulrike Rolle-Kampczyk
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH-UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (S.-B.H.); (U.R.-K.); (M.v.B.)
| | - Andreas Till
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (A.T.); (W.K.F.)
| | - Mathis Lammert
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstraße 1a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (M.L.); (L.G.); (E.M.); (A.H.)
| | - Linda Grasser
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstraße 1a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (M.L.); (L.G.); (E.M.); (A.H.)
| | - Evelyn Medawar
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstraße 1a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (M.L.); (L.G.); (E.M.); (A.H.)
| | - Arne Dietrich
- Department of Visceral and Metabolic Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstraße 18, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Annette Horstmann
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstraße 1a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (M.L.); (L.G.); (E.M.); (A.H.)
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Martin von Bergen
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH-UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (S.-B.H.); (U.R.-K.); (M.v.B.)
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstraße 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, Brüderstraße 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wiebke K. Fenske
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (A.T.); (W.K.F.)
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189
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Cook TM, Mansuy-Aubert V. Communication between the gut microbiota and peripheral nervous system in health and chronic disease. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2068365. [PMID: 35482894 PMCID: PMC9067538 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2068365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Trillions of bacteria reside within our gastrointestinal tract, ideally forming a mutually beneficial relationship between us. However, persistent changes in diet and lifestyle in the western diet and lifestyle contribute to a damaging of the gut microbiota-host symbiosis leading to diseases such as obesity and irritable bowel syndrome. Many symptoms and comorbidities associated with these diseases stem from dysfunctional signaling in peripheral neurons. Our peripheral nervous system (PNS) is comprised of a variety of sensory, autonomic, and enteric neurons which coordinate key homeostatic functions such as gastrointestinal motility, digestion, immunity, feeding behavior, glucose and lipid homeostasis, and more. The composition and signaling of bacteria in our gut dramatically influences how our peripheral neurons regulate these functions, and we are just beginning to uncover the molecular mechanisms mediating this communication. In this review, we cover the general anatomy and function of the PNS, and then we discuss how the molecules secreted or stimulated by gut microbes signal through the PNS to alter host development and physiology. Finally, we discuss how leveraging the power of our gut microbes on peripheral nervous system signaling may offer effective therapies to counteract the rise in chronic diseases crippling the western world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler M. Cook
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Virginie Mansuy-Aubert
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA,CONTACT Virginie Mansuy-Aubert Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
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190
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Sarwar H, Rafiqi SI, Ahmad S, Jinna S, Khan SA, Karim T, Qureshi O, Zahid ZA, Elhai JD, Levine JC, Naqvi SJ, Jaume JC, Imam S. Hyperinsulinemia Associated Depression. Clin Med Insights Endocrinol Diabetes 2022; 15:11795514221090244. [PMID: 35494421 PMCID: PMC9039439 DOI: 10.1177/11795514221090244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperinsulinemia promotes fat accumulation, causing obesity. Being an inflammatory state, obesity can induce further inflammation and is a risk factor for HPA (hypothalamic pituitary axis) dysregulation through hypercortisolism-related hyperglycemia. In another hypothesis, the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) plays a significant role in the regulation of hormone secretion from the pancreas such as an increase in catecholamines and glucagon as well as a decrease in plasma insulin levels, a disruption on SNS activity increases insulin levels, and induces glycogenolysis in the liver and lipolysis in adipose tissue during hypoglycemia. Hyperglycemia-hyperinsulinemia exacerbates inflammation and increases the oxidative stress along with regulating the levels of norepinephrine in the brain sympathetic system. Increased inflammatory cytokines have also been shown to disrupt neurotransmitter metabolism and synaptic plasticity which play a role in the development of depression via inhibiting serotonin, dopamine, melatonin, and glutamate signaling. An increased level of plasma insulin over time in the absence of exercising causes accumulation of lipid droplets in hepatocytes and striated muscles thus preventing the movement of glucose transporters shown to result in an increase in insulin resistance due to obesity and further culminates into depression. Further hyperinsulinemia-hyperglycemia condition arising due to exogenous insulin supplementation for diabetes management may also lead to physiological hyperinsulinemia associated depression. Triple therapy with SSRI, bupropion, and cognitive behavioral therapy aids in improving glycemic control, lowering fasting blood glucose, decreasing the chances of relapse, as well as decreasing cortisol levels to improve cognition and the underlying depression. Restoring the gut microbiota has also been shown to restore insulin sensitivity and reduce anxiety and depression symptoms in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haider Sarwar
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA.,Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.,Windsor University School of Medicine, Cayon, West Indies
| | - Shafiya Imtiaz Rafiqi
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA.,Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | | | - Sruthi Jinna
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Sawleha Arshi Khan
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA.,Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.,Mercy Health - St. Vincent Medical Center, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Tamanna Karim
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA.,Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Omar Qureshi
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA.,Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.,American University of the Caribbean School of Medicine, Sint Maarten, Kingdom of the Netherlands
| | - Zeeshan A Zahid
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA.,Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Jon D Elhai
- Department of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Jason C Levine
- Department of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | | | - Juan C Jaume
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA.,Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Shahnawaz Imam
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA.,Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
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191
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Abstract
The gut microbiota is now considered as one of the key elements contributing to the regulation of host health. Virtually all our body sites are colonised by microbes suggesting different types of crosstalk with our organs. Because of the development of molecular tools and techniques (ie, metagenomic, metabolomic, lipidomic, metatranscriptomic), the complex interactions occurring between the host and the different microorganisms are progressively being deciphered. Nowadays, gut microbiota deviations are linked with many diseases including obesity, type 2 diabetes, hepatic steatosis, intestinal bowel diseases (IBDs) and several types of cancer. Thus, suggesting that various pathways involved in immunity, energy, lipid and glucose metabolism are affected.In this review, specific attention is given to provide a critical evaluation of the current understanding in this field. Numerous molecular mechanisms explaining how gut bacteria might be causally linked with the protection or the onset of diseases are discussed. We examine well-established metabolites (ie, short-chain fatty acids, bile acids, trimethylamine N-oxide) and extend this to more recently identified molecular actors (ie, endocannabinoids, bioactive lipids, phenolic-derived compounds, advanced glycation end products and enterosynes) and their specific receptors such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) and gamma (PPARγ), aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), and G protein-coupled receptors (ie, GPR41, GPR43, GPR119, Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5).Altogether, understanding the complexity and the molecular aspects linking gut microbes to health will help to set the basis for novel therapies that are already being developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem M de Vos
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Herbert Tilg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Matthias Van Hul
- Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Metabolism and Nutrition research group (MNUT), UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patrice D Cani
- Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Metabolism and Nutrition research group (MNUT), UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), Brussels, Belgium
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192
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Abstract
The gut microbiota is now considered as one of the key elements contributing to the regulation of host health. Virtually all our body sites are colonised by microbes suggesting different types of crosstalk with our organs. Because of the development of molecular tools and techniques (ie, metagenomic, metabolomic, lipidomic, metatranscriptomic), the complex interactions occurring between the host and the different microorganisms are progressively being deciphered. Nowadays, gut microbiota deviations are linked with many diseases including obesity, type 2 diabetes, hepatic steatosis, intestinal bowel diseases (IBDs) and several types of cancer. Thus, suggesting that various pathways involved in immunity, energy, lipid and glucose metabolism are affected.In this review, specific attention is given to provide a critical evaluation of the current understanding in this field. Numerous molecular mechanisms explaining how gut bacteria might be causally linked with the protection or the onset of diseases are discussed. We examine well-established metabolites (ie, short-chain fatty acids, bile acids, trimethylamine N-oxide) and extend this to more recently identified molecular actors (ie, endocannabinoids, bioactive lipids, phenolic-derived compounds, advanced glycation end products and enterosynes) and their specific receptors such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) and gamma (PPARγ), aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), and G protein-coupled receptors (ie, GPR41, GPR43, GPR119, Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5).Altogether, understanding the complexity and the molecular aspects linking gut microbes to health will help to set the basis for novel therapies that are already being developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem M de Vos
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Herbert Tilg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Matthias Van Hul
- Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Metabolism and Nutrition research group (MNUT), UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patrice D Cani
- Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Metabolism and Nutrition research group (MNUT), UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), Brussels, Belgium
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193
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Du L, Li Q, Yi H, Kuang T, Tang Y, Fan G. Gut microbiota-derived metabolites as key actors in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 149:112839. [PMID: 35325852 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most risk factors threatening human health. Although genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of T2DM, gut microbiota has also been found to be involved. Gut microbiota-derived metabolites are a key factor in host-microbe crosstalk, and have been revealed to play a central role in the physiology and physiopathology of T2DM. In this review, we provide a timely and comprehensive summary of the microbial metabolites that are protective or causative for T2DM, including some amino acids-derived metabolites, short-chain fatty acids, trimethylamine N-oxide, and bile acids. The mechanisms by which metabolites affect T2DM have been elaborated. Knowing more about these processes will increase our understanding of the causal relationship between gut microbiota and T2DM. Moreover, some frontier therapies that target gut microbes and their metabolites to improve T2DM, including dietary intervention, fecal microbiota transplantation, probiotics, prebiotics or synbiotics intervention, and drugging microbial metabolism, have been critically discussed. This review may provide novel insights for the development of targeted and personalized treatments for T2DM based on gut microbial metabolites. More high-quality clinical trials are needed to accelerate the clinical translation of gut-targeted therapies for T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Du
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Qi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Huan Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Tingting Kuang
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yi Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Gang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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194
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Girdhar K, Soto M, Huang Q, Orliaguet L, Cederquist C, Sundaresh B, Hu J, Figura M, Raisingani A, Canfora EE, Dirice E, Fujisaka S, Goossens GH, Blaak EE, Kulkarni RN, Kahn CR, Altindis E. Gut Microbiota Regulate Pancreatic Growth, Exocrine Function, and Gut Hormones. Diabetes 2022; 71:945-960. [PMID: 35212729 PMCID: PMC9044125 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates an important link between gut microbiota, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. Alterations in exocrine pancreatic function are also widely present in patients with diabetes and obesity. To examine this interaction, C57BL/6J mice were fed a chow diet, a high-fat diet (HFD), or an HFD plus oral vancomycin or metronidazole to modify the gut microbiome. HFD alone leads to a 40% increase in pancreas weight, decreased glucagon-like peptide 1 and peptide YY levels, and increased glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide in the plasma. Quantitative proteomics identified 138 host proteins in fecal samples of these mice, of which 32 were significantly changed by the HFD. The most significant of these were the pancreatic enzymes. These changes in amylase and elastase were reversed by antibiotic treatment. These alterations could be reproduced by transferring gut microbiota from donor C57BL/6J mice to germ-free mice. By contrast, antibiotics had no effect on pancreatic size or exocrine function in C57BL/6J mice fed the chow diet. Further, 1 week vancomycin administration significantly increased amylase and elastase levels in obese men with prediabetes. Thus, the alterations in gut microbiota in obesity can alter pancreatic growth, exocrine function, and gut endocrine function and may contribute to the alterations observed in patients with obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marion Soto
- Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Qian Huang
- Biology Department Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA
| | - Lucie Orliaguet
- Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Cordeliers Research Centre, INSERM, Immunity and Metabolism in Diabetes Laboratory, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Carly Cederquist
- Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Jiang Hu
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | | | - Emanuel E. Canfora
- Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ercument Dirice
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY
| | - Shiho Fujisaka
- Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Gijs H. Goossens
- Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ellen E. Blaak
- Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Rohit N. Kulkarni
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women′s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - C. Ronald Kahn
- Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Corresponding authors: Emrah Altindis, , and C. Ronald Kahn,
| | - Emrah Altindis
- Biology Department Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA
- Corresponding authors: Emrah Altindis, , and C. Ronald Kahn,
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195
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Losurdo G, Gravina AG, Maroni L, Gabrieletto EM, Ianiro G, Ferrarese A. Future challenges in gastroenterology and hepatology, between innovations and unmet needs: A SIGE Young Editorial Board's perspective. Dig Liver Dis 2022; 54:583-597. [PMID: 34509394 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2021.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Gastroenterology, Digestive Endoscopy and Hepatology have faced significant improvements in terms of diagnosis and therapy in the last decades. However, many fields still remain poorly explored, and many questions unanswered. Moreover, basic-science, as well as translational and clinical discoveries, together with technology advancement will determine further steps toward a better, refined care for many gastroenterological disorders in the future. Therefore, the Young Investigators of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology (SIGE) joined together, offering a perspective on major future innovations in some hot clinical topics in Gastroenterology, Endoscopy, and Hepatology, as well as the current pitfalls and the grey zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Losurdo
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University 'Aldo Moro' of Bari; PhD Course in Organs and Tissues Transplantation and Cellular Therapies, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University 'Aldo Moro' of Bari.
| | - Antonietta Gerarda Gravina
- Hepatogastroenterology Division, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Maroni
- Department of Gastroenterology, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Gianluca Ianiro
- Digestive Disease Center, Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Alberto Ferrarese
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Ospedale Borgo Trento, Verona, Italy
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196
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Liang F, Lu X, Deng Z, Zhong HJ, Zhang W, Li Q, Zhou HH, Liou YL, He XX. Effect of Washed Microbiota Transplantation on Patients With Dyslipidemia in South China. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:827107. [PMID: 35528013 PMCID: PMC9074302 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.827107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Although the manual crude fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) reduces blood lipids in animal models of hyperlipidemia, its clinical effect on blood lipid metabolism in patients with hyperlipidemia and hypolipidemia remains unclear, especially in the Chinese population. It was reported that washed microbiota transplantation (WMT) was safer, more precise, and more quality-controllable than the crude FMT by manual. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of WMT on lipid metabolism in the Chinese population. Methods Clinical data of patients with various indications who received WMT for 1-3 treatment procedures were collected. Changes in blood lipids before and after WMT, namely, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), liver fat attenuation, and liver stiffness measurement, were compared. Results A total of 177 patients (40 cases of hyperlipidemia, 87 cases with normal blood lipids, and 50 cases of hypolipidemia) were enrolled in the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University. WMT has a significant therapeutic effect in reducing blood lipid levels (TC and TG) in the short- and medium term in patients with hyperlipidemia (p <0.05). Hyper blood lipid decreased to normal in the short-term (35.14%; p <0.001), and LDL-C changed to normal in the medium term (33.33%; p = 0.013). In the hypolipidemia group, 36.36% and 47.06% changed to normal in the short-term (p = 0.006) and medium term (p = 0.005) of therapeutic effects based on blood lipid levels. In the normal blood lipid group and the low-risk group of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), the change was not statistically significant, indicating that WMT does not increase the risk of blood lipid and ASCVD in the long-term. Conclusions WMT treatment changes blood lipids in patients with hyperlipidemia and hypolipidemia without serious adverse events, with no risk for increasing blood lipids and ASCVD in the long-term. There were significant decreased TC, TG, and LDL-C levels in the medium term of WMT treatment for hyperlipidemia. Therefore, the regulation of gut microbiota by WMT may indicate a new clinical method for the treatment of dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenfen Liang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Center for Engineering Techniques of Microbiota-Targeted Therapies of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinjian Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Center for Engineering Techniques of Microbiota-Targeted Therapies of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiliang Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Center for Engineering Techniques of Microbiota-Targeted Therapies of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao-Jie Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Center for Engineering Techniques of Microbiota-Targeted Therapies of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Hao Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Ligh Liou
- Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Xiangya Medical Laboratory, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xing-Xiang He
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Center for Engineering Techniques of Microbiota-Targeted Therapies of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
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197
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Ding D, Yong H, You N, Lu W, Yang X, Ye X, Wang Y, Cai T, Zheng X, Chen H, Cui B, Zhang F, Liu X, Mao JH, Lu Y, Chang H. Prospective Study Reveals Host Microbial Determinants of Clinical Response to Fecal Microbiota Transplant Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes Patients. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:820367. [PMID: 35402293 PMCID: PMC8990819 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.820367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing evidence shows that alterations in gut microbiome (GM) contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) successfully treats various human diseases. However, the benefits of FMT therapy to T2DM patients remain unknown. Methods We enrolled 17 patients with T2DM for nonblinded, one-armed intervention trial of FMT. A total of 20 healthy individuals were recruited as the baseline control. HbA1c% and metabolic parameter change were evaluated in 17 T2DM patients 12 weeks after they received FMT from healthy donors. The GM composition was characterized by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing from fecal samples prior to and 12 weeks after FMT treatment. Results We found that the GM of T2DM patients was reconstituted by FMT. We observed a statistically significant decrease in HbA1c% (from 7.565 ± 0.148 to 7.190 ± 0.210, p<0.01), blood glucose (from 8.483 ± 0.497 to 7.286 ± 0.454 mmol/L, p<0.01), and uric acid (from 309.4 ± 21.5 to 259.1 ± 15.8 µmol/L, p<0.01) while a significant increase in postprandial C-peptide (from 4.503 ± 0.600 to 5.471 ± 0.728 ng/ml, p<0.01) at 12 weeks after FMT. Closely evaluating the changes in these assays, we found individual variability in response to FMT treatment. Out of 17 T2DM patients, 11 were found to significantly improve T2DM symptoms. The FMT responders have significantly higher levels of the family Rikenellaceae and the genus Anaerotruncus (family Ruminococcaceae) in their pretreated fecal in comparison to nonresponders, which could predict the clinical response with an area under the curve of 0.83. Conclusion Our findings suggest that certain T2DM patients can potentially benefit from FMT, and the pretreated abundance of Rikenellaceae and Anaerotruncus in the fecal of patients may serve as potential biomarkers for selecting T2DM patients to receive FMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafa Ding
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huijuan Yong
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Na You
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States.,Biomedical Data Science Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Xiaolong Ye
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yayun Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingting Cai
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoling Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bota Cui
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Faming Zhang
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingyin Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology-Microbiology Division, Key Laboratory of Pathogen of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian-Hua Mao
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States.,Biomedical Data Science Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Yibing Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hang Chang
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States.,Biomedical Data Science Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
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198
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Raineri S, Sherriff JA, Thompson KSJ, Jones H, Pfluger PT, Ilott NE, Mellor J. Pharmacologically induced weight loss is associated with distinct gut microbiome changes in obese rats. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:91. [PMID: 35392807 PMCID: PMC8988407 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02494-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity, metabolic disease and some psychiatric conditions are associated with changes to relative abundance of bacterial species and specific genes in the faecal microbiome. Little is known about the impact of pharmacologically induced weight loss on distinct microbiome species and their respective gene programs in obese individuals. Methodology Using shotgun metagenomics, the composition of the microbiome was obtained for two cohorts of obese female Wistar rats (n = 10–12, total of 82) maintained on a high fat diet before and after a 42-day treatment with a panel of four investigatory or approved anti-obesity drugs (tacrolimus/FK506, bupropion, naltrexone and sibutramine), alone or in combination. Results Only sibutramine treatment induced consistent weight loss and improved glycaemic control in the obese rats. Weight loss was associated with reduced food intake and changes to the faecal microbiome in multiple microbial taxa, genes, and pathways. These include increased β-diversity, increased relative abundance of multiple Bacteroides species, increased Bacteroides/Firmicutes ratio and changes to abundance of genes and species associated with obesity-induced inflammation, particularly those encoding components of the flagellum and its assembly. Conclusions Sibutramine-induced weight loss in obese rats is associated with improved metabolic health, and changes to the faecal microbiome consistent with a reduction in obesity-induced bacterially-driven inflammation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12866-022-02494-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Raineri
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK.,Chronos Therapeutics Ltd., Magdalen Centre, The Oxford Science Park, Oxford, OX4 4GA, UK
| | - Julia A Sherriff
- Chronos Therapeutics Ltd., Magdalen Centre, The Oxford Science Park, Oxford, OX4 4GA, UK
| | - Kevin S J Thompson
- Chronos Therapeutics Ltd., Magdalen Centre, The Oxford Science Park, Oxford, OX4 4GA, UK
| | - Huw Jones
- Chronos Therapeutics Ltd., Magdalen Centre, The Oxford Science Park, Oxford, OX4 4GA, UK
| | - Paul T Pfluger
- Research Unit Neurobiology of Diabetes, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse, 1D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nicholas E Ilott
- Oxford Centre for Microbiome Studies, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX2 7FY, UK
| | - Jane Mellor
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK. .,Chronos Therapeutics Ltd., Magdalen Centre, The Oxford Science Park, Oxford, OX4 4GA, UK.
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199
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Nkera-Gutabara CK, Kerr R, Scholefield J, Hazelhurst S, Naidoo J. Microbiomics: The Next Pillar of Precision Medicine and Its Role in African Healthcare. Front Genet 2022; 13:869610. [PMID: 35480328 PMCID: PMC9037082 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.869610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Limited access to technologies that support early monitoring of disease risk and a poor understanding of the geographically unique biological and environmental factors underlying disease, represent significant barriers to improved health outcomes and precision medicine efforts in low to middle income countries. These challenges are further compounded by the rich genetic diversity harboured within Southern Africa thus necessitating alternative strategies for the prediction of disease risk and clinical outcomes in regions where accessibility to personalized healthcare remains limited. The human microbiome refers to the community of microorganisms (bacteria, archaea, fungi and viruses) that co-inhabit the human body. Perturbation of the natural balance of the gut microbiome has been associated with a number of human pathologies, and the microbiome has recently emerged as a critical determinant of drug pharmacokinetics and immunomodulation. The human microbiome should therefore not be omitted from any comprehensive effort towards stratified healthcare and would provide an invaluable and orthogonal approach to existing precision medicine strategies. Recent studies have highlighted the overarching effect of geography on gut microbial diversity as it relates to human health. Health insights from international microbiome datasets are however not yet verified in context of the vast geographical diversity that exists throughout the African continent. In this commentary we discuss microbiome research in Africa and its role in future precision medicine initiatives across the African continent.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. K. Nkera-Gutabara
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience (SBIMB), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Bioengineering and Integrated Genomics Research Group, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Pretoria, South Africa
- Division of Human Genetics, National Health Laboratory Service and School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - R. Kerr
- Division of Human Genetics, National Health Laboratory Service and School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - J. Scholefield
- Bioengineering and Integrated Genomics Research Group, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Pretoria, South Africa
| | - S. Hazelhurst
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience (SBIMB), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - J. Naidoo
- Bioengineering and Integrated Genomics Research Group, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Pretoria, South Africa
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200
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Ng SC, Xu Z, Mak JWY, Yang K, Liu Q, Zuo T, Tang W, Lau L, Lui RN, Wong SH, Tse YK, Li AYL, Cheung K, Ching JYL, Wong VWS, Kong APS, Ma RCW, Chow EYK, Wong SKH, Ho ICH, Chan PKS, Chan FKL. Microbiota engraftment after faecal microbiota transplantation in obese subjects with type 2 diabetes: a 24-week, double-blind, randomised controlled trial. Gut 2022; 71:716-723. [PMID: 33785557 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-323617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The impact of faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) on microbiota engraftment in patients with metabolic syndrome is uncertain. We aimed to study whether combining FMT with lifestyle modification could enhance the engraftment of favourable microbiota in obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). DESIGN In this double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial, 61 obese subjects with T2DM were randomly assigned to three parallel groups: FMT plus lifestyle intervention (LSI), FMT alone, or sham transplantation plus LSI every 4 weeks for up to week 12. FMT solution was prepared from six healthy lean donors. Faecal metagenomic sequencing was performed at baseline, weeks 4, 16 and 24. The primary outcome was the proportion of subjects acquiring ≥20% of microbiota from lean donors at week 24. RESULTS Proportions of subjects acquiring ≥20% of lean-associated microbiota at week 24 were 100%, 88.2% and 22% in the FMT plus LSI, FMT alone, and sham plus LSI groups, respectively (p<0.0001). Repeated FMTs significantly increased the engraftment of lean-associated microbiota (p<0.05). FMT with or without LSI increased butyrate-producing bacteria. Combining LSI and FMT led to increase in Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus compared with FMT alone (p<0.05). FMT plus LSI group had reduced total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and liver stiffness at week 24 compared with baseline (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Repeated FMTs enhance the level and duration of microbiota engraftment in obese patients with T2DM. Combining lifestyle intervention with FMT led to more favourable changes in recipients' microbiota and improvement in lipid profile and liver stiffness. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03127696.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siew C Ng
- Center for Gut Microbiota Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, LKS Institute of Health Science, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Microbiota Innovation Centre (MagIC Centre), Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhilu Xu
- Center for Gut Microbiota Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, LKS Institute of Health Science, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Microbiota Innovation Centre (MagIC Centre), Hong Kong, China
| | - Joyce Wing Yan Mak
- Center for Gut Microbiota Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, LKS Institute of Health Science, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Keli Yang
- Center for Gut Microbiota Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, LKS Institute of Health Science, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qin Liu
- Center for Gut Microbiota Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, LKS Institute of Health Science, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Microbiota Innovation Centre (MagIC Centre), Hong Kong, China
| | - Tao Zuo
- Center for Gut Microbiota Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, LKS Institute of Health Science, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Microbiota Innovation Centre (MagIC Centre), Hong Kong, China
| | - Whitney Tang
- Center for Gut Microbiota Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, LKS Institute of Health Science, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Microbiota Innovation Centre (MagIC Centre), Hong Kong, China
| | - Louis Lau
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rashid N Lui
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sunny H Wong
- Center for Gut Microbiota Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, LKS Institute of Health Science, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yee Kit Tse
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Amy Y L Li
- Center for Gut Microbiota Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, LKS Institute of Health Science, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kitty Cheung
- Center for Gut Microbiota Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jessica Y L Ching
- Center for Gut Microbiota Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Vincent W S Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, LKS Institute of Health Science, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Alice P S Kong
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ronald C W Ma
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Elaine Y K Chow
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Phase 1 Clinical Trial Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Simon K H Wong
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ivan Chak Hang Ho
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Paul K S Chan
- Center for Gut Microbiota Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Francis K L Chan
- Center for Gut Microbiota Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China .,Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, LKS Institute of Health Science, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Microbiota Innovation Centre (MagIC Centre), Hong Kong, China
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