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Exosomal MATN3 of Urine-Derived Stem Cells Ameliorates Intervertebral Disc Degeneration by Antisenescence Effects and Promotes NPC Proliferation and ECM Synthesis by Activating TGF- β. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5542241. [PMID: 34136064 PMCID: PMC8175180 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5542241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Objective Low back pain (LBP) is one of the top three causes of disability in developed countries, and intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a major contributor to LBP. In the process of IDD, there is a gradual decrease in nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) and extracellular matrix (ECM). Exosomes are important exocrine mediators of stem cells that can act directly on cells for tissue repair and regeneration. In this study, we determined the antisenescence, cell proliferation promotion, and ECM modulation effects of human urine-derived stem cell (USC) exosomes (USC-exos) on degenerated intervertebral discs and explored the underlying mechanism. Methods and Materials USCs were identified by multipotent differentiation and flow cytometry for mesenchymal stem cell- (MSC-) specific surface protein markers. USC-exos were isolated from the conditioned medium of USCs by ultracentrifugation and then analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), particle size analysis, and western blotting (WB) for exosome marker proteins. The effects of USC-exos on NPC proliferation and ECM synthesis were assessed by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), WB, and immunofluorescence (IF) analyses. The protein differences between normal and degenerative intervertebral discs were mined, and the temporal and spatial variations in matrilin-3 (MATN3) content were determined by WB and IF in the intervertebral disc tissues. The candidate molecules that mediated the function of USC-exos were screened out and confirmed by multiple assays. Meanwhile, the mechanism underlying the candidate protein in USC-exos-induced cell proliferation and regulation of ECM synthesis promoting the activities of NPCs was explored. In addition, the effects of USC-exos on ameliorating intervertebral disc degeneration (IVD) in mice were examined by assessing computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and histological analyses. Results The flow cytometry results showed that USCs were positive for CD29, CD44, and CD73, which are USC surface-specific markers, but negative for CD34 and CD45. In addition, USCs showed osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation potential. USC-exos exhibited a cup-shaped morphology, with a mean diameter of 49.7 ± 7.3 nm, and were positive for CD63 and TSG101 and negative for calnexin. USC-exos could promote NPC proliferation and ECM synthesis. The protein content of the matrilin family was significantly reduced in degenerative intervertebral discs, and the decrease in MATN3 was the most significant. USC-exos were found to be rich in MATN3 protein, and exosomal MATN3 was required for USC-exos-induced promotion of NPC proliferation and ECM synthesis, as well as alleviation of intervertebral disc degeneration in IVD rats. In addition, the effects of MATN3 in USC-exos were demonstrated to be achieved by activating TGF-β, which elevated the phosphorylation level of SMAD and AKT. Conclusions Our study suggests that reduced MATN3 can be considered a characteristic of intervertebral disc degeneration. USC-exos may represent a potentially effective agent for alleviating intervertebral disc degeneration by promoting NPC proliferation and ECM synthesis by transferring the MATN3 protein.
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Liao Z, Li S, Lu S, Liu H, Li G, Ma L, Luo R, Ke W, Wang B, Xiang Q, Song Y, Feng X, Zhang Y, Wu X, Hua W, Yang C. Metformin facilitates mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular nanovesicles release and optimizes therapeutic efficacy in intervertebral disc degeneration. Biomaterials 2021; 274:120850. [PMID: 33984637 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are extracellular nanovesicles that deliver diverse cargoes to the cell and participate in cell communication. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs)-derived EVs are considered a therapeutic approach in musculoskeletal degenerative diseases, including intervertebral disc degeneration. However, limited production yield and unstable quality have impeded the clinical application of EVs. In the present study, it is indicated that metformin promotes EVs release and alters the protein profile of EVs. Metformin enhances EVs production via an autophagy-related pathway, concomitantly with the phosphorylation of synaptosome-associated protein 29. More than quantity, quality of MSCs-derived EVs is influenced by metformin treatment. Proteomics analysis reveals that metformin increases the protein content of EVs involved in cell growth. It is shown that EVs derived from metformin-treated MSCs ameliorate intervertebral disc cells senescence in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the great promise of metformin in EVs-based intervertebral disc regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Liao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Shuai Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Saideng Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Gaocai Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Liang Ma
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Rongjin Luo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Wencan Ke
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Bingjin Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Qian Xiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yu Song
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xiaobo Feng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yukun Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xinghuo Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Wenbin Hua
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Cao Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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153
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Planat-Benard V, Varin A, Casteilla L. MSCs and Inflammatory Cells Crosstalk in Regenerative Medicine: Concerted Actions for Optimized Resolution Driven by Energy Metabolism. Front Immunol 2021; 12:626755. [PMID: 33995350 PMCID: PMC8120150 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.626755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are currently widely used in cell based therapy regarding to their remarkable efficacy in controlling the inflammatory status in patients. Despite recent progress and encouraging results, inconstant therapeutic benefits are reported suggesting that significant breakthroughs in the understanding of MSCs immunomodulatory mechanisms of action remains to be investigated and certainly apprehended from original point of view. This review will focus on the recent findings regarding MSCs close relationship with the innate immune compartment, i.e. granulocytes and myeloid cells. The review will also consider the intercellular mechanism of communication involved, such as factor secretion, cell-cell contact, extracellular vesicles, mitochondria transfer and efferocytosis. Immune-like-properties of MSCs supporting part of their therapeutic effect in the clinical setting will be discussed, as well as their potentials (immunomodulatory, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant defenses and metabolic adaptation…) and effects mediated, such as cell polarization, differentiation, death and survival on various immune and tissue cell targets determinant in triggering tissue regeneration. Their metabolic properties in term of sensing, reacting and producing metabolites influencing tissue inflammation will be highlighted. The review will finally open to discussion how ongoing scientific advances on MSCs could be efficiently translated to clinic in chronic and age-related inflammatory diseases and the current limits and gaps that remain to be overcome to achieving tissue regeneration and rejuvenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Planat-Benard
- RESTORE, University of Toulouse, UMR 1031-INSERM, 5070-CNRS, Etablissement Français du Sang-Occitanie (EFS), Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Audrey Varin
- RESTORE, University of Toulouse, UMR 1031-INSERM, 5070-CNRS, Etablissement Français du Sang-Occitanie (EFS), Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Louis Casteilla
- RESTORE, University of Toulouse, UMR 1031-INSERM, 5070-CNRS, Etablissement Français du Sang-Occitanie (EFS), Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
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154
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Lan T, Zheng YC, Li ND, Chen XS, Shen Z, Yan B. CRISPR/dCas9-Mediated Parkin Inhibition Impairs Mitophagy and Aggravates Apoptosis of Rat Nucleus Pulposus Cells Under Oxidative Stress. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:674632. [PMID: 33937342 PMCID: PMC8082403 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.674632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study is to explore the role of Parkin in intervertebral disk degeneration (IDD) and its mitophagy regulation mechanism. Study design and methods Rat nucleus pulposus (NP) cells were stimulated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to a mimic pathological condition. Apoptosis and mitophagy were assessed by Western blot, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, and immunofluorescence staining. The CRISPR–dCas9–KRAB system was used to silence the expression of Parkin. Result In this study, we found that Parkin was downregulated in rat NP cells under oxidative stress. In addition, treatment with H2O2 resulted in mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagy inhibition, and a significant increase in the rate of apoptosis of NP cells. Meanwhile, mitophagy inhibition enhanced H2O2-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, repression of Parkin significantly attenuated mitophagy and exacerbated apoptosis. Conclusion These results suggested that Parkin may play a protective role in alleviating the apoptosis of NP cells via mitophagy, and that targeting Parkin may provide a promising therapeutic strategy for the prevention of IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Lan
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu-Chen Zheng
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ning-Dao Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiao-Sheng Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhe Shen
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bin Yan
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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155
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Zhuo Y, Chen W, Li W, Huang Y, Duan D, Ge L, He J, Liu J, Hu Z, Lu M. Ischemic-hypoxic preconditioning enhances the mitochondrial function recovery of transplanted olfactory mucosa mesenchymal stem cells via miR-181a signaling in ischemic stroke. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:11234-11256. [PMID: 33820869 PMCID: PMC8109091 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury causes a series of intricate cascade reactions in brain tissue causing apoptosis and proinflammatory programmed cell death known as pyroptosis of nerve cells. The dysfunction of target organelle mitochondria plays a key role in the process of neuronal apoptosis and pyroptosis. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been widely used in the experimental or clinical treatment of various ischemic diseases, but the therapeutic efficacy of MSCs on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury need to be improved. We successfully cultured olfactory mucosa MSCs (OM-MSCs) to obtain a better source of seed cells. In this way, the therapeutic potential of OM-MSCs transplantation has been evaluated for ischemic stroke using an optimized culture scheme in vitro. Ischemic-hypoxic preconditioned OM-MSCs (IhOM-MSCs) were used to treat a neuron model of oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion and the middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. These results demonstrated that IhOM-MSCs mediated the upregulation of the downstream target genes GRP78 and Bcl-2 by miR-181a to protect mitochondrial function and inhibit apoptosis and pyroptosis of neurons in the ischemia/reperfusion injury model. Thus, IhOM-MSCs transplantation may be an effective therapy of ischemic stroke in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhuo
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410006, Hunan, P.R. China.,Hunan Provincical Key Laboratory of Neurorestoratology, The Second Affiliated Hospital Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410003, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- Hunan Provincical Key Laboratory of Neurorestoratology, The Second Affiliated Hospital Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410003, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Wenshui Li
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410006, Hunan, P.R. China.,Hunan Provincical Key Laboratory of Neurorestoratology, The Second Affiliated Hospital Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410003, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Yan Huang
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410006, Hunan, P.R. China.,Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Da Duan
- Hunan Provincical Key Laboratory of Neurorestoratology, The Second Affiliated Hospital Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410003, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Lite Ge
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410006, Hunan, P.R. China.,Hunan Provincical Key Laboratory of Neurorestoratology, The Second Affiliated Hospital Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410003, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Jialin He
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Jianyang Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Zhiping Hu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Ming Lu
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410006, Hunan, P.R. China.,Hunan Provincical Key Laboratory of Neurorestoratology, The Second Affiliated Hospital Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410003, Hunan, P.R. China
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156
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Huang Y, Peng Y, Sun J, Li S, Hong J, Zhou J, Chen J, Yan J, Huang Z, Wang X, Chen W, Ye W. Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyl Transferase Controls NLRP3 Inflammasome Activity Through MAPK and NF-κB Signaling in Nucleus Pulposus Cells, as Suppressed by Melatonin. Inflammation 2021; 43:796-809. [PMID: 31900828 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-019-01166-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is characterized by an imbalance between matrix synthesis and degradation in intervertebral discs. However, the causes of this imbalance remain elusive. Previous studies revealed that NLRP3 inflammasome plays a vital role in IDD and nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase (NAMPT) is involved in matrix degradation induced by IL-1β. In the current study, real-time PCR, western blot and NAMPT knockdown, or overexpression experiments were used to detect the regulatory effects of NAMPT on NLRP3 inflammasome activity in nucleus pulposus (NP) cells. The results revealed that NAMPT downregulation or overexpression controlled the matrix degradation induced by TNF-α by modulating NLRP3 inflammasome activity. Moreover, the NAMPT inhibition study demonstrated MAPK and NF-κB signaling play a key role in above process. In addition, melatonin was reported to play a protective role in matrix metabolism of NP cells. Herein, real-time PCR, western blot analysis, and immunofluorescence staining experiments revealed that melatonin showed protective effects against TNF-α-induced matrix degradation by downregulating NAMPT and reducing NLRP3 inflammasome activity in NP cells. The current investigation verified that melatonin could alleviate matrix degradation induced by TNF-α by suppressing NAMPT and NLRP3 inflammasome activity. Moreover, NAMPT downregulation controlled the matrix degradation induced by TNF-α by suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activity through MAPK and NF-κB signaling in NP cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Spine Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yan Peng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Spine Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Jianchao Sun
- Department of Spine Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Shuangxing Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Spine Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Junmin Hong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Spine Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Breast Cancer Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianchong Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiansen Yan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Spine Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Zhengqi Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Spine Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weijian Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. .,Department of Spine Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
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157
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Luo L, Jian X, Sun H, Qin J, Wang Y, Zhang J, Shen Z, Yang D, Li C, Zhao P, Liu M, Tian Z, Zhou Y. Cartilage endplate stem cells inhibit intervertebral disc degeneration by releasing exosomes to nucleus pulposus cells to activate Akt/autophagy. Stem Cells 2021; 39:467-481. [PMID: 33459443 PMCID: PMC8048856 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Degeneration of the cartilage endplate (CEP) induces intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). Nucleus pulposus cell (NPC) apoptosis is also an important exacerbating factor in IVDD, but the cascade mechanism in IVDD is not clear. We investigated the apoptosis of NPCs and IVDD when stimulated by normal cartilage endplate stem cell (CESC)-derived exosomes (N-Exos) and degenerated CESC-derived exosomes (D-Exos) in vitro and in vivo. Tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) was used to induce inflammation of CESCs. The bioinformatics differences between N-Exos and D-Exos were analyzed using mass spectrometry, heat map, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis. NPC apoptosis was examined using TUNEL staining. The involvement of the AKT and autophagy signaling pathways was investigated using the signaling inhibitor LY294002. Magnetic resonance imaging, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence staining were used to evaluate the therapeutic effects of N-Exos in rats with IVDD. TBHP effectively induced inflammation and the degeneration of CEP in rat. N-Exos were more conducive to autophagy activation than D-Exos. The apoptotic rate of NPCs decreased obviously after treatment with N-Exos compared to D-Exos. N-Exos inhibited NPCs apoptosis and attenuated IVDD in rat via activation of the AKT and autophagy pathways. These results are the first findings to confirm that CEP delayed the progression of IVDD via exosomes. The therapeutic effects of N-Exos on NPC apoptosis inhibition and the slowing of IVDD progression were more effective than D-Exos due to activation of the PI3K/AKT/autophagy pathway, which explained the increase in the incidence of IVDD after inflammation of the CEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Luo
- Department of OrthopaedicsXinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University)ChongqingPeople's Republic of China,Institute of Immunology, PLA, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University)ChongqingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Xiuying Jian
- Department of Infectious DiseasesSecond Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Hui Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and immunologySouthwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University)ChongqingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Jinghao Qin
- Department of OrthopaedicsXinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University)ChongqingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yanqiu Wang
- Department of OrthopaedicsXinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University)ChongqingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University)ChongqingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Zigang Shen
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University)ChongqingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Di Yang
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University)ChongqingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Changqing Li
- Department of OrthopaedicsXinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University)ChongqingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Ping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome BiologyBiological Science Research Center Southwest UniversityChongqingPeople's Republic of China
| | - MingHan Liu
- Department of OrthopaedicsXinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University)ChongqingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Tian
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University)ChongqingPeople's Republic of China,State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome BiologyBiological Science Research Center Southwest UniversityChongqingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of OrthopaedicsXinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University)ChongqingPeople's Republic of China
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158
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Lei LM, Lin X, Xu F, Shan SK, Guo B, Li FXZ, Zheng MH, Wang Y, Xu QS, Yuan LQ. Exosomes and Obesity-Related Insulin Resistance. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:651996. [PMID: 33816504 PMCID: PMC8012888 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.651996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles, delivering signal molecules from donor cells to recipient cells. The cargo of exosomes, including proteins, DNA and RNA, can target the recipient tissues and organs, which have an important role in disease development. Insulin resistance is a kind of pathological state, which is important in the pathogeneses of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), gestational diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer's disease. Furthermore, obesity is a kind of inducement of insulin resistance. In this review, we summarized recent research advances on exosomes and insulin resistance, especially focusing on obesity-related insulin resistance. These studies suggest that exosomes have great importance in the development of insulin resistance in obesity and have great potential for use in the diagnosis and therapy of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Min Lei
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao Lin
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Feng Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Su-Kang Shan
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bei Guo
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fu-Xing-Zi Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ming-Hui Zheng
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiu-Shuang Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ling-Qing Yuan
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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159
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Noonin C, Thongboonkerd V. Exosome-inflammasome crosstalk and their roles in inflammatory responses. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:4436-4451. [PMID: 33754070 PMCID: PMC7977448 DOI: 10.7150/thno.54004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammasome is a complex of multiple proteins found in cytoplasm of the cells activated by infectious and/or non-infectious stimuli. This complex involves caspase-1 activation, leading to unconventional secretion of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18 and inflammatory cascade. Exosome is the nanoscale membrane-bound extracellular vesicle that plays significant roles in intercellular communications by carrying bioactive molecules, e.g., proteins, RNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs), DNAs, from one cell to the others. In this review, we provide the update information on the crosstalk between exosome and inflammasome and their roles in inflammatory responses. The effects of inflammasome activation on exosomal secretion are summarized. On the other hand, the (dual) effects of exosomes on inhibiting and promoting inflammasome activation are discussed. Finally, perspectives on therapeutic roles of exosomes in human diseases and future direction of the research on exosome-inflammasome crosstalk are provided.
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Luo L, Gong J, Zhang H, Qin J, Li C, Zhang J, Tang Y, Zhang Y, Chen J, Zhou Y, Tian Z, Liu Y, Liu M. Cartilage Endplate Stem Cells Transdifferentiate Into Nucleus Pulposus Cells via Autocrine Exosomes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:648201. [PMID: 33748142 PMCID: PMC7970302 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.648201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells derived from cartilage endplate (CEP) cells (CESCs) repair intervertebral disc (IVD) injury; however, the mechanism remains unclear. Here, we evaluated whether CESCs could transdifferentiate into nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) via autocrine exosomes and subsequently inhibit IVD degeneration. Exosomes derived from CESCs (CESC-Exos) were extracted and identified by ultra-high-speed centrifugation and transmission electron microscopy. The effects of exosomes on the invasion, migration, and differentiation of CESCs were assessed. The exosome-activating hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α/Wnt pathway was investigated using lenti-HIF-1α and Wnt agonists/inhibitors in cells and gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis in normal and degenerated human CEP tissue. The effects of GATA binding protein 4 (GATA4) on transforming growth factor (TGF)-β expression and on the invasion, migration, and transdifferentiation of CESCs were investigated using lenti-GATA4, TGF-β agonists, and inhibitors. Additionally, IVD repair was investigated by injecting CESCs overexpressing GATA4 into rats. The results indicated that CESC-Exos promoted the invasion, migration, and differentiation of CESCs by autocrine exosomes via the HIF-1α/Wnt pathway. Additionally, increased HIF-1α enhanced the activation of Wnt signaling and activated GATA4 expression. GATA4 effectively promoted TGF-β secretion and enhanced the invasion, migration, and transdifferentiation of CESCs into NPCs, resulting in promotion of rat IVD repair. CESCs were also converted into NPCs as endplate degeneration progressed in human samples. Overall, we found that CESC-Exos activated HIF-1α/Wnt signaling via autocrine mechanisms to increase the expression of GATA4 and TGF-β1, thereby promoting the migration of CESCs into the IVD and the transformation of CESCs into NPCs and inhibiting IVDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Luo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Institute of Immunology, PLA, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junfeng Gong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinghao Qin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Changqing Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- Institute of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Tang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Tian
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - MingHan Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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161
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Binch ALA, Fitzgerald JC, Growney EA, Barry F. Cell-based strategies for IVD repair: clinical progress and translational obstacles. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2021; 17:158-175. [PMID: 33526926 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-020-00568-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is a major cause of low back pain, a prevalent and chronic condition that has a striking effect on quality of life. Currently, no approved pharmacological interventions or therapies are available that prevent the progressive destruction of the IVD; however, regenerative strategies are emerging that aim to modify the disease. Progress has been made in defining promising new treatments for disc disease, but considerable challenges remain along the entire translational spectrum, from understanding disease mechanism to useful interpretation of clinical trials, which make it difficult to achieve a unified understanding. These challenges include: an incomplete appreciation of the mechanisms of disc degeneration; a lack of standardized approaches in preclinical testing; in the context of cell therapy, a distinct lack of cohesion regarding the cell types being tested, the tissue source, expansion conditions and dose; the absence of guidelines regarding disease classification and patient stratification for clinical trial inclusion; and an incomplete understanding of the mechanisms underpinning therapeutic responses to cell delivery. This Review discusses current approaches to disc regeneration, with a particular focus on cell-based therapeutic strategies, including ongoing challenges, and attempts to provide a framework to interpret current data and guide future investigational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbie L A Binch
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Joan C Fitzgerald
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Emily A Growney
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Frank Barry
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
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Zhang Y, Hu Y, Wang W, Guo Z, Yang F, Cai X, Xiong L. Current Progress in the Endogenous Repair of Intervertebral Disk Degeneration Based on Progenitor Cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 8:629088. [PMID: 33553131 PMCID: PMC7862573 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.629088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disk (IVD) degeneration is one of the most common musculoskeletal disease. Current clinical treatment paradigms for IVD degeneration cannot completely restore the structural and biomechanical functions of the IVD. Bio-therapeutic techniques focused on progenitor/stem cells, especially IVD progenitor cells, provide promising options for the treatment of IVD degeneration. Endogenous repair is an important self-repair mechanism in IVD that can allow the IVD to maintain a long-term homeostasis. The progenitor cells within IVD play a significant role in IVD endogenous repair. Improving the adverse microenvironment in degenerative IVD and promoting progenitor cell migration might be important strategies for implementation of the modulation of endogenous repair of IVD. Here, we not only reviewed the research status of treatment of degenerative IVD based on IVD progenitor cells, but also emphasized the concept of endogenous repair of IVD and discussed the potential new research direction of IVD endogenous repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbin Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yiqiang Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wentian Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zijun Guo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xianyi Cai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liming Xiong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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164
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Tang Y, Zhou Y, Li HJ. Advances in mesenchymal stem cell exosomes: a review. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:71. [PMID: 33468232 PMCID: PMC7814175 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02138-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells can be used for regenerative medicine and as treatments for disease. The application of tissue engineering-related transplantation, stem cells, and local changes in the microenvironment is expected to solve major medical problems. Currently, most studies focus on tissue repair and regeneration, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are among the most common research topics. MSCs are applicable as seed cells, and they represent one of the current hot topics in regenerative medicine research. However, due to storage limitations and because cell senescence occurs during in vitro expansion, their clinical application is challenging. Exosomes, which are secreted by MSCs through paracrine signalling, not only have the same effects as MSCs, but they also have the advantages of targeted delivery, low immunogenicity, and high repairability. This article reviews the acquisition methods, characteristics, biological functions, and clinical applications of exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaya Tang
- Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development for Major Infectious Diseases of Yunnan Province, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, 650118 People’s Republic of China
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development for Major Infectious Diseases of Yunnan Province, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, 650118 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong-Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development for Major Infectious Diseases of Yunnan Province, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, 650118 People’s Republic of China
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165
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Sun Y, Tao Q, Wu X, Zhang L, Liu Q, Wang L. The Utility of Exosomes in Diagnosis and Therapy of Diabetes Mellitus and Associated Complications. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:756581. [PMID: 34764939 PMCID: PMC8576340 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.756581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus and the associated complications are metabolic diseases with high morbidity that result in poor quality of health and life. The lack of diagnostic methods for early detection results in patients losing the best treatment opportunity. Oral hypoglycemics and exogenous insulin replenishment are currently the most common therapeutic strategies, which only yield temporary glycemic control rather than curing the disease and its complications. Exosomes are nanoparticles containing bioactive molecules reflecting individual physiological status, regulating metabolism, and repairing damaged tissues. They function as biomarkers of diabetes mellitus and diabetic complications. Considering that exosomes are bioactive molecules, can be obtained from body fluid, and have cell-type specificity, in this review, we highlight the multifold effects of exosomes in the pathology and therapy of diabetes mellitus and diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoxiang Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yixing People's Hospital, Yixing, China
| | - Qing Tao
- Center for Translational Medicine and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xueqin Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yixing People's Hospital, Yixing, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yixing People's Hospital, Yixing, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yixing People's Hospital, Yixing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Center for Translational Medicine and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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166
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Xia C, Dai Z, Jin Y, Chen P. Emerging Antioxidant Paradigm of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosome Therapy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:727272. [PMID: 34912294 PMCID: PMC8667174 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.727272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes have been under investigation as potential treatments for a diverse range of diseases, and many animal and clinical trials have achieved encouraging results. However, it is well known that the biological activity of the exosomes is key to their therapeutic properties; however, till date, it has not been completely understood. Previous studies have provided different explanations of therapeutic mechanisms of the exosomes, including anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and anti-aging mechanisms. The pathological effects of oxidative stress often include organ damage, inflammation, and disorders of material and energy metabolism. The evidence gathered from research involving animal models indicates that exosomes have antioxidant properties, which can also explain their anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects. In this study, we have summarized the antioxidant effects of exosomes in in vivo and in vitro models, and have evaluated the anti-oxidant mechanisms of exosomes by demonstrating a direct reduction in excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), promotion of intracellular defence of anti-oxidative stress, immunomodulation by inhibiting excess ROS, and alteration of mitochondrial performance. Exosomes exert their cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory properties by regulating the redox environment and oxidative stress, which explains the therapeutic effects of exosomes in a variety of diseases, mechanisms that can be well preserved among different species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xia
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhanqiu Dai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yongming Jin
- Spine Lab, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pengfei Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Pengfei Chen,
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167
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Li S, Stöckl S, Lukas C, Götz J, Herrmann M, Federlin M, Grässel S. hBMSC-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Attenuate IL-1β-Induced Catabolic Effects on OA-Chondrocytes by Regulating Pro-inflammatory Signaling Pathways. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:603598. [PMID: 33425869 PMCID: PMC7793861 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.603598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hBMSCs) provide a promising therapeutic approach in the cell-based therapy of osteoarthritis (OA). However, several disadvantages evolved recently, including immune responses of the host and regulatory hurdles, making it necessary to search for alternative treatment options. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released by multiple cell types and tissues into the extracellular microenvironment, acting as message carriers during intercellular communication. Here, we investigate putative protective effects of hBMSC-derived EVs as a cell-free approach, on IL-1β-stimulated chondrocytes obtained from OA-patients. Methods: EVs were harvested from the cell culture supernatant of hBMSCs by a sequential ultracentrifugation process. Western blot, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) were performed to characterize the purified particles as EVs. Intracellular incorporation of EVs, derived from PHK26-labeled hBMSCs, was tested by adding the labeled EVs to human OA chondrocytes (OA-CH), followed by fluorescence microscopy. Chondrocytes were pre-stimulated with IL-1β for 24 h, followed by EVs treatment for 24 h. Subsequently, proliferation, apoptosis, and migration (wound healing) were analyzed via BrdU assay, caspase 3/7 assay, and scratch assay, respectively. With qRT-PCR, the relative expression level of anabolic and catabolic genes was determined. Furthermore, immunofluorescence microscopy and western blot were performed to evaluate the protein expression and phosphorylation levels of Erk1/2, PI3K/Akt, p38, TAK1, and NF-κB as components of pro-inflammatory signaling pathways in OA-CH. Results: EVs from hBMSCs (hBMSC-EVs) promote proliferation and reduce apoptosis of OA-CH and IL-1β-stimulated OA-CH. Moreover, hBMSC-EVs attenuate IL-1β-induced reduction of chondrocyte migration. Furthermore, hBMSC-EVs increase gene expression of PRG4, BCL2, and ACAN (aggrecan) and decrease gene expression of MMP13, ALPL, and IL1ß in OA-CH. Notably, COL2A1, SOX9, BCL2, ACAN, and COMP gene expression levels were significantly increased in IL-1β+ EV groups compared with those IL-1β groups without EVs, whereas the gene expression levels of COLX, IL1B, MMP13, and ALPL were significantly decreased in IL-1β+ EV groups compared to IL-1β groups without EVs. In addition, the phosphorylation status of Erk1/2, PI3K/Akt, p38, TAK1, and NF-κB signaling molecules, induced by IL-1β, is prevented by hBMSC- EVs. Conclusion: EVs derived from hBMSCs alleviated IL-1β-induced catabolic effects on OA-CH via promoting proliferation and migration and reducing apoptosis, probably via downregulation of IL-1ß-activated pro-inflammatory Erk1/2, PI3K/Akt, p38, TAK1, and NF-κB signaling pathways. EVs released from BMSCs may be considered as promising cell-free intervention strategy in cartilage regenerative medicine, avoiding several adverse effects of cell-based regenerative approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shushan Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Experimental Orthopaedics, Centre for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB/Biopark 1), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Stöckl
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Experimental Orthopaedics, Centre for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB/Biopark 1), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Lukas
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Experimental Orthopaedics, Centre for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB/Biopark 1), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Julia Götz
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Asklepiosklinikum, Bad Abbach, Germany
| | - Marietta Herrmann
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF) Group Tissue Regeneration in Musculoskeletal Diseases, Bernhard-Heine-Centrum for Locomotion Research, University Hospital Würzburg, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marianne Federlin
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Grässel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Experimental Orthopaedics, Centre for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB/Biopark 1), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Asklepiosklinikum, Bad Abbach, Germany
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168
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Zhu L, Yu C, Zhang X, Yu Z, Zhan F, Yu X, Wang S, He F, Han Y, Zhao H. The treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration using Traditional Chinese Medicine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 263:113117. [PMID: 32738389 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is one of the most common causes of chronic low back pain that spending a lot of workforces and financial resources, seriously affecting human physical and mental health. Clinically used drug treatments and surgical treatments cannot fundamentally relieve the disease and have a risk of recurrence. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has a history of more than a thousand years in the prevention and treatment of IDD. However, so far, there are few reviews on the treatment of IDD by TCM. Therefore, it is crucial and necessary to systematically mine the existing literature on the treatment of IDD with TCM. This paper strives to systematically describe the modern medicine and TCM theoretical research on IDD, progress in the treatment of IDD and focuses on the treatment of IDD by TCM, which would lay some theoretical foundation and provide new directions for future research. MATERIALS AND METHODS Information on clinical observations, animal experiments and relevant pharmacology data about the treatment of IDD were gathered from various sources including traditional Chinese books and Chinese Pharmacopoeia, scientific databases (Elsevier, PubMed, Science Direct, Baidu Scholar, CNKI, Spring Link, Web of Science) and from different professional websites. RESULTS This review mainly introduces the current research on the theoretical research on IDD, the combination principle of the TCM formula, and the underlying mechanism of the formula and active ingredients. CONCLUSIONS At present, domestic and foreign scholars have carried out a lot of research in different ways, such as the molecular mechanism and predisposing factors of IDD, which provides theoretical development and clinical practice significance for future research. TCM, as a multi-component and multi-targeted drug, can produce synergistic effects to exert its efficacy. Therefore, the development of TCM with more specific functions and practical data will not only become a significant trend in the world market but also has an irreplaceable role in the future treatment of IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liguo Zhu
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Changsui Yu
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100102, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Zhongbao Yu
- Liaoning Yuzhongbao Chinese Medicine Clinic, Kuandian, 118200, China
| | - Fengyuan Zhan
- Liaoning Yuzhongbao Chinese Medicine Clinic, Kuandian, 118200, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Shuren Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Feng He
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Yusheng Han
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - He Zhao
- Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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169
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Notochordal-Cell-Derived Exosomes Induced by Compressive Load Inhibit Angiogenesis via the miR-140-5p/Wnt/β-Catenin Axis. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 22:1092-1106. [PMID: 33294295 PMCID: PMC7691158 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a pathological signature of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). Accumulating evidence has shown that notochordal cells (NCs) play an essential role in maintaining intervertebral disc development and homeostasis with inhibitive effect on blood vessel in-growth. However, the anti-angiogenesis mechanism of NCs is still unclear. In the current study, we, for the first time, isolated NC-derived exosomes (NC-exos) and showed their increased concentration following compressive load cultures. We further found that NC-exos from 0.5 MPa compressive load cultures (0.5 MPa/NC-exos) inhibit angiogenesis via transferring high expressed microRNA (miR)-140-5p to endothelial cells and regulating the downstream Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Clinical evidence showed that exosomal miR-140-5p expression of the nucleus pulposus is negatively correlated with angiogenesis in IDD. Finally, 0.5 MPa/NC-exos were demonstrated to have a therapeutical impact on the degenerated disc with an anti-angiogenesis effect in an IDD model. Consequently, our present findings provide insights into the anti-angiogenesis mechanism of NC-exos, indicating their therapeutic potential for IDD.
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170
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Zhang J, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Liu W, Ni W, Huang X, Yuan J, Zhao B, Xiao H, Xue F. Mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes ameliorate intervertebral disc degeneration through inhibiting pyroptosis. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:11742-11754. [PMID: 32860495 PMCID: PMC7579702 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs)‐based therapies have shown a promised result for intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) treatment. However, its molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Exosomes involve cell‐cell communication via transference of its contents among different cells, and the present potential effect on cell death regulation. This study aimed to investigate the role of MSCs‐derived exosomes on IVDD formation. Here, we first found the NLRP3‐mediated nucleus pulposus cell (NP cell) pyroptosis was activated in the IVDD mice model and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced model. However, MSCs treatment could inhibit NP cell pyroptosis in vitro. We then isolated MSCs‐derived exosomes by differential centrifugation and identified the characteristics. Secondly, we investigated the function of MSCs‐derived exosomes on LPS‐induced NP cell pyroptosis. Finally, we presented evidence that MSCs‐derived exosomal miR‐410 was a crucial regulator of pyroptosis. Results showed that MSCs‐derived exosomes play an anti‐pyroptosis role by suppressing the NLRP3 pathway. Moreover, it suggested that this effect was attributed to miR‐410, which was derived from MSCs‐exosomes and could directly bind to NLRP3mRNA. In conclusion, for the first time, we demonstrated that MSCs‐exosome treatment may inhibit pyroptosis and could be a promising therapeutic strategy for IVDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital/Southern Medical University Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jieyuan Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunlong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital/Southern Medical University Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Weifeng Ni
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital/Southern Medical University Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital/Southern Medical University Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Junjie Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital/Southern Medical University Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Bizeng Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Haijun Xiao
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital/Southern Medical University Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Xue
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital/Southern Medical University Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai, China
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171
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Hu ZL, Li HY, Chang X, Li YY, Liu CH, Gao XX, Zhai Y, Chen YX, Li CQ. Exosomes derived from stem cells as an emerging therapeutic strategy for intervertebral disc degeneration. World J Stem Cells 2020; 12:803-813. [PMID: 32952860 PMCID: PMC7477652 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i8.803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degenerative diseases are a common problem in the world, and they cause substantial social and economic burdens for people. The current methods for treating IVD degenerative diseases mainly include surgery and conservative treatment, which cannot fundamentally restore the normal structure of the disc. With continuous research on the mechanism of degeneration and the development of regenerative medicine, rapid progress has been made in the field of regenerative medicine regarding the use of stem cell-derived exosomes, which are active biological substances used in intercellular communication, because they show a strong effect in promoting tissue regeneration. The study of exosomes in the field of IVD degeneration has just begun, and many surprising achievements have been made. This paper mainly reviews the biological characteristics of exosomes and highlights the current status of exosomes in the field of IVD degeneration, as well as future developments regarding exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Lei Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Hai-Yin Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Xian Chang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Yue-Yang Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Chen-Hao Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Xiao-Xin Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Yu Zhai
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Yu-Xuan Chen
- Center of Traumatic Orthopedics, People's Liberation Army 990 Hospital, Xinyang 46400, Henan Province, China
| | - Chang-Qing Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
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172
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Hingert D, Ekström K, Aldridge J, Crescitelli R, Brisby H. Extracellular vesicles from human mesenchymal stem cells expedite chondrogenesis in 3D human degenerative disc cell cultures. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:323. [PMID: 32727623 PMCID: PMC7391655 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01832-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Extracellular vesicles (EVs) from human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are known to be mediators of intercellular communication and have been suggested as possible therapeutic agents in many diseases. Their potential use in intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration associated with low back pain (LBP) is yet to be explored. Since LBP affects more than 85% of the western population resulting in high socioeconomic consequences, there is a demand for exploring new and possibly mini-invasive treatment alternatives. In this study, the effect of hMSC-derived small EVs (sEVs) on degenerated disc cells (DCs) isolated from patients with degenerative discs and chronic LBP was investigated in a 3D in vitro model. Methods hMSCs were isolated from bone marrow aspirate, and EVs were isolated from conditioned media of the hMSCs by differential centrifugation and filtration. 3D pellet cultures of DCs were stimulated with the sEVs at 5 × 1010 vesicles/ml concentration for 28 days and compared to control. The pellets were harvested at days 7, 14, and 28 and evaluated for cell proliferation, viability, ECM production, apoptotic activity, chondrogenesis, and cytokine secretions. Results The findings demonstrated that treatment with sEVs from hMSCs resulted in more than 50% increase in cell proliferation and decrease in cellular apoptosis in degenerated DCs from this patient group. ECM production was also observed as early as in day 7 and was more than three times higher in the sEV-treated DC pellets compared to control cultures. Further, sEV treatment suppressed secretion of MMP-1 in the DCs. Conclusion hMSC-derived sEVs improved cell viability and expedited chondrogenesis in DCs from degenerated IVDs. These findings open up for new tissue regeneration treatment strategies to be developed for degenerative disorders of the spine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne Hingert
- Department of Orthopedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Karin Ekström
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jonathan Aldridge
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rosella Crescitelli
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Helena Brisby
- Department of Orthopedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Orthopedics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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173
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Li J, Liu ZP, Xu C, Guo A. TGF-β1-containing exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells promote proliferation, migration and fibrotic activity in rotator cuff tenocytes. Regen Ther 2020; 15:70-76. [PMID: 33426204 PMCID: PMC7770343 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to investigate effects of TGF-β1-containing exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) on cell function of rotator cuff tenocytes and its implication to rotator cuff tear. Methods The primary BMSC and rotator cuff tenocytes were extracted and cultured. Identification of BMSC were performed by observing cell morphology and measurement of surface biomarkers by flow cytometry. BMSC-derived exosomes were extracted and identified by using electron microscopy, nanoparticle-tracking analysis (NTA) and western blotting. Cell proliferation and cell cycle were measured by CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry assay, respectively. Transwell assay was used for detection of tenocytes migration. The fibrotic activity of tenocytes was determined via qPCR and western blotting assays. Results BMSC and BMSC-derived exosomes were successfully extracted. Treatment of BMSC-derived exosomes or TGF-β1 promoted cell proliferation, migration and increased cell ratio of (S + G2/M) phases in tenocytes, as well as enhanced the expression levels of fibrotic activity associated proteins. However, inhibition of TGF-β1 by transfection of sh-TGF-β1 or treatment of TGFβR I/II inhibitor partially reversed the impact of BMSC-derived exosomes on tenocytes function. Conclusion Taken together, TGF-β1-containing exosomes derived from BMSC promoted proliferation, migration and fibrotic activity in rotator cuff tenocytes, providing a new direction for treatment of rotator cuff tendon healing.
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Key Words
- BMSC
- BMSC, Bone mesenchymal stem cells
- CCK8, Cell counting kit-8
- Col I, Collagen I
- Col III, Collagen III
- DMEM, Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium
- Exosomes
- FBS, Fetal bovine serum
- Fibrotic activity
- Migration
- PVDF, Polyvinylidene fluoride
- Proliferation
- Rotator cuff tear
- SDS-PAGE, Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- Scx, Scleraxis
- Smad7, Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 7
- TGF-β1
- TGF-β1, Transforming growth factors β1
- TGF-βR I/II, Transforming growth factors β1 receptor type I/II
- Tnc, Tenascin C
- qPCR, Quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction
- α-SMA, α-smooth muscle actin
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, PR China.,Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde 067000, PR China
| | - Zheng-Peng Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, PR China.,Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde 067000, PR China
| | - Cong Xu
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde 067000, PR China
| | - Ai Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, PR China
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174
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Li ZQ, Kong L, Liu C, Xu HG. Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell-derived Exosomes Attenuate IL-1β-induced Annulus Fibrosus Cell Damage. Am J Med Sci 2020; 360:693-700. [PMID: 32771218 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2020.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) has high morbidity and high disability. Exosomes as a favorable candidate for IDD treatment is a hot spot of current research. METHODS Exosomes were obtained from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) of patients with non-open femoral fractures. Then, annulus fibrosus (AF) cells were treated with IL-1β, IL-1β combined with exosomes or IL-1β combined with exosomes and rapamycin. Flow cytometry and CCK-8 assay were performed to explore the apoptosis and cell proliferation. Quantitative real-time PCR and western blot were performed to detect the gene and protein expression. RESULTS Exosomes were obtained from BM-MSCs successfully. BM-MSC-derived exosomes suppressed IL-1β-induced inflammation and apoptosis and promoted cell proliferation of AF cells. BM-MSC-derived exosomes inhibited autophagy of AF cells by activating PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. The effect of BM-MSC-derived exosomes on inflammation and apoptosis of AF cells was rescued by rapamycin. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our study revealed that BM-MSC-derived exosomes inhibited IL-1β-induced inflammation and apoptosis of AF cells by suppressing autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Qi Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, Medical College of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China; Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Kong
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of WanNan Medical College, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Guang Xu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of WanNan Medical College, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
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175
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Zhu L, Shi Y, Liu L, Wang H, Shen P, Yang H. Mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes ameliorate nucleus pulposus cells apoptosis via delivering miR-142-3p: therapeutic potential for intervertebral disc degenerative diseases. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:1727-1739. [PMID: 32635856 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1769301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is the main cause of lower back pain (LBP), and puzzles massive individuals worldwide. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplantation has been demonstrated to potentially ameliorate IDD progression, while the underlying mechanism has not been fully explained. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) was used to induce nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) injury. Bone marrow MSCs-derived exosomes were isolated using the super centrifugation method, and characterized using Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and western blot. Cell viability was determined by MTT, while apoptosis was measured by Annexin-V staining using flow cytometry. miR-142-3fp and gene expressions were measured by real-time PCR. The protein expressions were determined by western blot. Herein, we found exosomes from bone marrow MSCs are circular vesicles, about 80 nm in diameter, and with robust expression of TSG101 and CD63, but without of Calnexin. MSCs exosomes alleviated NPCs apoptosis by reducing IL-1β-induced inflammatory cytokines secretion and MAPK signaling activation. Additionally, MSCs exosomes inhibited NPCs apoptosis and MAPK signaling by delivering miR-142-3p that targets mixed lineage kinase 3 (MLK3). Overexpression of MLK3 abolished the effects of MSCs exosomes on the inflammatory condition, cell apoptosis, and MAPK signaling activation in NPCs. The results confirmed that bone marrow MSCs-derived exosomes-packaged miR-142-3p alleviates NPCs injury through suppressing MAPK signaling by targeting MLK3. The work highlights the therapeutic effect of MSCs on IDD progression, and bone marrow MSCs exosomes might be apromising therapeutic strategy for IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifan Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuhui Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.,Department of Orthopedics, The Ninth People's Hospital of Suzhou , Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Pengcheng Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.,Department of Orthopedics, The Ninth People's Hospital of Suzhou , Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Huilin Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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176
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The Efficacy of Stem Cells Secretome Application in Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review of In Vivo Studies. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2020; 16:1222-1241. [DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-09980-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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177
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Sun Y, Leng P, Song M, Li D, Guo P, Xu X, Gao H, Li Z, Li C, Zhang H. Piezo1 activates the NLRP3 inflammasome in nucleus pulposus cell-mediated by Ca 2+/NF-κB pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 85:106681. [PMID: 32526681 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Studying and understanding the mechanism of inflammation in nucleus pulposus is the key to understand and prevent intervertebral disc degeneration. We propose a model of mechanical sensitive ion channel Piezo1 mediated inflammation of nucleus pulposus cells. Piezo1 can up-regulate the level of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in nucleus pulposus cells once it is activated. It is suggested that Piezo1 may mediate inflammation by activating Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome to accelerate the production and maturation of IL-1β. The primary objective of this study was to explore whether Piezo1 activates NLRP3 inflammasome in nucleus pulposus cells. Piezo1 sensitization was induced by mechanical stretch following which we analyzed the priming and assembly of NLRP3 inflammasome and also studied if the downstream Ca2+/NF-κB pathway mediated this activation in nucleus pulposus cells. The expression of Piezo1 and NLRP3 inflammasome increased in a time-dependent manner upon mechanical stretch. Piezo1 activation promoted NLRP3 inflammasome assembly, which was demonstrated by the upregulation of caspase-1 activation and IL-1β production. Transfection of Piezo1-siRNA reversed this process. The inhibition of Ca2+/NF-κB pathway reduced Piezo1-dependent activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. Thus, we propose that activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in nucleus pulposus cells mediated by Piezo1 through the Ca2+/NF-κB pathway is a novel pathogenesis for the progress of intervertebral disc degeneration. As per our knowledge this is the first study which has provided evidence linking Piezo1-mediated inflammation in nucleus pulposus cells with the production of NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Sun
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Ping Leng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Mengxiong Song
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Dawei Li
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Pengcheng Guo
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Xipeng Xu
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Huanshen Gao
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Zhenghui Li
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Chenkai Li
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Haining Zhang
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China.
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178
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Zhao Y, Qiu C, Wang W, Peng J, Cheng X, Shangguan Y, Xu M, Li J, Qu R, Chen X, Jia S, Luo D, Liu L, Li P, Guo F, Vasilev K, Liu L, Hayball J, Dong S, Pan X, Li Y, Guo L, Cheng L, Li W. Cortistatin protects against intervertebral disc degeneration through targeting mitochondrial ROS-dependent NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Theranostics 2020; 10:7015-7033. [PMID: 32550919 PMCID: PMC7295059 DOI: 10.7150/thno.45359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is a common degenerative disease that can lead to collapse or herniation of the nucleus pulposus (NP) and result in radiculopathy in patients. Methods: NP tissue and cells were isolated from patients and mice, and the expression profile of cortistatin (CST) was analysed. In addition, ageing of the NP was compared between 6-month-old WT and CST-knockout (CST-/-) mice. Furthermore, NP tissues and cells were cultured to validate the role of CST in TNF-α-induced IVD degeneration. Moreover, in vitro and in vivo experiments were performed to identify the potential role of CST in mitochondrial dysfunction, mitochondrial ROS generation and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome during IVD degeneration. In addition, NF-κB signalling pathway activity was tested in NP tissues and cells from CST-/- mice. Results: The expression of CST in NP cells was diminished in the ageing- and TNF-α-induced IVD degeneration process. In addition, compared with WT mice, aged CST-/- mice displayed accelerated metabolic imbalance and enhanced apoptosis, and these mice showed a disorganized NP tissue structure. Moreover, TNF-α-mediated catabolism and apoptosis were alleviated by exogenous CST treatment. Furthermore, CST inhibited mitochondrial dysfunction in NP cells through IVD degeneration and suppressed activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. In vitro and ex vivo experiments indicated that increased NF-κB pathway activity might have been associated with the IVD degeneration observed in CST-/- mice. Conclusion: This study suggests the role of CST in mitochondrial ROS and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in IVD degeneration, which might shed light on therapeutic targets for IVD degeneration.
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179
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Yolcu YU, Moinuddin FM, Wahood W, Alvi MA, Qu W, Bydon M. Use of regenerative treatments in treatment of lumbar Degenerative Disc Disease: A systematic review. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2020; 195:105916. [PMID: 32442808 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2020.105916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Low back pain due to lumbar Degenerative Disc Disease (DDD) is one of the most common causes of disability and morbidity, particularly among older adults. Current research efforts in lumbar DDD management are shifting towards identifying and correcting the pathology in intervertebral discs without any external manipulation. Herein, we present a systematic review of current literature regarding regenerative treatments for lumbar DDD. An electronic search of databases including PubMed, Ovid/MEDLINE, Cochrane and Scopus was conducted for articles in all available years. Studies that investigated treatment for discogenic pain in lumbar DDD, including any type of stem cell or bone marrow concentrate as the treatment agent and studies that report both baseline and follow-up pain and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores were included in the review. Changes in pain and ODI scores were calculated for 3-month, 6-month and 12-month periods. Six studies with a total of 93 patients were evaluated. Mean (SD) age of the pooled sample was 40.0(8.1) and 39.5% (32/81) of patients were female. Pain improvement was reported in 38.8% of patients at 3-month, 40.8% at 6-month and 44.1% at 12-month follow-up. Average improvement in ODI score for 3-month, 6-month and 12-month follow-ups was calculated to be 24.0, 26.5 and 25.7, respectively. Regenerative treatments are being increasingly employed across all spectrums of medicine. Review of six single arm studies revealed a potential positive impact in the preliminary results. However, these promising 'preliminary' results should not be interpreted as the definite treatment and should be validated with further prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yagiz Ugur Yolcu
- Mayo Clinic Neuro-Informatics Laboratory, Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - F M Moinuddin
- Mayo Clinic Neuro-Informatics Laboratory, Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Waseem Wahood
- Mayo Clinic Neuro-Informatics Laboratory, Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Nova Southeastern University Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Davie, FL, USA
| | - Mohammed Ali Alvi
- Mayo Clinic Neuro-Informatics Laboratory, Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Wenchun Qu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Mohamad Bydon
- Mayo Clinic Neuro-Informatics Laboratory, Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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180
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Ha DH, Kim HK, Lee J, Kwon HH, Park GH, Yang SH, Jung JY, Choi H, Lee JH, Sung S, Yi YW, Cho BS. Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cell-Derived Exosomes for Immunomodulatory Therapeutics and Skin Regeneration. Cells 2020; 9:E1157. [PMID: 32392899 PMCID: PMC7290908 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are nano-sized vesicles that serve as mediators for cell-to-cell communication. With their unique nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids cargo compositions that reflect the characteristics of producer cells, exosomes can be utilized as cell-free therapeutics. Among exosomes derived from various cellular origins, mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-exosomes) have gained great attention due to their immunomodulatory and regenerative functions. Indeed, many studies have shown anti-inflammatory, anti-aging and wound healing effects of MSC-exosomes in various in vitro and in vivo models. In addition, recent advances in the field of exosome biology have enabled development of specific guidelines and quality control methods, which will ultimately lead to clinical application of exosomes. This review highlights recent studies that investigate therapeutic potential of MSC-exosomes and relevant mode of actions for skin diseases, as well as quality control measures required for development of exosome-derived therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Hyun Ha
- ExoCoBio Exosome Institute (EEI), ExoCoBio Inc., Seoul 08594, Korea; (D.H.H.); (H.-k.K.); (J.H.L.); (S.S.)
| | - Hyun-keun Kim
- ExoCoBio Exosome Institute (EEI), ExoCoBio Inc., Seoul 08594, Korea; (D.H.H.); (H.-k.K.); (J.H.L.); (S.S.)
| | - Joon Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
| | | | - Gyeong-Hun Park
- Department of Dermatology, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hwasweong-si, Gyeonggi-do 18450, Korea;
| | | | | | | | - Jun Ho Lee
- ExoCoBio Exosome Institute (EEI), ExoCoBio Inc., Seoul 08594, Korea; (D.H.H.); (H.-k.K.); (J.H.L.); (S.S.)
| | - Sumi Sung
- ExoCoBio Exosome Institute (EEI), ExoCoBio Inc., Seoul 08594, Korea; (D.H.H.); (H.-k.K.); (J.H.L.); (S.S.)
| | - Yong Weon Yi
- ExoCoBio Exosome Institute (EEI), ExoCoBio Inc., Seoul 08594, Korea; (D.H.H.); (H.-k.K.); (J.H.L.); (S.S.)
| | - Byong Seung Cho
- ExoCoBio Exosome Institute (EEI), ExoCoBio Inc., Seoul 08594, Korea; (D.H.H.); (H.-k.K.); (J.H.L.); (S.S.)
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181
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Piazza N, Dehghani M, Gaborski TR, Wuertz-Kozak K. Therapeutic Potential of Extracellular Vesicles in Degenerative Diseases of the Intervertebral Disc. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:311. [PMID: 32363187 PMCID: PMC7181459 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid membrane particles carrying proteins, lipids, DNA, and various types of RNA that are involved in intercellular communication. EVs derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been investigated extensively in many different fields due to their crucial role as regeneration drivers, but research for their use in degenerative diseases of the intervertebral disc (IVD) has only started recently. MSC-derived EVs not only promote extracellular matrix synthesis and proliferation in IVD cells, but also reduce apoptosis and inflammation, hence having multifunctional beneficial effects that seem to be mediated by specific miRNAs (such as miR-233 and miR-21) within the EVs. Aside from MSC-derived EVs, IVD-derived EVs (e.g., stemming from notochordal cells) also have important functions in IVD health and disease. This article will summarize the current knowledge on MSC-derived and IVD-derived EVs and will highlight areas of future research, including the isolation and analysis of EV subpopulations or exposure of MSCs to cues that may enhance the therapeutic potential of released EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Piazza
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT), Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Mehdi Dehghani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT), Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Thomas R. Gaborski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT), Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Karin Wuertz-Kozak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT), Rochester, NY, United States
- Institute for Biomechanics, Zurich, Switzerland
- Spine Center, Schön Clinic Munich Harlaching, Munich, Germany
- Academic Teaching Hospital and Spine Research Institute, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
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182
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Álvarez-Viejo M. Mesenchymal stem cells from different sources and their derived exosomes: A pre-clinical perspective. World J Stem Cells 2020; 12:100-109. [PMID: 32184935 PMCID: PMC7062037 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i2.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the introduction of cell therapy as a strategy for the treatment of many diseases, mesenchymal stem cells have emerged as ideal candidates, yet the underlying mechanisms of their beneficial effects are only partially understood. At the start of the 21st century, a paracrine effect was proposed as a mechanism of tissue repair by these cells. In addition, a role was suggested for a heterogeneous population of extracellular vesicles in cell-to-cell communication. Some of these vesicles including exosomes have been isolated from most fluids and cells, as well as from supernatants of in vitro cell cultures. Recent research in the field of regenerative medicine suggests that exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells could be a powerful new therapeutic tool. This review examines the therapeutic potential of these exosomes obtained from the sources most used in cell therapy: bone marrow, adipose tissue, and umbilical cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Álvarez-Viejo
- Unidad de Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa, Servicio de Hematología y Hemoterapia, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo 33011, Spain
- Plataforma de Terapias Avanzadas, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo 33011, Spain
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183
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Cai Z, Li K, Yang K, Luo D, Xu H. Suppression of miR-203-3p inhibits lipopolysaccharide induced human intervertebral disc inflammation and degeneration through upregulating estrogen receptor α. Gene Ther 2020; 27:417-426. [PMID: 31896759 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-019-0118-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence demonstrates that estrogen receptor α (ERα) and microRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial roles in intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). However, the specific miRNA that related with ERα during IDD development remains unknown. Therefore, we aimed to explore the role of ERα-related miRNA in the IDD model. Nucleus pulposus (NP) cells were isolated from IDD patients. ERα-related miRNAs were selected and verified in NP tissues from IDD patients using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Also, the related cytokine mRNA levels were detected by qRT-PCR. Protein levels were determined by Western blot. The concentrations of inflammatory cytokines in culture supernatants were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. MiR-203-3p was found to be upregulated in NP tissues of high-grade IDD patients compared with low-grade IDD patients, and negatively associated with ERα expression. MiR-203-3p directly targeted ERα in NP cells of IDD patients. After lipopolysaccharides (LPS) stimulation, miR-203-3p expression increased, while ERα expression decreased in NP cells. MiR-203-3p inhibition suppressed the effect of LPS on ERα expression and IDD related genes, while ERα downregulation rescued the effect of LPS. In conclusion, suppression the expression of miR-203-3p could inhibit LPS-induced human intervertebral disc inflammation and degeneration through upregulating ERα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxu Cai
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Dongying People's Hospital, No. 317, Nanyi Road, Dongying, 257091, Shandong, China
| | - Kunpeng Li
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, No. 67, Dongchang Xilu Road, Liaocheng, 252000, Shandong, China
| | - Keshi Yang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, No. 67, Dongchang Xilu Road, Liaocheng, 252000, Shandong, China
| | - Dawei Luo
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, No. 67, Dongchang Xilu Road, Liaocheng, 252000, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, No. 67, Dongchang Xilu Road, Liaocheng, 252000, Shandong, China.
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