151
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Stabilization of surface-bound antibodies for ELISA based on a reversable zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 coating. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 588:101-109. [PMID: 33388576 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.12.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Immunoassays typically must be stored under refrigerated conditions because antibodies, after being immobilized to solid surfaces, tend to lose their recognition capabilities to target antigens under non-refrigerated conditions. This requirement hinders application of immunoassays in resource-limited settings including rural clinics in tropical regions, disaster struck areas, and low-income countries, where refrigeration may not be feasible. In this work, a facile approach based on a reversable zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) coating is introduced to stabilize surface-bound antibodies on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) plates under non-refrigerated conditions. Using a sandwich ELISA for the detection of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), a urine biomarker for acute kidney injury, as a model system, ZIF-8 is demonstrated to be able to uniformly coat the surface-bound anti-NGAL IgG, and stabilize the dynamic range and detection sensitivity of the assay after storage at an elevated temperature (50 °C) for at least 4 weeks. The stabilization efficacy of the ZIF-8 coating is comparable to the current "gold standard" refrigeration approach, and superior to the commonly used sucrose coating method. This approach will greatly improve the shelf-life and stability of antibody-coated ELISAs and other types of assays which utilize surface-bound antibodies, thus extending biomedical research and medical diagnostics to resource-limited settings.
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152
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Fröhlich E, Salar-Behzadi S. Oral inhalation for delivery of proteins and peptides to the lungs. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 163:198-211. [PMID: 33852968 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oral inhalation is the preferred route for delivery of small molecules to the lungs, because high tissue levels can be achieved shortly after application. Biologics are mainly administered by intravenous injection but inhalation might be beneficial for the treatment of lung diseases (e.g. asthma). This review discusses biological and pharmaceutical challenges for delivery of biologics and describes promising candidates. Insufficient stability of the proteins during aerosolization and the biological environment of the lung are the main obstacles for pulmonary delivery of biologics. Novel nebulizers will improve delivery by inducing less shear stress and administration as dry powder appears suitable for delivery of biologics. Other promising strategies include pegylation and development of antibody fragments, while carrier-encapsulated systems currently play no major role in pulmonary delivery of biologics for lung disease. While development of various biologics has been halted or has shown little effects, AIR DNase, alpha1-proteinase inhibitor, recombinant neuraminidase, and heparin are currently being evaluated in phase III trials. Several biologics are being tested for the treatment of coronavirus disease (COVID)-19, and it is expected that these trials will lead to improvements in pulmonary delivery of biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonore Fröhlich
- Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Graz, Austria.
| | - Sharareh Salar-Behzadi
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Graz, Austria; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Graz, Austria
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153
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Hauptmann A, Hoelzl G, Loerting T. Optical cryomicroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry of buffer solutions containing cryoprotectants. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 163:127-140. [PMID: 33813056 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the pharmaceutical industry, cryoprotectants are added to buffer formulations to protect the active pharmaceutical ingredient from freeze- and thaw damage. We investigated the freezing and thawing of aqueous sodium citrate buffer with various cryoprotectants, specifically amino acids (cysteine, histidine, arginine, proline and lysine), disaccharides (trehalose and sucrose), polyhydric alcohols (glycerol and mannitol) and surfactants (polysorbate 20 and polysorbate 80). Hereby, we employed optical cryomicroscopy in combination with differential scanning calorimetry in the temperature range to -80 °C. The effect of cryoprotectants on the morphology of the ice crystals, the glass transition temperature and the initial melting temperature is presented. Some of the cryoprotectants have a significant impact on ice crystal size. Disaccharides restrict ice crystal growth, whereas surfactants and glycerol allow ice crystals to increase in size. Cysteine and mannitol cause dehydration after thawing. Either one or two glass transition temperatures were detected, where arginine, surfactants, glycerol, proline and lysine suppress the second, implying a uniform freeze-concentrated solution. The initial melting temperature of pure buffer solution can be shifted up by adding mannitol, both disaccharides and both surfactants; but down by glycerol, proline and lysine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Hauptmann
- Sandoz GmbH, Biochemiestrasse 10, 6336 Langkampfen, Austria; Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Georg Hoelzl
- Sandoz GmbH, Biochemiestrasse 10, 6336 Langkampfen, Austria.
| | - Thomas Loerting
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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154
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Ag nanoparticles outperform Au nanoparticles for the use as label in electrochemical point-of-care sensors. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 414:475-483. [PMID: 33787969 PMCID: PMC8748320 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03288-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical immunosensors enable rapid analyte quantification in small sample volumes, and have been demonstrated to provide high sensitivity and selectivity, simple miniaturization, and easy sensor production strategies. As a point-of-care (POC) format, user-friendliness is equally important and most often not combinable with high sensitivity. As such, we demonstrate here that a sequence of metal oxidation and reduction, followed by stripping via differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), provides lowest limits of detection within a 2-min automatic measurement. In exchanging gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), which dominate in the development of POC sensors, with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), not only better sensitivity was obtained, but more importantly, the assay protocol could be simplified to match POC requirements. Specifically, we studied both nanoparticles as reporter labels in a sandwich immunoassay with the blood protein biomarker NT-proBNP. For both kinds of nanoparticles, the dose-response curves easily covered the ng∙mL−1 range. The mean standard deviation of all measurements of 17% (n ≥ 4) and a limit of detection of 26 ng∙mL−1 were achieved using AuNPs, but their detection requires addition of HCl, which is impossible in a POC format. In contrast, since AgNPs are electrochemically less stable, they enabled a simplified assay protocol and provided even lower LODs of 4.0 ng∙mL−1 in buffer and 4.7 ng∙mL−1 in human serum while maintaining the same or even better assay reliability, storage stability, and easy antibody immobilization protocols. Thus, in direct comparison, AgNPs clearly outperform AuNPs in desirable POC electrochemical assays and should gain much more attention in the future development of such biosensors.
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155
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Strickley RG, Lambert WJ. A review of Formulations of Commercially Available Antibodies. J Pharm Sci 2021; 110:2590-2608.e56. [PMID: 33789155 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This review identified 126 commercially available antibodies approved globally between 1986 and February 2021 including 10 antibody drug conjugates, 16 biosimilars, and 3 antibody fragments. Prior to 2014 there were ≤ 5 approved each year, but after 2014 there have been ≥ 7 approved each year with the years 2017, 2019 and 2020 having the most at 17 each. A total of 136 products were identified of which 36 are lyophilized powders and 100 are solutions. The routes of administration are mainly subcutaneous or intravenous infusion with three intravenous bolus, two intravitreal, and one intramuscular. The subcutaneous products are ready-to-use solutions or reconstituted lyophilized powders that do not require dilution while most intravenous products are concentrates that require dilution into saline or another intravenous fluid prior to infusion. Most are packaged in single-dose units and the exception of multi-use is Herceptin® and its biosimilars. The package configurations are vials, prefilled autoinjectors, or prefilled syringes. A typical antibody formulation contains an antibody, an excipient to adjust tonicity or osmolality for solutions or a lyoprotectant for lyophilized powders, a buffer, and a surfactant. The ionic tonicity-adjusting excipient is mainly sodium chloride and the non-ionic osmolality-adjusting excipients include sucrose, trehalose, mannitol, maltose, and sorbitol. The lyoprotectants are trehalose and sucrose. The pH range is 4.8-8.0 and the buffers or pH-modifying agents include histidine, citrate, succinate, acetate, phosphate, glutamate, adipic acid, aspartic acid, lactic acid, tromethamine, and 2-(N-morpholino)-ethanesulfonic acid. The surfactants include mostly polysorbate 20 or polysorbate 80, with four containing poloxamer 188, and one that does not contain a surfactant but contains PEG 3350. One product does not contain a buffer, and 12 do not contain a surfactant. The viscosity-lowering excipients are sodium chloride and the amino acids arginine, glycine, proline, and lysine. Arginine may also function to adjust ionic strength and minimize aggregation. Human serum albumin is used in 2 products for intravenous infusion. Other excipients include methionine as an anti-oxidant, and EDTA or DTPA as chelating agents. The maximum volume of subcutaneous injection is 15 mL administered over 3-5 minutes, but the typically volume is 0.5-2 mL. Five fixed-dose combinations have recently been approved and four contain hyaluronidase to assist the large volume subcutaneous injection of up to 15 mL, while one is a fixed-dose combination for intravenous with three antibodies. Prefilled autoinjectors and syringes are becoming more common and many come affixed with a needle of 27-gauge or 29-gauge, while a few have a 26-gauge or a 30-gauge needle. Recent advancements include hyaluronidase to assist the large subcutaneous injection volume of 5-15 mL, fixed-dose combinations, buffer-free formulation, and smaller subcutaneous injection volume (0.1 mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert G Strickley
- Pliant Therapeutics, Inc., 160 Littlefield Ave, South San Francisco, CA 94020, United States.
| | - William J Lambert
- Module 3 Pharmaceutical Consulting, P.O. Box 3032, Incline Village, NV 89450, United States.
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156
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Combinatorial Effects of Protective Agents on Survival Rate of the Yeast Starter, Saccharomyces cerevisiae 88-4, after Freeze-Drying. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9030613. [PMID: 33809793 PMCID: PMC8002499 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9030613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A yeast starter is formulated for commercial practices, including storage and distribution. The cell viability of the yeast starter is one of the most important factors for manufacturing alcoholic beverages to ensure their properties during the fermentation and formulation processes. In this study, 64 potential protective agents were evaluated to enhance the survival rate of the brewing yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae 88-4 after freeze-drying. In addition, the optimized combination of protective agents was assessed for long-term storage. Finally, response surface methodology was applied to investigate the optimal concentration of each protectant. Twenty of the 64 additives led to an increase in the survival rate of freeze-dried S. cerevisiae 88-4. Among the various combinations of protectants, four had a survival rate >95%. The combination of skim milk, maltose, and maltitol exhibited the best survival rate of 61% after 42 weeks in refrigerated storage, and the composition of protectants optimized by response surface methodology was 6.5–10% skim milk, 1.8–4.5% maltose, and 16.5–18.2% maltitol. These results demonstrated that the combination of multiple protectants could alleviate damage to yeasts during freeze-drying and could be applied to the manufacturing starters for fermented foods.
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157
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Development of mAb-loaded 3D-printed (FDM) implantable devices based on PLGA. Int J Pharm 2021; 597:120337. [PMID: 33549812 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this work was to explore the feasibility to print monoclonal antibody (mAb)-loaded implantable systems using fused-deposition modelling (FDM) to build complex dosage form designs. Indeed, to our knowledge, this work is the first investigation of mAb-loaded devices using FDM. To make this possible, different steps were developed and optimized. A mAb solution was stabilized using trehalose (TRE), sucrose (SUC), hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD), sorbitol or inulin (INU) in order to be spray dried (SD). Printable filaments were then made of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) and mAb powder (15% w/w) using hot melt extrusion (HME). The FDM process was optimized to print these filaments without altering the mAb stability. TRE was selected and associated to L-leucine (LEU) to increase the mAb stability. The stability was then evaluated considering high and low molecular weight species levels. The mAb-based devices were well-stabilized with the selected excipients during both the HME and the FDM processes. The 3D-printed devices showed sustained-release profiles with a low burst effect. The mAb-binding capacity was preserved up to 70% following the whole fabrication process. These promising results demonstrate that FDM could be used to produce mAb-loaded devices with good stability, affinity and sustained-release profiles of the mAb.
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158
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Abstract
Vitrification is an alternative to cryopreservation by freezing that enables hydrated living cells to be cooled to cryogenic temperatures in the absence of ice. Vitrification simplifies and frequently improves cryopreservation because it eliminates mechanical injury from ice, eliminates the need to find optimal cooling and warming rates, eliminates the importance of differing optimal cooling and warming rates for cells in mixed cell type populations, eliminates the need to find a frequently imperfect compromise between solution effects injury and intracellular ice formation, and can enable chilling injury to be "outrun" by using rapid cooling without a risk of intracellular ice formation. On the other hand, vitrification requires much higher concentrations of cryoprotectants than cryopreservation by freezing, which introduces greater risks of both osmotic damage and cryoprotectant toxicity. Fortunately, a large number of remedies for the latter problem have been discovered over the past 35 years, and osmotic damage can in most cases be eliminated or adequately controlled by paying careful attention to cryoprotectant introduction and washout techniques. Vitrification therefore has the potential to enable the superior and convenient cryopreservation of a wide range of biological systems (including molecules, cells, tissues, organs, and even some whole organisms), and it is also increasingly recognized as a successful strategy for surviving harsh environmental conditions in nature. But the potential of vitrification is sometimes limited by an insufficient understanding of the complex physical and biological principles involved, and therefore a better understanding may not only help to improve present outcomes but may also point the way to new strategies that may be yet more successful in the future. This chapter accordingly describes the basic principles of vitrification and indicates the broad potential biological relevance of this alternative method of cryopreservation.
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159
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Impact of a Novel Nano-Protectant on the Viability of Probiotic Bacterium Lactobacillus casei K17. Foods 2021; 10:foods10030529. [PMID: 33806323 PMCID: PMC8001848 DOI: 10.3390/foods10030529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are considered as desirable alternatives to antibiotics because of their beneficial effects on the safety and economy of farm animals. The protectant can ensure the viability of probiotics, which is the prerequisite of the beneficial effects. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a novel nano-protectant containing trehalose, skim milk powder, phytoglycogen nanoparticles, and nano-phytoglycogen Pickering emulsions on the viability of Lactobacillus casei K17 under different conditions. The results indicated that the optimal concentration of the carbohydrate substrate was determined to be 10% skim milk powder (w/w) instead of trehalose. The combination of 10% skim milk powder (w/w), 1% phytoglycogen nanoparticles (w/w), and 10% Pickering emulsions (w/w) was selected as the optimal component of the protectant. Trilayer protectants with an optimal component had a more significant protective effect on the bacteria than that of the monolayer and bilayer protectants, or the control in feed storage, freeze-drying, and simulated gastrointestinal environment. A scanning electron microscope was used to monitor the morphological characteristics of the protectants for different layers on L. casei. In conclusion, the trilayer protectant exhibited a substantial effect on L. casei during storage and consumption, which could be used in the feed and functional food.
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160
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Evans SE, Harrington T, Rodriguez Rivero MC, Rognin E, Tuladhar T, Daly R. 2D and 3D inkjet printing of biopharmaceuticals - A review of trends and future perspectives in research and manufacturing. Int J Pharm 2021; 599:120443. [PMID: 33675921 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There is an ongoing global shift in pharmaceutical business models from small molecule drugs to biologics. This increase in complexity is in response to advancements in our diagnoses and understanding of diseases. With the more targeted approach coupled with its inherently more costly development and manufacturing, 2D and 3D printing are being explored as suitable techniques to deliver more personalised and affordable routes to drug discovery and manufacturing. In this review, we explore first the business context underlying this shift to biopharmaceuticals and provide an update on the latest work exploring discovery and pharmaceutics. We then draw on multiple disciplines to help reveal the shared challenges facing researchers and firms aiming to develop biopharmaceuticals, specifically when using the most commonly explored manufacturing routes of drop-on-demand inkjet printing and pneumatic extrusion. This includes separating out how to consider mechanical and chemical influences during manufacturing, the role of the chosen hardware and the challenges of aqueous formulation based on similar challenges being faced by the printing industry. Together, this provides a review of existing work and guidance for researchers and industry to help with the de-risking and rapid development of future biopharmaceutical products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Etienne Rognin
- Institute for Manufacturing, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge (UK), UK
| | | | - Ronan Daly
- Institute for Manufacturing, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge (UK), UK.
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161
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Li Z, Han X, Hong X, Li X, Gao J, Zhang H, Zheng A. Lyophilization Serves as an Effective Strategy for Drug Development of the α9α10 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Antagonist α-Conotoxin GeXIVA[1,2]. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19030121. [PMID: 33668830 PMCID: PMC7996264 DOI: 10.3390/md19030121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Conotoxin GeXIVA[1,2] is a highly potent and selective antagonist of the α9α10 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtype. It has the advantages of strong efficacy, no tolerance, and no effect on motor function, which has been expected help patients with neuropathic pain. However, drug development for clinical use is severely limited owing to its instability. Lyophilization is applied as the most preferred method to solve this problem. The prepared lyophilized powder is characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), powder X-ray diffractometry (PXRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Molecular simulation is also used to explore the internal distribution and forces formed in the system. The analgesic effect on paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain following single and 14-day repeated administrations are evaluated by the von Frey test and the tail-flick test. Trehalose combined with mannitol in a ratio of 1:1 is employed as the excipients in the determined formulation, where trehalose acts as the stabilizer and mannitol acts as the bulking agent, according to the results of DSC, PXRD, and FTIR. Both GeXIVA[1,2] (API) and GeXIVA[1,2] lyophilized powder (formulation) could produce stable analgesic effect. These results indicated that GeXIVA[1,2] lyophilized powder could improve the stability and provide an effective strategy to push it into clinical use as a new analgesic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Aiping Zheng
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-010-66931694 or +86-13520467936
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162
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Abstract
Delivery of therapeutic compounds to the site of action is crucial. While many chemical substances such as beta-lactam antibiotics can reach therapeutic levels in most parts throughout the human body after administration, substances of higher molecular weight such as therapeutic proteins may not be able to reach the site of action (e.g. an infection), and are therefore ineffective. In the case of therapeutic phages, i.e. viruses that infect microbes that can be used to treat bacterial infections, this problem is exacerbated; not only are phages unable to penetrate tissues, but phage particles can be cleared by the immune system and phage proteins are rapidly degraded by enzymes or inactivated by the low pH in the stomach. Yet, the use of therapeutic phages is a highly promising strategy, in particular for infections caused by bacteria that exhibit multi-drug resistance. Clinicians increasingly encounter situations where no treatment options remain available for such infections, where antibiotic compounds are ineffective. While the number of drug-resistant pathogens continues to rise due to the overuse and misuse of antibiotics, no new compounds are becoming available as many pharmaceutical companies discontinue their search for chemical antimicrobials. In recent years, phage therapy has undergone massive innovation for the treatment of infections caused by pathogens resistant to conventional antibiotics. While most therapeutic applications of phages are well described in the literature, other aspects of phage therapy are less well documented. In this review, we focus on the issues that are critical for phage therapy to become a reliable standard therapy and describe methods for efficient and targeted delivery of phages, including their encapsulation.
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163
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Ojha T, Hu Q, Colombo C, Wit J, van Geijn M, van Steenbergen MJ, Bagheri M, Königs-Werner H, Buhl EM, Bansal R, Shi Y, Hennink WE, Storm G, Rijcken CJF, Lammers T. Lyophilization stabilizes clinical-stage core-crosslinked polymeric micelles to overcome cold chain supply challenges. Biotechnol J 2021; 16:e2000212. [PMID: 33484630 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202000212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CriPec technology enables the generation of drug-entrapped biodegradable core-crosslinked polymeric micelles (CCPM) with high drug loading capacity, tailorable size, and drug release kinetics. Docetaxel (DTX)-entrapped CCPM, also referred to as CPC634, have demonstrated favorable pharmacokinetics, tolerability, and enhanced tumor uptake in patients. Clinical efficacy evaluation is ongoing. CPC634 is currently stored (shelf life > 5 years) and shipped as a frozen aqueous dispersion at temperatures below -60°C, in order to prevent premature release of DTX and hydrolysis of the core-crosslinks. Consequently, like other aqueous nanomedicine formulations, CPC634 relies on cold chain supply, which is unfavorable for commercialization. Lyophilization can help to bypass this issue. METHODS AND RESULTS Freeze-drying methodology for CCPM was developed by employing CPC634 as a model formulation, and sucrose and trehalose as cryoprotectants. We studied the residual moisture content and reconstitution behavior of the CPC634 freeze-dried cake, as well as the size, polydispersity index, morphology, drug retention, and release kinetics of reconstituted CPC634. Subsequently, the freeze-drying methodology was validated in an industrial setting, yielding a CPC634 freeze-dried cake with a moisture content of less than 0.1 wt%. It was found that trehalose-cryoprotected CPC634 could be rapidly reconstituted in less than 5 min at room temperature. Critical quality attributes such as size, morphology, drug retention, and release kinetics of trehalose-cryoprotected freeze-dried CPC634 upon reconstitution were identical to those of non-freeze-dried CPC634. CONCLUSION Our findings provide proof-of-concept for the lyophilization of drug-containing CCPM and our methodology is readily translatable to large-scale manufacturing for future commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Ojha
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Cell BioPhysics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Translational Liver Research, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Qizhi Hu
- Cristal Therapeutics, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jan Wit
- Saudade Pharma Consultancy, Eijsden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Mahsa Bagheri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hiltrud Königs-Werner
- Electron Microscope Facility, University Hospital RWTH, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Eva Miriam Buhl
- Electron Microscope Facility, University Hospital RWTH, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ruchi Bansal
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Medical Cell BioPhysics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Translational Liver Research, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Yang Shi
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Wim E Hennink
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Storm
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Biomaterials, Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | | | - Twan Lammers
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Biomaterials, Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
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164
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Wentland L, Polaski R, Fu E. Dry storage of multiple reagent types within a paper microfluidic device for phenylalanine monitoring. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:660-671. [PMID: 33463631 PMCID: PMC8855637 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay02043e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The degradation of biochemical reagents on the timescale of weeks can severely limit the utility of microfluidic assays intended for field use, and is a challenging aspect of microfluidic device development in general. Our study focuses on the evaluation of the dry storage stability of three types of reagents: (i) the colorimetric reagents nitroblue tetrazolium and 1-methoxy-5-methylphenazinium methylsulfate, (ii) the enzyme phenylalanine dehydrogenase, and (iii) the coenzyme β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrate, within the context of a phenylalanine monitoring device. We have demonstrated stable dry storage of each of the reagents, over the time span of approximately one month. Drying the colorimetric reagents under nitrogen was found to largely suppress reagent degradation and the appearance of nonspecific signal, while the enzyme and coenzyme retained activity when stored dry for a month without additional processing or chemical additives. Finally, phenylalanine monitoring devices with all three reagent types dried down and stored for 15 days showed comparable functionality to devices containing freshly-dried reagents - a key milestone to enable future clinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lael Wentland
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
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165
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Marschall C, Witt M, Hauptmeier B, Friess W. Powder suspensions in non-aqueous vehicles for delivery of therapeutic proteins. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 161:37-49. [PMID: 33548460 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Formulating biopharmaceuticals is a challenging task due to their complex and sensitive nature. Protein drugs are typically marketed either as an aqueous solution or as a lyophilizate. Usually aqueous solutions are preferred as neither drying nor reconstitution are required. But it may be unfeasible if the protein features low stability. An interesting alternative to avoid at least reconstitution are protein powder suspensions in non-aqueous vehicles. Such formulations combine the ready-to-use approach with the high protein stability in the solid state. Additionally, protein powder suspensions offer a potentially lower viscosity compared to aqueous solutions at high protein concentrations. Besides injection, other application routes might also benefit from the protein powder approach such as topical or inhalational delivery. Protein powders, which can be dispersed in the non-aqueous suspension vehicle, are usually prepared by spray-drying or freeze-drying with an additional milling step, but other techniques have also been described in literature. An ideal powder preparation technique results in minimum protein damage and yields particle sizes in the lower micrometre range and homogeneous particle size distribution enabling subcutaneous or intramuscular injection through hypodermic needles. As suspension vehicles traditional non-aqueous injectable liquids, such as plant oils, may be selected. But they show an inherent high viscosity, which can lead to unacceptable glide forces during injection. Furthermore, the vehicle should provide high product stability with respect to protein integrity and suspension resuspendability. This review will describe how proteins can be formulated as protein powder suspensions in non-aqueous vehicles for subcutaneous injection including potential vehicles, protein powder preparation techniques, protein and suspension physical stability, as well as the use in the field of high concentration protein formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Marschall
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmceutics, Butenandtstraße 5, D-81377 München, Germany; AbbVie Deutschland GmbH, Knollstraße 50, D-67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany(1)
| | - Madlen Witt
- Novaliq GmbH, Im Neuenheimer Feld 515, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Straße 250, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany(1)
| | - Bernhard Hauptmeier
- Novaliq GmbH, Im Neuenheimer Feld 515, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Boehringer Ingelheim, Vetmedica GmbH, Binger Straße 173, D-55216 Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany(1)
| | - Wolfgang Friess
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmceutics, Butenandtstraße 5, D-81377 München, Germany.
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166
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Screening of novel excipients for freeze-dried protein formulations. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 160:55-64. [PMID: 33508435 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The typical excipients used as bulking agents and lyoprotectants for freeze-drying are usually limited to only a few selected substances, such as sucrose and mannitol. Considering the sheer diversity amongst proteins, it is doubtful that this limited choice should, in every case, provide the best possible option in order to achieve the most stable product. In this work, a screening of 12 proteins with 64 excipients was conducted in order to increase the knowledge space of potential excipients. Three critical quality attributes (CQAs) of the freeze-dried products, namely the solid state, the cake appearance and the protein integrity based on changes in tryptophan fluorescence were investigated by high throughput X-ray powder diffraction, image analysis and intrinsic fluorescence spectroscopy, respectively. It was found, that in some cases the excipient had a dominating influence on the CQAs, whilst in other cases the CQAs were primarily protein dependent, or that the CQAs were dependent on the combination of both. In the course of this investigation, a general view of potentially relevant excipients, and their interplay with various proteins, was obtained, thereby furthermore paving the way for the use of novel freeze-drying excipients.
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167
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Crilly CJ, Brom JA, Kowalewski ME, Piszkiewicz S, Pielak GJ. Dried Protein Structure Revealed at the Residue Level by Liquid-Observed Vapor Exchange NMR. Biochemistry 2021; 60:152-159. [PMID: 33400518 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Water is key to protein structure and stability, yet the relationship between protein-water interactions and structure is poorly understood, in part because there are few techniques that permit the study of dehydrated protein structure at high resolution. Here, we describe liquid-observed vapor exchange (LOVE) NMR, a solution NMR-based method that provides residue-level information about the structure of dehydrated proteins. Using the model protein GB1, we show that LOVE NMR measurements reflect the fraction of the dried protein population trapped in a conformation where a given residue is protected from exchange with D2O vapor. Comparisons to solution hydrogen-deuterium exchange data affirm that the dried protein structure is strongly influenced by local solution stability and that the mechanism of dehydration protection exerted by the widely used protectant trehalose differs from its mechanism of stabilization in solution. Our results highlight the need for refined models of cosolute-mediated dehydration protection and demonstrate the ability of LOVE NMR to inform such models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice J Crilly
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Julia A Brom
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Mark E Kowalewski
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Samantha Piszkiewicz
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Gary J Pielak
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States.,Lineberger Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States.,Integrative Program for Biological & Genome Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7100, United States
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168
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Seifert I, Friess W. The effect of residual moisture on a monoclonal antibody stability in L-arginine based lyophilisates. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 158:53-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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169
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Chow MYT, Chang RYK, Chan HK. Inhalation delivery technology for genome-editing of respiratory diseases. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 168:217-228. [PMID: 32512029 PMCID: PMC7274121 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) system has significant therapeutic potentials for lung congenital diseases such as cystic fibrosis, as well as other pulmonary disorders like lung cancer and obstructive diseases. Local administration of CRISPR/Cas9 therapeutics through inhalation can achieve high drug concentration and minimise systemic exposure. While the field is advancing with better understanding on the biological functions achieved by CRISPR/Cas9 systems, the lack of progress in inhalation formulation and delivery of the molecule may impede their clinical translation efficiently. This forward-looking review discussed the current status of formulations and delivery for inhalation of relevant biologics such as genes (plasmids and mRNAs) and proteins, emphasising on their design strategies and preparation methods. By adapting and optimising formulation strategies used for genes and proteins, we envisage that development of inhalable CRISPR/Cas9 liquid or powder formulations for inhalation administration can potentially be fast-tracked in near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Y T Chow
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, School of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Rachel Yoon Kyung Chang
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, School of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Hak-Kim Chan
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, School of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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170
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Chen XH, Tang CH. Transparent high internal phase emulsion gels stabilized solely by proteins. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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171
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Leal-Marin S, Kern T, Hofmann N, Pogozhykh O, Framme C, Börgel M, Figueiredo C, Glasmacher B, Gryshkov O. Human Amniotic Membrane: A review on tissue engineering, application, and storage. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2020; 109:1198-1215. [PMID: 33319484 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Human amniotic membrane (hAM) has been employed as scaffolding material in a wide range of tissue engineering applications, especially as a skin dressing and as a graft for corneal treatment, due to the structure of the extracellular matrix and excellent biological properties that enhance both wound healing and tissue regeneration. This review highlights recent work and current knowledge on the application of native hAM, and/or production of hAM-based tissue-engineered products to create scaffolds mimicking the structure of the native membrane to enhance the hAM performance. Moreover, an overview is presented on the available (cryo) preservation techniques for storage of native hAM and tissue-engineered products that are necessary to maintain biological functions such as angiogenesis, anti-inflammation, antifibrotic and antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Leal-Marin
- Institute for Multiphase Processes, Leibniz University Hannover, Garbsen, Germany
| | - Thomas Kern
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Eye Hospital, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nicola Hofmann
- German Society for Tissue Transplantation (DGFG), Hannover, Germany
| | - Olena Pogozhykh
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Carsten Framme
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Eye Hospital, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Börgel
- German Society for Tissue Transplantation (DGFG), Hannover, Germany
| | - Constanca Figueiredo
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Birgit Glasmacher
- Institute for Multiphase Processes, Leibniz University Hannover, Garbsen, Germany
| | - Oleksandr Gryshkov
- Institute for Multiphase Processes, Leibniz University Hannover, Garbsen, Germany
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172
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Doerr FJS, Burns LJ, Lee B, Hinds J, Davis-Harrison RL, Frank SA, Florence AJ. Peptide Isolation via Spray Drying: Particle Formation, Process Design and Implementation for the Production of Spray Dried Glucagon. Pharm Res 2020; 37:255. [PMID: 33319329 PMCID: PMC7736029 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-020-02942-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Spray drying plays an important role in the pharmaceutical industry for product development of sensitive bio-pharmaceutical formulations. Process design, implementation and optimisation require in-depth knowledge of process-product interactions. Here, an integrated approach for the rapid, early-stage spray drying process development of trehalose and glucagon on lab-scale is presented. METHODS Single droplet drying experiments were used to investigate the particle formation process. Process implementation was supported using in-line process analytical technology within a data acquisition framework recording temperature, humidity, pressure and feed rate. During process implementation, off-line product characterisation provided additional information on key product properties related to residual moisture, solid state structure, particle size/morphology and peptide fibrillation/degradation. RESULTS A psychrometric process model allowed the identification of feasible operating conditions for spray drying trehalose, achieving high yields of up to 84.67%, and significantly reduced levels of residual moisture and particle agglomeration compared to product obtained during non-optimal drying. The process was further translated to produce powders of glucagon and glucagon-trehalose formulations with yields of >83.24%. Extensive peptide aggregation or degradation was not observed. CONCLUSIONS The presented data-driven process development concept can be applied to address future isolation problems on lab-scale and facilitate a systematic implementation of spray drying for the manufacturing of sensitive bio-pharmaceutical formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik J S Doerr
- EPSRC CMAC Future Manufacturing Research Hub, Technology and Innovation Centre, 99 George Street, Glasgow, G1 1RD, UK
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences (SIPBS), University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK
| | - Lee J Burns
- Small Molecule Design and Development, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, 46221, USA
| | - Becky Lee
- Eurofins Lancaster Laboratories PSS, Indianapolis, IN, 46221, USA
| | - Jeremy Hinds
- Small Molecule Design and Development, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, 46221, USA
| | | | - Scott A Frank
- Small Molecule Design and Development, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, 46221, USA
| | - Alastair J Florence
- EPSRC CMAC Future Manufacturing Research Hub, Technology and Innovation Centre, 99 George Street, Glasgow, G1 1RD, UK.
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences (SIPBS), University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK.
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173
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Seifert I, Bregolin A, Fissore D, Friess W. The Influence of Arginine and Counter-Ions: Antibody Stability during Freeze-Drying. J Pharm Sci 2020; 110:2017-2027. [PMID: 33316241 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Amino acids, for example L-arginine, are used in lyophilisation as crystalline bulking, buffering, viscosity reducing or stabilising excipients. In this study, arginine was formulated with different counter ions (hydrochloride, citrate, lactobionate, phosphate, and succinate). A monoclonal antibody was investigated in sugar-free arginine formulations and mixtures with sucrose regarding cake appearance and protein aggregation and fragmentation. Arginine hydrochloride formulations collapsed during lyophilisation due to its low Tg' and partially crystallised during storage, but provided the best protein stability at low antibody concentration, followed by arginine succinate. Arginine citrate/phosphate/lactobionate formulations resulted in amorphous elegant cakes, but inferior protein stability. Addition of sucrose improved cake appearance and protein stability. Arginine phosphate with sucrose resulted in similar protein stability as the sucrose reference. Mixtures of sucrose with arginine hydrochloride/lactobionate/succinate provided better stability than sucrose alone. While 50 mg/mL antibody improved the cake appearance, only arginine lactobionate provided sufficient protein stability next to sucrose. Overall, sugar-free arginine hydrochloride and lactobionate lyophilisates stabilised the antibody comparably or better than sucrose depending on antibody concentration. The best protein stability was found for mixtures of arginine hydrochloride/lactobionate/succinate with sucrose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivonne Seifert
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Alessandro Bregolin
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Davide Fissore
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Wolfgang Friess
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
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174
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Spectral fingerprinting to evaluate effects of storage conditions on biomolecular structure of filter-dried saliva samples and recovered DNA. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21442. [PMID: 33293589 PMCID: PMC7722934 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78306-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Saliva has been widely recognized as a non-invasive, painless and easy-to-collect bodily fluid, which contains biomarkers that can be used for diagnosis of both oral and systemic diseases. Under ambient conditions, salivary biomarkers are subject to degradation. Therefore, in order to minimize degradation during transport and storage, saliva specimens need to be stabilized. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of preserving saliva samples by drying to provide a shelf-stable source of DNA. Human saliva was dried on filters under ambient conditions using sucrose as lyoprotective agent. Samples were stored under different conditions, i.e. varying relative humidity (RH) and temperature. In addition to assessment of different cell types in saliva and their DNA contents, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to evaluate the effects of storage on biomolecular structure characteristics of saliva. FTIR analysis showed that saliva dried without a lyoprotectant exhibits a higher content of extended β-sheet protein secondary structures compared to samples that were dried with sucrose. In order to evaluate differences in characteristic bands arising from the DNA backbone among differently stored samples, principal component analysis (PCA) was performed, allowing a clear discrimination between groups with/without sucrose as well as storage durations and conditions. Our results indicated that saliva dried on filters in the presence of sucrose exhibits higher biomolecular stability during storage.
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175
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Butreddy A, Janga KY, Ajjarapu S, Sarabu S, Dudhipala N. Instability of therapeutic proteins - An overview of stresses, stabilization mechanisms and analytical techniques involved in lyophilized proteins. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 167:309-325. [PMID: 33275971 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state is the preferred choice for storage of protein therapeutics to improve stability and preserve the biological activity by decreasing the physical and chemical degradation associated with liquid protein formulations. Lyophilization or freeze-drying is an effective drying method to overcome the instability problems of proteins. However, the processing steps (freezing, primary drying and secondary drying) involved in the lyophilization process can expose the proteins to various stress and harsh conditions, leading to denaturation, aggregation often a loss in activity of protein therapeutics. Stabilizers such as sugars and surfactants are often added to protect the proteins against physical stress associated with lyophilization process and storage conditions. Another way to curtail the degradation of proteins due to process related stress is by modification of the lyophilization process. Slow freezing, high nucleation temperature, decreasing the extent of supercooling, and annealing can minimize the formation of the interface (ice-water) by producing large ice crystals with less surface area, thereby preserving the native structure and stability of the proteins. Hence, a thorough understanding of formulation composition, lyophilization process parameters and the choice of analytical methods to characterize and monitor the protein instability is crucial for development of stable therapeutic protein products. This review provides an overview of various stress conditions that proteins might encounter during lyophilization process, mechanisms to improve the stability and analytical techniques to tackle the proteins instability during both freeze-drying and storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Butreddy
- Formulation R&D, Biological E. Limited, IKP Knowledge Park, Shameerpet, Hyderabad, Telangana State 500078, India; Laboratory of Nanotechnology, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kakatiya University, Warangal, Telangana State 506009, India
| | - Karthik Yadav Janga
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kakatiya University, Warangal, Telangana State 506009, India
| | - Srinivas Ajjarapu
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333031, India
| | - Sandeep Sarabu
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kakatiya University, Warangal, Telangana State 506009, India
| | - Narendar Dudhipala
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kakatiya University, Warangal, Telangana State 506009, India; Department of Pharmaceutics, Vaagdevi College of Pharmacy, Warangal, Telangana State 506 005, India..
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176
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Abdel-Mageed HM, Fouad SA, Teaima MH, Radwan RA, Mohamed SA, AbuelEzz NZ. Engineering Lipase Enzyme Nano-powder Using Nano Spray Dryer BÜCHI B-90: Experimental and Factorial Design Approach for a Stable Biocatalyst Production. J Pharm Innov 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-020-09515-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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177
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Palomäki EA, Lipiäinen T, Strachan CJ, Yliruusi JK. Effect of trehalose and melibiose on crystallization of amorphous paracetamol. Int J Pharm 2020; 590:119878. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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178
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Renzetti S, van den Hoek IA, van der Sman RG. Amino acids, polyols and soluble fibres as sugar replacers in bakery applications: Egg white proteins denaturation controlled by hydrogen bond density of solutions. Food Hydrocoll 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.106034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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179
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Liang W, Pan HW, Vllasaliu D, Lam JKW. Pulmonary Delivery of Biological Drugs. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E1025. [PMID: 33114726 PMCID: PMC7693150 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12111025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, biological drugs have rapidly proliferated and have now become an important therapeutic modality. This is because of their high potency, high specificity and desirable safety profile. The majority of biological drugs are peptide- and protein-based therapeutics with poor oral bioavailability. They are normally administered by parenteral injection (with a very few exceptions). Pulmonary delivery is an attractive non-invasive alternative route of administration for local and systemic delivery of biologics with immense potential to treat various diseases, including diabetes, cystic fibrosis, respiratory viral infection and asthma, etc. The massive surface area and extensive vascularisation in the lungs enable rapid absorption and fast onset of action. Despite the benefits of pulmonary delivery, development of inhalable biological drug is a challenging task. There are various anatomical, physiological and immunological barriers that affect the therapeutic efficacy of inhaled formulations. This review assesses the characteristics of biological drugs and the barriers to pulmonary drug delivery. The main challenges in the formulation and inhalation devices are discussed, together with the possible strategies that can be applied to address these challenges. Current clinical developments in inhaled biological drugs for both local and systemic applications are also discussed to provide an insight for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanling Liang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; (H.W.P.); (J.K.W.L.)
| | - Harry W. Pan
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; (H.W.P.); (J.K.W.L.)
| | - Driton Vllasaliu
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK;
| | - Jenny K. W. Lam
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; (H.W.P.); (J.K.W.L.)
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180
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Sriwidodo S, Kurniawan Syah IS, Maksum IP, Subroto T, Zasvia U, Umar AK. Stabilization of eye drops containing autologous serum and recombinant human epidermal growth factor for dry eye syndrome. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2020; 11:184-188. [PMID: 33425702 PMCID: PMC7784935 DOI: 10.4103/japtr.japtr_72_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) and autologous serum are considered safer and more effective in treating dry eye syndrome. However, suitable formulas and preparation methods are needed to obtain eye drop containing autologous serum and hEGF, which are stable during storage and use. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a stable and effective eye drops containing autologous serum and hEGF. Stabilization of autologous serum and hEGF was done by adding lyoprotectant and antioxidant agents, and then prepared using the freeze-drying method. The clarity, pH, sterility, and endotoxin content of the preparation were evaluated. The effectiveness of the preparation was assessed by a cell viability test using a WST-8 reagent. Based on the results, all formulas produce preparations that are isotonic, clear, sterile, stable, and free from endotoxins. Cell viability test shows the addition of 25 μg/mL hEGF increased epithelial cell proliferation by up to 197%. It can be concluded that eye drops containing autologous serum and 25 μg/mL hEGF can be a promising therapy for dry eye syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriwidodo Sriwidodo
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Indonesia
| | - Insan Sunan Kurniawan Syah
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Indonesia
| | - Iman Peramana Maksum
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Indonesia
| | - Toto Subroto
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Indonesia
| | - Ulvi Zasvia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Indonesia
| | - Abd Kakhar Umar
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Indonesia
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181
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Veverka M, Dubaj T, Gallovič J, Veverková E, Šimon P, Lokaj J, Jorík V. Formulations of Staphylococcus aureus bacteriophage in biodegradable beta-glucan and arabinogalactan-based matrices. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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182
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Wei L, Shirakashi R. Effect of Relaxation Times in a Preservative Solution on Protein Deterioration Rate. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:8741-8749. [PMID: 32902981 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c05245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the relationship between the deterioration of the enzymatic activity of the protein in a preservative solution and the molecular mobility of the preservative solution was experimentally investigated by dielectric spectroscopy and a protein deterioration test. Dielectric spectroscopy was used to observe the molecular mobilities in the preservative solutions including various ratios of two protective agents, trehalose and ε-poly-l-lysine, at 40 °C. We also examined the enzymatic activity of l-lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) at 40 °C for 40 days to obtain the deterioration rate of LDH in the same preservative solutions. Our experimental results reveal that (1) three relaxation times of water molecular motion are detected by dielectric spectroscopy that we categorize into bulky water (relaxation time of 10 ps), weakly hydration water (relaxation time of tens to hundreds of picoseconds), and strongly hydration water (relaxation time of hundreds of picoseconds to tens of microseconds) and (2) the deterioration rate of LDH has a power-law relationship with the relaxation times of bulky and hydration water with specific power indices. The results also support the protein stabilization theory of high viscosity and the practical advantage of predicting the shelf life of proteins in the preservative solution by the relaxation time of water measured by dielectric spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wei
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Ryo Shirakashi
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
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183
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Design of Chitosan Nanocapsules with Compritol 888 ATO® for Imiquimod Transdermal Administration. Evaluation of Their Skin Absorption by Raman Microscopy. Pharm Res 2020; 37:195. [PMID: 32944793 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-020-02925-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Design imiquimod-loaded chitosan nanocapsules for transdermal delivery and evaluate the depth of imiquimod transdermal absorption as well as the kinetics of this absorption using Raman Microscopy, an innovative strategy to evaluate transdermal absorption. This nanovehicle included Compritol 888ATO®, a novel excipient for formulating nanosystems whose administration through the skin has not been studied until now. METHODS Nanocapsules were made by solvent displacement method and their physicochemical properties was measured by DLS and laser-Doppler. For transdermal experiments, newborn pig skin was used. The Raman spectra were obtained using a laser excitation source at 532 nm and a 20/50X oil immersion objective. RESULTS The designed nanocapsules, presented nanometric size (180 nm), a polydispersity index <0.2 and a zeta potential +17. The controlled release effect of Compritol was observed, with the finding that half of the drug was released at 24 h in comparison with control (p < 0.05). It was verified through Raman microscopy that imiquimod transdermal penetration is dynamic, the nanocapsules take around 50 min to penetrate the stratum corneum and 24 h after transdermal administration, the drug was in the inner layers of the skin. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated the utility of Raman Microscopy to evaluate the drugs transdermal penetration of in the different layers of the skin. Graphical Abstract New imiquimod nanocapsules: evaluation of their skin absorption by Raman Microscopy and effect of the compritol 888ATO® in the imiquimod release profile.
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184
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Hansen MM, Maidannyk VA, Roos YH. Thermal gelation and hardening of whey protein beads for subsequent dehydration and encapsulation using vitrifying sugars. J FOOD ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2020.109966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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185
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Muhoza B, Xia S, Wang X, Zhang X. The protection effect of trehalose on the multinuclear microcapsules based on gelatin and high methyl pectin coacervate during freeze-drying. Food Hydrocoll 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.105807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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186
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Nayak PK, Goode M, Chang DP, Rajagopal K. Ectoine and Hydroxyectoine Stabilize Antibodies in Spray-Dried Formulations at Elevated Temperature and during a Freeze/Thaw Process. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:3291-3297. [PMID: 32672979 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Maintenance of protein stability during manufacture, storage, and delivery is necessary for the successful development of a drug product. Herein, the utility of two compatible solutes-ectoine and hydroxyectoine-in stabilizing a model protein labeled Fab2 has been investigated. Specifically, the performance of ectoine and hydroxyectoine in stabilizing Fab2 in a spray-dried formulation at elevated temperature and after multiple freeze/thaw cycles has been compared with the performance of a formulation containing trehalose and a formulation containing no excipient as controls. In the solid state at 90 and 37 °C and in freeze concentrate systems, ectoine and hydroxyectoine suppress protein aggregation. Like trehalose, hydroxyectoine also limits N-terminal pyroglutamate formation in Fab2 in the solid state. The extent of protein stabilization is dependent on the excipient concentration in the formulation, but at a 1:1 excipient to protein mass ratio, hydroxyectoine is better than trehalose in stabilizing Fab2. The results presented here suggest that ectoine and hydroxyectoine are effective excipients for stabilizing therapeutic antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purnendu K Nayak
- Eurofins Lancaster Laboratories, Lancaster, Pennsylvania 17605, United States
| | - Meghan Goode
- Drug Delivery Department, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Debby P Chang
- Drug Delivery Department, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Karthikan Rajagopal
- Drug Delivery Department, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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187
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Kammari R, Topp EM. Effects of Secondary Structure on Solid-State Hydrogen–Deuterium Exchange in Model α-Helix and β-Sheet Peptides. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:3501-3512. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajashekar Kammari
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Elizabeth M. Topp
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Belfield, Blackrock, Co., Dublin A94 X099, Ireland
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188
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Hoogendoorn KH, Crommelin DJA, Jiskoot W. Formulation of Cell-Based Medicinal Products: A Question of Life or Death? J Pharm Sci 2020; 110:1885-1894. [PMID: 32649938 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The formulation of cell-based medicinal products (CBMPs) poses major challenges because of their complexity, heterogeneity, interaction with their environment (e.g., the formulation buffer, interfaces), and susceptibility to degradation. These challenges can be quality, safety, and efficacy related. In this commentary we discuss the current status in formulation strategies of off-the-shelf and non-off-the-shelf (patient-specific) CBMPs and highlight advantages and disadvantages of each strategy. Analytical tools for the characterization and stability assessment of CBMP formulations are addressed as well. Finally, we discuss unmet needs and make some recommendations regarding the formulation of CBMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin H Hoogendoorn
- Leiden University Medical Center, Hospital Pharmacy, Interdivisional GMP Facility, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Daan J A Crommelin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Wim Jiskoot
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, the Netherlands.
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189
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Mirzaeinia S, Pazhang M, Imani M, Chaparzadeh N, Amani-Ghadim AR. Improving the stability of uricase from Aspergillus flavus by osmolytes: Use of response surface methodology for optimization of the enzyme stability. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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190
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Czyz S, Wewers M, Finke JH, Kwade A, van Eerdenbrugh B, Juhnke M, Bunjes H. Spray drying of API nanosuspensions: Importance of drying temperature, type and content of matrix former and particle size for successful formulation and process development. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 152:63-71. [PMID: 32376369 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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191
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Dirk LMA, Abdel CG, Ahmad I, Neta ICS, Pereira CC, Pereira FECB, Unêda-Trevisoli SH, Pinheiro DG, Downie AB. Late Embryogenesis Abundant Protein-Client Protein Interactions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E814. [PMID: 32610443 PMCID: PMC7412488 DOI: 10.3390/plants9070814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The intrinsically disordered proteins belonging to the LATE EMBRYOGENESIS ABUNDANT protein (LEAP) family have been ascribed a protective function over an array of intracellular components. We focus on how LEAPs may protect a stress-susceptible proteome. These examples include instances of LEAPs providing a shield molecule function, possibly by instigating liquid-liquid phase separations. Some LEAPs bind directly to their client proteins, exerting a holdase-type chaperonin function. Finally, instances of LEAP-client protein interactions have been documented, where the LEAP modulates (interferes with) the function of the client protein, acting as a surreptitious rheostat of cellular homeostasis. From the examples identified to date, it is apparent that client protein modulation also serves to mitigate stress. While some LEAPs can physically bind and protect client proteins, some apparently bind to assist the degradation of the client proteins with which they associate. Documented instances of LEAP-client protein binding, even in the absence of stress, brings to the fore the necessity of identifying how the LEAPs are degraded post-stress to render them innocuous, a first step in understanding how the cell regulates their abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynnette M. A. Dirk
- Department of Horticulture, University of Kentucky Seed Biology Program, Plant Science Building, 1405 Veterans Drive, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0312, USA;
| | - Caser Ghaafar Abdel
- Agriculture College, Al-Muthanna University, Samawah, Al-Muthanna 66001, Iraq;
| | - Imran Ahmad
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Crop Production Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 25120, Pakistan;
| | | | - Cristiane Carvalho Pereira
- Departamento de Agricultura—Setor de Sementes, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais CEP: 37200-000, Brazil;
| | | | - Sandra Helena Unêda-Trevisoli
- Department of Vegetable Production, (UNESP) National University of São Paulo, Jaboticabal, São Paulo CEP: 14884-900, Brazil;
| | - Daniel Guariz Pinheiro
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Science and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo CEP: 14040-901, Brazil;
| | - Allan Bruce Downie
- Department of Horticulture, University of Kentucky Seed Biology Program, Plant Science Building, 1405 Veterans Drive, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0312, USA;
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192
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Manzanera M. Dealing with water stress and microbial preservation. Environ Microbiol 2020; 23:3351-3359. [PMID: 32452073 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The relevance of preserving microorganisms has been well accepted for several decades. Interest is now shifting towards investigating adequate preservation methods to improve microbial survival rates and to preserve new taxa of previously considered unculturable microorganisms. In addition, a growing interest in preserving fragile microbial consortia or communities with biotechnological interest motivates the improvement of preservation methods. In the present study, we reviewed the effect of water availability in microbial diversity shift. We describe the effect of drought on microorganisms at the molecular level and their molecular responses to this life-threatening challenge focusing on the production of xeroprotectants. We also review the interspecies interactions of those drought-tolerant microorganisms with other sensitive organisms including neighbouring prokaryotes and eukaryotes such as plants, and the potential role of these microorganisms at determining the ecological composition of stressed environments. We emphasize the importance of applying the knowledge derived from the molecular mechanisms used by desiccation-tolerant microorganisms for the improvement of the preservation techniques. An overview of the current and newer techniques for preserving microorganisms and microbial communities is provided. The biotechnological interest in preserving pure cultures, microbial consortia and communities is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximino Manzanera
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Water Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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193
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Brogna R, Oldenhof H, Sieme H, Figueiredo C, Kerrinnes T, Wolkers WF. Increasing storage stability of freeze-dried plasma using trehalose. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234502. [PMID: 32525915 PMCID: PMC7289390 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Preservation of blood plasma in the dried state would facilitate long-term storage and transport at ambient temperatures, without the need of to use liquid nitrogen tanks or freezers. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of dry preservation of human plasma, using sugars as lyoprotectants, and evaluate macromolecular stability of plasma components during storage. Blood plasma from healthy donors was freeze dried using 0-10% glucose, sucrose, or trehalose, and stored at various temperatures. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to measure the glass transition temperatures of freeze-dried samples. Protein aggregation, the overall protein secondary structure, and oxidative damage were studied under different storage conditions. Differential scanning calorimetry measurements showed that plasma freeze-dried with glucose, sucrose and trehalose have glass transition temperatures of respectively 72±3.4°C, 46±11°C, 15±2.4°C. It was found that sugars diminish freeze-drying induced protein aggregation in a dose-dependent manner, and that a 10% (w/v) sugar concentration almost entirely prevents protein aggregation. Protein aggregation after rehydration coincided with relatively high contents of β-sheet structures in the dried state. Trehalose reduced the rate of protein aggregation during storage at elevated temperatures, and plasma that is freeze- dried plasma with trehalose showed a reduced accumulation of reactive oxygen species and protein oxidation products during storage. In conclusion, freeze-drying plasma with trehalose provides an attractive alternative to traditional cryogenic preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Brogna
- Unit for Reproductive Medicine—Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Biostabilization laboratory—Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Harriëtte Oldenhof
- Unit for Reproductive Medicine—Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Harald Sieme
- Unit for Reproductive Medicine—Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | | | | | - Willem F. Wolkers
- Unit for Reproductive Medicine—Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Biostabilization laboratory—Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- * E-mail:
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194
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Pelegri-O'Day EM, Bhattacharya A, Theopold N, Ko JH, Maynard HD. Synthesis of Zwitterionic and Trehalose Polymers with Variable Degradation Rates and Stabilization of Insulin. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:2147-2154. [PMID: 32369347 PMCID: PMC8259896 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Polymers that stabilize biomolecules are important as excipients in protein formulation. Herein, we describe a class of degradable polymers that have tunable degradation rates depending on the polymer backbone and can stabilize proteins to aggregation. Specifically, zwitterion- and trehalose-substituted polycaprolactone, polyvalerolactone, polycarbonate, and polylactide were prepared and characterized with regards to their hydrolytic degradation and ability to stabilize insulin to mechanical agitation during heat. Ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of allyl-substituted monomers was performed by using organocatalysis, resulting in well-defined alkene-substituted polymers with good control over molecular weight and dispersity. The polymers were then modified by using photocatalyzed thiol-ene reactions to install protein-stabilizing carboxybetaine and trehalose side chains. The resulting polymers were water-soluble and exhibited a wide range of half-lives, from 12 h to more than 3 months. The polymers maintained the ability to stabilize the therapeutic protein insulin from activity loss due to aggregation, demonstrating their potential as degradable excipients for protein formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma M Pelegri-O'Day
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Arvind Bhattacharya
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Nik Theopold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jeong Hoon Ko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Heather D Maynard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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195
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Zhang B, Qi XE, Mao JL, Ying XG. Trehalose and alginate oligosaccharides affect the stability of myosin in whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei): The water-replacement mechanism confirmed by molecular dynamic simulation. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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196
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OLIVEIRA AR, RIBEIRO AEC, OLIVEIRA ÉR, GARCIA MC, SOARES JÚNIOR MS, CALIARI M. Structural and physicochemical properties of freeze-dried açaí pulp (Euterpe oleracea Mart.). FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.34818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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197
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Nastaj M, Sołowiej B, Terpiłowski K, Mleko S. Effect of erythritol on physicochemical properties of reformulated high protein meringues obtained from whey protein isolate. Int Dairy J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2020.104672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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198
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Faieta M, Neri L, Sacchetti G, Di Michele A, Pittia P. Role of saccharides on thermal stability of phycocyanin in aqueous solutions. Food Res Int 2020; 132:109093. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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199
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Fang R, Bogner RH, Nail SL, Pikal MJ. Stability of Freeze-Dried Protein Formulations: Contributions of Ice Nucleation Temperature and Residence Time in the Freeze-Concentrate. J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:1896-1904. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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200
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Shoma Suresh K, Bhat S, Guru BR, Muttigi MS, Seetharam RN. A nanocomposite hydrogel delivery system for mesenchymal stromal cell secretome. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:205. [PMID: 32460846 PMCID: PMC7251860 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01712-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stromal cell conditioned medium (MSC-CM) contains a cocktail of bioactive factors that act synergistically to induce therapeutic effects. This has been clearly demonstrated by in vivo applications of MSC-CM, but the establishment of controlled delivery systems is an unmet requirement for clinical translation. Methods We developed a nanocomposite-hydrogel (NP-H) comprised of poly-L-lactide nanoparticles (NPs) embedded in gelatin/hyaluronic acid (Gel/HA) hydrogel as a delivery vehicle for MSC-CM. First, we optimized the culture conditions for bone marrow-derived MSCs using serum-containing medium (SCM) and serum-free medium (SFM) and characterized the corresponding CM (serum-containing conditioned medium (ScCM) and serum-free conditioned medium (SfCM), respectively) for its potency and xeno markers. Then we prepared a composite matrix followed by physiochemical characterization and functional assays were performed. Results Nanocomposite hydrogel displayed an even distribution of NPs along with high porosity (> 60%) and swelling ratios > 1500%, while its protein release pattern corresponded to a mix of degradation and diffusion kinetics. Functional evaluation of the composites was determined using MSCs and human fibroblasts (HFFs). The cells seeded directly onto the composites displayed increasing metabolic activities over time, with ScCM-NP-H groups having maximum activity. The cells treated in vitro with 5% and 10% extracts of ScCM-NP-H and SfCM-NP-H exhibited a dose- and duration-dependent response. Cell activities reduced considerably for all groups, except 10% ScCM-NP-H, which displayed a significant increase over time. Conclusion We observed that sustained release of MSC-CM is required to prevent dose-dependent cytotoxicity. The proposed nanocomposite hydrogel for MSC-CM delivery can open up a new array for its clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Shoma Suresh
- Stempeutics Research Private Limited, Shirdi Sai Baba Cancer Hospital, Manipal, 576104, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Samatha Bhat
- Stempeutics Research Private Limited, Shirdi Sai Baba Cancer Hospital, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Bharath Raja Guru
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Manjunatha S Muttigi
- Stempeutics Research Private Limited, Shirdi Sai Baba Cancer Hospital, Manipal, 576104, India.
| | - Raviraja N Seetharam
- Stempeutics Research Private Limited, Shirdi Sai Baba Cancer Hospital, Manipal, 576104, India. .,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India.
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