151
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Ajina R, Zamalin D, Weiner LM. Functional genomics: paving the way for more successful cancer immunotherapy. Brief Funct Genomics 2019; 18:86-98. [PMID: 29762641 PMCID: PMC6430032 DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/ely017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies have revolutionized cancer treatment. Immunotherapy is effective for the treatment of a wide range of cancer types and can mediate complete and durable tumor regression. Nonetheless, the field still faces many significant challenges, such as the need for personalized therapeutic strategies and better biomarkers, the difficulty of selecting the right combination therapy, and resistance to currently available immunotherapies. Both cancer and host immunity comprise significantly diverse and complex ecosystems, making immunogenomics an ideal field for functional genomics analysis. In this review, we describe the cancer-immunity cycle, how cancer cells manage to evade immune attack and the current hurdles in the path of cancer immunotherapy. Then, we discuss how functional genomics approaches can pave the way for more successful cancer immunotherapies.
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152
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Porta C, Marino A, Consonni FM, Bleve A, Mola S, Storto M, Riboldi E, Sica A. Metabolic influence on the differentiation of suppressive myeloid cells in cancer. Carcinogenesis 2019; 39:1095-1104. [PMID: 29982315 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
New evidences indicate that the metabolic instruction of immunity (immune metabolism) results from the integration of cell metabolism and whole-body metabolism, which are both influenced by nutrition, microbiome metabolites and disease-driven metabolism (e.g. cancer metabolism). Cancer metabolism influences the immunological homeostasis and promotes immune alterations that support disease progression, hence influencing the clinical outcome. Cancer cells display increased glucose uptake and fermentation of glucose to lactate, even in the presence of completely functioning mitochondria. A major side effect of this event is immunosuppression, characterized by limited immunogenicity of cancer cells and restriction of the therapeutic efficacy of anticancer immunotherapy. Here, we discuss how the metabolism of myeloid cells associated with cancer contributes to the differentiation of their suppressive phenotype and therefore to cancer immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Porta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Novara
| | - Arianna Marino
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Novara
| | | | - Augusto Bleve
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Novara
| | - Silvia Mola
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Novara
| | - Mariangela Storto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Novara
| | - Elena Riboldi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Novara
| | - Antonio Sica
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Novara.,Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy
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153
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Heyman B, Yang Y. Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapy for Solid Tumors: Current Status, Obstacles and Future Strategies. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11020191. [PMID: 30736355 PMCID: PMC6407020 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11020191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR T Cells) have led to dramatic improvements in the survival of cancer patients, most notably those with hematologic malignancies. Early phase clinical trials in patients with solid tumors have demonstrated them to be feasible, but unfortunately has yielded limited efficacy for various cancer types. In this article we will review the background on CAR T cells for the treatment of solid tumors, focusing on the unique obstacles that solid tumors present for the development of adoptive T cell therapy, and the novel approaches currently under development to overcome these hurdles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Heyman
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Yiping Yang
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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154
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Chen AY, Adamek RN, Dick BL, Credille CV, Morrison CN, Cohen SM. Targeting Metalloenzymes for Therapeutic Intervention. Chem Rev 2019; 119:1323-1455. [PMID: 30192523 PMCID: PMC6405328 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metalloenzymes are central to a wide range of essential biological activities, including nucleic acid modification, protein degradation, and many others. The role of metalloenzymes in these processes also makes them central for the progression of many diseases and, as such, makes metalloenzymes attractive targets for therapeutic intervention. Increasing awareness of the role metalloenzymes play in disease and their importance as a class of targets has amplified interest in the development of new strategies to develop inhibitors and ultimately useful drugs. In this Review, we provide a broad overview of several drug discovery efforts focused on metalloenzymes and attempt to map out the current landscape of high-value metalloenzyme targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allie Y Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Rebecca N Adamek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Benjamin L Dick
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Cy V Credille
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Christine N Morrison
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Seth M Cohen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
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155
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Ott E, Bilonda L, Dansette D, Deleine C, Duchalais E, Podevin J, Volteau C, Bennouna J, Touchefeu Y, Fourquier P, El Alami Thomas W, Chetritt J, Bezieau S, Denis M, Toquet C, Mosnier JF, Jarry A, Bossard C. The density of Tbet+ tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes reflects an effective and druggable preexisting adaptive antitumor immune response in colorectal cancer, irrespective of the microsatellite status. Oncoimmunology 2019; 8:e1562834. [PMID: 30906656 PMCID: PMC6422378 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1562834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The recent success of anti-PD1 antibody in metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with microsatellite instability (MSI), known to be associated with an upregulated Th1/Tc1 gene signature, provides new promising therapeutic strategies. However, the partial objective response highlights a crucial need for relevant, easily evaluable, predictive biomarkers. Here we explore whether in situ assessment of Tbet+ tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) reflects a pre-existing functional antitumor Th1/Tc1/IFNγ response, in relation with clinicopathological features, microsatellite status and expression of immunoregulatory molecules (PD1, PDL1, IDO-1). Methodology: In two independent cohorts of CRC (retrospective n = 80; prospective n = 27) we assessed TILs density (CD3, Tbet, PD1) and expression profile of PDL1 and IDO-1 by immunohistochemistry/image analysis. Furthermore, the prospective cohort allowed to perform ex vivo CRC explant cultures and measure by Elisa the IFNγ response, at baseline and upon anti-PD1 treatment. Results: The density of Tbet+ TILs was significantly higher in MSI CRC, especially in the medullary subtype but also in a subgroup of MSS (microsatellite stable), and positively correlated with PD1 and PDL1 expression, but not with IDO-1. Finally, a high number of Tbet+ TILs was associated with a favorable overall survival. These Tbet+ TILs were functional as their density positively correlated with basal IFNγ levels. In addition, the combined score of Tbet+ PD1+ TILs coupled with IDO-1 expression predicted the magnitude of the IFNγ response upon anti-PD1. Conclusion: Altogether, immunohistochemical quantification of Tbet+ TILs is a reliable and accurate tool to recapitulate a preexisting Th1/Tc1/IFNγ antitumor response that can be reinvigorated by anti-PD1 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Ott
- Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Hôtel Dieu, Nantes, France
| | - Linda Bilonda
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut Roche, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Delphine Dansette
- Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Hôtel Dieu, Nantes, France
| | - Cécile Deleine
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Emilie Duchalais
- Institut des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, Oncologie Digestive, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Hôtel Dieu, Nantes, France.,Service de Chirurgie digestive et endocrinienne, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Hôtel Dieu, Nantes, France
| | - Juliette Podevin
- Institut des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, Oncologie Digestive, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Hôtel Dieu, Nantes, France.,Service de Chirurgie digestive et endocrinienne, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Hôtel Dieu, Nantes, France
| | - Christelle Volteau
- Plateforme de Biométrie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Hôtel Dieu, Nantes, France
| | - Jaafar Bennouna
- Institut des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, Oncologie Digestive, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Hôtel Dieu, Nantes, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Yann Touchefeu
- Institut des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, Oncologie Digestive, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Hôtel Dieu, Nantes, France.,Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Hôtel Dieu, Nantes, France
| | - Pierre Fourquier
- Service de Chirurgie Viscérale et Digestive, Hôpital privé du Confluent, Nantes, France
| | | | | | - Stéphane Bezieau
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Plateforme de Génétique moléculaire des cancers, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Hôtel Dieu, Nantes, France
| | - Marc Denis
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Plateforme de Génétique moléculaire des cancers, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Hôtel Dieu, Nantes, France
| | - Claire Toquet
- Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Hôtel Dieu, Nantes, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Jean-François Mosnier
- Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Hôtel Dieu, Nantes, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Anne Jarry
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Céline Bossard
- Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Hôtel Dieu, Nantes, France.,CRCINA, INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
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156
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Liang C, Peng L, Zeng S, Zhao Q, Tang L, Jiang X, Zhang J, Yan N, Chen Y. Investigation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 expression in uveal melanoma. Exp Eye Res 2019; 181:112-119. [PMID: 30639792 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) expression and its implications in uveal melanoma (UM). Bioinformatics analysis was performed on microarray data (GSE22138 and GSE27831) from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to evaluate IDO1 expression in mRNA level. Ninety-two cases in the database were divided into the IDO1-high group (46 cases) and IDO1-low group (46 cases). Paraffin embedded tumor sections from 27 patients with UM were studied by immunofluorescence. The mRNA results showed that IDO1 expression was inversely correlated with tumor thickness (9.93 ± 3.33 mm in IDO1-high group vs. 11.56 ± 2.38 mm in IDO1-low group) (p = 0.016) and metastatic rate (30.4% in IDO1-high group vs. 69.6% in IDO1-low group, p < 0.001). The IDO1-high group showed higher immune cell gene expression: CD3D (6.56 ± 1.0 vs. 5.46 ± 0.53, p < 0.0001), CD4 (4.72 ± 0.4 vs. 4.2 ± 0.42, p < 0.0001), and CD68 (6.17 ± 1.23 vs. 5.53 ± 0.77, p = 0.015). Further analysis showed that immune-suppressive T regulatory cell genes (CD3D, CD4, IL2RA and FOXP3) were expressed in 67.4% (31/46) cases in the IDO1-high group and 23.91% (11/46) cases in the IDO1-low group. In addition, IDO1 and interferon gamma (IFNG) mRNA expression were strongly correlated (r = 0.70, p < 0.0001). The correlation analysis of different immune checkpoints showed that IDO1 was positively correlated with CD274(PDL1), but not CTLA4 or PDCD1.The disease-free survival (DFS) in the IDO1-high/IFNG-high group was better than that of the IDO1-low/IFNG-low group. The IDO1 immunostaining result showed that 2 cases in 18 UMs with Bruch's membrane (BM) rupture and 7 out of 9 cases without BM rupture were scored high (Grade 2-3) (p = 0.001). Comparing the immune cells staining results between IDO1-high group and IDO1-low group, higher percentage of patients in the former group had high levels of T cells and macrophages infiltration, but only the difference in macrophage was statistically significant (CD68, 77.78% vs. 27.78%, p = 0.04). The analysis based on GEO data and the result from immunostaining study are consistent with each other. In conclusion, the expression of IDO1 is probably induced by IFNγ from infiltrated immune cells in UM. BM rupture is an important indicator of IDO1 expression level and distribution pattern. The complex role of IDO1 may limit its therapeutic effect in UM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Liang
- Research Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, Torsten-Wiesel Research Institute of World Eye Organization, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, SiChuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Cheng Du, Sichuan, China.
| | - Lanya Peng
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Cheng Du, Sichuan, China.
| | - Shaoxue Zeng
- Research Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, Torsten-Wiesel Research Institute of World Eye Organization, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, SiChuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Cheng Du, Sichuan, China.
| | - Qing Zhao
- Research Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, Torsten-Wiesel Research Institute of World Eye Organization, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, SiChuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Cheng Du, Sichuan, China.
| | - Linqiao Tang
- Research Core Facility of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China.
| | - Xiaoshuang Jiang
- Research Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, Torsten-Wiesel Research Institute of World Eye Organization, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, SiChuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - JunJun Zhang
- Research Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, Torsten-Wiesel Research Institute of World Eye Organization, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, SiChuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Naihong Yan
- Research Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, Torsten-Wiesel Research Institute of World Eye Organization, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, SiChuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Cheng Du, Sichuan, China.
| | - YingYing Chen
- Research Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, Torsten-Wiesel Research Institute of World Eye Organization, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, SiChuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Cheng Du, Sichuan, China.
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157
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Khan A, Choi SA, Na J, Pamungkas AD, Jung KJ, Jee SH, Park YH. Noninvasive Serum Metabolomic Profiling Reveals Elevated Kynurenine Pathway’s Metabolites in Humans with Prostate Cancer. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:1532-1541. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Khan
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Korea University College of Pharmacy, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo An Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhyuk Na
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Korea University College of Pharmacy, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Aryo Dimas Pamungkas
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Korea University College of Pharmacy, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Keum Ji Jung
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion and Institute for Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Ha Jee
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion and Institute for Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngja H. Park
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Korea University College of Pharmacy, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
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158
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Ma W, Duan H, Zhang R, Wang X, Xu H, Zhou Q, Zhang L. High Expression of Indoleamine 2, 3-Dioxygenase in Adenosquamous Lung Carcinoma Correlates with Favorable Patient Outcome. J Cancer 2019; 10:267-276. [PMID: 30662547 PMCID: PMC6329858 DOI: 10.7150/jca.27507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), an enzyme involved in tryptophan (Trp) metabolism, is generally considered to be an immunosuppressive molecule. The prognostic role of IDO expression in tumor has not been well studied in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and even not been reported in adenosquamous lung carcinoma (AdSqLC). Herein, the aim of this study is to investigate the prognostic significance of IDO expression in patients with AdSqLC. Patients and Methods: We conducted immunohistochemical analyses of IDO expression, as well as CD3 and CD8 expression, in 183 primary tumor tissue samples from patients with AdSqLC treated at our institution between July 1999 and September 2014. Patients' clinicopathological characteristics were retrospectively reviewed. Survival analysis was performed in the entire cohort of patients and those who received radical resection, respectively. Results: IDO was expressed in 146 (79.8%) tumor samples. A higher level of IDO expression was significantly associated with increased CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in tumor tissues (P<0.001). Surprisingly, overall survival (OS) was significantly better for patients with high IDO expression (hazard ratio (HR)= 0.505; confidence interval (CI)= 0.329-0.775; P=0.002) for the entire cohort. In patients who were unable to be treated with radical resection, IDO expression had no effect on OS (P=0.598). In contrast, a significant, independent association between high expression of IDO and better OS (HR=0.469; CI=0.290-0.758; P=0.002) was identified in patients who received radical resection. Conclusions: IDO is expressed in most AdSqLC tissues, with a higher level of IDO expression associated with an occurrence of CD8+ TILs. Moreover, IDO expression in tumor promises to serve as a strongly independent favorable prognostic factor, particularly in patients who received radical resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Ma
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Hao Duan
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Rongxin Zhang
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Haineng Xu
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Division of Gynecology Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
| | - Qianghua Zhou
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
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159
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Simonaggio A, Marabelle A. Autres immunothérapies. Bull Cancer 2019; 105 Suppl 1:S121-S131. [PMID: 30595193 DOI: 10.1016/s0007-4551(18)30397-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
ALTERNATIVE IMMUNOTHERAPIES Monoclonal antibodies targeted at immune checkpoint molecules such as PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4 have revolutionized the field of oncology in a few years. This success is explained by the large spectrum of activity of these therapies (more than 30 different cancer types), and the durability of tumor responses which provide benefits in overall survival for patients. However, a majority of patients do not respond to these treatments and novel immune strategies are needed to overcome resistance to monotherapies. A compelling effort is ongoing with numerous novel immunotherapies being in clinical development. Beyond immunomodulatory antibodies, other immunotherapies (small inhibitory molecules, vaccines, cytokines, viruses, cells) are in clinical trials or have been already approved, not only targeting T-cells but also other immune cells, including innate immune cells. This review summarizes the recent advances obtained with these new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Simonaggio
- Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, département d'innovation thérapeutique et d'essais précoces, Villejuif, F-94805, France.
| | - Aurélien Marabelle
- Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, département d'innovation thérapeutique et d'essais précoces, Villejuif, F-94805, France; Inserm U1015, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, F-94805, France
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160
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Acovic A, Gazdic M, Jovicic N, Harrell CR, Fellabaum C, Arsenijevic N, Volarevic V. Role of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in pathology of the gastrointestinal tract. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2018; 11:1756284818815334. [PMID: 30574192 PMCID: PMC6295700 DOI: 10.1177/1756284818815334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) has the most important role in modulation of tryptophan-dependent effects in the gastrointestinal tract, including modulation of intestinal immune response. An increased IDO activity maintains immune tolerance and attenuates ongoing inflammation but allows immune escape and uncontrolled growth of gastrointestinal tumors. Accordingly, IDO represents a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of inflammatory and malignant diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. In this review article, we summarize current knowledge about molecular and cellular mechanisms that are involved in IDO-dependent effects. We provide a brief outline of experimental and clinical studies that increased our understanding of how enhanced IDO activity: controls host-microbiota interactions in the gut; regulates detrimental immune response in inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal system; and allows immune escape and uncontrolled growth of gastrointestinal tumors. Additionally, we present future perspectives regarding modulation of IDO activity in the gut as possible new therapeutic approaches for the treatment of inflammatory and malignant diseases of the gastrointestinal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Acovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Marina Gazdic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nemanja Jovicic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | | | - Crissy Fellabaum
- Regenerative Processing Plant-RPP, LLC, Palm Harbor, Florida, USA
| | - Nebojsa Arsenijevic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
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161
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Takeya H, Shiota T, Yagi T, Ohnishi K, Baba Y, Miyasato Y, Kiyozumi Y, Yoshida N, Takeya M, Baba H, Komohara Y. High CD169 expression in lymph node macrophages predicts a favorable clinical course in patients with esophageal cancer. Pathol Int 2018; 68:685-693. [PMID: 30516869 DOI: 10.1111/pin.12736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Recent findings indicate CD169-positive lymph node sinus macrophages (LySMs) in the regional lymph nodes (RLNs) play an important role in anti-cancer immunity. In the present study, we investigated the correlation between CD169 expression in RLNs and clinicopathologic factors. Higher CD169 expression in LySMs was significantly associated with longer cancer-specific survival (CSS). The density of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in the cancer nest and CD169 expression on LySMs were positively associated in patients who underwent pretreatment. As CD169 expression is thought to reflect a high interferon signature in RLNs, we tried to identify immunity-related genes that are up-regulated by interferon in macrophages as well as CD169. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1) was found to be elevated by interferon, and expression of IDO1 was tested using immunohistochemistry. IDO1 expression on LySMs was positively correlated with CD169 expression; however, there was no significant correlation between IDO1 and clinicopathologic factors. These results suggest that high expression of CD169 in LySMs reflects a high potential for anti-cancer immune responses in esophageal cancer patients and that monitoring CD169 expression would be useful for evaluating the potential of anti-cancer immune reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Takeya
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Takuya Shiota
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Taisuke Yagi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Koji Ohnishi
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yuko Miyasato
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yuki Kiyozumi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Naoya Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Motohiro Takeya
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Hideo Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.,Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Kumamoto 860-8556, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Komohara
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.,Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Kumamoto 860-8556, Kumamoto, Japan
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162
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Zhang WT, Zhang ZW, Guo YD, Wang LS, Mao SY, Zhang JF, Liu MN, Yao XD. Discovering biomarkers in bladder cancer by metabolomics. Biomark Med 2018; 12:1347-1359. [PMID: 30507300 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2018-0229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
It has become increasingly clear that the development of cancer, a multifactorial disease, cannot be explained by a single molecule or gene mutation. As a new discipline, metabolomics focuses on the body's metabolite changes, and attempts to find differences to explain the development of cancer; it has proven to be effective and credible. Metabolic studies of bladder cancer (BCa) lag behind those of other tumors. This review systematically outlines the specific process of metabolomics and the use of metabolomics in BCa studies in recent years. We have reviewed the in vitro cell line, bladder tumor tissue and biofluid (urine, plasma and serum) studies used in metabolomics analyses of BCa. The advantages and drawbacks of the use of different samples were compared. Based on the available studies, we have further described the aberrant metabolic pathways of BCa and have suggested some metabolites that may be potential biomarkers for BCa detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Tao Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, PR China.,Anhui Medical University Shanghai Clinical College, PR China
| | - Zi-Wei Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, PR China
| | - Ya-Dong Guo
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, PR China
| | - Long-Sheng Wang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, PR China
| | - Shi-Yu Mao
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, PR China
| | - Jun-Feng Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, PR China
| | - Meng-Nan Liu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, PR China
| | - Xu-Dong Yao
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, PR China.,Anhui Medical University Shanghai Clinical College, PR China
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163
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Mandarano M, Bellezza G, Belladonna ML, Van den Eynde BJ, Chiari R, Vannucci J, Mondanelli G, Ludovini V, Ferri I, Bianconi F, Del Sordo R, Cagini L, Albini E, Metro G, Puma F, Sidoni A. Assessment of TILs, IDO-1, and PD-L1 in resected non-small cell lung cancer: an immunohistochemical study with clinicopathological and prognostic implications. Virchows Arch 2018; 474:159-168. [PMID: 30448912 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-018-2483-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Several cancers, especially non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), are able to escape the immunosurveillance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs); among the molecules involved, the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO-1) and the programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) play a crucial role. These aspects are of great interest in the current immunotherapeutic era, therefore the current study analyses the TILs, IDO-1, and PD-L1 interactions and their correlations with clinicopathological parameters and prognosis in NSCLC. One hundred ninety-three NSCLC surgical specimens, formalin-fixed, and paraffin-embedded were assessed for TILs density, TILs localization, IDO-1 (clone 4.16H1), and PD-L1 (clone E1L3N) immunohistochemical expressions. This data was correlated with clinicopathological parameters, disease free, and overall survivals. IDO-1 and PD-L1 high expressions were related to the solid pattern of adenocarcinomas (respectively p = 0.036 and p = 0.026); high PD-L1 expression was correlated with squamous histotype (p = 0.048). IDO-1 overexpression correlated with former smokers (p = 0.041), higher adenocarcinoma stages (p = 0.039), and with both higher TILs density and PD-L1 expression (respectively p = 0.025 and p = 0.0003). A better prognosis was associated with TILs intratumoral or mixed localizations (p = 0.029). TILs localization affects NSCLC prognosis; the higher expression of IDO-1 and PD-L1 in poorly differentiated and more aggressive lung adenocarcinomas, as well as the correlation between high PD-L1 expression and squamous cell histotype, confirm the more efficient immunoescaping of these NSCLC subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Mandarano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Medical School, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Guido Bellezza
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Medical School, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Benoit J Van den Eynde
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Rita Chiari
- Department of Medical Oncology, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - Jacopo Vannucci
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical School, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giada Mondanelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Vienna Ludovini
- Department of Medical Oncology, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ivana Ferri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Medical School, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Rachele Del Sordo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Medical School, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Lucio Cagini
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical School, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Elisa Albini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giulio Metro
- Department of Medical Oncology, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Puma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical School, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Angelo Sidoni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Medical School, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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164
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Yentz S, Smith D. Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) Inhibition as a Strategy to Augment Cancer Immunotherapy. BioDrugs 2018; 32:311-317. [PMID: 29980987 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-018-0291-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is an enzyme of interest in immuno-oncology because of the immunosuppressive effects that result from its role in tryptophan catabolism. IDO is upregulated in malignancy and is associated with poor prognosis in multiple cancer types. IDO inhibitors have been developed to target IDO, both directly and indirectly. Pre-clinical data have shown combined IDO and checkpoint inhibition to be an efficacious strategy for tumor control. Clinical trials of IDO inhibitors with chemotherapy or immunotherapy are currently underway. This review describes the function of IDO and its inhibitors and summarizes the efficacy and toxicity data from recent clinical trials with these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Yentz
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, C369 Med Inn Building, SPC 5848, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - David Smith
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, C369 Med Inn Building, SPC 5848, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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165
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Li S, Han X, Lyu N, Xie Q, Deng H, Mu L, Pan T, Huang X, Wang X, Shi Y, Zhao M. Mechanism and prognostic value of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:3726-3736. [PMID: 30264546 PMCID: PMC6272112 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is a tryptophan‐metabolizing enzyme that is widely distributed in normal or malignant tissues and contributes to immunologic tolerance and immune escape. However, in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the characteristics and mechanism of IDO1 expression have not been well defined. In this study, IDO1 expression in tumor cells (T‐IDO1) was frequently detected (109/112) by immunohistochemistry in formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded specimens from HCC patients, and the expression patterns were mostly focal (102/109). Expression of T‐IDO1 was significantly associated with the infiltration of CD8+ T cells (P = .043), as well as younger age (<50 years old, P = .02). It was also found that IDO1 had diffuse expression in inflammatory cells in all specimens, which were defined as antigen‐presenting cells. Significant correlations among IDO1,IFNG, and CD8A transcriptional levels were observed in freshly resected HCC specimens; moreover, no constitutive IDO1 expression was detected in HCC cell lines until stimulated by interferon‐γ through the JAK2‐STAT1 signaling pathway, but not type I interferon. Survival analyses showed that increased T‐IDO1 and CD8+ T cell infiltration were significantly associated with superior overall survival (OS) (T‐IDO1, P = .003; CD8+ T cells, P = .004), and T‐IDO1 expression is an independent prognosis factor in both OS and disease‐free survival (OS, P = .007; disease‐free survival, P = .044). These findings indicated that T‐IDO1 expression in HCC is common and is dominantly driven by the host antitumor immune response, which is a favorable prognostic factor in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaolong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Minimally Invasive Interventional Division, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue Han
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Minimally Invasive Interventional Division, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ning Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Minimally Invasive Interventional Division, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiankun Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,VIP Region, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haijing Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Minimally Invasive Interventional Division, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Luwen Mu
- Department of Vascular Interventional Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Pan
- Department of Vascular Interventional Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobilliary Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Shi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Minimally Invasive Interventional Division, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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166
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Johnson DB, Bordeaux J, Kim JY, Vaupel C, Rimm DL, Ho TH, Joseph RW, Daud AI, Conry RM, Gaughan EM, Hernandez-Aya LF, Dimou A, Funchain P, Smithy J, Witte JS, McKee SB, Ko J, Wrangle JM, Dabbas B, Tangri S, Lameh J, Hall J, Markowitz J, Balko JM, Dakappagari N. Quantitative Spatial Profiling of PD-1/PD-L1 Interaction and HLA-DR/IDO-1 Predicts Improved Outcomes of Anti-PD-1 Therapies in Metastatic Melanoma. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:5250-5260. [PMID: 30021908 PMCID: PMC6214750 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-0309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: PD-1/L1 axis-directed therapies produce clinical responses in a subset of patients; therefore, biomarkers of response are needed. We hypothesized that quantifying key immunosuppression mechanisms within the tumor microenvironment by multiparameter algorithms would identify strong predictors of anti-PD-1 response.Experimental Design: Pretreatment tumor biopsies from 166 patients treated with anti-PD-1 across 10 academic cancer centers were fluorescently stained with multiple markers in discovery (n = 24) and validation (n = 142) cohorts. Biomarker-positive cells and their colocalization were spatially profiled in pathologist-selected tumor regions using novel Automated Quantitative Analysis algorithms. Selected biomarker signatures, PD-1/PD-L1 interaction score, and IDO-1/HLA-DR coexpression were evaluated for anti-PD-1 treatment outcomes.Results: In the discovery cohort, PD-1/PD-L1 interaction score and/or IDO-1/HLA-DR coexpression was strongly associated with anti-PD-1 response (P = 0.0005). In contrast, individual biomarkers (PD-1, PD-L1, IDO-1, HLA-DR) were not associated with response or survival. This finding was replicated in an independent validation cohort: patients with high PD-1/PD-L1 and/or IDO-1/HLA-DR were more likely to respond (P = 0.0096). These patients also experienced significantly improved progression-free survival (HR = 0.36; P = 0.0004) and overall survival (HR = 0.39; P = 0.0011). In the combined cohort, 80% of patients exhibiting higher levels of PD-1/PD-L1 interaction scores and IDO-1/HLA-DR responded to PD-1 blockers (P = 0.000004). In contrast, PD-L1 expression was not predictive of survival.Conclusions: Quantitative spatial profiling of key tumor-immune suppression pathways by novel digital pathology algorithms could help more reliably select melanoma patients for PD-1 monotherapy. Clin Cancer Res; 24(21); 5250-60. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer Bordeaux
- Navigate BioPharma Services, Inc., a Novartis Subsidiary, Carlsbad, California
| | - Ju Young Kim
- Navigate BioPharma Services, Inc., a Novartis Subsidiary, Carlsbad, California
| | - Christine Vaupel
- Navigate BioPharma Services, Inc., a Novartis Subsidiary, Carlsbad, California
| | | | - Thai H Ho
- Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida and Phoenix, Arizona
| | | | - Adil I Daud
- University of California, San Francisco, California
| | | | | | | | - Anastasios Dimou
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | | | | | - John S Witte
- University of California, San Francisco, California
| | | | | | - John M Wrangle
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Bashar Dabbas
- Navigate BioPharma Services, Inc., a Novartis Subsidiary, Carlsbad, California
| | - Shabnam Tangri
- Navigate BioPharma Services, Inc., a Novartis Subsidiary, Carlsbad, California
| | - Jelveh Lameh
- Navigate BioPharma Services, Inc., a Novartis Subsidiary, Carlsbad, California
| | | | | | - Justin M Balko
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Naveen Dakappagari
- Navigate BioPharma Services, Inc., a Novartis Subsidiary, Carlsbad, California
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167
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Porcellato I, Brachelente C, De Paolis L, Menchetti L, Silvestri S, Sforna M, Vichi G, Iussich S, Mechelli L. FoxP3 and IDO in Canine Melanocytic Tumors. Vet Pathol 2018; 56:189-199. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985818808530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Human melanoma is one of the deadliest forms of cancer, with poor prognosis and high resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The discovery of immunosuppressive mechanisms in the human melanoma microenvironment led to the use of new prognostic markers and to the development of immunotherapies targeting immune checkpoint molecules. Immunoescape mechanisms in canine melanoma have not yet been investigated, and no such immunotherapy has been tested. The aim of this study was to provide preliminary data on the expression of transcription factor forkhead box protein P3 (FoxP3) and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) in primary canine melanocytic tumors and to investigate their prognostic role. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples from 74 canine melanocytic tumors (26 oral melanomas, 23 cutaneous melanomas, and 25 cutaneous melanocytomas) were retrospectively evaluated by immunohistochemistry to explore the expression of FoxP3 and IDO. An increased risk of death due to melanoma was associated with a higher number of FoxP3+ cells per high-power field (FoxP3+/HPF), a higher percentage of CD3+ cells that were also FoxP3+ infiltrating and surrounding the tumor (%FoxP3), and a higher number of IDO+ cells/HPF (IDO+/HPF). A prognostic value for FoxP3 and IDO is suggested by our study, with optimal cutoffs of 14.7 FoxP3+ cells/HPF, 6.1 IDO+ cells/HPF, and 12.5% FoxP3+ cells. Both markers were also associated with tumor type. Multivariable analysis identified IDO+/HPF ( P < .001) as an independent prognostic marker. Even though stratification by diagnosis caused a loss of significance, results from the present study suggest a prognostic role for IDO and FoxP3, possibly related to the establishment of an immunosuppressive microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Porcellato
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Chiara Brachelente
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Livia De Paolis
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Laura Menchetti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Monica Sforna
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Gaia Vichi
- Laboratorio per Analisi Veterinarie Cimie, Macerata, Italy
| | - Selina Iussich
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Luca Mechelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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168
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Hashemzadeh N, Adibkia K, Barar J. Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase inhibitors in immunochemotherapy of breast cancer: challenges and opportunities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 9:1-3. [PMID: 30788254 PMCID: PMC6378097 DOI: 10.15171/bi.2019.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Trafficking of macromolecular immunotherapy agent into the tumor microenvironment (TME) is a challenging issue. In the TME, cancer cells exploit indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO), as a cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the L-tryptophan (Trp) through the kynurenine (Kyn) pathway, which could negatively regulate the activity of T cells. Thus, Trp/Kyn pathway, can be targeted with novel treatment modalities such as IDO1 inhibitor to benefit patients with aggressive solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastran Hashemzadeh
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Students' Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Khosro Adibkia
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jaleh Barar
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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169
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Smith M, García-Martínez E, Pitter MR, Fucikova J, Spisek R, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. Trial Watch: Toll-like receptor agonists in cancer immunotherapy. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1526250. [PMID: 30524908 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1526250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists demonstrate therapeutic promise as immunological adjuvants for anticancer immunotherapy. To date, three TLR agonists have been approved by US regulatory agencies for use in cancer patients. Additionally, the potential of hitherto experimental TLR ligands to mediate clinically useful immunostimulatory effects has been extensively investigated over the past few years. Here, we summarize recent preclinical and clinical advances in the development of TLR agonists for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody Smith
- Department of Medicine and Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elena García-Martínez
- Hematology and Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Murcia, Spain
| | - Michael R Pitter
- Department of Medicine and Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jitka Fucikova
- Sotio a.c., Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Motol, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Spisek
- Sotio a.c., Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Motol, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- INSERM, U1015, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France.,Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 1428, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris Sud/Paris XI, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Université Paris Descartes/ Paris V, Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France.,INSERM, U1138, Paris, France.,Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France.,Karolinska Institute, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Pôle de Biologie, Hopitâl Européen George Pompidou, AP-HP; Paris, France
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Université Paris Descartes/ Paris V, Paris, France.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.,Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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170
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Tina E, Prosén S, Lennholm S, Gasparyan G, Lindberg M, Göthlin Eremo A. Expression profile of the amino acid transporters SLC7A5, SLC7A7, SLC7A8 and the enzyme TDO2 in basal cell carcinoma. Br J Dermatol 2018; 180:130-140. [PMID: 29938775 PMCID: PMC7380045 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.16905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background The incidence of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is increasing and the costs for care rising. Therefore, the need for simplified and cost‐effective treatment choices is substantial. Aberrant signalling in several pathways, induced by ultraviolet radiation, is of importance in the development of BCC. Alterations in tumour metabolic activity are part of general carcinogenesis; however, these alterations are only partially recognized in skin cancer. Objectives To study expression profiles in BCCs compared with individually matched nontumour skin, with a focus on finding differences associated with tumour metabolism. Materials and methods Gene expression in biopsies from BCCs (n = 14) compared with biopsies from nontumour gluteal skin was analysed with microarrays (n = 4 + 4) and/or quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR, n = 14 + 14). Protein expression and localization was assessed using immunohistochemistry (IHC) in formalin‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded BCC samples. Results Microarray analysis revealed increased expression of the amino acid transporters SLC7A5, SLC7A7 and SLC7A8 as well as the cytosolic enzyme tryptophan 2,3‐dioxygenase (TDO) 2 in BCC. Higher expression of SLC7A5 (P < 0·001), SLC7A8 (P < 0·001) and TDO2 (P = 0·002), but not SLC7A7 (P = 0·50), was confirmed by qPCR, and IHC demonstrated correlating tumour cell protein expression of SLC7A5 and SLC7A8. Protein expression of SLC7A7 was observed in the stratum granulosum, and TDO2 in immune cells. Conclusions This study highlights the upregulation of SLC7A5, SLC7A8 and TDO2 in BCC compared with nontumour skin. Our findings imply that amino acid transporters may be further explored as potential targets for future medical treatment. What's already known about this topic? The incidence of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is increasing and consequently also the costs of care. The transport and metabolism of amino acids are often altered in tumours although the knowledge of whether this applies to BCCs is limited.
What does this study add? Alterations of amino acid transporters SLC7A5 and SLC7A8 and the cytosolic enzyme TDO2 is suggested in BCC and are possible potential targets for treatment. SLC7A7 (transporter of e.g. lysine) is expressed in the stratum granulosum of normal epidermis and may be involved in the cornification process.
What is the translational message? We have found tumour‐specific changes in proteins involved in nutrient transport and metabolism. These changes may be of importance for carcinogenesis and should be explored further for future drug development.
Linked Comment: O’Shaughnessy. Br J Dermatol 2019; 180:16–17. Plain language summary available online Respond to this article
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Affiliation(s)
- E Tina
- Clinical Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Campus USÖ, Floor 3, Örebro University Hospital, SE-701 85, Örebro, Sweden
| | - S Prosén
- Department of Dermatology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden
| | - S Lennholm
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - G Gasparyan
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - M Lindberg
- Department of Dermatology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden.,School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - A Göthlin Eremo
- Clinical Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Campus USÖ, Floor 3, Örebro University Hospital, SE-701 85, Örebro, Sweden
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Wardhani LO, Matsushita M, Iwasaki T, Kuwamoto S, Nonaka D, Nagata K, Kato M, Kitamura Y, Hayashi K. Expression of the IDO1/TDO2-AhR pathway in tumor cells or the tumor microenvironment is associated with Merkel cell polyomavirus status and prognosis in Merkel cell carcinoma. Hum Pathol 2018; 84:52-61. [PMID: 30240768 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare, aggressive neuroendocrine skin cancer, with approximately 80% of cases related to Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV). Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase 2 (TDO2) are the key rate-limiting enzymes of the tryptophan-to-kynurenine metabolic pathway. With aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), an intracellular transcription factor, they play a role in escaping the immunosurveillance process in several cancers. IDO1/TDO2/AhR expression associated with the MCPyV status and prognosis in MCC was investigated. Samples included 24 MCPyV-positive MCCs, 12 MCPyV-negative MCCs with squamous cell carcinoma, and 7 MCPyV-negative pure MCCs. They were stained immunohistochemically with IDO1, TDO2, and AhR antibodies and analyzed. Higher IDO1 expression in MCC tumor cells was found in MCPyV-negative than in MCPyV-positive MCC (P < .001). The tumor microenvironment (TME) in MCPyV-negative MCC expressed higher TDO2 than in MCPyV-positive MCC (P < .001). Kaplan-Meier and log-rank tests showed that MCC with lower IDO1 expression in tumor cells and with lower TDO2 and AhR expressions in TME had better overall survival than otherwise (P = .043, .008, and .035, respectively); lower TDO2 expression in TME was also associated with longer disease-specific survival (P = .016). This suggests that IDO1, TDO2, and AhR express differentially in tumor cells or TME and play different roles in tumorigenesis between MCPyV-positive and MCPyV-negative MCC that may affect the MCC biology. Evaluating IDO1/TDO2/AhR expression is important for selecting the most likely patients with MCC for immunotherapies targeting the IDO1/TDO2-AhR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lusi Oka Wardhani
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8503, Japan; Clinical Pathology Department, Medical Faculty of Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia.
| | - Michiko Matsushita
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8503, Japan; Department of Pathobiological Science and Technology, School of Health Science, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8503, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Iwasaki
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Kuwamoto
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8503, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Nonaka
- Department of Cellular Pathology, The Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE11, United Kingdom; The Christie Hospital and University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, United Kingdom.
| | - Keiko Nagata
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8503, Japan.
| | - Masako Kato
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8503, Japan.
| | - Yukisato Kitamura
- Department of Pathobiological Science and Technology, School of Health Science, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8503, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiko Hayashi
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8503, Japan.
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172
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The Protein Expression of PDL1 Is Highly Correlated with Those of eIF2 α and ATF4 in Lung Cancer. DISEASE MARKERS 2018; 2018:5068701. [PMID: 30305853 PMCID: PMC6165588 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5068701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The expression of programmed death 1 (PD1) and programmed death ligand 1 (PDL1) can be induced by the interferon (IFN)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway. The PD1/PDL1 reverse signaling can activate the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (eIF2α)/activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) pathway which in turn regulates the expression of IFN regulatory factor (IRF) 7 and IFNα. The eIF2α/ATF4 pathway is responsible for the integrated stress response (ISR) of unfolded protein response (UPR) which can affect immune cell function in tumor microenvironment. Materials and Methods The protein levels of PDL1, IRF1, IRF7, STAT1, STAT2, IFNAR1, eIF2α, and ATF4 in the normal and tumor tissues of 27 subjects with lung cancer were determined by Western blot. Results The protein level of PDL1 was significantly correlated with those of IRF1, eIF2α, and ATF4 in the tissues of all subjects and the subgroup of squamous cell carcinoma but not in the normal tissue of adenocarcinoma. The protein levels of IRF1, eIF2α, and ATF4 were consistently correlated in the tumor tissues but to various extents in the normal ones. The protein level of PDL1 was not correlated with those of STAT1 and STAT2 in all the tissues. Conclusion The PDL1 expression in lung cancer may be independent of STAT1 and STAT2. The PD1/PDL1 axis and UPR/ISR may be closely associated in the tumor tissues of lung cancer.
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173
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Klein D. The Tumor Vascular Endothelium as Decision Maker in Cancer Therapy. Front Oncol 2018; 8:367. [PMID: 30250827 PMCID: PMC6139307 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic and pathophysiologic criteria prearrange the uncontrolled growth of neoplastic cells that in turn initiates new vessel formation, which is prerequisite for further tumor growth and progression. This first endothelial lining is patchy, disordered in structure and thus, angiogenic tumor vessels were proven to be functionally inferior. As a result, tumors were characterized by areas with an apparent oversupply in addition to areas with an undersupply of vessels, which complicates an efficient administration of intravenous drugs in cancer therapy and might even lower the response e.g. of radiotherapy (RT) because of the inefficient oxygen supply. In addition to the vascular dysfunction, tumor blood vessels contribute to the tumor escape from immunity by the lack of response to inflammatory activation (endothelial anergy) and by repression of leukocyte adhesion molecule expression. However, tumor vessels can remodel by the association with and integration of pericytes and smooth muscle cells which stabilize these immature vessels resulting in normalization of the vascular structures. This normalization of the tumor vascular bed could improve the efficiency of previously established therapeutic approaches, such as chemo- or radiotherapy by a more homogenous drug and oxygen distribution, and/or by overcoming endothelial anergy. This review highlights the current investigations that take advantage of a proper vascular function for improving cancer therapy with a special focus on the endothelial-immune system interplay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Klein
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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174
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Yang R, Chen Y, Pan L, Yang Y, Zheng Q, Hu Y, Wang Y, Zhang L, Sun Y, Li Z, Meng X. Design, synthesis and structure-activity relationship study of novel naphthoindolizine and indolizinoquinoline-5,12-dione derivatives as IDO1 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:4886-4897. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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175
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Challenging PD-L1 expressing cytotoxic T cells as a predictor for response to immunotherapy in melanoma. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2921. [PMID: 30050132 PMCID: PMC6062523 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05047-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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176
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Miyasato Y, Takashima Y, Takeya H, Yano H, Hayano A, Nakagawa T, Makino K, Takeya M, Yamanaka R, Komohara Y. The expression of PD-1 ligands and IDO1 by macrophage/microglia in primary central nervous system lymphoma. J Clin Exp Hematop 2018; 58:95-101. [PMID: 29998979 DOI: 10.3960/jslrt.18001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent progress in anti-tumor immunotherapy has focused on the significance of the tumor microenvironment in tumor progression and resistance to chemo/radio-therapy. Myeloid cells such as macrophages are predominant stromal components in hematological malignancies. In the present study, we investigated the regulation of programmed death-1 (PD-1) ligand expression in primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) using PCNSL cell lines and human monocyte-derived macrophages. TK PCNSL cell line-derived soluble factors induced overexpression of PD-1 ligands, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1), and several other cytokines in macrophages. The expression of PD-1 ligands was dependent on the activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3. PD-L1 and IDO1 were overexpressed by macrophage/microglia in PCNSL tissues, and gene expression profiling indicated that IDO1 expression was positively correlated with the expression of macrophage and lymphocyte markers. Macrophage-derived factors did not influence the proliferation or chemo-sensitivity of cell lines. These data suggest that the expression of immunosuppressive molecules, including PD-1 ligands and IDO1, by macrophage/microglia may be involved in immune evasion of lymphoma cells.
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177
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Novel natural killer cell-mediated cancer immunotherapeutic activity of anisomycin against hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10668. [PMID: 30006566 PMCID: PMC6045618 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29048-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in the clinical management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), this form of cancer remains the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Currently, there are few treatment options for advanced HCC. Therefore, novel treatment strategies for HCC are required. Here, we described the promising antitumour effects of anisomycin, which exerts both direct killing effects and natural killer cell (NK)-mediated immunotherapeutic effects in HCC. To better elucidate the mechanisms through which anisomycin mediates its antitumour effects, we performed a genome-scale transcriptional analysis. We found that anisomycin treatment of HCC differentially modulated a broad range of immune regulation-associated genes. Among these immune regulation-associated genes, we found that lymphocyte function-associated antigen-3 (LFA-3, also called CD58), whose expression was significantly increased in anisomycin-treated HCC cells, was a critical player in NK-mediated immunotherapeutic effects. Furthermore major histocompatibility complex molecules class I (MHC-I) on HCC cells were also significantly regulated by treatment of anisomycin. Those adhesion molecules like CD58, MHC-I, and ICAM4 should be important for immune synapse formation between NK cells and HCC cells to boost NK-mediated immunotherapeutic effects. Notably, this is the first report of NK-dependent immunomodulatory effects of anisomycin suggesting anisomycin as a novel therapeutic drug for treatment of HCC.
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178
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Heeren AM, van Dijk I, Berry DRAI, Khelil M, Ferns D, Kole J, Musters RJP, Thijssen VL, Mom CH, Kenter GG, Bleeker MCG, de Gruijl TD, Jordanova ES. Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Expression Pattern in the Tumor Microenvironment Predicts Clinical Outcome in Early Stage Cervical Cancer. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1598. [PMID: 30050535 PMCID: PMC6050387 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) enzyme can act as an immunoregulator by inhibiting T cell function via the degradation of the essential amino acid tryptophan (trp) into kynurenine (kyn) and its derivates. The kyn/trp ratio in serum is a prognostic factor for cervical cancer patients; however, information about the relationship between serum levels and IDO expression in the tumor is lacking. IDO expression was studied in 71 primary and 14 paired metastatic cervical cancer samples by various immunohistochemical (IHC) techniques, including 7-color fluorescent multiparameter IHC, and the link between the concentration of IDO metabolites in serum, clinicopathological characteristics, and the presence of (proliferating) T cells (CD8, Ki67, and FoxP3) was examined. In addition, we compared the relationships between IDO1 and IFNG gene expression and clinical parameters using RNAseq data from 144 cervical tumor samples published by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Here, we demonstrate that patchy tumor IDO expression is associated with an increased systemic kyn/trp ratio in cervical cancer (P = 0.009), whereas marginal tumor expression at the interface with the stroma is linked to improved disease-free (DFS) (P = 0.017) and disease-specific survival (P = 0.043). The latter may be related to T cell infiltration and localized IFNγ release inducing IDO expression. Indeed, TCGA analysis of 144 cervical tumor samples revealed a strong and positive correlation between IDO1 and IFNG mRNA expression levels (P < 0.001) and a significant association with improved DFS for high IDO1 and IFNG transcript levels (P = 0.031). Unexpectedly, IDO+ tumors had higher CD8+Ki67+ T cell rates (P = 0.004). Our data thus indicate that the serum kyn/trp ratio and IDO expression in primary tumor samples are not clear-cut biomarkers for prognosis and stratification of patients with early stage cervical cancer for clinical trials implementing IDO inhibitors. Rather, a marginal IDO expression pattern in the tumor dominantly predicts favorable outcome, which might be related to IFNγ release in the cervical tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Marijne Heeren
- Center Gynecological Oncology Amsterdam (CGOA), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Cancer Center Amsterdam, Departments of Medical Oncology & Radiation Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ilse van Dijk
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Departments of Medical Oncology & Radiation Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Maryam Khelil
- Center Gynecological Oncology Amsterdam (CGOA), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Debbie Ferns
- Center Gynecological Oncology Amsterdam (CGOA), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Kole
- Laboratory for Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - René J P Musters
- Laboratory for Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Victor L Thijssen
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Departments of Medical Oncology & Radiation Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Constantijne H Mom
- Center Gynecological Oncology Amsterdam (CGOA), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gemma G Kenter
- Center Gynecological Oncology Amsterdam (CGOA), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Center Gynecological Oncology Amsterdam (CGOA), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Center Gynecological Oncology Amsterdam (CGOA), Department of Gynecology, Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Maaike C G Bleeker
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tanja D de Gruijl
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Departments of Medical Oncology & Radiation Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ekaterina S Jordanova
- Center Gynecological Oncology Amsterdam (CGOA), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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179
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Catharina L, Carels N. Specific enzyme functionalities of Fusarium oxysporum compared to host plants. Gene 2018; 676:219-226. [PMID: 29981422 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The genus Fusarium contains some of the most studied and important species of plant pathogens that economically affect world agriculture and horticulture. Fusarium spp. are ubiquitous fungi widely distributed in soil, plants as well as in different organic substrates and are also considered as opportunistic human pathogens. The identification of specific enzymes essential to the metabolism of these fungi is expected to provide molecular targets to control the diseases they induce to their hosts. Through applications of traditional techniques of sequence homology comparison by similarity search and Markov modeling, this report describes the characterization of enzymatic functionalities associated to protein targets that could be considered for the control of root rots induced by Fusarium oxysporum. From the analysis of 318 F. graminearum enzymes, we retrieved 30 enzymes that are specific of F. oxysporum compared to 15 species of host plants. By comparing these 30 specific enzymes of F. oxysporum with the genome of Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassica rapa, Glycine max, Jatropha curcas and Ricinus communis, we found 7 key specific enzymes whose inhibition is expected to affect significantly the development of the fungus and 5 specific enzymes that were considered here to be secondary because they are inserted in pathways with alternative routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Catharina
- Laboratório de Modelagem de Sistemas Biológicos, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Inovação em Doenças de Populações Negligenciadas (INCT-IDPN), Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Saúde (CDTS), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Av. Brasil, 4036, Prédio da Expansão, 8° andar, sala 814, CEP: 21040-361 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Nicolas Carels
- Laboratório de Modelagem de Sistemas Biológicos, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Inovação em Doenças de Populações Negligenciadas (INCT-IDPN), Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Saúde (CDTS), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Av. Brasil, 4036, Prédio da Expansão, 8° andar, sala 814, CEP: 21040-361 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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180
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Andersen MH. The T-win® technology: immune-modulating vaccines. Semin Immunopathol 2018; 41:87-95. [PMID: 29968045 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-018-0695-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The T-win® technology is an innovative investigational approach designed to activate the body's endogenous anti-regulatory T cells (anti-Tregs) to target regulatory as well as malignant cells. Anti-Tregs are naturally occurring T cells that can directly react against regulatory immune cells because they recognize proteins that these targets express, including indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), tryptophan 2,6-dioxygenase, arginase, and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1). The T-win® technology is characterized by therapeutic vaccination with long peptide epitopes derived from these antigens and therefore offers a novel way to target genetically stable cells with regular human leukocyte antigen expression in the tumor microenvironment. The T-win® technology thus also represents a novel way to attract pro-inflammatory cells to the tumor microenvironment where they can directly affect immune inhibitory pathways, potentially altering tolerance to tumor antigens. The modification of an immune regulatory environment into a pro-inflammatory milieu potentiates effective anti-tumor T cell responses. Many regulatory immune cells may be reverted into effector cells given the right stimulus. Because T-win® technology is based on the immune-modulatory function of the vaccines, the vaccines activate both CD4 and CD8 anti-Tregs. Of importance, in clinical trials, vaccinations against IDO or PD-L1 to potentiate anti-Tregs have so far proved to be safe, with minimal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mads Hald Andersen
- Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT), Department of Hematology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, DK-2730, Herlev, Denmark. .,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,IO Biotech ApS, DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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181
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Shahin MI, Roy J, Hanafi M, Wang D, Luesakul U, Chai Y, Muangsin N, Lasheen DS, Abou El Ella DA, Abouzid KA, Neamati N. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-4-carboxamide derivatives for the treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 155:516-530. [PMID: 29908444 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
No new and effective treatments have been approved for the treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in the past decade. Cisplatin and 5-fluoruracil are the most commonly used drugs for this disease. In order to develop a new class of drugs effective in our ESCC phenotypic screens, we began a systematic approach to generate novel compounds based on the 2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-4-carboxamide fragment. Herein, we report on the synthesis and initial assessment of 55 new analogues in two ESCC cell lines. Some of the active analogues with IC50 values around 10 μM were tested in three additional cell lines. Our structure-activity relationships revealed remarkable alterations in the anti proliferative activities upon modest chemical modifications and autophagy modulation is a suggested mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai I Shahin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 1600 Huron Parkway, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States; Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Joyeeta Roy
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 1600 Huron Parkway, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
| | - Maha Hanafi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 1600 Huron Parkway, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Dongyao Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 1600 Huron Parkway, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States; School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Urarika Luesakul
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 1600 Huron Parkway, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Yifeng Chai
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Nongnuj Muangsin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Deena S Lasheen
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Dalal A Abou El Ella
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, 11566, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, 62511, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Khaled A Abouzid
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Nouri Neamati
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 1600 Huron Parkway, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States.
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182
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Gatzka MV. Targeted Tumor Therapy Remixed-An Update on the Use of Small-Molecule Drugs in Combination Therapies. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E155. [PMID: 29794999 PMCID: PMC6025289 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10060155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, the treatment of tumor patients has been revolutionized by the highly successful introduction of novel targeted therapies, in particular small-molecule kinase inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies, as well as by immunotherapies. Depending on the mutational status, BRAF and MEK inhibitor combinations or immune checkpoint inhibitors are current first-line treatments for metastatic melanoma. However, despite great improvements of survival rates limitations due to tumor heterogeneity, primary and acquired therapy resistance, immune evasion, and economical considerations will need to be overcome. Accordingly, ongoing clinical trials explore the individualized use of small-molecule drugs in new targeted therapy combinations based on patient parameters and tumor biopsies. With focus on melanoma therapy this review aims at providing a comprehensive overview of such novel alternative and combinational therapy strategies currently emerging from basic research. The molecular principles and drug classes that may hold promise for improved tumor therapy combination regimens including kinase inhibition, induction of apoptosis, DNA-damage response inhibition, epigenetic reprogramming, telomerase inhibition, redox modulation, metabolic reprogramming, proteasome inhibition, cancer stem cell transdifferentiation, immune cell signaling modulation, and others, are explained in brief. In addition, relevant targeted therapy combinations in current clinical trials and individualized treatment strategies are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina V Gatzka
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
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183
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Åkesson K, Pettersson S, Ståhl S, Surowiec I, Hedenström M, Eketjäll S, Trygg J, Jakobsson PJ, Gunnarsson I, Svenungsson E, Idborg H. Kynurenine pathway is altered in patients with SLE and associated with severe fatigue. Lupus Sci Med 2018; 5:e000254. [PMID: 29868176 PMCID: PMC5976103 DOI: 10.1136/lupus-2017-000254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fatigue has been reported as the most disturbing symptom in a majority of patients with SLE. Depression is common and often severe. Together these symptoms cause significant morbidity and affect patients with otherwise relatively mild disease. Tryptophan and its metabolites in the kynurenine pathway are known to be important in several psychiatric conditions, for example, depression, which are often also associated with fatigue. We therefore investigated the kynurenine pathway in patients with SLE and controls. METHODS In a cross-sectional design plasma samples from 132 well-characterised patients with SLE and 30 age-matched and gender-matched population-based controls were analysed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry to measure the levels of tryptophan and its metabolites kynurenine and quinolinic acid. Fatigue was measured with Fatigue Severity Scale and depression with Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. SLE disease activity was assessed with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI). RESULTS The kynurenine/tryptophan ratio, as a measure of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) activity, was increased in patients with SLE. Patients with active disease (SLEDAI ≥6) showed lower tryptophan levels compared with controls (54 µM, SD=19 vs 62 µM, SD=14, p=0.03), although patients with SLE overall did not differ compared with controls. Patients with SLE had higher levels of tryptophan metabolites kynurenine (966 nM, SD=530) and quinolinic acid (546 nM, SD=480) compared with controls (kynurenine: 712 nM, SD=230, p=0.0001; quinolinic acid: 380 nM, SD=150, p=0.001). Kynurenine, quinolinic acid and the kynurenine/tryptophan ratio correlated weakly with severe fatigue (rs =0.34, rs =0.28 and rs =0.24, respectively) but not with depression. CONCLUSIONS Metabolites in the kynurenine pathway are altered in patients with SLE compared with controls. Interestingly, fatigue correlated weakly with measures of enhanced tryptophan metabolism, while depression did not. Drugs targeting enzymes in the kynurenine pathway, for example, IDO inhibitors or niacin (B12) supplementation, which suppresses IDO activity, merit further investigation as treatments in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Åkesson
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanne Pettersson
- Theme Inflammation and Infection, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Ståhl
- Personalized Healthcare and Biomarkers Laboratories, Innovative Medicines, Science for Life Laboratory, Translational Science Centre, AstraZeneca, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Izabella Surowiec
- Department of Chemistry, Computational Life Science Cluster, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mattias Hedenström
- Department of Chemistry, Computational Life Science Cluster, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Susanna Eketjäll
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre (ICMC), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Johan Trygg
- Department of Chemistry, Computational Life Science Cluster, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Per-Johan Jakobsson
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Iva Gunnarsson
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elisabet Svenungsson
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helena Idborg
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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184
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Meireson A, Chevolet I, Hulstaert E, Ferdinande L, Ost P, Geboes K, De Man M, Van de Putte D, Verset L, Kruse V, Demetter P, Brochez L. Peritumoral endothelial indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase expression is an early independent marker of disease relapse in colorectal cancer and is influenced by DNA mismatch repair profile. Oncotarget 2018; 9:25216-25224. [PMID: 29861865 PMCID: PMC5982767 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting immune checkpoint molecules has become a major new strategy in the treatment of several cancers. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO)-inhibitors are a potential next-generation immunotherapy, currently investigated in multiple phase I-III trials. IDO is an intracellular immunosuppressive enzyme and its expression/activity has been associated with worse prognosis in several cancers. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression pattern of IDO in colorectal cancer (CRC). In a cohort of 94 CRC patients, primary tumors (PTs) with corresponding tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLNs, n = 93) and extranodal/distant metastases (n = 27) were retrospectively analyzed by immunohistochemical staining for IDO, CD8 and Foxp3. 45 MSS and 37 MSI-H tumors were selected to compare IDO expression, as these tumors are considered to have different immunogenicity. A highly consistent expression pattern of IDO was observed in the PT, TDLNs and metastases, indicating that immune resistance may be determined very early in the disease course. IDO was expressed both by tumoral cells and host endothelial cells and these expressions were highly correlated (p < 0.001). IDO expression was observed more frequently in the MSI-H subset compared with the MSS subset (43% vs 22% for tumoral expression (p = 0.042) and 38% vs 16% for endothelial expression (p = 0.021)). Endothelial IDO expression was demonstrated to be a negative prognostic marker for recurrence free survival independent of disease stage and DNA mismatch repair (MMR) status (HR 20.67, 95% CI: 3.05–139.94; p = 0.002). These findings indicate that endothelial IDO expression in primary CRC, in addition to the MMR profile, may be helpful in disease stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabel Meireson
- Department of Dermatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Inès Chevolet
- Department of Dermatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eva Hulstaert
- Department of Dermatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Piet Ost
- Department of Radiation-Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Immuno-Oncology Network Ghent (ION Ghent), Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karen Geboes
- Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Oncology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marc De Man
- Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Oncology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dirk Van de Putte
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Laurine Verset
- Department of Pathology, Erasme Hospital, ULB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vibeke Kruse
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Immuno-Oncology Network Ghent (ION Ghent), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Demetter
- Department of Pathology, Erasme Hospital, ULB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lieve Brochez
- Department of Dermatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Immuno-Oncology Network Ghent (ION Ghent), Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
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185
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Checkpoint blockade has changed the treatment landscape in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but single-agent approaches are effective for only a select subset of patients. Here, we will review the evidence for combination immunotherapies in NSCLC and the clinical data evaluating the efficacy of this approach. RECENT FINDINGS Clinical trials evaluating combination PD-1 and CTLA-4 blockade as well as PD-1 in combination with agents targeting IDO1, B7-H3, VEGF, and EGFR show promising results. Additional studies targeting other immune pathways like TIGIT, LAG-3, and cellular therapies are ongoing. Combination immunotherapy has the potential to improve outcomes in NSCLC. Data from early clinical trials is promising and reveals that these agents can be administered together safely without a significant increase in toxicity. Further studies are needed to evaluate their long-term safety and efficacy and to determine appropriate patient selection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charu Aggarwal
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA. .,Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, South Pavilion, Floor 10, 3400 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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186
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Rosenberg AJ, Wainwright DA, Rademaker A, Galvez C, Genet M, Zhai L, Lauing KL, Mulcahy MF, Hayes JP, Odell DD, Horbinski C, Komanduri S, Tetreault MP, Kim KYA, Villaflor VM. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 and overall survival of patients diagnosed with esophageal cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 9:23482-23493. [PMID: 29805749 PMCID: PMC5955099 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is an enzyme with immunomodulatory properties that has emerged as a potential immunotherapeutic target in human cancer. However, the role, expression pattern, and relevance of IDO1 in esophageal cancer (EC) are poorly understood. Here, we utilize gene expression analysis of the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) to better understand the role and prognostic significance of IDO1 in EC. RESULTS High IDO1 mRNA levels were associated with worse overall survival (OS) in both esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (P = 0.02) and adenocarcinoma (AC) (P = 0.036). High co-expression of IDO1 and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) was associated with worse OS in SCC (P = 0.0031) and AC (P = 0.0186). IHC for IDO1 in SCC showed a significant correlation with PD-L1 (P < 0.0001) and CD3ε (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS EC with high IDO1 and PD-L1 expression is significantly correlated with decreased patient survival, and may correlate with increased T-cells. These data suggest that simultaneous inhibition of IDO1 and PD-(L)1 may overcome important barriers to T-cell mediated immune rejection of EC. MATERIALS AND METHODS mRNA expression data from TCGA (SCC N = 87; AC N = 97). IHC in a second cohort of EC (N = 93) were stained for IDO1, PD-L1, and CD3ε, followed by light microscopic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari J. Rosenberg
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine of Northwestern University, Chicago, 60611 IL, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, 60611 IL, USA
| | - Derek A. Wainwright
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, 60611 IL, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine of Northwestern University, Chicago, 60611 IL, USA
| | - Alfred Rademaker
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, 60611 IL, USA
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine of Northwestern University, Chicago, 60611 IL, USA
| | - Carlos Galvez
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine of Northwestern University, Chicago, 60611 IL, USA
| | - Matthew Genet
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine of Northwestern University, Chicago, 60611 IL, USA
| | - Lijie Zhai
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine of Northwestern University, Chicago, 60611 IL, USA
| | - Kristen L. Lauing
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine of Northwestern University, Chicago, 60611 IL, USA
| | - Mary F. Mulcahy
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, 60611 IL, USA
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine of Northwestern University, Chicago, 60611 IL, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, 60611 IL, USA
- Northwestern Medicine Developmental Therapeutics Institute, Chicago, 60611 IL, USA
| | - John P. Hayes
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, 60611 IL, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, 60611 IL, USA
| | - David D. Odell
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, 60611 IL, USA
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, 60611 IL, USA
| | - Craig Horbinski
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, 60611 IL, USA
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, 60611 IL, USA
| | - Srinadh Komanduri
- Department of Gastroenterology, Northwestern University, Chicago, 60611 IL, USA
| | | | - Kwang-Youn A. Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine of Northwestern University, Chicago, 60611 IL, USA
| | - Victoria M. Villaflor
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, 60611 IL, USA
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine of Northwestern University, Chicago, 60611 IL, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, 60611 IL, USA
- Northwestern Medicine Developmental Therapeutics Institute, Chicago, 60611 IL, USA
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187
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Rieth J, Subramanian S. Mechanisms of Intrinsic Tumor Resistance to Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051340. [PMID: 29724044 PMCID: PMC5983580 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
An increased understanding of the interactions between the immune system and tumors has opened the door to immunotherapy for cancer patients. Despite some success with checkpoint inhibitors including ipilimumab, pembrolizumab, and nivolumab, most cancer patients remain unresponsive to such immunotherapy, likely due to intrinsic tumor resistance. The mechanisms most likely involve reducing the quantity and/or quality of antitumor lymphocytes, which ultimately are driven by any number of developments: tumor mutations and adaptations, reduced neoantigen generation or expression, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) overexpression, loss of phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) expression, and overexpression of the Wnt⁻β-catenin pathway. Current work in immunotherapy continues to identify various tumor resistance mechanisms; future work is needed to develop adjuvant treatments that target those mechanisms, in order to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy and to expand its scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Rieth
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, 11-212 Moos Tower, Mayo Mail Code 195, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Subbaya Subramanian
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, 11-212 Moos Tower, Mayo Mail Code 195, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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188
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Liu X, Zhou W, Zhang X, Ding Y, Du Q, Hu R. 1-L-MT, an IDO inhibitor, prevented colitis-associated cancer by inducing CDC20 inhibition-mediated mitotic death of colon cancer cells. Int J Cancer 2018; 143:1516-1529. [PMID: 29607498 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), known as IDO, catabolizes tryptophan through kynurenine pathway, whose activity is correlated with impaired clinical outcome of colorectal cancer. Here we showed that 1-L-MT, a canonical IDO inhibitor, suppressed proliferation of human colorectal cancer cells through inducing mitotic death. Our results showed that inhibition of IDO decreased the transcription of CDC20, which resulted in G2/M cycle arrest of HCT-116 and HT-29. Furthermore, 1-L-MT induced mitochondria injuries and caused apoptotic cancer cells. Importantly, 1-L-MT protected mice from azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colon carcinogenesis, with reduced mortality, tumor number and size. What is more, IDO1-/- mice exhibited fewer tumor burdens and reduced proliferation in the neoplastic epithelium, while, 1-L-MT did not exhibit any further protective effects on IDO-/- mice, confirming the critical role of IDO and the protective effect of 1-L-MT-mediated IDO inhibition in CRC. Furthermore, 1-L-MT also alleviated CRC in Rag1-/- mice, demonstrating the modulatory effects of IDO independent of its role in modulating adaptive immunity. Taken together, our findings validated that the anti-proliferation effect of 1-L-MT in vitro and the prevention of CRC in vivo were through IDO-induced cell cycle disaster of colon cancer cells. Our results identified 1-L-MT as a promising candidate for the chemoprevention of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuting Liu
- Department of Physiology, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Physiology, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Physiology, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Ding
- Department of Physiology, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qianming Du
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rong Hu
- Department of Physiology, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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189
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Seeber A, Klinglmair G, Fritz J, Steinkohl F, Zimmer KC, Aigner F, Horninger W, Gastl G, Zelger B, Brunner A, Pichler R. High IDO-1 expression in tumor endothelial cells is associated with response to immunotherapy in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:1583-1591. [PMID: 29498788 PMCID: PMC5980224 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nivolumab belongs to the standard therapy in the second‐line setting of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). Although deep and long‐lasting responses are seen in some patients, the majority of patients will further progress. PD‐L1 is still under critical evaluation as a predictive biomarker. Thus, more accurate biomarkers are clearly warranted. Here, we investigated for the first time the predictive role of IDO‐1, a negative immune‐regulatory molecule, on clear cell RCC tissues of 15 patients undergoing nivolumab therapy. IDO‐1 and other immune inhibitory molecules (PD‐L1, PD‐L2, FOXP3) as well as immune cell subsets (CD3, CD4 and CD8) were measured on formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded sections of RCC specimens by immunohistochemistry. IDO‐1 was predominantly expressed in tumor endothelial cells, and was totally absent from tumor cells itself. IDO‐1 overexpression (>10%) could be detected more frequently in responders (100%, n = 6/6) compared to non‐responders (33.3%, n = 3/9; P = .028), resulting in a better progression‐free survival during immunotherapy (IDO‐1 ≤ 10% vs >10%, median: 3.5 vs not estimated (NE) months, P = .01 by log‐rank test). In addition, IDO‐1 was positively correlated with CD8+ T cell expression (rs = .691, P = .006). PD‐L1 expression on tumor cells was negative in 13 (86.7%) of 15 patients, irrespective of therapeutic response (responders vs non‐responders: 83.3% vs 88.9%). No differences were noticed in the PD‐L1 expression on tumor‐infiltrating immune cells (PD‐L1 < 1% in 66.7% of both responders and non‐responders). In contrast to PD‐L1, these results suggest that IDO‐1 may be a more promising predictive biomarker for response to immune‐based cancer therapy in mRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Seeber
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gerald Klinglmair
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Josef Fritz
- Department of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Health Economics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Fabian Steinkohl
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Kai-Christian Zimmer
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Friedrich Aigner
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Horninger
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Günther Gastl
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bettina Zelger
- Department of Pathology, Division of General Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andrea Brunner
- Department of Pathology, Division of General Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Renate Pichler
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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190
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Zhang G, Xing J, Wang Y, Wang L, Ye Y, Lu D, Zhao J, Luo X, Zheng M, Yan S. Discovery of Novel Inhibitors of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1 Through Structure-Based Virtual Screening. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:277. [PMID: 29651242 PMCID: PMC5884943 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is an intracellular monomeric heme-containing enzyme that catalyzes the first and the rate limiting step in catabolism of tryptophan via the kynurenine (KYN) pathway, which plays a significant role in the proliferation and differentiation of T cells. IDO1 has been proven to be an attractive target for anticancer therapy and chronic viral infections. In the present study, a class of IDO1 inhibitors with novel scaffolds were identified by virtual screening and biochemical validation, in which the compound DC-I028 shows moderate IDO1 inhibitory activity with an IC50 of 21.61 μM on enzymatic level and 89.11 μM on HeLa cell. In the following hit expansion stage, DC-I02806, an analog of DC-I028, showed better inhibitory activity with IC50 about 18 μM on both enzymatic level and cellular level. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) of DC-I028 and its analogs was then discussed based on the molecular docking result. The novel IDO1 inhibitors of DC-I028 and its analogs may provide useful clues for IDO1 inhibitor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Zhang
- School of the Physical Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yulan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lihao Wang
- School of Science, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jihui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingyue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiying Yan
- School of the Physical Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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191
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Brant MG, Goodwin-Tindall J, Stover KR, Stafford PM, Wu F, Meek AR, Schiavini P, Wohnig S, Weaver DF. Identification of Potent Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) Inhibitors Based on a Phenylimidazole Scaffold. ACS Med Chem Lett 2018; 9:131-136. [PMID: 29456801 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1) is an attractive immunotherapeutic approach for the treatment of a variety of cancers. Dysregulation of this enzyme has also been implicated in other disorders including Alzheimer's disease and arthritis. Herein, we report the structure-based design of two related series of molecules: N1-substituted 5-indoleimidazoles and N1-substituted 5-phenylimidazoles. The latter (and more potent) series was accessed through an unexpected rearrangement of an imine intermediate during a Van Leusen imidazole synthesis reaction. Evidence for the binding modes for both inhibitor series is supported by computational and structure-activity relationship studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G. Brant
- Krembil
Research Institute, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Jake Goodwin-Tindall
- Krembil
Research Institute, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Kurt R. Stover
- Krembil
Research Institute, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Paul M. Stafford
- Krembil
Research Institute, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Fan Wu
- Krembil
Research Institute, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Autumn R. Meek
- Krembil
Research Institute, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Paolo Schiavini
- Krembil
Research Institute, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Stephanie Wohnig
- Krembil
Research Institute, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Donald F. Weaver
- Krembil
Research Institute, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto M5T 2S8, Canada
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto M55 3H6, Canada
- Department
of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto M5G 2C4, Canada
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192
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[Current aspects in the prognosis of advanced melanoma]. Hautarzt 2018; 69:249-259. [PMID: 29396638 DOI: 10.1007/s00105-018-4124-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The therapy of metastatic melanoma has changed rapidly in recent years. Immune checkpoint blockade and targeted therapy have replaced less effective chemotherapies. New clinical studies also point towards a substantial benefit of these drugs for the adjuvant treatment of high-risk patients. Thus, the prognosis of advanced melanoma has improved. Nevertheless, it remains a life-threatening condition due to frequent relapses and progression of the disease. This article aims at providing an overview of current treatment strategies for metastasized melanoma and their impact on prognosis of the disease. In addition, changes in the recently published American Joint Committee of Cancer (AJCC) classification identifying groups at risk will be highlighted.
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193
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Griglio A, Torre E, Serafini M, Bianchi A, Schmid R, Coda Zabetta G, Massarotti A, Sorba G, Pirali T, Fallarini S. A multicomponent approach in the discovery of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 inhibitors: Synthesis, biological investigation and docking studies. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:651-657. [PMID: 29398544 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase plays a crucial role in immune tolerance and has emerged as an attractive target for cancer immunotherapy. In this study, the Passerini and Ugi multicomponent reactions have been employed to assemble a small library of imidazothiazoles that target IDO1. While the p-bromophenyl and the imidazothiazole moieties have been kept fixed, a full SAR study has been performed on the side-chain, leading to the discovery of nine compounds with sub-micromolar IC50 values in the enzyme-based assay. Compound 7d, displaying a α-acyloxyamide substructure, is the most potent compound, with an IC50 value of 0.20 µM, but a low activity in a cell-based assay. Compound 6o, containing a α-acylaminoamide moiety, shows an IC50 value of 0.81 µM in the IDO1-based assay, a full biocompatibility at 10 µM, together with a modest inhibitory activity in A375 cells. Molecular docking studies show that both 7d and 6o display a unique binding mode in the IDO1 active site, with the side-chain protruding in an additional pocket C, where a crucial hydrogen bond is formed with Lys238. Overall, this work describes an isocyanide based-multicomponent approach as a straightforward and versatile tool to rapidly access IDO1 inhibitors, providing a new direction for their future design and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Griglio
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, Novara 28100, Italy
| | - Enza Torre
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, Novara 28100, Italy
| | - Marta Serafini
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, Novara 28100, Italy
| | - Alice Bianchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, Novara 28100, Italy
| | - Roberta Schmid
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, Novara 28100, Italy
| | - Giulia Coda Zabetta
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, Novara 28100, Italy
| | - Alberto Massarotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, Novara 28100, Italy
| | - Giovanni Sorba
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, Novara 28100, Italy
| | - Tracey Pirali
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, Novara 28100, Italy.
| | - Silvia Fallarini
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, Novara 28100, Italy
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194
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Emens LA. Breast Cancer Immunotherapy: Facts and Hopes. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:511-520. [PMID: 28801472 PMCID: PMC5796849 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-3001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 495] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy is revolutionizing the management of multiple solid tumors, and early data have revealed the clinical activity of programmed cell death-1/programmed death ligand-1 (PD-1/PD-L1) antagonists in small numbers of patients with metastatic breast cancer. Clinical activity appears more likely if the tumor is triple negative, PD-L1+, and/or harbors higher levels of tumor-infiltrating leukocytes. Responses to atezolizumab and pembrolizumab appear to be durable in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), suggesting that these agents may transform the lives of responding patients. Current clinical efforts are focused on developing immunotherapy combinations that convert nonresponders to responders, deepen those responses that do occur, and surmount acquired resistance to immunotherapy. Identifying biomarkers that can predict the potential for response to single-agent immunotherapy, identify the best immunotherapy combinations for a particular patient, and guide salvage immunotherapy in patients with progressive disease are high priorities for clinical development. Smart clinical trials testing rational immunotherapy combinations that include robust biomarker evaluations will accelerate clinical progress, moving us closer to effective immunotherapy for almost all patients with breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 24(3); 511-20. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leisha A Emens
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center and Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
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195
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Hornyák L, Dobos N, Koncz G, Karányi Z, Páll D, Szabó Z, Halmos G, Székvölgyi L. The Role of Indoleamine-2,3-Dioxygenase in Cancer Development, Diagnostics, and Therapy. Front Immunol 2018; 9:151. [PMID: 29445380 PMCID: PMC5797779 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumors are composed of abnormally transformed cell types and tissues that differ from normal tissues in their genetic and epigenetic makeup, metabolism, and immunology. Molecular compounds that modulate the immune response against neoplasms offer promising new strategies to combat cancer. Inhibitors targeting the indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase 1 enzyme (IDO1) represent one of the most potent therapeutic opportunities to inhibit tumor growth. Herein, we assess the biochemical role of IDO1 in tumor metabolism and immune surveillance, and review current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches that are intended to increase the effectiveness of immunotherapies against highly aggressive and difficult-to-treat IDO-expressing cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilla Hornyák
- MTA-DE Momentum Genome Architecture and Recombination Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Nikoletta Dobos
- Department of Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gábor Koncz
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Karányi
- MTA-DE Momentum Genome Architecture and Recombination Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Dénes Páll
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Szabó
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gábor Halmos
- Department of Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Lóránt Székvölgyi
- MTA-DE Momentum Genome Architecture and Recombination Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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196
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Alexandre JAC, Swan MK, Latchem MJ, Boyall D, Pollard JR, Hughes SW, Westcott J. New 4-Amino-1,2,3-Triazole Inhibitors of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Form a Long-Lived Complex with the Enzyme and Display Exquisite Cellular Potency. Chembiochem 2018; 19:552-561. [PMID: 29240291 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Indoleamine-2,3 dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) has emerged as a central regulator of immune responses in both normal and disease biology. Due to its established role in promoting tumour immune escape, IDO1 has become an attractive target for cancer treatment. A novel series of highly cell potent IDO1 inhibitors based on a 4-amino-1,2,3-triazole core have been identified. Comprehensive kinetic, biochemical and structural studies demonstrate that compounds from this series have a noncompetitive kinetic mechanism of action with respect to the tryptophan substrate. In co-complex crystal structures, the compounds bind in the tryptophan pocket and make a direct ligand interaction with the haem iron of the porphyrin cofactor. It is proposed that these data can be rationalised by an ordered-binding mechanism, in which the inhibitor binds an apo form of the enzyme that is not competent to bind tryptophan. These inhibitors also form a very tight, long-lived complex with the enzyme, which partially explains their exquisite cellular potency. This novel series represents an attractive starting point for the future development of potent IDO1-targeted drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Kenneth Swan
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals (Europe) Limited, 86-88 Jubilee Avenue, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, OX14 4RW, UK
| | - Mike John Latchem
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals (Europe) Limited, 86-88 Jubilee Avenue, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, OX14 4RW, UK
| | - Dean Boyall
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals (Europe) Limited, 86-88 Jubilee Avenue, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, OX14 4RW, UK
| | - John Robert Pollard
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals (Europe) Limited, 86-88 Jubilee Avenue, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, OX14 4RW, UK
| | - Stuart Wynn Hughes
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals (Europe) Limited, 86-88 Jubilee Avenue, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, OX14 4RW, UK
| | - James Westcott
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals (Europe) Limited, 86-88 Jubilee Avenue, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, OX14 4RW, UK
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197
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Krähenbühl L, Goldinger SM, Mangana J, Kerl K, Chevolet I, Brochez L, Horak C, Levesque M, Dummer R, Cheng PF. A Longitudinal Analysis of IDO and PDL1 Expression during Immune- or Targeted Therapy in Advanced Melanoma. Neoplasia 2018; 20:218-225. [PMID: 29331888 PMCID: PMC5767907 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A deepened understanding of the cellular and molecular processes in the tumor microenvironment is necessary for the development of precision immunotherapy (IT). We simultaneously investigated CD3, PDL1, and IDO by immunohistochemistry in paired biopsies from various organs of 43 metastatic melanoma patients treated with IT and targeted therapy (TT). Intraindividual biopsies taken after a period of weeks to months demonstrate discordant results in 30% of the cases. Overlap of IDO and PDL1 increased after therapy. IT only marginally impacted PDL1 expression over time in contrast to TT. Standardized repeated assessments of multiple immune markers in repeated biopsies will generate detailed insights in melanoma's immune evolution and adaption during therapies and might be used to support treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Krähenbühl
- Department of Dermatology University Hospital Zurich, Gloriastrasse 31, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Simone M Goldinger
- Department of Dermatology University Hospital Zurich, Gloriastrasse 31, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Joanna Mangana
- Department of Dermatology University Hospital Zurich, Gloriastrasse 31, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Katrin Kerl
- Department of Dermatology University Hospital Zurich, Gloriastrasse 31, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ines Chevolet
- Department of Dermatology University Hospital Zurich, Gloriastrasse 31, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Liève Brochez
- Department of Dermatology University Hospital Zurich, Gloriastrasse 31, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christine Horak
- Department of Dermatology University Hospital Zurich, Gloriastrasse 31, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Mitch Levesque
- Department of Dermatology University Hospital Zurich, Gloriastrasse 31, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Reinhard Dummer
- Department of Dermatology University Hospital Zurich, Gloriastrasse 31, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Phil F Cheng
- Department of Dermatology University Hospital Zurich, Gloriastrasse 31, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland.
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198
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Prendergast GC, Malachowski WP, DuHadaway JB, Muller AJ. Discovery of IDO1 Inhibitors: From Bench to Bedside. Cancer Res 2018; 77:6795-6811. [PMID: 29247038 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-2285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 401] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Small-molecule inhibitors of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO1) are emerging at the vanguard of experimental agents in oncology. Here, pioneers of this new drug class provide a bench-to-bedside review on preclinical validation of IDO1 as a cancer therapeutic target and on the discovery and development of a set of mechanistically distinct compounds, indoximod, epacadostat, and navoximod, that were first to be evaluated as IDO inhibitors in clinical trials. As immunometabolic adjuvants to widen therapeutic windows, IDO inhibitors may leverage not only immuno-oncology modalities but also chemotherapy and radiotherapy as standards of care in the oncology clinic. Cancer Res; 77(24); 6795-811. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - James B DuHadaway
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research (LIMR), Wynnewood, Pennsylvania
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Yoneda K, Imanishi N, Ichiki Y, Tanaka F. Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICIs) in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). J UOEH 2018; 40:173-189. [PMID: 29925736 DOI: 10.7888/juoeh.40.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has become a "game changer" in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Its most clinically important advantage over traditional chemotherapy using cytotoxic agents are its long-term survival benefits, and some advanced NSCLC patients treated with an antibody against programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) have survived for 5 years or longer. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are also potentially useful for earlier-stage NSCLC when used in combination with surgery or radiotherapy. A recent clinical trial has shown that consolidation treatment with an antibody against a ligand of PD-1 (PD-L1) following chemo-radiotherapy significantly improves progression-free survival for patients with locally advanced NSCLC. However, current single-agent treatment with an anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibody may provide significant survival benefits only in a small subset of patients. PD-L1 expression status on tumor cells is an approved biomarker to predict response to ICIs, but is not enough for optimal patient selection. To improve the therapeutic outcomes, development of novel biomarkers other than PD-L1 expression status is essential. Combination treatment strategies based on blockade of PD-1/PD-L1 may also be promising, and a variety of combinations, such as ICIs plus chemotherapy, are being examined in ongoing clinical trials. Here we review and discuss the current status and future perspectives of immunotherapy with ICIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazue Yoneda
- Second Department of Surgery (Chest Surgery), School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Naoko Imanishi
- Second Department of Surgery (Chest Surgery), School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Ichiki
- Second Department of Surgery (Chest Surgery), School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Tanaka
- Second Department of Surgery (Chest Surgery), School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
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