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Repeated remote ischemic conditioning attenuates left ventricular remodeling via exosome-mediated intercellular communication on chronic heart failure after myocardial infarction. Int J Cardiol 2014; 178:239-46. [PMID: 25464262 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.10.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) by repeated treatment of transient limb ischemia is a clinically applicable method for protecting the heart against injury at the time of reperfusion. In this study, we investigated the effects of repeated RIC on cardiac dysfunction after myocardial infarction (MI). METHODS AND RESULTS At 4weeks after MI, rats were separated into the untreated (UT) group or the RIC-treated group. RIC treatment was performed by 5cycles of 5min of bilateral hindlimb ischemia and 5min of reperfusion once a day for 4weeks. Despite comparable MI size, left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (LVEF) was significantly improved in the RIC group compared with the UT group. Furthermore, the LVEF in the RIC group was improved, although not significantly, after treatment. RIC treatment also prevented the deterioration of LV diastolic function. MI-induced LV interstitial fibrosis in the boundary region and oxidant stress were significantly attenuated by RIC treatment. MicroRNA-29a (miR-29a), a key regulator of tissue fibrosis, was highly expressed in the exosomes and the marginal area of the RIC group. Even in the differentiated C2C12-derived exosomes, miR-29a expression was significantly increased under hypoxic condition. As well as miR-29a, insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) was highly expressed both in the exosomes and remote non-infarcted myocardium of the RIC group. IGF-1R expression was also increased in the C2C12-derived exosomes under hypoxic conditions. CONCLUSIONS Repeated RIC reduces adverse LV remodeling and oxidative stress by MI. Exosome-mediated intercellular communication may contribute to the beneficial effect of RIC treatment.
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152
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Starlinger P, Gruenberger T. Role of platelets in systemic tissue protection after remote ischemic preconditioning. Hepatology 2014; 60:1136-8. [PMID: 24668800 DOI: 10.1002/hep.27146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Starlinger
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, General Hospital, Vienna, Austria
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Silachev DN, Plotnikov EY, Pevzner IB, Zorova LD, Babenko VA, Zorov SD, Popkov VA, Jankauskas SS, Zinchenko VP, Sukhikh GT, Zorov DB. The Mitochondrion as a Key Regulator of Ischaemic Tolerance and Injury. Heart Lung Circ 2014; 23:897-904. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2014.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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154
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Chai Q, Liu J, Hu Y. Comparison of femoral and aortic remote ischaemia preconditioning for cardioprotection against myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury in a rat model. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2014; 19:1013-8. [PMID: 25205781 DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivu303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Remote ischaemia preconditioning (RIPC) induces some protection against heart ischaemia/reperfusion (IR) injury. However, many different methods were tried in the past, and no consensus exists. The aim of this study was to compare femoral and aortic ischaemia preconditioning on cardiac markers and on heart injury after IR. METHODS Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated into four groups: the sham group, control group, femoral group (F, bilateral femoral artery ischaemia) and aorta group (A, abdominal aorta ischaemia). They were submitted to 30 min occlusion of the left coronary artery and to 180 min reperfusion (except the sham group) after different preconditioning protocols (femoral versus aortic). Cardiac markers, infarct area and cardiomyocyte apoptosis index were compared between groups using analysis of variance. RESULTS Creatine kinase-MB, lactate dehydrogenase and cardiac troponin I levels were lower in Group F compared with the control group, while there was no difference between Group A and the control group for these three parameters. There were significant differences between the control and experimental groups in myocardial infarct size (control: 48.34 ± 6.79% vs F: 29.64 ± 4.51% and A: 31.81 ± 9.62%, P <0.001). Group F had a lower cardiomyocyte apoptosis index than controls (18.32 ± 9.30 vs 31.75 ± 10.65%, P = 0.016), but there was no difference between Group A and controls (23.25 ± 4.77%, P = 0.107). CONCLUSIONS These results confirmed the cardioprotection of RIPC against myocardial IR injury. However, they did not provide sufficient supporting evidence for the enhancement of cardioprotection with an increased area of remote ischaemia preconditioning in rat, or with different ischaemia sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Chai
- Department of Critical Medicine and Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Critical Medicine and Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Pathophysiology of circulating xanthine oxidoreductase: New emerging roles for a multi-tasking enzyme. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1842:1502-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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156
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Björnsson B, Winbladh A, Bojmar L, Sundqvist T, Gullstrand P, Sandström P. Conventional, but not remote ischemic preconditioning, reduces iNOS transcription in liver ischemia/reperfusion. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:9506-9512. [PMID: 25071345 PMCID: PMC4110582 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i28.9506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 04/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To study the effects of preconditioning on inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and interleukin 1 (IL-1) receptor transcription in rat liver ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI).
METHODS: Seventy-two male rats were randomized into 3 groups: the one-hour segmental ischemia (IRI, n = 24) group, the ischemic preconditioning (IPC, n = 24) group or the remote ischemic preconditioning (R-IPC, n = 24) group. The IPC and R-IPC were performed as 10 min of ischemia and 10 min of reperfusion. The iNOS and the IL-1 receptor mRNA in the liver tissue was analyzed with real time PCR. The total Nitrite and Nitrate (NOx) in continuously sampled microdialysate (MD) from the liver was analyzed. In addition, the NOx levels in the serum were analyzed.
RESULTS: After 4 h of reperfusion, the iNOS mRNA was significantly higher in the R-IPC (ΔCt: 3.44 ± 0.57) group than in the IPC (ΔCt: 5.86 ± 0.82) group (P = 0.025). The IL-1 receptor transcription activity was reduced in the IPC group (ΔCt: 1.88 ± 0.53 to 4.81 ± 0.21), but not in the R-IPC group, during reperfusion (P = 0.027). In the MD, a significant drop in the NOx levels was noted in the R-IPC group (12.3 ± 2.2 to 4.7 ± 1.2 μmol/L) at the end of ischemia compared with the levels in early ischemia (P = 0.008). A similar trend was observed in the IPC group (11.8 ± 2.1 to 6.4 ± 1.5 μmol/L), although this difference was not statistically significant. The levels of NOx rose quickly during reperfusion in both groups.
CONCLUSION: IPC, but not R-IPC, reduces iNOS and IL-1 receptor transcription during early reperfusion, indicating a lower inflammatory reaction. NOx is consumed in the ischemic liver lobe.
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Hale A, Lee C, Annis S, Min PK, Pande R, Creager MA, Julian CG, Moore LG, Mitsialis SA, Hwang SJ, Kourembanas S, Chan SY. An Argonaute 2 switch regulates circulating miR-210 to coordinate hypoxic adaptation across cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1843:2528-42. [PMID: 24983771 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Complex organisms may coordinate molecular responses to hypoxia by specialized avenues of communication across multiple tissues, but these mechanisms are poorly understood. Plasma-based, extracellular microRNAs have been described, yet their regulation and biological functions in hypoxia remain enigmatic. We found a unique pattern of release of the hypoxia-inducible microRNA-210 (miR-210) from hypoxic and reoxygenated cells. This microRNA is also elevated in human plasma in physiologic and pathologic conditions of altered oxygen demand and delivery. Released miR-210 can be delivered to recipient cells, and the suppression of its direct target ISCU and mitochondrial metabolism is primarily evident in hypoxia. To regulate these hypoxia-specific actions, prolyl-hydroxylation of Argonaute 2 acts as a molecular switch that reciprocally modulates miR-210 release and intracellular activity in source cells as well as regulates intracellular activity in recipient cells after miR-210 delivery. Therefore, Argonaute 2-dependent control of released miR-210 represents a unique communication system that integrates the hypoxic response across anatomically distinct cells, preventing unnecessary activity of delivered miR-210 in normoxia while still preparing recipient tissues for incipient hypoxic stress and accelerating adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Hale
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Changjin Lee
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Sofia Annis
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Pil-Ki Min
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Cardiology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Reena Pande
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mark A Creager
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Colleen G Julian
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Lorna G Moore
- Department of Medicine, and Obstetrics-Gynecology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - S Alex Mitsialis
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Sarah J Hwang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Stella Kourembanas
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Stephen Y Chan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Holmberg FEO, Ottas KA, Andreasen C, Perko MJ, Møller CH, Engstrøm T, Steinbrüchel DA. Conditioning techniques and ischemic reperfusion injury in relation to on-pump cardiac surgery. SCAND CARDIOVASC J 2014; 48:241-8. [PMID: 24852515 DOI: 10.3109/14017431.2014.923930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective was to investigate the potential protective effects of two conditioning methods, on myocardial ischemic and reperfusion injury in relation to cardiac surgery. DESIGN Totally 68 patients were randomly assigned to either a control group (n = 23), a remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) group (n = 23) or a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogue group (n = 22). The RIPC protocol consisted of three cycles of upper limb ischemia. The GLP-1 analogue protocol consisted of intravenous infusion with exenatide. The primary endpoint was postoperative cardiac enzyme release. The other secondary endpoints were metabolic parameters related to myocardial ischemia, measured using microdialysis technique, as well as other operative- and postoperative data. RESULTS Postoperative cardiac enzyme release indicated a possible beneficial effect of the interventions, but the difference did not reach statistical significance. RIPC showed a trend toward lower levels (p = 0.07). We managed to establish a functional myocardial microdialysis model, but we were unable to demonstrate clear protective effects. CONCLUSIONS We were in this prospective randomized proof-of-concept trial, unable to show distinct protective effects of the studied conditioning methods. However, this trial can hopefully contribute to generate a productive discussion concerning limitations and future use of cardiac conditioning as well as microdialysis technique.
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Zorov DB, Isaev NK, Plotnikov EY, Silachev DN, Zorova LD, Pevzner IB, Morosanova MA, Jankauskas SS, Zorov SD, Babenko VA. Perspectives of mitochondrial medicine. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2014; 78:979-90. [PMID: 24228919 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297913090034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial medicine was established more than 50 years ago after discovery of the very first pathology caused by impaired mitochondria. Since then, more than 100 mitochondrial pathologies have been discovered. However, the number may be significantly higher if we interpret the term "mitochondrial medicine" more widely and include in these pathologies not only those determined by the genetic apparatus of the nucleus and mitochondria, but also acquired mitochondrial defects of non-genetic nature. Now the main problems of mitochondriology arise from methodology, this being due to studies of mitochondrial activities under different models and conditions that are far from the functioning of mitochondria in a cell, organ, or organism. Controversial behavior of mitochondria ("friends and foes") to some extent might be explained by their bacterial origin with possible preservation of "egoistic" features peculiar to bacteria. Apparently, for normal mitochondrial functioning it is essential to maintain homeostasis of a number of mitochondrial elements such as mitochondrial DNA structure, membrane potential, and the system of mitochondrial quality control. Abrogation of these elements can cause a number of pathologies that have become subjects of mitochondrial medicine. Some approaches to therapy of mitochondrial pathologies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Zorov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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Camara-Lemarroy CR. Remote ischemic preconditioning as prevention of transfusion-related acute lung injury. Med Hypotheses 2014; 83:273-5. [PMID: 24947191 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2014.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is a serious complication of transfusion medicine, considered now as the leading cause of transfusion-related mortality. It may occur in up to 1 in 5000 transfusions and carries an elevated morbidity and mortality. Clinically it presents as hypoxia and non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema, usually within 6h of transfusion. It consists of an immunological phenomenon involving the activation of neutrophils and endothelial injury, leading to capillary leak and pulmonary edema, mechanisms shared with lung ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. Brief and repetitive periods of ischemia in an organ or limb have been shown to protect against subsequent major IR injury in distant organs, a phenomenon called remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC). Limb RIP has been shown to protect the lung against IR injury trough modulation of endothelial function as well as neutrophil activation and infiltration. The protective effects of RIPC on the lung have been confirmed in clinical trials of orthopedic and cardiothoracic surgery. RIPC is a safe, tolerable and cheap procedure. I propose that limb RIPC could be used as a preventive strategy against the development of TRALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos R Camara-Lemarroy
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José E. González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Madero y Gonzalitos S/N, Monterrey, NL 64460, Mexico.
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Thuret R, Saint Yves T, Tillou X, Chatauret N, Thuillier R, Barrou B, Billault C. Ischemic pre- and post-conditioning: current clinical applications. Prog Urol 2014; 24 Suppl 1:S56-61. [DOI: 10.1016/s1166-7087(14)70065-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kim YH, Yoon DW, Kim JH, Lee JH, Lim CH. Effect of remote ischemic post-conditioning on systemic inflammatory response and survival rate in lipopolysaccharide-induced systemic inflammation model. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2014; 11:16. [PMID: 24904237 PMCID: PMC4046032 DOI: 10.1186/1476-9255-11-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) and postconditioning (RpostC) have protective effects on ischemia and reperfusion injury. The effects have been reported to activate heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and attenuate nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and subsequently reduce systemic inflammation. Ischemic preconditioning prevented inflammatory responses by modulating HO-1 expression in endotoxic shock model. Therefore, we investigated whether RpostC could have protective effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced systemic inflammation. METHODS The LPS-induced sepsis mice received LPS (20 mg/kg) intraperitoneally. Remote ischemic conditioning was induced with three 10-min ischemia/10-min reperfusion cycles of the right hind limbs using tourniquet before LPS injection (RIPC) or after LPS injection (RpostC). The effects of RIPC and RpostC were examined for the survival rate, serum cytokines, NF-κB, HO-1 and liver pathology in the LPS injected mice. RESULTS Survival rate within 120 hours significantly increased in the LPS injected and remote ischemic conditioned mice than in LPS only injected mice (60-65% vs 5%, respectively, p < 0.01). Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) increased markedly in the LPS only injected mice, however, remote ischemic conditioning suppressed the changes (p < 0.05). Interleukin-10 (IL-10) level was significantly higher in the LPS injected and RpostC treated mice than in the LPS only injected mice (p = 0.014). NF-κB activation was significantly attenuated (p < 0.05) and HO-1 levels were substantially higher in the LPS injected and remote ischemic conditioned mice than in the LPS only injected mice. Neutrophil infiltration was significantly attenuated in the LPS injected and remote ischemic conditioned mice than in the only LPS injected mice (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS RpostC attenuated inflammatory responses and improved survival outcomes of mice with LPS-induced systemic inflammation. The mechanism may be caused by modifying NF-κB mediated expression of cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Hee Kim
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Wui Yoon
- Division of Pulmonary, Sleep and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Hyeong Kim
- Division of Pulmonary, Sleep and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeoung-Hyuk Lee
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Ilsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Choon-Hak Lim
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Camara-Lemarroy CR. Remote ischemic preconditioning as treatment for non-ischemic gastrointestinal disorders: Beyond ischemia-reperfusion injury. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:3572-3581. [PMID: 24707140 PMCID: PMC3974524 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i13.3572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Common gastrointestinal diseases such as radiation enteritis (RE), acute pancreatitis, inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and drug-induced hepatotoxicity share pathophysiological mechanisms at the molecular level, mostly involving the activation of many pathways of the immune response, ultimately leading to tissue injury. Increased oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokine release, inflammatory cell infiltration and activation and the up-regulation of inflammatory transcription factors participate in the pathophysiology of these complex entities. Treatment varies in each specific disease, but at least in the cases of RE and IBD immunosuppressors are effective. However, full therapeutic responses are not always achieved. The pathophysiology of ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury shares many of these mechanisms. Brief and repetitive periods of ischemia in an organ or limb have been shown to protect against subsequent major IR injury in distant organs, a phenomenon called remote ischemic preconditioning (RIP). This procedure has been shown to protect the gut, pancreas and liver by modulating many of the same inflammatory mechanisms. Since RIP is safe and tolerable, and has shown to be effective in some recent clinical trials, I suggest that RIP could be used as a physiologically relevant adjunct treatment for non-ischemic gastrointestinal inflammatory conditions.
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Garcia-Bonilla L, Benakis C, Moore J, Iadecola C, Anrather J. Immune mechanisms in cerebral ischemic tolerance. Front Neurosci 2014; 8:44. [PMID: 24624056 PMCID: PMC3940969 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2014.00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Stressor-induced tolerance is a central mechanism in the response of bacteria, plants, and animals to potentially harmful environmental challenges. This response is characterized by immediate changes in cellular metabolism and by the delayed transcriptional activation or inhibition of genetic programs that are not generally stressor specific (cross-tolerance). These programs are aimed at countering the deleterious effects of the stressor. While induction of this response (preconditioning) can be established at the cellular level, activation of systemic networks is essential for the protection to occur throughout the organs of the body. This is best signified by the phenomenon of remote ischemic preconditioning, whereby application of ischemic stress to one tissue or organ induces ischemic tolerance (IT) in remote organs through humoral, cellular and neural signaling. The immune system is an essential component in cerebral IT acting simultaneously both as mediator and target. This dichotomy is based on the fact that activation of inflammatory pathways is necessary to establish IT and that IT can be, in part, attributed to a subdued immune activation after index ischemia. Here we describe the components of the immune system required for induction of IT and review the mechanisms by which a reprogrammed immune response contributes to the neuroprotection observed after preconditioning. Learning how local and systemic immune factors participate in endogenous neuroprotection could lead to the development of new stroke therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Garcia-Bonilla
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College New York, NY, USA
| | - Corinne Benakis
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College New York, NY, USA
| | - Jamie Moore
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College New York, NY, USA
| | - Costantino Iadecola
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College New York, NY, USA
| | - Josef Anrather
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College New York, NY, USA
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Su C, Xia T, Ren S, Qing S, Jing D, Lian H, Bin Q, Yuan Z, Xiang Z. Effect of Diazoxide Preconditioning on Cultured Rat Myocardium Microvascular Endothelial Cells against Apoptosis and Relation of PI3K/Akt Pathway. Balkan Med J 2014; 31:83-7. [PMID: 25207174 DOI: 10.5152/balkanmedj.2013.8458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-apoptotic mechanism for cell protection on reperfusion may provide a new method to reduce reperfusion injury. AIMS The aim of the present study is to explore the effect of mitochondrial ATP sensitive potassium channel (Mito-KATP) opener diazoxide (DZ) preconditioning on hypoxia/reoxygen (H/R) injury of rat myocardium microvascular endothelial cells (MMECs) against apoptosis and relation of PI3K/Akt pathway. STUDY DESIGN Animal experimentation. METHODS The rat MMECs were cultivated, and H/R model was made to imitate ischemia-reperfusion injury. The cells were seeds in 96-wellplates (100μL/hole) or in 6cm diameter dishes (2 mL/dish) with the density of 1×106/mL and randomly divided into 4 groups (n=6 each): control group (Group N), hypoxia-regoxygen group (Group H/R), Diazoxide preconditioning+H/R group (Group DZ) and Diazoxide preconditioning +mitochondrial KATP blocker 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD) + H/R group (Group DZ+5-HD). The cells were exposed to 2h hypoxia followed by 2h reoxygenation. Diazoxide 100μmol/L and diazoxide 100μmol/L+ 5-HD100μmol/L were added to the culture medium 2h before hypoxia in DZ and DZ+5-HD groups respectively. Each group was observed the proliferation in MTT, apoptotic rate in Annexin V-FITC/PI double standard, cell structure of Hoechst staining, and the levels of PI3K, Akt and p53 mRNA by RT-qPCR. RESULTS Compared with Group N, apoptotic rate of Group H/R increased (p<0.01) and the vitality decreased significantly (p<0.05), and the expression of PI3K, Akt and p53 mRNA elevated in Group H/R (p<0.05). Compared with Group H/R, apoptotic rate and p53 mRNA level of Group DZ depressed significantly (p<0.01, p<0.05), while the vitality, PI3K and Akt mRNA levels increased (p<0.05). Compared with Group DZ, apoptotic rate and p53 mRNA level of Group DZ+5-HD increased significantly (p<0.01, p<0.05), but the vitality, PI3K and Akt mRNA levels decreased (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Under the condition of H/R, mito-KATP opened by DZ may depend on PI3K/Akt pathway to regulate expression level of the downstream p53 mRNA to inhibit apoptosis and improve viability of MMECs at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cao Su
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Tao Xia
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Shen Ren
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - She Qing
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Ding Jing
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Huang Lian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Qin Bin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Zhou Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Zhu Xiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Ikejiri AT, Somaio Neto F, Chaves JC, Bertoletto PR, Teruya R, Bertoletto ER, Taha MO, Fagundes DJ. Gene expression profile of oxidative stress in the lung of inbred mice after intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury. Acta Cir Bras 2014; 29:186-92. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-86502014000300007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Kim SM, Kim SW, Jung YJ, Min SI, Min SK, Kim SJ, Ha J. Preconditioning with thyroid hormone (3,5,3-triiodothyronine) prevents renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice. Surgery 2014; 155:554-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2013.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Acute respiratory distress syndrome induction by pulmonary ischemia-reperfusion injury in large animal models. J Surg Res 2014; 189:274-84. [PMID: 24768138 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2014.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common critical pulmonary complication after esophagectomy and other thoracic surgeries (e.g., lung transplantation, pulmonary thromboendarterectomy). Direct pulmonary ischemia-reperfusion injury (PIRI) is known to play the main role in induction of ARDS in these cases. Large animal models are an appropriate choice for ARDS as well as PIRI study because of their physiological and anatomic similarities to the human body. With regard to large animal models, we reviewed different methods of inducing in situ direct PIRI and the commonly applied methods for diagnosing and monitoring ARDS or PIRI in an experimental research setting.
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170
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Hamilton K, Wolfswinkel EM, Weathers WM, Xue AS, Hatef DA, Izaddoost S, Hollier LH. The Delay Phenomenon: A Compilation of Knowledge across Specialties. Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr 2014; 7:112-8. [PMID: 25071876 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1371355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this article is to review and integrate the available literature in different fields to gain a better understanding of the basic physiology and optimize vascular delay as a reconstructive surgery technique. Methods A broad search of the literature was performed using the Medline database. Two queries were performed using "vascular delay," a search expected to yield perspectives from the field of plastic and reconstructive surgery, and "ischemic preconditioning," (IPC) which was expected to yield research on the same topic in other fields. Results The combined searches yielded a total of 1824 abstracts. The "vascular delay" query yielded 76 articles from 1984 to 2011. The "ischemic preconditioning" query yielded 6534 articles, ranging from 1980 to 2012. The abstracts were screened for those from other specialties in addition to reconstructive surgery, analyzed potential or current uses of vascular delay in practice, or provided developments in understanding the pathophysiology of vascular delay. 70 articles were identified that met inclusion criteria and were applicable to vascular delay or ischemic preconditioning. Conclusion An understanding of IPC's implementation and mechanisms in other fields has beneficial implications for the field of reconstructive surgery in the context of the delay phenomenon. Despite an incomplete model of IPC's pathways, the anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory benefits of IPC are well recognized. The activation of angiogenic genes through IPC could allow for complex flap design, even in poorly vascularized regions. IPC's promotion of angiogenesis and reduction of endothelial dysfunction remain most applicable to reconstructive surgery in reducing graft-related complications and flap failure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Amy S Xue
- Plastic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Daniel A Hatef
- Plastic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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Desai KK, Mora-Esteves C, Holland BK, Dikdan G, Fisher A, Wilson DJ, Koneru B. Does Liver Ischemic Preconditioning in Brain Death Donors Induce Kidney Preconditioning? A Retrospective Analysis. Transplantation 2014; 97:337-43. [DOI: 10.1097/01.tp.0000436926.30897.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Abstract
Myocardial conditioning is an endogenous cardioprotective phenomenon that profoundly limits infarct size in experimental models. The current challenge is to translate this paradigm from the laboratory to the clinic. Accordingly, our goal in this review is to provide a critical summary of the progress toward, opportunities for, and caveats to, the successful clinical translation of postconditioning and remote conditioning, the 2 conditioning strategies considered to have the broadest applicability for real-world patient care. In the majority of phase II studies published to date, postconditioning evoked a ≈35% reduction of infarct size in ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction patients. Essential criteria for the successful implementation of postconditioning include the appropriate choice of patients (ie, those with large risk regions and negligible collateral flow), timely application of the postconditioning stimulus (immediately on reperfusion), together with proper choice of end points (infarct size, with concomitant assessment of risk region). Remote conditioning has been applied in planned ischemic events (including cardiac surgery and elective percutaneous coronary intervention) and in ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction patients during hospital transport. Controversies with regard to efficacy have emerged, particularly among surgical trials. These disparate outcomes in all likelihood reflect the remarkable heterogeneity within and among studies, together with a deficit in our understanding of the impact of these variations on the infarct-sparing effect of remote conditioning. Ongoing phase III trials will provide critical insight into the future role of postconditioning and remote conditioning as clinically relevant cardioprotective strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Ovize
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique de Lyon, Service d’Explorations Fonctionnelles Cardiovasculaires, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
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Ulus AT, Yavas S, Sapmaz A, Sakaoğullari Z, Simsek E, Ersoz S, Koksoy C. Effect of Conditioning on Visceral Organs during Indirect Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Ann Vasc Surg 2014; 28:437-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2013.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2012] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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174
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Figueira ER, Rocha-Filho JA, Nakatani M, Buto MF, Tatebe ER, Andre VO, Cecconello I, D'Albuquerque LA. Hepatic ischemic preconditioning increases portal vein flow in experimental liver ischemia reperfusion injury. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2014; 13:40-7. [PMID: 24463078 DOI: 10.1016/s1499-3872(14)60005-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) has been shown to decrease liver injury and to increase hepatic microvascular perfusion after liver ischemia reperfusion. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of IPC on hemodynamics of the portal venous system. METHODS Thirty-two rats were randomized into two groups: IPC group and control group. The rats of the IPC group underwent IPC by 10 minutes of liver ischemia followed by 10 minutes of reperfusion before liver ischemia, and the rats of the control group were subjected to 60 minutes of partial liver ischemia. Non-ischemic lobes were resected immediately after reperfusion. The animals were studied at 4 hours and 12 hours after reperfusion. Mean arterial pressure, heart rate, portal vein flow and pressure were analyzed. Blood was collected for the determination of the levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, calcium, lactate, pH, bicarbonate, and base excess. RESULTS IPC increased the mean portal vein flow at 4 hours and 12 hours after reperfusion. IPC recovered 78% of the mean portal vein flow at 12 hours after reperfusion. IPC decreased the levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and lactate, and increased the levels of ionized calcium, bicarbonate and base excess at 12 hours after reperfusion. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that IPC increases portal vein flow and enhances hepatoprotective effects in liver ischemia reperfusion. The better recovery of portal vein flow after IPC may be correlated with the lower levels of transaminases and with the better metabolic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estela Rr Figueira
- Department of Gastroenterology, Laboratory of Medical Investigations LIM37 Discipline of Liver and Gastrointestinal Transplantation, Hospital das Clinicas, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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Karakoyun R, Koksoy C, Yilmaz T, Altun H, Banli O, Albayrak A, Alper M, Şener Z. The Angiogenic Effects of Ischemic Conditioning in Experimental Critical Limb Ischemia. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2014; 47:172-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Neuroprotective Activity of Water Soluble Extract from Chorispora bungeanaagainst Focal Cerebral Ischemic/Reperfusion Injury in Mice. J CHEM-NY 2014. [DOI: 10.1155/2014/373872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to clarify whether the water extract ofChorispora bungeanawas an antioxidant agent against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Our results showed that water extract ofChorispora bungeanatreatment significantly reduced neurological deficit scores, infarct size, MDA and carbonyl contents, and GSH/GSSG ratio compared with the model control group. After being treated byChorispora bungeana, SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px activities remarkably increased.Chorispora bungeanatreatment also improved 8-OHdG expression and cell apoptosis. Our findings indicated that the water extract ofChorispora bungeanapossesses neuroprotective effect which is most likely achieved by antioxidant and antiapoptotic activities.
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Erpicum P, Krzesinski JM, Jouret F. [Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in renal ischemic preconditioning]. Nephrol Ther 2013; 10:17-24. [PMID: 24387947 DOI: 10.1016/j.nephro.2013.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Kidney transplantation represents the best treatment of end-stage renal disease. In addition to the degree of human leukocyte antigen matching, long-term graft survival is influenced by the quality of the graft before its transplantation. Quality criteria include the level of ischemic damage caused by the transplantation per se. Renal ischemic preconditioning (IP) consists of different approaches to prevent ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) damage induced by the interruption and recovery of renal circulation, as observed during transplantation. Distinct animal models show promising results regarding the efficiency of PCI to preserve kidney structure and function in I/R conditions. Characterizing the cellular cascades involved in I/R led to the identification of putative targets of renal IP, including the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). AMPK is a ubiquitous energy sensor, which has been implicated in the maintenance of epithelial cell polarization under energy deprivation. Among others, the anti-diabetic drug, metformin, is a potent activator of AMPK. Here, we summarize the in vitro and in vivo data about the role of AMPK in renal IP. Defining the pharmacological conditions of IP would help to improve the quality of the renal graft before its transplantation, thereby increasing its long-term survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Erpicum
- Service de néphrologie, université de Liège CHU (ULg CHU), CHU de Liège, tour 1, 6(e) étage, avenue de l'Hôpital, 1 B-4000 Liège, Belgique
| | - Jean-Marie Krzesinski
- Service de néphrologie, université de Liège CHU (ULg CHU), CHU de Liège, tour 1, 6(e) étage, avenue de l'Hôpital, 1 B-4000 Liège, Belgique; GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences, université de Liège, tour 3, 5(e) étage, avenue de l'Hôpital, 1 B-4000 Liège, Belgique
| | - François Jouret
- Service de néphrologie, université de Liège CHU (ULg CHU), CHU de Liège, tour 1, 6(e) étage, avenue de l'Hôpital, 1 B-4000 Liège, Belgique; GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences, université de Liège, tour 3, 5(e) étage, avenue de l'Hôpital, 1 B-4000 Liège, Belgique.
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Goetzenich A, Hatam N, Preuss S, Moza A, Bleilevens C, Roehl AB, Autschbach R, Bernhagen J, Stoppe C. The role of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and vascular endothelial growth factor in late-phase preconditioning with xenon, isoflurane and levosimendan in rat cardiomyocytes. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2013; 18:321-8. [PMID: 24351506 DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivt450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The protective effects of late-phase preconditioning can be triggered by several stimuli. Unfortunately, the transfer from bench to bedside still represents a challenge, as concomitant medication or diseases influence the complex signalling pathways involved. In an established model of primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, we analysed the cardioprotective effects of three different stimulating pharmaceuticals of clinical relevance. The effect of additional β-blocker treatment was studied as these were previously shown to negatively influence preconditioning. METHODS Twenty-four hours prior to hypoxia, cells pre-treated with or without metoprolol (0.55 µg/ml) were preconditioned with isoflurane, levosimendan or xenon. The influences of these stimuli on hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) as well as inducible and endothelial nitric synthase (iNOS/eNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were analysed by polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. The preconditioning was proved by trypan blue cell counts following 5 h of hypoxia and confirmed by fluorescence staining. RESULTS Five hours of hypoxia reduced cell survival in unpreconditioned control cells to 44 ± 4%. Surviving cell count was significantly higher in cells preconditioned either by 2 × 15 min isoflurane (70 ± 16%; P = 0.005) or by xenon (59 ± 8%; P = 0.049). Xenon-preconditioned cells showed a significantly elevated content of VEGF (0.025 ± 0.010 IDV [integrated density values when compared with GAPDH] vs 0.003 ± 0.006 IDV in controls; P = 0.0003). The protein expression of HIF-1α was increased both by levosimendan (0.563 ± 0.175 IDV vs 0.142 ± 0.042 IDV in controls; P = 0.0289) and by xenon (0.868 ± 0.222 IDV; P < 0.0001) pretreatment. A significant elevation of mRNA expression of iNOS was measureable following preconditioning by xenon but not by the other chosen stimuli. eNOS mRNA expression was found to be suppressed by β-blocker treatment for all stimuli. In our model, independently of the chosen stimulus, β-blocker treatment had no significant effect on cell survival. CONCLUSIONS We found that the stimulation of late-phase preconditioning involves several distinct pathways that are variably addressed by the different stimuli. In contrast to isoflurane treatment, xenon-induced preconditioning does not lead to an increase in COX-2 gene transcription but to a significant increase in HIF-1α and subsequently VEGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Goetzenich
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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Abstract
Preconditioning (PC) describes a phenomenon whereby a sub-injury inducing stress can protect against a later injurious stress. Great strides have been made in identifying the mechanisms of PC-induced protection in animal models of brain injury. While these may help elucidate potential therapeutic targets, there are questions over the clinical utility of cerebral PC, primarily because of questions over the need to give the PC stimulus prior to the injury, narrow therapeutic windows and safety. The object of this review is to address the question of whether there may indeed be a clinical use for cerebral PC and to discuss the deficiencies in our knowledge of PC that may hamper such clinical translation.
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180
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Gassanov N, Nia AM, Caglayan E, Er F. Remote ischemic preconditioning and renoprotection: from myth to a novel therapeutic option? J Am Soc Nephrol 2013; 25:216-24. [PMID: 24309187 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2013070708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is currently no effective prophylactic regimen available to prevent contrast-induced AKI (CI-AKI), a frequent and life-threatening complication after cardiac catheterization. Therefore, novel treatment strategies are required to decrease CI-AKI incidence and to improve clinical outcomes in these patients. Remote ischemic preconditioning (rIPC), defined as transient brief episodes of ischemia at a remote site before a subsequent prolonged ischemia/reperfusion injury of the target organ, is an adaptational response that protects against ischemic and reperfusion insult. Indeed, several studies demonstrated the tissue-protective effects of rIPC in various target organs, including the kidneys. In this regard, rIPC may offer a novel noninvasive and virtually cost-free treatment strategy for decreasing CI-AKI incidence. This review evaluates the current experimental and clinical evidence for rIPC as a potential renoprotective strategy, and discusses the underlying mechanisms and key areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natig Gassanov
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Erling Junior N, Montero EFDS, Sannomiya P, Poli-de-Figueiredo LF. Local and remote ischemic preconditioning protect against intestinal ischemic/reperfusion injury after supraceliac aortic clamping. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2013; 68:1548-54. [PMID: 24473514 PMCID: PMC3840383 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2013(12)12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study tests the hypothesis that local or remote ischemic preconditioning may protect the intestinal mucosa against ischemia and reperfusion injuries resulting from temporary supraceliac aortic clamping. METHODS Twenty-eight Wistar rats were divided into four groups: the sham surgery group, the supraceliac aortic occlusion group, the local ischemic preconditioning prior to supraceliac aortic occlusion group, and the remote ischemic preconditioning prior to supraceliac aortic occlusion group. Tissue samples from the small bowel were used for quantitative morphometric analysis of mucosal injury, and blood samples were collected for laboratory analyses. RESULTS Supraceliac aortic occlusion decreased intestinal mucosal length by reducing villous height and elevated serum lactic dehydrogenase and lactate levels. Both local and remote ischemic preconditioning mitigated these histopathological and laboratory changes. CONCLUSIONS Both local and remote ischemic preconditioning protect intestinal mucosa against ischemia and reperfusion injury following supraceliac aortic clamping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilon Erling Junior
- Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto AlegreRS, Brazil
| | | | - Paulina Sannomiya
- Institute of Heart, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São PauloSP, Brazil
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Zhang YJ, Zhang AQ, Zhao XX, Tian ZL, Yao L. Nicorandil protects against ischaemia-reperfusion injury in newborn rat kidney. Pharmacology 2013; 92:245-56. [PMID: 24247737 DOI: 10.1159/000355060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is the predominant cause of acute kidney injury. Nevertheless, the underlying molecular mechanisms are still unclear. The current study investigated the effects of nicorandil on ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels and the potential signal transduction pathway(s) in a rat kidney IRI model and in cultured tubular HK-2 cells subjected to oxygen and glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) injury. The standard procedure for IRI was performed in newborn rat kidneys. Pretreatment with nicorandil (10 mg/kg) 2 h prior to induction of IRI improved renal function, attenuated tubule damage, and prevented apoptosis of tubule cells, infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages, and production of inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, IL-17 and tumour necrosis factor-α. Ischaemia-reperfusion-induced reduction of KIR6.2 was restored to normal levels by nicorandil. The activation of the phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt-nuclear factor (NF)-κB axis was detected in this rat kidney IRI model, which was blocked by nicorandil. The renoprotection of nicorandil against IRI was abolished by its inhibitor glibenclamide (1 mg/kg). Similar results were obtained in OGD/R-damaged HK-2 cells. Taken together, our findings demonstrated the specific renoprotective role of nicorandil in the newborn rat IRI kidney by decreasing the production of inflammatory cytokines, and restoring the expression of KIR6.2 potentially through the PI3K-Akt-NF-κB axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jing Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliate Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
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183
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Kang SW, Kim OK, Seo B, Lee SH, Quan FS, Shin JH, Lee GJ, Park HK. Simultaneous, real-time measurement of nitric oxide and oxygen dynamics during cardiac ischemia–reperfusion of the rat utilizing sol–gel-derived electrochemical microsensors. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 802:74-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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184
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Menting TP, Wever KE, Hendriks EJ, Van der Vliet DJA, Rovers MM, Warle MC. Ischaemic preconditioning for the reduction of renal ischaemia reperfusion injury. THE COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd010777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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186
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Hibert P, Prunier-Mirebeau D, Beseme O, Chwastyniak M, Tamareille S, Lamon D, Furber A, Pinet F, Prunier F. Apolipoprotein a-I is a potential mediator of remote ischemic preconditioning. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77211. [PMID: 24155931 PMCID: PMC3796499 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) has emerged as an attractive strategy in clinical settings. Despite convincing evidence of the critical role played by circulating humoral mediators, their actual identities remain unknown. In this study, we aimed to identify RIPC-induced humoral mediators using a proteomic approach. Methods and Results Rats were exposed to 10-min limb ischemia followed by 5- (RIPC 5′) or 10-min (RIPC 10′) reperfusion prior to blood sampling. The control group only underwent blood sampling. Plasma samples were analyzed using surface-enhanced laser desorption and ionization - time of flight - mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS). Three protein peaks were selected for their significant increase in RIPC 10′. They were identified and confirmed as apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I). Additional rats were exposed to myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) and assigned to one of the following groups RIPC+myocardial infarction (MI) (10-min limb ischemia followed by 10-min reperfusion initiated 20 minutes prior to myocardial I/R), ApoA-I+MI (10 mg/kg ApoA-I injection 10 minutes before myocardial I/R), and MI (no further intervention). In comparison with untreated MI rats, RIPC reduced infarct size (52.2±3.7% in RIPC+MI vs. 64.9±2.6% in MI; p<0.05). Similarly, ApoA-I injection decreased infarct size (50.9±3.8%; p<0.05 vs. MI). Conclusions RIPC was associated with a plasmatic increase in ApoA-I. Furthermore, ApoA-I injection before myocardial I/R recapitulated the cardioprotection offered by RIPC in rats. This data suggests that ApoA-I may be a protective blood-borne factor involved in the RIPC mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Hibert
- L’UNAM Université, Angers, France
- Laboratoire Cardioprotection, Remodelage et Thrombose, Université d’Angers, Angers, France
| | - Delphine Prunier-Mirebeau
- L’UNAM Université, Angers, France
- INSERM U771, CNRS UMR 6214, Département de Biochimie et Génétique, Université d’Angers, CHU Angers, Angers, France
| | - Olivia Beseme
- INSERM, U744, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Université Lille Nord de France, IFR142, Lille, France
| | - Maggy Chwastyniak
- INSERM, U744, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Université Lille Nord de France, IFR142, Lille, France
| | - Sophie Tamareille
- L’UNAM Université, Angers, France
- Laboratoire Cardioprotection, Remodelage et Thrombose, Université d’Angers, Angers, France
| | - Delphine Lamon
- Laboratoire Cardioprotection, Remodelage et Thrombose, Université d’Angers, Angers, France
| | - Alain Furber
- L’UNAM Université, Angers, France
- Laboratoire Cardioprotection, Remodelage et Thrombose, Université d’Angers, Angers, France
- Service de Cardiologie, CHU Angers, Angers, France
| | - Florence Pinet
- INSERM, U744, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Université Lille Nord de France, IFR142, Lille, France
- Centre Hospitalier Régional et Universitaire, Lille, France
| | - Fabrice Prunier
- L’UNAM Université, Angers, France
- Laboratoire Cardioprotection, Remodelage et Thrombose, Université d’Angers, Angers, France
- Service de Cardiologie, CHU Angers, Angers, France
- * E-mail:
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Ren Z, Cui G, Lu H, Chen X, Jiang J, Liu H, He Y, Ding S, Hu Z, Wang W, Zheng S. Liver ischemic preconditioning (IPC) improves intestinal microbiota following liver transplantation in rats through 16s rDNA-based analysis of microbial structure shift. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75950. [PMID: 24098410 PMCID: PMC3788797 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is associated with intestinal microbial dysbiosis. The "gut-liver axis" closely links gut function and liver function in health and disease. Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) has been proven to reduce I/R injury in the surgery. This study aims to explore the effect of IPC on intestinal microbiota and to analyze characteristics of microbial structure shift following liver transplantation (LT). METHODS The LT animal models of liver and gut IPC were established. Hepatic graft function was assessed by histology and serum ALT/AST. Intestinal barrier function was evaluated by mucosal ultrastructure, serum endotoxin, bacterial translocation, fecal sIgA content and serum TNF-α. Intestinal bacterial populations were determined by quantitative PCR. Microbial composition was characterized by DGGE and specific bacterial species were determined by sequence analysis. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Liver IPC improved hepatic graft function expressed as ameliorated graft structure and reduced ALT/AST levels. After administration of liver IPC, intestinal mucosal ultrastructure improved, serum endotoxin and bacterial translocation mildly decreased, fecal sIgA content increased, and serum TNF-α decreased. Moreover, liver IPC promoted microbial restorations mainly through restoring Bifidobacterium spp., Clostridium clusters XI and Clostridium cluster XIVab on bacterial genus level. DGGE profiles indicated that liver IPC increased microbial diversity and species richness, and cluster analysis demonstrated that microbial structures were similar and clustered together between the NC group and Liver-IPC group. Furthermore, the phylogenetic tree of band sequences showed key bacteria corresponding to 10 key band classes of microbial structure shift induced by liver IPC, most of which were assigned to Bacteroidetes phylum. CONCLUSION Liver IPC cannot only improve hepatic graft function and intestinal barrier function, but also promote restorations of intestinal microbiota following LT, which may further benefit hepatic graft by positive feedback of the "gut-liver axis".
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Ren
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guangying Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haifeng Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinhua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianwen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong He
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Songming Ding
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenhua Hu
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weilin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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188
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Igarashi G, Iino K, Watanabe H, Ito H. Remote ischemic pre-conditioning alleviates contrast-induced acute kidney injury in patients with moderate chronic kidney disease. Circ J 2013; 77:3037-44. [PMID: 23986081 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-13-0171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) is shown to preserve kidney function in patients at high risk of contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI), the effect in patients at low-moderate risk remains unknown. The preventive effects of RIPC in patients not at high risk of CI-AKI were examined, and biomarkers with anticipated roles in renal protection via RIPC investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS Sixty patients who had moderate chronic kidney disease and who underwent angiography were randomly assigned to the control (n=30) or RIPC (intermittent arm ischemia, n=30) group. The baseline characteristics in the 2 groups did not differ significantly. CI-AKI was evaluated by measuring urinary liver-type fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP). Biomarkers were measured before and 24 and 48 h after angiography. Twenty-four hours after angiography, the percent change in urinary L-FABP level in the RIPC group was significantly smaller than in the control group (41.3±15.6 vs. 159±34.1%, P=0.003). L-FABP-based CI-AKI developed in 8 control patients (26.9%) vs. only 2 patients in the RIPC group (7.7%), suggesting that RIPC prevents CI-AKI. Factors contributing to CI-AKI were analyzed. Neither high-sensitivity C-reactive protein nor pentraxine-3 level differed significantly between the 2 groups, while the percent change in asymmetrical dimethy larginine (ADMA) level and blood derivatives of reactive oxidative metabolite levels were significantly smaller in the RIPC group. CONCLUSIONS RIPC alleviates CI-AKI in patients at low-moderate risk. This effect might be mediated partly by decreasing oxidative stress and plasma ADMA level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Igarashi
- Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Medicine
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189
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Reduction of myocardial infarct size with ischemic "conditioning": physiologic and technical considerations. Anesth Analg 2013; 117:891-901. [PMID: 23960036 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0b013e318294fc63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A wealth of evidence has revealed that the heart can be "conditioned" and rendered less vulnerable to ischemia-reperfusion injury via the upregulation of endogenous protective signaling pathways. Three distinct conditioning strategies have been identified: (1) preconditioning, the phenomenon where brief episodes of myocardial ischemia (too brief to cause cardiomyocyte death) limit necrosis caused by a subsequent sustained ischemic insult; (2) postconditioning, the concept that relief of myocardial ischemia in a staged or stuttered manner attenuates lethal ischemia-reperfusion injury; and (3) remote conditioning, or upregulation of a cardioprotective phenotype initiated by ischemia in a remote organ or tissue and "transported" to the heart. Progress has been made in defining the technical requirements and limitations of each of the 3 ischemic conditioning models (including the timing and severity of the protective stimulus), as well as elucidating the molecular mechanisms (in particular, the receptor-mediated signaling pathways) responsible for conditioning-induced myocardial protection. Moreover, phase III clinical trials are in progress, seeking to capitalize on the protection that can be achieved by postconditioning and remote conditioning, and applying these strategies in patients undergoing cardiac surgery or angioplasty for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction. There is, however, a potentially important caveat to the clinical translation of myocardial conditioning: emerging data suggest that the efficacy of ischemic conditioning is compromised in aging, diabetic, and hypertensive cohorts, the specific populations in which myocardial protection is most relevant. Successful clinical application of myocardial conditioning will therefore require an understanding of the potential confounding consequences of these comorbidities on the "conditioned" phenotype.
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190
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Przyklenk K, Whittaker P. Genesis of remote conditioning: action at a distance--'hypotheses non fingo'? J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2013; 14:180-6. [PMID: 22964648 DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0b013e328358c8eb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Remote ischemic preconditioning is the phenomenon whereby brief episodes of ischemia-reperfusion applied in a distant organ or tissue render the myocardium resistant to infarction. The discovery of remote conditioning was not a serendipitous finding, but, rather, was predicted by mathematical modeling. In the current review, we describe how the hypothesis for remote conditioning was formulated and tested, how the paradigm has expanded to encompass a spectrum of remote triggers, and summarize the progress that has been made in elucidating the mechanisms responsible for this intriguing form of cardioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Przyklenk
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA.
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191
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Akhtar M, Henderson T, Sutherland A, Vogel T, Friend P. Novel Approaches to Preventing Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury During Liver Transplantation. Transplant Proc 2013; 45:2083-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2013.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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192
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Elias-Miró M, Jiménez-Castro MB, Rodés J, Peralta C. Current knowledge on oxidative stress in hepatic ischemia/reperfusion. Free Radic Res 2013; 47:555-68. [PMID: 23738581 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2013.811721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury associated with hepatic resections and liver transplantation remains a serious complication in clinical practice, despite several attempts to solve the problem. The redox balance, which is pivotal for normal function and integrity of tissues, is dysregulated during I/R, leading to an accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Formation of ROS and oxidant stress are the disease mechanisms most commonly invoked in hepatic I/R injury. The present review examines published results regarding possible sources of ROS and their effects in the context of I/R injury. We also review the effect of oxidative stress on marginal livers, which are more vulnerable to I/R-induced oxidative stress. Strategies to improve the viability of marginal livers could reduce the risk of dysfunction after surgery and increase the number of organs suitable for transplantation. The review also considers the therapeutic strategies developed in recent years to reduce the oxidative stress induced by hepatic I/R, and we seek to explain why some of them have not been applied clinically. New antioxidant strategies that have yielded promising results for hepatic I/R injury are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Elias-Miró
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona (IDIBAPS), Spain
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193
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Bertoletto PR, Ikejiri AT, Somaio Neto F, Chaves JC, Teruya R, Bertoletto ER, Taha MO, Fagundes DJ. Oxidative stress gene expression profile in inbred mouse after ischemia/reperfusion small bowel injury. Acta Cir Bras 2013; 27:773-82. [PMID: 23117609 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-86502012001100006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the profile of gene expressions associated with oxidative stress and thereby contribute to establish parameters about the role of enzyme clusters related to the ischemia/reperfusion intestinal injury. METHODS Twelve male inbred mice (C57BL/6) were randomly assigned: Control Group (CG) submitted to anesthesia, laparotomy and observed by 120 min; Ischemia/reperfusion Group (IRG) submitted to anesthesia, laparotomy, 60 min of small bowel ischemia and 60 min of reperfusion. A pool of six samples was submitted to the qPCR-RT protocol (six clusters) for mouse oxidative stress and antioxidant defense pathways. RESULTS On the 84 genes investigated, 64 (76.2%) had statistic significant expression and 20 (23.8%) showed no statistical difference to the control group. From these 64 significantly expressed genes, 60 (93.7%) were up-regulated and 04 (6.3%) were down-regulated. From the group with no statistical significantly expression, 12 genes were up-regulated and 8 genes were down-regulated. Surprisingly, 37 (44.04%) showed a higher than threefold up-regulation and then arbitrarily the values was considered as a very significant. Thus, 37 genes (44.04%) were expressed very significantly up-regulated. The remained 47 (55.9%) genes were up-regulated less than three folds (35 genes - 41.6%) or down-regulated less than three folds (12 genes - 14.3%). CONCLUSION The intestinal ischemia and reperfusion promote a global hyper-expression profile of six different clusters genes related to antioxidant defense and oxidative stress.
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194
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Borutaite V, Toleikis A, Brown GC. In the eye of the storm: mitochondrial damage during heart and brain ischaemia. FEBS J 2013; 280:4999-5014. [PMID: 23710974 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We review research investigating mitochondrial damage during heart and brain ischaemia, focusing on the mechanisms and consequences of ischaemia-induced and/or reperfusion-induced: (a) inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory complex I; (b) release of cytochrome c from mitochondria; (c) changes to mitochondrial phospholipids; and (d) nitric oxide inhibition of mitochondria. Heart ischaemia causes inhibition of cytochrome oxidase and complex I, release of cytochrome c, and induction of permeability transition and hydrolysis and oxidation of mitochondrial phospholipids, but some of the mechanisms are unclear. Brain ischaemia causes inhibition of complexes I and IV, but other effects are less clear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilmante Borutaite
- Institute of Neurosciences, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
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195
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Redington KL, Disenhouse T, Li J, Wei C, Dai X, Gladstone R, Manlhiot C, Redington AN. Electroacupuncture reduces myocardial infarct size and improves post-ischemic recovery by invoking release of humoral, dialyzable, cardioprotective factors. J Physiol Sci 2013; 63:219-23. [PMID: 23529221 PMCID: PMC10717317 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-013-0259-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that electroacupuncture (EA) can induce cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury, but its mechanisms are incompletely understood. We have previously shown that several other forms of remote preconditioning of the heart work, at least in part, via the release of circulating cardioprotective factors into the bloodstream, that can be dialyzed and subsequently shown to reduce IR injury in isolated hearts. We used the same methods to assess whether EA leads to similar humoral cardioprotection. EA rabbits were subjected to 60 min of bilateral stimulation at the Neiguan point, following which their blood was drawn, dialyzed, and used to perfuse hearts in Langendorff preparation and subsequently subjected to 60 min of global ischemia and 120 min of reperfusion. Compared to controls, dialysate from EA animals led to significant reduction in infarct size and improved functional recovery. The degree of cardioprotection was no different to that seen in animals randomized to receive remote preconditioning using transient limb ischemia (4 cycles of 5 min ischemia/5 min reperfusion). These results suggest that EA recapitulates the cardioprotection achieved by remote preconditioning, by similarly leading to release of circulating cardioprotective factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrine L. Redington
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G1X8 Canada
| | - Tara Disenhouse
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G1X8 Canada
| | - Jing Li
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G1X8 Canada
| | - Can Wei
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G1X8 Canada
| | - Xiaojing Dai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G1X8 Canada
| | - Rachel Gladstone
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G1X8 Canada
| | - Cedric Manlhiot
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G1X8 Canada
| | - Andrew N. Redington
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G1X8 Canada
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196
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Saes GF, Zerati AE, Wolosker N, Ragazzo L, Rosoky RMA, Ritti-Dias RM, Cucato GG, Chehuen M, Farah BQ, Puech-Leão P. Remote ischemic preconditioning in patients with intermittent claudication. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2013; 68:495-9. [PMID: 23778346 PMCID: PMC3634960 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2013(04)10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) is a phenomenon in which a short period of sub-lethal ischemia in one organ protects against subsequent bouts of ischemia in another organ. We hypothesized that RIPC in patients with intermittent claudication would increase muscle tissue resistance to ischemia, thereby resulting in an increased ability to walk. METHODS In a claudication clinic, 52 ambulatory patients who presented with complaints of intermittent claudication in the lower limbs associated with an absent or reduced arterial pulse in the symptomatic limb and/or an ankle-brachial index <0.90 were recruited for this study. The patients were randomly divided into three groups (A, B and C). All of the patients underwent two tests on a treadmill according to the Gardener protocol. Group A was tested first without RIPC. Group A was subjected to RIPC prior to the second treadmill test. Group B was subjected to RIPC prior to the first treadmill test and then was subjected to a treadmill test without RIPC. In Group C (control group), both treadmill tests were performed without RIPC. The first and second tests were conducted seven days apart. Brazilian Clinical Trials: RBR-7TF6TM. RESULTS Group A showed a significant increase in the initial claudication distance in the second test compared to the first test. CONCLUSION RIPC increased the initial claudication distance in patients with intermittent claudication; however, RIPC did not affect the total walking distance of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glauco Fernandes Saes
- Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Disciplina de Cirurgia Vascular, Ambulatório de Claudicação, São Paulo/SP, Brasil.
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197
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Kim CH, Hao J, Ahn HY, Kim SW. Activation of Akt/protein kinase B mediates the protective effects of mechanical stretching against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Vet Sci 2013; 13:235-44. [PMID: 23000580 PMCID: PMC3467398 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2012.13.3.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Akt/protein kinase B is a well-known cell survival factor and activated by many stimuli including mechanical stretching. Therefore, we evaluated the cardioprotective effect of a brief mechanical stretching of rat hearts and determined whether activation of Akt through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) is involved in stretch-induced cardioprotection (SIC). Stretch preconditioning reduced infarct size and improved post-ischemic cardiac function compared to the control group. Phosphorylation of Akt and its downstream substrate, GSK-3β, was increased by mechanical stretching and completely blocked by wortmannin, a PI3K inhibitor. Treatment with lithium or SB216763 (GSK-3β inhibitors) before ischemia induction mimicked the protective effects of SIC on rat heart. Gadolinium (Gd3+), a blocker of stretch-activated ion channels (SACs), inhibited the stretch-induced phosphorylation of Akt and GSK-3β. Furthermore, SIC was abrogated by wortmannin and Gd3+. In vivo stretching induced by an aorto-caval shunt increased Akt phosphorylation and reduced myocardial infarction; these effects were diminished by wortmannin and Gd3+ pretreatment. Our results showed that mechanical stretching can provide cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion injury. Additionally, the activation of Akt, which might be regulated by SACs and the PI3K pathway, plays an important role in SIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Hyung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Korea.
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198
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Remote ischemic preconditioning reduces myocardial injury in patients undergoing coronary stent implantation. Can J Cardiol 2013; 29:1084-9. [PMID: 23414904 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2012.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Revised: 11/03/2012] [Accepted: 11/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial necrosis occurs frequently in elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and is associated with subsequent major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). This study assessed the protective effect of remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) in patients undergoing successful drug-eluting stent implantation with normal baseline troponin values. METHODS We analyzed 205 participants with normal baseline troponin values undergoing successful coronary stent implantation. Subjects were randomized to 2 groups: The RIPC group (n = 101), whose members received RIPC (created by three 5-minute inflations of a pneumatic medical tourniquet cuff to 200 mm Hg around the upper arm, interspersed with 5-minute intervals of reperfusion) < 2 hours before the PCI procedure, and the control group (n = 104). RESULTS The primary outcomes were high sensitive cardiac troponin I (hscTnI) levels and incidence of myocardial infarction (MI 4a, defined as hscTnI > 0.20 ng/mL) at 16 hours after the PCI procedure. The median hscTnI at 16 hours after PCI was lower in the RIPC group compared with the unpreconditioned, control group (0.11 vs 0.21 ng/mL; P < 0.01). The incidence of MI 4a was lower in the RIPC group compared with the control group (39% vs 54%, P < 0.05). Index of renal function showed no difference between the 2 groups at 16 hours after PCI (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION RIPC reduced post-PCI TnI release and incidence of MI 4a in patients undergoing elective coronary stent implantation.
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199
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Wever KE, Masereeuw R, Wagener FA, Verweij VG, Peters JG, Pertijs JC, Van der Vliet JA, Warlé MC, Rongen GA. Humoral signalling compounds in remote ischaemic preconditioning of the kidney, a role for the opioid receptor. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2013; 28:1721-32. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfs601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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200
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Pilcher JM, Young P, Weatherall M, Rahman I, Bonser RS, Beasley RW. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the cardioprotective effects of remote ischaemic preconditioning in open cardiac surgery. J R Soc Med 2013; 105:436-45. [PMID: 23104947 DOI: 10.1258/jrsm.2012.120049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the cardioprotective efficacy of remote ischaemic preconditioning (RIPC) in cardiac surgery. DESIGN We have performed a systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials to identify randomized controlled trials involving RIPC. SETTING Randomized controlled trials of RIPC in open cardiac surgery patients. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Meta-analysis was performed with the primary outcome the standardized mean difference between intervention and control groups in 12 hour postoperative troponin concentration. Heterogeneity was examined by fixed effects meta-regression. RESULTS Ten studies with a total of 693 participants were included in the meta-analysis. RIPC reduced troponin levels 12 hours after surgery compared with control. The fixed and random effects differences were 0.35 (95% CI 0.19 to 0.51) and 0.53 (95% CI 0.18-0.88) respectively. However, important heterogeneity was present. Fixed effects meta-regression partially accounted for heterogeneity based on whether studies had full blinding, comprising blinding of patients, surgeons, anaesthetists and investigators. Studies with incomplete or no blinding demonstrated a larger estimate of effect, 0.74 (95% CI 0.47 to 1.00) compared to those with full blinding, 0.13 (95% CI - 0.07 to 0.33). CONCLUSIONS Although our analysis suggests RIPC may result in cardiac protection during cardiac surgery, the effect was most marked in studies without full blinding, with a smaller and statistically non-significant effect in fully blinded studies. We propose that further double blind randomized controlled trials investigating the cardioprotective effects of RIPC in cardiac surgery are required to resolve the current clinical uncertainty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine M Pilcher
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington 6242, New Zealand.
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