151
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Exploring Highly Antigenic Protein of Campylobacter jejuni for Designing Epitope Based Vaccine: Immunoinformatics Approach. Int J Pept Res Ther 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-018-9764-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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152
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Vakili B, Eslami M, Hatam GR, Zare B, Erfani N, Nezafat N, Ghasemi Y. Immunoinformatics-aided design of a potential multi-epitope peptide vaccine against Leishmania infantum. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 120:1127-1139. [PMID: 30172806 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.08.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) or kala-azar, the most severe form of the disease, is endemic in more than eighty countries across the world. To date, there is no approved vaccine against VL in the market. Recent advances in reverse vaccinology could be promising approach in designing the efficient vaccine for VL treatment. In this study, an efficient multi-epitope vaccine against Leishmania infantum, the causative agent of VL, was designed using various computational vaccinology methods. Potential immunodominant epitopes were selected from four antigenic proteins, including histone H1, sterol 24-c-methyltransferase (SMT), Leishmania-specific hypothetical protein (LiHy), and Leishmania-specific antigenic protein (LSAP). To enhance vaccine immunogenicity, two resuscitation-promoting factor of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, RpfE and RpfB, were employed as adjuvants. All the aforesaid segments were joined using proper linkers. Homology modeling, followed by refinement and validation was performed to obtain a high-quality 3D structure of designed vaccine. Docking analyses and molecular dynamics (MD) studies indicated vaccine/TLR4 complex was in the stable form during simulation time. In sum, we expect our designed vaccine is able to induce humoral and cellular immune responses against L. infantum, and may be promising medication for VL, after in vitro and in vivo immunological assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Vakili
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Eslami
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Gholam Reza Hatam
- Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Bijan Zare
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nasrollah Erfani
- Institute for Cancer Research (ICR), School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Navid Nezafat
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Younes Ghasemi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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153
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Cantini F, Banci L. Structural Knowledge for Molecular Optimization: The Cases of Metal-Mediated Protein-Protein Interactions and Structural Vaccinology. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201800699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cantini
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM); University of Florence; Via L. Sacconi 6 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
- Department of Chemistry; University of Florence; Via della Lastruccia 3 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Lucia Banci
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM); University of Florence; Via L. Sacconi 6 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
- Department of Chemistry; University of Florence; Via della Lastruccia 3 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
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154
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Ehsan N, Ahmad S, Azam SS, Rungrotmongkol T, Uddin R. Proteome-wide identification of epitope-based vaccine candidates against multi-drug resistant Proteus mirabilis. Biologicals 2018; 55:27-37. [PMID: 30078661 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteus mirabilis is one of the important pathogens of urinary tract and exhibits resistance to multiple drugs. Development of vaccine tends to be the most promising and cost-effective remedy against the said pathogen. Herein, we implement a combinatorial approach for screening proteins harboring potential broad-spectrum antigenic epitopes in the proteome of P. mirabilis. The targets are host non-homologous, essential and virulent, and have localization in the extracellular and outer membrane. Immuno-informatics revealed antigenic, surface exposed and broad-spectrum B-cell derived T-cell epitopes for three membrane usher family candidates: AtfC, PMI2533 and PMI1466, which could evoke a substantial immune response. Protein-protein interactions of targeted three proteins have shown their involvement in biologically significant pathways indispensable for the growth and survival of the pathogen. The antigenic epitopes are conserved among all completely annotated strains and docked deeply in the binding cavity of the most prevalent allele-DRB1*0101 in human population. Future work is necessary to characterize the shortlisted proteins and epitopes for immune protection in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nosheen Ehsan
- Computational Biology Lab, National Center for Bioinformatics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Sajjad Ahmad
- Computational Biology Lab, National Center for Bioinformatics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Syed Sikander Azam
- Computational Biology Lab, National Center for Bioinformatics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Thanyada Rungrotmongkol
- Biocatalyst and Environmental Biotechnology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Ph.D. Program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Reaz Uddin
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
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155
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Immunogenic characterization of vaccines based on Haemophilus parasuis Nagasaki strain, OmpP2, OmpP5 and OmpD15, in colostrum-deprived pigs experimentally challenged with the same strain. Res Vet Sci 2018; 119:292-301. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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156
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Capelli R, Peri C, Villa R, Nithichanon A, Conchillo-Solé O, Yero D, Gagni P, Chiari M, Lertmemongkolchai G, Cretich M, Daura X, Bolognesi M, Colombo G, Gourlay LJ. BPSL1626: Reverse and Structural Vaccinology Reveal a Novel Candidate for Vaccine Design against Burkholderia pseudomallei. Antibodies (Basel) 2018; 7:antib7030026. [PMID: 31544878 PMCID: PMC6640674 DOI: 10.3390/antib7030026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to significant advances in computational biology, protein prediction, together with antigen and epitope design, have rapidly moved from conventional methods, based on experimental approaches, to in silico-based bioinformatics methods. In this context, we report a reverse vaccinology study that identified a panel of 104 candidate antigens from the Gram-negative bacterial pathogen Burkholderia pseudomallei, which is responsible for the disease melioidosis. B. pseudomallei can cause fatal sepsis in endemic populations in the tropical regions of the world and treatment with antibiotics is mostly ineffective. With the aim of identifying potential vaccine candidates, we report the experimental validation of predicted antigen and type I fimbrial subunit, BPSL1626, which we show is able to recognize and bind human antibodies from the sera of Burkholderia infected patients and to stimulate T-lymphocytes in vitro. The prerequisite for a melioidosis vaccine, in fact, is that both antibody- and cell-mediated immune responses must be triggered. In order to reveal potential antigenic regions of the protein that may aid immunogen re-design, we also report the crystal structure of BPSL1626 at 1.9 Å resolution on which structure-based epitope predictions were based. Overall, our data suggest that BPSL1626 and three epitope regions here-identified can represent viable candidates as potential antigenic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Capelli
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Mario Bianco 9, 20131 Milano, Italy.
- Center for Complexity and Biosystems and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano and INFN, 20133 Milano, Italy.
- Computational Biomedicine Section, Institute of Advanced Simulation IAS-5 and Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine INM-9 Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
| | - Claudio Peri
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Mario Bianco 9, 20131 Milano, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Villa
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Arnone Nithichanon
- Center for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories (CMDL), Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| | - Oscar Conchillo-Solé
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Daniel Yero
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Paola Gagni
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Mario Bianco 9, 20131 Milano, Italy.
| | - Marcella Chiari
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Mario Bianco 9, 20131 Milano, Italy.
| | - Ganjana Lertmemongkolchai
- Center for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories (CMDL), Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| | - Marina Cretich
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Mario Bianco 9, 20131 Milano, Italy.
| | - Xavier Daura
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Martino Bolognesi
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy.
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Cryo Electron-Microscopy Laboratory, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Colombo
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Mario Bianco 9, 20131 Milano, Italy.
- Department of Chemistry, Università di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Louise J Gourlay
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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157
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Coppola M, Ottenhoff TH. Genome wide approaches discover novel Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens as correlates of infection, disease, immunity and targets for vaccination. Semin Immunol 2018; 39:88-101. [PMID: 30327124 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Every day approximately six thousand people die of Tuberculosis (TB). Its causative agent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is an ancient pathogen that through its evolution developed complex mechanisms to evade immune surveillance and acquire the ability to establish persistent infection in its hosts. Currently, it is estimated that one-fourth of the human population is latently infected with Mtb and among those infected 3-10% are at risk of developing active TB disease during their lifetime. The currently available diagnostics are not able to detect this risk group for prophylactic treatment to prevent transmission. Anti-TB drugs are available but only as long regimens with considerable side effects, which could both be reduced if adequate tests were available to monitor the response of TB to treatment. New vaccines are also urgently needed to substitute or boost Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), the only approved TB vaccine: although BCG prevents disseminated TB in infants, it fails to impact the incidence of pulmonary TB in adults, and therefore has little effect on TB transmission. To achieve TB eradication, the discovery of Mtb antigens that effectively correlate with the human response to infection, with the curative host response following TB treatment, and with natural as well as vaccine induced protection will be critical. Over the last decade, many new Mtb antigens have been found and proposed as TB biomarkers and vaccine candidates, but only a very small number of these is being used in commercial diagnostic tests or is being assessed as candidate TB vaccine antigens in human clinical trials, aiming to prevent infection, disease or disease recurrence following treatment. Most of these antigens were discovered decades ago, before the complete Mtb genome sequence became available, and thus did not harness the latest insights from post-genomic antigen discovery strategies and genome wide approaches. These have, for example, revealed critical phase variation in Mtb replication and accompanying gene -and therefore antigen- expression patterns. In this review, we present a brief overview of past methodologies, and subsequently focus on the most important recent Mtb antigen discovery studies which have mined the Mtb antigenome through "unbiased" genome wide approaches. We compare the results for these approaches -as far as we know for the first time-, highlight Mtb antigens that have been identified independently by different strategies and present a comprehensive overview of the Mtb antigens thus discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariateresa Coppola
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, LUMC, PO Box 9600, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Tom Hm Ottenhoff
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, LUMC, PO Box 9600, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands
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158
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Mortimer TD, Grad YH. Applications of genomics to slow the spread of multidrug-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2018; 1435:93-109. [PMID: 29876934 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Infections with Neisseria gonorrhoeae, a sexually transmitted pathogen that causes urethritis, cervicitis, and more severe complications, are increasing. Gonorrhea is typically treated with antibiotics; however, N. gonorrhoeae has rapidly acquired resistance to many antibiotic classes, and lineages with reduced susceptibility to the currently recommended therapies are emerging worldwide. In this review, we discuss the contributions of whole genome sequencing (WGS) to our understanding of resistant N. gonorrhoeae. Genomics has illuminated the evolutionary origins and population structure of N. gonorrhoeae and the magnitude of horizontal gene transfer within and between Neisseria species. WGS can be used to predict the susceptibility of N. gonorrhoeae based on known resistance determinants, track the spread of these determinants throughout the N. gonorrhoeae population, and identify novel loci contributing to resistance. WGS has also allowed more detailed epidemiological analysis of transmission of N. gonorrhoeae between individuals and populations than previously used typing methods. Ongoing N. gonorrhoeae genomics will complement other laboratory techniques to understand the biology and evolution of the pathogen, improve diagnostics and treatment in the clinic, and inform public health policies to limit the impact of antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatum D Mortimer
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yonatan H Grad
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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159
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Zhang Q, Lin K, Wang C, Xu Z, Yang L, Ma Q. Identification of Streptococcus mitis321A vaccine antigens based on reverse vaccinology. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:7477-7486. [PMID: 29620181 PMCID: PMC5983942 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus mitis (S. mitis) may transform into highly pathogenic bacteria. The aim of the present study was to identify potential antigen targets for designing an effective vaccine against the pathogenic S. mitis321A. The genome of S. mitis321A was sequenced using an Illumina Hiseq2000 instrument. Subsequently, Glimmer 3.02 and Tandem Repeat Finder (TRF) 4.04 were used to predict genes and tandem repeats, respectively, with DNA sequence function analysis using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Cluster of Orthologous Groups of proteins (COG) databases. Putative gene antigen candidates were screened with BLAST ahead of phylogenetic tree analysis. The DNA sequence assembly size was 2,110,680 bp with 40.12% GC, 6 scaffolds and 9 contig. Consequently, 1,944 genes were predicted, and 119 TRF, 56 microsatellite DNA, 10 minisatellite DNA and 154 transposons were acquired. The predicted genes were associated with various pathways and functions concerning membrane transport and energy metabolism. Multiple putative genes encoding surface proteins, secreted proteins and virulence factors, as well as essential genes were determined. The majority of essential genes belonged to a phylogenetic lineage, while 321AGL000129 and 321AGL000299 were on the same branch. The current study provided useful information regarding the biological function of the S. mitis321A genome and recommends putative antigen candidates for developing a potent vaccine against S. mitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Zhang
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, Xinqiao Hospital of Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Kexiong Lin
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, Xinqiao Hospital of Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Changzheng Wang
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, Xinqiao Hospital of Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Xu
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, Xinqiao Hospital of Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Li Yang
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, Xinqiao Hospital of Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Qianli Ma
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, Xinqiao Hospital of Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
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160
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Starnbach MN. Action Needed on Chlamydia Vaccines. Trends Microbiol 2018; 26:639-640. [PMID: 29858127 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common infectious disease in the USA for which the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) collects case reports. Its prevalence in young women is a public health crisis given the threat to their reproductive health. Consequently, development of a vaccine to prevent infection should be prioritized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael N Starnbach
- Harvard Medical School, Microbiology and Immunobiology, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, USA.
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161
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López C, Yepes-Pérez Y, Díaz-Arévalo D, Patarroyo ME, Patarroyo MA. The in Vitro Antigenicity of Plasmodium vivax Rhoptry Neck Protein 2 ( PvRON2) B- and T-Epitopes Selected by HLA-DRB1 Binding Profile. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:156. [PMID: 29868512 PMCID: PMC5962679 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax is a neglected disease which is responsible for the highest morbidity in both Americas and Asia. Despite continuous public health efforts to prevent malarial infection, an effective antimalarial vaccine is still urgently needed. P. vivax vaccine development involves analyzing naturally-infected patients' immune response to the specific proteins involved in red blood cell invasion. The P. vivax rhoptry neck protein 2 (PvRON2) is a highly conserved protein which is expressed in late schizont rhoptries; it interacts directly with AMA-1 and might be involved in moving-junction formation. Bioinformatics approaches were used here to select B- and T-cell epitopes. Eleven high-affinity binding peptides were selected using the NetMHCIIpan-3.0 in silico prediction tool; their in vitro binding to HLA-DRB1*0401, HLA-DRB1*0701, HLA-DRB1*1101 or HLA-DRB1*1302 was experimentally assessed. Four peptides (39152 (HLA-DRB1*04 and 11), 39047 (HLA-DRB1*07), 39154 (HLADRB1*13) and universal peptide 39153) evoked a naturally-acquired T-cell immune response in P. vivax-exposed individuals from two endemic areas in Colombia. All four peptides had an SI greater than 2 in proliferation assays; however, only peptides 39154 and 39153 had significant differences compared to the control group. Peptide 39047 was able to significantly stimulate TNF and IL-10 production while 39154 stimulated TNF production. Allele-specific peptides (but not the universal one) were able to stimulate IL-6 production; however, none induced IFN-γ production. The Bepipred 1.0 tool was used for selecting four B-cell epitopes in silico regarding humoral response. Peptide 39041 was the only one recognized by P. vivax-exposed individuals' sera and had significant differences concerning IgG subclasses; an IgG2 > IgG4 profile was observed for this peptide, agreeing with a protection-inducing role against P. falciparum and P. vivax as previously described for antigens such as RESA and MSP2. The bioinformatics results and in vitro evaluation reported here highlighted two T-cell epitopes (39047 and 39154) being recognized by memory cells and a B-cell epitope (39041) identified by P. vivax-exposed individuals' sera which could be used as potential candidates when designing a subunit-based vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina López
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia.,PhD Program in Biomedical and Biological Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Yoelis Yepes-Pérez
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia.,MSc Program in Microbiology, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Diana Díaz-Arévalo
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia.,Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Manuel E Patarroyo
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia.,School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Manuel A Patarroyo
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia.,Basic Sciences Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
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162
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MacRaild CA, Seow J, Das SC, Norton RS. Disordered epitopes as peptide vaccines. Pept Sci (Hoboken) 2018; 110:e24067. [PMID: 32328540 PMCID: PMC7167742 DOI: 10.1002/pep2.24067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The development of clinically useful peptide-based vaccines remains a long-standing goal. This review highlights that intrinsically disordered protein antigens, which lack an ordered three-dimensional structure, represent excellent starting points for the development of such vaccines. Disordered proteins represent an important class of antigen in a wide range of human pathogens, and, contrary to widespread belief, they are frequently targets of protective antibody responses. Importantly, disordered epitopes appear invariably to be linear epitopes, rendering them ideally suited to incorporation into a peptide vaccine. Nonetheless, the conformational properties of disordered antigens, and hence their recognition by antibodies, frequently depend on the interactions they make and the context in which they are presented to the immune system. These effects must be considered in the design of an effective vaccine. Here we discuss these issues and propose design principles that may facilitate the development of peptide vaccines targeting disordered antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A. MacRaild
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal ParadeParkville3052Australia
| | - Jeffrey Seow
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal ParadeParkville3052Australia
| | - Sreedam C. Das
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal ParadeParkville3052Australia
| | - Raymond S. Norton
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal ParadeParkville3052Australia
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163
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Beitelshees M, Hill A, Rostami P, Jones CH, Pfeifer BA. A Transition to Targeted or ‘Smart’ Vaccines: How Understanding Commensal Colonization Can Lead to Selective Vaccination. Pharmaceut Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40290-018-0225-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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164
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Kazi A, Chuah C, Majeed ABA, Leow CH, Lim BH, Leow CY. Current progress of immunoinformatics approach harnessed for cellular- and antibody-dependent vaccine design. Pathog Glob Health 2018. [PMID: 29528265 DOI: 10.1080/20477724.2018.1446773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoinformatics plays a pivotal role in vaccine design, immunodiagnostic development, and antibody production. In the past, antibody design and vaccine development depended exclusively on immunological experiments which are relatively expensive and time-consuming. However, recent advances in the field of immunological bioinformatics have provided feasible tools which can be used to lessen the time and cost required for vaccine and antibody development. This approach allows the selection of immunogenic regions from the pathogen genomes. The ideal regions could be developed as potential vaccine candidates to trigger protective immune responses in the hosts. At present, epitope-based vaccines are attractive concepts which have been successfully trailed to develop vaccines which target rapidly mutating pathogens. In this article, we provide an overview of the current progress of immunoinformatics and their applications in the vaccine design, immune system modeling and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ada Kazi
- a Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM) , Universiti Sains Malaysia , Kelantan , Malaysia.,b School of Health Sciences , Universiti Sains Malaysia , Kelantan , Malaysia
| | - Candy Chuah
- c School of Medical Sciences , Universiti Sains Malaysia , Kelantan , Malaysia
| | | | - Chiuan Herng Leow
- d Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM) , Universiti Sains Malaysia , Penang , Malaysia
| | - Boon Huat Lim
- b School of Health Sciences , Universiti Sains Malaysia , Kelantan , Malaysia
| | - Chiuan Yee Leow
- a Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM) , Universiti Sains Malaysia , Kelantan , Malaysia
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165
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Asad Y, Ahmad S, Rungrotmongkol T, Ranaghan KE, Azam SS. Immuno-informatics driven proteome-wide investigation revealed novel peptide-based vaccine targets against emerging multiple drug resistant Providencia stuartii. J Mol Graph Model 2018; 80:238-250. [PMID: 29414043 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The bacterium Providencia stuartii, is associated with urinary tract infections and is the most common cause of purple urine bag syndrome. The increasing multi-drug resistance pattern shown by the pathogen and lack of licensed vaccines make treatment of infections caused by P. stuartii challenging. As vaccinology data against the pathogen is scarce, an in silico proteome based Reverse Vaccinology (RV) protocol, in combination with subtractive proteomics is introduced in this work to screen potential vaccine candidates against P. stuartii. The analysis identified three potential vaccine candidates for designing broad-spectrum and strain-specific peptide vaccines: FimD4, FimD6, and FimD8. These proteins are essential for pathogen survival, localized in the outer membrane, virulent, and antigenic in nature. Immunoproteomic tools mapped surface exposed and non-allergenic 9mer B-cell derived T-cell antigenic epitopes for the proteins. The epitopes also show stable and rich interactions with the most predominant HLA allele (DRB1*0101) in the human population. Metabolic pathway annotation of the proteins indicated that fimbrial biogenesis outer membrane usher protein (FimD6) is the most suitable candidate for vaccine design, due to its involvement in several significant pathways. These pathways include: the bacterial secretion system, two-component system, β-lactam resistance, and cationic antimicrobial peptide pathways. The predicted epitopes may provide a basis for designing a peptide-based vaccine against P. stuartii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelda Asad
- Computational Biology Lab, National Center for Bioinformatics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad Ahmad
- Computational Biology Lab, National Center for Bioinformatics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Thanyada Rungrotmongkol
- Biocatalyst and Environmental Biotechnology Research unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Ph.D. Program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Kara E Ranaghan
- Centre for Computational Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Syed Sikander Azam
- Computational Biology Lab, National Center for Bioinformatics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan; Biocatalyst and Environmental Biotechnology Research unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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Meningococcal Vaccines: Current Status and Emerging Strategies. Vaccines (Basel) 2018; 6:vaccines6010012. [PMID: 29495347 PMCID: PMC5874653 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines6010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neisseria meningitidis causes most cases of bacterial meningitis. Meningococcal meningitis is a public health burden to both developed and developing countries throughout the world. There are a number of vaccines (polysaccharide-based, glycoconjugate, protein-based and combined conjugate vaccines) that are approved to target five of the six disease-causing serogroups of the pathogen. Immunization strategies have been effective at helping to decrease the global incidence of meningococcal meningitis. Researchers continue to enhance these efforts through discovery of new antigen targets that may lead to a broadly protective vaccine and development of new methods of homogenous vaccine production. This review describes current meningococcal vaccines and discusses some recent research discoveries that may transform vaccine development against N. meningitidis in the future.
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167
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Infections associated with the use of eculizumab: recommendations for prevention and prophylaxis. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2018; 29:319-29. [PMID: 27257797 DOI: 10.1097/qco.0000000000000279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Eculizumab inhibits complement effector functions and has significantly impacted the treatment of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria and atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome. However, the risks of potentially life-threatening infections, notably with Neisseria spp. in addition to its cost, are major challenges in clinical practice. In this review, we characterize and summarize the infectious complications reported with the use of eculizumab in the context of its typical and expanding indications. RECENT FINDINGS Use of eculizumab is rapidly extending to the fields of transplantation and neurology. Eculizumab has been primarily associated with an increased risk of meningococcal infections. Immunization against its commonest serotypes (ABCWY) is now possible with the advent of the meningococcal B vaccine. A combined ABCWY vaccine is underway. Preventive strategies against breakthrough Neisseria infections should also include chemoprophylaxis. Less is known about the association of eculizumab with other infections as recently reported. Surrogate markers of complement blockade, notably CH50, and eculizumab efficacy may help in the risk assessment of infection. SUMMARY Eculizumab has opened new horizons in the treatment of complement-mediated disorders. Prophylactic and immunization strategies against the risk of Nesseria spp. infections are sound and feasible. The use of eculizumab is expanding beyond complement-mediated diseases to transplantation and neurological disorders. Further research is needed to better define and stratify the risk of infection and prevention strategies in patients with the latter indications.
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Bragg RR, Meyburgh CM, Lee JY, Coetzee M. Potential Treatment Options in a Post-antibiotic Era. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1052:51-61. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-7572-8_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Advanced In Silico Tools for Designing of Antigenic Epitope as Potential Vaccine Candidates Against Coronavirus. BIOINFORMATICS: SEQUENCES, STRUCTURES, PHYLOGENY 2018. [PMCID: PMC7120312 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-1562-6_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Vaccines are the most economical and potent substitute of available medicines to cure various bacterial and viral diseases. Earlier, killed or attenuated pathogens were employed for vaccine development. But in present era, the peptide vaccines are in much trend and are favoured over whole vaccines because of their superiority over conventional vaccines. These vaccines are either based on single proteins or on synthetic peptides including several B-cell and T-cell epitopes. However, the overall mechanism of action remains the same and works by prompting the immune system to activate the specific B-cell- and T-cell-mediated responses against the pathogen. Rino Rappuoli and others have contributed in this field by plotting the design of the most potent and fully computational approach for discovery of potential vaccine candidates which is popular as reverse vaccinology. This is quite an unambiguous advance for vaccine evolution where one begins with the genome information of the pathogen and ends up with the list of certain epitopes after application of multiple bioinformatics tools. This book chapter is an effort to bring this approach of reverse vaccinology into notice of readers using example of coronavirus.
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170
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Vakili B, Nezafat N, Hatam GR, Zare B, Erfani N, Ghasemi Y. Proteome-scale identification of Leishmania infantum for novel vaccine candidates: A hierarchical subtractive approach. Comput Biol Chem 2017; 72:16-25. [PMID: 29291591 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines are one of the most significant achievements in medical science. However, vaccine design is still challenging at all stages. The selection of antigenic peptides as vaccine candidates is the first and most important step for vaccine design. Experimental selection of antigenic peptides for the design of vaccines is a time-consuming, labor-intensive and expensive procedure. More recently, in the light of computer-aided biotechnology and reverse vaccinology, the precise selection of antigenic peptides and rational vaccine design against many pathogens have developed. In this study, the whole proteome of Leishmania infantum was analyzed using a pipeline of algorithms. From the set of 8045 proteins of L. infantum, sixteen novel antigenic proteins were derived using a hierarchical proteome subtractive analysis. These novel vaccine targets can be utilized as top candidates for designing the new prophylactic or therapeutic vaccines against visceral leishmaniasis. Significantly, all the sixteen novel vaccine candidates are non-allergen antigenic proteins that have not been used for the design of vaccines against visceral leishmaniasis until now.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Vakili
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Navid Nezafat
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Gholam Reza Hatam
- Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Bijan Zare
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nasrollah Erfani
- Institute for Cancer Research (ICR), School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Younes Ghasemi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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171
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Lee YH, Jang YH, Byun YH, Cheong Y, Kim P, Lee YJ, Lee YJ, Sung JM, Son A, Lee HM, Lee J, Yang SW, Song JM, Seong BL. Green Tea Catechin-Inactivated Viral Vaccine Platform. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2469. [PMID: 29312180 PMCID: PMC5732980 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, chemical agents such as formalin (FA) and β-propiolactone (BPL) have long been used for the preparation of inactivated vaccines or toxoids. It has been shown that FA extensively modifies vaccine antigens and thus affects immunogenicity profiles, sometimes compromising the protective efficacy of the vaccines or even exacerbating the disease upon infection. In this study, we show that natural catechins from green tea extracts (GT) can be used as an inactivating agent to prepare inactivated viral vaccines. GT treatment resulted in complete and irreversible inactivation of influenza virus as well as dengue virus. In contrast to FA that reacted extensively with multiple amino acids including lysine, a major anchor residue for epitope binding to MHC molecules, GT catechin epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) crosslinked primarily with cysteine residues and thus preserved the major epitopes of the influenza hemagglutinin. In a mouse model, vaccination with GT-inactivated influenza virus (GTi virus) elicited higher levels of viral neutralizing antibodies than FA-inactivated virus (FAi virus). The vaccination completely protected the mice from a lethal challenge and restricted the challenge viral replication in the lungs. Of note, the quality of antibody responses of GTi virus was superior to that with FAi virus, in terms of the magnitude of antibody titer, cross-reactivity to hetero-subtypes of influenza viruses, and the avidity to viral antigens. As the first report of using non-toxic natural compounds for the preparation of inactivated viral vaccines, the present results could be translated into a clinically relevant vaccine platform with improved efficacy, safety, productivity, and public acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun H Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yo H Jang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young H Byun
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yucheol Cheong
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Paul Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young J Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoon J Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Je M Sung
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ahyun Son
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye M Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jinhee Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung W Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Min Song
- Department of Global Medical Science, Health and Wellness College, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Baik L Seong
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.,Vaccine Translational Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
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172
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Hegde NR, Gauthami S, Sampath Kumar HM, Bayry J. The use of databases, data mining and immunoinformatics in vaccinology: where are we? Expert Opin Drug Discov 2017; 13:117-130. [PMID: 29226722 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2018.1413088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vaccinology has evolved from a sub-discipline focussed on simplistic vaccine development based on antibody-mediated protection to a separate discipline involving epidemiology, host and pathogen biology, immunology, genomics, proteomics, structure biology, protein engineering, chemical biology, and delivery systems. Data mining in combination with bioinformatics has provided a scaffold linking all these disciplines to the design of vaccines and vaccine adjuvants. Areas covered: This review provides background knowledge on immunological aspects which have been exploited with informatics for the in silico analysis of immune responses and the design of vaccine antigens. Furthermore, the article presents various databases and bioinformatics tools, and discusses B and T cell epitope predictions, antigen design, adjuvant research and systems immunology, highlighting some important examples, and challenges for the future. Expert opinion: Informatics and data mining have not only reduced the time required for experimental immunology, but also contributed to the identification and design of novel vaccine candidates and the determination of biomarkers and pathways of vaccine response. However, more experimental data is required for benchmarking immunoinformatic tools. Nevertheless, developments in immunoinformatics and reverse vaccinology, which are nascent fields, are likely to hasten vaccine discovery, although the path to regulatory approval is likely to remain a necessary impediment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S Gauthami
- b Ella Foundation, Turkapally , Hyderabad , India
| | - H M Sampath Kumar
- c Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Hyderabad , India
| | - Jagadeesh Bayry
- d Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité 1138 , Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris , France
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Antenucci F, Fougeroux C, Bossé JT, Magnowska Z, Roesch C, Langford P, Holst PJ, Bojesen AM. Identification and characterization of serovar-independent immunogens in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Vet Res 2017; 48:74. [PMID: 29122004 PMCID: PMC5679336 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-017-0479-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite numerous actions to prevent disease, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (A. pleuropneumoniae) remains a major cause of porcine pleuropneumonia, resulting in economic losses to the swine industry worldwide. In this paper, we describe the utilization of a reverse vaccinology approach for the selection and in vitro testing of serovar-independent A. pleuropneumoniae immunogens. Potential immunogens were identified in the complete genomes of three A. pleuropneumoniae strains belonging to different serovars using the following parameters: predicted outer-membrane subcellular localization; ≤ 1 trans-membrane helices; presence of a signal peptide in the protein sequence; presence in all known A. pleuropneumoniae genomes; homology with other well characterized factors with relevant data regarding immunogenicity/protective potential. Using this approach, we selected the proteins ApfA and VacJ to be expressed and further characterized, both in silico and in vitro. Additionally, we analysed outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) of A. pleuropneumoniae MIDG2331 as potential immunogens, and compared deletions in degS and nlpI for increasing yields of OMVs compared to the parental strain. Our results indicated that ApfA and VacJ are highly conserved proteins, naturally expressed during infection by all A. pleuropneumoniae serovars tested. Furthermore, OMVs, ApfA and VacJ were shown to possess a high immunogenic potential in vitro. These findings favour the immunogen selection protocol used, and suggest that OMVs, along with ApfA and VacJ, could represent effective immunogens for the prevention of A. pleuropneumoniae infections in a serovar-independent manner. This hypothesis is nonetheless predictive in nature, and in vivo testing in a relevant animal model will be necessary to verify its validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Antenucci
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Stigbøjlen 4, 1870 Frb. C., 1-20, Building: 301, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cyrielle Fougeroux
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology ISIM, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farigmagsgade 5, Bldg 22/23, København K, 1014, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Janine T Bossé
- Department of Medicine, St Mary's Campus, Imperial College London, 236 Wright Fleming Wing, London, UK
| | - Zofia Magnowska
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Stigbøjlen 4, 1870 Frb. C., 1-20, Building: 301, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camille Roesch
- Izon Science Ltd, Bâtiment Laennec, 60 Avenue Rockefeller, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Paul Langford
- Department of Medicine, St Mary's Campus, Imperial College London, 236 Wright Fleming Wing, London, UK
| | - Peter Johannes Holst
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology ISIM, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farigmagsgade 5, Bldg 22/23, København K, 1014, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Miki Bojesen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Stigbøjlen 4, 1870 Frb. C., 1-20, Building: 301, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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174
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Habib Z, Xu W, Jamal M, Rehman K, Dai J, Fu ZF, Chen X, Cao G. Adaptive gene profiling of Mycobacterium tuberculosis during sub-lethal kanamycin exposure. Microb Pathog 2017; 112:243-253. [PMID: 28966063 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to anti-tuberculosis drugs is a formidable obstacle to effective tuberculosis (TB) treatment and prevention globally. New forms of multidrug, extensive drug and total drug resistance Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) causing a serious threat to human as well as animal's population. Mtb shows diverse adaptability under stress conditions especially antibiotic treatment, however underlying physiological mechanism remained elusive. In present study, we investigated Mtb's response and adaptation with reference to gene expression during sub-lethal kanamycin exposure. Mtb were cultured under sub-lethal drug and control conditions, where half were sub-cultured every 3-days to observe serial adaptation under same conditions and the remaining were subjected to RNA-seq. We identified 98 up-regulated and 198 down-regulated responsive genes compared to control through differential analysis, of which Ra1750 and Ra3160 were the most responsive genes. In adaptive analysis, we found Ra1750, Ra3160, Ra3161, Ra3893 and Ra2492 up-regulation at early stage and gradually showed low expression levels at the later stages of drug exposure. The adaptive expression of Ra1750, Ra3160 and Ra3161 were further confirmed by real time qPCR. These results suggested that these genes contributed in Mtb's physiological adaptation during sub-lethal kanamycin exposure. Our findings may aid to edify these potential targets for drug development against drug resistance tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeshan Habib
- State Key Laboratory of Agriculture Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China.
| | - Weize Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China.
| | - Muhammad Jamal
- State Key Laboratory of Agriculture Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China.
| | - Khaista Rehman
- State Key Laboratory of Agriculture Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China.
| | - Jinxia Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Agriculture Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China.
| | - Zhen Fang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Agriculture Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China; Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
| | - Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agriculture Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China; College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China.
| | - Gang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Agriculture Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China; Bio-Medcial Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China.
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175
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Singh SP, Srivastava D, Mishra BN. Genome-wide identification of novel vaccine candidates for Plasmodium falciparum malaria using integrative bioinformatics approaches. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:318. [PMID: 28955615 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0947-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In spite of decades of malaria research and clinical trials, a fully effective and long-lasting preventive vaccine remains elusive. In the present study, 5370 proteins of Plasmodium falciparum genome were screened for the presence of signal peptide/anchor and GPI anchor motifs. Out of 45 screened surface-associated proteins, 22 were consensually predicted as antigens and had no orthologs in human and mouse except circumsporozoite protein (PF3D7_0304600). Among 22 proteins, 19 were identified as new antigens. In the next step, a total of 4944 peptides were predicted as CD8+ T cell epitopes from 22 probable antigens. Of these, the highest scoring 262 epitopes from each antigen were taken for optimization study in the malaria-endemic regions which covered a broad human population (~93.95%). The predicted epitope 13ILFYFFLWV21 of antigen 6-cysteine (PF3D7_1346800) was binding to the HLA-A*0201 allele with the highest fraction (26%) of immunogenicity in the target populations of North-East Asia, South-East Asia, and sub-Saharan Africa. Therefore, these epitopes are proposed to be favored in vaccine designs against malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satarudra Prakash Singh
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh (Lucknow Campus), Lucknow, 226028 India
| | - Deeksha Srivastava
- Institute of Engineering and Technology, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University (Formerly Known as U.P. Technical University), Lucknow, 226021 India
| | - Bhartendu Nath Mishra
- Institute of Engineering and Technology, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University (Formerly Known as U.P. Technical University), Lucknow, 226021 India
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176
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Vishnu US, Sankarasubramanian J, Gunasekaran P, Rajendhran J. Identification of potential antigens from non-classically secreted proteins and designing novel multitope peptide vaccine candidate against Brucella melitensis through reverse vaccinology and immunoinformatics approach. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2017; 55:151-158. [PMID: 28919551 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Brucella melitensis is an intracellular pathogen resides in the professional and non-professional phagocytes of the host, causing zoonotic disease brucellosis. The stealthy nature of the Brucella makes it's highly pathogenic, and it is hard to eliminate the bacteria completely from the infected host. Hitherto, no licensed vaccines are available for human brucellosis. In this study, we identified potential antigens for vaccine development from non-classically secreted proteins through reverse vaccinology approach. Based on the systemic screening of non-classically secreted proteins of B. melitensis 16M, we identified nine proteins as potential vaccine candidates. Among these, Omp31 and Omp22 are known immunogens, and its role in the virulence of Brucella is known. Roles of other proteins in the pathogenesis are yet to be studied. From the nine proteins, we identified six novel antigenic epitopes that can elicit both B-cell and T-cell immune responses. Among the nine proteins, the epitopes were predicted from Omp31 immunogenic protein precursor, Omp22 protein precursor, extracellular serine protease, hypothetical membrane-associated protein, iron-regulated outer membrane protein FrpB. Further, we designed a multitope vaccine using Omp31 immunogenic protein precursor, Omp22 protein precursor, extra cellular serine protease, iron-regulated outer membrane protein FrpB, hypothetical membrane-associated protein, and LPS-assembly protein LptD and polysaccharide export protein identified in the previous study. Epitopes were joined using amino acid linkers such as EAAAK and GPGPG. Cholera toxin subunit B, the nontoxic part of cholera toxin, was used as an adjuvant and it was linked to the N-terminal of the multitope vaccine candidate. The designed vaccine candidate was modeled, validated and the physicochemical properties were analyzed. Results revealed that the vaccine candidate is soluble, stable, non-allergenic, antigenic and 87% of residues of the designed vaccine candidate is located in the favored region. In conclusion, the computational analysis showed that the newly designed multitope protein could be used to develop a promising vaccine for human brucellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udayakumar S Vishnu
- Department of Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jagadesan Sankarasubramanian
- Department of Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Jeyaprakash Rajendhran
- Department of Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625021, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Schutte K, Szczepanska A, Halder M, Cussler K, Sauer UG, Stirling C, Uhlrich S, Wilk-Zasadna I, John D, Bopst M, Garbe J, Glansbeek HL, Levis R, Serreyn PJ, Smith D, Stickings P. Modern science for better quality control of medicinal products “Towards global harmonization of 3Rs in biologicals”: The report of an EPAA workshop. Biologicals 2017; 48:55-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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180
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Yap KP, Thong KL. Salmonella Typhi genomics: envisaging the future of typhoid eradication. Trop Med Int Health 2017; 22:918-925. [PMID: 28544285 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.12899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Next-generation whole-genome sequencing has revolutionised the study of infectious diseases in recent years. The availability of genome sequences and its understanding have transformed the field of molecular microbiology, epidemiology, infection treatments and vaccine developments. We review the key findings of the publicly accessible genomes of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi since the first complete genome to the most recent release of thousands of Salmonella Typhi genomes, which remarkably shape the genomic research of S. Typhi and other pathogens. Important new insights acquired from the genome sequencing of S. Typhi, pertaining to genomic variations, evolution, population structure, antibiotic resistance, virulence, pathogenesis, disease surveillance/investigation and disease control are discussed. As the numbers of sequenced genomes are increasing at an unprecedented rate, fine variations in the gene pool of S. Typhi are captured in high resolution, allowing deeper understanding of the pathogen's evolutionary trends and its pathogenesis, paving the way to bringing us closer to eradication of typhoid through effective vaccine/treatment development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kien-Pong Yap
- Institute of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kwai Lin Thong
- Institute of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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181
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Gandhi GD, Krishnamoorthy N, Motal UMA, Yacoub M. Towards developing a vaccine for rheumatic heart disease. Glob Cardiol Sci Pract 2017; 2017:e201704. [PMID: 28971103 PMCID: PMC5621712 DOI: 10.21542/gcsp.2017.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is the most serious manifestations of rheumatic fever, which is caused by group A Streptococcus (GAS or Streptococcus pyogenes) infection. RHD is an auto immune sequelae of GAS pharyngitis, rather than the direct bacterial infection of the heart, which leads to chronic heart valve damage. Although antibiotics like penicillin are effective against GAS infection, improper medical care such as poor patient compliance, overcrowding, poverty, and repeated exposure to GAS, leads to acute rheumatic fever and RHD. Thus, efforts have been put forth towards developing a vaccine. However, a potential global vaccine is yet to be identified due to the widespread diversity of S. pyogenes strains and cross reactivity of streptococcal proteins with host tissues. In this review, we discuss the available vaccine targets of S. pyogenes and the significance of in silico approaches in designing a vaccine for RHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geethanjali Devadoss Gandhi
- Division of Cardiovascular Research, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.,Division of Experimental Genetics, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar
| | - Navaneethakrishnan Krishnamoorthy
- Division of Cardiovascular Research, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.,Division of Experimental Genetics, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar.,Heart Science Centre, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ussama M Abdel Motal
- Division of Cardiovascular Research, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Magdi Yacoub
- Division of Cardiovascular Research, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.,Heart Science Centre, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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182
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In-silico screening, identification and validation of a novel vaccine candidate in the fight against Plasmodium falciparum. Parasitol Res 2017; 116:1293-1305. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-017-5408-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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183
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New Scenarios for Brucella suis and Brucella melitensis. CURRENT CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40588-017-0053-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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184
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Adjuvant and carrier protein-dependent T-cell priming promotes a robust antibody response against the Plasmodium falciparum Pfs25 vaccine candidate. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40312. [PMID: 28091576 PMCID: PMC5238395 DOI: 10.1038/srep40312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Humoral immune responses have the potential to maintain protective antibody levels for years due to the immunoglobulin-secreting activity of long-lived plasma cells (LLPCs). However, many subunit vaccines under development fail to generate robust LLPC responses, and therefore a variety of strategies are being employed to overcome this limitation, including conjugation to carrier proteins and/or formulation with potent adjuvants. Pfs25, an antigen expressed on malaria zygotes and ookinetes, is a leading transmission blocking vaccine (TBV) candidate for Plasmodium falciparum. Currently, the conjugate vaccine Pfs25-EPA/Alhydrogel is in Phase 1 clinical trials in the USA and Africa. Thus far, it has proven to be safe and immunogenic, but it is expected that a more potent formulation will be required to establish antibody titers that persist for several malaria transmission seasons. We sought to determine the contribution of carrier determinants and adjuvants in promoting high-titer, long-lived antibody responses against Pfs25. We found that both adjuvants and carrier proteins influence the magnitude and capacity of Pfs25-specific humoral responses to remain above a protective level. Furthermore, a liposomal adjuvant with QS21 and a TLR4 agonist (GLA-LSQ) was especially effective at inducing T follicular helper (Tfh) and LLPC responses to Pfs25 when coupled to immunogenic carrier proteins.
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185
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Chaudhuri R, Ramachandran S. Immunoinformatics as a Tool for New Antifungal Vaccines. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1625:31-43. [PMID: 28584981 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7104-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Immunoinformatics aids in screening for vaccine candidates, which can be experimentally tested for their efficacy. This chapter describes methods to use immunoinformatics to screen fungal vaccines candidates. Surface-localized molecules called adhesins could elicit immune response and serve as efficient vaccine candidates. The screening process is patterned on two steps, namely, a First Layer screen mostly used for value addition and prioritization based on characteristics of known antigens and a Second Layer highly focussed on core immunoinformatics analysis involving the binding and interactions of the molecules of the immune system. Together they offer a comprehensive objective evaluation of vaccine candidates selection in silico for fungal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Srinivasan Ramachandran
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Room 130, Mathura Road, Near Sukhdev Vihar DTC Bus Depot, New Delhi, 110 025, India.
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186
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187
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Kremer FS, Eslabão MR, Dellagostin OA, Pinto LDS. Genix: a new online automated pipeline for bacterial genome annotation. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2016; 363:fnw263. [DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnw263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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188
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Mazor R, Addissie S, Jang Y, Tai CH, Rose J, Hakim F, Pastan I. Role of HLA-DP in the Presentation of Epitopes from the Truncated Bacterial PE38 Immunotoxin. AAPS JOURNAL 2016; 19:117-129. [PMID: 27796910 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-016-9986-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Identification of helper T-cell epitopes is important in many fields of medicine. We previously used an experimental approach to identify T-cell epitopes in PE38, a truncated bacterial toxin used in immunotoxins. Here, we evaluated the ability of antibodies to DR, DP, or DQ to block T-cell responses to PE38 epitopes in 36 PBMC samples. We predicted the binding affinities of peptides to DR, DP, and DQ alleles using computational tools and analyzed their ability to predict the T-cell epitopes. We found that HLA-DR is responsible for 65% of the responses, DP 24%, and DQ 4%. One epitope that is presented in 20% of the samples (10/50) is entirely DP restricted and was not predicted to bind to DR or DP reference alleles using binding algorithms. We conclude that DP has an important role in helper T-cell response to PE38.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronit Mazor
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 37 Convent Drive, Room 5106, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892-4264, USA
| | - Selamawit Addissie
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 37 Convent Drive, Room 5106, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892-4264, USA
| | - Youjin Jang
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 37 Convent Drive, Room 5106, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892-4264, USA
| | - Chin-Hsien Tai
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 37 Convent Drive, Room 5106, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892-4264, USA
| | - Jeremy Rose
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Fran Hakim
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ira Pastan
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 37 Convent Drive, Room 5106, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892-4264, USA.
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189
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Abstract
The recent Ebola epidemic provides a dramatic example of the devastation and fear generated by epidemics, particularly those caused by new emerging or reemerging diseases. A focus on the control and prevention of diseases in living populations dominates most epidemic disease research. However, research on epidemics in the past provides a temporal depth to our understanding of the context and consequences of diseases and is crucial for predicting how diseases might shape human biology and demography in the future. This article reviews recent research on historic epidemics of plague and tuberculosis, both of which have affected human populations for millennia. Research on these diseases demonstrates the range (and differential availability) of various lines of evidence (e.g., burial context, diagnostic skeletal lesions, molecular data) that inform about past disease in general. I highlight how research on past epidemics may be informative in ways that benefit living populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon N. DeWitte
- Department of Anthropology and Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208
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190
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Ifeonu OO, Simon R, Tennant SM, Sheoran AS, Daly MC, Felix V, Kissinger JC, Widmer G, Levine MM, Tzipori S, Silva JC. Cryptosporidium hominis gene catalog: a resource for the selection of novel Cryptosporidium vaccine candidates. DATABASE-THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL DATABASES AND CURATION 2016; 2016:baw137. [PMID: 28095366 PMCID: PMC5070614 DOI: 10.1093/database/baw137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Human cryptosporidiosis, caused primarily by Cryptosporidium hominis and a subset of Cryptosporidium parvum, is a major cause of moderate-to-severe diarrhea in children under 5 years of age in developing countries and can lead to nutritional stunting and death. Cryptosporidiosis is particularly severe and potentially lethal in immunocompromised hosts. Biological and technical challenges have impeded traditional vaccinology approaches to identify novel targets for the development of vaccines against C. hominis, the predominant species associated with human disease. We deemed that the existence of genomic resources for multiple species in the genus, including a much-improved genome assembly and annotation for C. hominis, makes a reverse vaccinology approach feasible. To this end, we sought to generate a searchable online resource, termed C. hominis gene catalog, which registers all C. hominis genes and their properties relevant for the identification and prioritization of candidate vaccine antigens, including physical attributes, properties related to antigenic potential and expression data. Using bioinformatic approaches, we identified ∼400 C. hominis genes containing properties typical of surface-exposed antigens, such as predicted glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor motifs, multiple transmembrane motifs and/or signal peptides targeting the encoded protein to the secretory pathway. This set can be narrowed further, e.g. by focusing on potential GPI-anchored proteins lacking homologs in the human genome, but with homologs in the other Cryptosporidium species for which genomic data are available, and with low amino acid polymorphism. Additional selection criteria related to recombinant expression and purification include minimizing predicted post-translation modifications and potential disulfide bonds. Forty proteins satisfying these criteria were selected from 3745 proteins in the updated C. hominis annotation. The immunogenic potential of a few of these is currently being tested. Database URL:http://cryptogc.igs.umaryland.edu
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Affiliation(s)
- Olukemi O Ifeonu
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 801 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.,School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, 10900 University Boulevard, Manassas, VA 20110, USA
| | - Raphael Simon
- Center for Vaccine Development, Institute for Global Health, and Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Sharon M Tennant
- Center for Vaccine Development, Institute for Global Health, and Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Abhineet S Sheoran
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, 200 Westboro Road, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA
| | - Maria C Daly
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 801 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Victor Felix
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 801 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Jessica C Kissinger
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Bioinformatics and Center for Topical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, 500 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA 30602, USA and
| | - Giovanni Widmer
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, 200 Westboro Road, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA
| | - Myron M Levine
- Center for Vaccine Development, Institute for Global Health, and Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Saul Tzipori
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, 200 Westboro Road, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA
| | - Joana C Silva
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 801 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA .,School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, 10900 University Boulevard, Manassas, VA 20110, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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191
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Coscolla M, Copin R, Sutherland J, Gehre F, de Jong B, Owolabi O, Mbayo G, Giardina F, Ernst JD, Gagneux S. M. tuberculosis T Cell Epitope Analysis Reveals Paucity of Antigenic Variation and Identifies Rare Variable TB Antigens. Cell Host Microbe 2016; 18:538-48. [PMID: 26607161 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Pathogens that evade adaptive immunity typically exhibit antigenic variation. By contrast, it appears that although the chronic human tuberculosis (TB)-causing pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis needs to counter host T cell responses, its T cell epitopes are hyperconserved. Here we present an extensive analysis of the T cell epitopes of M. tuberculosis. We combined population genomics with experimental immunology to determine the number and identity of T cell epitope sequence variants in 216 phylogenetically diverse strains of M. tuberculosis. Antigen conservation is indeed a hallmark of M. tuberculosis. However, our analysis revealed a set of seven variable antigens that were immunogenic in subjects with active TB. These findings suggest that M. tuberculosis uses mechanisms other than antigenic variation to evade T cells. T cell epitopes that exhibit sequence variation may not be subject to the same evasion mechanisms, and hence vaccines that include such variable epitopes may be more efficacious.
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192
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Abstract
The incidence of meningococcal disease is at an historic low in the United States, but prevention remains a priority because of the devastating outcomes and risk for outbreaks. Available vaccines are recommended routinely for persons at increased risk for disease to protect against all major serogroups of Neisseria meningitidis circulating in the United States. Although vaccination has virtually eliminated serogroup A meningococcal outbreaks from the Meningitis Belt of Africa and reduced the incidence of serogroup C disease worldwide, eradication of N meningitidis will unlikely be achieved by currently available vaccines because of the continued carriage and transmission of nonencapsulated organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Cohn
- Immunization Services Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Jessica MacNeil
- Bacterial Diseases Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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193
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Hassan A, Naz A, Obaid A, Paracha RZ, Naz K, Awan FM, Muhmmad SA, Janjua HA, Ahmad J, Ali A. Pangenome and immuno-proteomics analysis of Acinetobacter baumannii strains revealed the core peptide vaccine targets. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:732. [PMID: 27634541 PMCID: PMC5025611 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2951-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged as a significant nosocomial pathogen during the last few years, exhibiting resistance to almost all major classes of antibiotics. Alternative treatment options such as vaccines tend to be most promising and cost effective approaches against this resistant pathogen. In the current study, we have explored the pan-genome of A. baumannii followed by immune-proteomics and reverse vaccinology approaches to identify potential core vaccine targets. RESULTS The pan-genome of all available A. baumannii strains (30 complete genomes) is estimated to contain 7,606 gene families and the core genome consists of 2,445 gene families (~32 % of the pan-genome). Phylogenetic tree, comparative genomic and proteomic analysis revealed both intra- and inter genomic similarities and evolutionary relationships. Among the conserved core genome, thirteen proteins, including P pilus assembly protein, pili assembly chaperone, AdeK, PonA, OmpA, general secretion pathway protein D, FhuE receptor, Type VI secretion system OmpA/MotB, TonB dependent siderophore receptor, general secretion pathway protein D, outer membrane protein, peptidoglycan associated lipoprotein and peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase are identified as highly antigenic. Epitope mapping of the target proteins revealed the presence of antigenic surface exposed 9-mer T-cell epitopes. Protein-protein interaction and functional annotation have shown their involvement in significant biological and molecular processes. The pipeline is validated by predicting already known immunogenic targets against Gram negative pathogen Helicobacter pylori as a positive control. CONCLUSION The study, based upon combinatorial approach of pan-genomics, core genomics, proteomics and reverse vaccinology led us to find out potential vaccine candidates against A. baumannii. The comprehensive analysis of all the completely sequenced genomes revealed thirteen putative antigens which could elicit substantial immune response. The integration of computational vaccinology strategies would facilitate in tackling the rapid dissemination of resistant A.baumannii strains. The scarcity of effective antibiotics and the global expansion of sequencing data making this approach desirable in the development of effective vaccines against A. baumannii and other bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afreenish Hassan
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Anam Naz
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Obaid
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rehan Zafar Paracha
- Research Center for Modeling and Simulation (RCMS), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Kanwal Naz
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Faryal Mehwish Awan
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Syed Aun Muhmmad
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Hussnain Ahmed Janjua
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Jamil Ahmad
- Research Center for Modeling and Simulation (RCMS), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, Stratford University, Falls Church, VA 22043 USA
| | - Amjad Ali
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan
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194
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Madampage CA, Wilson D, Townsend H, Crockford G, Rawlyk N, Dent D, Evans B, Van Donkersgoed J, Dorin C, Potter A. Cattle Immunized with a Recombinant Subunit Vaccine Formulation Exhibits a Trend towards Protection against Histophilus somni Bacterial Challenge. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159070. [PMID: 27501390 PMCID: PMC4976985 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Histophilosis, a mucosal and septicemic infection of cattle is caused by the Gram negative pathogen Histophilus somni (H. somni). As existing vaccines against H. somni infection have shown to be of limited efficacy, we used a reverse vaccinology approach to identify new vaccine candidates. Three groups (B, C, D) of cattle were immunized with subunit vaccines and a control group (group A) was vaccinated with adjuvant alone. All four groups were challenged with H. somni. The results demonstrate that there was no significant difference in clinical signs, joint lesions, weight change or rectal temperature between any of the vaccinated groups (B,C,D) vs the control group A. However, the trend to protection was greatest for group C vaccinates. The group C vaccine was a pool of six recombinant proteins. Serum antibody responses determined using ELISA showed significantly higher titers for group C, with P values ranging from < 0.0148 to < 0.0002, than group A. Even though serum antibody titers in group B (5 out of 6 antigens) and group D were significantly higher compared to group A, they exerted less of a trend towards protection. In conclusion, the vaccine used in group C exhibits a trend towards protective immunity in cattle and would be a good candidate for further analysis to determine which proteins were responsible for the trend towards protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Avis Madampage
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E3, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Don Wilson
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - Hugh Townsend
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - Gordon Crockford
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - Neil Rawlyk
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - Donna Dent
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - Brock Evans
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E3, Canada
| | | | - Craig Dorin
- Veterinary Agri-Health Services, 201–151 East Lake Blvd, Airdrie, Alberta, T4A 2G1, Canada
| | - Andrew Potter
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E3, Canada
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195
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McClean S. Prospects for subunit vaccines: Technology advances resulting in efficacious antigens requires matching advances in early clinical trial investment. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2016; 12:3103-3106. [PMID: 27494532 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2016.1216287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
With the continued march of antimicrobial resistance, a renewed impetus for better vaccines has been heralded. Identification of potent subunit vaccines has been greatly facilitated by recent developments in reverse vaccinology and proteomics strategies. There are a range of antimicrobial resistant bacterial pathogens that could be targeted by potent vaccine antigens identified within the coming years. However, cost is a significant hurdle in progressing lead antigen candidates to clinical trials. In order for novel vaccine technologies to realize their clinical potential, there is a requirement to improve investment and incentives to expedite the development of vaccines that are apparently efficacious in preclinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siobhán McClean
- a Centre of Microbial Host Interactions , Institute of Technology Tallaght , Dublin , Ireland
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196
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Paul S, Sidney J, Sette A, Peters B. TepiTool: A Pipeline for Computational Prediction of T Cell Epitope Candidates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 114:18.19.1-18.19.24. [PMID: 27479659 DOI: 10.1002/cpim.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Computational prediction of T cell epitope candidates is currently being used in several applications including vaccine discovery studies, development of diagnostics, and removal of unwanted immune responses against protein therapeutics. There have been continuous improvements in the performance of MHC binding prediction tools, but their general adoption by immunologists has been slow due to the lack of user-friendly interfaces and guidelines. Current tools only provide minimal advice on what alleles to include, what lengths to consider, how to deal with homologous peptides, and what cutoffs should be considered relevant. This protocol provides step-by-step instructions with necessary recommendations for prediction of the best T cell epitope candidates with the newly developed online tool called TepiTool. TepiTool, which is part of the Immune Epitope Database (IEDB), provides some of the top MHC binding prediction algorithms for number of species including humans, chimpanzees, bovines, gorillas, macaques, mice, and pigs. The TepiTool is freely accessible at http://tools.iedb.org/tepitool/. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinu Paul
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla, California
| | - John Sidney
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla, California
| | - Alessandro Sette
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla, California
| | - Bjoern Peters
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla, California
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197
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Kenchington AL, Lamont RF. Group B streptococcal immunisation of pregnant women for the prevention of early and late onset Group B streptococcal infection of the neonate as well as adult disease. Expert Rev Vaccines 2016; 16:15-25. [PMID: 27385362 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2016.1209113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Early onset neonatal Group B streptococcal disease is preventable. Intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis has resulted in a significant reduction in neonatal mortality and morbidity. National guidelines for the selection of women eligible for intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis, whether screening-based or risk-based, differ according to the local burden of disease. Despite the introduction of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis, there remains a significant burden of disease, which can be resolved by better adherence to guidelines, rapid identification of maternal colonization or in the future, vaccination. Areas covered: The introduction of a vaccine to women in the third trimester is likely to further reduce the burden of disease and provide benefits beyond the prevention of early neonatal disease, including meningitis and disability following late onset disease. Development of specific polyvalent vaccines continues, but testing has challenges and may require surrogate markers or molecular-based techniques to manipulate antigenicity and immunogenicity. Expert commentary: Group B streptococcal vaccination using conjugated polyvalent vaccines against the major disease causing serotypes of Group B streptococcus, either alone, or in combination with a policy of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis, may decrease the burden of Group B streptococcus beyond that achieved by current use of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis alone.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ronald F Lamont
- b Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Clinical Institute , University of Southern Denmark, Odense University Hospital , Odense , Denmark.,c Division of Surgery , University College London, Northwick Park Institute of Medical Research Campus , London , UK
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198
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Meunier M, Guyard-Nicodème M, Hirchaud E, Parra A, Chemaly M, Dory D. Identification of Novel Vaccine Candidates against Campylobacter through Reverse Vaccinology. J Immunol Res 2016; 2016:5715790. [PMID: 27413761 PMCID: PMC4928009 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5715790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacteriosis is the most prevalent bacterial foodborne gastroenteritis affecting humans in the European Union. Human cases are mainly due to Campylobacter jejuni or Campylobacter coli, and contamination is associated with the handling and/or consumption of poultry meat. In fact, poultry constitutes the bacteria's main reservoir. A promising way of decreasing the incidence of campylobacteriosis in humans would be to decrease avian colonization. Poultry vaccination is of potential for this purpose. However, despite many studies, there is currently no vaccine available on the market to reduce the intestinal Campylobacter load in chickens. It is essential to identify and characterize new vaccine antigens. This study applied the reverse vaccinology approach to detect new vaccine candidates. The main criteria used to select immune proteins were localization, antigenicity, and number of B-epitopes. Fourteen proteins were identified as potential vaccine antigens. In vitro and in vivo experiments now need to be performed to validate the immune and protective power of these newly identified antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Meunier
- Unit of Viral Genetics and Biosafety (GVB), French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), 22440 Ploufragan, France; Unit of Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pork Products (HQPAP), French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Muriel Guyard-Nicodème
- Unit of Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pork Products (HQPAP), French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Edouard Hirchaud
- Unit of Viral Genetics and Biosafety (GVB), French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | | | - Marianne Chemaly
- Unit of Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pork Products (HQPAP), French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Daniel Dory
- Unit of Viral Genetics and Biosafety (GVB), French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), 22440 Ploufragan, France
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199
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Servín-Blanco R, Zamora-Alvarado R, Gevorkian G, Manoutcharian K. Antigenic variability: Obstacles on the road to vaccines against traditionally difficult targets. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2016; 12:2640-2648. [PMID: 27295540 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2016.1191718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the impressive impact of vaccines on public health, the success of vaccines targeting many important pathogens and cancers has to date been limited. The burden of infectious diseases today is mainly caused by antigenically variable pathogens (AVPs), which escape immune responses induced by prior infection or vaccination through changes in molecular structures recognized by antibodies or T cells. Extensive genetic and antigenic variability is the major obstacle for the development of new or improved vaccines against "difficult" targets. Alternative, qualitatively new approaches leading to the generation of disease- and patient-specific vaccine immunogens that incorporate complex permanently changing epitope landscapes of intended targets accompanied by appropriate immunomodulators are urgently needed. In this review, we highlight some of the most critical common issues related to the development of vaccines against many pathogens and cancers that escape protective immune responses owing to antigenic variation, and discuss recent efforts to overcome the obstacles by applying alternative approaches for the rational design of new types of immunogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Servín-Blanco
- a Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), AP 70228, Cuidad Universitaria , México DF , México
| | - R Zamora-Alvarado
- a Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), AP 70228, Cuidad Universitaria , México DF , México
| | - G Gevorkian
- a Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), AP 70228, Cuidad Universitaria , México DF , México
| | - K Manoutcharian
- a Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), AP 70228, Cuidad Universitaria , México DF , México
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200
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Abd El Ghany M, Sharaf H, Hill-Cawthorne GA. Hajj vaccinations-facts, challenges, and hope. Int J Infect Dis 2016; 47:29-37. [PMID: 27260241 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2016.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is an effective preventive measure that has been used in the unique Hajj pilgrimage setting to control the transmission of infectious diseases. The current vaccination policy applied during Hajj is reviewed herein, highlighting the effectiveness of the approaches applied and identifying research gaps that need to be filled in order to improve the development and dissemination of Hajj vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moataz Abd El Ghany
- The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; The Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | | | - Grant A Hill-Cawthorne
- The Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Australia.
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